Persecution of Zoroastrians

4869:

violent conversions made by the Muslim conquerors". Sir Thomas Arnold suggests that some of the conversions of the former-Zoroastrians were actually sincere citing the similarities between the two religions as a motivation for the conversions. Stepaniants also (like Arnold) declares that some historians have said that some of the conversions to Islam were sincere citing the fact that Islam offered a broader door of brotherhood, unlike the restrictive criteria of Zoroastrianism. Nevertheless, Sir Thomas Arnold does acknowledge that the persecution of Zoroastrians did take place later on. Stepaniants states that many persecutions took place during the reign of the Abbasids, and around that time was when the Parsi exodus took place. But regardless, both Arnold and Stepaniants say that the Islam is not to be blamed entirely for the decline of Zoroastrianism.

4526:. Ruksana Nanji and Homi Dhalla while discussing archaeological evidence for 'The Landing of Zoroastrians at Sanjan', conclude that the most likely date for the migration at the start of the middle phase of their chronology, namely the early-to-mid-eighth century. Nevertheless, they express their general skepticism about the Qissa-i Sanjan account. Scholar Andre Wink has theorized that Zoroastrian immigrants to India, both before and after the Muslim conquest of Iran, were primarily merchants, since evidence suggests it was only some time after their arrival that religious experts and priests were sent for to join them. He argues that the competition over trade routes with Muslims may also have contributed to their immigration. 4472: 4677:

and their food was considered impure and many public places refused to serve them. When they shopped in the bazaar, they were not allowed to touch any food or fruits. They were threatened with forced conversions, beaten up and fleeced, and their religious sanctuaries were regularly desecrated. Harassments and persecution were the norms of daily life. Zoroastrians were often attacked and beaten by Muslims in the streets. The murders of Zoroastrians were not punished. At times, Zoroastrian girls were kidnapped and forcefully converted and married to Muslims and brought to town in fanfare.

4635: 4705:

Jizya, their children were beaten and even tortured and their religious books were thrown in fire. That is how the term "the bookless" came about. Under the woeful conditions, some had to convert and there were those who declared themselves Muslims, picked up Islamic names, but in secret continued Zoroastrian practices. Today the latter group among the Zoroastrians is known as Jaddid. In response to persecution and segregation policies, the Zoroastrians community became closed, introverted, and static.

10881: 10378: 8424: 555: 4690:

that had run down through their bodies and cloths could pollute the Muslims. Zoroastrian men in Yazd would carry a large shawl that they would place under their feet when visiting a Muslim's home so as to prevent the carpet from being polluted. Forbidden from riding horses and only allowed to ride mules or donkeys, upon facing a Muslim they had to dismount. The general proscription against Zoroastrians' riding horses and donkeys was lifted by

24: 617: 10388: 143: 4305:, an Arabicized Persian, and governor of Khorasan for the Abbasid caliphs, banned publication in Persian and by his order all the Zoroastrians were forced to bring their religious books to be thrown in the fire. As a result, many literary works written in Pahlavi script disappeared. During the Abbasid reign the Zoroastrians, for the first time became a minority in Iran. 6220:"The Zoroastrians who remained in Persia (modern Iran) after the Arab–Muslim conquest (7th century CE) had a long history as outcasts. Although they purchased some toleration by paying the jizya (poll tax), not abolished until 1882, they were treated as an inferior race, had to wear distinctive garb, and were not allowed to ride horses or bear arms." 4129:(polluted) and impure to Muslims, making them unfit to live alongside Muslims, and therefore forcing them to evacuate from cities and face major sanctions in all spheres of life. Zoroastrians have been subject to public humiliation through dress regulations, to being labeled as najis and to exclusion in the fields of society, education and work. 4926:. Christians living in Sassanian-held territory were noted to have destroyed many fire-temples and Zoroastrian places of worship. Christian priests deliberately extinguished the sacred fire of the Zoroastrians and characterized adherents as "followers of the wicked Zardusht (Zoroaster), serving false gods and the natural elements." 3667:. Gradually, an increasing number of laws were passed by the Rashidun Caliphate which regulated Zoroastrian behaviour and limited their ability to participate in society. Over time, the persecution of Zoroastrians by Muslims became increasingly common and widespread, and the religion consequently began to decline. As the process of 4078:

believers decreased significantly. Many converted, some superficially, to escape the systematic abuse and discrimination by the law of the land. Others accepted Islam because their employment in industrial and artisan work would, according to Zoroastrian dogma, make them impure as their work involved defiling fire. According to

4902:

Anushiravan then proceeded to implement his own far-reaching social and administrative reforms. Mazdakism almost disappeared after the massacre. Later, there were instances in which Zoroastrian clergy were assisted by Muslims against Zoroastrians whom the Zoroastrian clergy considered to be heretics or separatists.

4868:

Several historians express doubt about the entire narrative of the forced conversions of the Zoroastrians, citing many examples of tolerance that were shown by the Muslim overlords concluding that "in the face of such facts, it is surely impossible to attribute the decay of Zoroastrianism entirely to

4572:

Apart from two accounts of confrontation in the Qissa, Parsi lore presents a smooth integration into the local culture of first their Hindu, and then Muslim neighbors. The community still exists in western India, and it currently contains the largest concentration of Zoroastrians in the world. "Parsi

4479:

The Zoroastrians moved to India in successive migrations in the Islamic period. The generally accepted narrative of migration emphasises religious persecution by invading Muslims, while identifying Parsis as religious refugees. According to the account, the Zoroastrians suffered at their hands and in

4233:

Although the Umayyads were harsh when it came to defeating their Zoroastrian adversaries, claiming responsibility for many of the atrocities towards the Zoroastrian population during warfare, but they did however offer protection and relative religious tolerance to the Zoroastrians who accepted their

4680:

Zoroastrians were subjected to public discrimination through dress regulations – not allowed to wear new or white clothes, and compelled by enactments to wear the dull yellow raiment already alluded to as a distinguishing badge. They were not allowed to wear overcoats but were compelled to wear long

4598:

settled a number of Zoroastrians in a suburb of his new capital, Isfahan. The suburb of Isfahan where the Zoroastrians lived was called Gabr-Mahal, Gabristan or Gabrabad, derived from the word Gabr. Europeans who visited his court left accounts of the 'Gabars' or 'Gabrs' (an insulting term used for

4676:

Various methods were used to proselytize the minorities. According to a law, if any member of family converted to Islam, he/she was entitled to all inheritance. They were forbidden from taking up lucrative occupations. The community was regarded as outcast, impure and untouchable. The Zoroastrians

4221:

that their blood mixed with water would energize the millstone to produce as much as one day meal for him, as he had vowed. The extent of his brutality represented itself by running watermills by people's blood for three days and he fed his army with the bread made from that very bloody flour. But

4077:

Gradually there were increased number of laws regulating Zoroastrian behavior, limiting their ability to participate in society, and making their life difficult in the hope that they would convert to Islam. Over time, persecution of Zoroastrians became more common and widespread, and the number of

4901:

states that the three thousand Mazdakis were buried alive with the feet upwards in order to present Mazdak with the spectacle of a "human garden", whereas Mazdak himself was hanged upside down and shot with countless arrows; other stories specify other torturous methods of execution. In any case,

4704:

and would rip it off, hanging the cord around the necks of the beleaguered faithful. Due to corruption of the tax officials, at times twice and even three times the official figure would be collected, because every intermediary had to receive his share. If the families could not afford paying the

4689:

on their feet even in winter. Wearing eyeglasses, long cloak, trousers, hat, boots, socks, winding their turbans tightly and neatly, carrying watches or rings, were all forbidden to Zoroastrians. During the rainy days they were not allowed carry umbrellas or to appear in public, because the water

4545:

added a coin to the milk, saying like the coin, no one would be able to see that they were there but they would enrich the milk nonetheless. In another version, he added sugar instead and claimed that like it, they would sweeten lands of Sanjan. In both of them their settlement is approved by the

4401:

Zoroastrianism, for the time being, continued to exist in many parts of Iran. Not only in countries which came relatively late under Muslim sway (e.g., Tabaristan) but also in those regions which early had become provinces of the Muslim empire. In almost all the Iranian provinces, according to Al

4586:

Zoroastrians had difficult time during the Safavid period and faced repeated persecution and forced conversion. Safavid kings sought to compel them to accept Shia Islam, Sunnis too were forced to convert to Shia or were persecuted, imprisoned, exiled, or killed. Zoroastrians were also branded as

4320:

for destroying a fire-temple and replacing it with a mosque. Al-Mu'tasim allowed rebuilding and the establishment of Zoroastrian fire temples in many places within the borders of the Abbasid Caliphate. It was reported that there were still a significant strength of strongholds of the Zoroastrian

4697:

On top of all the misery the Zoroastrians had to pay a heavy religious tax known as Jizya. Zoroastrian sources record the method of extracting this as designed to humiliate the dhimmi, the taxed person, who was compelled to stand while the officer receiving the money sat on a high throne. Upon

4201:

Royalty. These two beliefs made it easier for Zoroastrians to convert. An instance of religious oppression is recorded when an Arab governor appointed a commissioner to supervise the destruction of shrines throughout Iran, regardless of treaty obligations. One of the Umayyad Caliphs was quoted

4105:

to learn Arabic along with the teachings of the Quran, and these children lost their Zoroastrian identity. These factors continued to contribute to increasing rates of conversion from Zoroastrianism to Islam. A Persian scholar commented, "Why so many had to die or suffer? Because one side was

4049:

status and subjected to persecutions; discrimination and harassment began in the form of sparse violence. Those paying Jizya were subjected to insults and humiliation by the tax collectors. Zoroastrians who were captured as slaves in wars were given their freedom if they converted to Islam.

4073:

and other Persian cities. Urban areas where Arab governors made their quarters were most vulnerable to such religious persecution, great fire temples were turned into mosques, and the citizens were forced to conform or flee. Many libraries were burnt and much cultural heritage was lost.

4300:

Hardly any Zoroastrian family was able to avoid conversion to Islam when employed by the Abbasids. Because of their harshness towards unbelievers, and due to their lavish patronage of Persian Muslims, the Abbasids proved to be deadly foes of Zoroastrianism. According to Dawlatshah,

4247:. Donner goes on to say that "Zoroastrians continued to exist in large numbers in northern and western Iran and elsewhere for centuries after the rise of Islam, and indeed, much of the canon of Zoroastrian religious texts was elaborated and written down during the Islamic period". 4719:

Due to the extent of oppression, and destitution, many Zoroastrians ventured to the hazardous journey to India. Those who could not afford the voyage aboard the ships, risked their lives by crossing the hostile desert on donkeys or even on foot. In India, they were recognized for

4541:, summoned them and demanded to know how they would not be a burden on or a threat to the indigenous communities. Replying to their request of practising their religion and till the land, he showed them a jug full of milk, saying Sanjan like it was full. In one version, a 4494:

written more than 200 years later. This is complicated by the fact that there were already Zoroastrians in India in the Sasanian period. According to the legend, at the beginning of the 10th century a small group of Zoroastrians living around the town of Nyshapour and

4587:

impure, in addition to being infidels. As earlier in the century, so this period also witnessed sporadic campaigns for the conversion of Armenians and Zoroastrians, focusing blame for economic and other ills on these and other minorities whose involvement in the

4599:

Zoroastrians by the Muslims), agree on the poverty and simplicity of their lives. Fearing desecration by Muslims, Zoroastrians hid the sacred fires, and conversed in a newly invented dialect called Dari. Later Safavid kings were not as tolerant as Shah Abbas.

4712:. Today, the village of Maul Seyyed Aul near Borazjan, among the local people is known as "killing site" (Ghatl-Gauh), and Zoroastrian surnames of Turk, Turki, Turkian and Turkabadi reflect lineage to the survivors of Turkabad. In the 1850s, 9404: 1594: 4238:

was reported to have said in one of his letters commanding not to "destroy a synagogue or a church or temple of fire worshippers (meaning the Zoroastrians) as long as they have reconciled with and agreed upon with the Muslims".

4849:. Out-marriage and low birth rates affect the growth of Iran's Zoroastrian population which, according to Iran's 2012 census results, stood at 25,271, though this represented an increase of 27.5% on the 2006 population. 4577:

is an account of the early years of Zoroastrian settlers on the Indian subcontinent. It is only in recent times that Parsis have become aware of the extent of the oppression that their ancestors in Iran had to endure.

4740:

When the news of their plight reached the Parsis, who by this time had become quite prosperous, Parsi funds were set up to help the Iranian Zoroastrians and emissaries were dispatched to Iran. A Parsi philanthropist,

4673:, the wall of Zoroastrian houses had to be lower than that of the Muslims and prohibited from marking their houses with distinctive signs. Zoroastrians were forbidden from erecting new houses and repairing old ones. 4546:

Rajah who addresses certain conditions for it: they would explain their religion, promise not to proselytise, adopt Gujarati speech and dress, surrender their weapons and only conduct their rituals after nightfall.

4181:

tax was imposed upon Zoroastrians, and the official language of Persia became Arabic instead of the local Persian. In 741, the Umayyads officially decreed that non-Muslims be excluded from governmental positions.

4622:, the Zoroastrians were no longer able practice their religion freely. He notes that the most deprived Zoroastrians had been brought to Isfahan, and had been forced to become Muslim three years earlier. In 1821, 4614:, written during the Safavid period, demonstrate that the Zoroastrians were subjected to harassment by the Shi'ite majority, their places of worship were under a constant threat of being destroyed. By 1707, when 4573:

legends regarding their ancestors' migration to India depict a beleaguered band of religious refugees escaping the harsh rule of fanatical Muslim invaders in order to preserve their ancient faith." The epic poem

10488: 4026:

that passed a decree solidifying this in 224 CE. The Arab invasion abruptly brought to an end the religious domination of Zoroastrianism in Persia and instituted Islam as the official religion of the state.

4698:

receiving the payment, the officer gave the dhimmi a blow on the neck and drove him roughly away. The public was invited to watch the spectacle. Arab tax collectors would mock Zoroastrians for wearing

4082:, Muslim missionaries did not encounter difficulty in explaining Islamic tenets to Zoroastrians, as there were many similarities between the faiths. According to Arnold, for the Persian, he would meet 4665:

noted that Zoroastrians lived in constant fear of persecution by Muslim extremists and their lives were in danger whenever the fanatical spirit of Islam broke out, such as the one witnessed by him in

4654:

remained in agony and their population continued to decline. Even during the rule of Agha Mohammad Khan, the founder of the dynasty, many Zoroastrians were killed and some were taken as captives to

4894:

launched a campaign against the Mazdakis in 524 or 528, culminating in a massacre which killed most of them, including Mazdak himself and restored orthodox Zoroastrianism as the state religion.

4349:

state, Zoroastrian institutions were viewed as appendages of the royal government and family, and suffered much destruction and confiscation. Closely associated with the power structures of the

4484:

and finally to India. Recently, scholars have questioned this explanation of Iranian origins. There is a scarcity of sources about the migration. Historians are forced to rely exclusively on

4716:, the French Ambassador to Iran, wrote: "Only 6000 of them are left and just a miracle may save them from extinction. These are the descendants of the people who one day ruled the world." 9373: 1555: 7883: 4209:

expedition. On the way to Mazandaran, the general ordered captives to be hanged at the two sides of the road so that the victorious Arab army could pass through. The attack on

4333:, Fars and more that were surviving under the Abbasid regime. This is not only attested by European explorers of later times, but also the Muslim historians who were present. 4557:

named Kamdin Zarthost arrived there in 1142 CE to perform religious ceremonies for Zoroastrians settled there. Traditionally, the Parsee settlers had named it Navsari after

7349:

The Zoroastrian Myth of Migration from Iran and Settlement in the Indian Diaspora: Text, Translation and Analysis of the 16th Century Qesse-ye Sanjān 'The Story of Sanjan

6319: 4446:(Al-Hind) to the list. This general statement of al Masudi is fully supported by the medieval geographers who make mention of fire temples in most of the Iranian towns. 7098: 7078: 7943: 4189:, had a great influence on the prophet Muhammad. They also pointed out the legend that Husayn, the son of the fourth Caliph, had married a Sassanian princess named 9867: 4955: 2063: 6650: 4243:

says that Zoroastrians in the northern parts of Iran were hardly penetrated by the "believers" winning virtually complete autonomy in-return for tribute-tax or

8913: 8150: 7545: 3424: 1089: 8078: 7931: 8022: 9121: 3976: 2789: 1303: 4708:

Zoroastrian massacres did not cease during the Qajar rule. The last two are recorded at the villages surrounding the city of Boarzjan and Turkabad near

4291:. Iranian Muslims were welcomed to the court, but not Zoroastrians. Zoroastrians were denied access to bathhouses on the grounds that their bodies were 10262: 9645: 7955: 4193:(the Lady of the Land), whose son later became the fourth Muslim Imam (and started the Shia branch of Islam). The Iranian Muslims thus believed that 2474: 1835: 4791:

visited London; Parsi delegations from the ZTFE were present to advocate for their Iranian co-religionists suffering the intense persecution of the

9072: 2804: 2606: 1254: 583: 4757:(now the capital of Iran). Using his influence with the British government he managed to get some of the repression against Zoroastrians removed. 4185:

The Iranian Muslims at this time started a new tradition, which made Islam appear as a partly Iranian religion. They pointed out that an Iranian,

7471: 3310: 2847: 2843: 4022:

and dominated by a Zoroastrian majority. Zoroastrianism was the official state religion of four pre-Islamic Persian empires, the last being the

8993: 8356: 7829: 7823: 7625: 4503:, decided that Iran was no longer safe for Zoroastrians and their religion. The refugees accepted the conditions and founded the settlement of 4153:

status by the Arabs, although some practices contrary to Islam were prohibited. Many libraries were burnt and much cultural heritage was lost.

1169: 298: 6736:

Choksy, Jamsheed K. (1987), "Zoroastrians in Muslim Iran: Selected Problems of Coexistence and Interaction during the Early Medieval Period",

8126: 8042: 8010: 7817: 3290: 9650: 8090: 8037: 8032: 8027: 3394: 1840: 41: 4125:

In the following centuries, Zoroastrians faced much religious discrimination and persecution, harassments, as well as being identified as

88: 9620: 9214: 8746: 8344: 7859: 4267:, temples and sacred-fire shrines were destroyed. Also during Abbasid rule, the status of Zoroastrians in Persian lands was reduced from 3602: 1810: 1396: 914: 60: 8898: 8156: 7530: 6351: 3556: 3453: 1074: 4807:

was equally traumatic for the remaining Zoroastrians, and their numbers reduced drastically. Immediately after the revolution, during

8162: 7979: 5440: 5107: 3888: 3359: 3324: 3236: 3227: 6365: 10424: 8828: 8716: 8459: 4522:

Iranian Zoroastrians are known to have been trading with India for centuries before the dates calculated for arrival of Parsis per

3157: 3088: 2959: 2891: 2740: 996: 884: 67: 6640: 4397:, a Baghdad-born Arab, who wrote a comprehensive treatise on history and geography in about 956, records that after the conquest: 4369:. During their reign, approximately 300 years after the Arab conquest, fire temples were still found in almost every province of 3969: 10363: 9077: 8838: 8666: 8651: 8646: 8492: 7889: 5471: 4780: 3182: 3147: 3024: 2954: 2900: 2575: 1259: 1006: 834: 819: 814: 644: 7937: 6326: 4646:

to the Qajar army in Kerman. Because of Gushtasp's forecast, the Zoroastrians of Kerman were spared by the conquering army of

10391: 8972: 8903: 8631: 8138: 7604: 7535: 4345:. Zoroastrians lived under the leadership of their High Priest, since they had no king. In Iraq, the political center of the 3448: 1148: 1079: 799: 74: 8186: 9426: 8721: 8543: 5379: 4122:, the Sassanid line came to an end and the Zoroastrian faith, and Islam took its place as the national religion of Persia. 2599: 1616: 889: 703: 576: 7043:, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, vol. II (illustrated ed.), Taylor & Francis, p. 878, 7007: 4841:

communities, Zoroastrians are officially recognized and on the grounds of the 1906 Constitution allocated one seat in the

4728:

and were sheltered by their Parsi brethren. There, they formed the second major Indian Zoroastrian community known as the

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which came to power with the help of Iranian Muslims. The persecution of Zoroastrians increased significantly under the

56: 9640: 9104: 7357: 7199: 7189: 7179: 6590: 4562: 3962: 3039: 3014: 2909: 2799: 1830: 1286: 5676: 9278: 9109: 8595: 8573: 8066: 8047: 7280: 7239: 7219: 7159: 7139: 7108: 7088: 7068: 7048: 7017: 6997: 6977: 6957: 6937: 6876: 6847: 6811: 6791: 6727: 6696: 6660: 6630: 6610: 6557: 6539: 6510: 6253: 5117: 4772: 3837: 3458: 3364: 3177: 3117: 3074: 3054: 2979: 2924: 2919: 2814: 2784: 2682: 1460: 1291: 755: 733: 107: 3706:

as well as other religious teachings; this process contributed to the decline of Zoroastrianism. However, under the

10025: 9862: 9762: 9209: 9099: 8120: 7367: 5873: 3436: 3333: 3044: 3034: 2969: 2229: 2058: 1952: 1391: 1281: 10915: 9615: 9116: 8868: 8671: 8398: 8368: 7500: 7228:

Selbie, John Alexander (1914), "GABARS", in Hastings, James; Gray, Louis Herbert; Selbie, John Alexander (eds.),

5221: 4302: 3595: 3399: 3212: 3207: 3132: 3059: 3019: 2999: 2989: 2939: 2886: 2866: 2834: 2779: 2764: 2592: 1805: 1298: 1044: 839: 569: 6967: 4529:

Although historically unsubstantiated, the story of how Zoroastrians gained permission to step on the shores of

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Under the first four Caliphs, Persia remained predominantly Zoroastrian. Zoroastrians were given the status of

3827: 3549: 3280: 3245: 3222: 3192: 3167: 3162: 3137: 3127: 3122: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3079: 3004: 2914: 2871: 2819: 2774: 2749: 2731: 2667: 899: 45: 8878: 7510: 3757: 3404: 1054: 10868: 10294: 10010: 8711: 8404: 8380: 8168: 7967: 6949:

State and government in medieval Islam: an introduction to the study of Islamic political theory: the jurists

4053:

Many fire temples, with their four axial arch openings, were usually turned into mosques simply by setting a

3505: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3217: 3202: 3197: 3187: 3152: 3142: 3064: 3049: 3029: 2949: 2934: 2929: 2881: 2876: 2861: 2856: 2754: 2506: 2214: 879: 3651:, and Zoroastrians living in areas that had fallen under Muslim control were required to pay a tax known as 10910: 10863: 10810: 10417: 9573: 9521: 8482: 8452: 8294: 8192: 8016: 3786: 3349: 3315: 3305: 3295: 3250: 3172: 3009: 2974: 2964: 2944: 2829: 2809: 2759: 1763: 1711: 634: 8218: 6915:

Persia past and present: a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map

4626:

visiting Isfahan notes that there were hardly any Zoroastrians left in Isfahan and Gabrabad was in ruins.

4308:

Nevertheless, there were many cases of toleration during the Abbasid era, particularly under the reign of

10205: 10057: 9476: 9067: 3812: 3369: 3285: 3260: 3255: 2984: 2794: 2417: 2261: 1666: 1249: 535: 81: 8232: 5708:

The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism, eds. M. Stausberg & Y. S.-D. Vevaina, 2015, pp. 110

4775:(ZTFE), also attempted to alleviate the conditions of their Iranian brethren. Both Dadabhai Naoroji and 4065:(the direction of Mecca). Zoroastrian temples converted into mosques in such a manner could be found in 10842: 10314: 9089: 8766: 8497: 5623: 3905: 3636: 3588: 2687: 2526: 1271: 934: 649: 8198: 6226: 10905: 10805: 9667: 9481: 9378: 9258: 8920: 8888: 8553: 8487: 8326: 8302: 8270: 8114: 7919: 7901: 7895: 7853: 7552: 7520: 4205:

Yazid-ibn-Mohalleb, a general under the Umayyads, was appointed the head of a great army to lead the

4042: 3767: 3737: 3632: 3470: 3414: 1857: 1671: 1560: 1440: 1096: 1064: 713: 639: 9927: 9815: 9662: 9431: 9363: 9186: 9141: 9003: 8883: 8860: 8796: 8726: 8610: 8132: 7716: 7691: 7635: 7515: 7484: 4647: 4480:

order to protect themselves and safeguard their religion, fled first to northern Iran, then to the

3944: 3910: 3807: 3561: 3419: 3409: 2642: 2123: 2011: 1852: 1621: 1545: 1368: 1323: 1179: 1059: 1034: 964: 894: 770: 10837: 7429:

Gholami, S. (2022). "On the terminology designating the Zoroastrians of Iran and their language".

6394:

Arnold 1896, The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith, pp. 177-180

5645: 10885: 10815: 10764: 10410: 10381: 10210: 10190: 10052: 10042: 10000: 9630: 9471: 9328: 9323: 9293: 9288: 9231: 9166: 9151: 9084: 9057: 9042: 8445: 8409: 7913: 7835: 4788: 4670: 4607:(1688–1728 CE) to decree the forcible conversion of Zoroastrians; those who refused were killed. 4533:

continues to be critical to the self-identity of the group. Per the commonly told narrative, the

3772: 2422: 2402: 2256: 2246: 2204: 1820: 1661: 1510: 1505: 1475: 1470: 1413: 1348: 1333: 1266: 1239: 1224: 600: 490: 126: 34: 10487: 9268: 1450: 10832: 10309: 10282: 10272: 9752: 9732: 9595: 9466: 9358: 9303: 9273: 9253: 9181: 9161: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9037: 9008: 8981: 8952: 8947: 8873: 8538: 8528: 8362: 8338: 8054: 7640: 7613: 7584: 7579: 7505: 6923: 4945: 4923: 4742: 4662: 4600: 4471: 4466: 4001: 3995: 3762: 3537: 3500: 3485: 2521: 2494: 2484: 1942: 1922: 1785: 1656: 1540: 1485: 1455: 1435: 1363: 1343: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1219: 1184: 1157: 1128: 1123: 1049: 698: 688: 253: 7347: 6719:

Conflict and Cooperation: Zoroastrian Subalterns and Muslim Elites in Medieval Iranian Society

6412:

Arnold 1896, The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith, pp. 179

4661:

Many foreign visitors to Iran of the time had commented on their pitiful situation. Traveller

10774: 10277: 10237: 10170: 10067: 10015: 9942: 9697: 9461: 9368: 9343: 9338: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9248: 9196: 9156: 9062: 9032: 8930: 8548: 8332: 7991: 7776: 7741: 7711: 7562: 7480: 7336: 7169: 6578: 4776: 3883: 3858: 3475: 3386: 2489: 2449: 2382: 2271: 2219: 2138: 1887: 1651: 1550: 1525: 1520: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1430: 1378: 1338: 1244: 1214: 1106: 708: 540: 443: 7270: 7229: 7209: 7149: 7129: 7058: 7038: 6987: 6947: 6927: 6913: 6837: 6801: 6781: 6717: 6706: 6686: 6620: 6600: 6500: 4283:' (non-believers). As a result, Zoroastrians were not granted the same rights and status as 10769: 10148: 9682: 9556: 9383: 9263: 9221: 9171: 9146: 8962: 8925: 8661: 8523: 8314: 8250: 8060: 7871: 7756: 7661: 7594: 7557: 7449: 6682: 6221: 4784: 4119: 4079: 3920: 3510: 3479: 2647: 2360: 1872: 1746: 1565: 1445: 1403: 1353: 1328: 1138: 1101: 829: 683: 495: 438: 5448: 4402:

Masudi, fire temples were to be found – the Madjus he says, venerate many fire temples in

3663:

were built in the place of some destroyed Zoroastrian temples, and many Persian libraries

8: 10779: 10578: 10324: 10185: 9820: 9722: 9702: 9491: 9399: 9353: 9333: 9298: 9191: 8986: 8791: 8226: 8206: 7961: 7847: 7791: 7761: 7726: 7618: 7029:

The Death of Ahriman: Culture, Identity, and Theological Change Among the Parsis of India

6857: 4846: 4443: 4034:

imposed on them after being conquered by Muhammad are mentioned by the Islamic historian

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and its followers were persecuted by Zoroastrian Sassanian leaders. The Sassanian ruler

3694:. Following the conversion of a Zoroastrian subject, their children would be sent to an 10667: 10596: 10097: 10092: 10082: 10030: 10020: 9995: 9937: 9895: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9707: 8998: 8320: 8244: 8238: 7796: 7766: 7751: 7630: 7387: 7322: 7314: 6929:

History of the Parsis: including their manners, customs, religion, and present position

6764: 6403:

Marietta Stepaniants, Philosophy East and West Vol. 52, No. 2 (Apr., 2002), pp. 164-165

6242: 4960: 4804: 4713: 4615: 4276: 4186: 4145: 4138: 3925: 3723: 3644: 3544: 3463: 2712: 2301: 2296: 2286: 2234: 2224: 2199: 2133: 2091: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1897: 1174: 378: 308: 10356: 10267: 10195: 10180: 9979: 9922: 9727: 9635: 9526: 9446: 9283: 8578: 8374: 8102: 8004: 7877: 7721: 7671: 7666: 7353: 7326: 7306: 7276: 7235: 7215: 7195: 7175: 7155: 7135: 7104: 7084: 7064: 7044: 7013: 6993: 6973: 6953: 6933: 6872: 6843: 6825: 6807: 6787: 6753: 6723: 6692: 6656: 6626: 6606: 6586: 6553: 6506: 6345: 6249: 5113: 4834: 4830: 4823: 4623: 4508: 4496: 4170: 4162: 3898: 3878: 3863: 3832: 3817: 3624: 2652: 2568: 2479: 2407: 2392: 2175: 2118: 1917: 1825: 1716: 1636: 1465: 738: 5479: 4634: 10784: 10583: 10573: 10319: 10304: 10232: 10153: 10123: 9954: 9790: 9496: 9052: 9047: 8893: 8786: 8392: 8308: 8288: 8108: 7771: 7696: 7525: 7438: 7379: 7298: 6745: 6421:

Marietta Stepaniants, Philosophy East and West Vol. 52, No. 2 (Apr., 2002), pp. 159

4538: 4504: 4500: 4431: 4419: 4374: 4166: 4023: 3719: 3680: 3431: 2672: 2531: 2516: 2444: 2365: 2335: 2150: 1986: 1686: 1234: 1229: 1069: 954: 470: 293: 288: 4353:, Zoroastrian clergy quickly declined after it was deprived of the state support. 10334: 10242: 10138: 10087: 9947: 9932: 9912: 9877: 9590: 9501: 9436: 9226: 9176: 8957: 8811: 8428: 8350: 8256: 8180: 8174: 7907: 7841: 7706: 7701: 7589: 7118: 7027: 6567: 6520: 5864:

The Cambridge illustrated history of the Islamic world. Francis Robinson, p. 72.

4411: 4378: 4260: 4256: 4174: 3722:

re-emerged significantly and flourished; this period marked the beginning of the

3711: 3676: 3578: 3495: 2546: 2454: 2350: 2291: 2143: 2128: 2108: 2073: 1780: 1691: 1626: 1408: 1358: 1133: 979: 559: 6839:

Zoroastrians in Britain: the Ratanbai Katrak lectures, University of Oxford 1985

5387: 4114:

In the 7th century CE Persia succumbed to the invading Arabs. With the death of

10682: 10677: 10621: 10563: 10433: 10329: 10287: 10257: 10247: 10165: 10158: 10143: 10133: 9969: 9905: 9847: 9842: 9827: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9486: 9421: 8935: 8908: 8756: 8468: 8096: 7985: 7973: 7786: 7567: 7540: 5684: 5530:

Recorded by Ibn Abu Shayba in Al-Musanaf and Abu 'Ubaid Ibn Sallam in his book

4950: 4853: 4842: 4808: 4762: 4574: 4549:

One of the dates that can be fixed with certainty is the arrival of Parsees in

4523: 4486: 4386: 4350: 4309: 4006:

Until the Arab invasion and subsequent Muslim conquest, in the mid-7th century

3707: 3635:, discrimination and harassment against Zoroastrians took place in the form of 3620: 3443: 2702: 2541: 2499: 2469: 2459: 2377: 2370: 2355: 2345: 2165: 2101: 2043: 2038: 2023: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1676: 1611: 1111: 1084: 924: 608: 393: 388: 338: 278: 134: 7442: 6749: 4169:. The persecution increased in the 8th century, during the reign of the late 3627:. The notably large-scale persecution of Zoroastrians began after the rise of 10899: 10820: 10591: 10502: 10341: 9964: 9900: 9885: 9747: 9712: 9692: 9563: 9506: 9441: 8833: 8736: 8276: 8262: 8072: 7801: 7781: 7676: 7310: 6829: 6757: 6302: 4940: 4792: 4766: 4729: 4651: 4650:. Despite the aforementioned favorable incident, the Zoroastrians during the 4604: 4481: 4407: 4115: 3930: 3868: 3791: 3354: 2717: 2707: 2677: 2553: 2160: 2096: 2081: 1937: 1902: 1882: 1753: 1696: 1631: 1001: 904: 510: 303: 208: 7289:

Stepaniants, Marietta (2002), "The Encounter of Zoroastrianism with Islam",

4106:

determined to impose his religion upon the other who could not understand."

10687: 10672: 10636: 10626: 10558: 10553: 10522: 10175: 10062: 9890: 9857: 9837: 9767: 9757: 9737: 9717: 9348: 9241: 9236: 8967: 8942: 8801: 8741: 8706: 8676: 7599: 7574: 4915: 4838: 4643: 4595: 4516: 4223: 4035: 3949: 3690:

to avoid discrimination and the effects of second-class citizenship in the

3668: 3664: 3532: 3527: 3515: 3490: 2387: 2266: 2086: 2053: 2033: 1957: 1947: 1927: 1907: 1530: 1423: 1418: 1143: 1118: 969: 909: 874: 844: 398: 383: 343: 273: 268: 233: 7302: 6989:

The fire, the star and the cross: minority religions in medieval and early

4101:

Once a Zoroastrian family converted to Islam, the children had to go to a

10759: 10568: 10447: 10077: 10037: 10005: 9872: 9832: 9672: 9585: 9536: 9511: 9411: 9094: 8823: 8806: 8761: 8681: 7865: 7681: 4815: 4812: 4558: 4366: 4240: 4202:

saying, "milk the Persians and once their milk dries, suck their blood".

4083: 4015: 3715: 3648: 2281: 2241: 2209: 2068: 2028: 1862: 1775: 1726: 1701: 1601: 1276: 991: 974: 929: 849: 428: 283: 158: 7395: 6569:

The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith

4642:

A Zoroastrian astrologer named Mulla Gushtasp predicted the fall of the

4217:. By the orders of Yazid-ibn-Mohalleb so many Persians were beheaded in 10697: 10662: 10548: 10462: 10351: 10346: 10227: 10222: 10118: 10102: 9959: 9852: 9810: 9772: 9580: 9568: 9541: 9531: 9451: 8850: 8845: 8816: 8751: 8600: 7736: 7731: 7391: 7318: 6622:

The formation of Islam: religion and society in the Near East, 600–1800

4919: 4911: 4655: 4427: 4423: 4288: 4210: 4206: 4194: 4019: 2662: 2563: 2558: 2439: 2434: 2330: 2306: 2155: 2048: 2006: 1962: 1770: 1758: 1731: 1721: 1641: 1018: 1013: 984: 919: 760: 373: 263: 173: 10754: 10749: 10472: 10452: 10252: 10200: 9917: 9516: 8626: 8212: 7925: 6530: 5624:"IRAN ii. IRANIAN HISTORY (2) Islamic period – Encyclopaedia Iranica" 4898: 4891: 4878: 4819: 4691: 4394: 4365:

were of Zoroastrian theocratic nobility who voluntarily converted to

4346: 4342: 4198: 4190: 3691: 2692: 2464: 2412: 2113: 1706: 794: 423: 418: 183: 163: 142: 7383: 7103:, Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, p. 473, 4779:, as presidents of the ZTFE and Members of Parliament addressed the 23: 10692: 10611: 10606: 10217: 10047: 9974: 9625: 9551: 9456: 9416: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8696: 8691: 8636: 8423: 7949: 7686: 4507:, which is said to have been named after the city of their origin ( 4382: 4362: 4275:, people who were protected by the state and generally considered ' 4264: 4213:(present-day Mazandaran) failed, but he established his control in 2429: 2251: 2170: 1815: 1741: 1646: 1606: 949: 944: 939: 864: 859: 804: 554: 328: 323: 228: 6550:

The Zoroastrians of Iran: conversion, assimilation, or persistence

10723: 10657: 10631: 10477: 10402: 8701: 8605: 8585: 8558: 8533: 8437: 7214:(Illustrated ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 228, 6806:(Illustrated ed.), Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 180, 6655:(2 ed.), New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, p. 252, 4619: 4566: 4550: 4530: 4390: 4317: 4235: 4102: 4087: 4070: 4066: 3822: 3695: 3640: 2637: 869: 765: 745: 718: 693: 616: 448: 368: 348: 188: 7154:(illustrated ed.), Syracuse University Press, p. 302, 6722:(Illustrated ed.), Columbia University Press, p. 207, 6522:

The sword of Allah, Khalid bin al-Waleed: his life and campaigns

10825: 10702: 10543: 10538: 10507: 9677: 8686: 8590: 8568: 8563: 8513: 7746: 7275:(Illustrated ed.), Markus Wiener Publishers, p. 138, 4935: 4922:

were noted to have undergone hardship, notably during the long

4887: 4883: 4754: 4746: 4725: 4721: 4700: 4542: 4460: 4415: 4370: 4330: 4322: 4280: 4272: 4244: 4218: 4214: 4055: 4046: 4007: 3699: 3672: 3660: 1867: 854: 750: 728: 723: 673: 500: 458: 453: 313: 258: 213: 6842:(Illustrated ed.), Oxford University Press, p. 336, 6786:(illustrated ed.), Univ of Wisconsin Press, p. 314, 4658:. Zoroastrians regard the Qajar period as one of their worst. 10744: 10718: 10616: 10601: 10517: 10512: 9687: 8518: 7998: 4811:'s premiership, Muslim revolutionaries "walked into the main 4588: 4554: 4534: 4439: 4293: 4227: 4178: 4126: 4095: 4091: 4061: 4031: 3703: 3653: 3628: 1877: 678: 333: 318: 223: 218: 7479: 4897:

Various accounts specify the way of death: for example, the

4765:

minority until 1882, when it was removed by pressure on the

4745:, was sent to help them. He found only 7711 Zoroastrians in 10728: 10641: 10467: 10457: 10299: 10128: 6502:

Converting Persia: religion and power in the Safavid Empire

4857: 4769:

government from the Persian Zoroastrian Amelioration Fund.

4750: 4709: 4666: 4512: 4403: 4313: 4284: 4011: 2511: 2340: 178: 168: 7171:

Pious Citizens: Reforming Zoroastrianism in India and Iran

6579:"Excarnation and the City: The Tower of Silence in Mumbai" 4798: 6669:

Boyce, Mary (1975), "Iconoclasm among the Zoroastrians",

6625:, vol. II, Cambridge University Press, p. 286, 4326: 6577:

Becci, Irene; Burchardt, Marian; Casanova, Jose (2013),

4956:

Conversion of non-Islamic places of worship into mosques

6972:(2 ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 970, 6366:"Iran Suspends Zoroastrian Member of Yazd City Council" 6305:, "Zoroastrians in Iran: What Future in the Homeland?” 8151:

Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party

7431:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies

7012:, Princeton: Princeton University Press, p. 280, 6820:

Hillenbrand, R, Bearman, P.J.; Bosworth, C.E. (eds.),

6576: 5780: 4222:

Tabarestan remained unconquered until the majority of

3643:

who arrived in the region after its annexation by the

8079:

Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia

7932:

Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction

7272:

A History of the Muslim World: The age of the caliphs

6824:, Encyclopaedia of Islam, Brill Academic Publishers, 6230:. 2007. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. 29 May 2007. 4860:

and became the first Zoroastrian councillor in Iran.

4014:) was a politically independent state, spanning from 7335:

A Comprehensive Commentary on the Quran: Comprising

7080:

The Zoroastrian faith: tradition and modern research

4872: 4385:

and other areas under Samanid control. According to

4173:, whose dynastic predecessors had conquered most of 6869:

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6652:

Zoroastrians, their religious beliefs and practices

5548:

Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam

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However this was considered wrong by the 10263:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 7378:, British Institute of Persian Studies: 129–131, 7100:The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book 7063:(Illustrated ed.), I.B.Tauris, p. 281, 6763: 6244:Desh Pardesh: The South Asian Presence in Britain 6197: 5472:"The History of Zoroastrians After Arab Invasion" 5423:, p. 171, quoting Soleiman ibn-e Abdolmaleck 3631:in the 7th century CE; both during and after the 2475:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 10897: 6598: 6552:(illustrated ed.), AMS Press, p. 416, 5932: 5750: 5093: 9923:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 7134:(Illustrated ed.), ABC-CLIO, p. 376, 7083:, Montreal: McGill-Queen's Press, p. 154, 6583:Topographies of Faith: Religion in Urban Spaces 2119:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 9405:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 7830:Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent 7824:Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire 7174:, Syracuse University Press, pp. 25, 26, 7131:Iran's diverse peoples: a reference sourcebook 6688:Freedom of religion and belief: a world report 4638:A Zoroastrian family in Qajar Iran, circa 1910 1595:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 10418: 8453: 8011:Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc 7818:Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire 7465: 7255: 7036: 6992:(reprint ed.), I.B.Tauris, p. 268, 6898: 6769:Histoire des Perses (History of the Persians) 6691:(2 ed.), Psychology Press, p. 475, 6602:Historia Religionum: Religions of the present 6599:Bleeker, Claas Jouco; Widengren, Geo (1971), 5674: 5616: 5500: 5273: 5180: 4886:was viewed by the Zoroastrian hierarchy as a 4565:who noted that the town was already shown in 4132: 3970: 3596: 2600: 577: 8133:Violence against Hindus in independent India 7032:, Bombay: University of Arizona, p. 446 6952:(reprint ed.), Routledge, p. 364, 6912:Jackson, Abraham Valentine Williams (1906), 5469: 4924:conflict between the Roman Empire and Persia 4905: 4629: 3619:has been recorded throughout the history of 9621:List of people killed for being transgender 8345:Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh 7860:Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent 7297:(2), University of Hawai'i Press: 159–172, 7288: 7037:Meri, Josef W.; Bacharach, Jere L. (2006), 6901:Tarikh-e Tabarestan (History of Tabarestan) 6133: 6131: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6008: 6006: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5994: 5992: 5677:"Religion After the Fall of the Sassanians" 5562: 5186: 5132: 5051: 4581: 4230:and the rest converted to Islam gradually. 1811:List of people killed for being transgender 10486: 10425: 10411: 8460: 8446: 7472: 7458: 7207: 6885: 6862:, Bombay: Captain Print Works, p. 349 6783:Iran: from religious dispute to revolution 6681: 6268: 6208: 6039: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6023: 6021: 5089: 5087: 5039: 4336: 3977: 3963: 3603: 3589: 2607: 2593: 584: 570: 141: 7980:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars 7151:The dance of the rose and the nightingale 7116: 7060:Safavid Iran: rebirth of a Persian empire 7040:Medieval Islamic Civilization: L-Z, index 6985: 6390: 6388: 6386: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6085: 6072: 6070: 5968: 5956: 5840: 5792: 5740: 5738: 5598: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5558: 5556: 5542: 5540: 5380:"History of Zoroastrians in Islamic Iran" 5348: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5063: 5027: 5015: 4356: 4250: 4156: 3729: 3714:who had converted from Zoroastrianism to 3360:Female genital mutilation laws by country 108:Learn how and when to remove this message 8717:Social determinants of health in poverty 7345: 7147: 7096: 7076: 6855: 6835: 6822:Masdjid. 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In the central Islamic lands 6481: 6185: 6173: 6167: 6161: 6128: 6106: 6104: 5989: 5896: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5882: 5768: 5756: 5729: 5704: 5702: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5359: 5357: 5312: 5288: 5284: 5282: 5176: 5174: 5172: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4633: 4470: 885:Social determinants of health in poverty 7944:French Revolutionary dechristianisation 7428: 7414:The History of the Islamic Civilization 6965: 6945: 6911: 6866: 6856:Hodivala, Shahpurshah Hormasji (1920), 6819: 6779: 6744:(1), Taylor & Francis Ltd.: 17–30, 6498: 6477: 6475: 6454: 6436: 6290: 6239: 6149: 6143: 6076: 6061: 6055: 6018: 5979: 5977: 5962: 5944: 5908: 5476:European Centre for Zoroastrian Studies 5192: 5163: 5084: 5078: 5011: 5009: 5000: 4988: 4799:Islamic Republic of Iran (1979-Present) 4449: 10898: 7890:Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain 7365: 7332: 7268: 7250:History of Zoroastrians past Sasanians 7247: 7227: 7167: 7056: 7025: 6922: 6799: 6735: 6715: 6704: 6638: 6618: 6565: 6547: 6460: 6448: 6430: 6424: 6383: 6350:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 6279: 6202: 6137: 6122: 6110: 6095: 6082: 6067: 6049: 5983: 5920: 5874:Iraq: Old Land, New Nation in Conflict 5828: 5816: 5744: 5735: 5587: 5581: 5553: 5537: 5374: 5372: 5336: 5300: 5261: 5249: 5236: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5197: 5157: 5138: 5105: 5074: 5072: 4781:House of Commons of the United Kingdom 4490:written in 1599 by a Parsi priest and 4109: 10406: 8441: 8139:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 7453: 7402: 7127: 7120:Early History of the Parsees in India 7005: 6711:, Adam and Charles Black, p. 594 6668: 6648: 6529: 6518: 6466: 6442: 6179: 6155: 6101: 6012: 5879: 5852: 5717: 5699: 5663: 5610: 5604: 5568: 5506: 5463: 5426: 5420: 5408: 5363: 5354: 5324: 5318: 5279: 5203: 5169: 5151: 5126: 5057: 5033: 5021: 4973: 4773:The Zoroastrian Trust Funds of Europe 4735: 4591:export, for example, was well known. 4454: 10387: 9427:Capital punishment for homosexuality 8722:Social determinants of mental health 7341:, K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & co. 7187: 7077:Nigosian, Solomon Alexander (1993), 6918:, The Macmillan Company, p. 471 6605:, vol. II, Brill, p. 715, 6472: 5974: 5804: 5781:Becci, Burchardt & Casanova 2013 5723: 5711: 5521:Vol. 52, No. 2 (April 2002), pp. 163 5109:Jews and Arabs in pre-Islamic Arabia 5045: 5006: 1617:Capital punishment for homosexuality 890:Social determinants of mental health 46:adding citations to reliable sources 17: 9547:Genital modification and mutilation 8283:Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War 8233:Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh 8145:Jewish exodus from the Muslim world 7938:Christianization of the Sámi people 7333:Wherry, Rev. Elwood Morris (1896), 7234:, vol. VI, T. & T. Clark, 7231:Encyclopædia of religion and ethics 7117:Paymaster, Rustom Burjorji (1954), 6572:, A. Constable and co., p. 388 5494: 5369: 5306: 5209: 5069: 4994: 4856:was elected to the city council of 4783:on the issue of the persecution of 4118:, who was slain in 651 after being 3989: 1737:Genital modification and mutilation 506:Zoroastrianism in the United States 13: 10432: 8467: 7422: 7411: 6932:, vol. I, Macmillan and co., 6867:Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1936), 6566:Arnold, Sir Thomas Walker (1896), 6525:, National Pub. 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II 5106:Lecker, Michael (January 1998). 4951:Qissa-i Sanjan (Story of Sanjan) 4575:Qissa-i-Sanjan (Story of Sanjan) 3683:, where they were given refuge. 2230:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 2059:Law for Protection of the Nation 1953:White genocide conspiracy theory 615: 553: 22: 9868:MSM blood donation restrictions 9616:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 8399:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel 8369:Persecution of Uyghurs in China 7264:] (in Persian) (3 ed.) 7191:Zoroastrianism: An Introduction 6780:Fischer, Michael M. J. (2003), 6775:] (in French), vol. II 6491: 6415: 6406: 6397: 6358: 6312: 6296: 6284: 6273: 6262: 6233: 6214: 6191: 6116: 5950: 5938: 5926: 5914: 5902: 5867: 5858: 5846: 5834: 5822: 5810: 5798: 5786: 5774: 5762: 5638: 5524: 5441:"Tabarestan Remains Invincible" 5414: 5402: 5342: 5330: 5294: 5267: 5255: 5099: 3686:A large number of Zoroastrians 3647:are recorded to have destroyed 2064:MSM blood donation restrictions 1806:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 33:needs additional citations for 9881:(as religious or racial quota) 8387:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings 8357:Genocide of Christians by ISIL 8091:Communist Romanian persecution 7258:Tavalodī Dīgar (Another Birth) 6969:A history of Islamic societies 4475:A Parsi wedding portrait, 1948 4321:communities in places such as 3550:Christian countercult movement 3459:Oriental Orthodox Christianity 2668:Separation of church and state 2077:(as religious or racial quota) 1: 10295:Second-generation gender bias 10011:Constitutional colorblindness 8712:Social determinants of health 8405:2024 Istanbul church shooting 8381:Christchurch mosque shootings 8169:Religious violence in Nigeria 8163:Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria 7405:The Cambridge history of Iran 7026:Maneck, Susan Stiles (1997), 6531:al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir 4966: 4847:Esfandiar Ekhtiari Kassnavieh 4822:and replaced it with one of 4787:. On the six occasions, Shah 3454:Eastern Orthodox Christianity 3395:Traditional African religions 2507:Second-generation gender bias 2215:Constitutional colorblindness 880:Social determinants of health 57:"Persecution of Zoroastrians" 8295:War crimes in the Kosovo War 8085:Communist Polish persecution 7956:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war 7884:Crusades against schismatics 7352:, Brill, pp. 205, 206, 7211:Religious minorities in Iran 7194:, I.B. Tauris, p. 194, 6966:Lapidus, Ira Marvin (2002), 6716:Choksy, Jamsheed K. (1997), 6677:, J. Neusner, Leiden: 93–111 6499:Abisaab, Rula Jurdi (2004), 5933:Bleeker & Widengren 1971 5094:Bleeker & Widengren 1971 4914:, Zoroastrians living under 3828:Pre-Islamic Arabian religion 3350:Apostasy in Islam by country 7: 10206:Medical model of disability 10058:Hate speech laws by country 6946:Lambton, Ann K. S. (1981), 6708:A year amongst the Persians 6505:, I.B.Tauris, p. 243, 4929: 4393:at the time. The historian 3673:many Zoroastrians fled east 3617:persecution of Zoroastrians 3370:Religious male circumcision 2418:Medical model of disability 2262:Hate speech laws by country 536:Criticism of Zoroastrianism 516:Persecution of Zoroastrians 10: 10932: 10315:Social model of disability 8767:Discrimination against men 7168:Ringer, Monica M. (2011), 7057:Newman, Andrew J. (2006), 6836:Hinnells, John R. (1996), 5876:. William Spencer, p. 51. 5384:FEZANA Religious Education 4876: 4464: 4458: 4175:the last Zoroastrian state 4136: 4133:Rashidun Caliphs (642–661) 4045:, Zoroastrians were given 3999: 3993: 2527:Social model of disability 935:Discrimination against men 10877: 10856: 10793: 10737: 10711: 10650: 10531: 10495: 10484: 10440: 10372: 10111: 9988: 9781: 9668:Opposition to immigration 9392: 9022: 8859: 8619: 8569:Race / Ethnicity 8506: 8475: 8419: 8327:South Thailand insurgency 8303:Walisongo school massacre 8271:Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus 7920:Expulsion of the Moriscos 7896:European wars of religion 7810: 7654: 7491: 7443:10.1017/S0041977X22000313 7339:and Preliminary Discourse 7208:Sanasarian, Eliz (2000), 7097:Stillman, Norman (1979), 6986:Khanbaghi, Aptin (2006), 6750:10.1080/00210868708701689 5181:Meri & Bacharach 2006 4906:Persecution by Christians 4630:Qajar Dynasty (1796–1925) 4069:, as well as in and near 4043:Muslim conquest of Persia 3355:Blasphemy laws by country 1858:Opposition to immigration 729:Race / Ethnicity 10574:101 Names of Ahura Mazda 9663:Occupational segregation 9432:Compulsory sterilization 7717:Extrajudicial punishment 7291:Philosophy East and West 7269:Spuler, Bertold (1994), 7148:Ramazani, Nesta (2002), 7128:Price, Massoume (2005), 6859:Studies in Parsi History 6800:Gordon, Matthew (2005), 6685:; Sheen, Juliet (1997), 5519:Philosophy East and West 4648:Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar 4582:The Safavids (1502–1747) 3710:, which was composed of 2790:Central African Republic 2643:Religious discrimination 1853:Occupational segregation 1622:Compulsory sterilization 289:101 Names of Ahura Mazda 10765:Three Persian religions 10191:Internalized oppression 10053:Fighting Discrimination 10043:Fat acceptance movement 10001:Anti-discrimination law 9641:Native American mascots 8410:Crocus City Hall attack 8157:Persecution of Tibetans 7914:French Wars of Religion 7836:Yellow Turban Rebellion 7366:Writer, Rashna (1989), 7346:Williams, Alan (2009), 7006:Lewis, Bernard (1984), 6924:Karaka, Dosabhai Framji 6773:History of the Persians 6457:, p. 432, Volume 2 6240:Ballard, Roger (1994). 6227:Encyclopædia Britannica 5550:(May 2010), pp. 110–111 5112:. Ashgate. p. 20. 4991:, p. 100, Volume 2 4829:However, just like the 4789:Naser al-Din Shah Qajar 4337:The Saffarids (869–903) 3545:New religious movements 3291:Palestinian territories 2403:Internalized oppression 2257:Fighting Discrimination 2247:Fat acceptance movement 2205:Anti-discrimination law 1831:Native American mascots 10916:Persecution by Muslims 10310:Social identity threat 10283:Reverse discrimination 10273:Racial color blindness 9753:Violence against women 9733:Sex-selective abortion 8363:Iraqi Turkmen genocide 8339:Maspero demonstrations 8187:Huế Phật Đản shootings 6899:Ibn Esfandiar (1941), 6198:Comte de Gobineau 1869 5517:Marietta Stepaniants, 4946:Zoroastrianism in Iran 4743:Maneckji Limji Hataria 4639: 4601:Muhammad Baqir Majlisi 4476: 4436: 4357:The Samanids (819–999) 4251:The Abbasids (752–804) 4157:The Umayyads (661–750) 4002:Early history of Islam 3996:Early Muslim conquests 3730:Persecution by Muslims 3538:Religious antisemitism 2522:Social identity threat 2495:Reverse discrimination 2485:Racial color blindness 1943:Violence against women 1923:Sex-selective abortion 254:Zoroastrian literature 10869:Fire temples in India 10532:Scripture and worship 10278:Religious intolerance 10238:Political correctness 10068:Intersex human rights 10016:Cultural assimilation 9698:Religious persecution 9462:Disability hate crime 9237:Jewish / Antisemitism 8333:Boko Haram insurgency 7992:Pontic Greek genocide 7902:Ottoman–Habsburg wars 7712:Extrajudicial killing 7481:Religious persecution 7303:10.1353/pew.2002.0030 6905:History of Tabarestan 6585:, Brill, p. 75, 6519:Akram, A. I. (1970), 4877:Further information: 4777:Mancherjee Bhownagree 4637: 4474: 4399: 4259:were followed by the 4000:Further information: 3639:and sparse violence. 3387:Religious persecution 2490:Religious intolerance 2450:Political correctness 2272:Intersex human rights 2220:Cultural assimilation 1888:Religious persecution 1652:Disability hate crime 1419:Jewish / Antisemitism 541:Zoroastrian cosmology 491:Zoroastrians in India 247:Scripture and worship 10864:Fire temples in Iran 10651:Accounts and legends 9683:Political repression 8672:Anti-left handedness 8662:Anti-intellectualism 8315:September 11 attacks 8251:1984 anti-Sikh riots 8115:Rawalpindi massacres 8061:White Terror (Spain) 7872:Massacre at Ayyadieh 7757:Population cleansing 7248:Shahmardan, Rashid, 7188:Rose, Jenny (2011), 6892:Epic of the Persians 6649:Boyce, Mary (2001), 5650:Encyclopedia Iranica 5646:"Abdollah ibn Tahir" 5222:"Under Persian rule" 4845:, currently held by 4785:Zoroastrians in Iran 4450:10th to 20th century 4297:(ritually unclean). 4080:Thomas Walker Arnold 3916:Religious conversion 2648:Religious censorship 1873:Political repression 840:Anti-left handedness 830:Anti-intellectualism 496:Zoroastrians in Iran 362:Accounts and legends 42:improve this article 10911:Anti-Zoroastrianism 10738:History and culture 10579:Udvada Atash Behram 10186:Historical eugenics 9723:Segregation academy 9703:Religious terrorism 9492:Enemy of the people 9400:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 8904:Jehovah's Witnesses 8792:Perpetual foreigner 8227:Bangladesh genocide 8207:Cultural Revolution 8199:Xá Lợi Pagoda raids 7962:Circassian genocide 7848:Rhineland massacres 7762:Population transfer 7727:Forced displacement 7536:Jehovah's Witnesses 7256:Shojaeddin Shaffa, 6886:Ibn Balkhi (1934), 6642:Last empire of Iran 6332:on 16 November 2015 6309:65/1 (2011): 73-84. 6307:Middle East Journal 5675:Dr. Rustom Kevala. 5626:. iranicaonline.org 4499:in the province of 4444:Indian subcontinent 4110:642 to 10th century 4090:under the names of 3748:Abrahamic religions 3740:and other religions 3649:Zoroastrian temples 2658:Religious pluralism 2623:Freedom of religion 2398:Historical eugenics 1913:Segregation academy 1893:Religious terrorism 1682:Enemy of the people 1590:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 1080:Jehovah's Witnesses 960:Perpetual foreigner 560:Religion portal 412:History and culture 10668:Book of Arda Viraf 10597:Cypress of Kashmar 10098:Social integration 10093:Self-determination 10083:Racial integration 10031:Diversity training 10021:Cultural pluralism 9996:Affirmative action 9896:Racial segregation 9806:Crime of apartheid 9708:Religious violence 9201:Indigenous people 8596:Sexual orientation 8321:2002 Gujarat riots 8245:Cambodian genocide 8239:Lebanese Civil War 8017:Soviet persecution 7854:Jerusalem massacre 7767:Sectarian violence 7752:Political violence 7403:Yarshater, Ehsan, 7337:Sale's Translation 6907:] (in Persian) 6894:] (in Persian) 6370:The New York Times 5771:, pp. 205–206 5687:on 7 February 2015 5501:Ibn Esfandiar 1941 5470:Daryush Jahanian. 5451:on 25 January 2018 5252:, pp. 170–180 4961:History of Bukhara 4843:Iranian Parliament 4805:Islamic Revolution 4736:Emissaries to Iran 4640: 4501:(greater) Khorasan 4477: 4467:Parsi–Muslim riots 4455:Migration to India 4303:Abdollah-ibn-Tahir 4277:People of the Book 4146:People of the Book 4139:Rashidun Caliphate 4120:defeated in battle 3724:Iranian Intermezzo 3688:converted to Islam 3645:Rashidun Caliphate 3637:forced conversions 2713:Confessional state 2302:Social integration 2297:Self-determination 2287:Racial integration 2235:Diversity training 2225:Cultural pluralism 2200:Affirmative action 2092:Racial segregation 2002:Crime of apartheid 1898:Religious violence 1383:Indigenous people 756:Sexual orientation 379:Book of Arda Viraf 309:Cypress of Kashmar 10893: 10892: 10400: 10399: 10268:Racism by country 10196:Intersectionality 10181:Heteronormativity 9980:Voter suppression 9728:Sexual harassment 9527:Forced conversion 9447:Cultural genocide 9100:African Americans 8914:post–Cold War era 8899:Eastern Orthodoxy 8657:Anti-drug addicts 8652:Anti-homelessness 8579:Scientific racism 8435: 8434: 8375:Rohingya genocide 8103:Direct Action Day 8055:Šahovići massacre 8005:Armenian genocide 7999:Assyrian genocide 7886:(13th–15th cent.) 7880:(12th–16th cent.) 7878:Northern Crusades 7722:Forced conversion 7672:Cultural genocide 7667:Communal violence 7546:post–Cold War era 7531:Eastern Orthodoxy 7412:Zeidan, Georgie, 7009:The Jews of Islam 6803:The rise of Islam 6765:Comte de Gobineau 5274:Shojaeddin Shaffa 4714:Comte de Gobineau 4515:, in present-day 4226:migrated towards 4197:was derived from 3987: 3986: 3613: 3612: 3449:Jehovah's Witness 3425:post–Cold War era 3377: 3376: 2732:Status by country 2653:Religious liberty 2617: 2616: 2480:Racism by country 2408:Intersectionality 2393:Heteronormativity 2176:Voter suppression 1918:Sexual harassment 1717:Forced conversion 1637:Cultural genocide 1282:African Americans 1090:post–Cold War era 1075:Eastern Orthodoxy 825:Anti-drug addicts 820:Anti-homelessness 739:Scientific racism 594: 593: 118: 117: 110: 92: 10923: 10906:Forced migration 10883: 10882: 10848:in United States 10584:Adur Burzen-Mihr 10490: 10427: 10420: 10413: 10404: 10403: 10390: 10389: 10380: 10379: 10320:Social privilege 10305:Social exclusion 10233:Police brutality 10154:Multiculturalism 10124:Amatonormativity 9955:Social exclusion 9791:Age of candidacy 9591:Homeless dumping 9497:Ethnic cleansing 8462: 8455: 8448: 8439: 8438: 8427: 8426: 8393:2020 Delhi riots 8309:Kosheh massacres 8289:Bosnian genocide 8109:1946 Bihar riots 7772:Social cleansing 7697:Ethnic cleansing 7474: 7467: 7460: 7451: 7450: 7446: 7417: 7408: 7399: 7398:on 29 April 2007 7394:, archived from 7368:"Parsi Identity" 7362: 7342: 7329: 7285: 7265: 7252: 7244: 7224: 7204: 7184: 7164: 7144: 7124: 7113: 7093: 7073: 7053: 7033: 7022: 7002: 6982: 6962: 6942: 6919: 6908: 6895: 6882: 6863: 6852: 6832: 6816: 6796: 6776: 6760: 6732: 6712: 6701: 6678: 6665: 6645: 6635: 6615: 6595: 6573: 6562: 6544: 6535:Tarikh al-Tabari 6526: 6515: 6485: 6479: 6470: 6464: 6458: 6452: 6446: 6440: 6434: 6428: 6422: 6419: 6413: 6410: 6404: 6401: 6395: 6392: 6381: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6362: 6356: 6355: 6349: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6331: 6325:. Archived from 6324: 6316: 6310: 6300: 6294: 6288: 6282: 6277: 6271: 6266: 6260: 6259: 6247: 6237: 6231: 6218: 6212: 6206: 6200: 6195: 6189: 6183: 6177: 6176:, pp. 38–39 6171: 6165: 6159: 6153: 6147: 6141: 6135: 6126: 6120: 6114: 6108: 6099: 6093: 6080: 6074: 6065: 6059: 6053: 6047: 6016: 6010: 5987: 5981: 5972: 5966: 5960: 5954: 5948: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5924: 5918: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5894: 5877: 5871: 5865: 5862: 5856: 5850: 5844: 5838: 5832: 5826: 5820: 5814: 5808: 5802: 5796: 5790: 5784: 5778: 5772: 5766: 5760: 5754: 5748: 5747:, pp. 25–26 5742: 5733: 5727: 5721: 5715: 5709: 5706: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5683:. Archived from 5672: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5656: 5642: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5620: 5614: 5608: 5602: 5596: 5585: 5579: 5566: 5563:Stepaniants 2002 5560: 5551: 5546:Fred M. Donner, 5544: 5535: 5528: 5522: 5515: 5504: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5482:on 14 April 2009 5478:. Archived from 5467: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5447:. Archived from 5437: 5424: 5418: 5412: 5406: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5386:. Archived from 5376: 5367: 5361: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5334: 5328: 5322: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5298: 5292: 5286: 5277: 5271: 5265: 5264:, pp. 28–30 5259: 5253: 5247: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5218: 5207: 5201: 5195: 5190: 5184: 5178: 5167: 5161: 5155: 5149: 5136: 5133:Stepaniants 2002 5130: 5124: 5123: 5103: 5097: 5091: 5082: 5076: 5067: 5061: 5055: 5052:Stepaniants 2002 5049: 5043: 5037: 5031: 5025: 5019: 5013: 5004: 4998: 4992: 4986: 4761:was paid by the 4610:The accounts in 4505:Sanjan (Gujarat) 4482:island of Hormuz 4167:Rashidun Caliphs 4024:Sassanian empire 3990:Islamic conquest 3979: 3972: 3965: 3749: 3734: 3733: 3720:Persian language 3625:Iranian religion 3605: 3598: 3591: 2737: 2736: 2673:Anti-clericalism 2619: 2618: 2609: 2602: 2595: 2532:Social privilege 2517:Social exclusion 2445:Police brutality 2366:Multiculturalism 2336:Amatonormativity 2151:Social exclusion 1987:Age of candidacy 1781:Homeless dumping 1687:Ethnic cleansing 619: 596: 595: 586: 579: 572: 558: 557: 294:Adur Burzen-Mihr 145: 122: 121: 113: 106: 102: 99: 93: 91: 50: 26: 18: 10931: 10930: 10926: 10925: 10924: 10922: 10921: 10920: 10896: 10895: 10894: 10889: 10873: 10852: 10789: 10733: 10707: 10678:Story of Sanjan 10646: 10527: 10496:Divine entities 10491: 10482: 10436: 10431: 10401: 10396: 10368: 10243:Polyculturalism 10139:Civil liberties 10107: 10088:Reappropriation 9989:Countermeasures 9984: 9913:Racial steering 9879:Numerus clausus 9783: 9777: 9502:Ethnic conflict 9437:Corrective rape 9388: 9018: 8973:minority Muslim 8855: 8747:HIV/AIDS stigma 8615: 8564:Mental disorder 8502: 8471: 8466: 8436: 8431: 8421: 8415: 8351:Yazidi genocide 8257:Revival Process 8193:Thích Quảng Đức 8181:Buddhist crisis 8175:Istanbul pogrom 8043:1970–1987 8038:1958–1964 8033:1928–1941 8028:1921–1928 8023:1917–1921 7908:Goa Inquisition 7842:Battle of Tours 7832:(c.550–c. 1200) 7826:(c. 324–c. 491) 7806: 7707:Ethnic violence 7702:Ethnic conflict 7650: 7649: 7648: 7605:minority Muslim 7487: 7478: 7425: 7423:Further reading 7420: 7416:, vol. III 7384:10.2307/4299826 7360: 7283: 7242: 7222: 7202: 7182: 7162: 7142: 7111: 7091: 7071: 7051: 7020: 7000: 6980: 6960: 6940: 6881:, 9789004097964 6879: 6850: 6814: 6794: 6738:Iranian Studies 6730: 6699: 6663: 6633: 6613: 6593: 6560: 6513: 6494: 6489: 6488: 6480: 6473: 6465: 6461: 6453: 6449: 6441: 6437: 6429: 6425: 6420: 6416: 6411: 6407: 6402: 6398: 6393: 6384: 6375: 6373: 6364: 6363: 6359: 6343: 6342: 6335: 6333: 6329: 6322: 6320:"Archived copy" 6318: 6317: 6313: 6301: 6297: 6289: 6285: 6278: 6274: 6269:Sanasarian 2000 6267: 6263: 6256: 6238: 6234: 6219: 6215: 6209:Sanasarian 2000 6207: 6203: 6196: 6192: 6184: 6180: 6172: 6168: 6160: 6156: 6148: 6144: 6136: 6129: 6121: 6117: 6109: 6102: 6094: 6083: 6075: 6068: 6060: 6056: 6048: 6019: 6011: 5990: 5982: 5975: 5967: 5963: 5955: 5951: 5943: 5939: 5931: 5927: 5919: 5915: 5907: 5903: 5895: 5880: 5872: 5868: 5863: 5859: 5851: 5847: 5839: 5835: 5827: 5823: 5815: 5811: 5803: 5799: 5791: 5787: 5779: 5775: 5767: 5763: 5755: 5751: 5743: 5736: 5728: 5724: 5716: 5712: 5707: 5700: 5690: 5688: 5673: 5664: 5654: 5652: 5644: 5643: 5639: 5629: 5627: 5622: 5621: 5617: 5609: 5605: 5597: 5588: 5580: 5569: 5561: 5554: 5545: 5538: 5529: 5525: 5516: 5507: 5499: 5495: 5485: 5483: 5468: 5464: 5454: 5452: 5445:Iranian History 5439: 5438: 5427: 5419: 5415: 5407: 5403: 5393: 5391: 5378: 5377: 5370: 5362: 5355: 5347: 5343: 5335: 5331: 5323: 5319: 5311: 5307: 5299: 5295: 5287: 5280: 5272: 5268: 5260: 5256: 5248: 5237: 5227: 5225: 5220: 5219: 5210: 5202: 5198: 5191: 5187: 5179: 5170: 5162: 5158: 5150: 5139: 5131: 5127: 5120: 5104: 5100: 5092: 5085: 5077: 5070: 5062: 5058: 5050: 5046: 5040:Sanasarian 2000 5038: 5034: 5026: 5022: 5014: 5007: 4999: 4995: 4987: 4974: 4969: 4941:Iranis of India 4936:Parsis of India 4932: 4908: 4881: 4875: 4866: 4864:Alternate views 4801: 4738: 4669:. According to 4632: 4584: 4469: 4463: 4457: 4452: 4442:and Sin of the 4359: 4339: 4312:who flogged an 4261:Abbasid dynasty 4253: 4187:Salaman-I-Farsi 4171:Umayyad Caliphs 4159: 4141: 4135: 4112: 4004: 3998: 3992: 3983: 3954: 3823:Pagan Sabianism 3800:Other religions 3747: 3739: 3732: 3609: 3579:Religion portal 3573: 3572: 3571: 3437:Catholic Church 3389: 3379: 3378: 3183:North Macedonia 3148:Northern Cyprus 2955:Northern Cyprus 2734: 2724: 2723: 2722: 2698: 2697: 2688:Confessionalism 2632: 2613: 2584: 2583: 2582: 2581: 2580: 2455:Polyculturalism 2351:Civil liberties 2323: 2315: 2314: 2313: 2312: 2311: 2292:Reappropriation 2192: 2191:Countermeasures 2184: 2183: 2182: 2181: 2180: 2109:Racial steering 2075:Numerus clausus 1979: 1971: 1970: 1969: 1968: 1967: 1692:Ethnic conflict 1627:Corrective rape 1582: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1571: 1570: 1207: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1149:minority Muslim 1037: 1027: 1026: 1025: 1024: 1023: 915:HIV/AIDS stigma 787: 779: 778: 777: 776: 775: 724:Mental disorder 666: 658: 657: 656: 655: 654: 627: 590: 552: 547: 546: 545: 530: 522: 521: 520: 485: 477: 476: 475: 434: 433: 413: 405: 404: 403: 389:Story of Sanjan 363: 355: 354: 353: 248: 240: 239: 238: 203: 202:Divine entities 195: 194: 193: 153: 114: 103: 97: 94: 51: 49: 39: 27: 12: 11: 5: 10929: 10919: 10918: 10913: 10908: 10891: 10890: 10878: 10875: 10874: 10872: 10871: 10866: 10860: 10858: 10854: 10853: 10851: 10850: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10830: 10829: 10828: 10823: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10797: 10795: 10791: 10790: 10788: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10762: 10757: 10752: 10747: 10741: 10739: 10735: 10734: 10732: 10731: 10726: 10721: 10715: 10713: 10709: 10708: 10706: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10683:Chinvat Bridge 10680: 10675: 10673:Book of Jamasp 10670: 10665: 10660: 10654: 10652: 10648: 10647: 10645: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10622:Khordeh Avesta 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10589: 10586: 10581: 10576: 10571: 10566: 10564:Airyaman ishya 10561: 10556: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10535: 10533: 10529: 10528: 10526: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10503:Amesha Spentas 10499: 10497: 10493: 10492: 10485: 10483: 10481: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10444: 10442: 10441:Primary topics 10438: 10437: 10434:Zoroastrianism 10430: 10429: 10422: 10415: 10407: 10398: 10397: 10395: 10394: 10384: 10373: 10370: 10369: 10367: 10366: 10361: 10360: 10359: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10338: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10291: 10290: 10288:Reverse racism 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10258:Prisoner abuse 10255: 10250: 10248:Power distance 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10214: 10213: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10166:Ethnic penalty 10163: 10162: 10161: 10159:Neurodiversity 10156: 10146: 10144:Dehumanization 10141: 10136: 10134:Cisnormativity 10131: 10126: 10121: 10115: 10113: 10112:Related topics 10109: 10108: 10106: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10034: 10033: 10023: 10018: 10013: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9992: 9990: 9986: 9985: 9983: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9970:State religion 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9951: 9950: 9945: 9940: 9935: 9925: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9909: 9908: 9906:Nuremberg Laws 9903: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9875: 9870: 9865: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9848:Ghetto benches 9845: 9843:Gerrymandering 9840: 9835: 9830: 9828:Gender pay gap 9825: 9824: 9823: 9818: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9787: 9785: 9782:Discriminatory 9779: 9778: 9776: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9659: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9611:Lavender scare 9608: 9606:Kill Haole Day 9603: 9601:Indian rolling 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9577: 9576: 9566: 9561: 9560: 9559: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9487:Eliminationism 9484: 9479: 9474: 9469: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9422:Cancel culture 9419: 9414: 9409: 9408: 9407: 9396: 9394: 9393:Manifestations 9390: 9389: 9387: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9279:Middle Eastern 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9245: 9244: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9218: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9199: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9113: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9081: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9029: 9027: 9020: 9019: 9017: 9016: 9014:Zoroastrianism 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8990: 8989: 8979: 8978: 8977: 8976: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8940: 8939: 8938: 8936:Untouchability 8933: 8923: 8918: 8917: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8865: 8863: 8857: 8856: 8854: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8842: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8821: 8820: 8819: 8814: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8757:Leprosy stigma 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8623: 8621: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8582: 8581: 8576: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8510: 8508: 8504: 8503: 8501: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8479: 8477: 8473: 8472: 8469:Discrimination 8465: 8464: 8457: 8450: 8442: 8433: 8432: 8420: 8417: 8416: 8414: 8413: 8407: 8402: 8396: 8390: 8384: 8378: 8377:(2016–ongoing) 8372: 8371:(2014–ongoing) 8366: 8360: 8359:(2014–ongoing) 8354: 8348: 8342: 8336: 8335:(2009–ongoing) 8330: 8329:(2004–ongoing) 8324: 8318: 8312: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8298: 8292: 8286: 8274: 8268: 8267: 8266: 8254: 8248: 8242: 8236: 8235:(1971–ongoing) 8230: 8224: 8223: 8222: 8216: 8204: 8203: 8202: 8196: 8190: 8178: 8172: 8171:(1953–ongoing) 8166: 8160: 8159:(1950–ongoing) 8154: 8153:(1949–ongoing) 8148: 8142: 8136: 8135:(1947–ongoing) 8130: 8129:(1947–ongoing) 8124: 8123:(1947–ongoing) 8118: 8112: 8106: 8100: 8097:Noakhali riots 8094: 8088: 8082: 8076: 8070: 8064: 8058: 8052: 8051: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8014: 8008: 8002: 7996: 7995: 7994: 7986:Greek genocide 7983: 7977: 7974:Adana massacre 7971: 7965: 7959: 7953: 7947: 7941: 7935: 7929: 7923: 7917: 7911: 7905: 7899: 7893: 7887: 7881: 7875: 7869: 7863: 7857: 7851: 7845: 7839: 7838:(c.184–c. 205) 7833: 7827: 7821: 7814: 7812: 7808: 7807: 7805: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7787:State religion 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7692:Discrimination 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7658: 7656: 7652: 7651: 7647: 7646: 7645:Zoroastrianism 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7622: 7621: 7611: 7610: 7609: 7608: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7572: 7571: 7570: 7568:Untouchability 7565: 7555: 7550: 7549: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7497: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7489: 7488: 7485:discrimination 7477: 7476: 7469: 7462: 7454: 7448: 7447: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7418: 7409: 7400: 7363: 7359:978-9047430421 7358: 7343: 7330: 7286: 7281: 7266: 7253: 7245: 7240: 7225: 7220: 7205: 7201:978-1848850880 7200: 7185: 7181:978-0815650607 7180: 7165: 7160: 7145: 7140: 7125: 7114: 7109: 7094: 7089: 7074: 7069: 7054: 7049: 7034: 7023: 7018: 7003: 6998: 6983: 6978: 6963: 6958: 6943: 6938: 6920: 6909: 6896: 6883: 6877: 6864: 6853: 6848: 6833: 6817: 6812: 6797: 6792: 6777: 6761: 6733: 6728: 6713: 6702: 6697: 6679: 6666: 6661: 6646: 6636: 6631: 6616: 6611: 6596: 6592:978-9004249073 6591: 6574: 6563: 6558: 6545: 6527: 6516: 6511: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6471: 6459: 6447: 6445:, p. 1022 6435: 6423: 6414: 6405: 6396: 6382: 6357: 6311: 6295: 6283: 6272: 6261: 6254: 6232: 6213: 6201: 6190: 6178: 6166: 6154: 6142: 6127: 6115: 6100: 6081: 6066: 6054: 6017: 5988: 5973: 5969:Khanbaghi 2006 5961: 5957:Khanbaghi 2006 5949: 5937: 5925: 5913: 5901: 5878: 5866: 5857: 5845: 5843:, pp. 2–3 5841:Paymaster 1954 5833: 5821: 5809: 5797: 5793:Paymaster 1954 5785: 5773: 5761: 5749: 5734: 5722: 5710: 5698: 5662: 5637: 5615: 5603: 5599:Khanbaghi 2006 5586: 5567: 5552: 5536: 5523: 5505: 5493: 5462: 5425: 5413: 5401: 5368: 5353: 5349:Khanbaghi 2006 5341: 5329: 5317: 5305: 5293: 5278: 5266: 5254: 5235: 5208: 5196: 5185: 5168: 5156: 5137: 5125: 5118: 5098: 5083: 5068: 5064:Khanbaghi 2006 5056: 5044: 5032: 5028:Khanbaghi 2006 5020: 5016:Khanbaghi 2006 5005: 4993: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4931: 4928: 4907: 4904: 4874: 4871: 4865: 4862: 4854:Sepanta Niknam 4839:Persian Jewish 4800: 4797: 4737: 4734: 4663:A.V.W. Jackson 4631: 4628: 4583: 4580: 4524:Qissa-i Sanjan 4497:Fort of Sanjan 4487:Qissa-i Sanjan 4459:Main article: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4438:He also added 4387:Al-Shahrastani 4358: 4355: 4351:Persian Empire 4338: 4335: 4252: 4249: 4158: 4155: 4137:Main article: 4134: 4131: 4111: 4108: 3994:Main article: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3981: 3974: 3967: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3952: 3947: 3941: 3938: 3937: 3936: 3935: 3934: 3933: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3902: 3901: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3853: 3852: 3848: 3847: 3846: 3845: 3843:Zoroastrianism 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3796: 3795: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3783: 3782: 3781: 3780: 3770: 3760: 3752: 3751: 3743: 3742: 3731: 3728: 3708:Samanid Empire 3702:and study the 3696:Islamic school 3621:Zoroastrianism 3611: 3610: 3608: 3607: 3600: 3593: 3585: 3582: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3569: 3567:Zoroastrianism 3564: 3559: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3542: 3541: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3520: 3519: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3483: 3473: 3468: 3467: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3440: 3439: 3429: 3428: 3427: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3385: 3384: 3381: 3380: 3375: 3374: 3373: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3338: 3337: 3336: 3328: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3240: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3231: 3230: 3228:United Kingdom 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3092: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3083: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2904: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2895: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2851: 2850: 2840: 2839: 2838: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2744: 2743: 2735: 2730: 2729: 2726: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2703:State religion 2699: 2696: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2615: 2614: 2612: 2611: 2604: 2597: 2589: 2586: 2585: 2579: 2578: 2573: 2572: 2571: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2550: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2503: 2502: 2500:Reverse racism 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2470:Prisoner abuse 2467: 2462: 2460:Power distance 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2426: 2425: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2378:Ethnic penalty 2375: 2374: 2373: 2371:Neurodiversity 2368: 2358: 2356:Dehumanization 2353: 2348: 2346:Cisnormativity 2343: 2338: 2333: 2327: 2326: 2325: 2324: 2322:Related topics 2321: 2320: 2317: 2316: 2310: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2238: 2237: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2186: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2166:State religion 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2147: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2105: 2104: 2102:Nuremberg Laws 2099: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2044:Ghetto benches 2041: 2039:Gerrymandering 2036: 2031: 2026: 2024:Gender pay gap 2021: 2020: 2019: 2014: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1981: 1980: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1966: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1849: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1801:Lavender scare 1798: 1796:Kill Haole Day 1793: 1791:Indian rolling 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1767: 1766: 1756: 1751: 1750: 1749: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1677:Eliminationism 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1612:Cancel culture 1609: 1604: 1599: 1598: 1597: 1586: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1581:Manifestations 1580: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1461:Middle Eastern 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1211: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1191: 1190: 1189:Zoroastrianism 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1116: 1115: 1114: 1112:Untouchability 1109: 1099: 1094: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1022: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1004: 999: 989: 988: 987: 982: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 925:Leprosy stigma 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 791: 790: 789: 788: 785: 784: 781: 780: 774: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 742: 741: 736: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 670: 669: 668: 667: 664: 663: 660: 659: 653: 652: 647: 642: 637: 631: 630: 629: 628: 625: 624: 621: 620: 612: 611: 609:Discrimination 605: 604: 592: 591: 589: 588: 581: 574: 566: 563: 562: 549: 548: 544: 543: 538: 532: 531: 529:Related topics 528: 527: 524: 523: 519: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 487: 486: 483: 482: 479: 478: 474: 473: 468: 463: 462: 461: 456: 446: 441: 435: 432: 431: 426: 421: 415: 414: 411: 410: 407: 406: 402: 401: 396: 394:Chinvat Bridge 391: 386: 384:Book of Jamasp 381: 376: 371: 365: 364: 361: 360: 357: 356: 352: 351: 346: 341: 339:Khordeh Avesta 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 279:Airyaman ishya 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 250: 249: 246: 245: 242: 241: 237: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 209:Amesha Spentas 205: 204: 201: 200: 197: 196: 192: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 155: 154: 152:Primary topics 151: 150: 147: 146: 138: 137: 135:Zoroastrianism 131: 130: 116: 115: 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10928: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10903: 10901: 10888: 10887: 10876: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10861: 10859: 10855: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10819: 10818: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10811:in Azerbaijan 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10798: 10796: 10792: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10742: 10740: 10736: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10720: 10717: 10716: 10714: 10710: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10655: 10653: 10649: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10592:Adur Gushnasp 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10536: 10534: 10530: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10500: 10498: 10494: 10489: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10445: 10443: 10439: 10435: 10428: 10423: 10421: 10416: 10414: 10409: 10408: 10405: 10393: 10385: 10383: 10375: 10374: 10371: 10365: 10362: 10358: 10355: 10354: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10342:Social stigma 10340: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10322: 10321: 10318: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10289: 10286: 10285: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10212: 10209: 10208: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10151: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10116: 10114: 10110: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10032: 10029: 10028: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9993: 9991: 9987: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9965:State atheism 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9930: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9901:Jim Crow laws 9899: 9898: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9886:One-drop rule 9884: 9882: 9880: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9813: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9801:Blood quantum 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9788: 9786: 9780: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9748:Victimisation 9746: 9744: 9743:Trans bashing 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9713:Religious war 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9693:Racialization 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9643: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9575: 9572: 9571: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9564:Glass ceiling 9562: 9558: 9555: 9554: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9507:Ethnic hatred 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9442:Counter-jihad 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9406: 9403: 9402: 9401: 9398: 9397: 9395: 9391: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9243: 9240: 9239: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9216: 9215:United States 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9097: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9079: 9078:United States 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9065: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9026: 9021: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8999:Protestantism 8997: 8995: 8992: 8988: 8985: 8984: 8983: 8980: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8950: 8949: 8946: 8945: 8944: 8941: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8928: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8909:LDS or Mormon 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8891: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8866: 8864: 8862: 8858: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8834:Transmisogyny 8832: 8830: 8827: 8826: 8825: 8822: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8809: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8737:Gerontophobia 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8667:Anti-intersex 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8642:Anti-albinism 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8624: 8622: 8618: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8571: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8511: 8509: 8505: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8483:Institutional 8481: 8480: 8478: 8474: 8470: 8463: 8458: 8456: 8451: 8449: 8444: 8443: 8440: 8430: 8425: 8418: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8400: 8397: 8394: 8391: 8388: 8385: 8382: 8379: 8376: 8373: 8370: 8367: 8364: 8361: 8358: 8355: 8352: 8349: 8346: 8343: 8340: 8337: 8334: 8331: 8328: 8325: 8322: 8319: 8316: 8313: 8310: 8307: 8304: 8301: 8296: 8293: 8290: 8287: 8284: 8281: 8280: 8278: 8277:Yugoslav Wars 8275: 8272: 8269: 8264: 8263:Big Excursion 8261: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8252: 8249: 8246: 8243: 8240: 8237: 8234: 8231: 8228: 8225: 8220: 8217: 8214: 8211: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8200: 8197: 8194: 8191: 8188: 8185: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8176: 8173: 8170: 8167: 8164: 8161: 8158: 8155: 8152: 8149: 8146: 8143: 8140: 8137: 8134: 8131: 8128: 8125: 8122: 8119: 8116: 8113: 8110: 8107: 8104: 8101: 8098: 8095: 8092: 8089: 8086: 8083: 8080: 8077: 8074: 8073:The Holocaust 8071: 8068: 8065: 8062: 8059: 8056: 8053: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8012: 8009: 8006: 8003: 8000: 7997: 7993: 7990: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7981: 7978: 7975: 7972: 7969: 7968:Dungan Revolt 7966: 7963: 7960: 7957: 7954: 7951: 7948: 7945: 7942: 7939: 7936: 7933: 7930: 7927: 7924: 7921: 7918: 7915: 7912: 7909: 7906: 7903: 7900: 7897: 7894: 7891: 7888: 7885: 7882: 7879: 7876: 7873: 7870: 7867: 7864: 7861: 7858: 7855: 7852: 7849: 7846: 7843: 7840: 7837: 7834: 7831: 7828: 7825: 7822: 7819: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7809: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7782:State atheism 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7677:Deprogramming 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7659: 7657: 7653: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7631:Protestantism 7629: 7627: 7624: 7620: 7617: 7616: 7615: 7612: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7582: 7581: 7578: 7577: 7576: 7573: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7560: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7541:LDS or Mormon 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7523: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7475: 7470: 7468: 7463: 7461: 7456: 7455: 7452: 7444: 7440: 7436: 7432: 7427: 7426: 7415: 7410: 7407:, vol. 2 7406: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7364: 7361: 7355: 7351: 7350: 7344: 7340: 7338: 7331: 7328: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7312: 7308: 7304: 7300: 7296: 7292: 7287: 7284: 7282:9781558760950 7278: 7274: 7273: 7267: 7263: 7262:Another Birth 7259: 7254: 7251: 7246: 7243: 7241:0-567-06512-X 7237: 7233: 7232: 7226: 7223: 7221:9780521770736 7217: 7213: 7212: 7206: 7203: 7197: 7193: 7192: 7186: 7183: 7177: 7173: 7172: 7166: 7163: 7161:9780815607274 7157: 7153: 7152: 7146: 7143: 7141:9781576079935 7137: 7133: 7132: 7126: 7122: 7121: 7115: 7112: 7110:1-82760-198-1 7106: 7102: 7101: 7095: 7092: 7090:9780773511446 7086: 7082: 7081: 7075: 7072: 7070:9781860646676 7066: 7062: 7061: 7055: 7052: 7050:9780415966924 7046: 7042: 7041: 7035: 7031: 7030: 7024: 7021: 7019:0-691-00807-8 7015: 7011: 7010: 7004: 7001: 6999:9781845110567 6995: 6991: 6990: 6984: 6981: 6979:9780521779333 6975: 6971: 6970: 6964: 6961: 6959:9780197136003 6955: 6951: 6950: 6944: 6941: 6939:0-404-12812-2 6935: 6931: 6930: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6916: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6884: 6880: 6878:90-04-09796-1 6874: 6870: 6865: 6861: 6860: 6854: 6851: 6849:9780198261933 6845: 6841: 6840: 6834: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6818: 6815: 6813:9780313325229 6809: 6805: 6804: 6798: 6795: 6793:9780299184742 6789: 6785: 6784: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6762: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6734: 6731: 6729:9780231106849 6725: 6721: 6720: 6714: 6710: 6709: 6703: 6700: 6698:9780415159784 6694: 6690: 6689: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6667: 6664: 6662:9780415239028 6658: 6654: 6653: 6647: 6644: 6643: 6637: 6634: 6632:9780521588133 6628: 6624: 6623: 6617: 6614: 6612:9789004025981 6608: 6604: 6603: 6597: 6594: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6575: 6571: 6570: 6564: 6561: 6559:9780404626037 6555: 6551: 6546: 6542: 6541: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6523: 6517: 6514: 6512:9781860649707 6508: 6504: 6503: 6497: 6496: 6483: 6482:Nigosian 1993 6478: 6476: 6469:, p. 119 6468: 6463: 6456: 6451: 6444: 6439: 6432: 6427: 6418: 6409: 6400: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6371: 6367: 6361: 6353: 6347: 6328: 6321: 6315: 6308: 6304: 6303:Richard Foltz 6299: 6293:, p. 229 6292: 6287: 6281: 6276: 6270: 6265: 6257: 6255:9781850650928 6251: 6246: 6245: 6236: 6229: 6228: 6223: 6217: 6210: 6205: 6199: 6194: 6187: 6186:Ramazani 2002 6182: 6175: 6174:Ramazani 2002 6170: 6163: 6162:Ramazani 2002 6158: 6152:, p. 377 6151: 6146: 6140:, p. 370 6139: 6134: 6132: 6125:, p. 371 6124: 6119: 6113:, p. 372 6112: 6107: 6105: 6097: 6092: 6090: 6088: 6086: 6079:, p. 207 6078: 6073: 6071: 6064:, p. 376 6063: 6058: 6052:, p. 150 6051: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6040: 6038: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6015:, p. 111 6014: 6009: 6007: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5993: 5986:, p. 125 5985: 5980: 5978: 5971:, p. 101 5970: 5965: 5959:, p. 100 5958: 5953: 5947:, p. 243 5946: 5941: 5935:, p. 213 5934: 5929: 5923:, p. 106 5922: 5917: 5911:, p. 104 5910: 5905: 5898: 5897:Ramazani 2002 5893: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5885: 5883: 5875: 5870: 5861: 5854: 5849: 5842: 5837: 5830: 5825: 5819:, p. 130 5818: 5813: 5807:, p. 194 5806: 5801: 5794: 5789: 5782: 5777: 5770: 5769:Williams 2009 5765: 5758: 5757:Hodivala 1920 5753: 5746: 5741: 5739: 5731: 5730:Stillman 1979 5726: 5719: 5714: 5705: 5703: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5671: 5669: 5667: 5651: 5647: 5641: 5625: 5619: 5613:, p. 152 5612: 5607: 5600: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5584:, p. 100 5583: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5565:, p. 166 5564: 5559: 5557: 5549: 5543: 5541: 5533: 5527: 5520: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5503:, p. 120 5502: 5497: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5466: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5422: 5417: 5411:, p. 150 5410: 5405: 5390:on 5 May 2008 5389: 5385: 5381: 5375: 5373: 5366:, p. 151 5365: 5360: 5358: 5350: 5345: 5338: 5333: 5327:, p. 145 5326: 5321: 5314: 5313:Hinnells 1996 5309: 5302: 5297: 5291:, p. 303 5290: 5289:Hinnells 1996 5285: 5283: 5276:, p. 443 5275: 5270: 5263: 5258: 5251: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5223: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5206:, p. 147 5205: 5200: 5194: 5189: 5183:, p. 878 5182: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5166:, p. 205 5165: 5160: 5154:, p. 148 5153: 5148: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5135:, p. 163 5134: 5129: 5121: 5119:9780860787846 5115: 5111: 5110: 5102: 5096:, p. 212 5095: 5090: 5088: 5080: 5075: 5073: 5065: 5060: 5053: 5048: 5041: 5036: 5029: 5024: 5017: 5012: 5010: 5002: 4997: 4990: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4972: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4927: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4910:According to 4903: 4900: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4880: 4870: 4861: 4859: 4855: 4850: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4827: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4796: 4794: 4793:Qajar dynasty 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4733: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4715: 4711: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4695: 4693: 4688: 4684: 4681:robes called 4678: 4674: 4672: 4671:Edward Browne 4668: 4664: 4659: 4657: 4653: 4652:Qajar dynasty 4649: 4645: 4636: 4627: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4608: 4606: 4605:Sultan Husayn 4602: 4597: 4592: 4590: 4579: 4576: 4570: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4547: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4527: 4525: 4520: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4493: 4489: 4488: 4483: 4473: 4468: 4462: 4447: 4445: 4441: 4435: 4433: 4429: 4426:, al Djibal, 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4398: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4354: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4306: 4304: 4298: 4296: 4295: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4248: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4203: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4183: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4147: 4140: 4130: 4128: 4123: 4121: 4117: 4116:Yazdegerd III 4107: 4104: 4099: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4075: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4063: 4058: 4057: 4051: 4048: 4044: 4039: 4037: 4033: 4028: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3980: 3975: 3973: 3968: 3966: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3957: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3942: 3940: 3939: 3932: 3929: 3928: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3900: 3897: 3896: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3869:No Compulsion 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3856: 3855: 3854: 3850: 3849: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3805: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3798: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3779: 3776: 3775: 3774: 3773:Protestantism 3771: 3769: 3766: 3765: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3755: 3754: 3753: 3750: 3745: 3744: 3741: 3736: 3735: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3684: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3656: 3655: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3606: 3601: 3599: 3594: 3592: 3587: 3586: 3584: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3551: 3548: 3547: 3546: 3543: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3525: 3524: 3521: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3488: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3464:Protestantism 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3433: 3430: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3421: 3420:Christophobia 3418: 3417: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3382: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3346: 3345: 3341: 3340: 3335: 3332: 3331: 3330: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3322: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3243: 3242: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3234: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3094: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2907: 2906: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2893: 2892:United States 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2854: 2853: 2852: 2849: 2848:South America 2845: 2842: 2841: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2746: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2727: 2719: 2718:Atheist state 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2708:Secular state 2706: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2678:School prayer 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2635: 2628: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2620: 2610: 2605: 2603: 2598: 2596: 2591: 2590: 2588: 2587: 2577: 2574: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2554:Social stigma 2552: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2534: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2501: 2498: 2497: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2328: 2319: 2318: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2188: 2187: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2161:State atheism 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2097:Jim Crow laws 2095: 2094: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2082:One-drop rule 2080: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1997:Blood quantum 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1975: 1974: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1938:Victimisation 1936: 1934: 1933:Trans bashing 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1903:Religious war 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1883:Racialization 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1754:Glass ceiling 1752: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1697:Ethnic hatred 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1632:Counter-jihad 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1578: 1577: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1397:United States 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1261: 1260:United States 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1206: 1200: 1199: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1175:Protestantism 1173: 1171: 1168: 1164: 1161: 1160: 1159: 1156: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1117: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1104: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1085:LDS or Mormon 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1036: 1031: 1030: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1002:Transmisogyny 1000: 998: 995: 994: 993: 990: 986: 983: 981: 978: 977: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 905:Gerontophobia 903: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 835:Anti-intersex 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 810:Anti-albinism 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 792: 783: 782: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 740: 737: 735: 732: 731: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 671: 662: 661: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 635:Institutional 633: 632: 623: 622: 618: 614: 613: 610: 607: 606: 602: 598: 597: 587: 582: 580: 575: 573: 568: 567: 565: 564: 561: 556: 551: 550: 542: 539: 537: 534: 533: 526: 525: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 488: 481: 480: 472: 469: 467: 464: 460: 457: 455: 452: 451: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 436: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 416: 409: 408: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 366: 359: 358: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 304:Adur Gushnasp 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 251: 244: 243: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 206: 199: 198: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 156: 149: 148: 144: 140: 139: 136: 133: 132: 128: 124: 123: 120: 112: 109: 101: 98:December 2021 90: 87: 83: 80: 76: 73: 69: 66: 62: 59: – 58: 54: 53:Find sources: 47: 43: 37: 36: 31:This article 29: 25: 20: 19: 16: 10884: 10800: 10688:Frashokereti 10637:Atash Behram 10627:The Revayats 10588:Adur Farnbag 10569:Fire Temples 10559:Yenghe hatam 10554:Ahuna Vairya 10523:Angra Mainyu 10176:Gender-blind 10063:Human rights 9891:Racial quota 9878: 9858:Jewish quota 9838:Gerontocracy 9833:Gender roles 9811:Disabilities 9796:Blood purity 9768:Wife selling 9758:White flight 9738:Slut-shaming 9718:Scapegoating 9636:Murder music 9299:Palestinians 9242:Anti-Zionism 9110:South Africa 9095:Black people 9073:South Africa 9013: 8889:Christianity 8879:Baháʼí Faith 8802:Sectarianism 8742:Heterosexism 8707:Ephebiphobia 8677:Anti-Masonry 8544:Hair texture 8279:(1991–2001) 8259:(1984–1989) 8219:Famen Temple 8209:(1966–1976) 8019:(1922–1991) 7988:(1913–1922) 7521:Christianity 7511:Baháʼí Faith 7437:(1): 47–72. 7434: 7430: 7413: 7404: 7396:the original 7375: 7371: 7348: 7334: 7294: 7290: 7271: 7261: 7257: 7249: 7230: 7210: 7190: 7170: 7150: 7130: 7119: 7099: 7079: 7059: 7039: 7028: 7008: 6988: 6968: 6948: 6928: 6914: 6904: 6900: 6891: 6887: 6868: 6858: 6838: 6821: 6802: 6782: 6772: 6768: 6741: 6737: 6718: 6707: 6687: 6683:Boyle, Kevin 6674: 6670: 6651: 6641: 6621: 6601: 6582: 6568: 6549: 6538: 6534: 6521: 6501: 6492:Bibliography 6484:, p. 37 6462: 6455:Houtsma 1936 6450: 6438: 6433:, p. 66 6426: 6417: 6408: 6399: 6374:, retrieved 6369: 6360: 6334:. Retrieved 6327:the original 6314: 6306: 6298: 6291:Fischer 2003 6286: 6275: 6264: 6243: 6235: 6225: 6216: 6211:, p. 49 6204: 6193: 6188:, p. 38 6181: 6169: 6164:, p. 41 6157: 6150:Jackson 1906 6145: 6118: 6098:, p. 78 6077:Lambton 1981 6062:Jackson 1906 6057: 5964: 5952: 5945:Lapidus 2002 5940: 5928: 5916: 5909:Abisaab 2004 5904: 5899:, p. 40 5869: 5860: 5855:, p. 73 5848: 5836: 5831:, p. 15 5824: 5812: 5800: 5795:, p. 19 5788: 5783:, p. 75 5776: 5764: 5759:, p. 88 5752: 5732:, p. 27 5725: 5720:, p. 17 5713: 5689:. Retrieved 5685:the original 5680: 5653:. Retrieved 5649: 5640: 5630:23 September 5628:. Retrieved 5618: 5606: 5601:, p. 29 5547: 5531: 5526: 5518: 5496: 5484:. Retrieved 5480:the original 5475: 5465: 5453:. Retrieved 5449:the original 5444: 5416: 5404: 5392:. Retrieved 5388:the original 5383: 5351:, p. 19 5344: 5339:, p. 41 5332: 5320: 5308: 5303:, p. 28 5296: 5269: 5257: 5226:. Retrieved 5199: 5188: 5164:Lambton 1981 5159: 5128: 5108: 5101: 5081:, p. 27 5079:Jackson 1906 5066:, p. 17 5059: 5047: 5042:, p. 48 5035: 5030:, p. 15 5023: 5001:Lapidus 2002 4996: 4989:Houtsma 1936 4909: 4896: 4882: 4867: 4851: 4828: 4802: 4771: 4758: 4739: 4718: 4707: 4699: 4696: 4686: 4682: 4679: 4675: 4660: 4644:Zand dynasty 4641: 4611: 4609: 4596:Shah Abbas I 4593: 4585: 4571: 4548: 4528: 4521: 4517:Turkmenistan 4491: 4485: 4478: 4437: 4400: 4360: 4340: 4307: 4299: 4292: 4268: 4254: 4232: 4224:Zoroastrians 4204: 4184: 4160: 4150: 4144: 4142: 4124: 4113: 4100: 4076: 4060: 4054: 4052: 4040: 4036:al-Baladhuri 4029: 4010:(modern-day 4005: 3859:Antisemitism 3851:Islam and... 3842: 3763:Christianity 3758:Baháʼí Faith 3685: 3669:Islamization 3659: 3652: 3616: 3614: 3566: 3533:Anti-Judaism 3528:Antisemitism 3516:Islamophobia 3415:Christianity 3405:Baháʼí Faith 3301:Saudi Arabia 3070:Turkmenistan 2825:South Africa 2770:Burkina Faso 2388:Gender-blind 2267:Human rights 2087:Racial quota 2074: 2054:Jewish quota 2034:Gerontocracy 2029:Gender roles 2007:Disabilities 1992:Blood purity 1958:Wife selling 1948:White flight 1928:Slut-shaming 1908:Scapegoating 1826:Murder music 1481:Palestinians 1424:Anti-Zionism 1292:South Africa 1277:Black people 1255:South Africa 1065:Christianity 1055:Baháʼí Faith 970:Sectarianism 910:Heterosexism 875:Ephebiphobia 845:Anti-Masonry 704:Hair texture 515: 399:Frashokereti 344:The Rivayats 299:Adur Farnbag 284:Fire Temples 274:Yenghe hatam 269:Ahuna Vairya 234:Angra Mainyu 119: 104: 95: 85: 78: 71: 64: 52: 40:Please help 35:verification 32: 15: 10843:in Pakistan 10801:Persecution 10760:Khurramites 10468:Persia/Iran 10453:Zarathustra 10448:Ahura Mazda 10078:Nonviolence 10073:LGBT rights 10038:Empowerment 10006:Anti-racism 9928:Segregation 9873:No kid zone 9673:Persecution 9586:Hate speech 9537:Gay bashing 9512:Ethnic joke 9467:Dog whistle 9412:Blood libel 9090:Azerbaijani 8994:Neopaganism 8987:Persecution 8948:Persecution 8931:Persecution 8894:Catholicism 8874:Exclusivism 8824:Transphobia 8807:Supremacism 8762:Lesbophobia 8682:Aporophobia 8647:Anti-autism 8498:Taste-based 8493:Statistical 8365:(2014–2017) 8353:(2014–2017) 8347:(2013–2016) 8285:(1992–1996) 8247:(1975–1979) 8241:(1975–1990) 8147:(1948–1980) 8093:(1945–1989) 8087:(1945–1989) 8081:(1941–1945) 8075:(1939–1945) 8063:(1936–1975) 8048:legislation 8013:(1917–1990) 8007:(1915–1923) 8001:(1914–1924) 7982:(1912–1913) 7970:(1862–1877) 7952:(1857–1858) 7946:(1789–1801) 7934:(1683–1922) 7928:(1673–1829) 7922:(1609–1614) 7916:(1562–1598) 7910:(1561–1812) 7904:(1526–1791) 7898:(1522–1712) 7892:(1500–1526) 7868:(1184–1908) 7866:Inquisition 7777:Segregation 7742:Intolerance 7682:Desecration 7626:Neopaganism 7619:Persecution 7580:Persecution 7563:Persecution 7526:Catholicism 7506:Exclusivism 6431:Wherry 1896 6336:12 December 6280:Amighi 1990 6138:Browne 1893 6123:Browne 1893 6111:Browne 1893 6096:Karaka 1884 6050:Selbie 1914 5921:Newman 2006 5829:Maneck 1997 5817:Writer 1989 5745:Ringer 2011 5582:Berkey 2003 5337:Spuler 1994 5315:, p. 3 5301:Gordon 2005 5262:Choksy 1987 5250:Arnold 1896 5228:16 December 5193:Hillenbrand 5054:, p. 1 5018:, p. 6 5003:, p. 6 4816:fire temple 4813:Zoroastrian 4763:Zoroastrian 4685:and cotton 4612:Mino Khirad 4367:Sunni Islam 4310:Al-Mu'tasim 4241:Fred Donner 4234:authority. 4084:Ahura Mazda 4016:Mesopotamia 3768:Catholicism 3716:Sunni Islam 3665:were burned 3557:Neopaganism 3480:Hinduphobia 3432:Catholicism 3237:Middle East 3040:South Korea 3025:Philippines 3015:North Korea 2910:Afghanistan 2282:Nonviolence 2277:LGBT rights 2242:Empowerment 2210:Anti-racism 2124:Segregation 2069:No kid zone 1863:Persecution 1776:Hate speech 1727:Gay bashing 1702:Ethnic joke 1657:Dog whistle 1602:Blood libel 1272:Azerbaijani 1170:Neopaganism 1163:Persecution 1124:Persecution 1107:Persecution 1070:Catholicism 1050:Exclusivism 992:Transphobia 975:Supremacism 930:Lesbophobia 850:Aporophobia 815:Anti-autism 650:Taste-based 645:Statistical 429:Khurramites 179:Persia/Iran 164:Zarathustra 159:Ahura Mazda 10900:Categories 10806:in Armenia 10698:Hamistagan 10549:Ashem Vohu 10463:Vohu Manah 10352:Stereotype 10347:Speciesism 10228:Oppression 10223:Oikophobia 10119:Allophilia 10103:Toleration 9960:Sodomy law 9853:Internment 9773:Witch-hunt 9651:Blackhawks 9581:Hate group 9569:Hate crime 9542:Gendercide 9532:Freak show 9522:Excellence 9482:Employment 9452:Defamation 9379:Vietnamese 9374:Venezuelan 9259:Lithuanian 8921:Falun Gong 8851:Xenophobia 8846:Vegaphobia 8829:Non-binary 8787:Pedophobia 8752:Homophobia 8574:Skin color 8534:Disability 8507:Attributes 8488:Structural 7862:(643–1526) 7737:Iconoclasm 7732:Hate crime 7662:Censorship 7553:Falun Gong 6467:Boyce 2001 6013:Price 2005 5984:Shahmardan 5853:Price 2005 5718:Lewis 1984 5691:20 October 5655:20 October 5611:Boyce 2001 5486:20 October 5455:20 October 5409:Boyce 2001 5394:20 October 5364:Boyce 2001 5325:Boyce 2001 5204:Boyce 2001 5152:Boyce 2001 4967:References 4920:Asia Minor 4912:Mary Boyce 4656:Azerbaijan 4624:Ker Porter 4603:persuaded 4465:See also: 4428:Azerbaijan 4424:Tabaristan 4373:including 4289:Christians 4211:Tabarestan 4207:Mazandaran 4195:Shia Islam 4041:After the 4020:Hindu Kush 3921:Secularism 3911:Shia–Sunni 3889:Liberalism 3692:caliphates 3471:Falun Gong 3178:Montenegro 3118:Azerbaijan 3075:Uzbekistan 3055:Tajikistan 2980:Kazakhstan 2925:Bangladesh 2920:Azerbaijan 2815:Mauritania 2785:Cape Verde 2663:Secularism 2564:Stereotype 2559:Speciesism 2440:Oppression 2435:Oikophobia 2331:Allophilia 2307:Toleration 2156:Sodomy law 2049:Internment 1963:Witch-hunt 1841:Blackhawks 1771:Hate group 1759:Hate crime 1732:Gendercide 1722:Freak show 1712:Excellence 1672:Employment 1642:Defamation 1561:Vietnamese 1556:Venezuelan 1441:Lithuanian 1097:Falun Gong 1019:Xenophobia 1014:Vegaphobia 997:Non-binary 955:Pedophobia 920:Homophobia 734:Skin color 694:Disability 665:Attributes 640:Structural 449:Initiation 264:Ashem Vohu 174:Vohu Manah 68:newspapers 10794:Adherents 10775:Festivals 10755:Mazdakism 10750:Zurvanism 10663:Bundahišn 10473:Faravahar 10325:Christian 10253:Prejudice 10201:Masculism 10149:Diversity 9943:religious 9918:Redlining 9517:Ethnocide 9477:Education 9364:Ukrainian 9294:Pakistani 9284:Mongolian 9205:Australia 9187:Hungarian 9142:Colombian 9122:Bulgarian 9004:Rastafari 8953:Ahmadiyya 8861:Religious 8839:Trans men 8797:Pregnancy 8732:Gayphobia 8727:Fatphobia 8632:Acephobia 8627:Arophobia 8611:Viewpoint 8213:Four Olds 7926:Test Acts 7792:Terrorism 7636:Rastafari 7585:Ahmadiyya 7327:201748179 7311:0031-8221 6871:, BRILL, 6830:1573-3912 6758:1475-4819 6443:Yarshater 6376:9 October 6248:. Hurst. 5805:Rose 2011 5421:al-Tabari 4916:Christian 4899:Shahnameh 4892:Khosrau I 4884:Mazdakism 4879:Mazdakism 4852:In 2013, 4820:Zoroaster 4803:The 1979 4694:in 1923. 4692:Reza Shah 4395:Al-Masudi 4347:Sassanian 4343:Saffarids 4199:Sassanian 4191:Shahrbanu 3899:Modernism 3894:Modernity 3879:Democracy 3874:Blasphemy 3792:Mandaeism 3778:Mormonism 3698:to learn 3562:Rastafari 3501:Ahmadiyya 3444:Mormonism 3334:Australia 3208:Slovakia 3045:Sri Lanka 3035:Singapore 2970:Indonesia 2693:Theocracy 2537:Christian 2465:Prejudice 2413:Masculism 2361:Diversity 2139:religious 2114:Redlining 1707:Ethnocide 1667:Education 1546:Ukrainian 1476:Pakistani 1466:Mongolian 1387:Australia 1369:Hungarian 1324:Colombian 1304:Bulgarian 1180:Rastafari 1129:Ahmadiyya 1035:Religious 1007:Trans men 965:Pregnancy 900:Gayphobia 895:Fatphobia 800:Acephobia 795:Arophobia 771:Viewpoint 484:Adherents 444:Festivals 424:Mazdakism 419:Zurvanism 374:Bundahišn 184:Faravahar 10886:Category 10816:in India 10780:Marriage 10770:Calendar 10693:Xrafstar 10612:Visperad 10607:Vendidad 10382:Category 10364:The talk 10300:Snobbery 10218:Net bias 10048:Feminism 9975:Ugly law 9816:Catholic 9784:policies 9631:Mortgage 9626:Lynching 9557:examples 9552:Genocide 9472:Economic 9457:Democide 9417:Bullying 9329:Scottish 9324:Romanian 9289:Nigerian 9232:Japanese 9167:Georgian 9152:Filipino 9085:Assyrian 9058:Armenian 9048:American 9043:Albanian 9025:National 9009:Yazidism 8926:Hinduism 8884:Buddhism 8782:Nepotism 8777:Misogyny 8772:Misandry 8697:Clannism 8692:Biphobia 8637:Adultism 8554:Language 8429:Religion 7950:Utah War 7820:(64–313) 7797:Violence 7687:Domicide 7641:Yazidism 7558:Hinduism 7516:Buddhism 7492:By group 6926:(1884), 6767:(1869), 6346:cite web 5534:, p. 123 5532:Al-Amwal 4930:See also 4918:rule in 4835:Assyrian 4831:Armenian 4824:Khomeini 4809:Bazargan 4618:visited 4616:Le Bruyn 4569:'s map. 4420:Khurasan 4383:Sijistan 4375:Khorasan 4363:Samanids 4265:Abbasids 4257:Umayyads 4177:by 652. 4163:Umayyads 3945:Category 3926:Violence 3906:Politics 3864:Apostasy 3838:Yazidism 3813:Hinduism 3808:Buddhism 3712:Iranians 3476:Hinduism 3410:Buddhism 3213:Slovenia 3133:Bulgaria 3060:Thailand 3020:Pakistan 3000:Mongolia 2995:Maldives 2990:Malaysia 2940:Cambodia 2887:Paraguay 2867:Colombia 2835:Tanzania 2805:DR Congo 2780:Cameroon 2765:Botswana 2631:Concepts 2576:The talk 2512:Snobbery 2430:Net bias 2252:Feminism 2171:Ugly law 2012:Catholic 1978:Policies 1821:Mortgage 1816:Lynching 1747:examples 1742:Genocide 1662:Economic 1647:Democide 1607:Bullying 1511:Scottish 1506:Romanian 1471:Nigerian 1414:Japanese 1349:Georgian 1334:Filipino 1267:Assyrian 1240:Armenian 1230:American 1225:Albanian 1205:national 1185:Yazidism 1102:Hinduism 1060:Buddhism 950:Nepotism 945:Misogyny 940:Misandry 865:Clannism 860:Biphobia 805:Adultism 714:Language 601:a series 599:Part of 466:Marriage 439:Calendar 329:Visperad 324:Vendidad 229:Fravashi 127:a series 125:Part of 10838:in Iraq 10833:in Iran 10724:Kashmar 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3080:Vietnam 3005:Myanmar 2960:Georgia 2915:Armenia 2872:Ecuador 2820:Morocco 2800:Comoros 2775:Burundi 2750:Algeria 2638:Laicism 2383:Figleaf 1786:Housing 1541:Turkish 1486:Pashtun 1456:Mexican 1436:Kurdish 1409:Italian 1359:Haitian 1344:Finnish 1319:Chinese 1314:Chechen 1309:Catalan 1299:Bengali 1220:African 1203:Ethnic/ 1158:Judaism 1144:Sunnism 1134:Shi'ism 1045:Atheism 870:Elitism 761:Species 699:Genetic 689:Dialect 369:Dēnkard 349:Ab-Zohr 214:Yazatas 189:Avestan 82:scholar 10826:Parsis 10785:Burial 10745:Parsis 10712:Cities 10703:Duzakh 10617:Yashts 10544:Gathas 10539:Avesta 10518:Daevas 10513:Ahuras 10357:threat 10211:autism 9948:sexual 9938:racial 9821:Jewish 9678:Pogrom 9656:Chiefs 9646:Braves 9369:Uyghur 9344:Somali 9339:Slavic 9319:Romani 9314:Quebec 9309:Polish 9249:Korean 9210:Canada 9197:Indian 9182:Hazara 9157:Fulani 9068:France 9033:Afghan 8963:Sufism 8687:Audism 8620:Social 8549:Height 8412:(2024) 8401:(2023) 8395:(2020) 8389:(2019) 8383:(2019) 8341:(2011) 8323:(2002) 8317:(2001) 8311:(2000) 8305:(2000) 8297:(1999) 8291:(1995) 8273:(1990) 8265:(1989) 8253:(1984) 8229:(1971) 8221:(1966) 8215:(1966) 8201:(1963) 8195:(1963) 8189:(1963) 8177:(1955) 8165:(1950) 8141:(1948) 8117:(1947) 8111:(1946) 8105:(1946) 8099:(1946) 8069:(1933) 8057:(1924) 7976:(1909) 7964:(1864) 7958:(1860) 7874:(1191) 7856:(1099) 7850:(1096) 7811:Events 7747:Pogrom 7595:Sufism 7390: 7356: 7325: 7317: 7309: 7279: 7238: 7218: 7198: 7178: 7158: 7138: 7107: 7087: 7067: 7047: 7016: 6996: 6976: 6956: 6936: 6875: 6846: 6828: 6810: 6790: 6756: 6726: 6695: 6659: 6629: 6609: 6589: 6556: 6509: 6252: 6222:Gabars 5116: 4888:heresy 4755:Tehran 4747:Kerman 4730:Iranis 4726:Kushti 4722:Sedreh 4701:Kushti 4687:geeveh 4543:dastur 4539:Sanjan 4509:Sanjan 4461:Parsis 4416:Sistan 4412:Kirman 4379:Kirman 4371:Persia 4331:Sistan 4323:Kerman 4281:kafirs 4273:dhimmi 4245:jizyah 4219:Gorgan 4215:Gorgan 4151:dhimmi 4056:mihrab 4047:dhimmi 4008:Persia 3950:Portal 3718:, the 3700:Arabic 3677:Persia 3276:Kuwait 3271:Jordan 3266:Israel 3218:Turkey 3203:Serbia 3198:Russia 3188:Norway 3153:France 3143:Cyprus 3089:Europe 3065:Turkey 3050:Taiwan 3030:Russia 2950:Cyprus 2935:Brunei 2930:Bhutan 2882:Panama 2877:Guyana 2862:Canada 2857:Brazil 2755:Angola 2741:Africa 2569:threat 2423:autism 2144:sexual 2134:racial 2017:Jewish 1868:Pogrom 1846:Chiefs 1836:Braves 1551:Uyghur 1526:Somali 1521:Slavic 1501:Romani 1496:Quebec 1491:Polish 1431:Korean 1392:Canada 1379:Indian 1364:Hazara 1339:Fulani 1250:France 1215:Afghan 1139:Sufism 855:Audism 786:Social 709:Height 511:Iranis 501:Parsis 471:Burial 459:Sedreh 454:Kushti 334:Yashts 314:Gathas 259:Avesta 224:Daevas 219:Ahuras 84: 77: 70: 63: 55: 10857:Lists 10821:Irani 10719:Balkh 10602:Yasna 10335:white 9688:Purge 9384:Welsh 9349:Tatar 9269:Māori 9264:Malay 9222:Irish 9172:Greek 9147:Croat 9105:China 9063:Asian 8943:Islam 8812:White 8559:Looks 8524:Class 8519:Caste 8476:Forms 7844:(732) 7575:Islam 7388:JSTOR 7323:S2CID 7315:JSTOR 7260:[ 6903:[ 6890:[ 6771:[ 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Knowledge

Persecution of Zoroastrians

Index