Pforzheim - Knowledge

6122:(Hochschule Pforzheim – Hochschule fuer Gestaltung, Technik und Wirtschaft) enrolls about 5400 students. It was formed in 1992 by way of merging the former Pforzheim School of Design (Fachhochschule für Gestaltung) and Pforzheim Business School (Fachhochschule für Wirtschaft) and additionally establishing the Faculty of Engineering. The Pforzheim School of Design had its roots in the Ducal Academy of Arts and Crafts and Technical School for the Metal Processing Industry, established 1877. The Pforzheim Business School was the successor institution of the National Business College, which was established in 1963. The campuses of the Faculty of Design and the Faculties of Economics and Engineering are located at separate sites in the city area. The Pforzheim University of Applied Sciences fosters international exchange. Among other relationships, it is affiliated with the NIEBES Association and has close academic ties to 6659: 3912:. Two persons died under a collapsing wall in nearby Ottenhausen and more than 200 were injured, and 1750 buildings were damaged. Across the town between Buechenbronn ward and the village of Wurmberg the storm caused severe damage to forest areas (i.e. most trees fell to the ground). During the first night and the following days the soldiers of the French 3rd Husar Regiment and the US Army Unit, which were still stationed at the Buckenberg Barracks, helped clear the streets of a lot of fallen trees (especially in the Buckenberg/Haidach area). It took about four weeks to carry out the most necessary repairs on buildings. The overhead electric contact wires for the electric 3285:

in the Broetzingen suburb. The town church of St. Stephen and a large part of the Dominican monastery complex were also destroyed. The Castle Church (Schlosskirche) of St. Michael was heavily damaged, and the family tombs of the Margraves of Baden in the church were desecrated by the soldiers. The last remaining church bell and the churches' clockworks were stolen as well. The town wall was damaged again, including the town gates. After the week-long presence of 30,000 soldiers in a town of only a few thousand citizens, all food was gone, including the seeds saved for next spring's sowing season. Every tree and

149: 232: 8942: 8297: 5134:(mayor) as its president and 40 elected (part-time) councillors. It is democratically elected by the citizens for a period of five years. The last election was on 26 May 2019. The city council is the main representative body of the city and determines the goals and frameworks for all local political activities. It makes decisions about all important issues regarding the public life and administration of the city and directs and monitors the work of the city administration. It forms expert committees in order to deal with specialized issues. 200: 518: 3217:

following night, the resistance of the town broke down and on 10 August in the morning the French forced the town gates open, occupied and looted it (although with little success, as there was not much left to be taken away). On 12 August, the French moved on, this time refraining from setting houses on fire. The fortification had again been damaged, though (the White Tower, the Auer Bridge Gate, the Upper Mill and the Nonnen Mill were burnt down). The French also stole all church bells, except for one minor one.

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of the 1. FC Pforzheim soccer club of 1896, which was inaugurated in 1913. It accommodated a record number of "15.000 to 20.000" spectators on the occasion of the match between South Germany against Central Hungary in 1920. In the post-Second-World-War era it accommodated 12.000 spectators at the cup

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in their camp. As they were taken by surprise, they withdrew hastily and lost several hundred men, either killed or captured by the French. (The Duke himself was among the French prisoners.) On 28 September, the French army returned to Pforzheim and established a camp. It was reported that the entire

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During the following two years, French troops stayed away from Pforzheim, but the economic situation of the town was miserable. In addition to this, the reconstruction of the town and the repairs of the fortifications under the supervision of Johann Matthaeus Faulhaber, the chief construction officer

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In November, during excavation works for a new shopping center in the center of the city, a power shovel hit a 250 kg (551 lb) bomb that had not detonated during the bombardment of 1945. On a Sunday, about 5000 citizens temporarily left their homes as a precaution while specialists defused

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unit) suffered heavy losses; among the dead was the commander of the army unit, Capitaine Dorance. The advance of the French army came to a halt temporarily, but with the support of fighter-bomber aircraft and due to the bad condition of the defenders - which included many old men and young boys who

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in charge of the operation to refrain from this action in the face of the imminent and seemingly inevitable surrender of the German military. Likewise, orders were issued for the destruction of those bridges that had remained unscathed (some of the bridges had been destroyed by the air strikes of 23

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After the main attack, about 30,000 people had to be fed by makeshift public kitchens because their housing had been destroyed. Almost 90% of the buildings in the core city area had been destroyed. Many Pforzheim citizens were buried in mass graves at Pforzheim's main cemetery because they could not

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During this period, there was a prolonged dispute between Pforzheim's citizens and the Margrave of Baden concerning the privileges granted to the town in 1491, which the Margrave considered obsolete and therefore demanded significantly higher tax payments from Pforzheim citizens. The issue was taken

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on the timber rafting profession in Pforzheim". The single timber logs that were floated from the deeper Black Forest areas down the Enz, Nagold and Wuerm rivers were bound together in the Au area to form larger timber rafts. Those rafts were then floated down the lower Enz, Neckar and Rhine rivers.

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When the French troops left after about one week of occupation, they again looted Pforzheim and put it on fire. This time, all houses which had survived the two previous fires, were destroyed. In the Au suburb, only three houses survived. The Au bridge was heavily damaged. Only four houses survived

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Pforzheim is situated in a valley and also spread out across the adjacent hill slopes. On the northern slope there is a level, narrow plateau that is about 100 meters wide and about 2 kilometers in length. The railway facilities, including the main station and what used to be the freight

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The inclined bar can be traced back to the 13th century as the symbol of the lords (owners) of Pforzheim, which later on also became the National Coat of Arms of Baden, but its meaning is unknown. Since 1489 the coat of arms in its entire form can be verified, but its meaning is not known, either.

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appeared in front of Pforzheims town gates, but this time the town refused to surrender. In response, the French army began shelling the town with cannons from the Rod hill located southwest of the town, and the several hundred soldiers of the German imperial command, who were defending the town,

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about 10 kilometres from Pforzheim towering above the Würm valley, where part of the Pforzheim town archives were hidden. The archive was burned. Another part of the town archive as well as documents of Baden administrative office had been brought to Calw, where they went up in flames, too.

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would have been only aiming at destroying the railway facilities, a few aircraft would have sufficed to finish this job in a short time. There was no need to bomb an area that was wider than one kilometer (0.6 miles) and had a length of more than three kilometers (1.9 miles) using more than 360

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men advanced toward Pforzheim where they arrived in the morning on 9 August and surrounded the town. When the approximately 200 imperial soldiers under the command of Captain Zickwolf and other men in the town refused to surrender, the siege began. After shelling the town during the day and the

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valley between the village of Eutingen east of Pforzheim and the village of Birkenfeld west of Pforzheim was occupied by the 30,000 French soldiers' camps. From their base in Pforzheim, French army units obviously under the leadership of Marshal de Chamilly advanced along the river valleys of

5152:) who used to be appointed by the lord (owner) of the town. Later on, there was a council with a mayor leading it, who since 1849 holds the title "Oberbürgermeister". The terms of office of the mayors until 1750 are unknown. Only the names of the mayors are mentioned in historical documents. 2977:

with massive numbers of human bones at the cemetery of St. Michael Church and the cemetery on the estate of the Dominican order near nowadays Waisenhausplatz found during the last century may indicate that hundreds of citizens became the victims of the plague. There are indications that a

3238:, moved to Pforzheim, where the town and 600 soldiers of the imperial German army in town surrendered without any military engagements. The rest of the French army arrived on 27 September under the command of Marshal de Lorges. On the same day, the French army moved on to Oetisheim near 3191:

instructed his marshals to destroy those towns which were to serve as winter quarters for imperial troops, explicitly including Pforzheim, and then continue to Wuerttemberg for further destructions. After the French troops had crossed the Rhine river under the command of Marshal

4646:. The population declined sharply due to the destruction on 23 February 1945, and increased sharply in the post-World War II era due to high economic growth levels in West-Germany and the rapid rebuilding efforts in Pforzheim. Earlier setbacks were recorded during the 2742:

of the Margraves of Baden in Pforzheim was mentioned. Mint master was Jakob Broeglin between 1414 and 1431. The emperor appointed the master of the Pforzheim mint, Jakob Bröglin, and Bois von der Winterbach for five years as Royal Mint Masters of the mints of

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Wallberg. The debris from the destroyed town (23 February 1945) was dumped onto this hill. The Wallberg-Monument on the top is meant to remind people of the city's history; it was erected in 2005 on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the bombing

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finally moved the residence of the margraves to Baden-Baden. This gradually ended the first period of Pforzheim's flourishment. The rich merchants gradually left the town, which declined to the status of a country town of mostly small traders.

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is gaining importance. In this respect the city benefits from its favorable Three-Valleys location at the gateway to the Black Forest, and related to this, from the starting points of a large number of hiking, cycling and waterway routes. The

3156:. The town was forced to accommodate a large number of soldiers and had to pay a large amount of "contributions" to the French. When the army unit was about to depart early in the morning of 21 January 1689 (obviously because an army of the 915:

and community administrations. In important matters concerning any of these communities the opinions of the respective community councils must be taken into consideration. However, final decisions on the matter will be made by the Pforzheim

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order established their domicile outside the walls of the old town near Auer Bridge, and the Prediger cloister was located east of the Schlossberg, probably inside the town walls). Outside the town wall and across the Enz river, the suburb

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The table below shows the number of inhabitants for the past 500 years. Until 1789 the numbers represent estimates, after that they represent census results or official recordings by the Statistics Offices or the city administration.

8909: 8258:. And besides that, the area bombardment obviously was not even effective in destroying the railway facilities, because less than one month after the big raid in mid-March the railway facilities were bombed again several times by the 5718:

of Pforzheim city shows in the left-hand half of a shield an inclined bar in red color on a golden background, and the right-hand half is divided into four fields in the colors red, silver, blue and gold. The city flag is white-blue.

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were gradually disbanded in town. Public life as well as individual affairs were increasingly affected by Nazi influences. Persecution of Jewish fellow citizens occurred in Pforzheim, too, with boycotts of Jewish shops and companies.

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It is known for its jewelry and watch-making industry, and as such has gained the nickname "Goldstadt" ("Golden City"). With an area of 97.8 square kilometres (37.8 sq mi), it is situated about halfway between the cities of

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advanced toward Pforzheim, the local German military commander gave orders to destroy the electric power generating plant and those gas and water supply lines that were still working, but local residents succeeded in persuading the

2498:(meaning "river crossing, harbor"), which is believed to be the origin of the first part of the city's name "Pforzheim". A Roman milestone (the so-called 'Leugenstein') from the year 245 was excavated in modern times at present-day 2463:(old town bridge). Archeological surveys have unearthed several artifacts of that period which are kept and displayed in the Kappelhof Museum. The settlement was located where the Roman military road connecting the military camp 3160:

had been approaching), they set many major buildings on fire, including the palais, the city hall, and vicarages. About 70 houses (i.e. one quarter of all houses) and part of the town's fortifications were reportedly destroyed.

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The following towns and communities share borderlines with the City of Pforzheim. Below they are mentioned in clockwise order, beginning to the north of the city. Except for Unterreichenbach, which belongs to the district of

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Pforzheim was gradually rebuilt, giving Pforzheim a quite modern look. In September 1951 the Northern Town Bridge (Nordstadtbrücke) was inaugurated (the ceremony was attended by then Federal President Prof. Dr.

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Inauguration of the culture center "Reuchlinhaus", which from then on housed the Jewellery Museum, the Arts and Crafts Association, the City Library, the Homeland Museum (Heimatmuseum), and the City Archives.

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A view of Pforzheim in the early 17th century. It shows all significant landmarks including the city wall, the rivers Enz and Nagold, the three monastery churches and the Margrave's residence on Schlossberg

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were forced to surrender. After a short period of looting, the French troops set the inner town area on fire on 15 August, which made that area uninhabitable for several weeks. Then the French moved on.

8254:, as was the case in the big raid on 23 February. The existence and size of the plateau on the northern slope can be verified by examining any topographic map featuring the Pforzheim city area, and the 5761:. Only 11,000 people are employed in the jewelry and watch-making industries. Two thirds of all employment positions are made available in the areas of metal processing, dental industry electronics and 3623:

Stowa, another well-known German watch brand from Pforzheim, was founded by Walter Storz in Hornberg, moving the business to Pforzheim in 1935. Walter's son, Werner, eventually takes over the business.

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captain and a total of eleven first league players, had to file for bankruptcy in February 2004 and for the first time in history is playing in the fifth league, i.e. the Soccer Association's Northern

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were reportedly marked by hostile attitudes on both the French army side and the Pforzheim population's side; incidents of rape and looting, mainly by Moroccan soldiers, were also reported. Au Bridge (

3090:, the number of inhabitants of Pforzheim is estimated to have been between 2500 and 3000. This was the largest town among all towns in Baden, even though at that time it had already declined somewhat. 6160:(economics-oriented high school), the Heinrich-Wieland-Highschool (technology-oriented high school), the Johanna-Wittum-Highschool (home economics-oriented high school), as well as the Waldorfschule. 3942:

rural district, which has its administration in Pforzheim. But the city of Pforzheim itself remains a district-less city. In addition, Pforzheim became the administrative center of the newly formed

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The population growth diagram show that the largest growth rates were recorded between about 1830 and 1925, which was the period following the political reorganisation of Europe agreed upon at the

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Pforzheim is historically an important jewelry and watch-making centre in Germany. Due to this reason, Pforzheim is nicknamed as Golden City. Jewelry and watch-making industry is first set up by

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The German Army Report of 24 February 1945 devoted only two lines to reporting the bombardment: "In the early evening hours of February 23, a forceful British attack was directed at Pforzheim."

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Pforzheim and its surrounding area belongs to the "Densely Populated Area Karlsruhe/Pforzheim". Pforzheim has the functions of a regional center (Mittelzentrum) for the towns and municipalities

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St. Matthew Church (Matthäuskirche; Protestant). This church was designed by architect Eiermann and is a precursory structure of the famous New Berlin Memorial Church (Gedächtniskirche)

3743:, the air raid killed about one quarter of the town's population, over 17,000 people, and destroyed about 83% of the town's buildings. The mission order to bomb Pforzheim issued by 8931: 3747:

states as the intention of the raid on Pforzheim "to destroy built up area and associated industries and rail facilities". The bombardment was carried out as part of the British

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spread rapidly in Pforzheim. Its most prominent promoters were Johannes Schwebel, a preacher at Holy Ghost church (Heiliggeistkirche), and Johannes Unger, the principal of the

3781:) in 1939 there were 5,109 inhabitants, in 1945 only three persons were still living there. In the Leopold Square area, in 1939 there were 4,416 inhabitants, in 1945 only 13. 2965:, which accounted for approximately one quarter to one half of the populations of those towns. Outbreaks of the disease were reported for many places in southwestern Germany, 5286: 3145:

tactics of destroying major towns on both sides of the Rhine river. These tactics seem to have been mainly the idea of the French war minister, François Michel le Tellier,

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professor Martin Grusius, published 1596. It is not known how many of Pforzheim's citizens died in that year, but there are reports of 500 deceased in the close by city of

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Pforzheim is the site of a Local Court of Justice, which belongs to the District Court and Higher District Court Precinct of Karlsruhe. It is also the domicile of a local

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standards. The technology used miniaturization with digital sensors and microprocessors driving independent motors and dial hands — to enable a range of specialized

6254:– This orchestra was founded by Friedrich Tilegant in 1950. It participated in the world premiere of a work of Boris Blacher and has a good reputation beyond the region. 3873:). Jahn Bridge followed in December 1951, Werder Bridge in May 1952, the rebuilt Goethe Bridge in October 1952, and the rebuilt Old Town Bridge was inaugurated in 1954. 2437:

through the river, shortly past the confluence of the three rivers, for their military highway. Due to this strategic location, Pforzheim later became a center for the

5577: 5050: 3857:) in 1945 and the following year. The relationship between the population and the US military was reportedly more relaxed than had been the case with the French army. 7552: 3576:, a family-owned jewellery producing until now, is founded by Ernst Alexander Wellendorff. The enterprise sells many kinds of jewelry at the highest level worldwide. 6094: 5912: 5852:. In addition, tram-train S6 links Pforzheim via the Enz Valley Railway with the town centre of Bad Wildbad. In addition to tram-trains, regional trains operated by 5743: 4024:

Merger of the Pforzheim Business School and the Pforzheim School of Design to form the Pforzheim University of Applied Sciences in Design, Technology and Business.

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for taking care of the sick and removing the bodies of the deceased from houses was formed in 1501, whose members later on stayed together and became known as the

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unit, moved into Pforzheim from the northwest, and were able to occupy the area north of Enz river, but the area south of the Enz river was defended by a German

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later assessed the bombing raid as the one with "probably the greatest proportion (of destroyed built-up area) (of any target) in one raid during the war".

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was officially approved as a route of industrial heritage of mankind in 2008. Now everybody can follow the 194 km (121 miles) of signposted route from

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February, others damaged or destroyed earlier in the war). Only the Iron (Railway) Bridge in Weißenstein ward was saved by citizens who pulled off the

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The town charter of the "new town" was mentioned for the first time in a document. The "old town" continued to exist as a legally independent entity.

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again crossed the Rhine river and began the destruction of major towns in Baden. On 10 August 1689, a French army unit under the command of General

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made Pforzheim the residential town of his family line. He decided to use the Schlosskirche St. Michael as the entombment site for his family line.

2917:. During the first half of the 16th century Pforzheim's printers contributed significantly to the establishment of this (in those days) new medium. 6087: 5623: 5528: 5430: 3884: 2914: 9360: 7729: 3328:

Establishment of a watch and jewellery factory in the orphanage. This led to Pforzheim's jewellery industries. Watchmaking was given up later on.

9288: 6533: 5602: 5512: 5480: 5350: 2893:. This was a contract concerning the town privileges of Pforzheim. This regulation of the weaving trade did not allow the formation of a regular 9248: 8917: 907:, Hohenwart, Huchenfeld and Würm, which by way of the latest regional administrative reform during the 1970s were incorporated into Pforzheim's 266: 8317: 7793: 7665: 5464: 5447: 3515:

and her two sons arrived in Pforzheim on the first "long-distance" drive in the history of the automobile in a car manufactured by her husband

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wiring from the explosive devices which had already been installed, and dropped it into Nagold river. On 8 April, French troops, including an

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loading facilities, are located on this plateau. This is the only level space that can possibly be used for railway facilities there. If the

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The Goldsmith and Watchmaking Vocational School is one of the two schools of its kind in Europe. It is attended by many students from abroad.

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be identified. There are also many graves of complete families. Among the dead were several hundred foreigners who had been in Pforzheim as

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The 1. FC Pforzheim football club was defeated by VfB Leipzig with a score of 1–2 in the final game of the German football championship.

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for this new technology had been granted to Karl Benz on 29 January 1886. She bought the gasoline necessary for her trip back home in a "

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of the Margraviate Baden, required a lot of efforts. The accommodation of an imperial garrison under the command of (then) colonel Count

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Margrave Charles I established a kind of monastery (Kollegialstift) at the site of Schlosskirche St. Michael, turning the church into a

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section of the monastery school run by the Dominican order of Pforzheim in the late 1460s. Later, partly due to Reuchlin's efforts, the

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The Margraves of Baden considered Pforzheim as their most important power base up to the first half of the 14th century. Under Margrave

231: 3834:- the French troops took possession of the vast rubble field which once was the a residential town of the Baden Margraves on 18 April. 3311:

by the Enz river. Fifty years later this institution was to become the incubator of Pforzheim's jewellery and watchmaking industries.

2844:. There were also plans to establish a university in Pforzheim, but this plan had to be abandoned because Margrave Charles I lost the 8078: 7826: 5049:

town for several centuries. The congregations in Pforzheim were affiliated with the deanery (Dekanat) of Pforzheim of the Protestant

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companies (Bader, Klingel, Wenz) with their sales volumes in the order of millions of Euros occupies a leading position in Germany.

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to be producing precision instruments for use in the German war effort and as transport centre for the movement of German troops.

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atypical to non-digital, analog watches — an array of functions that would either be impossible or highly impractical in a

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and awarded it for the first time in the presence of then President of the Federal Republic of Germany (West-Germany), Prof. Dr.

3681:(Landkreis) with Pforzheim city as its administrative site. However, the town itself became a district-less administrative body. 139: 9335: 6156:, the Kepler-Highschool, the Hebel-Highschool, the Theodor-Heuss-Highschool, the Hilda-Highschool, the Schiller-Highschool, the 3113:, which gave it the status of a village-like settlement. It soon vanished from historical records. The "new town" had survived. 2449:

to, among other markets, the Netherlands for use in shipbuilding. Their timbers were also used to construct the foundations for

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As part of the reform of administrative districts, the rural district of Pforzheim was incorporated into the newly established

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Pforzheim was not a battlefield in World War I, but 1600 men from Pforzheim lost their lives as soldiers on the battlefields.

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and the citizens of Pforzheim was concluded, granting the town of Pforzheim several privileges concerning taxes and business.

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All regional trains, tram-trains and buses within Pforzheim and the surrounding Enzkreis are marketed under the brand of the

5693: 373: 8347: 6658: 9313: 7560: 6504:(score 1–1 after extension; 1988). The soccer club (simply called the "club"), which during its history supplied the first 6367:

Seehaus (formerly a hunting villa of the Margrave; now a popular destination for Sunday afternoon walks away from the city)

3711: 3172: 2928: 2904: 2890: 2867: 623:. In the 20 years following the end of the war, Pforzheim was gradually rebuilt. The town reflects the architecture of the 9293: 8883: 3075:

Margrave Karl II chose Durlach as the new residential town. Pforzheim stayed one of the administrative centers of Baden.

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The House of Culture Osterfeld (a sociocultural center: theater, music, dance, cabaret, musical, arts, exhibitions etc.)

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The townships of Würm, Hohenwart, Buechenbronn, Huchenfeld and Eutingen were incorporated into the city administration.

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Inauguration of the "institution for orphans, the mad, the sick, for discipline and work" in a building of the former

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be provided in his automobile for climbing hills. To commemorate this first long-distance journey by automobile, the

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and Pforzheim. On 24 September, 2,000 cavalry soldiers and 1,200 infantry and artillery troops under the command of

670: 9268: 8941: 7124: 6143: 6103:(a public incorporated body; IHK Nordschwarzwald). The precinct of the chamber is the Northern Black Forest Region. 5920: 3849:, which replaced the French troops on 8 July 1945, helped repair Goethe Bridge, Benckiser Bridge, Old Town Bridge ( 3224: 3193: 3120: 2571:

Establishment of the "new town" west of the "old town" at the foot of the Schlossberg (palais hill) under Margrave

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River. From then on, over an extended period of time, historical records about the settlement were not available.

8893: 8407: 6175:). There are also several state-run vocational schools leading to professional diplomas in the crafts and trades. 68: 6512:

League, during the 2004–05 season. In 1906, the club lost the final of the German Football Championship against

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government in Germany the local subsidiaries of all political parties, groups and organizations other than the

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On 1 January, the population exceeded 100.000 and Pforzheim gained the status of a "large city" (Grossstadt).

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campaign. The town was put on the target list for bombardments in November 1944 because it was thought by the

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Julius Epple founded Aristo, the watch brand, benefitting from the bull market for wristwatches in the 1920s.

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The Copper Hammer (Kupferhammer; a traditional water-powered sledge hammer which was used for metal forming)

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Inauguration of the "Technical Museum of the Jewellery and Watchmaking Industry" and the "Citizens Museum".

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emerged. They developed the financial markets of those days. The town drew its income from the wood trade,

2541: 2502:; it is marked with the exact distance to 'Portus' and is the first documented evidence of the settlement. 569: 453: 75: 7311: 5753:

However, a smaller fraction of the economy nowadays is dedicated to producing the traditional products of

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and disposed of the latest of a large number of unexploded bombs found in Pforzheim's grounds since 1945.

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State Gardening Expo in Pforzheim. Enzauenpark was created and part of the Enz river was re-naturalized.

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transport system to the village of Ittersbach were never repaired; those transport systems were retired.

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The general qualification for university admission (Abitur) can be obtained through an education at the

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Establishment of the first workers' union in Pforzheim, the "Pforzheim Gold(-metal) Craftsmen's Union".

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The timber rafting stations of Weissenstein, Dillstein and Pforzheim were well known in the profession.

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Die Pest: Das grosse Sterben um 1500, Web page by LOEBLICHE SINGERGESELLSCHAFT VON 1501 PFORZHEIM, 2005

6808: 6756: 3552: 3532: 662: 483: 42: 8382: 8214: 6276:

The Center of Fellow-Countrymen Associations (Landsmannschaften; especially those from eastern Europe)

5938:) runs by just to the north of the city. The city can be accessed via four A8 exits. In addition, the 3235: 2657:(the home of the timber-floating trade) was established. Next to the western town wall, the suburb of 57: 7093: 5899:, operating 13 urban bus routes. In addition, there are regional bus services to surrounding places. 5881: 5778: 3905: 3319: 2441:

trade, which transported timber from the Black Forest via the rivers Wuerm, Nagold, Enz and down the

170: 7087: 6163:

Pforzheim also has many schools providing the mandatory general elementary and secondary education (

5064:

settled in Pforzheim again. They are affiliated with the deanery of Pforzheim, which belongs to the

4266: 3152:

Pforzheim was occupied by French troops on 10 October 1688. Commanding officer is said to have been

9073: 7128: 6799: 6424:

The Palais and Monastery Church St. Michael (Schloss- und Stiftskirche); it is the city's landmark.

6139: 5651: 5585: 4087:

Formerly independent communities and districts which were incorporated into the City of Pforzheim.

2818:. The school's teachers and pupils played an outstanding role in the dissemination of the ideas of 2686:, also known as guilds, among people working in the same trade were established: The fraternity of 651: 512: 7827:

https://montrespubliques.com/new-1minute-reads/the-golden-age-and-rebirth-of-pforzheim-watchmaking

6567: 4658:

The table below lists the largest immigrant groups of Pforzheim as of 31 December 2018.

3993: 9098: 8106: 7289: 7224: 7188: 6952: 5065: 4067: 655: 461: 35: 9103: 9068: 3141: 9203: 9198: 9138: 9083: 8322: 7683: 7024: 6878: 5809: 5090: 5038: 3792: 3752: 2823: 1779: 601: 9208: 7212: 6082:

Pforzheim is the domicile of the following public authorities and public incorporated bodies:

3769:

The inner-city districts were severely depopulated. According to the State Statistics Bureau (

2804:, was born in Pforzheim on 29 January (he died in Stuttgart on 30 June 1522). He attended the 2714:

in 1512. Members of the same fraternity assisted each other in various ways, for example with

852: 789: 160: 9213: 9178: 9168: 9148: 9108: 7436: 7411: 6795: 6673: 6475: 6135: 5825: 5723:

Current coloring has been used only since 1853; in earlier times the coloring was different.

3547:

to open a blocked fuel line, and after returning home, suggested to her husband that another

3489: 2812:

of Pforzheim developed into one of the most prominent schools in southwestern Germany, named

432: 9133: 6300:

Roman Estate in the Kanzlerwald (the excavated remains of an estate built by Roman settlers)

9235: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9093: 9002: 8574: 7046: 6946: 6829: 6747: 6741: 5869: 5042: 4647: 3777:) in 1939 there were 4,112 registered inhabitants, in 1945 none (0). In the Old Town area ( 3087: 2845: 2591:

selected Pforzheim as their residence. This resulted in the "new town" becoming prominent.

2517: 2480: 586: 577: 442: 332: 148: 8981: 8951: 8946: 7732:[Pforzheim and Baden at the time of Johannes Reuchlin] (in German). Archived from 6814: 6632: 5736: 2626:

The town walls surrounding the new town were completed about 1290. During this era, three

620: 529: 313: 8: 9218: 9188: 9128: 9058: 8165: 8030: 7999: 7971: 7943: 7915: 7887: 7844: 6964: 6044: 5857: 5841: 5643: 3838: 3289:

on the valley slopes had been used up as firewood. The French army reached their camp in

3128: 2827: 2695: 904: 3904:

On 10 July shortly before 22:00, Pforzheim and its surrounding areas were hit by a rare

3735:

On the evening of 23 February 1945, Pforzheim was bombed in one of the most devastating

3389: 3131:'s efforts to expand the territory of France up to the Upper Rhine river and to put the 769: 9340: 9183: 9163: 8976: 8971: 7787: 7659: 7142: 6890: 6868: 6835: 6153: 5817: 5762: 4631: 3846: 3785: 3744: 3717: 3691: 3617:

The Pforzheim watchmaking industry thrived due to the new popularity of wrist-watches.

3503: 3469: 3153: 3146: 3136: 2814: 793: 325: 82: 8634: 7393: 5939: 2718:

and in cases of sickness. In a sense, the fraternities were early forms of health and

9143: 8966: 8785: 8670: 8296: 8086: 7775: 7765: 7647: 7637: 7593: 7583: 7018: 6905: 6841: 6824: 6709: 6695: 6662: 6131: 5647: 5581: 5127: 4635: 4634:

of France. This high population growth period coincided with the period of intensive

3880: 3821:. Fighting was especially fierce in Broetzingen. The French army units (including an 3806: 3721: 3544: 3232: 3221: 3165: 3157: 3047: 2862:

after losing the Battle of Seckenheim. He then began to build a new palace in modern

2841: 2797: 2703: 2668:(Bernhard I), Pforzheim became one of the administrative centers of the margraviate. 2612: 2259: 2212: 1724: 1676: 917: 308: 8262:, this time focussing mainly on the suspected military target, not civilian estates. 7057: 6497: 5989: 5849: 2854:

Margrave Charles I was forced to transfer the palace and the town of Pforzheim as a

8790: 7576:

Portus - Pforzheim: Untersuchungen zur Archäologie und Geschichte in römischer Zeit

7169: 6356: 6211: 5994: 5927: 5105: 4071: 4059: 3736: 3593:

The western borough Brötzingen was incorporated into the administration Pforzheim.

3132: 2859: 2711: 2397: 912: 908: 884: 876: 733: 605: 320: 8392: 8143: 4262: 3523:, which is located about 106 kilometres (66 miles) from Pforzheim. The very first 3257: 3242:

and attacked an imperial army unit of 4,000 cavalry men under the command of Duke

557: 9223: 9173: 9078: 9053: 8246: 7866: 7012: 6921: 6804: 6786: 6725: 5935: 5061: 4963: 4627: 3810: 3740: 3725: 3716:

In 1944, many factories were converted to produce weaponry such as anti-aircraft

3661: 3305: 3220:

On 20 September 1692, again crossed the Rhine river under the general command of

3069:, which included Pforzheim. The (Catholic) monasteries were gradually shut down. 3011: 2932: 2707: 2646: 2588: 2540:

The settlement was mentioned as "Phorzheim" for the first time, in a document by

888: 872: 830: 781: 609: 423: 6703: 6385: 5045:, of which Pforzheim was the capital in those days, Pforzheim continued to be a 2459:

A settlement was established by Roman citizens at the Enz River near the modern

9345: 8815: 8251: 7149: 7113: 7081: 7069: 7036: 6931: 6874: 6856: 6850: 6492: 6171:) as well an institution which is dedicated to further education of grown-ups ( 5837: 5544: 5366: 5100: 5095: 3939: 3801: 3748: 3411: 3393: 3127:) caused tremendous destruction in Southwestern Germany. The French "sun king" 3124: 3110: 2983: 2940: 2831: 2783: 2719: 2674:

Holy Ghost Hospital was founded at Tränk Street (present-day Deimling Street).

2627: 2608: 2438: 834: 590: 553: 8835: 7779: 6619: 3441: 2826:

movement. The most famous pupils included Reuchlin himself, Reuchlin's nephew

903:

The city of Pforzheim consists of 16 city wards. The communities Büchenbronn,

892: 757: 568:, being located on Baden territory. From 1535 to 1565, it was the home to the 565: 9329: 9063: 8584: 8579: 8213: 8052: 7686:

Web page by LOEBLICHE SINGERGESELLSCHAFT VON 1501 PFORZHEIM, 2005; in German.

7597: 7368:

World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)

7063: 7006: 6976: 6958: 6735: 6680: 6505: 6501: 6460: 5931: 5885: 5689: 5046: 3888: 3870: 3653: 3066: 3062: 3007: 2551: 1555: 1004: 801: 281: 268: 8483: 7913:[Firefighters dead – hardly any fire water]. 23.Februar 1945. 7651: 2748: 9153: 8765: 8554: 7242:

Monument commemorating the timber floating profession in medieval Pforzheim

7042: 6992: 6970: 6896: 6780: 6684: 6294:

The Technical Museum of the Jewellery and Watchmaking Industry of Pforzheim

6215: 5985: 5955: 5896: 5813: 5715: 5302: 4643: 3909: 3763: 3419: 3290: 3197: 3014: 2809: 2805: 2521: 2484: 2464: 2434: 2422: 2401: 702: 597: 582: 8795: 8705: 8700: 8140:"Baden-Württemberg. Where ideas work. - Pforzheim, Goldstadt Deutschlands" 7825:"The Golden Age and Rebirth of Pforzheim Watchmaking." Montres Publiques, 5865: 5739:

and has one of the highest densities of industrial activity in the state.

3845:) and Wuerm Bridge received makeshift repairs by the French military. The 3429: 3392:

in Pforzheim invented a device for measuring the sugar content in freshly

3239: 3105:

Toward the end of the Thirty Years' War the "old town" was burned down by

2603:

Pforzheim enjoyed its first period of flourishing. A group of influential

972:

Buckenberg and Hagenschieß; including Altgefäll, Haidach and Wald-Siedlung

777: 721:. Due to its location, this city is also called the "three-valleys town" ( 9158: 8997: 8680: 7761: 7633: 7579: 7051: 7033:(born 1958), football coach and a former player who played over 230 games 7030: 7000: 6940: 6900: 6862: 6790: 6771: 6760: 6539: 6513: 6303:

The Product Exhibition of Pforzheim (jewellery) Companies (Industriehaus)

6130:

and academic exchange programs with many institutions abroad, among them

6071: 5979: 5821: 5148: 4639: 4055: 3796: 3687: 3573: 3512: 3024: 2939:

1501 was also the year for which an outbreak of the plague (probably the

2863: 2773: 2739: 2699: 2630: 2534:

Graves from this period indicate that the settlement had been continued.

880: 868: 848: 805: 765: 741: 8870: 7997:[Courageous citizens save Weißenstein bridge]. 23.Februar 1945. 6606: 6322:

The Puppet Theater of Raphael Muerle / The Marionette Stage Mottenkaefig

5877: 5844:

system has been extended to Pforzheim: since 2019, the local service to

3543:" in Pforzheim. During the trip, Bertha Benz had to make repairs with a 3432:

was completed, thus establishing railway traffic between the capital of

2772:(Friedrich III), was celebrated in Pforzheim with great pomp (including 773: 9007: 8840: 8830: 8820: 8760: 8745: 8740: 8725: 8639: 7394:"Wetter und Klima – Deutscher Wetterdienst – CDC (Climate Data Center)" 7163: 7099: 6909: 6820: 6751: 6241:

Municipal Theatre of Pforzheim (opera, operetta, dance, musical, drama)

6033:

Bernhard Forster GmbH (Forestadent) (Orthodontic Products Manufacturer)

5916: 5766: 5054: 3831: 3729: 3560: 3528: 3273: 3269: 3000: 2974: 2638: 2499: 2468: 864: 809: 797: 745: 615:

From 1945 to 1948, Pforzheim (after the initial French occupation) was

449: 428: 361: 337: 8775: 8629: 7807:

Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung: „Ein zehnmal gespaltenes Haar in Gold“

4261:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

2544:. Visits to Pforzheim by Heinrich IV in 1067 and 1074 are documented. 9032: 9017: 9012: 8865: 8825: 8800: 8730: 8685: 8654: 8649: 8614: 8589: 8539: 8513: 8508: 8493: 7173: 6925: 6884: 6775: 6517: 6406:

former Public Health Authority building (Gesundheitsamt) at Blumenhof

6204: 6059: 5889: 5873: 5845: 5789: 5758: 5085: 4063: 3917: 3818: 3699: 3657: 3516: 3445: 3437: 3164:

Between 2 and 4 August, the French army under the general command of

3003: 2962: 2947: 2886: 2765: 2744: 2641:

order established their domicile within the town wall at present-day

2597:

A mayor of Pforzheim was mentioned in a document for the first time.

2562: 2476: 2472: 2450: 2430: 2426: 2390: 844: 840: 785: 753: 749: 706: 604:

a number of times. The largest raid, and one of the most devastating

545: 541: 348: 8609: 8137: 7885:[Shot at while fetching milk from planes]. 23.Februar 1945. 7292:[Population by nationality and sex as of December 31, 2022] 6267:

Archeological Site Kappelhof – Roman and medieval excavation objects

3200:

on 3 August 1691, they assaulted the Margraves' residential town of

701:

Pforzheim is located at the northern rim of the eastern part of the

640: 24: 9088: 9022: 8850: 8690: 8624: 8564: 8559: 8534: 8473: 7290:"Bevölkerung nach Nationalität und Geschlecht am 31. Dezember 2022" 6719: 6669: 6554: 6200: 5947: 5706: 4927: 4837: 4819: 3814: 3556: 3540: 3524: 3520: 3343: 3213: 3209: 3051: 3028: 2819: 2801: 2758: 2732: 2715: 2634: 2513: 2386: 1015:

Climate data for Karlsruhe (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–2020)

860: 856: 817: 813: 737: 624: 589:

at the same time. Also, it hosts the administrative offices of the

8695: 8308: 8122:"TX 400 Series Perpetual Weekly Calendar Ref. T3C301 Watch Review" 6523:

The Weststadtpark in the borough Maihälden, an extensive park area

6297:

Weissenstein Station – On Railway History in the area of Pforzheim

8810: 8755: 8675: 8644: 8604: 8503: 8498: 8478: 8447: 8442: 7370:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from 7364:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020" 6845: 6640: 6627: 6593: 6580: 6127: 5959: 5785: 5770: 5754: 5017: 4981: 4765: 4747: 4693: 4018:

Inauguration of the cultural institution "Kulturhaus Osterfeld".

4003: 3983: 3826: 3822: 3535:

of the inventor had hit the roads only two years earlier after a

3473: 3308: 3228: 3205: 3201: 3106: 2966: 2855: 2616: 2306: 761: 533: 301: 6979:(born 1990), Author, publisher, museum director and entrepreneur 3352:

The Administrative District Pforzheim of Baden was split into a

3346:

in Pforzheim caused many deaths, disrupting the town's economy.

710: 8845: 8594: 8569: 8544: 8529: 8468: 8452: 8437: 8028:[Ten days fighting over "dead city"]. 23.Februar 1945. 6988: 6691: 6645: 6614: 6601: 6588: 6562: 6123: 6000: 5967: 5943: 5848:

is the S5 tram-train continuing into Karlsruhe city centre and

5833: 5793: 5781:

passes through Pforzheim. It is also the starting point of the

5053:, unless they were members of one of the independent churches ( 4999: 4909: 4891: 4873: 4855: 4783: 4675: 4630:

of 1815 after the violent period that was so much dominated by

3698:(France). Only 55 of the 195 deported persons escaped from the 3665: 3536: 3340: 3265: 3260:

and looted and destroyed the villages and towns of Huchenfeld,

3253: 3181: 3109:(i.e. Catholic) troops. It was rebuilt, but without the former 2970: 2944: 2777: 2687: 2559: 2509: 2508:

The Roman settlement 'Portus' was destroyed completely, as the

2442: 714: 8081:. The Watch Report. Archived from the original on 17 May 2007. 7969:[Immediate report after the attack]. 23.Februar 1945. 7060:(born 1981), football goalkeeper who has played over 240 games 6273:

Museum on the German Democratic Republic (former east Germany)

6109:(a public incorporated body; Regionalverband Nordschwarzwald). 5808:, part of the legacy railway between Karlsruhe and Stuttgart. 8855: 8780: 8770: 8720: 8710: 8619: 8488: 7437:"Climate and monthly weather forecast for Pforzheim, Germany" 6575: 6549: 6509: 5143: 4945: 4801: 4711: 4638:

of Germany. Population growth weakened due to the effects of

3636: 3433: 3286: 2894: 2691: 2683: 2525: 2446: 561: 8290: 7152:(1936–2016), composer, choirmaster and church music director 6027:

Allgemeine Gold- und Silberscheideanstalt (metal processing)

3506:; now incorporated into Hochschule (University) Pforzheim). 496: 8750: 8599: 8549: 8259: 6838:(1899–1985), painter of naturalistic landscapes and flowers 6427:

The Old Town Church St. Martin (Altstadtkirche; Protestant)

6030:

Sparkasse Pforzheim Calw (Local financial services company)

5829: 4729: 3913: 3695: 3632: 3548: 3493: 3397: 3261: 3093: 2958: 6817:(1890–1956), Swiss industrialist and armament manufacturer 5895:

Local bus service in Pforzheim is currently franchised to

5142:

At an early stage, the town administration was led by the

5071:

Other denominations and religious sects in Pforzheim are:

3519:

in order to visit relatives. She had started her drive in

9037: 8860: 8303:

Pforzheim as a destination - Presented in travel magazine

3976:

Inauguration of the City Theater at the Waisenhausplatz.

3248: 2993:. (They are probably one of the oldest clubs in Europe). 2649: 2488: 718: 549: 8275:, but must be from another source which is not recorded. 7975:(in German). No. 44. pp. 22–23. Archived from 6090:(a federal government agency; Arbeitsagentur Pforzheim). 8945:

Regions, and urban and rural districts in the state of

6306:

The Exhibition of Precious Stones by Widow Mrs. Schuett

7131:), Member of State Parliament, Lord Mayor of Pforzheim 6397:

The former main post office and Brötzingen post office

6319:

Kupferdaechle (The Copper Roof Teenage Culture Center)

5982:, worldwide selling, family-owned jewellery since 1893 3758:

There were also several minor raids in 1944 and 1945.

2524:

and conquered the Roman administered area west of the

705:(Schwarzwald) and the rim of the hilly country of the 8138:

Baden-Württemberg. Where ideas work. (17 June 2006).

7848:(in German). No. 145. p. 26. Archived from 7254:

Haidach planned suburb, Buckenberg estate, Enz valley

7090:(born 1994), footballer who has played over 300 games 7078:(born 1992), footballer who has played over 380 games 7066:(born 1984), footballer who has played over 230 games 6955:(born 1966), businessman, nightclub and brothel owner 6430:

Resurrection Church (Auferstehungskirche; Protestant)

6291:

The Pforzheim City Museum Pforzheim (on city history)

5812:, the central station, is a junction station, as two 3879:

On the occasion of the 500th birthday anniversary of

709:, in an open valley at the confluences of the rivers 8034:(in German). No. 80. p. 24. Archived from 8003:(in German). No. 73. p. 20. Archived from 7947:(in German). No. 33. p. 18. Archived from 7919:(in German). No. 46. p. 24. Archived from 7891:(in German). No. 52. p. 20. Archived from 7555:[Brief chronicle of the city of Pforzheim]. 4062:

engineered in Pforzheim over a five-year period, to

2558:). At that time Pforzheim belonged to the estate of 528:

of over 125,000 inhabitants in the federal state of

8422: 7054:(born 1979), former footballer who played 381 games 7045:(born 1977), snowboarder and gold medallist at the 6335: 2973:region in nowadays France, Switzerland, and Italy. 2619:manufacturing, and other crafts. Documents mention 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 8166:"Die Synagoge in Pforzheim (Stadtkreis Pforzheim)" 6973:(born 1972), composer, jazz pianist and bandleader 6934:(born 1954), economist and a former member of the 6288:The Pforzheim Jewellery Museum in the Reuchlinhaus 4030:Inauguration of the Archeological Site Kappelhof. 3664:) of the Jewish community was so badly damaged by 3362:The two Rural Districts were combined to form the 8053:"Verheerender Tornado in Pforzheim am 10.07.1968" 7072:(born 1992), footballer who played over 320 games 6967:(born 1971), composer, musicologist and publicist 6491:Brötzingen Valley Stadium. This is the classical 6179: 3668:activists that it had to be demolished later on. 3646:Establishment of the municipal Jewellery Museum. 9327: 8091:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 7730:"Pforzheim und Baden zur Zeit Johannes Reuchlin" 6500:(score 2–1 after extra time; 1961) and 1. FCP – 6442:Sacred Heart Church (Herz-Jesu-Kirche; Catholic) 6433:The Bare Feet Church (Barfüsserkirche; Catholic) 3414:network with the completion of a section of the 3396:grape juice for assessing the future quality of 3027:division of the clan of the Margraves of Baden, 2790:(Reuchlin-Highschool) today near the water tower 2738:(Bernhard I) in Pforzheim. On this occasion the 6887:(1930–2013), music promoter and concert manager 6844:(1900–1967), race car driver and co-founder of 6534:List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany 6527: 3587:Revival of the Pforzheim watchmaking industry. 3040:A large fire caused severe damage to the town. 7134:1985 * Willi Weigelt (1920–2002), politician ( 7102:(born 1998), footballer, played over 170 games 7096:(born 1995), footballer, played over 200 games 7084:(born 1993), footballer, played over 340 games 6949:(born 1957), journalist and political activist 6918:(born 1942), criminologist and legal scientist 6832:(1895–1980), physicist and electrical engineer 6146:, in Chicago, of the United States of America. 3404:). It is still in use in the winery business. 2751:. The Margrave was appointed as their patron. 627:and has some landmark buildings of the 1950s. 8925: 8408: 7995:"Beherzte Bürger retten Weißensteiner Brücke" 6789:(1871–1941), photographer. father of painter 6459:The notable New Synagogue (1890) was lost on 5980:Wellendorff Gold-Creationen GmbH & Co. KG 5726: 4471: 4296: 3932:Inauguration of the new Pforzheim City Hall. 8113: 8076: 8019: 8017: 7876: 7874: 7356: 6893:(1934–2021), chemist and university lecturer 5746:after receiving an edict from then overlord 3970:Inauguration of the City Convention Center. 3724:for bombs, and allegedly even parts for the 3502:Inauguration of the Arts and Crafts School ( 8119: 7883:"Beim Milchholen aus Flugzeugen beschossen" 7696: 7694: 7692: 7116:, (1859-1941), historian and city architect 6961:(born 1966), economist and politician (CDU) 6415:Stadtbau Building (Architect: Luigi Snozzi) 6257:Symphony Orchestra of the City of Pforzheim 6113: 5908:(VPE), offering mutually integrated fares. 5888:serve Pforzheim on its Karlsruhe-Stuttgart- 3958:Inauguration of the Pforzheim City Museum. 3916:buses then still operating in town and the 3354:Municipal District Administration Pforzheim 3135:under pressure to severe its ties with the 823: 669:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 8932: 8918: 8415: 8401: 8295: 8133: 8131: 7821: 7819: 7792:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7751: 7749: 7747: 7745: 7743: 7684:Thomas Frei: Pforzheim im 16. Jahrhundert. 7664:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7623: 7621: 7619: 7617: 7615: 7613: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7527: 7525: 7523: 7521: 7519: 7517: 7515: 7513: 7511: 7509: 7507: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7497: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7477: 6468: 6107:Northern Black Forest Regional Association 5973: 3428:The railway section between Pforzheim and 3244:Frederick Charles of Württemberg-Winnental 2913:Foundation of the first printer's shop by 617:administered by the United States military 8899:Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants 8014: 7871: 7475: 7473: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7465: 7463: 7461: 7459: 7457: 7298:Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg 7166:Lodge "Reuchlin" is located in Pforzheim. 7039:(born 1974), German-Italian tennis player 6807:(1888–1965), sociologist and exponent of 6774:(1849–1944), wife of automotive engineer 6488:The Game Animals Zoo (Wildpark Pforzheim) 6389:Resurrection Church (Auferstehungskirche) 6101:Northern Black Forest Chamber of Commerce 6018:Witzenmann GmbH (Specialized Metal Goods) 3569:Inauguration of the Pforzheim Synagogue. 689:Learn how and when to remove this message 619:and was part of the short-lived state of 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 8070: 7941:[Died abroad]. 23.Februar 1945. 7689: 6987: 6690: 6679: 6668: 6657: 6439:The Protestant City Church (Stadtkirche) 6436:Christ Church of Brötzingen (Protestant) 6384: 6310: 6120:Pforzheim University of Applied Sciences 5919:, connected there to the still existing 5876:(routes IRE1 and MEX17a), as well as to 5705: 4662:Largest immigrant groups by nationality 4082: 3883:, the city of Pforzheim established the 3456:Higher District Administration Pforzheim 3381:Higher District Administration Pforzheim 3322:, where the town's motion was defeated. 3092: 3065:) as the state religion in the district 2782: 2550:The "old town" of Pforzheim was awarded 725:) or the "Gateway to the Black Forest" ( 608:of World War II, was carried out by the 8128: 8099: 7911:"Feuerwehrleute tot – kaum Löschwasser" 7816: 7740: 7723: 7721: 7719: 7717: 7715: 7713: 7711: 7709: 7679: 7677: 7675: 7604: 7206:The New City Hall and Waisenhaus square 7156: 6403:Goldener Adler Building at Leopoldplatz 6361:District office tower (Bezirksamtsturm) 4041:Inauguration of the Pforzheim Gallery. 4002:Sister City agreement with the City of 3992:Sister City agreement with the City of 3982:Sister City agreement with the City of 3690:of Jewish citizens of Pforzheim to the 3364:Rural District Administration Pforzheim 727:Pforte zum Schwarzwald / Porta Hercynia 9328: 7573: 7454: 7312:"Kleine Stadtchronik: Stadt Pforzheim" 6853:(1905–1945), musicologist and composer 6712:(1455–1522), humanist and philosopher. 2694:on 14 May 1422, the fraternity of the 984:Eutingen an der Enz including Mäuerach 8913: 8396: 8107:"Timex: Start in ein neues Zeitalter" 7908: 7755: 7627: 6732:Charles II, Margrave of Baden-Durlach 6349:The House of Industry (Industriehaus) 6097:(a state agency; Finanzamt Pforzheim) 6058:(BNN) with main editorial offices in 5060:Since the 19th century at the latest 2989:, which is still active today as the 2955:Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen 2352:Source: Weather2visit, Weather Atlas 511: 389:98.03 km (37.85 sq mi) 9361:Urban districts of Baden-Württemberg 8272: 8026:"Zehn Tage um "tote Stadt" gekämpft" 8023: 7992: 7880: 7837: 7727: 7706: 7672: 7412:"Pforzheim monthly weather averages" 7277:Oberbürgermeisterwahl Pforzheim 2017 7106: 6899:(born 1938), artist, pioneer of the 6183: 6065: 4247: 3860: 3739:of World War II. Carried out by the 3712:Bombing of Pforzheim in World War II 2991:Loebliche Singergesellschaft of 1501 2929:Christoph I, Margrave of Baden-Baden 2905:Christoph I, Margrave of Baden-Baden 2891:Christoph I, Margrave of Baden-Baden 2868:Christoph I, Margrave of Baden-Baden 2565:, according to monastery documents. 2471:in France) and the military camp at 2433:were. These colonists constructed a 2425:earlier than the current centers of 2369: 667:adding citations to reliable sources 634: 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 8256:map showing the destroyed city area 7553:"Kurze Chronik der Stadt Pforzheim" 7121:Johann Peter Brandenburg, (DE Wiki) 6798:(1877–1957), chemist, won the 1927 6783:(1857–1946), jewellery manufacturer 5701: 4091:Administrative unions of Pforzheim 3631:Along with the installation of the 2710:in 1501, and the fraternity of the 1003:This climate table an excerpt from 717:, as well as the rivers Nagold and 548:at the confluence of three rivers ( 13: 7964: 7936: 7813:) (accessed last 19 February 2012) 6936:German Council of Economic Experts 6871:(1905–1988), writer and researcher 6823:(1891–1942), engineer and head of 6766:Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Roller 6370:The Old Grapes Press of Brötzingen 6352:The Arch Bridge at Dillweißenstein 5905:Verkehrsverbund Pforzheim-Enzkreis 4466: 4291: 3677:(Bezirksamt) was converted to the 2645:(the choir of which remains), the 2621:mayor, judge, council and citizens 593:district that surrounds the city. 123:City in Baden-Württemberg, Germany 16:City in Baden-Württemberg, Germany 14: 9372: 8282: 7728:Groh, Christian (10 April 2005). 6859:(1905–1937), stage and film actor 6716:Ernest, Margrave of Baden-Durlach 6653: 6481:The Main Cemetery (Hauptfriedhof) 6282:The Pforzheim Gallery (paintings) 6052:, which is a regional edition of 5988:GmbH & Co. KG, Workmaster of 5748:Margrave Karl Friedrich von Baden 3675:Regional Administration Pforzheim 3460:Regional Administration Pforzheim 3169:Jacques Henri de Durfort de Duras 2770:Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor 1772:World Meteorological Organization 911:, are represented by independent 560:). It marks the frontier between 238: 206: 8950: 8940: 8307: 7967:"Sofortmeldung nach dem Angriff" 7247: 7235: 7223: 7211: 7199: 7187: 7172:, an internationally successful 6728:(1485–1560), humanist and jurist 6639: 6626: 6613: 6600: 6587: 6574: 6561: 6548: 6346:The Archive Building (Archivbau) 6336:Notable examples of architecture 6325:The Communal Cinema of Pforzheim 6188: 6144:Illinois Institute of Technology 5864:offer connections to Karlsruhe, 5010: 4992: 4974: 4956: 4938: 4920: 4902: 4884: 4866: 4848: 4830: 4812: 4794: 4776: 4758: 4740: 4722: 4704: 4686: 4668: 4252: 3225:Guy Aldonce de Durfort de Lorges 3194:Guy Aldonce de Durfort de Lorges 3121:War of the Palatinian Succession 2374: 975:Büchenbronn including Sonnenberg 639: 237: 230: 205: 198: 169: 159: 147: 23: 8424:Cities in Germany by population 8265: 8238: 8206: 8180: 8158: 8045: 7986: 7958: 7930: 7902: 7859: 7831: 7800: 7758:Pforzheim in der frühen Neuzeit 7567: 7176:, has its origins in Pforzheim. 5121: 4077: 4033: 3705: 3579: 3410:Pforzheim was connected to the 3331: 3296: 3173:Ezéchiel du Mas, Comte de Mélac 3078: 2920: 2702:in 1491, the fraternity of the 2698:in 1469, the fraternity of the 2677: 34:needs additional citations for 9351:Holocaust locations in Germany 8368:New International Encyclopedia 8221:New International Encyclopedia 8142:. Bw-invest.de. Archived from 7993:Frei, Thomas (31 March 2005). 7811:A ten times split hair in gold 7429: 7404: 7386: 7330: 7318:(in German). City of Pforzheim 7304: 7282: 7270: 6328:CongressCenter Pforzheim (CCP) 6203:format but may read better as 6180:Culture and places of interest 6077: 6062:, are published in Pforzheim. 5915:existed between Pforzheim and 5137: 4653: 3773:), in the Market Square area ( 2885:) for the towns Pforzheim und 2453:, which was built in a swamp. 2389:format but may read better as 833:, all of them are part of the 600:, Pforzheim was bombed by the 1: 8271:These figures are similar to 8120:Arial Adams (9 August 2009). 8077:Paul Hubbard (7 April 2007). 8024:Frei, Thomas (8 April 2005). 7881:Frei, Thomas (4 March 2005). 7838:Frei, Thomas (26 June 2004). 7259: 6943:(born 1957), fashion designer 6924:(born 1948), director of the 6665:400th Anniversary Medal, 1922 6448:St. Francis Church (Catholic) 6279:The Pforzheim Minerals Museum 6245: 6003:, watch movement manufacturer 5816:branch lines start here: the 5130:of Pforzheim consists of the 4237: 4155:Parts of Hagenschieß district 3652:On 9 November, the so-called 2729:Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor 2053:Average snowfall cm (inches) 1983:Average rainfall mm (inches) 898: 253:Show map of Baden-Württemberg 7867:Campaign Diary February 1945 7840:"Ein lokales Geschichtswerk" 7264: 7027:(1933–1956), Israeli hurdler 6722:of Baden-Pforzheim from 1533 6528:Twin towns and sister cities 6055:Badische Neueste Nachrichten 5921:Busenbach–Ittersbach railway 5880:via Calw (RB73). Also, some 5804:Pforzheim is located on the 5799: 5776:European long-distance trail 5028: 4650:period in the 17th century. 3944:Northern Black Forest Region 3373:Municipal District Pforzheim 3046:After the conclusion of the 2542:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor 2366:History of Baden-Württemberg 1778:Source 2: Data derived from 630: 7: 9336:Cities in Baden-Württemberg 7842:[A local history]. 7559:(in German). Archived from 7230:Statue of Johannes Reuchlin 6759:(1798–1886), physician and 6750:(1782–1843), goldsmith and 6380: 6252:Pforzheim Chamber Orchestra 5287:Christoph Friedrich Krenkel 5116: 5111:Church of Christ, Scientist 3837:The three months of French 2690:in 1410, the fraternity of 1913:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1843:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1794:Climate data for Pforzheim 1344:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1204:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 575:The City of Pforzheim is a 418:1,300/km (3,400/sq mi) 10: 9377: 7909:ef-te (25 February 2005). 7756:Becht, Hans-Peter (1989). 7628:Becht, Hans-Peter (1983). 7180: 7143:Richard Ziegler, (DE Wiki) 7138:), Lord Mayor of Pforzheim 7123:, (1905-1977) politician ( 6865:(1905–1990), psychoanalyst 6809:philosophical anthropology 6757:Karl Heinrich Baumgaertner 6706:(born 2003), jazz musician 6531: 6496:matches 1. FC Pforzheim – 6340: 6261: 6235: 6009:Klingel Mail Order Company 5862:DB Regio Baden-Württemberg 5854:Go-Ahead Baden-Württemberg 5783:Black Forest Hiking Routes 5727:Economy and infrastructure 4282: 4060:a line of high-end watches 3830:had been drafted into the 3709: 3553:Bertha Benz Memorial Route 3533:internal combustion engine 2768:of Austria, the sister of 2363: 2359: 2351: 1793: 1777: 1769: 1014: 1002: 997: 570:Margraves of Baden-Durlach 9232: 9046: 8990: 8959: 8879: 8663: 8522: 8461: 8430: 7939:"In der Fremde gestorben" 7582:: Verlag Regionalkultur. 7344:(in German). Enz district 6768:(1802–1878), psychiatrist 6412:The Old and New City Hall 5913:metre-gauge light railway 5710:Coat of arms of Pforzheim 5156:Lord mayors of Pforzheim 4309:— 4141:Parts of Haidach district 3908:. It was rated F4 on the 3356:and two Rural Districts. 3320:Imperial Court of Justice 3184:also was a heavy burden. 2304: 2257: 2210: 2166: 2122: 2052: 1982: 1912: 1842: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1722: 1674: 1627: 1553: 1483: 1413: 1343: 1273: 1203: 1133: 1063: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1019: 492: 482: 472: 460: 439: 422: 414: 406: 401: 393: 385: 380: 359: 354: 343: 331: 319: 307: 297: 262: 192: 183: 155: 146: 137: 128: 9074:Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald 8353:The Nuttall Encyclopædia 8231: 8215:"Reuchlin, Johann" 7630:Pforzheim im Mittelalter 7338:"Städte & Gemeinden" 6983: 6800:Nobel Prize in Chemistry 6718:(1482–1553), the ruling 6394:The Main Railway Station 6140:Brigham Young University 6114:Educational institutions 6037: 6012:Bader Mail Order Company 5970:) run through the city. 5911:Between 1900 and 1968 a 5806:Karlsruhe–Mühlacker line 5731:Pforzheim is one of the 5578:Johann Peter Brandenburg 5051:National Church of Baden 3679:Rural District Pforzheim 3416:Karlsruhe–Mühlacker line 3377:Rural District Pforzheim 3086:At the beginning of the 2494:This place was known as 824:Neighbouring communities 397:273 m (896 ft) 8383:The American Cyclopædia 8338:Encyclopædia Britannica 8224:. Vol. XVII. 1905. 7965:PM (23 February 2005). 7937:VE (10 February 2005). 7218:Enz river at Rossbrücke 7021:(1905–1958), footballer 7015:(1898–1967), footballer 7009:(1892–1964), footballer 7003:(1889–1914), footballer 6953:Marcus Prinz von Anhalt 6469:Other sites of interest 6409:District Court Building 6212:converting this section 6095:Internal Revenue Agency 6015:Wenz Mail Order Company 5974:Major local enterprises 5840:. Since the 1990s, the 5066:Archdiocese of Freiburg 4105:Increase in sq mi 3791:In early April, as the 3771:Statistisches Landesamt 3563:to Pforzheim and back. 3379:are merged to form the 3236:Noël Bouton de Chamilly 2764:(Karl I) of Baden with 2398:converting this section 581:, meaning it is both a 9284:North Rhine-Westphalia 9279:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 8341:(11th ed.). 1911. 8323:Encyclopedia Americana 8194:(in German). Pforzheim 8168:. Alemannia-judaica.de 7574:Kortüm, Klaus (1995). 7557:Stadtarchivs Pforzheim 7114:Alfons Kern, (DE Wiki) 7088:Julian Günther-Schmidt 6996: 6879:abstract expressionist 6877:(1925–2023), American 6734:(1529-1577), governed 6699: 6688: 6677: 6666: 6390: 6158:Fritz-Erler-Highschool 6048:(independent) and the 5810:Pforzheim Hauptbahnhof 5711: 5271:Jakob Friedrich Dreher 5185:Ernst Matthaeus Kummer 5086:Adventist Congregation 5076:Israelite Congregation 5039:Protestant Reformation 5037:in 1556 installed the 3492:between Pforzheim and 3472:between Pforzheim and 3276:. They also destroyed 3227:, and advanced toward 3099: 2824:protestant reformation 2791: 2421:It was settled by the 1780:Deutscher Wetterdienst 532:, in the southwest of 8312:Texts on Wikisource: 7194:Church of St. Michael 6991: 6796:Heinrich Otto Wieland 6694: 6683: 6674:Heinrich Otto Wieland 6672: 6661: 6568:Saint-Maur-des-Fossés 6476:Alpengarten Pforzheim 6388: 6311:Cultural institutions 6270:Civic Museum Eutingen 6136:University of Wyoming 6042:The daily newspapers 5826:Nagold Valley Railway 5709: 4279:Historical population 4083:Administrative unions 3994:Saint-Maur-des-Fossés 3490:Nagold Valley Railway 3440:, and the capital of 3096: 3006:movement advanced by 2943:) is recorded in the 2786: 2661:gradually developed. 1414:Mean minimum °C (°F) 1134:Mean maximum °C (°F) 513:[ˈpfɔʁtshaɪm] 509:German pronunciation: 441: • Summer ( 186:Location of Pforzheim 9289:Rhineland-Palatinate 8894:Metropolitan regions 8575:Freiburg im Breisgau 8010:on 12 November 2005. 7855:on 25 December 2004. 7342:Landratsamt Enzkreis 7157:Miscellaneous topics 7145:(1891-1992), painter 7047:1998 Winter Olympics 6830:Hans Ferdinand Mayer 6748:Christopher Bechtler 6744:(1763–1829), painter 6742:Philipp Jakob Becker 6024:Thales (Electronics) 6006:Schmid Machine Tools 5870:Bietigheim-Bissingen 5842:Karlsruhe tram-train 5744:Jean François Autran 5561:Friedrich Adolf Katz 5081:Islamic Congregation 5043:Margraviate of Baden 3853:) and Horse Bridge ( 3142:Brûlez le Palatinat! 2846:Battle of Seckenheim 2518:Upper Germanic Limes 2481:Upper Germanic Limes 1064:Record high °C (°F) 663:improve this section 484:Vehicle registration 415: • Density 282:48.89500°N 8.70500°E 43:improve this article 8776:Mülheim an der Ruhr 8041:on 9 November 2005. 8031:Pforzheimer Zeitung 8000:Pforzheimer Zeitung 7972:Pforzheimer Zeitung 7944:Pforzheimer Zeitung 7916:Pforzheimer Zeitung 7888:Pforzheimer Zeitung 7845:Pforzheimer Zeitung 7736:on 27 October 2005. 7076:Matthias Zimmermann 6478:, closed since 2006 6154:Reuchlin-Highschool 6088:Employment Exchange 6045:Pforzheimer Zeitung 5884:trains operated by 5858:SWEG Bahn Stuttgart 5644:Christel Augenstein 5415:Ferdinand Habermehl 5335:Christian Crecelius 5157: 5091:Jehovah's Witnesses 4663: 4280: 4225:Eutingen an der Enz 4092: 3488:The section of the 3318:all the way to the 3293:on 5 October 1692. 3123:" (also called the 2951:Annalium Suevicorum 2903:A contract between 2828:Philipp Melanchthon 2800:, the great German 2520:border line of the 2516:tribes overran the 2483:border line of the 2167:Average snowy days 2123:Average rainy days 1628:Average snowy days 1484:Record low °C (°F) 1274:Daily mean °C (°F) 1005:Karlsruhe § Climate 952:Southwestern ward ( 945:Southeastern ward ( 905:Eutingen an der Enz 853:Niefern-Öschelbronn 790:Niefern-Öschelbronn 478:07231, 07234, 07041 278: / 221:Show map of Germany 9356:Karlsruhe (region) 9309:Schleswig-Holstein 8146:on 14 October 2007 8079:"Timex TX Watches" 7865:From RAF website: 7374:on 12 October 2023 6997: 6891:Werner Tochtermann 6869:Herbert Witzenmann 6738:from 1552 to 1577. 6700: 6689: 6678: 6667: 6456:The Islamic Mosque 6391: 6214:, if appropriate. 6050:Pforzheimer Kurier 5997:, logistics centre 5818:Enz Valley Railway 5763:electro-technology 5712: 5200:W.C. Steinhaeuser 5155: 4661: 4632:Napoleon Bonaparte 4278: 4090: 3786:RAF Bomber Command 3745:RAF Bomber Command 3692:concentration camp 3504:Kunstgewerbeschule 3470:Enz Valley Railway 3154:Joseph de Montclar 3147:Marquis de Louvois 3137:League of Augsburg 3100: 2987:Singergesellschaft 2961:and about 4000 in 2815:Reuchlin-Gymnasium 2792: 2788:Reuchlin-Gymnasium 2633:established their 2601:13th/14th century: 2589:Margraves of Baden 2400:, if appropriate. 913:community councils 407: • Total 386: • Total 9323: 9322: 9249:Baden-Württemberg 8947:Baden-Württemberg 8907: 8906: 8786:Offenbach am Main 8671:Bergisch Gladbach 8494:Frankfurt am Main 7982:on 10 March 2005. 7954:on 10 March 2005. 7926:on 10 March 2005. 7898:on 10 March 2005. 7279:, Staatsanzeiger. 7107:Honorary citizens 7019:Theodor Burkhardt 6906:Jochen Hasenmayer 6842:Adolf Rosenberger 6825:Organisation Todt 6815:Emil Georg Bührle 6710:Johannes Reuchlin 6696:Jochen Hasenmayer 6663:Johannes Reuchlin 6633:Győr-Moson-Sopron 6233: 6232: 6132:Auburn University 6066:Courts of Justice 5737:Baden-Württemberg 5735:(Oberzentrum) in 5699: 5698: 5132:Oberbürgermeister 5026: 5025: 4648:Thirty Years' War 4636:industrialisation 4624: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4456: 4455: 4274: 4273: 4235: 4234: 4222:20 September 1975 4096:Date incorporated 3881:Johannes Reuchlin 3861:Post-World War II 3775:Marktplatzviertel 3737:area bombardments 3158:Holy Roman Empire 3088:Thirty Years' War 3048:Peace of Augsburg 2999:The ideas of the 2879:Weavers Ordinance 2842:collegiate church 2798:Johannes Reuchlin 2475:(now a suburb of 2461:Altstädter Brücke 2419: 2418: 2356: 2355: 1785: 1784: 1677:relative humidity 699: 698: 691: 621:Württemberg-Baden 606:area bombardments 530:Baden-Württemberg 502: 501: 314:Baden-Württemberg 287:48.89500; 8.70500 119: 118: 111: 93: 9368: 9238:of German states 9199:Schwarzwald-Baar 8954: 8944: 8934: 8927: 8920: 8911: 8910: 8417: 8410: 8403: 8394: 8393: 8387: 8372: 8357: 8342: 8327: 8311: 8299: 8294: 8293: 8291:Official website 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6228: 6225: 6219: 6210:You can help by 6192: 6191: 6184: 5733:regional centers 5702:The coat of arms 5497:Karl Mohrenstein 5158: 5154: 5106:Methodist Church 5035:Karl II of Baden 5016: 5014: 5013: 4998: 4996: 4995: 4980: 4978: 4977: 4962: 4960: 4959: 4944: 4942: 4941: 4926: 4924: 4923: 4908: 4906: 4905: 4890: 4888: 4887: 4872: 4870: 4869: 4854: 4852: 4851: 4836: 4834: 4833: 4818: 4816: 4815: 4800: 4798: 4797: 4782: 4780: 4779: 4764: 4762: 4761: 4746: 4744: 4743: 4728: 4726: 4725: 4710: 4708: 4707: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4674: 4672: 4671: 4664: 4660: 4473: 4468: 4460: 4459: 4298: 4293: 4285: 4284: 4281: 4277: 4256: 4255: 4248: 4166:1 September 1971 4093: 4089: 3851:Altstädterbrücke 3656:, the Pforzheim 3390:Ferdinand Öchsle 3278:Liebeneck castle 3133:Elector Palatine 2889:was approved by 2883:Wollweberordnung 2860:Elector Palatine 2726:8–9 August 1418: 2655:Flösser Quarters 2643:Barfuesserkirche 2532:6th/7th century: 2414: 2411: 2405: 2396:You can help by 2378: 2377: 2370: 1791: 1790: 1631: 1012: 1011: 885:Birkenfeld (Enz) 877:Unterreichenbach 770:Königsbach-Stein 734:Birkenfeld (Enz) 723:Drei-Täler Stadt 694: 687: 683: 680: 674: 643: 635: 523: 522: 521: 515: 510: 497:www.pforzheim.de 446: 366: 365:(2017–25) 293: 292: 290: 289: 288: 283: 279: 276: 275: 274: 271: 254: 247: 241: 240: 234: 222: 215: 209: 208: 202: 173: 163: 151: 132: 126: 125: 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 9376: 9375: 9371: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9366: 9365: 9326: 9325: 9324: 9319: 9318: 9228: 9194:Schwäbisch Hall 9149:Neckar-Odenwald 9047:Rural districts 9042: 8991:Urban districts 8986: 8955: 8938: 8908: 8903: 8875: 8664:100,000–199,999 8659: 8635:Mönchengladbach 8523:200,000–499,999 8518: 8462:500,000–999,999 8457: 8426: 8421: 8375: 8360: 8345: 8330: 8315: 8289: 8288: 8285: 8280: 8279: 8270: 8266: 8243: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8212: 8211: 8207: 8197: 8195: 8188:"Partnerstädte" 8186: 8185: 8181: 8171: 8169: 8164: 8163: 8159: 8149: 8147: 8136: 8129: 8118: 8114: 8105: 8104: 8100: 8084: 8083: 8075: 8071: 8061: 8059: 8057:tornadoliste.de 8051: 8050: 8046: 8038: 8022: 8015: 8007: 7991: 7987: 7979: 7963: 7959: 7951: 7935: 7931: 7923: 7907: 7903: 7895: 7879: 7872: 7864: 7860: 7852: 7836: 7832: 7824: 7817: 7805: 7801: 7785: 7784: 7772: 7754: 7741: 7726: 7707: 7699: 7690: 7682: 7673: 7657: 7656: 7644: 7626: 7605: 7590: 7572: 7568: 7563:on 15 May 2006. 7551: 7550: 7455: 7445: 7443: 7435: 7434: 7430: 7420: 7418: 7416:weather 2 visit 7410: 7409: 7405: 7392: 7391: 7387: 7377: 7375: 7362: 7361: 7357: 7347: 7345: 7336: 7335: 7331: 7321: 7319: 7310: 7309: 7305: 7293: 7288: 7287: 7283: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7262: 7255: 7252: 7243: 7240: 7231: 7228: 7219: 7216: 7207: 7204: 7195: 7192: 7183: 7159: 7109: 7013:Hellmut Maneval 6986: 6947:Jürgen Elsässer 6922:Dieter Kosslick 6805:Erich Rothacker 6787:Guillermo Kahlo 6726:Nikolaus Gerbel 6656: 6651: 6638: 6625: 6622:, Poland (2007) 6612: 6609:, Turkey (2007) 6599: 6596:, Russia (2007) 6586: 6573: 6570:, France (1989) 6560: 6547: 6536: 6530: 6471: 6418:Sparkasse 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Goettgen.de. 8098: 8069: 8044: 8013: 7985: 7957: 7929: 7901: 7870: 7858: 7830: 7815: 7799: 7770: 7739: 7705: 7688: 7671: 7642: 7603: 7588: 7566: 7453: 7428: 7403: 7385: 7355: 7329: 7303: 7281: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7256: 7253: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7186: 7182: 7179: 7178: 7177: 7167: 7158: 7155: 7154: 7153: 7150:Rolf Schweizer 7146: 7139: 7132: 7117: 7108: 7105: 7104: 7103: 7097: 7091: 7085: 7082:Vincenzo Grifo 7079: 7073: 7070:Denis Thomalla 7067: 7061: 7058:Stephan Loboué 7055: 7049: 7040: 7037:Marcello Craca 7034: 7028: 7022: 7016: 7010: 7004: 6985: 6982: 6981: 6980: 6974: 6968: 6962: 6956: 6950: 6944: 6938: 6932:Peter Bofinger 6929: 6919: 6916:Wolfgang Heinz 6913: 6912:and cave diver 6903: 6894: 6888: 6882: 6875:W. Carl Burger 6872: 6866: 6860: 6857:Hans Henninger 6854: 6851:Fritz Dietrich 6848: 6839: 6833: 6827: 6818: 6812: 6802: 6793: 6784: 6778: 6769: 6763: 6754: 6745: 6739: 6729: 6723: 6713: 6707: 6655: 6654:Notable people 6652: 6650: 6649: 6636: 6623: 6610: 6597: 6584: 6583:, Italy (1991) 6571: 6558: 6557:, Spain (1989) 6544: 6529: 6526: 6525: 6524: 6521: 6498:1. FC Nürnberg 6493:soccer stadium 6489: 6486: 6482: 6479: 6470: 6467: 6466: 6465: 6464: 6463: 6457: 6453:Other Temples 6451: 6450: 6449: 6446: 6443: 6440: 6437: 6434: 6431: 6428: 6425: 6419: 6416: 6413: 6410: 6407: 6404: 6401: 6398: 6395: 6382: 6379: 6378: 6377: 6374: 6371: 6368: 6365: 6362: 6359: 6353: 6350: 6347: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6332: 6329: 6326: 6323: 6320: 6317: 6312: 6309: 6308: 6307: 6304: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6283: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6263: 6260: 6259: 6258: 6255: 6247: 6244: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6234: 6231: 6230: 6196: 6194: 6187: 6181: 6178: 6177: 6176: 6161: 6150: 6147: 6126:University of 6115: 6112: 6111: 6110: 6104: 6098: 6091: 6079: 6076: 6067: 6064: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6034: 6031: 6028: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6016: 6013: 6010: 6007: 6004: 5998: 5992: 5983: 5975: 5972: 5850:Wörth am Rhein 5801: 5798: 5728: 5725: 5703: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5687: 5684: 5679: 5675: 5674: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5655: 5654: 5641: 5638: 5635: 5631: 5630: 5624:Joachim Becker 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8948: 8943: 8935: 8930: 8928: 8923: 8921: 8916: 8915: 8912: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8884:Complete list 8882: 8881: 8878: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8662: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8585:Halle (Saale) 8583: 8581: 8580:Gelsenkirchen 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8521: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8466: 8464: 8460: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8435: 8433: 8429: 8425: 8418: 8413: 8411: 8406: 8404: 8399: 8398: 8395: 8385: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8370: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8355: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8340: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8325: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8313: 8310: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8298: 8292: 8287: 8286: 8274: 8268: 8261: 8257: 8253: 8248: 8241: 8237: 8223: 8222: 8216: 8209: 8193: 8189: 8183: 8167: 8161: 8145: 8141: 8134: 8132: 8123: 8116: 8108: 8102: 8094: 8088: 8080: 8073: 8058: 8054: 8048: 8037: 8033: 8032: 8027: 8020: 8018: 8006: 8002: 8001: 7996: 7989: 7978: 7974: 7973: 7968: 7961: 7950: 7946: 7945: 7940: 7933: 7922: 7918: 7917: 7912: 7905: 7894: 7890: 7889: 7884: 7877: 7875: 7868: 7862: 7851: 7847: 7846: 7841: 7834: 7828: 7822: 7820: 7812: 7808: 7803: 7795: 7789: 7781: 7777: 7773: 7771:3-7995-6045-9 7767: 7763: 7760:(in German). 7759: 7752: 7750: 7748: 7746: 7744: 7735: 7731: 7724: 7722: 7720: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7710: 7702: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7685: 7680: 7678: 7676: 7667: 7661: 7653: 7649: 7645: 7643:3-7995-6044-0 7639: 7635: 7632:(in German). 7631: 7624: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7616: 7614: 7612: 7610: 7608: 7599: 7595: 7591: 7589:9783897353893 7585: 7581: 7578:(in German). 7577: 7570: 7562: 7558: 7554: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7530: 7528: 7526: 7524: 7522: 7520: 7518: 7516: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7492: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7474: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7466: 7464: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7442: 7441:Weather atlas 7438: 7432: 7417: 7413: 7407: 7399: 7395: 7389: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7359: 7343: 7339: 7333: 7317: 7313: 7307: 7299: 7296:(in German). 7291: 7285: 7278: 7273: 7269: 7250: 7245: 7238: 7233: 7226: 7221: 7214: 7209: 7202: 7197: 7190: 7185: 7184: 7175: 7171: 7170:Fool's Garden 7168: 7165: 7161: 7160: 7151: 7147: 7144: 7140: 7137: 7133: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7115: 7111: 7110: 7101: 7098: 7095: 7092: 7089: 7086: 7083: 7080: 7077: 7074: 7071: 7068: 7065: 7064:Sascha Boller 7062: 7059: 7056: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7044: 7041: 7038: 7035: 7032: 7029: 7026: 7025:Leah Horowitz 7023: 7020: 7017: 7014: 7011: 7008: 7007:Marius Hiller 7005: 7002: 6999: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6978: 6977:Jeff S. Klotz 6975: 6972: 6969: 6966: 6963: 6960: 6959:Stefan Mappus 6957: 6954: 6951: 6948: 6945: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6930: 6928:Film Festival 6927: 6923: 6920: 6917: 6914: 6911: 6908:(born 1941), 6907: 6904: 6902: 6898: 6895: 6892: 6889: 6886: 6883: 6880: 6876: 6873: 6870: 6867: 6864: 6861: 6858: 6855: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6843: 6840: 6837: 6834: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6822: 6819: 6816: 6813: 6810: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6788: 6785: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6773: 6770: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6749: 6746: 6743: 6740: 6737: 6736:Baden-Durlach 6733: 6730: 6727: 6724: 6721: 6717: 6714: 6711: 6708: 6705: 6702: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6686: 6682: 6675: 6671: 6664: 6660: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6538:Pforzheim is 6535: 6522: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6506:national team 6503: 6502:Werder Bremen 6499: 6494: 6490: 6487: 6483: 6480: 6477: 6473: 6472: 6462: 6461:Kristallnacht 6458: 6455: 6454: 6452: 6447: 6444: 6441: 6438: 6435: 6432: 6429: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6414: 6411: 6408: 6405: 6402: 6399: 6396: 6393: 6392: 6387: 6375: 6372: 6369: 6366: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355:The ruins of 6354: 6351: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6330: 6327: 6324: 6321: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6305: 6302: 6299: 6296: 6293: 6290: 6287: 6284: 6281: 6278: 6275: 6272: 6269: 6266: 6265: 6256: 6253: 6250: 6249: 6240: 6239: 6227: 6224:February 2020 6218:is available. 6217: 6213: 6207: 6206: 6202: 6197:This section 6195: 6186: 6185: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6148: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6118: 6117: 6108: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6096: 6092: 6089: 6085: 6084: 6083: 6075: 6073: 6063: 6061: 6057: 6056: 6051: 6047: 6046: 6032: 6029: 6026: 6023: 6020: 6017: 6014: 6011: 6008: 6005: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5987: 5984: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5971: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5924: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5909: 5907: 5906: 5900: 5898: 5897:DB Südwestbus 5893: 5891: 5887: 5886:Deutsche Bahn 5883: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5797: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5784: 5780: 5777: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5751: 5749: 5745: 5740: 5738: 5734: 5724: 5720: 5717: 5708: 5695: 5691: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5677: 5676: 5673: 5669: 5666: 5663: 5660: 5657: 5656: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5642: 5639: 5636: 5633: 5632: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5618: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5608: 5604: 5603:Willi Weigelt 5600: 5597: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5566: 5565: 5562: 5559: 5556: 5553: 5550: 5549: 5546: 5543: 5540: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5530: 5527: 5524: 5521: 5518: 5517: 5514: 5513:Ludwig Seibel 5511: 5508: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5498: 5495: 5492: 5489: 5486: 5485: 5482: 5481:Hermann Kuerz 5479: 5476: 5473: 5470: 5469: 5466: 5462: 5459: 5456: 5453: 5452: 5449: 5445: 5442: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5432: 5429: 5426: 5423: 5420: 5419: 5416: 5413: 5410: 5407: 5404: 5403: 5400: 5397: 5394: 5391: 5388: 5387: 5384: 5381: 5378: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5368: 5365: 5362: 5359: 5356: 5355: 5352: 5351:Karl Zirenner 5349: 5346: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5336: 5333: 5330: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5320: 5317: 5314: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5298: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5288: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5276: 5275: 5272: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5255: 5252: 5249: 5246: 5245: 5241: 5238: 5235: 5232: 5231: 5227: 5224: 5221: 5218: 5217: 5213: 5210: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5199: 5196: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5169: 5166: 5163: 5160: 5159: 5153: 5151: 5150: 5145: 5135: 5133: 5129: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5063: 5058: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5021: 5019: 5008: 5007: 5003: 5001: 4990: 4989: 4985: 4983: 4972: 4971: 4967: 4965: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4947: 4936: 4935: 4931: 4929: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4911: 4900: 4899: 4895: 4893: 4882: 4881: 4877: 4875: 4864: 4863: 4859: 4857: 4846: 4845: 4841: 4839: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4821: 4810: 4809: 4805: 4803: 4792: 4791: 4787: 4785: 4774: 4773: 4769: 4767: 4756: 4755: 4751: 4749: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4731: 4720: 4719: 4715: 4713: 4702: 4701: 4697: 4695: 4684: 4683: 4679: 4677: 4666: 4665: 4659: 4651: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4608: 4604: 4601: 4598: 4597: 4593: 4590: 4587: 4586: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4575: 4571: 4568: 4565: 4564: 4560: 4557: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4546: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4524: 4521: 4520: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4509: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4498: 4494: 4491: 4488: 4487: 4483: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4470: 4465: 4462: 4461: 4458: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4437: 4434: 4433: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4422: 4418: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4400: 4396: 4393: 4390: 4389: 4385: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4367: 4363: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4352: 4349: 4346: 4345: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4323: 4319: 4316: 4313: 4312: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4301: 4295: 4290: 4287: 4286: 4283: 4268: 4267:MediaWiki.org 4264: 4259: 4250: 4249: 4244: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4202: 4199: 4196: 4193: 4192: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4178: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4164: 4160: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4150: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4136: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4122: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4088: 4075: 4073: 4069: 4068:complications 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4046: 4042: 4040: 4031: 4029: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4017: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3975: 3971: 3969: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3957: 3953: 3951: 3947: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3931: 3927: 3925: 3921: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3896: 3892: 3890: 3889:Theodor Heuss 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3872: 3871:Theodor Heuss 3867: 3858: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3835: 3833: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3794: 3793:Allied forces 3789: 3787: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3767: 3765: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3733: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3713: 3703: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3686: 3682: 3680: 3676: 3673: 3669: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3654:Kristallnacht 3651: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3625: 3622: 3618: 3616: 3612: 3610: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3598: 3594: 3592: 3588: 3586: 3577: 3575: 3570: 3568: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3511: 3507: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3461: 3458:was made the 3457: 3453: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3388: 3384: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3371: 3367: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3338: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3321: 3316: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3303: 3294: 3292: 3288: 3282: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3223: 3218: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3183: 3177: 3174: 3170: 3167: 3162: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3148: 3144: 3143: 3139:included the 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3095: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3076: 3074: 3070: 3068: 3067:Baden-Durlach 3064: 3063:Protestantism 3060: 3056: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3009: 3008:Martin Luther 3005: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2985: 2981: 2976: 2975:Common graves 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2942: 2937: 2934: 2931:enacted the " 2930: 2927: 2918: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2796: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2737: 2734: 2730: 2727: 2723: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2667: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2651: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2637:in town (the 2636: 2632: 2629: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2552:market rights 2549: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2533: 2529: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2413: 2410:February 2020 2404:is available. 2403: 2399: 2393: 2392: 2388: 2383:This section 2381: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2350: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2303: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211:Mean monthly 2209: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2051: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1981: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1841: 1797: 1792: 1781: 1776: 1773: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723:Mean monthly 1721: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1673: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1626: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1557: 1556:precipitation 1552: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1482: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1412: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1342: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1272: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1202: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1132: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1062: 1018: 1013: 1006: 992: 989: 986: 983: 980: 977: 974: 971: 968: 965: 962: 958: 955: 951: 948: 944: 941: 937: 934: 930: 927: 924:City center ( 923: 922: 921: 919: 914: 910: 906: 896: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 836: 832: 821: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 802:Straubenhardt 799: 795: 794:Ölbronn-Dürrn 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 730: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 693: 690: 682: 672: 668: 664: 658: 657: 653: 648:This section 646: 642: 637: 636: 628: 626: 622: 618: 613: 611: 607: 603: 599: 594: 592: 588: 584: 580: 579: 573: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 537: 535: 531: 527: 520: 514: 506: 498: 495: 491: 487: 485: 481: 477: 475: 471: 465: 463: 459: 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Retrieved 8192:pforzheim.de 8191: 8182: 8170:. Retrieved 8160: 8148:. Retrieved 8144:the original 8115: 8101: 8072: 8060:. Retrieved 8056: 8047: 8036:the original 8029: 8005:the original 7998: 7988: 7977:the original 7970: 7960: 7949:the original 7942: 7932: 7921:the original 7914: 7904: 7893:the original 7886: 7861: 7850:the original 7843: 7833: 7810: 7802: 7757: 7734:the original 7703:; in German. 7629: 7575: 7569: 7561:the original 7556: 7444:. Retrieved 7440: 7431: 7419:. Retrieved 7415: 7406: 7397: 7388: 7376:. Retrieved 7372:the original 7367: 7358: 7346:. Retrieved 7341: 7332: 7320:. Retrieved 7315: 7306: 7300:. June 2023. 7284: 7272: 7094:Robert Bauer 7043:Nicola Thost 6993:Nicola Thost 6971:Florian Ross 6910:speleologist 6897:Manfred Mohr 6781:Victor Mayer 6704:Jakob Bänsch 6685:Manfred Mohr 6555:Gernika-Lumo 6537: 6400:Reuchlinhaus 6373:Hachel Tower 6364:Leitgastturm 6331:City Library 6285:Reuchlinhaus 6221: 6216:Editing help 6198: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6081: 6069: 6053: 6049: 6043: 6041: 5986:Victor Mayer 5956:Gundelfingen 5925: 5910: 5903: 5901: 5894: 5814:Black Forest 5803: 5752: 5741: 5730: 5721: 5716:coat of arms 5713: 5681: 5465:Hans Gottlob 5448:Emil Goelser 5303:Wilhelm Lenz 5147: 5141: 5131: 5128:city council 5125: 5122:City council 5070: 5059: 5032: 4657: 4644:World War II 4625: 4241: 4180:1 April 1972 4138:1 April 1924 4086: 4078:Demographics 4051: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4038: 4037: 4034:21st century 4027: 4026: 4021: 4020: 4015: 4014: 4009: 4008: 3999: 3998: 3989: 3988: 3979: 3978: 3973: 3972: 3967: 3966: 3961: 3960: 3955: 3954: 3949: 3948: 3935: 3934: 3929: 3928: 3923: 3922: 3910:Fujita 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2874: 2873: 2851: 2850: 2837: 2836: 2813: 2810:Latin School 2806:Latin School 2794: 2793: 2787: 2754: 2753: 2725: 2724: 2700:wine-growers 2684:fraternities 2681: 2678:15th century 2671: 2670: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2642: 2625: 2620: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2593: 2584: 2583: 2578: 2577: 2568: 2567: 2555: 2548:Before 1080: 2547: 2546: 2537: 2536: 2531: 2530: 2522:Roman Empire 2505: 2504: 2495: 2493: 2487:crossed the 2485:Roman Empire 2465:Argentoratum 2460: 2456: 2455: 2420: 2407: 2402:Editing help 2384: 1558:mm (inches) 960: 954:Südweststadt 953: 946: 939: 932: 925: 918:city council 902: 839: 827: 731: 726: 722: 703:Black Forest 700: 685: 679:October 2021 676: 661:Please help 649: 614: 598:World War II 595: 583:municipality 576: 574: 538: 504: 503: 462:Postal codes 344:Subdivisions 338:Stadtkreis 175:Coat of arms 120: 105: 99:October 2021 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 9259:Brandenburg 9204:Sigmaringen 9159:Ostalbkreis 9144:Main-Tauber 9139:Ludwigsburg 9084:Emmendingen 8998:Baden-Baden 8949:in Germany 8836:Saarbrücken 8681:Bremerhaven 8273:Groh (2005) 8062:21 December 7762:Sigmaringen 7634:Sigmaringen 7580:Sigmaringen 7446:25 February 7421:25 February 7052:Marcel Rapp 7031:Bernd Klotz 7001:Robert Faas 6941:Tomas Maier 6901:digital art 6863:Laura Perls 6791:Frida Kahlo 6772:Bertha Benz 6761:pathologist 6620:Częstochowa 6514:VfB Leipzig 6165:Grundschule 6078:Authorities 6072:labor court 5966:(Pforzheim– 5928:A8 Autobahn 5822:Bad Wildbad 5399:Emil Kraatz 5149:Schultheiss 5138:Lord mayors 4654:Immigration 4640:World War I 4263:Phabricator 4197:Büchenbronn 4058:introduced 4056:Timex Group 3843:Auerbruecke 3817:unit using 3797:French Army 3730:V-2 rockets 3688:Deportation 3574:Wellendorff 3513:Bertha Benz 3442:Württemberg 3059:Lutheranism 3057:introduced 3023:Due to the 2864:Baden-Baden 2774:tournaments 2305:Mean daily 2258:Mean daily 947:Südoststadt 893:Kämpfelbach 881:Engelsbrand 869:Tiefenbronn 849:Kieselbronn 806:Tiefenbronn 766:Kieselbronn 758:Kämpfelbach 742:Engelsbrand 566:Württemberg 467:75172–75181 326:Karlsruhe 285: / 246:Pforzheim 214:Pforzheim 131:Pforzheim 58:"Pforzheim" 9330:Categories 9224:Zollernalb 9214:Tuttlingen 9179:Reutlingen 9169:Ravensburg 9109:Heidenheim 9008:Heidelberg 8841:Salzgitter 8831:Reutlingen 8821:Regensburg 8761:Leverkusen 8746:Ingolstadt 8741:Hildesheim 8726:Heidelberg 8640:Oberhausen 8484:Düsseldorf 8431:1,000,000+ 8252:Lancasters 7780:1069172633 7398:www.dwd.de 7378:12 October 7260:References 7164:Freemasons 7100:Robin Hack 6821:Fritz Todt 6752:watchmaker 6532:See also: 6421:Churches: 6246:Orchestras 6169:Realschule 6093:Pforzheim 6086:Pforzheim 5917:Ittersbach 5824:, and the 5767:mail order 5690:Peter Boch 5668:Gert Hager 5383:Karl Gross 5055:Freikirche 5047:Protestant 4238:Population 4211:Huchenfeld 4113:Brötzingen 4074:movement. 4072:mechanical 3996:, France. 3974:1987/1990: 3924:1971–1975: 3866:1945–1965: 3839:occupation 3832:Volkssturm 3609:1914–1918: 3585:From 1900: 3561:Heidelberg 3529:automobile 3315:1715–1730: 3274:Zavelstein 3270:Liebenzell 3212:and 1,200 3204:and 1,200 3117:1688–1697: 3021:1535–1565: 3001:protestant 2980:fraternity 2749:Nördlingen 2659:Brötzingen 2639:Franciscan 2605:patricians 2569:From 1150: 2556:Marktrecht 2500:Friolzheim 2469:Strasbourg 2467:(nowadays 2364:See also: 1770:Source 1: 1630:(≥ 1.0 cm) 990:Huchenfeld 969:Brötzingen 926:Innenstadt 899:City wards 865:Friolzheim 837:district. 810:Wiernsheim 798:Remchingen 746:Friolzheim 578:Stadtkreis 402:Population 370:Peter Boch 362:Lord mayor 355:Government 349:Stadtteile 273:08°42′18″E 270:48°53′42″N 69:newspapers 9341:Pforzheim 9314:Thuringia 9242:Full list 9236:Districts 9174:Rems-Murr 9124:Karlsruhe 9119:Hohenlohe 9114:Heilbronn 9104:Göppingen 9094:Esslingen 9069:Böblingen 9054:Alb-Donau 9033:Stuttgart 9028:Pforzheim 9018:Karlsruhe 9013:Heilbronn 8977:Stuttgart 8972:Karlsruhe 8866:Wolfsburg 8826:Remscheid 8806:Pforzheim 8801:Paderborn 8796:Osnabrück 8791:Oldenburg 8731:Heilbronn 8706:Gütersloh 8701:Göttingen 8686:Darmstadt 8655:Wuppertal 8650:Wiesbaden 8615:Magdeburg 8590:Karlsruhe 8540:Bielefeld 8514:Stuttgart 8509:Nuremberg 8378:Pforzheim 8363:Pforzheim 8348:Pforzheim 8333:Pforzheim 8318:Pforzheim 7809:(german, 7788:cite book 7660:cite book 7598:722345996 7348:20 August 7322:20 August 7265:Citations 7174:rock band 6926:Berlinale 6885:Fritz Rau 6776:Carl Benz 6518:Nuremberg 6060:Karlsruhe 6021:Mapal WWS 5890:Nuremberg 5882:Intercity 5874:Stuttgart 5866:Mühlacker 5846:Karlsruhe 5800:Transport 5790:Mittelweg 5759:jewellery 5228:Kissling 5062:Catholics 5029:Religions 4183:Hohenwart 4099:Community 4064:six sigma 4006:, Italy. 3986:, Spain. 3918:streetcar 3855:Roßbrücke 3819:artillery 3766:workers. 3700:holocaust 3658:Synagogue 3527:-powered 3517:Carl Benz 3446:Stuttgart 3438:Karlsruhe 3430:Mühlacker 3402:Mostwaage 3287:grapevine 3240:Mühlacker 3208:men, 300 3187:In 1691, 3129:Louis XIV 3050:in 1555, 3012:Dominican 3004:religious 2963:Stuttgart 2948:chronicle 2933:Ordinance 2897:(Zunft). 2887:Ettlingen 2766:Katharina 2762:Charles I 2745:Frankfurt 2736:Bernard I 2666:Bernard I 2647:Dominican 2573:Hermann V 2563:Monastery 2479:) at the 2477:Stuttgart 2473:Cannstatt 2457:Since 90: 2451:Amsterdam 2431:Karlsruhe 2427:Stuttgart 987:Hohenwart 978:Sonnenhof 961:Weststadt 933:Nordstadt 845:Neulingen 841:Ispringen 786:Neulingen 782:Neuhausen 778:Neuenbürg 754:Ispringen 750:Heimsheim 707:Kraichgau 650:does not 631:Geography 546:Karlsruhe 542:Stuttgart 505:Pforzheim 450:UTC+02:00 429:UTC+01:00 424:Time zone 394:Elevation 9294:Saarland 9219:Waldshut 9209:Tübingen 9189:Rottweil 9129:Konstanz 9064:Bodensee 9059:Biberach 9023:Mannheim 9003:Freiburg 8982:Tübingen 8967:Freiburg 8871:Würzburg 8851:Solingen 8691:Erlangen 8625:Mannheim 8565:Duisburg 8560:Chemnitz 8535:Augsburg 8474:Dortmund 8087:cite web 7652:11234712 6965:Jan Kopp 6881:painter. 6836:Karl Abt 6720:Margrave 6607:Nevşehir 6381:Post-war 6142:and the 5948:Augsburg 5878:Tübingen 5242:Guenzel 5117:Politics 4928:Slovakia 4838:Bulgaria 4820:Portugal 3827:Moroccan 3823:Algerian 3815:infantry 3795:and the 3557:Mannheim 3541:pharmacy 3531:with an 3525:gasoline 3521:Mannheim 3418:between 3408:1861–62: 3344:epidemic 3337:1805–06: 3214:infantry 3210:dragoons 3107:Bavarian 3052:Margrave 3029:Margrave 3025:heritage 2822:and the 2820:humanism 2802:humanist 2759:Margrave 2733:Margrave 2716:funerals 2704:skippers 2682:Various 2635:convents 2514:Alemanni 2506:259/260: 2253:1,820.4 1765:1,832.2 1675:Average 1623:(29.52) 1554:Average 1129:(104.4) 1104:(104.4) 1099:(102.6) 966:Arlinger 940:Oststadt 861:Wimsheim 857:Wurmberg 818:Wurmberg 814:Wimsheim 774:Mönsheim 738:Eisingen 587:district 333:District 9254:Bavaria 9164:Rastatt 9154:Ortenau 9134:Lörrach 8960:Regions 8811:Potsdam 8756:Koblenz 8676:Bottrop 8645:Rostock 8630:Münster 8605:Krefeld 8504:Leipzig 8499:Hanover 8479:Dresden 8448:Hamburg 8443:Cologne 8386:. 1879. 8371:. 1905. 8356:. 1907. 8326:. 1920. 8198:8 March 8124:. ABTW. 7181:Gallery 7148:1998 * 7141:1991 * 7119:1965 * 7112:1939 * 6846:Porsche 6594:Irkutsk 6581:Vicenza 6540:twinned 6516:1–2 in 6341:Pre-war 6262:Museums 6236:Theatre 6128:Croatia 5990:Fabergé 5960:Bretten 5892:route. 5786:Westweg 5771:Tourism 5755:watches 5682:present 5256:Geiger 5167:Year(s) 5041:in the 5018:Vietnam 4982:Ukraine 4766:Hungary 4748:Croatia 4694:Romania 4613:126,016 4602:115,777 4591:117,156 4580:118,300 4569:112,944 4558:106,530 4547:104,100 4536:106,500 4525:108,635 4472:±% p.a. 4297:±% p.a. 4265:and on 4004:Vicenza 3984:Gernika 3914:trolley 3906:tornado 3847:US Army 3545:hairpin 3474:Wildbad 3394:pressed 3309:Convent 3233:Marshal 3229:Durlach 3222:Marshal 3206:cavalry 3202:Durlach 3189:Louvois 3166:Marshal 3055:Karl II 2967:Bohemia 2945:Swabian 2858:to the 2856:fiefdom 2731:visits 2712:carters 2696:weavers 2688:tailors 2650:sisters 2617:textile 2615:trade, 2613:tannery 2491:river. 2360:History 2048:(30.4) 1978:(41.1) 1973:(29.5) 1968:(34.7) 1963:(42.4) 1958:(49.3) 1953:(54.9) 1943:(52.3) 1928:(33.4) 1923:(29.1) 1918:(27.5) 1908:(56.6) 1898:(46.0) 1893:(57.7) 1883:(74.1) 1878:(74.8) 1873:(70.7) 1868:(65.1) 1863:(57.0) 1858:(48.9) 1848:(37.2) 1618:(2.83) 1613:(2.54) 1608:(2.62) 1603:(2.16) 1598:(2.44) 1593:(3.04) 1588:(2.76) 1583:(2.98) 1578:(1.78) 1573:(2.06) 1568:(2.07) 1563:(2.24) 1549:(−4.0) 1544:(−1.7) 1539:(15.3) 1534:(24.6) 1529:(34.5) 1524:(43.3) 1519:(44.4) 1514:(38.5) 1509:(30.4) 1504:(22.5) 1489:(−4.0) 1479:(11.7) 1474:(18.5) 1469:(26.1) 1464:(32.7) 1459:(41.0) 1454:(48.7) 1449:(50.4) 1444:(45.5) 1439:(37.0) 1434:(29.5) 1429:(25.2) 1424:(19.4) 1419:(16.3) 1409:(44.2) 1404:(33.1) 1399:(37.8) 1394:(44.8) 1389:(51.3) 1384:(58.3) 1379:(59.0) 1374:(55.4) 1369:(48.9) 1364:(41.5) 1359:(36.5) 1354:(32.0) 1349:(31.5) 1339:(52.4) 1334:(37.9) 1329:(43.3) 1324:(52.0) 1319:(60.4) 1314:(68.7) 1309:(69.4) 1304:(66.0) 1299:(59.5) 1294:(52.2) 1289:(44.8) 1284:(38.3) 1279:(36.5) 1269:(61.2) 1264:(42.8) 1259:(49.1) 1254:(60.8) 1249:(71.2) 1244:(80.2) 1239:(80.6) 1234:(76.5) 1229:(69.8) 1224:(62.8) 1219:(53.8) 1214:(45.1) 1209:(41.5) 1199:(97.7) 1194:(56.3) 1189:(63.1) 1184:(75.0) 1179:(83.7) 1174:(93.9) 1169:(95.4) 1164:(91.9) 1159:(85.1) 1154:(78.6) 1149:(68.5) 1144:(60.1) 1139:(55.8) 1124:(66.6) 1119:(71.6) 1114:(85.1) 1109:(91.8) 1094:(99.1) 1089:(91.9) 1084:(86.7) 1079:(80.1) 1074:(71.6) 1069:(63.5) 998:Climate 889:Keltern 762:Keltern 671:removed 656:sources 596:During 534:Germany 524:) is a 493:Website 410:127,849 302:Germany 298:Country 83:scholar 9299:Saxony 9264:Bremen 8846:Siegen 8610:Lübeck 8595:Kassel 8570:Erfurt 8545:Bochum 8530:Aachen 8469:Bremen 8453:Munich 8438:Berlin 7778: 7768: 7650: 7640: 7596: 7586: 6995:, 2015 6698:, 2009 6687:, 2019 6676:, 1927 6646:Osijek 6542:with: 6199:is in 6134:, the 6124:Osijek 6001:Durowe 5995:Amazon 5968:Nagold 5962:) and 5950:) and 5944:Lebach 5834:Nagold 5794:Ostweg 5765:. The 5214:Weiss 5170:Mayor 5015: 5000:France 4997: 4979: 4961: 4943: 4925: 4910:Greece 4907: 4892:Russia 4889: 4874:Serbia 4871: 4856:Kosovo 4853: 4835: 4817: 4806:1,062 4799: 4788:1,392 4784:Poland 4781: 4770:1,735 4763: 4752:2,173 4745: 4734:3,653 4727: 4716:3,939 4709: 4698:4,129 4691: 4680:4,952 4676:Turkey 4673: 4616:+0.50% 4605:−0.39% 4594:−0.32% 4583:+0.66% 4572:+1.97% 4561:+1.16% 4550:−0.45% 4539:−0.40% 4528:+3.76% 4517:+1.01% 4514:90,338 4506:+3.91% 4503:82,524 4495:+3.74% 4492:54,143 4484:−7.22% 4481:46,752 4452:−0.17% 4449:79,011 4441:+0.15% 4438:79,816 4430:+0.89% 4427:78,859 4419:+4.76% 4416:69,082 4408:+3.76% 4405:43,373 4397:+2.21% 4394:29,988 4386:+2.98% 4383:19,803 4375:+2.44% 4372:12,377 4364:+2.85% 4361:10,711 4353:+0.60% 4342:+1.23% 4331:+1.47% 4320:+0.12% 4200:11.14 4158:16.23 4133:1.781 4130:4.612 4116:13.01 3753:Allies 3718:shells 3615:1920s: 3537:patent 3341:typhus 3266:Hirsau 3254:Nagold 3182:Palffy 2997:1520s: 2971:Alsace 2969:, the 2830:, and 2778:dances 2692:bakers 2631:orders 2611:, the 2560:Hirsau 2496:Portus 2443:Neckar 2423:Romans 2385:is in 2244:127.1 2238:232.5 2235:254.2 2223:133.3 2162:160.4 2118:(8.9) 2113:(2.2) 2108:(0.6) 2103:(0.2) 2098:(0.0) 2093:(0.0) 2088:(0.0) 2083:(0.0) 2078:(0.0) 2073:(0.3) 2068:(0.9) 2063:(1.8) 2058:(2.9) 2043:(2.4) 2038:(2.4) 2033:(2.1) 2028:(2.2) 2023:(3.1) 2018:(2.9) 2013:(3.7) 2008:(3.2) 2003:(2.4) 1998:(2.0) 1993:(1.9) 1988:(2.1) 1799:Month 1756:111.8 1753:180.8 1750:239.9 1747:257.0 1744:239.7 1741:223.7 1738:196.8 1735:143.7 1499:(5.7) 1494:(3.4) 1020:Month 715:Nagold 602:Allies 585:and a 554:Nagold 85: 78: 71: 64: 56: 9346:Baden 9269:Hesse 8856:Trier 8781:Neuss 8771:Moers 8736:Herne 8721:Hanau 8711:Hagen 8696:Fürth 8620:Mainz 8489:Essen 8232:Notes 8172:6 May 8150:6 May 8039:(PDF) 8008:(PDF) 7980:(PDF) 7952:(PDF) 7924:(PDF) 7896:(PDF) 7853:(PDF) 7294:(CSV) 6984:Sport 6510:Baden 6485:raid. 6205:prose 6038:Media 5619:15–16 5598:18–19 5573:18–19 5427:12–13 5411:29–30 5363:12–13 5347:12–13 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