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blew strongly against the house and asked what wind it was, upon hearing it was the north wind, she claimed it quite beneficial for her son's and husband's voyage to Africa, which she had coordinated. At her death she prayed with several priests and, "without any toil or suffering, gave her soul into the hands of Him who created her, a smile appearing on her mouth as though she disdained the life of this world".
491:
Though he had been reluctant to marry her, the king had grown quite fond of his wife, and it is said that he was "so grieved by mortal illness⊠that he could neither eat nor sleep". In her final hours, Philippa was said to be lucid and without pain. According to legend she was roused by a wind which
367:
The marriage itself, as was usually the case for the nobility in the Middle Ages, was a matter of state and political alliance, and the couple did not meet until twelve days after they were legally married. Philippa was considered to be rather plain, and King JoĂŁo I (John I) already had a mistress,
423:
Though
Philippa was seen to present a demeanour of queenly piety, commenting that "it would be regarded as an indecent thing for a wife to interfere in her husband's affairs", she wielded significant influence in both the Portuguese and English courts and was "actively involved in world affairs".
391:, his daughter by his second wife Constance of Castile. As the "de facto King of Castile," it was feared that John of Gaunt could challenge King John's claim to the newly installed dynasty. Instead, at Windsor in 1386, John I of Portugal signed the remarkably long-lasting
312:, was Chaucer's wife. John of Gaunt became Chaucer's patron, and Chaucer spent much time with the family as one of Philippa's many mentors and teachers. She was remarkably well educated for a woman at the time and studied science under Friar John, poetry under
406:
Philippa, at the age of 27, was thought to be too old to become a bride for the first time, and the court questioned her ability to bear the King's children; however, Philippa bore nine children, six of whom survived into adulthood.
483:
and called her sons to her bedside so that she could give them her blessing. Philippa presented her three eldest sons with jewel-encrusted swords, which they would use in their impending knighthoods, and gave each a portion of the
424:
Surviving letters show that
Philippa often wrote to the English court from Portugal and stayed involved in English politics. In one instance, Philippa intervened in court politics on "behalf of followers of the dethroned
618:). Her surviving children went on to make historically significant contributions in their own right. Edward became the eleventh King of Portugal, and was known as, "The Philosopher," or the "Eloquent".
610:
Philippa and King John's union was praised for establishing purity and virtue in a court that was regarded as particularly corrupt. Philippa is remembered as the mother of "The
Illustrious Generation" (
376:
to be raised in the
Portuguese court (the third child, Branca, died in infancy). Their mother left the court at Philippa's command to live in a convent, and under Philippa's patronage, she became the
281:. Philippa spent her infancy moving around the various properties owned by her family with her mother and her wet-nurse, Maud. Here, she was raised and educated alongside her two younger siblings,
629:
dedicated one of his ballads to "Phelippe en
Lancastre," as a partisan of the Order of the Flower. It has also been speculated that Geoffrey Chaucer may have alluded to Philippa in his poem, "
383:
In marrying
Philippa, John I established a political and personal alliance with John of Gaunt, initially because it was rumoured that John of Gaunt would claim the Kingdom of
301:, who had been Philippa's governess. The affair and eventual marriage was considered scandalous, and in the future Philippa would protect herself against such embarrassment.
304:
Katherine seems to have been well liked by
Philippa and her Lancastrian siblings and played an important role in Philippa's education. Katherine had close ties with
463:
364:, and in keeping with a unique Portuguese tradition, the stand-in bridegroom pretended to bed the bride. The stand-in for King John I was JoĂŁo Rodrigues de SĂĄ.
451:. Though Philippa died before her plan was realised, Portugal did send an expedition to conquer the city, a goal that was realised on 14 August 1415 in the
360:
on 2 February 1387 and their marriage was on 14 February 1387. The
Portuguese court celebrated the union for fifteen days. Philippa married King John I by
2166:
439:
Philippa's main political contribution, however, was in her own court. Upon the end of the
Portuguese involvement in several wars with Castile and the
37:
1201:
2171:
1821:
289:, seven years younger, who would later become King Henry IV. Philippa's mother, Blanche, died in 1368. Her father remarried in 1371 to
1526:
John of Gaunt: King of
Castile and Leon, Duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, Earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, Seneschal of England
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937:
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2191:
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549:(9 December 1392 â 20 May 1449), Duke of Coimbra, a well-travelled man who served as regent during the minority of his nephew
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543:(31 October 1391 â 13 September 1438), a writer and an intellectual who succeeded his father as King of Portugal in 1433.
1967:
443:, the Portuguese economy was failing, and many soldiers now unemployed. Philippa knew that the conquest and control of
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to marry her husband's illegitimate daughter Beatrice, further cementing the alliance between Portugal and England.
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559:(4 March 1394 â 13 November 1460), called "the Navigator", first Duke of Viseu, who guided Portugal to the
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Afonso (30 July 1390 â 22 December 1400), heir to the throne, died in childhood at the age of 10, in
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597:(29 September 1402 â 5 June 1443), called "the Saint Prince", a warrior who was captured during the
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Philippa was apparently a generous and loving queen, the mother of the "Illustrious Generation" (in
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The Effigies of King John the First and Queen Philippa in their tombs at the Batalha Monastery.
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1625:. Vol. I (106th ed.). Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd.
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Royal and Elite Households in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: More than Just a Castle
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For the Queen of Denmark, Sweden and Norway, also known as Philippa of Lancaster, see
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432:, had usurped the English throne". On another occasion, she persuaded the reluctant
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As Avis: As Grandes Rainhas que Partilharam o Trono de Portugal na Segunda Dinastia
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535:
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Blanche (13 July 1388 â 6 March 1389), died in infancy at the age of 7 months, in
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Home | Welcome to the University of Calgary. University of Calgary. 30 March 2009
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would be quite lucrative for Portugal with the control of the African and Indian
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Philippa's influence was documented in literary works. The medieval French poet
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was ten when Philippa and John married. Philippa allowed Afonso and his sister
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583:, Lord of Reguengos, grandfather of two 16th-century Iberian monarchs (
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320:. She was well read in the works of Greek and Roman scholars such as
265:" in Portugal. She was the only Queen of Portugal of English origin.
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341:
1610:"Patterns of Women's Literary Patronage: England, 1200 - ca. 1475"
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and on Constance's death in 1394, he married his former mistress,
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1682:
Henry the Navigator; the story of a great prince and his times
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1408:
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InĂȘs Peres Esteves, by whom he had three children. Their son
1632:
Dom JoĂŁo I. e o Condes TĂĄvel: Livro de Leitura da 3a Classe
1405:
1360:. Vol. 45. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 167.
1659:
Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants
1566:(Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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1199:
European Voyages of Exploration: Philippa of Lancaster."
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Born on 31 March 1360, Philippa was the eldest child of
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and produced several children who became known as the "
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Jan Van Eyck and Portugal's 'Illustrious Generation'
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428:when they appealed for her help after her brother,
356:axis. The couple were blessed by the church in the
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569:(21 February 1397 â 11 December 1471), married
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1601:Daily Life in Portugal in the Late Middle Ages
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1815:
1585:(in Portuguese). Lisbon: A Esfera dos Livros.
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471:At the age of 55, Philippa fell ill with the
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328:and was diligent in her study of religion.
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348:. This marriage was the final step in the
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2167:15th-century deaths from plague (disease)
1657:von Redlich, Marcellus Donald R. (1941).
601:in 1437 and died a prisoner of the Moors.
1688:
1647:
1638:
1634:. Lisboa: Ministro da Educação Nacional.
1614:The Cultural Patronage of Medieval Women
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938:Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster
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1592:The Life of Prince Henry the Navigator
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579:(13 January 1400 â 18 October 1442),
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1669:Prince Henry "the Navigator": a life
754:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
331:
316:, and philosophy and theology under
275:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
245:from 1387 until 1415 as the wife of
241:; 31 March 1360 â 19 July 1415) was
196:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
16:Queen consort of Portugal, 1387â1415
1695:. G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 139.
1672:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
1652:. London: Adam & Charles Black.
1603:. Madison: University of Wisconsin.
1344:
1158:. Vol. 6. BRILL. p. 271.
285:, who was three years younger, and
13:
2084:Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1546:. Vol. I: Text. Pindar Press.
645:Ancestors of Philippa of Lancaster
633:," through the character Alceste.
14:
2233:
2024:Marie Françoise Isabelle of Savoy
1152:Larissa, Tracey (12 March 2018).
622:sponsored expeditions to Africa.
516:(princesses). Her children were:
1874:Matilda II, Countess of Boulogne
1781:11 February 1387 â 19 July 1415
1684:. New York: Hytchinson & Co.
1639:Oliveira, Ana Rodrigues (2010).
1630:de Oliveira, A. Coreira (1955).
1616:. Athens: University of Georgia.
1357:Dictionary of National Biography
419:The wedding of Philippa and John
215:
1523:Armitage-Smith, Sydney (1905).
1516:
1444:
1432:
1420:
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399:and ensured Portugal's tenuous
62:14 February 1387 â 19 July 1415
46:(AntĂłnio de Holanda; 1530â1534)
44:Genealogia dos Reis de Portugal
2222:Mothers of Portuguese monarchs
2192:15th-century Portuguese people
2187:14th-century Portuguese people
1689:Stephens, Henry Morse (1903).
1623:Burke's Peerage and Baronetage
1594:. London: Frank Cass & Co.
1555:. New York: G.P Putnam's Sons.
1542:von Barghahn, Barbara (2013).
1277:
1250:
1238:
1211:
1145:
395:, which continued through the
1:
2212:15th-century Portuguese women
2207:14th-century Portuguese women
2177:14th-century English nobility
1641:Rainhas Medievais de Portugal
1621:Mosley, Charles, ed. (1999).
1581:Bouza Serrano, Joana (2009).
1563:A Concise History of Portugal
1351:"Philippa of Lancaster"
1138:
344:through her marriage to King
161:Isabella, Duchess of Burgundy
133:
1612:. In McCash, June H. (ed.).
1551:Beazley, Raymond C. (1923).
912:Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster
291:Infanta Constance of Castile
7:
2182:15th-century English people
2068:Maria Leopoldina of Austria
790:William I, Count of Hainaut
636:
495:
393:PortugueseâEnglish Alliance
257:, her marriage secured the
166:John, Constable of Portugal
10:
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2202:15th-century English women
2197:14th-century English women
2162:Daughters of English dukes
2147:Queens consort of Portugal
1831:Royal consorts of Portugal
1666:Russell, Peter E. (2000).
1608:Jambeck, Karen K. (1996).
1599:Marques, Oliveira (1971).
1590:Major, Richard H. (1967).
1560:Birmingham, David (2003).
1553:Prince Henry the Navigator
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2052:Mariana Victoria of Spain
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53:Queen consort of Portugal
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1648:Prestage, Edgar (1966).
631:The Legend of Good Women
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269:Early life and education
146:Edward, King of Portugal
2036:Maria Sophia of Neuburg
1650:The Portuguese pioneers
2076:Auguste de Beauharnais
1944:Joanna "la Beltraneja"
1721:Philippa of Lancaster
1643:. A Esfera dos Livros.
1204:19 August 2010 at the
571:Philip III of Burgundy
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389:Catherine of Lancaster
263:Illustrious Generation
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151:Peter, Duke of Coimbra
2044:Maria Anna of Austria
1920:Philippa of Lancaster
1692:The story of Portugal
874:Philippa of Lancaster
696:Edward III of England
589:Isabella I of Castile
581:Constable of Portugal
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226:Philippa of Lancaster
31:Philippa of Lancaster
2157:Ladies of the Garter
1984:Catherine of Austria
1734:House of Plantagenet
1731:Cadet branch of the
996:Blanche of Lancaster
816:Philippa of Hainault
670:Edward II of England
585:Manuel I of Portugal
534:, and was buried in
524:, and was buried in
308:, since her sister,
279:Blanche of Lancaster
206:Blanche of Lancaster
156:Henry, Duke of Viseu
2008:Ălisabeth of France
2000:Margaret of Austria
1898:Beatrice of Castile
1890:Elizabeth of Aragon
1882:Beatrice of Castile
1866:MĂ©cia Lopes de Haro
1480:Armitage-Smith 1905
1233:Armitage-Smith 1905
620:Henry the Navigator
599:Disaster of Tangier
403:in World War II.
352:against the Franco-
293:, daughter of King
21:Philippa of England
2152:House of Lancaster
2142:English princesses
2100:Maria Pia of Savoy
1976:Eleanor of Austria
1960:Isabella of Aragon
1788:Title next held by
1766:Title last held by
1756:Portuguese royalty
1726:House of Lancaster
1509:, pp. 227â228
1441:, pp. 235â236
1402:, pp. 406â409
1179:Bouza Serrano 2009
1058:Isabel of Beaumont
728:Isabella of France
627:Eustache Deschamps
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411:Influence at court
358:Cathedral of Porto
299:Katherine Swynford
121:John I of Portugal
42:Queen Philippa in
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2108:Amélie of Orléans
1936:Isabel of Coimbra
1928:Eleanor of Aragon
1858:Urraca of Castile
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1792:Eleanor of Aragon
1415:von Barghahn 2013
1165:978-90-04-36076-1
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1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1007:
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989:
988:
985:
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979:
978:
976:
973:
972:
966:
963:
962:
959:
958:
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952:
949:
948:
946:
943:
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934:
931:
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927:
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918:
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905:
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882:
879:
878:
876:
870:
867:
866:
863:
862:
860:
857:
856:
854:
851:
850:
848:Joan of Valois
844:
841:
840:
837:
836:
834:
832:
830:
827:
826:
824:
821:
820:
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812:
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646:
640:
638:
635:
607:
604:
603:
602:
592:
574:
564:
554:
544:
538:
528:
512:(princes) and
497:
494:
460:
457:
412:
409:
333:
330:
314:Jean Froissart
270:
267:
221:
220:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
183:
177:
176:
174:
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168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
142:
140:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
108:
106:
102:
101:
95:(aged 55)
89:
85:
84:
72:
68:
67:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
49:
48:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2234:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
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2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2096:
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2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
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1867:
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1836:
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1813:
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1806:
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1802:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1742:31 March 1360
1741:
1736:
1735:
1728:
1727:
1718:
1704:
1702:9780722224731
1698:
1694:
1693:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1651:
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1615:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1593:
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1579:
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1573:9780521536868
1569:
1565:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1528:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1508:
1503:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1453:, p. 536
1452:
1447:
1440:
1435:
1428:
1423:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1401:
1400:Oliveira 2010
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1373:, p. 139
1372:
1371:Stephens 1903
1367:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1334:
1333:Prestage 1966
1329:
1327:
1325:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1280:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1258:
1253:
1247:, p. 167
1246:
1241:
1235:, p. 318
1234:
1229:
1227:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1181:, p. 15.
1180:
1175:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1009:
1008:
1003:
1002:
997:
991:
990:
987:
986:
981:
980:
975:
974:
971:
970:Maud Chaworth
965:
964:
961:
960:
951:
950:
945:
944:
939:
933:
932:
929:
928:
923:
922:
917:
916:
913:
907:
906:
903:
902:
885:
884:
881:
880:
875:
869:
868:
865:
864:
859:
858:
853:
852:
849:
843:
842:
839:
838:
829:
828:
823:
822:
817:
811:
810:
807:
806:
801:
800:
795:
794:
791:
785:
784:
781:
780:
767:
766:
761:
760:
755:
749:
748:
745:
744:
739:
738:
733:
732:
729:
723:
722:
719:
718:
709:
708:
703:
702:
697:
691:
690:
687:
686:
681:
680:
675:
674:
671:
665:
653:
652:
649:
648:
644:
643:
634:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
600:
596:
593:
590:
586:
582:
578:
575:
572:
568:
565:
562:
558:
555:
552:
548:
545:
542:
539:
537:
533:
529:
527:
523:
519:
518:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
493:
489:
487:
482:
478:
474:
465:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
427:
417:
408:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
338:Queen consort
329:
327:
323:
319:
318:John Wycliffe
315:
311:
310:Philippa Roet
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
239:
235:
231:
227:
218:
214:
210:
207:
204:
200:
197:
194:
190:
187:
184:
182:
178:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
143:
141:
138:
137:
129:
125:
122:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:31 March 1360
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
45:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
2110:
2102:
2094:
2086:
2078:
2070:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2038:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1970:
1962:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1930:
1922:
1919:
1914:
1912:Leonor Teles
1908:(posthumous)
1900:
1892:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1852:
1844:
1790:
1784:
1775:
1770:Leonor Teles
1768:
1762:
1749:19 July 1415
1746:
1739:
1732:
1724:
1706:. Retrieved
1691:
1681:
1668:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1562:
1552:
1543:
1531:. Retrieved
1525:
1517:Bibliography
1502:
1497:, p. 64
1482:, p. 21
1451:Marques 1971
1446:
1439:Jambeck 1996
1434:
1429:, p. 11
1422:
1366:
1355:
1340:
1335:, p. 22
1318:, p. 23
1316:Russell 2000
1297:, p. 24
1290:
1279:
1272:Sanceau 1945
1252:
1245:Marques 1971
1240:
1218:Beazley 1923
1213:
1174:
1154:
1147:
873:
624:
615:
609:
513:
509:
505:
499:
490:
470:
438:
422:
405:
382:
366:
335:
303:
272:
251:royal family
225:
224:
132:
93:(1415-07-19)
91:19 July 1415
43:
25:
2137:1415 deaths
2132:1360 births
2111:(1889â1908)
2103:(1862â1889)
2095:(1858â1859)
2087:(1836â1837)
2063:(1816â1826)
2055:(1750â1777)
2047:(1708â1750)
2039:(1687â1699)
2027:(1666â1668)
2019:(1640â1656)
2011:(1621â1640)
2003:(1598â1611)
1987:(1525â1557)
1979:(1518â1521)
1971:(1500â1517)
1963:(1497â1498)
1955:(1481â1495)
1947:(1475â1479)
1939:(1447â1455)
1931:(1433â1438)
1923:(1387â1415)
1915:(1372â1383)
1901:(1325â1357)
1893:(1282â1325)
1885:(1253â1279)
1877:(1248â1253)
1869:(1246â1248)
1861:(1211â1220)
1853:(1185â1198)
1845:(1146â1157)
1507:Mosley 1999
1346:Lee, Sidney
1274:, p. 9
1259:, p. 8
1220:, p. 9
1090:Alice Comyn
449:spice trade
247:King John I
2126:Categories
1427:Major 1967
1257:Major 1967
1139:References
612:Portuguese
502:Portuguese
486:True Cross
426:Richard II
401:neutrality
354:Castillian
230:Portuguese
100:, Portugal
595:Ferdinand
326:Herodotus
283:Elizabeth
212:Signature
186:Lancaster
136:others...
83:, England
81:Leicester
1680:(1945).
1202:Archived
637:Ancestry
567:Isabella
551:Afonso V
514:infantas
510:infantes
496:Children
430:Henry IV
387:through
378:Prioress
374:Beatrice
342:Portugal
1708:11 July
1533:17 July
481:Sacavém
385:Castile
255:England
98:Sacavém
2079:(1835)
2071:(1826)
2031:(1683)
1995:(1580)
1785:Vacant
1763:Vacant
1745:
1699:
1570:
1162:
606:Legacy
541:Edward
522:Lisbon
477:Lisbon
473:plague
370:Afonso
346:John I
277:, and
234:Filipa
202:Mother
192:Father
117:Spouse
105:Burial
59:Tenure
1747:Died:
1740:Born:
557:Henry
547:Peter
532:Braga
508:) of
459:Death
445:Ceuta
441:Moors
362:proxy
322:Pliny
287:Henry
181:House
134:among
128:Issue
1710:2018
1697:ISBN
1568:ISBN
1535:2018
1160:ISBN
1088:15.
1030:14.
968:13.
910:12.
846:11.
788:10.
587:and
577:John
324:and
88:Died
71:Born
1056:7.
994:3.
936:6.
872:1.
814:5.
752:2.
726:9.
694:4.
668:8.
479:to
340:of
253:of
2128::
2029:;
1487:^
1458:^
1407:^
1378:^
1354:.
1323:^
1302:^
1264:^
1225:^
1186:^
614::
591:).
504:,
455:.
380:.
232::
79:,
1823:e
1816:t
1809:v
1712:.
1576:.
1537:.
1197:"
1168:.
573:.
563:.
553:.
228:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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