Philippines and the Spratly Islands

3627:, which rectified retroactively the 1898 Treaty of Paris. Under the 1900 Treaty of Washington, "all islands belonging to the Philippine Archipelago, lying outside the lines described in Article III" were also ceded to the United States as part of the territory of the Philippines, where Scarborough Shoal, the Kalayaan or Spratly Islands, and the rest of Tawi-tawi was included. From 1899 to 1902, the United States war department in the territory of the Philippines republished and reissued four times the 1875 Carita General del Archipelago Filipino with the addition of military telegraph lines, military cable lines, eastern cable company lines, and military department boundaries. The official map of the entire Philippine territory under Spanish rule was effectively adopted as the entire Philippine territory under American rule. During the 1928 Islas Palmas international case, the United States, as representative of the territory of the Philippines, reiterated in a court memorandum that the 1875 Carta General del Archipielago Filipino "is both an American official and a Spanish official map" of Philippine territory, bounding the United States on its recognition of the Scarborough Shoal and the Kalayaan or Spratly Islands as Philippine territory. In 1930, the United States and the 4864:

about 300 civilian residents and 40 soldiers. The civilian population is always less than 200 at a time since other Kalayaan residents have businesses to attend to on the Palawan mainland. The population is regulated to protect the island's environment, to avoid short supplies of commodities and to conserve land space. Pagasa is only 37 hectares and can only accommodate a maximum of 500 people at a time. Most of the civilian population consists of poor Filipinos who were convinced by Mayor Mantes to settle in the islands since 2002. Before, Pagasa Island barely had a civilian population even though Kalayaan was already an established municipality. The settlers are provided a means of livelihood by the government. Most of them are involved in fishing and other sea-related crafts. To make some additions to their supplies which are provided by a naval ship which visits once a month, the settlers also raise pigs, goats and chickens and plant some crops in an allotted space.

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tide. Vietnam erected its first lighthouse in the Spratlys here in October 1993 and built an airstrip. Philippine military controlled the island before the early 1970s. South Vietnamese forces (Republic of Vietnam) invaded the island in 1975, when Filipino soldiers guarding the island attended the birthday party of their commanding officer based in the nearby Northeast Cay. A confirmed report came out that Vietnamese prostitutes were sent by Vietnamese officials to the birthday party, supposedly a sign of good brotherhood between the forces, but was actually used to lure the Filipino soldiers guarding the island. Filipino forces apparently planned on attacking the island, thus it would have led to a war, but Vietnamese forces were able to erect a huge garrison in the island within few weeks, forcing Filipino officials to abort the plan. Since then, more soldiers were assigned to Parola Island (North East Cay), to avoid it from happening again.

3556: 4880:, a commercial communications tower, power generator, houses of civilian families, pig barns and goat and poultry houses. However, the number and size of Pagasa's structures are still relatively few and small compared to structures of other countries' occupied islands. One unique feature of Pagasa Island is its 1.26 kilometres (1,378 yd) unconcretized airstrip. Aerial photos of Pagasa Island show that a rectangular portion of the coral base around Pagasa is reclaimed to serve as an extension of the airstrip. Pagasa's airstrip is the longest airstrip in the Spratly group, followed by Taiwan's Itu Aba (Ligao) Island's 1.150 kilometres (1,258 yd) airstrip (completed in January 2008), Malaysia's Swallow Reef's 1.067 kilometres (1,167 yd) airstrip and Vietnam's Spratly (proper) (Lagos) Island's 610 metres (667 yd) airstrip. Pagasa's airstrip can accommodate 3542: 3986:, discussed how the Philippines could reclaim the island. It had been apparent that most of the officials (who treated the Vietnamese communists as a threat to the Philippine national security) wanted to attack Pugad to reclaim it. However, after an intelligence report stated that the unified Vietnam had already built a huge concrete garrison within a few weeks, the officials dropped the plan and tried to resolve the issue diplomatically. This approach eventually died, and Pugad was still a Vietnamese-occupied island as of March 2008. This incident was reported in interviews with soldiers involved in an episode of the now defunct 5275: 2516: 2452: 2385: 2319: 2248: 2175: 2101: 169: 3946:). The storm that day is also believed to have persuaded all of the soldiers to regroup temporarily on Parola island. A report also came out saying that South Vietnamese officials managed to send Vietnamese prostitutes to the birthday party to lure the Filipino soldiers guarding Pugad Island. The "gift" was said to be a "present" to the Philippine commander for his birthday, and as a move by South Vietnamese forces to befriend all Filipino soldiers guarding the Spratlys. Philippine soldiers did not expect that South Vietnam would resort to foul play since both the 606: 4912:, attempted to dock near the island in 2004 but it was damaged and went aground. Up to this day, the damaged ship is still there. The Philippine government currently has no resources to move the damaged ship. And in 2001, civilian Filipinos who first settled on the island had needed to make numerous boat trips between the coast and the ship to move their belongings and properties. The pigs they have carried to the island were actually thrown in the water. The pigs float in water and they instinctively swim to the nearest land they can see. 4606:

for the Philippines, these two tiny islands are each near a large Philippine-occupied island. Patag Island is just 6 miles (9.7 km) from Lawak Island and Panata Island is just 8 miles (13 km) from Kota Island. Lawak and Kota are 7.93 and 6.45 hectares in area respectively. This situation enables the Philippines to guard the small islands effectively without having to build any structures, or to station soldiers permanently to the two tiny islands. A 10 metres (33 ft) watchtower is present on each of the large islands to

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gas-to-liquid study fulfilled the initial work commitments on the concession and Sterling was granted a 12-month extension in June 2004. In 2005 Forum acquired new 3D seismic data over the licence area fulfilling its work commitments required under the 12-month extension. In September 2006, results of the interpretation of the 3D seismic programme at the Sampaguita (an area inside Reed Bank) gas discovery indicated a world class gas accumulation with potential reserves of up to 20 trillion cubic feet (5.7

4676:), featured the lives of soldiers guarding the islands of Patag and Lawak Islands. As the two islands are near each other, they are managed as a single unit. In the documentary, four enlisted soldiers are stationed there. A simple wooden structure on Lawak, the larger of the two islands, serves as their shelter. They have two dogs as mascots. Basketball serves as a pastime to relieve boredom. Every month, a Navy vessel arrives on a supply run and to replace one or two soldiers. Their weapons include 5239: 3836: 2000: 1846: 927: 272: 4684:. The soldiers themselves believe that they will never be able to protect the islands if other countries attacked them. However, all of them agree that the islands should be guarded since it is of national importance. Occasionally, some Filipino fishermen who happen to see the islands, visit for a few minutes and engage the soldiers in conversation. These fishermen would commend the soldiers, a morale-booster. Before leaving, the fishermen would leave the soldiers a portion of their catch. 5315: 3848: 5266: 3520: 3494: 3469: 3444: 3386: 3360: 223: 5257: 3324: 3295: 3270: 3241: 3216: 3188: 3152: 3120: 3095: 3070: 3042: 3009: 2941: 2882: 2823: 2760: 2699: 2670: 2641: 2582: 375: 4531: 522: 145: 5101:. The project was formally inaugurated on October 16, 2001. Shell Philippines Exploration owns 45% of the project, ChevronTexaco owns 45% and PNOC-EC owns 10%. Malampaya is expected to provide substantial long-term revenue of between $ 8–10 billion USD to the Philippine government over its life span. Other sites eyed by PNOC-EC west of Palawan are the Calamian, West Calamian, West Balabac, and East Sabina sites. 4720: 4715: 4783:

Philippine territory. Instead, the US limited itself in continuously supporting the Philippine defense programs with military and intelligence aid and training, and a variety of diplomatic measures aimed at sending a "strong message" to Beijing. Such "strong messages" and the ASEAN intervention are believed to have calmed China's previously aggressive drive in the Spratly region.

4426:(HR) to seek separate inquiries into the said agreement. Several senators alleged that "the agreement weakens the government's position in its claim over the disputed islands." Also, some alleged that it is a "precondition" set by China in exchange of some loan agreements. After signing the agreement, China has committed Philippines US$ 2 billion a year in loans. 3966:

immediately for fear that Parola would be the next target. After higher-ups of the Philippines were informed about the situation, they instructed the troops based in Parola and Pagasa to stay on red alert status. The following morning, the only thing the Filipino soldiers could do on Parola was to "curse" while the South Vietnamese soldiers sang their

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rights" over the nine-dash line. Accordingly, the PCA tribunal decision is ruled as final and non-appealable by either countries. The tribunal also criticized China's land reclamation projects and its construction of artificial islands in the Spratly Islands, saying that it had caused "severe harm to the coral reef environment". It also characterized

4379:(PetroVietnam), that was signed in September 2004 and took effect in July 2005. JMSU has already finished the first phase of the seismic exploration which lasted from September 1 to November 16, 2006, covering 11,000 line kilometers. A Chinese vessel conducted the survey, Vietnam processed the data gathered and this was interpreted by PNOC-EC in 5142:, and not just disputed waters in the Spratly islands. The Philippines, in general, is tolerant in allowing Chinese vessels to fish in disputed areas including Scarborough Shoal and waters in the vicinity of Philippine-occupied Spratly islands. They are, however, arrested if the Philippine Navy or Coast Guard determines that they are doing 5125:, a survey ship hired by Forum Energy—a UK-based company with a portfolio of projects in the Philippines. Forum Energy intends to return to Reed Bank in 2012 to explore for energy resources. The U.S. military has also signalled its return to the area, with war games scheduled in March with the Philippine navy near Reed Bank. 5231: 4596:

The Philippines has stationed soldiers in its occupied islands and reefs. One to three small structures were built in Likas, Parola, Kota, Lawak and Rizal Reef to house soldiers. The only island with a significant number of structures is Pagasa (see Pagasa Island subsection in this article), the only

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The alleged betrayal also extends up to the signing of the Code of Conduct in 2002. The legislators said that after convincing the other ASEAN states to force China sign the Declaration, which China initially resisted, the Philippines had made an agreement which will clearly affect the fates of other

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pointed out is the continued delay in the passage of the bill setting the Philippines' archipelagic baselines. The bill is needed to be passed before the middle of 2009 to beat the deadline set by the United Nations for the measures defining countries' territorial claims. The bill has just passed its

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rebuts by saying that the agreement is not hidden and is actually posted in a government website. However, legislators are not convinced. They say Malacañang intentionally did not disseminate the right amount of information about the agreement including a detailed map which was only made available by

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fishermen in this region, who cooperate closely with the Philippine Coast Guard and Philippine Navy. Non-Filipino fishermen are tolerated in this region, provided that they comply with Philippine laws. The press in the Philippines have reported many arrests of Chinese fishermen by the Philippine Navy

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to expand their areas. This will make the Municipality of Kalayaan to have a total of five barangays. On the other hand, Patag and Panata Islands are too small to be populated. They are most likely to remain as military outposts unless the Philippines opt to do some massive land reclamation projects

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On July 12, 2016, the arbitrators of the tribunal of PCA agreed unanimiously with the Philippines. They concluded in the award that there was no evidence that China had historically exercised exclusive control over the waters or resources, hence there was "no legal basis for China to claim historic

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activities, thus there is no need for a Senate ratification. Supporters of the agreement contend that the nature of the activity is a scientific one which helps in easing the tensions among the three involved nations. They also say that the JMSU is not different from other agreements the Philippines

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The twelfth largest Spratly island. Covered with small trees, bushes and grass. Has a fringing reef and is inhabited by sea birds. The island is inhabited by an unknown number of Vietnamese soldiers and in the deep waters fronting the south side it is said that a submarine base is situated. Occupied

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Apprehended poachers are put to trial quickly, to avoid further political disputes with China. Normally cases are disposed of within two months, with almost all being convictions. However, Philippine courts generally only confiscate the vessels, and fines the offenders a sum of money that is always

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The Philippines is less tolerant in waters east of the 116°E meridian, the Sulu Sea and the waters between Philippine islands (non-Spratly). Within these areas Chinese fishing vessels normally fly a Philippine flag to avoid suspicion, or try to escape into Malaysian or Indonesian waters when hailed

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The concession was first awarded to Sterling Energy plc (which later merged with another company to form Forum Energy) in June 2002. In 2003 Sterling reprocessed 250 km of 2D seismic data and completed a feasibility study on the gas-to-liquid options for the gas field. The seismic work and the

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with the US to obtain US assistance in repelling Chinese forces from islands claimed by the Philippines. Signed in 1951, the treaty stipulates the two countries to defend each other in case of an attack from an external party. However, US does not include the Spratly Islands in its understanding of

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After the signing of the Code of Conduct between claimant nations in November 2002, the Philippines have maintained a total of 450 soldiers stationed in all of the features it occupies. About 40 of those are in Pagasa Island. The remainder are divided among the remaining features. These exclude the

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for soldiers stationed here. In Balagtas Reef, the Philippine Navy's ships take alternate shifts in guarding the reef and the whole area encompassing all other Philippine-occupied islands. The two other Philippine-occupied islands, Patag and Panata, are each less than a hectare in area. Fortunately

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to remove all remaining South Vietnamese troops in the Spratlys and establish military control among the features. It was reported that dozens of South Vietnamese soldiers on Pugad Island swam all the way to Parola just to avoid being captured by North Vietnamese forces. It was then when Malacañang

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After the party, and when the weather cleared, the returning soldiers were surprised to find that there was a company of South Vietnamese soldiers on the island. The South Vietnamese flag had replaced the Philippine flag flying on the pole erected by the Philippine soldiers. They returned to Parola

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Also, the Philippines has some features that are "virtually occupied". These are features that lie in very close proximity to Philippine-occupied features, and can be seen within the horizon. (A 15 meter-height vision gives about 9 miles (14 km) of horizon distance). These include: North Reef,

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and stock them in a huge container. The soldiers said that, unlike food which can be provided by their fishing and a vegetable garden beside their barracks, fresh water is their number one concern. When they run out of fresh water supplied by the Philippine Navy or Coast Guard, they begin drinking

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of Palawan. Cities and municipalities in the Philippines are divided into smaller political units called barangays. However, because Pagasa is currently the only civilian-inhabited island, Kalayaan is the only municipality in the Philippines to have a single barangay and that is Pagasa. Pagasa has

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and the departure of United States forces from the Philippines in 1991, most claimants, especially China, have aggressively taken actions occupying features and building more structures. In 2001, two years after China's building of additional structures in Mischief Reef that caused a news panic in

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chief of the Philippines, General Hermogenes Esperon Jr., expressed doubts that the Philippines can win a war with other claimants. However, he said that this will not hinder the Philippine's soldiers from defending the islands. "We may not have the chance, but that does not mean that soldiers are

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Shallowest natural depth is 9 m. About 2,500 square miles (6,500 km) in area. The Philippines occupied this feature in 1971 and a Philippine-Sweden joint oil-exploration followed afterwards. However, China protested this act of the Philippines saying that this tablemount which center lies 100

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in the Philippines have always criticized the Philippine government for allowing Chinese fishermen to be released on bail, saying that they must still be punished under Philippine laws. China has always protested the Philippines' arrest of its fishermen, whether these were arrested in the Spratly

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10 m) of natural gas reserves. The Malapaya Project began the Philippines' natural gas industry and enabled the supply of at least 2,700 megawatts of power for a period of at least 20 years starting 2002. In December 2001, an extended well test of the thin oil rim beneath the field initially

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which are above water level when the tide is not extremely high. These sandbars enclose many lagoons which according to the soldiers are like "swimming pools" for the clear water they enclose. When the weather is bad (e.g., typhoon), there comes the boredom. They have no choice but to stay inside

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The Kalayaan residents (led by their mayor) are proposing to have the island developed for tourism. The island has a white beach; trees and birds are abundant. It has good diving spots too. An AFP military chief said that the army together with its navy would help bring more tourists to the white

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Province as a municipality in April 1972, and claimed in 1974 that "Its location rendered it strategically important to Philippine national security". In 1978, the Philippine Presidential Decree No. 1599 was based on the fact that Kalayaan is within the Philippine 200-mile exclusive economic zone

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Under the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the 1935 Constitution was adopted, reiterating the national territory of the Philippines, which included Scarborough Shoal and the Kalayaan or Spratly Islands. After regaining independence in 1946, the Philippines again asserted its claims to the Spratly

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These are unoccupied features which have been given Philippine names. Some sources say that some of these features are occupied by Vietnam or China, but most sources say that they are not occupied. "Occupation" is possibly confused because the said reefs are very close to other occupied features.

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There had been occasions of arrests of Vietnamese fishermen by the Philippine Navy and Coast Guard, however these are not as frequent as arrests of Chinese fishermen. The arrests are also caused largely by poaching activities. The latest arrest of Vietnamese fishermen happened in May 2014 in the

4470:, the legislators said that Philippines had made an agreement with China on its own without even consulting other ASEAN states. Vietnam is said to have initially resisted joining the agreement but was eventually "forced" to join to protect its own interest after Philippines gave China a 100% OK. 2802:

The sixth largest Spratly island. Only 1.75 miles (2.82 km) from Northeast Cay and can be seen before the horizon. Previously a breeding place for birds and covered with trees and guano. Export of guano was once carried out "on a considerable scale." Fringing reef partly above water at high

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The eleventh largest Spratly island. Treeless cay and rocks up to 3 m high surround a lagoon. Malaysia has drawn territorial seas around this and Amboyna Cay. Some 70 plus soldiers stationed at Royal Malaysian Navy offshore EEZ station "Lima". Has a 1.4 km airstrip, jetty and dive resort.

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The flags are placed so that no text and flag overlap. Hence, some flags are not in the exact coordinates where they should actually lie. However, they still portray the general picture on how the Spratly Islands are divided among claimant nations. All occupied features are marked with flags,

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Because of the controversy, some Philippine legislators were alarmed by the increasing Chinese influence in the Philippines which is in parallel with the growing influence of China in other countries, especially in Africa. Reports came out saying that the United States was "pissed off" by the

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Some rocks above water at low tide. Has a large lagoon. In February 1995, PRC had built a wooden complex on stilts here, starting its formal occupation of the feature. In 1999, the Philippines protested over the expanded structures claiming that it is a military outpost and it poses danger to

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The Philippines began exploring the areas west of Palawan for oil in 1970. Exploration in the area began in Reed Bank/Tablemount (Reed Bank is the largest seamount within the Spratly Islands) in 1976, gas was discovered following the drilling of a well. However, China's complaints halted the

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switched on its P33 million Kalayaan Diesel Power Plant project that covered the supply, delivery and installation of the 300 kilowatt diesel generating sets, a 13.8-kilovolt (kV) distribution line and fuel oil storage tanks, providing round-the-clock power to the facilities on the island.

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The largest of the Spratly islands, located about 22 miles (35 km) south-southwest of Philippine-occupied Loaita (Kota) Island and about 6 miles (10 km) west of Vietnam-occupied Sand Cay. Covered with shrubs, coconut, mangroves, guano deposits and fringing reef. Pineapple was once

3776:). Rizal is not in the northeast region; it is near many Vietnamese and Malaysian occupied reefs, thus serving as a good sentry against eastward expansion of Vietnam and northward expansion of Malaysia (see the map below). Unlike Rizal, Balagtas lies at the center of the northeast region. 3706:, then Philippine Vice President and Foreign Minister, asserting that his claim was based on "discovery and occupation". Garcia replied that judging from the point of "occupation" and "proximity", there were no reasons for these islands and reefs not to be under Philippine jurisdiction. 4867:

Because of its thriving civilian community, the only one in the Spratly group, Pagasa has many structures compared to other Philippine-occupied islands. These include the municipal multi-purpose hall, a police station, a school and clinic, a military outpost, a water treatment plant, a

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miles (160 km) from the Philippines is part of China's territories. After that, the Philippines tried asking China for a joint effort but China declined, arguing that the Philippines has no right in this feature. Presently, this feature is largely controlled by the Philippines.

4751:. Since 2001, United States and Philippines have held joint military exercises in different parts of the Philippines. However, some analysts see this agreement as a move of the Philippines in its desperate quest to protect its claimed territories. During the 1970s and 1980s, the 1978:

The PRC, the ROC and Vietnam claim all of the Spratly Island Chain, including some features that are just 50 km from other countries like the Philippines and Malaysia. The Philippines have claims on parts of the area. Here are the islands claimed but are not occupied by the

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The fourth largest Spratly island. 2.5 m high, flat. Covered with bushes, grass, birds and guano. 5.5 m-high obelisk at southern tip. Has landing strip, and a fishing port. Fringing reef is above water at low tide. Some structures with soldiers stationed. Occupied since 1974.

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methods (dynamite, trawl net, or using cyanide poison), to fishing in marine reserves, or more commonly, poaching of endangered sea species like sea turtles. These fishermen are usually labeled as "Chinese poachers" by the Philippine press. Most of them are arrested in the

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There are many unoccupied features in the Spratly chain. The current Code of Conduct prohibits any country from acquiring new features. Many of these features are actually in between and/or near two or more occupied features of different countries. Thus, they serve like

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Around 2018–19, Philippines started to build a beach ramp, enabling the delivery of construction equipment for to work on the construction, rehabilitation and repairs of the Rancudo Airfield airstrip, soldiers' barracks, conventional and renewable power generators,

3623:. The 1898 Treaty of Paris created a treaty line, where Scarborough Shoal, the Kalayaan or Spratly Islands, and parts of Tawi-tawi continued to be under Spanish sovereignty. This led to talks between Spain and the United States, which ended upon the signing of the 2624:

The thirteenth largest Spratly island. 2m high. Two parts: East part consists of sand and coral, west part is covered with guano. Has fringing reef. An obelisk, about 2.7 m high, stands on the SW corner. Little vegetation. Lighthouse operational since May 1995.

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was signed in an effort to ease tensions between the claimants. It has been described as stipulating "that all nations claiming sovereignty over the Spratly Islands shall commit to the status quo and shall not erect any new structure in the disputed regions of

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cargo planes. Right now, numerous plans are proposed for Pagasa. One plan is construction of a hangar beside the airstrip to house more surveillance and fighter jets of the PAF. Another plan is to concretize the airstrip to avoid rough landings of planes.

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The ninth largest Spratly island. Lies 6 miles (10 km) to the east of Taiwan-occupied Taiping Island. Covered with trees and bushes. Fringing reef partly above water at low tide. This feature is commonly confused with Sandy Cay. Occupied since 1974.

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Lies about 2.5 miles (4 km) southwest of Vietnam-occupied Southwest Cay. A tiny cay appears atop this reef on the most detailed map available. On the southwest end of North Danger Reef. Fringing reef is above water at low tide. Occupied since 1988.

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led the inauguration of a beaching ramp on Pag-asa Island (Thitu) which was finally completed after three years. The facility enabled to bring in more materials and equipment to repair and maintain the airstrip and building of other facilities. Also,

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Lies 16 miles (26 km) southwest of Philippine-occupied Thitu Island (Pagasa Island). Naturally above water only at low tide. Surrounds a lagoon. As of 2011, PRC has built a permanent reef fortress and supply platform that can house 160 troops.

3768:. By 2008, Vietnam had about 30 non-island occupied features. Some of these are very close to Philippine-occupied islands. Due to the pressure of losing fishing area in South China Sea, the Philippines decided to occupy at least two reefs: Rizal ( 5108:

is currently awarded to Forum Energy plc, a UK-based oil, gas and coal company. The Reed Bank concession is located in the South China Sea west of Palawan Island. The licence is located to the southwest of the Shell-operated Malampaya Gas Field.

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Unlike Malampaya, Reed Bank is claimed by the People's Republic of China, Republic of China, and Vietnam. There is still no news on whether these countries are disputing this exploration or not. In March 2011, two Chinese vessels chased off the

976:. Philippine military presence in this region intensified after the 1995 Mischief Reef incident. The Philippine Air Force has been active in striking even the markers set up by other countries to guide the latter's naval forces in this region. 4974:

Parola, Likas, Kota and Lawak Islands are expected to be populated within the following next two decades. However, the latter two islands may take a longer time to be populated because they are less than eight hectares, requiring a need for

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The Philippine government tries to compensate for this boredom by giving the soldiers a salary way above their normal salary. Actually, this has been the reason why some of the soldiers always volunteer to take the job despite the boredom.

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which are unarmed and are considered as civilians of Pagasa island. These also exclude naval personnel aboard Philippine Navy and Philippine Coast Guard vessels and pilots of the Philippine Air Force's jets which regularly patrol the area.

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had made in the past with Australia and Norway regarding the oil in the Spratlys. Critics, on the other hand, pointed that Australia and Norway are in a different situation since neither of these countries is a claimant to the Spratlys.

4656:, where President Chen visited in February 2008. The cartoon is a commentary on the Philippines' inability to enforce its claim in the Spratlys due, to its lagging military capabilities. Ligao is the Philippine name for the island. 8245: 4984:

where Malaysia turned it into an artificial island with 6.2 hectares area, will reduce the Philippines' fishing space. Thus, such reclamation projects might be opposed by Filipino fishermen who regularly fish in the said reefs.

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Soldiers on Ayungin Reef have similar problems regarding clean water. However, unlike the soldiers in Rizal Reef who have small quarters, the soldiers in Ayungin Reef have a much better lifestyle. Their shelter is the grounded

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Among the claimant nations, the Philippines is considered the weakest in terms of military capability. Its defense program in the Spratlys only includes several old naval vessels, most of which are used assets sourced from the

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Contiguous with Vietnam-occupied Collins Reef which lies 4 miles (6 km) away northwest. Naturally above water only at low tide, but many rocks above water at high tide. Site of 1988 PRC/Vietnam clash. Occupied since 1988.

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signed a treaty, where the United Kingdom recognized the territory of Philippines which included Scarborough Shoal and the Kalayaan or Spratlys, effectively bounding the United Kingdom's successor countries as well, such as

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cultivated here. In August 1993, plans were announced for a 2 km-long airstrip and a fishing port. The now only 1150-meters-long airstrip was completed in January 2008. Occupied since September 1956, four months after

4455:, betrayal of public trust, violation of the constitution and other charges related to other anomalies the Arroyo is currently facing. The Philippine Senate believes that the agreement should have gone through them for 8291: 4629:

considered sinking the boat. Fortunately for the engineering team, the marines did not carry out their plan as they suspected that the boat was crewed by Filipinos and that it was seeking refuge because of the storm.

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Above water only at low tide. Some large rocks at the western end are visible at high water. Encloses a lagoon. Several soldiers stationed at Royal Malaysian Navy offshore EEZ station "Papa". Occupied since 1999.

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The Philippine Senate, which is an opposition-majority block, believes that the President can be impeached if she was proven to have forsaken the national interests of the Philippines. Charges can include

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Coral. Highest rocks are 4.5 m high, at SW end. Much of reef is above water at high tide. Some sandy patches. 18 miles (29 km) long. Its military structures have been upgraded. Occupied since 1987.

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ASEAN states without even consulting them. The legislators also say that Arroyo became too soft regarding China's claim over the Spratlys, while all other ASEAN states are still strongly rejecting it.

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A sand cay, 1.5–2 m high, surrounded by two lagoons, parts of which are above water at high tide. Several soldiers stationed at Royal Malaysian Navy offshore EEZ station "Mike". Occupied since 1986.

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in the Philippines regularly reports arrests of these fishermen, with violations ranging from failure to allow Philippine authorities to inspect their ships when inside Philippine waters, to using

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their small quarters on stilts. However, they are not totally bitter when the weather is bad since it is also their source of clean water. The roof of their quarters is made such that it can catch

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Above water only at low tide. Some isolated rocks on the eastern edge stand above high water. Several soldiers stationed at Royal Malaysian Navy offshore EEZ station "Sierra". Occupied since 1999.

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The Philippines in the Spratly group, like any other country, reserves the right to fire upon any vessel of other countries found within the horizon of its occupied features. For instance, the

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Malacañang, on the other hand, continues to stress that there is nothing wrong with the agreement and that it doesn't go against the constitution. They contend that the agreement is for purely

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islands. The Americans at the time discouraged the Philippines to avoid conflict with the Chinese government of Chiang Kai-shek, who was an ally of the United States. In 1946, Vice President

3596:), and is the earliest map to showcase the sovereignty of a nation over Scarborough Shoal and the Spratly Islands. The official territories of the Philippines was again published in the 1808 5090:

yielded about 8 million barrels (1,300,000 m) of oil per day (bpd). It is also believed to be the deepest horizontal subsea well test undertaken in the world at a depth of about 850 m.

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Naturally above water only at low tide. Encloses a lagoon. Has a few sandy patches. Several soldiers stationed at Royal Malaysian Navy offshore EEZ station "Uniform". Occupied since 1986.

3694:, on all features he claimed. His claim comprises about fifty features among the Spratly group. In September 1956, after the Republic of China occupied the largest island, Ligao Island ( 8175: 3935:

and the unoccupied North Reef. Southwest and Northeast Cays are just 1.75 miles (2.82 km) from each other; each island can actually see the other within their respective horizons.

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under Section 2, sub-paragraph A which described the territory as a "Regime of Islands"—a concept defined in the United Nation Convention on Law of the Sea for similar bodies of land.

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Lies 8 miles (13 km) southwest of Vietnam-occupied Sin Cowe Island. Connected to Johnson South Reef. A "coral dune" is located at the southeast corner, above the high tide line.

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East part is sand "cay", 0.6 m high. West part is coral reef which is above water only at low tide. Between them is a lagoon. Vietnam erected a lighthouse here in May or June 1994.

6114: 5804: 2303:

A sand dune, 2 m high. Has fringing reef plus a reef 2 miles (3 km) to the south, both covered at high tide. Southern reef was occupied by PRC on 7/4/92. Occupied since 1988.

1214:

Several rocks on the eastern side rise one to two feet above high tide. Encloses a lagoon. Reports in February 2016 indicate the Philippine control of the reef might have ended.

4588:. China however rejected the ruling, calling it "ill-founded". Taiwan, which currently administers Taiping Island, the largest of the Spratly Islands, also rejected the ruling. 3690:. Observing that there was no human settlement, nor national flag, present on them, he decided to establish the Kalayaan municipality. He posted a document in English, entitled 3569:

There are records of various cultures in the region passing through the islands for trade. Permanent populations and military stations only became apparent in the 20th century.

5899: 5872: 4980:

on the islands. Rizal, Balagtas and Ayungin Reefs will likely remain as fishing zones occupied by Philippine forces. Land reclamation on these reefs, like what Malaysia did to

8097: 7866: 7067:"Press Release: Arbitration between the Republic of the Philippines and the People's Republic of China: Arbitral Tribunal Establishes Rules of Procedure and Initial Timetable" 3962:. This tactic is believed to be the reason why South Vietnamese forces knew that the Filipino soldiers had left the island, an action that would usually be kept confidential. 6463: 4634: 4610:

the tiny islands within the horizon. In addition, Philippine Navy vessels and reconnaissance planes are always present in the area to monitor movements of foreign countries.

3764:

Several years after the Philippines had occupied its latest island, it became apparent that Vietnam was not content in only occupying islands; Vietnam started occupying many

8439: 5774: 4399:

The Philippines ... has made breathtaking concessions in agreeing to the area for study, including parts of its own continental shelf not even claimed by China and Vietnam.

4386:

A controversy broke out when Barry Wain, a researcher in the Institute for Southeast Asian Studies in Singapore, wrote an article in the January–February 2008 issue of the

8189: 7827: 7256: 6860: 6493: 6204: 6177: 6150: 8107: 6656: 6624: 6529: 4755:

who have bases in Vietnam and the United States which has bases in the Philippines have maintained a balance of power in the Spratly region. After the collapse of the

3561: 5572: 5551: 5450: 4767:

exercises. Some of these amphibious assault exercises were held in Palawan which lies near the Spratlys. Analysts say Philippines does not need amphibious assault in

8318: 4812:

China then urged the Philippines to remove the grounded ships and the Philippines immediately replied that it would do so. However, the Philippines only removed BRP

4199:

are limited to particular regions in the area, making these two countries incapable of contesting exploitation rights in other regions. In his essay contributed for

7619: 7181: 5664: 5501: 7124: 4809:

during 1999. The Philippines decided to occupy Ayungin Reef following Malaysia's sudden occupation of Erica Reef and Investigator Shoal during the same year.

4760:

Manila, the Visiting Forces Agreement was ratified by both United States and the Philippines. Since then, a joint military exercise is always held annually.

4597:

Philippine-occupied island to have a civilian population. The Philippines has not built any structure on Ayungin and Balagtas Reefs. A Philippine Navy ship,

5718: 4022:

has never occupied another feature after the 1970s until 1999. While other countries occupied most of the features they control now during that period, the

5590: 4534:

Territorial map of the Philippines, showing internal waters, territorial sea, disputed territory, international treaty limits and exclusive economic zone.

613:

The Philippines, along with Vietnam, the People's Republic of China (PRC), the Republic of China (ROC), Malaysia and Brunei, is a claimant country in the

588:

from the Philippine perspective. Non-Philippine viewpoints regarding Philippine occupation of several islands are currently not included in this article.

5849: 915:

Also, most features that lie to the east of the 116°E Meridian of longitude, though not necessarily occupied, are largely controlled by the Philippines.

5010:

The soldiers in Lawak Island, just to signify how bored they were, said that they enjoy watching the flights, egg-laying and incubation of the numerous

4413:, a Philippine producing gas field. About one-sixth of the entire area, closest to the Philippine coastline, is outside the claims by China and Vietnam. 2228:

deposits disagree. Occupied by PRC since 1988. "Marine observation station" built by PRC in 1988. Designated as PRC's main command headquarters in the

6973: 5947: 600: 4435:

Malacañang few days after the controversy broke out to a limited number of people. China denied the allegations connecting the deal with the loans.

609:

Unofficial NAMRIA map showing features in the Kalayaan Island Group (Spartly Islands). Features names are those recognized by Philippine government.

5085:), located 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of northern Palawan. It is not claimed by other countries. It contains 3.7 trillion cubic feet (1.0 4490:

Philippines' deal with China, signifying a war of the US and China for dominance in the ASEAN region. The US embassy in Manila denied the reports.

79: 3226:

Two sand "cays", 2 m and 1 m high, lie on the edges of a lagoon. Parts of the surrounding reef are above water at high tide. Occupied since 1988.

5093:

The upstream component of the US$ 4.5 billion Malampaya gas-to-power project was jointly developed by Shell Philippines Exploration B.V. (SPEX),

4791:

China has accused the Philippines of intentionally grounding two naval vessels in the Spratly group to advance an occupation. The two ships, the

4565: 6069:, Center for International Relations and Strategic Studies, Foreign Service Institute, the Philippines, CIRSS Papers No.1, December 1993. p. 12. 8072: 7749: 6437: 5357: 4697:

not willing to fight for the country," he said. He stated that despite limited firepower, Filipino troops are ready for "hand-to-hand" combat.

624:

As of 2020, the Philippines are occupying and/or controlling eleven features (eight islands, three reefs), as detailed in the following table:

7220: 1229: 8311: 7801: 6837: 5827: 4958:

plans to upgrade its coast guard station Kalayaan on the island to boost monitoring of incursions and maritime safety and search and rescue.

5603: 4447:(DFA) saying that the bill should not be passed because it is in conflict with some international agreements the government had entered to. 4443:

second reading and the third and final reading is not yet started. Furthermore, the HR committee on foreign affairs received a message from

2269: 2116: 2043: 7584: 7353: 5970: 4943: 8127: 7099: 5297:(China) -The flag nearest the Chigua Reef label. Based on the coordinates of Whitson Reef which is 10°00'N 114°43'E, it should lie there. 2467: 2334: 8361: 7721: 6377: 6122: 5800: 5527: 5468: 5338: 3541: 59: 7950:

Topic ed. P. Saundry. Ed.-in-chief C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC

6893: 8260: 8043: 7961: 7310: 4948: 3398: 2772: 2594: 1871: 1651: 1462: 1421: 1329: 1272: 7552: 2962: 2894: 2835: 2711: 2532: 2401: 2190: 1699: 1609: 1551: 1166: 1124: 1082: 1026: 5895: 5868: 3454:

Naturally above water only at low tide. Encloses a lagoon. Several soldiers stationed. Malaysia is also using this reef for tourism.

3019:

SW part is a sandbank which barely submerges at high tide. The rest is coral reef, awash, surrounding a lagoon. Occupied since 1978.

1765: 503: 7874: 7162: 8304: 7143: 6988: 6467: 4739: 4444: 7669: 5767: 5741: 2436:

Philippine security and national defense, being 130 miles (209 km) from Palawan. PRC claimed it was a shelter for fishermen.

8444: 6438:"The Worrisome Situation of the South China Sea – China Facing the Stepped-up Military Infiltration by the U.S., Japan and India" 4652:(holding a "Tai-ping" sign) successfully hitting a Filipino (holding a "Ligao" sign) with a rock. Tai-ping is the ROC's name for 4560:

In January 2013, the Philippines formally initiated arbitration proceedings against China's claim on the territories within the "

4372: 3977:

A few months later, the then recently formed unified Vietnam (after North Vietnam successfully invaded South Vietnam) decided to

1684:. The area is largely controlled and used for fishing by the Philippines due to its proximity to Flat Island and Nanshan Island. 83: 8197: 6330: 4355:

between the Philippines, China and Vietnam to conduct seismic exploration in an area spanning 142,886 square kilometers west of

8327: 7926: 7424: 5394: 4935:

in Palawan. Several housing units were already built to accommodate tourists. One to two commercial flights between Pagasa and

4904:

that leads all the way to a deep water region where naval vessels can dock. Pagasa island is completely surrounded by its wide

4779: 3974:

officials, who did not want to compromise the alliance while the Vietnam War was still being fought, decided to remain silent.

6268: 8279: 7837: 7266: 6870: 6503: 6214: 6187: 6160: 5925: 8220: 8014: 6666: 6634: 6539: 4951:(DOTR) confirmed that the new seaport and sheltered port in the Thithu island is completed and ready to operate by June 12. 7775: 5447: 5062:

The area surrounding Spratly is said to be rich in yet unexplored oil and gas fields, and hence, remains controversial.

955:. Though not occupied, the Philippines asserts control over these features which are less 100 miles (160 km) from the 5104:

Another oil field being explored today is Reed Bank, which exploration was halted in 1980's after China's objections. The

3722:

The Philippines sent troops to the Spratly group for the first time in 1968. It prioritized large islands such as Pagasa (

8449: 8104: 4992:

in some shallow features to the east of the 116°E meridian like Iroquois Reef and Sabina Shoal is also being considered.

4584:

and other features of the Spratly Islands as "rocks" under UNCLOS, and therefore are not entitled to a 200 nautical mile

4423: 5658: 5498: 4617:

engineering team sent to install a communication system in Pagasa Island in 2005 was forced to seek temporary refuge in

5007:

for them to have continuous contact with their family and superiors, these have not been enough to lift their boredom.

3938:

The "invasion" (occupation of the island) took place when all of the Philippine soldiers guarding the island of Pugad (

123: 67: 5692: 3105:

Several rocks are above water at high tide. Most of reef is above water at low tide. Has lagoon. Occupied since 1988.

7897: 7048: 4923:

sands and pristine waters of Pagasa Island starting April 2008. In addition, there have been plans of building stilt

4482: 3942:) left to attend to the birthday party of their commanding officer, who was based on the neighbouring Parola Island ( 1536:

It encloses two lagoons, naturally above water at low tide. Lies east of the Philippine-occupied Second Thomas Reef.

564: 95: 4383:. The second phase started in October 2007, covering 11,800 line kilometers. It was supposedly to end January 2008. 3668:

company, and director of the Philippine Maritime Institute, declared the founding of the new municipality called in

4831:

she went aground again on Pagasa Island in 2004, but was removed again and still serves the Philippine Navy today.

7642: 4335:." The actual language of the declaration, however, mentions neither "status quo" nor the erection of structures. 5204:

In other situations, the courts approve bail even before a trial could start, and the fishermen are repatriated.

4693: 4368: 531: 392: 4466:. After ASEAN, as a group, confronted China 10 years ago regarding the latter's apparent of hegemonic motive in 542: 7454: 5642: 4573: 75: 7482: 5853: 4367:

and does not necessarily mean as accepted by China and Vietnam). More specifically it is an agreement between

7336: 4204: 2566:

A few rocks are permanently above sea level. Much of the reef is above water at low tide. Encloses a lagoon.

496: 289: 115: 99: 7010: 6416: 5768:"1875 "Carta General del Archipielago Filipino." extract of The Historical Facts in The West Philippine Sea" 5742:"1875 "Carta General del Archipielago Filipino." extract of The Historical Facts in The West Philippine Sea" 3251:

Naturally above water only at low tide, some small rocks might stand above high water. Occupied since 1988.

591:

This article often uses the Philippine names of the maritime features, rather than the international names.

5150:

to elude arrest. When caught the fishermen are usually charged with trespassing in Philippine territories.

5032: 5027:

the water caught from the rain. And during these times is when they limit their baths as much as they can.

4799: 4792: 4539: 4127: 1305: 456: 6947: 5939: 5138:

Many Chinese vessels fish in the South China Sea. Some of these enter internal Philippine waters like the

972:

because of illegal fishing methods and catching of endangered sea species, both in this region and in the

91: 8371: 6593: 4510:

facilities, lighthouses, sewage disposal system, shelters and storage facilities for civilian fishermen.

4391: 3624: 5364: 4999:

is very small. There is very little to do in the islands. Though all features of the Philippines have a

7029: 5611: 4962: 4744: 5427: 7832: 7400: 7261: 6865: 6832: 6661: 6629: 6534: 6498: 6231: 6209: 6182: 6155: 5081:

in the Philippines. It is extracting natural gas from the Camago-Malampaya oil leg (CMOL) (or simply

3648:

reiterated the "New Southern Islands", the forerunner name for Kalayaan, as part of the Philippines.

8190:"Editorial: The Rape of Tubbataha; Chinese Poaching 'A Simple Case of Violation of Philippine Laws'" 8076: 6441: 6079: 6033: 4251:, both through product boycotts and the possibility of peace instability. Even non-Spratly claiming 3761:, on June 11, 1978, formally annexed the Kalayaan Islands by virtue of Presidential Decree No.1596. 1358:

Lies east of both Philippine-occupied Nanshan Island and Flat Island. Above water only at low tide.

3548:

as shown on the 1734 Murillo Velarde map. Some shoals in the Spratlys were then considered part of

489: 8386: 7514: 6974:

Philippines bolsters posture in South China Sea after navy ship docks at new Spratly Islands port

6588: 5333: 5292:(Vietnam) -The flag sandwiched between the flags for Sin Cowe Island (V) and Landsowne Reef (V). 5234:

Spratly islands map showing occupied features marked with the flags of countries occupying them.

4856: 4585: 4212: 884: 614: 55: 7588: 7350: 7221:"Taiwan-controlled Taiping Island is a rock, says international court in South China Sea ruling" 5978: 5573:"Aerial photo [114.4814E, 9.8461N], [114.5019E, 9.8573N] (Sin Cowe East Island)" 4187:

occupied only eight features. However, these features were strategic points in the area, making

4046:

countries who can serve as investors, were already drawing a plan on a wide exploitation of the

8131: 7695: 4955: 4499: 3620: 3280:

Numerous rocks are naturally above the high tide line. Encloses a lagoon. Occupied since 1988.

944: 535: 6799: 6771: 6742: 6714: 6391: 6080:"PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1599: ESTABLISHING AN EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES" 5476: 3698:), Cloma decided to cede and sell all the territories of his state to the Philippines for one 2741:

The seventh largest. Has fringing reef which is above water at low tide. Occupied since 1974.

8416: 7946: 7330: 6020: 5105: 3747: 3061: 765: 402: 8354: 7562: 7288: 6689: 6562: 5178: 4936: 4881: 4614: 4555: 4178: 3608: 3580:, which details territories under full sovereign control of Spanish Philippines, including 3086: 952: 692: 3686:

He "found" the islands while he, with his brothers and 40 crew, were "adventuring" in the

546: 8: 8366: 8296: 8244:

No comprehensive discussion about arrests of Vietnamese fishermen is easily available. A

7990: 7395: 6354: 6311: 6306: 6278: 6002:"Maritime Jurisdiction in the Three China Seas: Options For Equithhryryryable Settlement" 5552:"Aerial photo [114.5614E, 9.9010N], [114.5665E, 9.9038N] (Grierson Reef)" 5209:

region controlled by the Philippines, in Scarborough Shoal, or in the internal Sulu Sea.

5082: 5004: 4908:

making it hard for naval vessels to get near the island. Actually, one naval vessel, the

4860: 4607: 4303:

today is beginning to engage itself in joint efforts to exploit the area. In particular,

4140: 4122: 3995: 3923:

Southwest Cay is in the northern western corner of the Spratly Islands. It is within the

3876: 3678: 3000: 1512: 940: 872: 461: 324: 132: 8047: 7965: 7928:

Incident at Mischief reef: Implications for The Philippiens, China and The United States

7182:"Taiwan rejects South China Sea ruling, says will deploy another navy vessel to Taiping" 6985: 6349: 4131:, a Philippine naval ship that was purposely run aground in the reef shortly before the 605: 8153: 7201: 5320: 5043: 4764: 4726: 4576:(PCA) would function as registry and provide administrative duties in the proceedings. 4517:

landed on the ramp. Work on the port and upgrades to the island's airstrip progressed.

4114: 4086: 3485: 2931: 2310: 861: 250: 201: 71: 8174:

No comprehensive discussion about arrests of Chinese fishermen is easily available. A

4147:

a sentry advantage in stopping other countries' occupation of features nearest to the

3162:

A sand cay with fringing reef. (Despite some ambiguity in various references, this is

1195:

Some sources say this area is occupied by the Philippines due to its proximity to the

8376: 8275: 7370: 7186: 6327: 5638: 5328: 5205: 5167: 4848: 4806: 4645: 4641: 4543: 4419: 4332: 4125:

in 1999. No structure is built on the reef. Soldiers stationed there take shelter at

3978: 3924: 3905: 3581: 960: 119: 7932: 7432: 5402: 4995:

Filipino soldiers guarding the islands always feel bored in their assignment. Their

4692:. Its air assets lean more toward surveillance types rather than fighters. A former 2154:

Coral rocks only. Highest are 1.5 m high, on the north. Occupied by PRC since 1988.

6440:. United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission. 2004. Archived from 6146: 5282:

including those which are not labeled in the map. Here are all unlabeled features:

5017:

The soldiers on Rizal Reef, on the other hand, enjoy fishing. Rizal Reef has white

4976: 4928: 4916: 4839:

As of 2008, the only Philippine-occupied Spratly island to have many structures is

4748: 4602: 4248: 3991: 3983: 3887: 3884: 3868: 3758: 3727: 3703: 3669: 3315: 3111: 2161: 1900:

A sand "cay", 1.2 m high. Many rocks above high tide line. Reef encloses a lagoon.

676: 334: 186: 4462:

Opposition legislators also say that the agreement is a betrayal to the 10-member

4394:

saying that "it was largely a sellout on the part of the Philippines". Wain wrote:

8381: 8270: 8111: 7726: 7539: 7357: 6992: 6804: 6776: 6747: 6719: 6420: 6334: 6273: 5505: 5454: 5395:"Place Keywords by Country/Territory– Pacific Ocean (without Great Barrier Reef)" 5358:"Place Keywords by Country/Territory– Pacific Ocean (without Great Barrier Reef)" 5190: 5158: 5143: 4932: 4897: 4817: 4775:. China has protested past Balikatan exercises that were held near the Spratlys. 4638: 4622: 4467: 4328: 4324: 4232: 4224: 4047: 3967: 3913: 3909: 3699: 3687: 3657: 3645: 3589: 2690: 2229: 2079: 1592: 1495: 1205: 1008: 968: 948: 792: 618: 585: 446: 422: 29: 4568:(UNCLOS) convention. An arbitration tribunal was constituted under Annex VII of 4315:

are already working on their second phase of drawing a joint exploitation plan.

3757:

To further the claim of the Philippines on the island group, the late President

3080:

Naturally above water only at low tide. Encloses a lagoon. Occupied since 1988.

7015: 6001: 5186: 5000: 4768: 4702: 4653: 4649: 4581: 4561: 4136: 4010:

had occupied a total of eight islands and two reefs. These features, excluding

3769: 3739: 3665: 3628: 3511: 3179: 2813: 2092: 2015: 1196: 832: 724: 451: 432: 363: 358: 314: 284: 255: 181: 7066: 5828:"NEWS IN CONTEXT: Is The 1898 Paris Treaty The Strongest Case For WPS Claims?" 898:

Vietnam occupies and/or controls six islands, seventeen reefs and three banks,

37: 8433: 8265: 7049:"China's Global Reputation Hinges on Upcoming South China Sea Court Decision" 6952: 6623:

Uy, Veronica; Maila Ager; Dona Pazzibugan; Norman Bordadora (March 7, 2008).

5519: 5094: 4538:

Republic Act 9522, was passed by the Congress which defined the archipelagic

4430:

is suspected by some legislators to be hiding the facts about the agreement.

4427: 4158: 4098: 4071: 4067: 4011: 3955: 3951: 3943: 3939: 3928: 3917: 3860: 3852: 3847: 3808: 3743: 3735: 3731: 3616: 3413: 3400: 3377: 3143: 2977: 2964: 2909: 2896: 2850: 2837: 2787: 2774: 2751: 2726: 2713: 2632: 2609: 2596: 2547: 2534: 2482: 2469: 2416: 2403: 2376: 2349: 2336: 2284: 2271: 2205: 2192: 2131: 2118: 2058: 2045: 1886: 1873: 1780: 1767: 1714: 1701: 1666: 1653: 1624: 1611: 1566: 1553: 1477: 1464: 1436: 1423: 1407:

Lies only a few miles north of Commodore Reef. Above water only at low tide.

1344: 1331: 1287: 1274: 1244: 1231: 1181: 1168: 1139: 1126: 1097: 1084: 1041: 1028: 743: 702: 427: 412: 319: 309: 235: 206: 4729:

exercise last 2004 in Palawan, only a few miles east of the Spratly Islands.

4431: 4191:

able to assert its exploitation rights for the whole area. In contrast, the

3971: 8349: 7931:. Pennsylvania, USA: US Army war college, Carlisle barracks. Archived from 7870: 7202:"South China Sea: Tribunal backs case against China brought by Philippines" 6622: 6236: 5078: 4981: 4885: 4840: 4507: 4456: 4376: 4239:). Being one of the major consumers of Chinese goods and being adjacent to 4170: 4026:

has maintained not to occupy any features further. It is attributed to the

3723: 3347: 3337: 3261: 3207: 3133: 3032: 3022: 2147: 1527: 904:

Malaysia occupies and/or controls one artificial island and five reefs, and

654: 476: 471: 466: 397: 329: 260: 7903: 6920: 5663:(8th ed.). Taunton: UKHO - United Kingdom Hydrographic Office. 2010. 4157:

has also been reported seeking to establish another forward outpost, past

1314:

Lies only a few miles west of Palawan. Naturally above water at low tide.

1258:

Naturally above water only at low tide. Surrounds a narrow strip of sand.

8331: 7612:"Military mulls using Pagasa Island as training ground for Navy officers" 7125:"A UN-appointed tribunal dismisses China's claims in the South China Sea" 5238: 4989: 4689: 4514: 4439: 4308: 4284: 4192: 4148: 4144: 4132: 4090: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4007: 3959: 3947: 3864: 3840: 3835: 3773: 3751: 3661: 3612: 3577: 3573: 3435: 3232: 2873: 2573: 2239: 2082: 1999: 1845: 1828: 1680:

A group of features located south of Reed Tablemount. The reef includes:

926: 854: 803: 581: 387: 299: 294: 277: 271: 240: 196: 191: 157: 5177:

When poachers are arrested in the Spratly region, they are turned in to

7646: 7459: 6067:

The Philippines and the South China Sea Islands: Overview and Documents

5589:

Erica Reef and Investigator shoal were occupied by Malaysia in 1999. A

5154: 4905: 4869: 4820: 4564:" that includes Spratly Islands, which it said is "unlawful" under the 4082: 3932: 3460: 3286: 839: 784: 714: 304: 245: 5069: 4996: 7750:"PH Coast Guard station upgrade in Pag-asa planned amid China threat" 7239: 7160: 6382: 6051:

The South China Sea Islands, Sovereignty and International Conflicts,

5230: 5023: 4772: 4734: 4677: 4661: 4601:, which ran aground on Ayungin Reef in 1999, serves as a shelter and 4530: 4513:

By May 2020, the beaching ramp was completed and Filipino Naval ship

4410: 4387: 4260: 4256: 4200: 2443: 1944:

Above water only at low tide. Some rocks still visible at high tide.

843: 580:– this article discusses the policies, activities and history of the 407: 211: 1971:

Claimed features by the Philippines but occupied by another country

7802:"Freedom Day brings more power to outpost asserting PH sovereignty" 5265: 5219: 5194: 5166:(an internal sea within the Philippines), with some apprehended in 5163: 5139: 5018: 5011: 4924: 4901: 4877: 4844: 4681: 4288: 4272: 4268: 4196: 4110: 4078: 4039: 3714:(EEZ). The Philippine claim extends over an area of 70,150 sq. nm. 3633: 3519: 3493: 3468: 3443: 3385: 3359: 3167: 2661: 973: 964: 755: 417: 228: 222: 87: 5719:"Panatag is proven PH territory; China claims it by bogus history" 8411: 7722:"Tugade confirms Pag-Asa Island seaport ready to open by June 12" 7557: 7351:

Rebuilding the U.S.-Philippine Alliance (The Heritage Foundation)

7091:

The Republic of the Philippines v. The People's Republic of China

6413: 5256: 5182: 5171: 5036: 4919:

of Tomas Cloma on the island as a tribute to Kalayaan's founder.

4852: 4752: 4478: 4452: 4356: 4312: 4280: 4276: 4174: 4162: 4118: 4106: 4102: 4035: 3710: 3695: 3549: 3323: 3294: 3269: 3240: 3215: 3187: 3151: 3119: 3094: 3069: 3041: 3008: 2940: 2881: 2822: 2759: 2698: 2669: 2640: 2581: 956: 688: 380: 374: 4855:. All Philippine-occupied Spratly islands are integrated as one 4633: 4359:, all of which are within Philippine territories (as defined by 7902:. Chennai, India: Institute For Topical Studies. Archived from 7825: 5302:(China) -The flag nearest the flag for Johnson South Reef (C). 5247: 4873: 4824: 4569: 4380: 4364: 4352: 4292: 3895: 3709:

The Philippine government incorporated the Kalayaan group into

3637: 2027: 351: 345: 150: 144: 16:

Philippine policies, actions and history in the Spratly Islands

7826:

Bordadora, Norman; Joel Guinto; Veronica Uy (March 14, 2008).

7670:"PH inaugurates beaching ramp on Pagasa Island in West PH Sea" 6464:"DECLARATION ON THE CONDUCT OF PARTIES IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA" 5046:

in Panata Island, on the other hand, used to raise up to five

4030:' initiation for the cooperative development of the area. The 3130:

Rocks up to 1 m high. Encloses a lagoon. Occupied since 1988.

8345: 7899:

Chinese Territorial Assertions: The Case of the Mischief Reef

7425:"The United States in the Philippines: post-9/11 imperatives" 7144:"Beijing's South China Sea Claims Rejected by Hague Tribunal" 6861:"US seeks peaceful, transparent resolution of Spratlys issue" 5274: 5047: 4889: 4719: 4714: 4665: 4621:

due to inclement weather. Since their boat did not display a

4542:, claimed sovereignty over the Kalayaan Island Group and the 4463: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4252: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4228: 4220: 4216: 4208: 4188: 4184: 4166: 4154: 4094: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4043: 3765: 2515: 2451: 2384: 2318: 2247: 2225: 2174: 2100: 1521:

A few rocks are above water at low tide. Surrounds a lagoon.

174: 168: 6425:

Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea

4816:

from Scarborough Shoal shortly before the official visit of

4320:

Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea

7640: 7163:"Beijing rejects tribunal's ruling in South China Sea case" 7161:

Tom Phillips; Oliver Holmes; Owen Bowcott (July 12, 2016).

5098: 5050:

at a time in a lagoon located in the middle of the island.

4756: 4264: 2924:

Naturally above water only at low tide. Encloses a lagoon.

1055:

Several rocks are exposed at low tide. Surrounds a lagoon.

666: 8326: 8015:"IBON: Spratly deal a repeat of disastrous Malampaya sale" 7019:, New York, 10 December 1982. Retrieved on 24 August 2013. 6178:"Lawmaker fears RP will lose out in race for Spratlys oil" 5693:"Amplifying the true narrative of the West Philippine Sea" 5287:(Taiwan) -The flag below the flag for Itu Aba Island (T). 5185:; if in the Sulu Sea, to Puerto Princesa City, Palawan or 5035:, a Philippine naval vessel. They have individual beds, a 3562:

Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas

5568: 5547: 5466: 4360: 1682:

Magat Salamat, Tagpi, Hubo Reef, and Katimugan Banks/Reef

815: 6563:"Spratlys project put on hold as Chinese ODA mess rages" 6528:

Ho, Abigail L.; Juliet Labog-Javellana (March 7, 2008).

6527: 6053:

You Shi Cultural Enterprise Co., Taipei, 1987, p. 83–85.

4369:

Philippine National Oil Company -Exploration Corporation

7455:"Philippines tells China it will remove stranded ships" 6894:"Philippines to build 5 lighthouses in Spratly Islands" 5469:"Taiwan completes military airstrip on Spratly Islands" 5428:"Territorial claims in the Spratly and Paracel Islands" 3588:

in the indigenous language in the map) and Kalayaan or

6625:"Lawmakers seek Senate, House probes on Spratlys deal" 5077:

Today, Malampaya oil platform is the only operational

5003:

to provide soldiers access to television shows, and a

8154:"200 sea turtles found on board Chinese fishing boat" 7257:"AFP to go 'hand-to-hand' to defend Spratlys—Esperon" 7001:, Manila, 10 March 1999. Retrieved on 24 August 2013. 6205:"Palace should explain Spratlys seismic survey—Golez" 6101:

The Spratlies: What Can Be Done to Enhance Confidence

5896:"ANALYSIS: The most complicated dispute in the world" 5146:

activity (i.e., using dynamites, or cyanide poison).

2224:

Rocks up to 1 m high. says all below high tide, but

901:

ROC occupies and/or controls one island and one reef,

8440:

Battles of the Vietnam War involving the Philippines

6175: 5310: 4805:, were grounded on Ayungin (Second Thomas) Reef and 932:

Unoccupied but Largely Controlled by the Philippines

7371:"World: Asia-Pacific: Analysis: Flashpoint Spratly" 7218: 5632: 4701:one to two policemen and several village guards or 4062:plan to halt. The most controversial occupation of 3604:, which continued to include the Kalayaan islands. 6945: 6232:"Viets not in RP part of Spratlys, says NSC chief" 5962: 5801:"China has backed Philippine maritime zone Carpio" 5212: 4058:began occupying features by mid-1980s causing the 3920:forces were able to invade and occupy the island. 7089:"Press Release: The South China Sea Arbitration ( 6466:. ASEAN Society. November 4, 2002. Archived from 6176:Bordadora, Norman; TJ Burgonio (March 11, 2008). 5850:"1901 U.S. War Department Map of the Philippines" 5189:whichever is nearer; if in Scarborough Shoal, to 4915:Kalayaan residents have also erected an imposing 3656:The Philippine assertion of sovereignty over the 601:Lists of maritime features in the Spratly Islands 8431: 8261:Inquirer.net Special Report on the Spratly Issue 8218: 8130:. Business Mirror. June 14, 2007. Archived from 6772:"Senate to review Spratlys oil exploration deal" 5869:"Carpio debunks China lie about owning Spratlys" 5635:Sovereignty Over the Paracel and Spratly Islands 5593:can confirm the occupation of these two features 5422: 5420: 4181:planes have blasted the buoys out of the water. 3572:In 1734, the Spanish colonial government in the 80:List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands 6825: 6390:(12). TIME Asia (Hong Kong) Ltd. Archived from 6262: 6260: 6258: 6256: 5491: 5448:China takes another fishing ground near Palawan 5133: 4566:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 4093:to protest further. Due to this pressure, with 4001: 8248:can provide ample sources about these arrests. 8178:can provide ample sources about these arrests. 7553:"Taiwan completes airstrip on disputed island" 6007:. Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation 5712: 5710: 5467:CNA (Central News Agency) (January 29, 2008). 3927:, which also contains the Philippine-occupied 8312: 8122: 8120: 8098:"Conflict looms in South China Sea oil rush." 7317:. Archived from the original on June 29, 2004 6948:"Repairs on Pag-asa Island to continue – DND" 6269:"Kalayaan: Where have all the soldiers gone?" 5691:Braid, Florangel Rosario (February 9, 2024). 5686: 5684: 5682: 5417: 497: 8271:The Spratly Islands dispute: who's on first? 8038: 8036: 7645:. Sandia National Laboratory. Archived from 6690:"RP knew exploration 'too close' to Palawan" 6350:"After Spratlys, China out to claim Palawan" 6253: 5073:Map showing oil and lead fields in Reed Bank 4404:Regarding the area of exploration he stated: 3611:, Spain lost and ceded the territory of the 1584:Seahorse Shoal / Seashore Shoal / Routh Bank 1498:(including Nares Bank and Marie Louise Bank) 7985: 7983: 7289:"DND: No need to tighten Spratlys security" 6998:Congress of the Republic of the Philippines 6800:"Nothing wrong with Spratlys deal – Palace" 6065:, p. 16, citing Neil Frank R. Ferrer, 5914: 5707: 5528:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 5339:Territorial disputes in the South China Sea 4549: 4235:lies is named South China Sea, named after 3651: 939:The reefs, shoals, etc. to the east of the 894:By comparison, within the Spratly Islands: 60:Territorial disputes in the South China Sea 8319: 8305: 8221:"7 Vietnamese poachers arrested off Subic" 8188:Jimeno, Rita Linda V. (January 15, 2007). 8181: 8146: 8117: 7867:"Mayroong 'Pag-asa' sa gitna ng karagatan" 7643:"Remote Monitoring in the South China Sea" 7641:Gupta, Vipin; Bernstein, Adam (May 1999). 7508: 7506: 7504: 6918: 6912: 6084:Office of the President of the Philippines 5792: 5679: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5225: 4969: 4520: 545:. Please do not remove this message until 504: 490: 8067: 8065: 8033: 7991:"Malampaya, South China Sea, Philippines" 7962:"CMOL – Camago-Malampaya Oil Leg Project" 7861: 7859: 7857: 7855: 7747: 7609: 7308: 6858: 6826:Labog-Javellana, Juliet (March 8, 2008). 6618: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6560: 6523: 6521: 5819: 5511: 4572:and it was decided in July 2013 that the 3931:(Parola Island), the Vietnamese-occupied 3779: 907:PRC occupies and/or controls eight reefs. 565:Learn how and when to remove this message 7980: 7311:"So much for the Spratly Islands accord" 7194: 6976:, South China Morning Post, 27 May 2020. 6589:"Manila's Bungle in The South China Sea" 6561:de Castro, Isagani Jr. (March 8, 2008). 6487: 6485: 6304: 6300: 6298: 6296: 6202: 6113:Go, Miriam Grace A. (February 2, 2003). 5968: 5894:Carpio, Antonio T. (November 11, 2023). 5583: 5350: 5229: 5128: 5068: 4740:Operation Enduring Freedom - Philippines 4713: 4632: 4529: 3717: 3554: 3540: 604: 541:Relevant discussion may be found on the 42:Spratly Islands military occupations map 8009: 8007: 7799: 7501: 7219:Jun Mai; Shi Jiangtao (July 12, 2016). 6946:Cortez, Gillian M. (February 8, 2019). 6921:"WPS security assured with more assets" 5517: 5382: 4502:constructed 5 lighthouses in the area. 4373:China National Offshore Oil Corporation 4050:group in the early 1980s when suddenly 3702:(US$ 0.50 of the time). Cloma wrote to 3602:Carita General del Archipelago Filipino 3598:Carita General del Archipelago Filipino 3565:, also known as the Murillo Velarde map 2431:East of the centre of Dangerous Ground. 192:Gaven Reefs, Nanxun Reef and Xinan Reef 84:List of airports in the Spratly Islands 8432: 8187: 8062: 7852: 7828:"Proposed baselines: War or surrender" 7773: 7667: 7513:Goloy, Angelina G. (August 22, 2005). 7483:"ASEAN Summit to Face Spratly Dispute" 7368: 7309:Rodriguez, Ronald A. (June 26, 2004). 7254: 6891: 6828:"Spratlys deals irked US, says Drilon" 6769: 6715:"Loans not linked to Spratlys – China" 6609: 6554: 6518: 6347: 6266: 6229: 6106: 5893: 5866: 5759: 5733: 5716: 4709: 918: 912:Sandy Cay, Loaita Nan and Loaita Cay. 8300: 7924: 7895: 7512: 7141: 7046: 6967: 6587:Wain, Barry (January–February 2008). 6482: 6375: 6293: 6103:, ISIS Research Note, Malaysia, 1990. 6086:. The LawPhil Project. June 11, 1978. 6049:, p. 16, citing Cheng Hurng Yu, 5875:from the original on October 26, 2023 5798: 5690: 5633:Chemillier-Gendreau, Monique (2000). 158:Louisa Reef-Semarang Barat Kecil Reef 8004: 7422: 7179: 7098:. PCA. July 12, 2016. Archived from 6919:Nepomuceno, Priam (April 21, 2021). 6586: 6145: 5825: 5520:"Lighthouses of the Spratly Islands" 5508:, May 24, 2011, The Philippine Star. 5399:Digital Gazetteer of Spratly Islands 4725:US and Filipino soldiers on a joint 4591: 4525: 4481:activities only, without any actual 4409:thrusts into the Spratlys and abuts 4135:decided to occupy it. Together with 4121:, the Philippines decided to occupy 515: 8103:. February 28, 2012 (archived from 7776:"Napocor powers up Kalayaan Island" 7748:Mangosing, Frances (May 26, 2021). 7030:"Timeline: South China Sea dispute" 6770:Mendez, Christina (March 7, 2008). 5969:Palatino, Mong (November 1, 2010). 5867:Bondoc, Jarius (October 18, 2023). 5667:from the original on March 21, 2014 5518:Rowlett, Russ (November 15, 2013). 4939:are available weekly for tourists. 4927:in Pagasa Island, like the ones in 4338: 4227:(Magno said it is very unlucky for 3819:Vietnamese Capture of Southwest Cay 3576:published the first edition of the 578:Philippines and the Spratly Islands 92:Royal Malaysian Navy Offshore Bases 64:Philippines and the Spratly Islands 13: 8254: 7693: 7561:. January 28, 2008. Archived from 6859:Quismundo, Tarra (March 9, 2008). 6797: 6688:Go, Miriam Grace (March 9, 2008). 6687: 6491: 6230:Dancel, Joshua (August 31, 2002). 6112: 6096: 6062: 6046: 5999: 5950:from the original on June 25, 2017 5924:harvnb error: no target: carpio1 ( 5902:from the original on June 19, 2024 5807:from the original on June 19, 2024 5765: 5739: 5610:. www.spratlys.org. Archived from 5499:China builds more Spratly outposts 5170:. Rarely, arrests are made in the 5057: 4718: 4215:. Magno, in particular, called on 4173:, just 82 miles (132 km) off 403:Cornwallis South Reef, Nui Le Reef 325:Second Thomas Shoal, Ayungin Shoal 305:Loaita Cay, Melchora Aquino Island 261:Swallow Reef, Layang-Layang Island 251:Investigator Shoal, Peninjau Shoal 124:Johnson South Reef skirmish (1988) 68:Dangerous Ground (South China Sea) 14: 8461: 8285: 7925:Meyer, Lt Col. Stanley E (1996). 7800:Domingo, Ronnel (June 12, 2021). 7774:Rivera, Danessa (June 13, 2021). 7719: 7369:Havely, Joe (February 14, 1999). 6492:Ho, Abigail L. (March 19, 2008). 6305:Abaricia, Aimee (July 16, 2005). 5780:from the original on June 5, 2024 5717:Bondoc, Jarius (March 27, 2024). 4834: 4786: 4743:(OEF-P) which is in turn part of 4493: 4428:President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo 4247:bloc is capable of crippling the 4203:in 1999, Professor Alex Magno of 4123:Ayungin Reef (Second Thomas Reef) 4117:just 150 miles (240 km) off 4101:just 130 miles (210 km) off 4087:Pawikan Reef (Investigator Shoal) 4083:Gabriela Silang Reef (Erica Reef) 428:Southwest Cay, Song Tu Tay Island 96:Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads 8238: 8219:Macairan, Evelyn (May 1, 2014). 8212: 8168: 8156:. Wildnews Extra. September 2007 8091: 7396:"Stay away, Reds warn US troops" 6348:Bondoc, Jarius (April 4, 2001). 6099:, p. 16, citing BA Hamzah, 5313: 5273: 5264: 5255: 5246: 5237: 5201:paid by the Chinese government. 4827:. After the Philippines removed 4778:The Philippines has invoked its 4345:Joint Marine Seismic Undertaking 3994:: Good Evening Nation) (MGB) of 3846: 3834: 3518: 3492: 3467: 3442: 3384: 3358: 3322: 3293: 3268: 3239: 3214: 3186: 3150: 3118: 3093: 3068: 3040: 3007: 2939: 2880: 2821: 2758: 2697: 2668: 2639: 2580: 2514: 2450: 2383: 2317: 2246: 2173: 2099: 2026: 1998: 1844: 963:is 100 miles (160 km) from 925: 520: 433:Spratly Island, Truong Sa Island 423:Sin Cowe Island, Sinh Ton Island 373: 344: 270: 221: 167: 143: 36: 8367:West Philippine Sea designation 7954: 7939: 7918: 7889: 7873:. November 2002. Archived from 7819: 7793: 7767: 7741: 7713: 7687: 7661: 7634: 7603: 7577: 7545: 7532: 7475: 7447: 7416: 7388: 7362: 7343: 7302: 7281: 7255:Guinto, Joel (March 17, 2008). 7248: 7231: 7212: 7173: 7154: 7135: 7117: 7081: 7059: 7047:Beech, Hannah (July 11, 2016). 7040: 7022: 7004: 6979: 6939: 6892:Romero, Alexis (May 30, 2018). 6885: 6852: 6819: 6791: 6763: 6735: 6707: 6681: 6665:. March 8, 2008. Archived from 6649: 6580: 6456: 6430: 6406: 6369: 6341: 6267:Bondoc, Jarius (July 6, 2005). 6203:Burgonio, TJ (March 10, 2008). 6137: 6090: 6072: 6056: 6040: 5993: 5971:"Aquino's Spratly Islands Call" 5932: 5887: 5860: 5842: 5826:Paez, Patrick (June 12, 2024). 5651: 5626: 5596: 5213:Arrests of Vietnamese fishermen 4763:Many of the war games involved 4668:, a local TV network, entitled 4377:Vietnam Oil and Gas Corporation 4165:. Twice since 1998, it planted 4068:Panganiban Reef (Mischief Reef) 4054:became interested in the area. 3982:officials, headed by President 3198:Sand dune, with fringing reef. 202:Johnson South Reef, Chigua Reef 8445:History of the Spratly Islands 8292:Google Maps of Spratly Islands 7180:Chow, Jermyn (July 12, 2016). 6657:"Editorial: Slithering policy" 5799:Mateo, Janvic (June 7, 2024). 5562: 5541: 5460: 5441: 4944:Department of National Defense 4900:, they are proposing making a 4574:Permanent Court of Arbitration 3900: 1926:Above water only at low tide. 1913:Above water only at low tide. 364:Itu Aba Island, Taiping Island 335:West York Island, Likas Island 256:Mariveles Reef, Mantanani Reef 187:Fiery Cross Reef, Yongshu Reef 76:History of the Spratly Islands 1: 7142:Perez, Jane (July 12, 2016). 6530:"Arroyo hit on Spratlys deal" 6376:Magno, Alex (July 27, 1999). 5344: 4459:before it could take effect. 4445:Department of Foreign Affairs 4211:is the main aggressor in the 4205:University of the Philippines 4006:By the end of the 1970s, the 3746:). Two small islands, Patag ( 413:Namyit Island, Nam Yet Island 116:Southwest Cay incident (1975) 100:Free Territory of Freedomland 6798:Sy, Marvin (March 9, 2008). 5920: 5637:. Kluwer Law International. 5134:Arrests of Chinese fishermen 5039:machine, and a dining area. 4949:Department of Transportation 4737:Exercises have been part of 4540:baselines of the Philippines 4279:—are more supportive to the 4014:, are still occupied by the 4002:Expansion of other claimants 3461:Erica Reef / Enloa Reef 1306:Investigator Northeast Shoal 967:west coast). There are many 457:Northeast Investigator Shoal 320:Northeast Cay, Parola Island 315:Nanshan Island, Lawak Island 182:Cuarteron Reef, Huayang Reef 7: 8044:"SC 38 – Malampaya Project" 7610:VR/Sunnex (June 26, 2006). 6594:Far Eastern Economic Review 6494:"PNOC: JMSU area all in RP" 6000:Ji Guoxing (October 1995). 5306: 5279:People's Republic of China 5252:Republic of China (Taiwan) 4807:Panatag (Scarborough) Shoal 4625:, the marines stationed at 4392:Far Eastern Economic Review 4137:Rizal Reef (Commodore Reef) 3170:area is about 12 hectares. 3166:Sin Cowe East Island.) Its 1819:Not occupied by any country 943:are closely guarded by the 594: 582:Republic of the Philippines 547:conditions to do so are met 388:Amboyna Cay, An Bang Island 330:Thitu Island, Pagasa Island 10: 8466: 8450:History of the Philippines 8412:Miangas / Island of Palmas 8110:February 29, 2012, at the 7487:China News Digest – Global 5944:www.officialgazette.gov.ph 4963:National Power Corporation 4745:Operation Enduring Freedom 4660:A documentary produced by 4553: 3536: 3308:Part of North Danger Reef. 3035: / Johnson North Reef 2805:Part of North Danger Reef. 1946:Part of Southampton Reefs. 1928:Part of Southampton Reefs. 1811:Being claimed by Malaysia 864:is a famous Filipino poet 598: 359:Centre Cay, Zhongzhou Reef 310:Loaita Island, Kota Island 300:Lankiam Cay, Panata Island 295:Irving Reef, Balagtas Reef 285:Commodore Reef, Rizal Reef 8404: 8338: 7833:Philippine Daily Inquirer 7401:Philippine Daily Inquirer 7335:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 7262:Philippine Daily Inquirer 6991:November 2, 2013, at the 6866:Philippine Daily Inquirer 6833:Philippine Daily Inquirer 6662:Philippine Daily Inquirer 6630:Philippine Daily Inquirer 6535:Philippine Daily Inquirer 6499:Philippine Daily Inquirer 6210:Philippine Daily Inquirer 6183:Philippine Daily Inquirer 6156:Philippine Daily Inquirer 5660:China Sea pilot, Volume 1 4954:As of May 2021, the 4074:for further discussion). 3891: 3827: 3791: 3786: 3692:Notice to the Whole World 3625:1900 Treaty of Washington 2934: / Lizzie Weber Reef 1976: 1824: 937: 821: 643: 398:Collins Reef, Co Lin Reef 290:Flat Island, Patag Island 207:Mischief Reef, Meiji Reef 197:Hughes Reef, Dongmen Reef 7945:C. Michael Hogan (2011) 7460:Kyodo News International 7225:South China Morning Post 6333:October 3, 2011, at the 5524:The Lighthouse Directory 4849:Municipality of Kalayaan 4650:President Chen Shui-bian 4550:2016 PCA Tribunal ruling 4424:House of Representatives 3664:, owner of a Philippine 3660:began in May 1956, when 3652:Municipality of Kalayaan 3592:(referred in the map as 1245:10.135528°N 116.137861°E 615:disputed Spratly Islands 120:East Sea Campaign (1975) 8268:and Clive H.Schofield. 5940:"The 1935 Constitution" 5871:. The Philippine Star. 5803:. The Philippine Star. 5608:History of the Spratlys 5457:. Retrieved 2016-03-02. 5334:Spratly Islands dispute 5226:Map showing possessions 4970:Other islands and reefs 4586:exclusive economic zone 4521:Activities and policies 4231:that the sea where the 3754:), were also occupied. 1454:Pennsylvania South Reef 1413:Pennsylvania North Reef 1000:Amy Douglas Bank / Reef 885:Leiopotherapon plumbeus 808:0.44 ha. (16th largest) 789:0.53 ha. (15th largest) 770:0.57 ha. (14th largest) 748:6.45 ha. (10th largest) 707:12.7 ha. (5th largest) 681:18.6 ha. (3rd largest) 659:37.2 ha. (2nd largest) 418:Sand Cay, Son Ca Island 236:Ardasier Reef, Ubi Reef 56:Spratly Islands dispute 24:Part of a series on the 8128:"Seeking a sea change" 7720:Yumol, David Tristan. 7696:"A 'Historic' Landing" 7356:March 6, 2008, at the 7238:"Bantay ng Kalayaan". 7069:. PCA. August 27, 2013 6743:"EDITORIAL: A sellout" 6694:ABS-CBN News/Newsbreak 6567:ABS-CBN News/Newsbreak 6419:June 12, 2011, at the 6378:"Naval Power sets off" 6307:"The Trip To Kalayaan" 6028:Cite journal requires 5453:March 6, 2016, at the 5303: 5074: 5014:living on the island. 4961:On June 12, 2021, The 4956:Philippine Coast Guard 4730: 4723: 4657: 4535: 4500:Philippine Coast Guard 4416: 4402: 3904:, is an island in the 3880: 3872: 3787:Southwest Cay Invasion 3780:Southwest Cay invasion 3673: 3600:and again in the 1875 3566: 3552: 2285:10.21333°N 114.21917°E 2166:Northwest Investigator 2059:10.37500°N 114.36667°E 1991:Occupied by & Name 945:Philippine Coast Guard 729:7.93 ha. (8th largest) 610: 246:Erica Reef, Siput Reef 241:Dallas Reef, Laya Reef 8392:Philippine activities 8194:Manila Standard Today 7519:Manila Standard Today 6151:"Spratlys on my mind" 6119:Newsbreak Philippines 5856:on February 16, 2023. 5830:. The Philippine Star 5721:. The Philippine Star 5504:June 5, 2016, at the 5233: 5129:Fisheries enforcement 5072: 4942:On June 9, 2020, the 4841:Pagasa (Thitu) Island 4780:mutual defense treaty 4722: 4717: 4636: 4533: 4406: 4396: 4318:In November 2002 the 3958:, were allies in the 3912:. It was occupied by 3718:Philippine occupation 3558: 3544: 3371:Occupied since 1983. 3364:Terumbu Layang Layang 3253:Part of Tizard Banks. 3062:Cornwallis South Reef 2683:Part of Tizard Banks. 2654:Part of Tizard Banks. 2299:Part of Tizard Banks. 2132:8.88333°N 112.85139°E 2085:claimed the islands. 2073:Part of Tizard Banks. 1250:10.135528; 116.137861 1073:Director Shoal / Reef 1011:. Awash at low tide. 608: 212:Subi Reef, Zhubi Reef 8372:PCA arbitration case 8134:on February 17, 2008 7935:on December 3, 2013. 7668:Sadongdong, Martin. 7649:on February 13, 2003 7515:"Promise of Pag-asa" 7435:on December 23, 2012 7423:Chin, Larry (2003). 6444:on December 13, 2012 5179:Puerto Princesa City 4988:A proposal to build 4937:Puerto Princesa City 4882:Philippine Air Force 4747:and the U.S. Global 4615:Smart Communications 4556:Philippines v. China 4438:Another puzzle some 4179:Philippine Air Force 3988:Magandang Gabi Bayan 3954:, together with the 3863:, also known in the 3621:1898 Treaty of Paris 3609:Spanish-American War 3594:Los Bajos de Paragua 3546:Los Bajos de Paragua 3200:Part of Union Banks. 3172:Part of Union Banks. 3087:Discovery Great Reef 3054:Part of Union Banks. 2949:(Barque Canada Reef) 2816: / Storm Island 2743:Part of Union Banks. 2497:West of Thitu Reefs. 2364:Part of Union Banks. 1962:Part of Loaita Bank. 1906:Discovery Small Reef 1805:Royal Charlotte Reef 1642:Southern Bank / Reef 393:Bombay Castle, Ba Ke 133:Military occupations 8328:Territories claimed 8225:The Philippine Star 8200:on October 28, 2007 7877:on October 19, 2006 7565:on February 1, 2008 7489:. November 15, 1997 7463:. November 23, 1999 7404:. February 24, 2004 7349:Further reading on 6986:"Republic Act 9522" 6394:on January 25, 2001 6355:The Philippine Star 6312:The Philippine Star 6163:on February 5, 2009 5766:Carpio, Antonio T. 5740:Carpio, Antonio T. 5577:nlc.maps.arcgis.com 5556:nlc.maps.arcgis.com 5005:satellite telephone 4773:secessionist groups 4710:Balikatan exercises 4109:'s Pigeon Reef and 4042:, along with other 3683:'Freedom'. 3410: / 3260:Pigeon Reef / 3001:Central London Reef 2974: / 2955:(Lizzie Weber Reef) 2906: / 2847: / 2784: / 2723: / 2606: / 2562:SE of Mischief Reef 2544: / 2483:10.9133°N 114.062°E 2479: / 2413: / 2350:9.71389°N 114.286°E 2346: / 2290:10.21333; 114.21917 2281: / 2258:Xinan or Duolu Jiao 2220:West of Union Banks 2202: / 2128: / 2064:10.37500; 114.36667 2055: / 1973: 1960:Awash at low tide. 1941:(SW part) Bonifacio 1883: / 1821: 1777: / 1711: / 1663: / 1621: / 1563: / 1513:Royal Captain Shoal 1474: / 1433: / 1400:Northeast Shea Reef 1376:Lord Auckland Shoal 1341: / 1284: / 1241: / 1178: / 1136: / 1094: / 1038: / 934: 919:Unoccupied features 873:Second Thomas Shoal 846:of the Philippines 795:is a Filipino hero 534:of this article is 462:Royal Captain Shoal 408:Ladd Reef, Lat Reef 88:Vietnamese DK1 rigs 7906:on August 20, 2016 7591:on January 1, 2008 7375:BBC Online Network 7148:The New York Times 7011:"UNCLOS Part VIII" 6470:on October 9, 2011 6281:on January 4, 2013 6149:(March 13, 2008). 6147:Doyo, Ma. Ceres P. 5321:Philippines portal 5304: 5075: 5044:Philippine Marines 4888:and even the huge 4771:with Philippines' 4765:amphibious assault 4731: 4727:amphibious assault 4724: 4670:Bantay ng Kalayaan 4658: 4536: 4418:This prompted the 4351:) is a tripartite 4223:'s actions in the 4219:to be watchful of 4115:Investigator Shoal 3567: 3553: 3486:Investigator Shoal 3013:Đảo Trường Sa Đông 2932:Barque Canada Reef 2788:11.467°N 114.350°E 2509:First Thomas Shoal 2311:Johnson South Reef 2256:(Northern reef) / 2137:8.88333; 112.85139 1969: 1817: 1715:11.150°N 117.233°E 1667:10.500°N 116.667°E 1567:11.050°N 117.633°E 1478:10.350°N 116.567°E 1437:10.800°N 116.850°E 1345:10.650°N 116.167°E 1288:10.867°N 116.250°E 959:west coast (note: 923: 862:Francisco Balagtas 611: 72:Great Wall of Sand 8427: 8426: 8377:Scarborough Shoal 8280:978-1-897643-23-5 8266:Dzurek, Daniel J. 8079:on April 16, 2014 8050:on March 19, 2008 7968:on March 19, 2008 7896:Raman, B (1999). 7840:on March 17, 2008 7315:Asia Times Online 7269:on March 18, 2008 7187:The Straits Times 6840:on March 10, 2008 6328:View scanned page 5981:on April 15, 2019 5695:. Manila Bulletin 5614:on March 21, 2014 5329:Kalayaan, Palawan 5206:Environmentalists 5168:Scarborough Shoal 4876:, a 1.26 km 4642:editorial cartoon 4592:Guarding activity 4544:Scarborough Shoal 4526:Republic Act 9522 4420:Philippine Senate 4333:Scarborough Shoal 4207:pointed out that 4151:(see map below). 3979:launch a campaign 3925:North Danger Reef 3916:up to 1975, when 3914:Philippine forces 3906:North Danger Reef 3867:as Pugad Island ( 3858: 3857: 3823: 3822: 3682: 3582:Scarborough Shoal 3534: 3533: 3524:Terumbu Mantanani 3414:7.633°N 113.933°E 3180:Lan(d)sdowne Reef 3156:Đảo Sinh Tồn Đông 2978:8.167°N 113.300°E 2910:8.850°N 114.000°E 2851:8.633°N 114.417°E 2727:9.867°N 114.317°E 2610:7.850°N 112.917°E 2548:9.317°N 115.950°E 2444:Subi (Zhubi) Reef 2417:9.917°N 115.533°E 2206:9.617°N 112.967°E 1967: 1966: 1939:(NE part) Jacinto 1887:9.417°N 115.433°E 1862:Alicia Annie Reef 1815: 1814: 1781:7.833°N 115.000°E 1744:Viper North Shoal 1625:8.400°N 112.950°E 1182:8.467°N 115.500°E 1140:9.383°N 114.183°E 1098:8.500°N 115.917°E 1042:9.433°N 116.917°E 1004:Mahiwagang Diwata 961:Scarborough Shoal 892: 891: 888:, a fish species 840:Dr. José P. Rizal 575: 574: 567: 514: 513: 8457: 8321: 8314: 8307: 8298: 8297: 8249: 8242: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8231: 8216: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8196:. Archived from 8185: 8179: 8172: 8166: 8165: 8163: 8161: 8150: 8144: 8143: 8141: 8139: 8124: 8115: 8114:on 20112-02-29). 8095: 8089: 8088: 8086: 8084: 8075:. Archived from 8069: 8060: 8059: 8057: 8055: 8046:. Archived from 8040: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8026: 8011: 8002: 8001: 7999: 7997: 7987: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7973: 7964:. Archived from 7958: 7952: 7943: 7937: 7936: 7922: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7911: 7893: 7887: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7863: 7850: 7849: 7847: 7845: 7836:. Archived from 7823: 7817: 7816: 7814: 7812: 7797: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7771: 7765: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7745: 7739: 7738: 7736: 7734: 7717: 7711: 7710: 7708: 7706: 7691: 7685: 7684: 7682: 7680: 7665: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7654: 7638: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7627: 7622:on March 7, 2008 7618:. Archived from 7607: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7596: 7587:. Archived from 7581: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7549: 7543: 7536: 7530: 7529: 7527: 7525: 7510: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7479: 7473: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7451: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7440: 7431:. Archived from 7420: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7392: 7386: 7385: 7383: 7381: 7366: 7360: 7347: 7341: 7340: 7334: 7326: 7324: 7322: 7306: 7300: 7299: 7297: 7295: 7285: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7274: 7265:. Archived from 7252: 7246: 7245: 7235: 7229: 7228: 7216: 7210: 7209: 7208:. July 12, 2016. 7198: 7192: 7191: 7177: 7171: 7170: 7158: 7152: 7151: 7139: 7133: 7132: 7131:. July 12, 2016. 7121: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7110: 7105:on July 12, 2016 7104: 7097: 7085: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7074: 7063: 7057: 7056: 7044: 7038: 7037: 7036:. July 12, 2016. 7026: 7020: 7008: 7002: 6983: 6977: 6971: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6960: 6943: 6937: 6936: 6934: 6932: 6916: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6889: 6883: 6882: 6880: 6878: 6873:on April 2, 2009 6869:. Archived from 6856: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6836:. Archived from 6823: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6795: 6789: 6788: 6786: 6784: 6767: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6739: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6723:. March 15, 2008 6711: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6685: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6674: 6669:on April 2, 2009 6653: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6637:on April 2, 2009 6633:. Archived from 6620: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6584: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6558: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6542:on April 2, 2009 6538:. Archived from 6525: 6516: 6515: 6513: 6511: 6506:on April 9, 2008 6502:. Archived from 6489: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6460: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6434: 6428: 6423:for the text of 6410: 6404: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6373: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6345: 6339: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6302: 6291: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6277:. Archived from 6264: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6217:on April 2, 2009 6213:. Archived from 6199: 6197: 6195: 6190:on April 2, 2009 6186:. Archived from 6172: 6170: 6168: 6159:. Archived from 6141: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6130: 6125:on July 23, 2011 6121:. Archived from 6115:"Making a Claim" 6110: 6104: 6094: 6088: 6087: 6076: 6070: 6060: 6054: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6031: 6026: 6024: 6016: 6014: 6012: 6006: 5997: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5986: 5977:. Archived from 5966: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5955: 5936: 5930: 5929: 5918: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5907: 5891: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5880: 5864: 5858: 5857: 5852:. Archived from 5846: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5835: 5823: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5812: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5779: 5772: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5746: 5737: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5714: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5688: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5655: 5649: 5648: 5630: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5600: 5594: 5587: 5581: 5580: 5566: 5560: 5559: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5515: 5509: 5495: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5479:on March 4, 2016 5475:. Archived from 5464: 5458: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5424: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5405:on July 17, 2007 5401:. Archived from 5391: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5369: 5363:. Archived from 5362: 5354: 5323: 5318: 5317: 5316: 5278: 5277: 5269: 5268: 5260: 5259: 5251: 5250: 5242: 5241: 5116: 5088: 5033:BRP Sierra Madre 4977:land reclamation 4749:War on Terrorism 4672:(lit. Guards of 4627:BRP Sierra Madre 4619:BRP Sierra Madre 4603:observation post 4599:BRP Sierra Madre 4339:JMSU controversy 4299:claim. However, 4295:claims than the 4128:BRP Sierra Madre 3984:Ferdinand Marcos 3902: 3893: 3851: 3850: 3839: 3838: 3793: 3792: 3784: 3783: 3772:) and Balagtas ( 3759:Ferdinand Marcos 3728:West York Island 3677: 3523: 3522: 3498:Terumbu Peninjau 3497: 3496: 3472: 3471: 3447: 3446: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3421: 3420: 3415: 3411: 3408: 3407: 3406: 3403: 3389: 3388: 3363: 3362: 3331:Kanlurang Quezon 3327: 3326: 3316:West London Reef 3298: 3297: 3273: 3272: 3244: 3243: 3219: 3218: 3191: 3190: 3155: 3154: 3127:Silangang Quezon 3123: 3122: 3112:East London Reef 3098: 3097: 3073: 3072: 3045: 3044: 3012: 3011: 2989: 2988: 2986: 2985: 2984: 2979: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2970: 2967: 2944: 2943: 2921: 2920: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2911: 2907: 2904: 2903: 2902: 2899: 2885: 2884: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2858: 2857: 2852: 2848: 2845: 2844: 2843: 2840: 2826: 2825: 2799: 2798: 2796: 2795: 2794: 2789: 2785: 2782: 2781: 2780: 2777: 2763: 2762: 2738: 2737: 2735: 2734: 2733: 2728: 2724: 2721: 2720: 2719: 2716: 2702: 2701: 2673: 2672: 2644: 2643: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2617: 2616: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2602: 2599: 2585: 2584: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2549: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2540: 2537: 2524: 2519: 2518: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2488:10.9133; 114.062 2484: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2475: 2472: 2459: 2455: 2454: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2424: 2423: 2418: 2414: 2411: 2410: 2409: 2406: 2393: 2388: 2387: 2361: 2360: 2358: 2357: 2356: 2355:9.71389; 114.286 2351: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2342: 2339: 2326: 2322: 2321: 2296: 2295: 2293: 2292: 2291: 2286: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2277: 2274: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2217: 2216: 2214: 2213: 2212: 2207: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2198: 2195: 2182: 2178: 2177: 2167: 2162:Fiery Cross Reef 2143: 2142: 2140: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2121: 2108: 2104: 2103: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2066: 2065: 2060: 2056: 2053: 2052: 2051: 2048: 2035: 2031: 2030: 2021: 2003: 2002: 1996:Philippine Name 1974: 1968: 1898: 1897: 1895: 1894: 1893: 1888: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1879: 1876: 1849: 1848: 1822: 1816: 1792: 1791: 1789: 1788: 1787: 1782: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1773: 1770: 1726: 1725: 1723: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1678: 1677: 1675: 1674: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1659: 1656: 1636: 1635: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1578: 1577: 1575: 1574: 1573: 1568: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1489: 1488: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1479: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1467: 1448: 1447: 1445: 1444: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1426: 1356: 1355: 1353: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1334: 1299: 1298: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1289: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1277: 1256: 1255: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1246: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1234: 1193: 1192: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1151: 1150: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1141: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1132: 1129: 1109: 1108: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1099: 1095: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1053: 1052: 1050: 1049: 1048: 1043: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1031: 935: 930: 929: 922: 677:West York Island 630:Philippine name 627: 626: 570: 563: 559: 556: 550: 524: 523: 516: 506: 499: 492: 378: 377: 349: 348: 276:Occupied by the 275: 274: 226: 225: 172: 171: 148: 147: 48:Related articles 40: 21: 20: 8465: 8464: 8460: 8459: 8458: 8456: 8455: 8454: 8430: 8429: 8428: 8423: 8400: 8382:Spratly Islands 8362:South China Sea 8334: 8325: 8288: 8257: 8255:Further reading 8252: 8243: 8239: 8229: 8227: 8217: 8213: 8203: 8201: 8186: 8182: 8173: 8169: 8159: 8157: 8152: 8151: 8147: 8137: 8135: 8126: 8125: 8118: 8112:Wayback Machine 8096: 8092: 8082: 8080: 8071: 8070: 8063: 8053: 8051: 8042: 8041: 8034: 8024: 8022: 8021:. March 7, 2003 8013: 8012: 8005: 7995: 7993: 7989: 7988: 7981: 7971: 7969: 7960: 7959: 7955: 7948:South China Sea 7944: 7940: 7923: 7919: 7909: 7907: 7894: 7890: 7880: 7878: 7865: 7864: 7853: 7843: 7841: 7824: 7820: 7810: 7808: 7798: 7794: 7784: 7782: 7772: 7768: 7758: 7756: 7746: 7742: 7732: 7730: 7727:CNN Philippines 7718: 7714: 7704: 7702: 7692: 7688: 7678: 7676: 7674:Manila Bulletin 7666: 7662: 7652: 7650: 7639: 7635: 7625: 7623: 7616:Sun.Star Manila 7608: 7604: 7594: 7592: 7585:"LAYANG-LAYANG" 7583: 7582: 7578: 7568: 7566: 7551: 7550: 7546: 7537: 7533: 7523: 7521: 7511: 7502: 7492: 7490: 7481: 7480: 7476: 7466: 7464: 7453: 7452: 7448: 7438: 7436: 7421: 7417: 7407: 7405: 7394: 7393: 7389: 7379: 7377: 7367: 7363: 7358:Wayback Machine 7348: 7344: 7328: 7327: 7320: 7318: 7307: 7303: 7293: 7291: 7287: 7286: 7282: 7272: 7270: 7253: 7249: 7237: 7236: 7232: 7217: 7213: 7200: 7199: 7195: 7178: 7174: 7159: 7155: 7140: 7136: 7123: 7122: 7118: 7108: 7106: 7102: 7095: 7087: 7086: 7082: 7072: 7070: 7065: 7064: 7060: 7045: 7041: 7034:Financial Times 7028: 7027: 7023: 7009: 7005: 6993:Wayback Machine 6984: 6980: 6972: 6968: 6958: 6956: 6944: 6940: 6930: 6928: 6917: 6913: 6903: 6901: 6890: 6886: 6876: 6874: 6857: 6853: 6843: 6841: 6824: 6820: 6810: 6808: 6805:Philippine Star 6796: 6792: 6782: 6780: 6777:Philippine Star 6768: 6764: 6754: 6752: 6751:. March 9, 2008 6748:Philippine Star 6741: 6740: 6736: 6726: 6724: 6720:Philippine Star 6713: 6712: 6708: 6698: 6696: 6686: 6682: 6672: 6670: 6655: 6654: 6650: 6640: 6638: 6621: 6610: 6600: 6598: 6585: 6581: 6571: 6569: 6559: 6555: 6545: 6543: 6526: 6519: 6509: 6507: 6490: 6483: 6473: 6471: 6462: 6461: 6457: 6447: 6445: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6421:Wayback Machine 6411: 6407: 6397: 6395: 6374: 6370: 6360: 6358: 6346: 6342: 6335:Wayback Machine 6318: 6316: 6303: 6294: 6284: 6282: 6274:Philippine Star 6265: 6254: 6242: 6240: 6220: 6218: 6193: 6191: 6166: 6164: 6142: 6138: 6128: 6126: 6111: 6107: 6095: 6091: 6078: 6077: 6073: 6061: 6057: 6045: 6041: 6029: 6027: 6018: 6017: 6010: 6008: 6004: 5998: 5994: 5984: 5982: 5967: 5963: 5953: 5951: 5938: 5937: 5933: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5905: 5903: 5892: 5888: 5878: 5876: 5865: 5861: 5848: 5847: 5843: 5833: 5831: 5824: 5820: 5810: 5808: 5797: 5793: 5783: 5781: 5777: 5770: 5764: 5760: 5750: 5748: 5744: 5738: 5734: 5724: 5722: 5715: 5708: 5698: 5696: 5689: 5680: 5670: 5668: 5657: 5656: 5652: 5645: 5631: 5627: 5617: 5615: 5602: 5601: 5597: 5588: 5584: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5532: 5530: 5516: 5512: 5506:Wayback Machine 5496: 5492: 5482: 5480: 5465: 5461: 5455:Wayback Machine 5446: 5442: 5432: 5430: 5426: 5425: 5418: 5408: 5406: 5393: 5392: 5383: 5373: 5371: 5370:on July 6, 2003 5367: 5360: 5356: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5319: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5280: 5272: 5271: 5263: 5262: 5254: 5253: 5245: 5244: 5236: 5235: 5228: 5215: 5159:illegal fishing 5144:illegal fishing 5136: 5131: 5123:Veritas Voyager 5114: 5086: 5083:Malampaya Field 5060: 5058:Oil exploration 4972: 4933:Puerto Princesa 4898:Philippine Navy 4837: 4818:Chinese Premier 4789: 4712: 4703:barangay tanods 4639:Philippine Star 4623:Philippine flag 4608:effectively see 4594: 4558: 4552: 4528: 4523: 4496: 4468:South China Sea 4341: 4329:Paracel Islands 4249:Chinese economy 4225:South China Sea 4213:Spratly dispute 4004: 3968:national anthem 3910:Spratly Islands 3881:Đảo Song Tử Tây 3845: 3833: 3811: 3782: 3720: 3688:South China Sea 3658:Spratly Islands 3654: 3646:Elpidio Quirino 3590:Spratly Islands 3539: 3517: 3491: 3476:Gabriela Silang 3466: 3441: 3426: 3418: 3416: 3412: 3409: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3396: 3383: 3357: 3321: 3292: 3267: 3238: 3213: 3185: 3149: 3117: 3092: 3067: 3039: 3006: 2990: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2973: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2960: 2953: 2952: 2945:Bãi Thuyền Chài 2938: 2922: 2914: 2912: 2908: 2905: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2892: 2879: 2863: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2846: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2833: 2820: 2800: 2793:11.467; 114.350 2792: 2790: 2786: 2783: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2770: 2764:Đảo Song Tử Tây 2757: 2739: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2722: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2709: 2696: 2691:Sin Cowe Island 2667: 2638: 2622: 2614: 2612: 2608: 2605: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2592: 2579: 2564: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2543: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2530: 2522: 2521: 2513: 2499: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2478: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2465: 2457: 2449: 2433: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2412: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2399: 2391: 2390: 2382: 2366: 2354: 2352: 2348: 2345: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2332: 2324: 2316: 2301: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2280: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2267: 2261:(Southern reef) 2260: 2257: 2253: 2245: 2230:South China Sea 2222: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2188: 2180: 2172: 2165: 2152: 2136: 2134: 2130: 2127: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2114: 2106: 2098: 2075: 2063: 2061: 2057: 2054: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2041: 2033: 2025: 2019: 1997: 1957:Rajah Lakandula 1940: 1899: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1882: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1869: 1850:Philippine Name 1843: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1763: 1720:11.150; 117.233 1719: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1697: 1679: 1672:10.500; 116.667 1671: 1669: 1665: 1662: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1649: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1620: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1607: 1593:Palawan Passage 1572:11.050; 117.633 1571: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1549: 1496:Reed Tablemount 1483:10.350; 116.567 1482: 1480: 1476: 1473: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1460: 1442:10.800; 116.850 1441: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1419: 1357: 1350:10.650; 116.167 1349: 1347: 1343: 1340: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1327: 1293:10.867; 116.250 1292: 1290: 1286: 1283: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1270: 1257: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1240: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1227: 1206:Half Moon Shoal 1194: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1165: 1164: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1135: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1122: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1093: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1081: 1080: 1054: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1037: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1025: 1024: 1009:Palawan Passage 988:Philippine Name 949:Philippine Navy 924: 921: 824: 793:Melchora Aquino 781:Melchora Aquino 735:means vastness 646: 619:South China Sea 603: 597: 586:Spratly Islands 571: 560: 554: 551: 540: 525: 521: 510: 481: 447:Half Moon Shoal 443: 442: 437: 384: 383: 372: 368: 355: 354: 343: 339: 281: 280: 269: 265: 232: 231: 220: 216: 178: 177: 166: 162: 154: 153: 142: 127: 122: 118: 103: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 43: 30:Spratly Islands 17: 12: 11: 5: 8463: 8453: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8425: 8424: 8422: 8421: 8420: 8419: 8408: 8406: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8398: 8397: 8396: 8395: 8394: 8389: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8359: 8358: 8357: 8342: 8340: 8336: 8335: 8324: 8323: 8316: 8309: 8301: 8295: 8294: 8287: 8286:External links 8284: 8283: 8282: 8274:. IBRU; 1996. 8263: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8250: 8237: 8211: 8180: 8167: 8145: 8116: 8090: 8061: 8032: 8003: 7979: 7953: 7938: 7917: 7888: 7869:(in Tagalog). 7851: 7818: 7792: 7766: 7740: 7712: 7700:BusinessMirror 7694:Acosta, Rene. 7686: 7660: 7633: 7602: 7576: 7544: 7531: 7500: 7474: 7446: 7429:Online Journal 7415: 7387: 7361: 7342: 7301: 7280: 7247: 7230: 7211: 7193: 7172: 7153: 7134: 7116: 7080: 7058: 7039: 7021: 7016:United Nations 7003: 6978: 6966: 6938: 6925:www.pna.gov.ph 6911: 6898:www.pna.gov.ph 6884: 6851: 6818: 6790: 6762: 6734: 6706: 6680: 6648: 6608: 6579: 6553: 6517: 6481: 6455: 6429: 6405: 6368: 6340: 6338: 6337: 6292: 6252: 6250: 6249: 6227: 6200: 6173: 6136: 6105: 6089: 6071: 6055: 6039: 6030:|journal= 5992: 5961: 5931: 5913: 5886: 5859: 5841: 5818: 5791: 5773:. p. 54. 5758: 5732: 5706: 5678: 5650: 5643: 5625: 5595: 5582: 5561: 5540: 5510: 5490: 5459: 5440: 5416: 5381: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5342: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5325: 5324: 5308: 5305: 5227: 5224: 5214: 5211: 5187:Zamboanga City 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5059: 5056: 5001:satellite dish 4971: 4968: 4836: 4835:Pag-asa Island 4833: 4788: 4787:Grounded ships 4785: 4769:jungle warfare 4711: 4708: 4654:Itu Aba Island 4593: 4590: 4582:Taiping Island 4562:nine-dash line 4554:Main article: 4551: 4548: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4495: 4494:Current status 4492: 4340: 4337: 4161:and closer to 4089:, causing the 4003: 4000: 3856: 3855: 3843: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3824: 3821: 3820: 3817: 3813: 3812: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3800: 3797: 3789: 3788: 3781: 3778: 3770:Commodore Reef 3750:) and Panata ( 3742:), and Pugad ( 3740:Nanshan Island 3719: 3716: 3666:fishing vessel 3653: 3650: 3629:United Kingdom 3538: 3535: 3532: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3515: 3512:Mariveles Reef 3507: 3506: 3502: 3499: 3489: 3481: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3464: 3456: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3439: 3431: 3430: 3419:7.633; 113.933 3394: 3391: 3381: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3365: 3355: 3343: 3342: 3332: 3329: 3319: 3311: 3310: 3303: 3300: 3290: 3282: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3265: 3256: 3255: 3249: 3246: 3236: 3228: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3211: 3203: 3202: 3196: 3193: 3183: 3175: 3174: 3160: 3157: 3147: 3139: 3138: 3128: 3125: 3115: 3107: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3090: 3082: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3065: 3057: 3056: 3050: 3047: 3037: 3028: 3027: 3017: 3016:Gitnang Quezon 3014: 3004: 2996: 2995: 2983:8.167; 113.300 2958: 2946: 2936: 2927: 2926: 2915:8.850; 114.000 2890: 2887: 2877: 2869: 2868: 2856:8.633; 114.417 2831: 2828: 2818: 2814:Spratly Island 2809: 2808: 2768: 2765: 2755: 2747: 2746: 2732:9.867; 114.317 2707: 2704: 2694: 2686: 2685: 2678: 2675: 2665: 2657: 2656: 2649: 2646: 2636: 2628: 2627: 2615:7.850; 112.917 2590: 2589:Datu Kalantiaw 2587: 2577: 2569: 2568: 2553:9.317; 115.950 2528: 2525: 2511: 2505: 2504: 2463: 2460: 2447: 2439: 2438: 2422:9.917; 115.533 2397: 2394: 2380: 2372: 2371: 2330: 2327: 2314: 2306: 2305: 2265: 2262: 2243: 2235: 2234: 2211:9.617; 112.967 2186: 2183: 2170: 2157: 2156: 2112: 2109: 2096: 2093:Cuarteron Reef 2088: 2087: 2039: 2036: 2023: 2016:Taiping Island 2011: 2010: 2005: 1993: 1988: 1982: 1981: 1965: 1964: 1958: 1955: 1949: 1948: 1942: 1937: 1931: 1930: 1924: 1921: 1915: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1902: 1901: 1892:9.417; 115.433 1867: 1864: 1858: 1857: 1852: 1840: 1834: 1833: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1801: 1800: 1794: 1793: 1786:7.833; 115.000 1761: 1758: 1752: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1740: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1728: 1727: 1695: 1692: 1686: 1685: 1647: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1630:8.400; 112.950 1605: 1602: 1596: 1595: 1591:Lies north of 1589: 1588:Baybayin Dagat 1586: 1580: 1579: 1547: 1544: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1523: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1500: 1491: 1490: 1458: 1456: 1450: 1449: 1417: 1415: 1409: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1396: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1384: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1360: 1359: 1325: 1322: 1316: 1315: 1312: 1311:Dalagang Bukid 1309: 1301: 1300: 1268: 1266: 1260: 1259: 1225: 1222: 1216: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1201: 1200: 1197:Commodore Reef 1187:8.467; 115.500 1162: 1159: 1153: 1152: 1145:9.383; 114.183 1120: 1117: 1111: 1110: 1103:8.500; 115.917 1078: 1075: 1069: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061:Carnatic Shoal 1057: 1056: 1047:9.433; 116.917 1022: 1021:Rajah Sulayman 1019: 1013: 1012: 1007:Lies north of 1005: 1002: 996: 995: 990: 985: 979: 978: 941:116°E meridian 920: 917: 909: 908: 905: 902: 899: 890: 889: 877: 875: 870: 866: 865: 859: 857: 852: 848: 847: 837: 835: 833:Commodore Reef 830: 826: 825: 822: 819: 818: 809: 806: 801: 797: 796: 790: 787: 782: 778: 777: 771: 768: 763: 759: 758: 749: 746: 741: 737: 736: 730: 727: 725:Nanshan Island 722: 718: 717: 708: 705: 700: 696: 695: 682: 679: 674: 670: 669: 660: 657: 652: 648: 647: 644: 641: 640: 637: 634: 631: 599:Main article: 596: 593: 573: 572: 528: 526: 519: 512: 511: 509: 508: 501: 494: 486: 483: 482: 480: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 452:Luconia Shoals 449: 440: 439: 438: 436: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 371: 370: 369: 367: 366: 361: 342: 341: 340: 338: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 268: 267: 266: 264: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 219: 218: 217: 215: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 165: 164: 163: 161: 160: 141: 140: 139: 136: 135: 129: 128: 113: 110: 109: 108:Confrontations 105: 104: 53: 50: 49: 45: 44: 41: 33: 32: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8462: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8437: 8435: 8418: 8415: 8414: 8413: 8410: 8409: 8407: 8403: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8384: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8364: 8363: 8360: 8356: 8353: 8352: 8351: 8347: 8344: 8343: 8341: 8337: 8333: 8329: 8322: 8317: 8315: 8310: 8308: 8303: 8302: 8299: 8293: 8290: 8289: 8281: 8277: 8273: 8272: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8247: 8241: 8226: 8222: 8215: 8199: 8195: 8191: 8184: 8177: 8171: 8155: 8149: 8133: 8129: 8123: 8121: 8113: 8109: 8106: 8102: 8099: 8094: 8078: 8074: 8068: 8066: 8049: 8045: 8039: 8037: 8020: 8016: 8010: 8008: 7992: 7986: 7984: 7967: 7963: 7957: 7951: 7949: 7942: 7934: 7930: 7929: 7921: 7905: 7901: 7900: 7892: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7862: 7860: 7858: 7856: 7839: 7835: 7834: 7829: 7822: 7807: 7803: 7796: 7781: 7777: 7770: 7755: 7751: 7744: 7729: 7728: 7723: 7716: 7701: 7697: 7690: 7675: 7671: 7664: 7648: 7644: 7637: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7606: 7590: 7586: 7580: 7564: 7560: 7559: 7554: 7548: 7541: 7535: 7520: 7516: 7509: 7507: 7505: 7488: 7484: 7478: 7462: 7461: 7456: 7450: 7434: 7430: 7426: 7419: 7403: 7402: 7397: 7391: 7376: 7372: 7365: 7359: 7355: 7352: 7346: 7338: 7332: 7316: 7312: 7305: 7290: 7284: 7268: 7264: 7263: 7258: 7251: 7243: 7242: 7234: 7226: 7222: 7215: 7207: 7203: 7197: 7189: 7188: 7183: 7176: 7168: 7164: 7157: 7149: 7145: 7138: 7130: 7129:The Economist 7126: 7120: 7101: 7094: 7092: 7084: 7068: 7062: 7054: 7050: 7043: 7035: 7031: 7025: 7018: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7000: 6999: 6994: 6990: 6987: 6982: 6975: 6970: 6955: 6954: 6953:BusinessWorld 6949: 6942: 6926: 6922: 6915: 6899: 6895: 6888: 6872: 6868: 6867: 6862: 6855: 6839: 6835: 6834: 6829: 6822: 6807: 6806: 6801: 6794: 6779: 6778: 6773: 6766: 6750: 6749: 6744: 6738: 6722: 6721: 6716: 6710: 6695: 6691: 6684: 6668: 6664: 6663: 6658: 6652: 6636: 6632: 6631: 6626: 6619: 6617: 6615: 6613: 6596: 6595: 6590: 6583: 6568: 6564: 6557: 6541: 6537: 6536: 6531: 6524: 6522: 6505: 6501: 6500: 6495: 6488: 6486: 6469: 6465: 6459: 6443: 6439: 6433: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6415: 6409: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6384: 6379: 6372: 6357: 6356: 6351: 6344: 6336: 6332: 6329: 6326: 6325: 6314: 6313: 6308: 6301: 6299: 6297: 6280: 6276: 6275: 6270: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6239: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6216: 6212: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6189: 6185: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6162: 6158: 6157: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6143: 6140: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6109: 6102: 6098: 6093: 6085: 6081: 6075: 6068: 6064: 6059: 6052: 6048: 6043: 6035: 6022: 6003: 5996: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5965: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5935: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5901: 5897: 5890: 5874: 5870: 5863: 5855: 5851: 5845: 5829: 5822: 5806: 5802: 5795: 5776: 5769: 5762: 5743: 5736: 5720: 5713: 5711: 5694: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5666: 5662: 5661: 5654: 5646: 5640: 5636: 5629: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5599: 5592: 5586: 5578: 5574: 5570:redirects to 5569: 5565: 5557: 5553: 5549:redirects to 5548: 5544: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5514: 5507: 5503: 5500: 5497:DJ Sta. Ana, 5494: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5463: 5456: 5452: 5449: 5444: 5429: 5423: 5421: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5366: 5359: 5353: 5349: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5322: 5311: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5285:Ban Than Reef 5276: 5267: 5258: 5249: 5240: 5232: 5223: 5221: 5210: 5207: 5202: 5198: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5175: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5160: 5156: 5151: 5147: 5145: 5141: 5126: 5124: 5118: 5110: 5107: 5102: 5100: 5096: 5095:ChevronTexaco 5091: 5084: 5080: 5071: 5067: 5066:exploration. 5063: 5055: 5051: 5049: 5045: 5040: 5038: 5034: 5028: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5013: 5008: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4993: 4991: 4986: 4983: 4978: 4967: 4964: 4959: 4957: 4952: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4920: 4918: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4894: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4865: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4832: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4819: 4815: 4810: 4808: 4804: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4784: 4781: 4776: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4761: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4741: 4736: 4728: 4721: 4716: 4707: 4704: 4698: 4695: 4691: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4640: 4635: 4631: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4611: 4609: 4604: 4600: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4547: 4545: 4541: 4532: 4518: 4516: 4511: 4509: 4503: 4501: 4498:On 2018, the 4491: 4487: 4484: 4480: 4475: 4471: 4469: 4465: 4460: 4458: 4454: 4448: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4405: 4401: 4400: 4395: 4393: 4389: 4384: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4336: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4233:Spratly group 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4159:Mischief Reef 4156: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4143:can give the 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4129: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4099:Mischief Reef 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4075: 4073: 4072:Mischief Reef 4070:in 1995 (See 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4012:Southwest Cay 4009: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3990:TV program. ( 3989: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3973: 3970:. Philippine 3969: 3963: 3961: 3957: 3956:United States 3953: 3952:South Vietnam 3949: 3945: 3944:Northeast Cay 3941: 3940:Southwest Cay 3936: 3934: 3930: 3929:Northeast Cay 3926: 3921: 3919: 3918:South Vietnam 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3897: 3889: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3873:Pulo ng Pugad 3870: 3866: 3862: 3861:Southwest Cay 3854: 3853:South Vietnam 3849: 3844: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3831: 3826: 3818: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3809:Southwest Cay 3806: 3803: 3802: 3798: 3795: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3762: 3760: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3744:Southwest Cay 3741: 3737: 3736:Loaita Island 3733: 3732:Northeast Cay 3729: 3725: 3715: 3712: 3707: 3705: 3704:Carlos Garcia 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3684: 3680: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3649: 3647: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3617:United States 3614: 3610: 3605: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3557: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3529: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3508: 3503: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3488: 3487: 3483: 3482: 3478: 3475: 3473:Terumbu Siput 3470: 3465: 3463: 3462: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3451:Rajah Matanda 3450: 3445: 3440: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3432: 3429: 3423: 3395: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3380: 3379: 3378:Ardasier Reef 3375: 3374: 3369: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3354: 3353: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3333: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3312: 3309: 3304: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3283: 3279: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3264: 3263: 3258: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3222: 3220:Đảo Phan Vinh 3217: 3212: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3182: 3181: 3177: 3176: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3159:Julian Felipe 3158: 3153: 3148: 3146: 3145: 3144:Grierson Reef 3141: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3129: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3064: 3063: 3059: 3058: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3030: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3018: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3003: 3002: 2998: 2997: 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The 4016:Philippines 4008:Philippines 3960:Vietnam War 3948:Philippines 3865:Philippines 3841:Philippines 3774:Irving Reef 3752:Lankiam Cay 3748:Flat Island 3662:Tomas Cloma 3613:Philippines 3578:Velarde map 3574:Philippines 3436:Dallas Reef 3417: / 3390:Terumbu Ubi 3277:Lopez-Jaena 3233:Petley Reef 2981: / 2913: / 2874:Alison Reef 2854: / 2791: / 2730: / 2652:since 1975. 2645:Đảo Nam Yết 2613: / 2586:Đảo An Bang 2574:Amboyna Cay 2551: / 2486: / 2474:114°03′43″E 2420: / 2353: / 2341:114°17′10″E 2325:Chigua Jiao 2288: / 2254:Nanxun Jiao 2240:Gaven Reefs 2209: / 2135: / 2123:112°51′05″E 2083:Tomas Cloma 2062: / 2034:Tàipíng Dǎo 2008:Description 1935:Livock Reef 1910:Burgos Reef 1890: / 1855:Description 1784: / 1756:Viper Shoal 1718: / 1670: / 1628: / 1604:Panday Pira 1570: / 1542:Sandy Shoal 1481: / 1440: / 1364:Leslie Bank 1348: / 1291: / 1248: / 1185: / 1143: / 1115:Ganges Reef 1101: / 1045: / 1017:Boxall Reef 993:Description 855:Irving Reef 804:Lankiam Cay 776:means flat 766:Flat Island 633:Int'l name 278:Philippines 175:China (PRC) 8434:Categories 8246:web search 8176:web search 8019:GMANews.TV 7558:Reuters UK 6474:August 20, 5644:9041113819 5604:"Timeline" 5591:web search 5345:References 5106:concession 4906:coral base 4821:Zhu Rongji 4680:and a few 4678:M16 rifles 4644:depicting 4515:BRP Ivatan 4432:Malacañang 4285:Philippine 4281:Vietnamese 3972:Malacañang 3933:South Reef 3877:Vietnamese 3726:), Likas ( 3607:After the 3287:South Reef 3274:Đá Tiên Nữ 3245:Đá Núi Thị 3195:Pagkakaisa 3192:Đá Len Đao 2886:Đá Tốc Tan 2674:Đảo Sơn Ca 2523:Xinyi Jiao 2471:10°54′48″N 2396:Panganiban 2392:Meiji Jiao 2276:114°13′9″E 2273:10°12′48″N 2185:Kagitingan 2050:114°22′0″E 2047:10°22′30″N 1986:Int'l Name 1919:Hopps Reef 1838:Int'l Name 1600:Stag Shoal 1546:Mabuhangin 1233:10°8′7.9″N 1224:Sakay/Hubo 1220:Hardy Reef 983:Int'l Name 785:Loaita Cay 715:lighthouse 532:neutrality 441:Unoccupied 8204:March 20, 8083:March 15, 8054:March 15, 8025:March 15, 7996:March 15, 7972:March 15, 7844:March 19, 7595:March 20, 7569:March 14, 7542:Airfield. 7538:named as 7439:March 15, 7408:March 20, 7380:March 15, 7321:March 15, 7294:March 14, 7273:March 20, 7241:i-Witness 6877:March 15, 6727:March 20, 6510:March 19, 6383:TIME Asia 6285:March 20, 6243:March 20, 6221:March 20, 6194:March 20, 6167:March 14, 6011:August 1, 5618:March 21, 5270:Malaysia 5024:raindrops 5012:sea gulls 4870:deep well 4735:Balikatan 4662:i-Witness 4411:Malampaya 4388:Hong-Kong 4353:agreement 4289:Malaysian 4261:Indonesia 4257:Singapore 4201:TIME Asia 4081:occupied 4077:In 1999, 3901:Nánzi Dǎo 3738:, Lawak ( 3734:), Kota ( 3559:The 1734 3527:Mariveles 3248:Juan Luna 3074:Đá Núi Le 3046:Đá Cô Lin 2957:Mascarado 2951:Magsaysay 2458:Zhubi Dao 2338:9°42′50″N 2120:8°53′00″N 1748:Maya-maya 1646:Katimugan 1388:Lys Shoal 1380:Lapu-Lapu 1324:Del Pilar 1211:Hasa-hasa 1161:Aguinaldo 953:Air Force 543:talk page 8160:March 3, 8138:March 3, 8108:Archived 7881:March 5, 7811:June 14, 7785:June 14, 7626:March 9, 7524:March 9, 7493:March 1, 7467:March 3, 7354:Archived 7109:July 13, 7073:July 13, 6989:Archived 6844:March 9, 6811:March 9, 6783:March 9, 6755:March 9, 6699:March 9, 6673:March 9, 6641:March 9, 6601:March 9, 6572:March 9, 6546:March 9, 6417:Archived 6331:Archived 5948:Archived 5906:June 19, 5900:Archived 5879:June 19, 5873:Archived 5834:June 19, 5811:June 19, 5805:Archived 5784:June 19, 5775:Archived 5751:June 19, 5725:June 19, 5699:June 19, 5671:June 26, 5665:Archived 5502:Archived 5451:Archived 5307:See also 5261:Vietnam 5220:Zambales 5195:Zambales 5164:Sulu Sea 5140:Sulu Sea 5019:sandbars 4925:cottages 4902:causeway 4896:For the 4878:airstrip 4861:province 4845:barangay 4682:grenades 4674:Kalayaan 4293:Bruneian 4273:Thailand 4269:Cambodia 4255:nations— 4197:Malaysia 4111:Malaysia 4079:Malaysia 4040:Malaysia 3885:Mandarin 3804:Location 3674:Kalayaan 3634:Malaysia 3584:(called 3405:113°56′E 3352:/ Island 3348:Swallow 3336:Part of 3168:sand bar 3132:Part of 3021:Part of 2969:113°18′E 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4313:Vietnam 4297:Chinese 4277:Myanmar 4175:Palawan 4163:Palawan 4119:Palawan 4107:Vietnam 4103:Palawan 4066:is the 4048:Spratly 4036:Vietnam 3996:ABS-CBN 3908:of the 3892:南子島/南子岛 3888:Chinese 3869:Tagalog 3711:Palawan 3696:Itu Aba 3681: 3670:Tagalog 3615:to the 3586:Panacot 3550:Palawan 3537:History 3501:Pawikan 3402:07°38′N 3367:Celerio 3124:Đá Đông 3102:Paredes 2776:11°28′N 2598:07°51′N 2020:Itu Aba 1875:09°25′N 1772:115°0′E 1655:10°30′N 1518:Kanduli 1466:10°21′N 1425:10°48′N 1333:10°39′N 1276:10°52′N 957:Palawan 880:Ayungín 869:Ayungin 689:natural 663:pag-asa 645:Islands 617:of the 584:in the 381:Vietnam 8405:Former 8278: 8230:May 7, 6412:Click 5641: 5174:seas. 5048:sharks 4884:(PAF) 4874:marina 4825:Manila 4570:UNCLOS 4381:Manila 4365:UNCLOS 4311:, and 4307:, the 3898:: 3896:pinyin 3890:: 3816:Result 3638:Brunei 3328:Đá Tây 3299:Đá Nam 3099:Đá Lớn 3077:Osmeña 2966:8°10′N 2898:8°51′N 2839:8°38′N 2715:9°52′N 2677:Bailan 2648:Binago 2536:9°19′N 2462:Zamora 2405:9°55′N 2329:Mabini 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