Body piercing - Knowledge

1057:, an international publication, found that 62% of people who have had piercings have done so in an effort "to express their individuality." People also pierce to commemorate landmark events or to overcome traumatic ones. According to the assistant director of the Frankfurt University Teaching Hospital for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, some sexual abuse survivors choose body piercing as a means of "reclaiming body parts from memories of abuse". Piercing can also be chosen for simple aesthetic value, to highlight particular areas of the body, as a navel piercing may reflect a woman's satisfaction with the shape and condition of her stomach. Some people pierce, permanently or temporarily, to enhance sexual pleasure. Genital and nipple piercings may increase sexual satisfaction. Some people participate in a form of body play known as 756: 1694:

areas must, as it is prescribed by law). Quite frequently, these gloves will be changed multiple times, often one pair for each step of setup to avoid cross contamination. For example, after a piercer wearing gloves has cleaned the area to be pierced on a client, the piercer may change gloves to avoid recontaminating the area. Wearing sterile gloves is required by law for professional piercing procedures in some areas, such as the states of Florida and South Carolina. Tools and jewellery should be sterilized in autoclaves, and non-autoclavable surfaces should be cleaned with disinfectant agents on a regular basis and between clients.

1135:. Prince Albert (PA) piercing may be done for different reasons. Some men go for it for aesthetic reasons, whereas some may try it as an adventure. Men with PA piercing report an increased sense of sexual gratification. This piercing works by stimulating the urethral area (the passage through which urine and semen pass) during sex. The jewelry may provide greater sexual pleasure while masturbating or during oral, anal, or vaginal sex. PA piercing also increases the sexual pleasure of the partner. It can stimulate the nerves in the mouth and genital areas of the partner during sex. 949: 1463:, or clamps, may be used to hold and stabilize the tissue to be pierced. Most piercings that are stabilized with forceps use the triangular-headed "Pennington" forcep, while tongues are usually stabilized with an oval-headed forcep. Most forceps have large enough openings in their jaws to permit the needle and jewellery to pass directly through, though some slotted forceps are designed with a removable segment instead for removal after the piercing. Forceps are not used in the freehand method, in which the piercer supports the tissue by hand. 1544: 1092: 249: 1498: 1256: 1424:), a hollow plastic tube placed at the end of the needle. In some countries, the piercing needle favoured in the United States is regarded as a medical device and is illegal for body piercers. The procedure is similar to the piercing needle method, but the initial jewellery is inserted into the back of the cannula and the cannula and the jewellery are then pulled through the piercing. More bleeding may follow, as the piercing is larger than the jewellery. 1524: 444: 1718: 5806: 989: 980: 1026:

the nose and ear (other than lobe) following at 19% and 13%. The tongue and nipple tied at 9%. The eyebrow, lip and genitals were 8%, 4% and 2%, respectively. Preference among women followed closely on that ranking, though eyebrow piercings were more common than nipple piercings. Among male responders, the order was significantly different, descending in popularity from nipple, eyebrow, ear, tongue, nose, lip and genitals.

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or dermal piercing, which combines piercing and implantation to create a single point of opening in the body (whereas pocketing creates two) to permit one end of the jewellery to show above the surface of the skin. While this technique can be performed almost anywhere on the body, as of 2007 it was popularly done between the eyes, on the chest, or on the finger, to simulate a ring.

547: 89:). Although the history of body piercing is obscured by popular misinformation and by a lack of scholarly reference, ample evidence exists to document that it has been practiced in various forms by both sexes since ancient times throughout the world. Body piercing can be performed on people of all ages, although most minors are only permitted to have earlobe piercings. 1096: 1094: 1080:. During the Crow ceremony, men who wished to obtain visions were pierced in the shoulders or chest by men who had undergone the ceremony in the past and then suspended by these piercings from poles in or outside of the Sun Dance Lodge. Some contemporary Southeast Asian rituals also practice body piercing, as a form of spiritual 207:, who have been hampered in studying body piercing by a scarcity of primary sources. Early records rarely discussed the use of piercings or their meaning, and while jewellery is common among grave goods, the deterioration of the flesh that it once adorned makes it difficult to discern how the jewellery may have been used. 1095: 1158:

prohibits piercing private areas of minors, including genitals and nipples, on penalty of fine and imprisonment for the piercer. Many states in the U.S. also require parental consent to pierce minors, with some also requiring the physical presence of the parents during the act. The state of Idaho has

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can form around the end or ends of the jewellery or the implanted tube into which the jewellery is placed. When a bar is used, pocketing looks quite similar to flesh stapling. The latter technique is frequently done in the form of a ladder. Modern body piercing practices also include dermal anchoring

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practitioners in the United States, Canada, Australia and Europe. Wearing the handkerchief on the left indicates the top, dominant, or active partner; right the bottom, submissive, or passive partner. However, negotiation with a prospective partner remains important because, as Townsend noted, people

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Bridging the gap between self-expressive piercing and spiritual piercing, modern indigenous people may use piercing and other forms of body modification as a way of ritually reconnecting with themselves and society, which according to Musafar once used piercing as a culturally binding ritual. But at

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A 2005 survey of 10,503 people in England over the age of 16 found that approximately 10% (1,049) had body piercings in sites other than the earlobe, with a heavy representation of women aged 16–24 (46.2% piercing in that demographic). Among the most common body sites, the navel was top at 33%, with

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The reasons for piercing or not piercing are varied. Some people pierce for religious or spiritual reasons, while others pierce for self-expression, for aesthetic value, for sexual pleasure, to conform to their culture or to rebel against it. Some forms of piercing remain controversial, particularly

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A hollow tube made of metal, shatter-resistant glass or plastic, needle receiving tubes, like forceps, are used to support the tissue at the piercing site and are common in septum and some cartilage piercings. Not only are these tubes intended to support the tissue, but they also receive the needle

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piercings) as the initial jewellery to be worn, with higher gauges indicating thinner needles. The needle is inserted into the body part being pierced, frequently by hand but sometimes with the aid of a needle holder or pusher. While the needle is still in the body, the initial jewellery to be worn

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The standard method in the United States involves making an opening using a beveled-tip hollow medical needle, which is available in different lengths, gauges and even shapes. While straight needles are useful for many body parts, curved needles are manufactured for areas where straight needles are

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were not permitted to display piercings at all. However, also in 2006, amid a series of employment discrimination cases in the United States, it became clear that the legality of these dress codes depended upon broader social acceptance of body piercing. As early as 2011, some management literature

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and unanticipated physical injuries, but such precautions as sanitary piercing procedures and careful aftercare are emphasized to minimize the likelihood of encountering serious problems. The healing time required for a body piercing may vary widely according to placement, from as little as a month

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Nipple piercing may have been a sign of masculinity for the soldiers of Rome. Nipple piercing has also been connected to rites of passage for both British and American sailors who had traveled beyond a significant latitude and longitude. It is widely reported that in the 1890s, nipple rings called

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In Europe, earrings for women fell from fashion generally between the 4th and 16th centuries, as styles in clothing and hair tended to obscure the ears, but they gradually thereafter came back into vogue in Italy, Spain, England and France—spreading as well to North America—until after World War I

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set the World Record for most body piercings in one session (700 piercings with 18g surgical needles in 1 session of 7 hours, using play piercing where the skin is pierced and sometimes jewellery is inserted, which is worn temporarily). In December of the same year, Moffat had 900 piercings in 4½

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Contemporary body piercing studios generally take numerous precautions to protect the health of the person being pierced and the piercer. Piercers are expected to sanitize the location to be pierced as well as their hands, even though they will often wear gloves during the procedure (and in some

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acknowledged that workplace prohibitions on body modification could negatively impact human resources development; one author compared the practice to older prohibitions on long hair. As of 2020, employment discrimination based on personal appearance including body piercings may be illegal in

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Mesoamerica and South America as well as among some of the tribes of the Pacific Northwest and Africa. In some parts of Malawi, it was quite common for women to adorn their lips with a lip disc called a "pelele" that by means of gradual enlargement from childhood could reach several inches of

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tissue and dental fracture and wear. Recession of gingival tissue affects 19% to 68% of subjects with lip and/or intra-oral ornaments. In some cases, the alveolar tooth-bearing bone is also involved, jeopardizing the stability and durability of the teeth in place and requiring a periodontal

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on 17 November 1978. The establishment of this business – considered the first of its type in the United States – was the beginning of the body piercing industry. As word of body piercing spread to the wider community, Ward began to publish the first publication dedicated to the subject,

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Body modification in general became more popular in the United States in the 1990s, as piercing also became more widespread, with growing availability and access to piercings of the navel, nose, eyebrows, lips, tongue, nipples, and genitals. In 1993, a navel piercing was depicted in

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Ear piercing has been practiced all over the world since ancient times, and there is considerable written and archaeological evidence of the practice. Mummified bodies with pierced ears have been discovered, including the oldest mummified body discovered to date, the 5,300-year-old

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Body piercing is an invasive procedure with risks. In a 2005 survey of 10,503 persons over the age of 16 in England, complications were reported in 31% of piercings, with professional help being necessary in 15.2%. 0.9% had complications serious enough to require hospitalization.

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over a 10-year period, including acts of body piercing. The courts declared that decorative body piercing was not illegal, but that erotic body piercing was. Subsequently, the group Countdown on Spanner formed in 1992 in protest. The group appealed the decision before the

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The aftercare process for body piercing has evolved gradually through practice, and many myths and harmful recommendations persist. A reputable piercing studio should provide clients with written and verbal aftercare instructions, as is in some areas mandated by law.

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and delay healing. The risks can be minimized by wearing properly sized jewellery and not changing it unnecessarily, by not touching the piercing more than required for aftercare, and by being conscious of environmental factors (such as clothing) that may impact the

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has taken an official position against most piercings unless for medical reasons, although they accept piercings for women as long as there is only one set of piercings in the lower lobe of the ears and no other place on the body. Wearing of very large nose rings on

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for most permanent piercings, first setting this record in 2000 upon verification by Guinness judges of 462 body piercings, with 192 at the time being around her head and face. As of 8 June 2006, her Guinness-certified piercings numbered 4,225. In February 2009,

897: 429:, a superstitious belief that piercing one ear improved long-distance vision led to the practice among sailors and explorers. Sailors also pierced their ears in the belief that their earrings could pay for a Christian burial if their bodies washed up on shore. 956:

Alongside traditional piercing techniques, modern body adornment includes variant techniques such as pocketing and flesh stapling, although as of 2007 these were still not widely made available by piercers. In the first of these, a scalpel opens the skin or

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healing in as little as a month, though some may take longer. Navel piercings can be the slowest to heal, with one source reporting a range of six months to two full years. The prolonged healing of navel piercings may be connected to clothing friction.

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Reports at the 16th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases in 2006 indicated that bacterial infections are seldom serious, but that ten to twenty percent of piercings result in local benign bacterial infection. The

682:, Malloy claimed navel piercing was popular among ancient Egyptian aristocrats and was depicted in Egyptian statuary, a claim that is widely repeated. Other sources say there are no records to support a historical practice for navel piercing. 1430:

A dermal punch is used to remove a circular area of tissue, into which jewellery is placed, and may be useful for larger cartilage piercings. They are popular for use in ears, though not legal for use by nonmedical personnel in some

1772:, which is a sign of inflammation or infection, should be expected, and only within the initial phase. While sometimes difficult to distinguish, sebum is "more solid and cheeselike and has a distinctive rotten odour", according to 1373:

Permanent body piercings are performed by creating an opening in the body using a sharp object through the area to be pierced. This can either be done by puncturing an opening using a needle (usually a hollow medical needle) or

1566:. This risk can be minimized by using high quality jewellery manufactured from titanium or niobium or similar inert metals. Metal piercing jewellery puts metal in contact with damaged skin, increasing the risk of developing a 619:

and Mayan cultures as a ritual symbol. Wall paintings highlight a ritual of the Mayans during which nobility would pierce their tongues with thorns. The blood would be collected on bark, which would be burned in honor of the

2483:, p. 95) "In the late 1890s the "bosom ring" came into fashion briefly and sold in expensive Parisian jewellery shops. These anneaux de sein were inserted through the nipple, and some women wore one on either side." 1093: 149:

when applied to youth. The display or placement of piercings have been restricted by schools, employers and religious groups. In spite of the controversy, some people have practiced extreme forms of body piercing, with

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permission for minors to receive body piercings. Scotland requires parental consent for youths below 16, while in 2011 Wales began considering a similar law. In addition to imposing parental consent requirements,

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AWG gauging system is used, which assigns lower numbers to thicker middles. 00 gauge is 9.246 millimetres (0.3640 in), while 20 gauge is 0.813 millimetres (0.0320 in). For discussion of gauges, see:

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in the piercing is pushed through the opening, following the back of the needle. Jewellery is often inserted into the hollow end of a needle, so that as the needle pulls through the jewellery is left behind.

81:, refer to the resulting decoration, or to the decorative jewelry used. Piercing implants alter the body and/or skin profile and appearance (e.g. golden threads installed subdermal, platinum, titanium or 893:

editorializing the court's decision as "illiberal nonsense" in 1993. In 1996 Countdown on Spanner received the Large Nonprofit Organization of the Year award as part of the Pantheon of Leather Awards.

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The practice of body piercing is subject to trends and fashions. Belly button and eyebrow piercings were popular during the 1990s when the piercing trend entered the mainstream. In 2015, the

843:(the 1983 second edition; the 1972 first edition did not include this list) which is generally considered authoritative states that a purple handkerchief is a symbol for body piercing in the 925:, it was this consumer drive that "essentially inspired the creation of body-piercing as a full-fledged industry." Body piercing was given another media-related boost in 2004, when during a 887:, attempting to overturn the verdict which ruled consent immaterial in acts of sadomasochism, without success. In spite of their repeated failures, the situation publicized the issue, with 111:, attesting to the existence of the practice more than 5,000 years ago. Nose piercing is documented as far back as 1500 BCE. Piercings of these types have been documented globally, while 775:

By the early part of the 20th century, piercing of any body part other than the ear lobe had become uncommon in the West. After World War II, it began increasing in popularity among the

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were primarily the preferred fashion in the 1920s; however, the physical piercing of lobes began growing in popularity from the 1960s. In the 1970s, piercing began to expand, as the

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is the chastity belt of the vagina that they would make for their daughters. They would pierce the walls of the vagina like they would pierce the ears. They would insert it

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De Cuyper, Christa; Pérez-Cotopos, Maria Luisa; Cossio, Laura (2010). "Piercings: Techniques and Complications". In De Cuyper, Christa; Pérez-Cotopos, Maria Luisa (eds.).

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such as this one are standard equipment in professional piercing studios, helping to prevent infection. This type uses a vacuum pump to remove air from the chamber before

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of Egypt (1550–1292 BCE), generally taking the form of a dangling, gold hoop. Gem-studded, golden earrings shaped like asps seem to have been reserved for nobility. The

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in piercings of any age. An additional risk for allergic reaction may arise when the stud or clasp of jewellery is made from a different metal than the primary piece.

747:"bosom rings" resurfaced as a fashion statement among women of the West, who would wear them on one or both sides, but if such a trend existed, it was short-lived. 1282: 3145: 1297:, who had 1,015 temporary metal rings inserted in 7 hours and 55 minutes. The record for most body piercings with surgical needles was set on 29 May 2008, when 1440:

The vast majority of women in the West have their ears pierced with a piercing gun. The safety of piercing guns has been disputed. The Department of Health of

3067: 469:, the Vedas refer to Lakshmi's nose piercings, but modern practice in India is believed to have spread from the Middle Eastern nomadic tribes by route of the 1742:, during which the body produces cells and protein to heal the puncture and the edges contract around the piercing, forming a tunnel of scar tissue called a 1640:, although as of 2009 there had been no documented cases of HIV caused by piercing. While rare, infection due to piercing of the tongue can be fatal. Higher 4814: 3642: 1298: 5647: 4341: 3180: 164:, frequently utilizing specialized tools developed for the purpose. Body piercing is an invasive procedure with some risks, including allergic reaction, 5675: 1470:

once it has passed through the tissue, offering protection from the sharp point. Needle receiving tubes are not used in the freehand piercing method.

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and the tribes of New Guinea, who adorned their pierced noses with bones and feathers to symbolize wealth and (among men) virility. The name of the

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women of childbearing age to wear a nose stud, usually in the left nostril, due to the nostril's association with the female reproductive organs in

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In some Pre-Columbian and North American cultures, labrets were seen as a status symbol. They were the oldest form of high status symbol among the

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for a full month for violating school policy by wearing eyebrow, nose, labret and tongue piercings to school. His mother subsequently decided to

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Antiques Roadshow Collectibles: the Complete Guide to Collecting 20th-century Toys, Glassware, Costume Jewelry, Memorabilia, Ceramics & More

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the same time that piercing can be culturally binding, it may also be a means of rebellion, particularly for adolescents in Western cultures.

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has been particularly misrepresented by printed works continuing to repeat myths that were originally promulgated by Malloy in the pamphlet

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of Panama. Nose piercing also remains popular in Pakistan and Bangladesh and is practiced in a number of Middle Eastern and Arab countries.

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of America, earrings were a sign of nobility and wealth, as the placement of each earring on a child had to be purchased at an expensive

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attached their capes to nipple piercings. Some of Malloy's myths were reprinted as fact in subsequently published histories of piercing.

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for some genital piercings to as much as two full years for the navel. Some piercings may be more complicated, leading to rejection.

941:" that left exposed Jackson's pierced nipple. Some professional body piercers reported considerable increases in business following 1294: 5113: 1448:

recommends that piercing guns not be used for any piercing, requiring members to agree not to use piercing guns in their practice.

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diameter and would eventually alter the occlusion of the jaw. Such lip stretching is still practiced in some places. Women of the

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or injected. In some other places, piercers and other non-medical personnel are not legally permitted to administer anaesthetics.

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can refer to the act or practice of body piercing, or to an opening in the body created by this act or practice. It can also, by

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However, records do exist that refer to practices of nipple and genital piercing in various cultures prior to the 20th century.

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While body piercing has grown more widespread, it remains controversial. Some countries impose age of consent laws requiring

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A cross-cultural study published in 2011 found that individuals with piercings were likely to be involved in other forms of

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15:12–17 dictates ear piercing for a slave who chooses not to be freed. Earrings are also referenced in connection to the

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may wear hankies of any color "only because the idea of the hankie turns them on" or "may not even know what it means".

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of Ancient India, describes genital piercing to permit sexual enhancement by inserting pins and other objects into the

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Zadik, Yehuda; Burnstein, Saar; Derazne, Estella; Sandler, Vadim; Ianculovici, Clariel; Halperin, Tamar (March 2010).

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Body piercing jewellery is measured by thickness and diameter/length. Most countries use millimeters. In the US, the

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The amount of time it typically takes a piercing to heal varies widely according to the placement of the piercing.

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regeneration surgery. Dental fracture and wear affects 14% to 41% of subjects with lip and/or intra-oral ornaments.

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Elzweig, Brian; Peeples, Donna K. (2011). "Tattoos and piercings: Issues of body modification and the workplace".

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19:28, have been interpreted as prohibiting body modification because the body is held to be the property of God.

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were historically found in certain tribal cultures in Africa and the Americas. Pierced adornments of the lip, or

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tribe in the Nile Valley wear lip rings on occasion that may reach 15 centimetres (5.9 in) in diameter.

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to 550 CE. The history of navel piercing is less clear. The practice of body piercing has waxed and waned in

2397:, p. 151) "Navel piercing. Unlike the other body piercings, this one has not been recorded in history." 1970: 520:

was derived from the practice, though nose piercing was not common within the tribe. The Aztecs, Mayans and

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shown above are commonly found in professional piercing studios, that use pulsing steam under pressure to

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allowed 900 18-gauge, 0.5 centimetres (0.20 in)-long surgical needles to be inserted into his body.

366: 7426: 5876: 4860:"It's official, the nipple piercing is the new 'it' piercing - just ask Kendall Jenner and Bella Hadid" 1081: 1019: 803: 562: 51: 4771:

Levin, Liran (June 2007). "Alveolar Bone Loss and Gingival Recession Due to Lip and Tongue Piercing".

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Body piercing was also heavily popularized in the United States by a group of Californians, including

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when piercing fell from favor and the newly invented Clip-on earring became fashionable. According to

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is supplied by some piercers, particularly in the United Kingdom and Europe. The anaesthesia may be

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Smith, R. J. (2002). "The Many Faces of Korla Pandit". In Lethem, Jonathan; Bresnick, Paul (eds.).

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A Bride Without a Blessing: a Study in the Redaction and Content of Massekhet Kallah and its Gemara

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are commonly used metals, with titanium the least likely to cause allergic reaction of the three.

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piercing served as a mechanism of both accelerated camaraderie and political communication, while

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of the Nile Valley wore rings. The practice of stretching the lips by piercing them and inserting

65:, is the practice of puncturing or cutting a part of the human body, creating an opening in which 7327: 6420: 6396: 5964: 5910: 5906: 5896: 5719:"Colonization of Candida: prevalence among tongue-pierced and non-pierced immunocompetent adults" 5210:

Religion and American Cultures: an Encyclopedia of Traditions, Diversity, and Popular Expressions

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is not a good alternative in a piercing, as it may cause allergies in initial piercings and will

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are also safe alternatives, even in fresh piercings. Initial piercings should never be done with

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in Italy. The mummy had an ear piercing 7–11 mm (0.28–0.43 in) in diameter. The oldest

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Da Capo Best Music Writing 2002: The Year's Finest Writing on Rock, Pop, Jazz, Country, and More

5120:. Kansas City Anti-Violence Project. 24 December 2007. Archived from the original on 6 June 2010 210:

The modern record has been also distorted by the 20th-century inventions of piercing enthusiast

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were historically found in African cultures and many more but is actually from the Middle East.

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does not recommend their use for piercing body parts other than the lobes of ears, and the US

508:. Many Native American and Alaskan tribes practiced septum piercing. It was popular among the 7227: 6349: 6109: 5133: 4792:

Levin, Liran; Zadik, Yehuda (October 2007). "Oral Piercing: Complications and Side Effects".

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Cork may be placed on the opposite side of the body part being pierced to receive the needle.

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are both piercings that gained increased popularity in the second decade of the 21st century.

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Riedel, F; Aparicio-Soto, M; Curato, C; Thierse, HJ; Siewert, K; Luch, A (15 October 2021).

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Body piercing in some religions is held to be destructive to the body. Some passages of the

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have also been practiced by various cultures, with nipple piercing dating back at least to

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have been particularly widespread and are well represented in historical records and among

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England, where earrings (typically worn in one ear only) were sported by such notables as

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in order to diminish the appearance of his large penis in tight trousers, and that Roman

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not ideal. The needle selected is typically the same gauge (or sometimes larger as with

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lost a breast due to an infection from a nipple piercing. Viral infections may include

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limited piercings to two per ear and jewelry to small, matched earrings. Employees of

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him. As of 2022, the school district has maintained its policy against body piercing.

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that featured tattoos and body piercings of teachers and students. That same year, in

921:", which inspired a plethora of young female fans to follow suit. According to 2009's 258: 157:

on individuals with hundreds and even thousands of permanent and temporary piercings.

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as a home business in November 1975 and then as a commercial storefront operation in

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wore gold septum rings for adornment, with the practice continued to this day by the

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A significant development in body piercing in England occurred in 1987, when during

6825: 6654: 6608: 6528: 6329: 6155: 6053: 6048: 6007: 5944: 5939: 5891: 5730: 5630: 4826: 4730: 4722: 4508: 4500: 4289: 4281: 3809: 3799: 3074: 1816: 1780: 1649: 712: 671: 657: 574: 347: 203:

Body adornment has only recently become a subject of serious scholarly research by

120: 5812: 4474:

Duff, Anna (5 October 2015). "There's a New 'It' Piercing that Celebrities Love".

4409:

Dermatologic Complications with Body Art: Tattoos, Piercings and Permanent Make-Up

1321:. A number of materials are used, with varying strengths and weaknesses. Surgical 6920: 6855: 6666: 6639: 6324: 6319: 6309: 6203: 6175: 6140: 6114: 6088: 6082: 6073: 6022: 6017: 6012: 5954: 5924: 5299: 5089: 4643: 4570:"It's Official: Septum Rings Are Trending With Fashion Week's Street Style Crowd" 4235: 3678: 1811: 1764:

produce an oily substance meant to protect and moisturize the wound. While these

1761: 1670: 1653: 1543: 1346: 1322: 1267: 1259: 1015: 1011: 1001: 997: 958: 918: 901: 787: 760: 663: 649: 599: 551: 541: 517: 485: 470: 406: 393:, earrings were even more common among men of the 16th century than women, while 288: 138: 116: 47: 43: 4285: 3247: 7273: 7217: 7205: 7134: 6778: 6716: 6256: 6208: 6180: 6165: 6124: 6043: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5391: 4976: 4688: 1667:

formation. While piercings can be removed, they may leave a hole, mark or scar.

1621: 1582: 1514: 1393: 1318: 1030: 880: 836: 822: 667: 653: 570: 370: 354: 300: 6493: 5560:

Native Life in East Africa: the Results of an Ethnological Research Expedition

4504: 1497: 612:

women, though the practice of wearing them died out due to Western influence.

7390: 7278: 7237: 6905: 6659: 6644: 6593: 6198: 6170: 6160: 6078: 5881: 4937: 4195: 3347: 3233: 1826: 1784: 1681: 1673:

including tearing, friction or bumping of the piercing site, which may cause

1588: 1567: 1179: 1058: 934: 871: 795: 776: 719:), there may be mention of a genital piercing in the prohibition against the 525: 513: 497: 438: 390: 248: 204: 128: 96: 82: 4270:"Body Piercing in England: a Survey of Piercing at Sites Other than Earlobe" 3804: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7315: 7268: 7098: 7044: 6830: 6711: 6671: 6563: 6150: 6063: 6038: 5934: 5744: 5694: 5476: 4992: 4838: 4805: 4784: 4744: 4522: 4303: 4231: 4173: 3823: 1645: 1285:, who had 230 permanent piercings, with 175 rings adorning his face alone. 1046: 1018:

were considered highly fashionable. Additionally, the practice of ear lobe

860: 768: 711:

for the opposite reason, to diminish their sexual activity. In the Talmud (

700: 692: 609: 602: 582: 578: 554: 537: 451: 339: 219: 142: 124: 92: 5436:

Modern Primitives: an Investigation of Contemporary Adornment & Ritual

3183:. National Conference of State Legislatures. 13 March 2019. Archived from 1166:, when a local high school featured a spread on "Body Decorations" in its 1131:

Certain piercings are done to enhance sexual pleasure. One example is the

7321: 7310: 7200: 7039: 6989: 6984: 6900: 6742: 6618: 6568: 6443: 6438: 5871: 4496: 1601: 1594: 1379: 1077: 810: 708: 637: 501: 426: 414: 312: 308: 211: 100: 5072:

Southeast Asia: a Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor

1255: 7144: 7089: 6964: 6877: 6835: 6737: 6686: 6623: 6598: 6473: 5959: 5414: 4880:

The Sociology of Religion: A Substantive and Transdisciplinary Approach

4337: 4268:

Bone, Angie; Fortune Ncube; Tom Nichols; Norman D Noah (21 June 2008).

4257:"A Pro Piercer Answers All The Questions You're Way Too Nervous To Ask" 3315:

Fox, Michael W (June 2006). "The changing face of discrimination law".

1641: 1613: 1562:

Allergic reaction to the metal in the piercing jewellery, particularly

1476: 1244: 1190: 791: 779: 687: 621: 296: 6845: 5676:"Periodontal Attachment Loss Due to Applying Force by Tongue Piercing" 2651:"Pantheon of Leather Awards All Time Recipients - The Leather Journal" 1717: 481:. This piercing is sometimes done the night before the woman marries. 443: 295:

buries the earrings worn by members of his household along with their

7290: 7283: 7154: 7149: 7129: 7054: 6979: 6973: 6954: 6850: 6791: 6706: 6603: 6538: 6513: 6503: 6433: 6412: 6294: 6289: 6067: 5886: 5319:. Connoisseur's library. Vol. 16 (2nd ed.). Methuen and co. 1702: 1633: 1629: 1529: 1523: 1507: 1406: 1338: 1214: 1194: 1073: 889: 590: 231: 186: 165: 66: 4623:

Hastings, James (2003). "Nose-ornaments". In Selbie, John A. (ed.).

3181:"Tattooing and Body Piercing | State Laws, Statutes and Regulations" 1570:; this is thought to be why such allergies are more common in women. 802:, which incorporated piercing elements from other cultures, such as 7358: 7332: 7258: 7185: 7124: 7114: 7109: 7069: 7009: 6999: 6959: 6941: 6930: 6925: 6840: 6796: 6681: 6676: 6613: 6553: 6543: 6508: 6483: 6458: 6453: 5762:"In the Flesh: Body Piercing as a Form of Commodity-Based Identity" 5396: 5104: 4200:"Dr. Manny's Health Beat: Do's & Don'ts for Safe Body Piercing" 1765: 1729:

The healing process of piercings is broken down into three stages:

1617: 1574: 1421: 1334: 1330: 1281:

reported that she had 6,005. The "Most Pierced Man" as of 2009 was

1167: 1150: 1101: 962: 696: 625: 398: 378: 362: 266: 243: 150: 78: 5590:"The unexpected rise of 2016's biggest trend: the nipple piercing" 4218: 3003: 1712: 7353: 7263: 7175: 7084: 7049: 7034: 7019: 7004: 6994: 6867: 6801: 6752: 6691: 6548: 6523: 6488: 5974: 5525: 4648:. Handicrafts Through World History. Greenwood Publishing Group. 3792:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

1757: 1743: 1685: 1625: 1460: 1417: 1388: 1375: 1350: 1326: 1224: 1144: 988: 979: 847:, which is employed usually among gay male casual-sex seekers or 790:

movement embraced it, featuring nontraditional adornment such as

493: 489: 455: 374: 334: 320: 284: 262: 190: 108: 5821: 5208:

Porterfield, Amanda (2003). Gary Laderman; Luis D. Leon (eds.).

4224:

Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History

3785: 1049:

man in a religious procession with a trident piercing his cheeks

737:

for women. Other interpreters have, however, suggested that the

7253: 7159: 7119: 7094: 7029: 7014: 6910: 6895: 6890: 6806: 6757: 6747: 6463: 6428: 6058: 4387:"This Celebrity-Beloved Jeweler is Opening up a Dubai Boutique" 3648:. Department of Health, Western Australia. 2006. Archived from 1768:

deposits may be expected for some time, only a small amount of

1664: 1608:, who have a much higher chance of developing life-threatening 1563: 1504: 1229: 1203: 1085: 1068:

was historically important in the religious ceremonies of some

726: 704: 566: 331:

region between Russia and China dated between 400 and 300 BCE.

160:

Contemporary body piercing practices emphasize the use of safe

5621:"Why is the Prince Albert Piercing Named after Prince Albert?" 4938:"Ear stretching: Why is lobe 'gauging' growing in popularity?" 4237:

The Piercing Bible: The Definitive Guide to Safe Body Piercing

3363:"Tackling discrimination based on looks: guidance from France" 1604:

estimates 30%. Risk of infection is greatest among those with

7232: 7222: 7212: 7195: 7190: 7180: 7139: 6969: 6949: 6885: 6817: 6558: 6533: 6478: 6304: 5771: 1674: 1578: 1378:

or by removing tissue, either with a dermal punch or through

1240: 1210: 730: 629: 616: 521: 509: 474: 447: 343: 324: 316: 304: 292: 278: 270: 269:

found in a grave date to 2500 BCE. These were located in the

104: 6381: 5347:"Why Septum Piercings Are Trending (And There's No Age Cap)" 4605:

Tattooing and Body Piercing: Perspectives on Physical Health

4404: 2741: 1041: 7104: 7079: 7074: 7024: 6786: 5457:

The Haida Indians: Cultural Change Mainly between 1876–1970

5047:"A Nose for Fashion. Septum Piercings are the Latest Trend" 4711:"Body Piercing: Medical Concerns with Cutting-Edge Fashion" 1746:. This phase may last weeks, months, or longer than a year. 1342: 896: 859:, a group of homosexuals—including well known body piercer 848: 828: 633: 586: 328: 181: 169: 39: 5151:. Lonely Planet guidebooks (3rd ed.). Lonely Planet. 4813:

Levin, Liran; Zadik, Yehuda; Becker, Tal (December 2005).

1656:, in comparison to non-tongue-pierced matched individuals. 4667:

Anatomy and Destiny: a Cultural History of the Human Body

1769: 1637: 1193:

can also strictly limit piercing displays. At that time,

546: 327:. Earrings for pierced ears were found in a grave in the 141:, but it has experienced an increase in popularity since 5170:

In the Flesh: the Cultural Politics of Body Modification

1783:

can be among the quicker to heal, with piercings of the

1084:. Generally, the subject attempts to enter an analgesic 373:

wore paste pendant earrings shaped like sacred birds or

5100:"Parents 'should approve skin piercings for under-16s'" 1550:

that developed on the lip seven weeks after piercing it

1309: 817:. Ward (inspired by and with money from Malloy) opened 274: 5025: 4815:"Oral and Dental Complications of Intra-oral Piercing" 4694:. First Americans – Group 3. Marshall Cavendish. 3677:. Association of Professional Piercers. Archived from 3491: 3120:"Children and Community Services Act 2004 - Sect 104A" 1487: 1345:

of any grade, as gold is mixed with other metals, and

743:

was rather a pendant shaped like a vulva or a girdle.

425:. Common men wore earrings as well. From the European 5366:"Tattoo, Piercing and Breast Implantation Infections" 4178:

Engendering Judaism: an inclusive theology and ethics

1293:

hours. On 4 March 2006, the record was overturned by

643: 492:

a nose ring. Nose piercing has been practiced by the

473:

in the 16th century. It remains customary for Indian

5866: 5315:

Smith, Harold Clifford (1908). Davenport, C. (ed.).

4267: 2883: 1053:

Reasons for piercing vary greatly. A 2001 survey in

738: 720: 112: 5648:"World's Most Pierced Woman Adds to Her Collection" 1138: 5646: 5503:Onkelos on the Torah: Understanding the Bible Text 5454: 5364: 5290:"Soldier's Tongue Piercing Causes Fatal Infection" 5228: 5167: 4687: 4664: 4551:Body Marks: Tattooing, Piercing, and Scarification 4433: 3837: 1304: 1262:, the "Most Pierced Woman" in the world as of 2009 1124:piercings served to enhance sexuality and contest 531: 4918: 4899:"Tongue Piercing Infection Death Prompts Warning" 3960: 3643:"The Use of Ear Piercing Guns/Nose Piercing Guns" 2720: 2718: 2597:. New York: Modernismo Publications. p. 26. 1392:Piercer using a clamp in the early stages of the 1022:has become popular with the turn of the century. 750: 581:. Aztecs and Mayans also wore labrets, while the 7388: 5146: 4958:365 Awesome Facts & Records about Everything 4812: 4366:. Lucent Overview Series. Lucent Books. p. 3989: 2313: 377:, while the women of ancient Rome wore precious 5759: 5645: 5147:Phillips, Matt; Carillet, Jean-Bernard (2006). 3428: 3392:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1713:The healing process and body piercing aftercare 1219:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1159:imposed a minimum age for body piercing at 14. 678:. For example, according to Malloy's colleague 4645:Jewelrymaking through History: an Encyclopedia 4548: 3531: 3529: 3333: 2715: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2431:so that the men could not have sex with them." 2015: 6397: 5837: 5674:Zadik, Yehuda; Sandler, Vadim (August 2007). 5452: 4549:Gay, Kathlyn; Whittington, Christine (2002). 4359: 3863: 3850: 3629: 3302: 3286: 3029: 2957: 2944: 2928: 2915: 2894: 2892: 2696: 2339: 5716: 5673: 5603:Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians 5188: 4708: 4625:Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Part 17 4553:. Women at War. Twenty-First Century Books. 4018: 3944: 3760: 2371: 2174: 1756:It is normal for a white or slightly yellow 615:Tongue piercing was practiced by the Aztec, 5557: 5207: 4955: 4567: 4146: 4000: 3998: 3526: 3475: 2767: 2736: 2734: 2533: 2531: 2504: 2486: 2413: 2352: 2287: 2227: 2225: 1235:In 2018 the first piercing business in the 1112:A fifteen-year analysis published in 2011, 397:in 1577 confirms the practice among "lusty 6404: 6390: 5844: 5830: 5619:Woods, Stacey Grenrock (1 February 2006). 5249: 5045: 4935: 4791: 4342:"Fresh Warnings on the Perils of Piercing" 4005: 3755: 3753: 3751: 2899: 2889: 2861: 2819: 2742:De Cuyper, Pérez-Cotopos & Cossio 2010 2702: 2156: 2154: 2152: 1760:to be noticeable on the jewellery, as the 1076:ceremony, including that practiced by the 952:Two young women with navel piercings, 2004 287:. Earrings are mentioned in the Bible. In 5734: 5600: 4936:McClatchey, Carolina (21 November 2011). 4921:"Piercings: How to Prevent Complications" 4734: 4568:Garnsworthy, Jasmine (13 February 2015). 4512: 4293: 3813: 3803: 2575: 2573: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2138: 2136: 2067: 2054: 2041: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1991: 252:A traditional Burmese ear-boring ceremony 5433: 5390: 5098: 5029:. Guinness World Records. Archived from 5027:"Most Body Piercings (surgical needles)" 4877: 4622: 4482: 4125: 4123: 4109: 4107: 4105: 3995: 3982: 3971: 3969: 3955: 3953: 3937: 3902: 3869: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3606: 3604: 3103: 2731: 2592: 2564: 2528: 2378: 2232: 2222: 1716: 1542: 1416:Many piercers use a needle containing a 1387: 1266:Officially titled "Most Pierced Woman", 1254: 1090: 1040: 947: 895: 754: 545: 442: 333: 247: 180: 38: 5344: 5252:Body Piercing and Identity Construction 5226: 5088: 4974: 4752:Lawman, Denise, ed. (2004). "Labrets". 4580: 4534:(50 ed.). Guinness World Records. 4529: 4454: 4431: 4317: 4194: 3876: 3779: 3748: 3711: 3709: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3515: 3513: 3462: 3449: 3360: 3297: 3295: 3175: 3173: 3004:American Museum of Natural History 1921 2977: 2939: 2937: 2910: 2908: 2806: 2754: 2725: 2709: 2691: 2689: 2629: 2627: 2420: 2391: 2384: 2274: 2261: 2256: 2254: 2216: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2187: 2161: 2149: 2093: 1918: 1916: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1652:was reported in young individuals with 1536:sealed packages of items for later use. 1517:and equipment immediately prior to use. 1114:Body Piercing and Identity Construction 1036: 462:Nose piercing also has a long history. 127:while genital piercing is described in 14: 7389: 5587: 5570:Ancient Egypt; Its Culture and History 5500: 5412: 5287: 5191:Cultural Encyclopedia of the Body: M-Z 5114:"Past Out—What was Operation Spanner?" 5006: 4975:Meltzer, Donna I. (15 November 2005). 4919:Mayo Clinic staff (16 February 2008). 4754:Illustrated Dictionary of Anthropology 4751: 4601: 4130: 3918: 3766: 3575: 3549: 3536: 3520: 3504: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3423: 3421: 3219: 3206: 2990: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2793: 2570: 2510: 2467: 2441: 2365: 2326: 2133: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2104: 2102: 1988: 1982: 1902: 1900: 1898: 759:Person with several facial piercings ( 624:. It was also practiced by the Haida, 6385: 5825: 5618: 5566: 5323: 5314: 5268: 5165: 4896: 4857: 4770: 4641: 4627:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 397. 4336: 4254: 4230: 4172: 4120: 4114: 4102: 4096: 4083: 4070: 4057: 4044: 4031: 3976: 3966: 3950: 3931: 3889: 3843: 3773: 3742: 3729: 3716: 3700: 3617: 3611: 3601: 3595: 3562: 3350:– via Business Source Complete. 2848: 2780: 2680: 2618: 2611: 2580: 2522: 2454: 2407: 2400: 2143: 2127: 2109: 2080: 2028: 2002: 1936: 1923: 1889: 1876: 1863: 1721:Dried sebum deposit on body jewellery 1385:Tools used in body piercing include: 707:passed a shard of bone through their 5778: 5661:from the original on 12 January 2022 5609: 5601:Wilkinson, Sir John Gardner (1837). 5588:Wilbur, Hayley (16 September 2016). 5544: 5519: 5475: 5453:van den Brink, Jacob Herman (1974). 5112: 4715:Journal of General Internal Medicine 4709:Koenig, Laura M.; Carnes, M (1999). 4685: 4662: 4473: 4037: 3722: 3706: 3581: 3555: 3510: 3292: 3231: 3170: 3124:Western Australian Consolidated Acts 2934: 2905: 2835: 2686: 2634: 2624: 2551: 2538: 2480: 2300: 2251: 2245: 2204: 1913: 1907: 1843: 1699:Association of Professional Piercers 1446:Association of Professional Piercers 1310:Contemporary body piercing jewellery 1072:, featuring in many variants of the 676:Body & Genital Piercing in Brief 216:Body & Genital Piercing in Brief 5558:Weule, Karl; Werner, Alice (1909). 5413:Ullman, Yirmiyahu (15 March 2008). 5069: 5053:. 13 September 2015. Archived from 4904:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 4897:Mason, Jennifer (18 October 2009). 4384: 3437: 3418: 3412: 3314: 3068:"Body Piercing Client Consent Form" 3016: 2963: 2867: 2115: 2099: 1975: 1895: 1488:Risks associated with body piercing 885:European Commission of Human Rights 798:began popularizing it as a form of 24: 6366:Body piercing regulation in the UK 5567:White, Jon Ewbank Manchip (1970). 5345:Spencer, Hayley (10 August 2015). 5288:Siegel, Judy (23 September 2008). 5227:Prisant, Carol (18 January 2003). 4956:McRae, Anne; Davies, Gill (2006). 4255:Arata, Emily (30 September 2015). 4220:American Museum of Natural History 4156:. 7 September 2004. Archived from 4148:"3,000 Piercings as 9/11 Tributes" 3323:: 564–569 – via Hein Online. 1807:Body piercing regulation in the UK 1750:The maturation or remodeling phase 1709:as part of professional training. 644:Nipple, navel and genital piercing 496:tribes of the Middle East and the 218:included such commonly reproduced 25: 7438: 5851: 5753: 5269:Rutty, Guy N. (31 January 2004). 4360:Currie-McGhee, Leanne K. (2006). 3232:Reid, S. A. (24 September 2004). 3043:"Why Do Guys Get Prince Alberts?" 1740:The growth or proliferative phase 1368: 411:Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset 5804: 5787: 5736:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01618.x 5392:"Tongue Piercing 'Can Be Fatal'" 4977:"Complications of Body Piercing" 4831:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2005.00395.x 4727:10.1046/j.1525-1497.1999.00357.x 4483:Ferguson, Henry (January 2000). 4089: 4076: 4063: 4050: 4024: 4011: 3924: 3911: 3895: 3882: 3856: 3830: 3735: 3693: 3667: 3635: 3568: 3542: 3497: 3484: 3468: 3455: 3361:Le Roux, Marion (20 July 2020). 3239:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution 1522: 1496: 1250: 1174:, a 15-year-old boy remained in 1162:In 2004, controversy erupted in 1139:Piercing prohibitions and taboos 987: 978: 432: 5867:Contemporary piercing practices 5760:Amelia Guimarin (14 May 2005). 5434:Vale, V.; Juno, Andrea (1989). 5189:Pitts-Taylor, Victoria (2008). 3405: 3380: 3354: 3336:SAM Advanced Management Journal 3327: 3308: 3279: 3254: 3234:"Student fights to sport metal" 3225: 3212: 3199: 3138: 3112: 3096: 3060: 3035: 3022: 3009: 2996: 2983: 2950: 2921: 2854: 2841: 2828: 2812: 2799: 2786: 2773: 2760: 2747: 2673: 2643: 2586: 2557: 2544: 2473: 2460: 2447: 2434: 2358: 2345: 2332: 2319: 2306: 2293: 2280: 2267: 2238: 2193: 2180: 2167: 2086: 2073: 2060: 2047: 2034: 2021: 2008: 1624:. In 2006, a diabetic woman in 1305:Contemporary piercing practices 969: 532:Piercings of the lip and tongue 488:24:22, Abraham's servant gives 237: 5573:. Courier Dover Publications. 5505:. Gefen Publishing House Ltd. 5374:. 8 April 2006. Archived from 5271:Essentials of Autopsy Practice 4858:Lough, Kate (7 October 2015). 4440:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 4436:Encyclopedia of Body Adornment 4180:. Jewish Publication Society. 3990:Levin, Zadik & Becker 2005 1964: 1953: 1942: 1929: 1882: 1869: 1659:Excess scar tissue, including 1100:Cheek piercing at a ritual in 917:' "Music Video of the Year", " 751:Growing popularity in the West 504:peoples of Africa, as well as 365:. Earrings were common in the 13: 1: 6411: 5520:Ward, Jim (23 January 2004). 5250:Romanienko, Lisiunia (2011). 4385:Day, Emma (5 November 2018). 4139: 1199:Walt Disney Parks and Resorts 463: 228:piercing that shares his name 194: 131: 5094:. Stellan Consult Ltd. 2007. 2595:The Leatherman's Handbook II 2314:Phillips & Carillet 2006 1558:Some risks of note include: 943:the heavily publicized event 841:The Leatherman's Handbook II 628:and Tlingit, as well as the 107:remains ever discovered had 73:could be inserted. The word 7: 5562:. Sir I. Pitman & Sons. 5501:Wagner, Stanley M. (2006). 5007:Miller, Jean-Chris (2004). 4489:BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 4413:. Springer Books. pp. 4286:10.1136/bmj.39580.497176.25 3492:Guinness World Records 2009 3266:schoolwires.henry.k12.ga.us 1795: 739: 721: 10: 7443: 5767:. Mentor: Teresa Caldiera. 5612:The Natural History of Man 5610:Wood, John George (1874). 5438:. Re/Search Publications. 4602:Graves, Bonnie B. (2000). 4202:. FOX News. Archived from 2902:, pp. 33–50, 131–139) 2016:Gay & Whittington 2002 1620:, as well as those taking 1288:In January 2003, Canadian 1142: 908:and body piercer Paul King 647: 535: 436: 241: 176: 29: 7341: 7303: 7246: 7168: 6939: 6876: 6815: 6777: 6770: 6730: 6632: 6586: 6579: 6419: 6358: 6280: 6222: 6189: 6133: 6102: 6031: 5973: 5905: 5859: 5614:. Vol. 1. Routledge. 5605:. Vol. 3. J. Murray. 5212:. Vol. 2. ABC-CLIO. 5138:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 5074:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. 4981:American Family Physician 4878:Lundskow, George (2008). 4642:Hesse, Rayner W. (2007). 4505:10.1136/bmj.319.7225.1627 4363:Tattoos and Body Piercing 2655:www.theleatherjournal.com 1684:, including recession of 1187:Tattoos and Body Piercing 1055:Clinical Nursing Research 867:for their involvement in 198: 6th or 7th century 69:may be worn, or where an 32:Piercing (disambiguation) 27:Form of body modification 6224:Female genital piercings 6191:Unisex genital piercings 5166:Pitts, Victoria (2003). 4530:Folkard, Claire (2004). 4019:Zadik & Sandler 2007 3761:Koenig & Carnes 1999 2593:Townsend, Larry (1983). 1837: 1606:congenital heart disease 725:, which medieval French 113:lip and tongue piercings 6906:Nickel silver (alpacca) 5860:General piercing topics 4686:King, David C. (2007). 4581:Glenday, Craig (2009). 4455:DeMello, Margo (2012). 4432:DeMello, Margo (2007). 4318:Brodsky, David (2006). 4274:British Medical Journal 3838:Medical News Today 2006 3805:10.3390/ijerph182010867 3262:"Dress Code / Overview" 3077:Council. Archived from 2353:McRae & Davies 2006 2288:Weule & Werner 1909 1789:Prince Albert piercings 1315:Body piercing jewellery 1088:prior to the piercing. 1064:Piercing combined with 261:, which was found in a 185:An earring found in an 162:body piercing materials 6371:List of body piercings 6282:Male genital piercings 5547:"Running the Gauntlet" 5254:. Palgrave Macmillan. 5235:. Workman Publishing. 5174:. Palgrave Macmillan. 5149:Ethiopia & Eritrea 5070:Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). 4663:Kern, Stephen (1975). 4584:Guinness World Records 4532:Guinness World Records 4457:Faces Around the World 4240:. The Crossing Press. 4006:Levin & Zadik 2007 3961:Mayo Clinic staff 2008 1822:List of body piercings 1734:The inflammatory phase 1722: 1701:recommends classes in 1610:infective endocarditis 1551: 1466:Needle receiving tubes 1413:The indwelling cannula 1397: 1263: 1164:Crothersville, Indiana 1133:Prince Albert Piercing 1105: 1050: 953: 915:MTV Video Music Awards 909: 772: 573:as well as peoples of 569:, were sported by the 558: 506:Australian Aboriginals 459: 387:The Anatomie of Abuses 350: 311:from melted earrings. 253: 200: 55: 7247:Other natural objects 6345:Reverse Prince Albert 5522:"Who was Doug Malloy" 4587:. Random House, Inc. 2886:, pp. 1426–1428) 1720: 1707:blood-borne pathogens 1590:group A streptococcus 1584:Staphylococcus aureus 1546: 1391: 1272:Guinness World Record 1258: 1243:by American piercer, 1172:Henry County, Georgia 1099: 1044: 1020:gauging or stretching 951: 899: 877:High Court of Justice 758: 593:was found throughout 549: 446: 346:with traditional ear 337: 251: 184: 61:, which is a form of 42: 6722:Wire wrapped jewelry 6702:Repoussé and chasing 5704:on 10 September 2008 5657:. 23 February 2009. 5057:on 26 September 2015 4882:. Pine Forge Press. 4198:(17 November 2006). 2379:Vale & Juno 1989 1971:Deuteronomy 15:12–17 1581:, particularly from 1270:of Brazil holds the 1228:is forbidden by the 1185:According to 2006's 1176:in-school suspension 1037:Reasons for piercing 1033:expression as well. 939:wardrobe malfunction 927:halftime performance 900:A screen shot from " 423:Charles I of England 30:For other uses, see 7264:Ebonite (vulcanite) 5654:The Daily Telegraph 5481:"Father Knows Best" 5378:on 29 November 2008 5193:. Greenwood Press. 4845:on 18 December 2012 4280:(7658): 1426–1428. 4099:, pp. 181–182) 4073:, pp. 180–181) 3763:, pp. 379–385) 2728:, pp. 218–219) 2661:on 28 December 2020 2303:, pp. 395–396) 2190:, pp. 239–240) 2112:, pp. 234–235) 2044:, pp. 370–371) 1832:Suspension piercing 1401:The piercing needle 1283:Luis Antonio Agüero 1278:The Daily Telegraph 863:—were convicted of 403:Henry III of France 222:as the notion that 6609:Jewellery designer 6267:Princess Albertina 5683:J Calif Dent Assoc 5633:on 4 December 2009 5545:Ward, Jim (n.d.). 5479:(9 October 2007). 5371:Medical News Today 5302:on 5 November 2012 5295:The Jerusalem Post 5108:. 18 October 2011. 4608:. Capstone Press. 4346:The New York Times 3864:Currie-McGhee 2006 3851:Currie-McGhee 2006 3681:on 14 January 2012 3630:Currie-McGhee 2006 3303:Currie-McGhee 2006 3287:Currie-McGhee 2006 3030:Currie-McGhee 2006 2958:Currie-McGhee 2006 2945:Currie-McGhee 2006 2931:, pp. 30, 34) 2929:Currie-McGhee 2006 2916:Currie-McGhee 2006 2697:Currie-McGhee 2006 2340:van den Brink 1974 1802:Body jewelry sizes 1774:The Piercing Bible 1723: 1636:and, potentially, 1552: 1398: 1363:Body jewelry sizes 1358:Brown & Sharpe 1299:Robert Jesus Rubio 1264: 1106: 1082:self-mortification 1051: 954: 931:Super Bowl XXXVIII 923:The Piercing Bible 910: 906:Alicia Silverstone 800:Modern Primitivism 773: 699:of the penis. The 559: 479:Ayurvedic medicine 460: 419:Sir Walter Raleigh 367:Eighteenth dynasty 351: 254: 201: 87:subdermal implants 56: 7427:Body modification 7382: 7381: 7299: 7298: 7169:Organic gemstones 6766: 6765: 6379: 6378: 5930:Captive bead ring 5512:978-965-229-341-1 5461:. Leiden: Brill. 5445:978-0-940642-14-0 5330:. Da Capo Press. 5280:978-1-85233-541-0 5261:978-0-230-11032-8 5242:978-0-7611-2822-9 5200:978-0-313-34147-2 5033:on 2 January 2010 5009:The Body Art Book 4987:(10): 2029–2034. 4942:BBC News Magazine 4889:978-1-4129-3721-4 4701:978-0-7614-2680-6 4671:. Bobbs-Merrill. 4655:978-0-313-33507-5 4594:978-0-553-59256-6 4466:978-1-59884-617-1 4447:978-0-313-33695-9 4424:978-3-642-03291-2 4329:978-3-16-149019-4 4247:978-1-58091-193-1 4187:978-0-8276-0584-8 3945:Zadik et al. 2010 3866:, pp. 46–48) 3703:, pp. 58–59) 3317:Texas Bar Journal 3289:, pp. 76–77) 3209:, pp. 17–18) 3187:on 7 October 2013 3006:, pp. 21–22) 2683:, pp. 15–16) 2290:, pp. 55–56) 2175:Pitts-Taylor 2008 2070:, pp. 79–80) 1781:Genital piercings 1697:In addition, the 1661:hypertrophic scar 1548:Hypertrophic scar 1442:Western Australia 1156:Western Australia 1126:heteronormativity 1097: 857:Operation Spanner 845:handkerchief code 735:chastity piercing 733:interpreted as a 561:Lip piercing and 395:Raphael Holinshed 359:Pacific Northwest 63:body modification 16:(Redirected from 7434: 6826:Britannia silver 6775: 6774: 6584: 6583: 6406: 6399: 6392: 6383: 6382: 6032:Facial piercings 5897:Ear piercing gun 5892:Surface piercing 5846: 5839: 5832: 5823: 5822: 5817: 5809: 5808: 5807: 5800: 5792: 5791: 5790: 5780: 5768: 5766: 5748: 5738: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5703: 5697:. 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Mohr Siebeck. 4314: 4312: 4310: 4297: 4264: 4251: 4227: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4206:on 25 March 2009 4191: 4176:(January 1998). 4169: 4167: 4165: 4134: 4127: 4118: 4111: 4100: 4093: 4087: 4080: 4074: 4067: 4061: 4054: 4048: 4041: 4035: 4028: 4022: 4015: 4009: 4002: 3993: 3986: 3980: 3973: 3964: 3957: 3948: 3941: 3935: 3928: 3922: 3915: 3909: 3899: 3893: 3886: 3880: 3873: 3867: 3860: 3854: 3847: 3841: 3834: 3828: 3827: 3817: 3807: 3783: 3777: 3770: 3764: 3757: 3746: 3739: 3733: 3726: 3720: 3713: 3704: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3655:on 13 March 2011 3654: 3647: 3639: 3633: 3626: 3615: 3608: 3599: 3592: 3579: 3572: 3566: 3559: 3553: 3546: 3540: 3533: 3524: 3517: 3508: 3501: 3495: 3488: 3482: 3472: 3466: 3459: 3453: 3446: 3435: 3425: 3416: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3384: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3312: 3306: 3299: 3290: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3229: 3223: 3216: 3210: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3177: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3158:on 19 April 2013 3157: 3150: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3116: 3110: 3100: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3084:on 20 April 2020 3083: 3075:Stockton-on-Tees 3072: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3039: 3033: 3026: 3020: 3013: 3007: 3000: 2994: 2987: 2981: 2974: 2961: 2954: 2948: 2941: 2932: 2925: 2919: 2912: 2903: 2896: 2887: 2884:Bone et al. 2008 2880: 2865: 2858: 2852: 2845: 2839: 2832: 2826: 2816: 2810: 2803: 2797: 2790: 2784: 2777: 2771: 2768:Garnsworthy 2015 2764: 2758: 2751: 2745: 2738: 2729: 2722: 2713: 2706: 2700: 2693: 2684: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2657:. Archived from 2647: 2641: 2631: 2622: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2590: 2584: 2577: 2568: 2561: 2555: 2548: 2542: 2535: 2526: 2519: 2508: 2505:Porterfield 2003 2501: 2484: 2477: 2471: 2464: 2458: 2451: 2445: 2438: 2432: 2430: 2417: 2411: 2404: 2398: 2388: 2382: 2375: 2369: 2362: 2356: 2349: 2343: 2336: 2330: 2323: 2317: 2310: 2304: 2297: 2291: 2284: 2278: 2271: 2265: 2258: 2249: 2242: 2236: 2229: 2220: 2213: 2202: 2197: 2191: 2184: 2178: 2171: 2165: 2158: 2147: 2140: 2131: 2124: 2113: 2106: 2097: 2090: 2084: 2077: 2071: 2064: 2058: 2051: 2045: 2038: 2032: 2025: 2019: 2012: 2006: 1999: 1986: 1979: 1973: 1968: 1962: 1957: 1951: 1946: 1940: 1933: 1927: 1920: 1911: 1904: 1893: 1886: 1880: 1873: 1867: 1860: 1817:Genital piercing 1762:sebaceous glands 1650:Candida albicans 1596:Pseudomonas spp. 1526: 1500: 1427:The dermal punch 1098: 1070:Native Americans 991: 982: 959:mucous membranes 883:and finally the 784:Clip-on earrings 742: 724: 672:genital piercing 658:Genital piercing 585:of Mali and the 575:Papua New Guinea 468: 465: 450:woman with ear, 199: 196: 136: 133: 121:genital piercing 44:Nipple piercings 21: 7442: 7441: 7437: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7432: 7431: 7387: 7386: 7383: 7378: 7337: 7295: 7284:Spondylus shell 7242: 7164: 6935: 6921:Stainless steel 6872: 6856:Sterling silver 6816:Precious metal 6811: 6779:Precious metals 6762: 6726: 6628: 6575: 6415: 6410: 6380: 6375: 6354: 6276: 6218: 6185: 6129: 6120:Tongue frenulum 6098: 6083:Septum piercing 6027: 5969: 5901: 5855: 5850: 5820: 5810: 5805: 5803: 5793: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5779:sister projects 5776:at Knowledge's 5764: 5756: 5751: 5707: 5705: 5701: 5678: 5664: 5662: 5636: 5634: 5581: 5553:on 9 July 2012. 5535: 5533: 5513: 5491: 5489: 5469: 5446: 5424: 5422: 5403: 5401: 5381: 5379: 5355: 5353: 5338: 5305: 5303: 5281: 5262: 5243: 5220: 5201: 5182: 5159: 5131: 5130: 5123: 5121: 5082: 5060: 5058: 5051:Hull Daily Mail 5036: 5034: 5019: 4997: 4995: 4968: 4946: 4944: 4926: 4924: 4909: 4907: 4890: 4868: 4866: 4848: 4846: 4764: 4756:. Lotus Press. 4702: 4679: 4656: 4635: 4616: 4595: 4561: 4542: 4485:"Body piercing" 4467: 4448: 4425: 4395: 4393: 4378: 4350: 4348: 4330: 4308: 4306: 4248: 4226:. Vol. 16. 4209: 4207: 4188: 4163: 4161: 4142: 4137: 4128: 4121: 4112: 4103: 4094: 4090: 4081: 4077: 4068: 4064: 4055: 4051: 4042: 4038: 4029: 4025: 4016: 4012: 4003: 3996: 3987: 3983: 3974: 3967: 3958: 3951: 3942: 3938: 3929: 3925: 3916: 3912: 3900: 3896: 3887: 3883: 3874: 3870: 3861: 3857: 3848: 3844: 3835: 3831: 3784: 3780: 3771: 3767: 3758: 3749: 3740: 3736: 3727: 3723: 3714: 3707: 3698: 3694: 3684: 3682: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3658: 3656: 3652: 3645: 3641: 3640: 3636: 3627: 3618: 3609: 3602: 3593: 3582: 3573: 3569: 3560: 3556: 3547: 3543: 3534: 3527: 3518: 3511: 3502: 3498: 3489: 3485: 3473: 3469: 3460: 3456: 3447: 3438: 3430:Daily Telegraph 3426: 3419: 3410: 3406: 3396: 3394: 3388:"Body Piercing" 3386: 3385: 3381: 3371: 3369: 3359: 3355: 3332: 3328: 3313: 3309: 3300: 3293: 3284: 3280: 3270: 3268: 3260: 3259: 3255: 3230: 3226: 3217: 3213: 3204: 3200: 3190: 3188: 3179: 3178: 3171: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3148: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3129: 3127: 3118: 3117: 3113: 3101: 3097: 3087: 3085: 3081: 3070: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3051: 3049: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3027: 3023: 3019:, p. 1139) 3014: 3010: 3001: 2997: 2988: 2984: 2975: 2964: 2955: 2951: 2942: 2935: 2926: 2922: 2913: 2906: 2900:Romanienko 2011 2897: 2890: 2881: 2868: 2862:McClatchey 2015 2859: 2855: 2846: 2842: 2833: 2829: 2817: 2813: 2804: 2800: 2791: 2787: 2778: 2774: 2765: 2761: 2752: 2748: 2739: 2732: 2723: 2716: 2707: 2703: 2694: 2687: 2678: 2674: 2664: 2662: 2649: 2648: 2644: 2632: 2625: 2616: 2612: 2605: 2591: 2587: 2578: 2571: 2562: 2558: 2549: 2545: 2536: 2529: 2520: 2511: 2502: 2487: 2478: 2474: 2465: 2461: 2452: 2448: 2439: 2435: 2428: 2423:, p. 55) " 2418: 2414: 2405: 2401: 2389: 2385: 2376: 2372: 2363: 2359: 2350: 2346: 2337: 2333: 2324: 2320: 2311: 2307: 2298: 2294: 2285: 2281: 2272: 2268: 2259: 2252: 2243: 2239: 2230: 2223: 2214: 2205: 2198: 2194: 2185: 2181: 2172: 2168: 2159: 2150: 2141: 2134: 2125: 2116: 2107: 2100: 2091: 2087: 2078: 2074: 2065: 2061: 2052: 2048: 2039: 2035: 2026: 2022: 2013: 2009: 2000: 1989: 1980: 1976: 1969: 1965: 1958: 1954: 1947: 1943: 1934: 1930: 1926:, p. xvii) 1921: 1914: 1905: 1896: 1887: 1883: 1874: 1870: 1861: 1844: 1840: 1812:Corset piercing 1798: 1715: 1671:Physical trauma 1654:tongue piercing 1622:corticosteroids 1541: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1527: 1519: 1518: 1501: 1490: 1371: 1347:sterling silver 1323:stainless steel 1312: 1307: 1268:Elaine Davidson 1260:Elaine Davidson 1253: 1147: 1141: 1104:, Hainan, China 1091: 1039: 1031:countercultural 1016:nipple piercing 1012:septum piercing 1008: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1002:Nipple piercing 998:Septum piercing 994: 993: 992: 984: 983: 972: 937:experienced a " 753: 691:, dated to the 664:nipple piercing 662:The history of 660: 650:Nipple piercing 648:Main articles: 646: 591:plates or plugs 544: 542:Tongue piercing 536:Main articles: 534: 518:Nez Perce tribe 471:Mughal emperors 467: 1500 BCE 466: 441: 435: 407:Elizabethan era 381:in their ears. 259:Ötzi the Iceman 246: 240: 197: 179: 139:Western culture 134: 48:vertical labret 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7440: 7430: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7380: 7379: 7377: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7345:Related topics 7342: 7339: 7338: 7336: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7319: 7313: 7307: 7305: 7301: 7300: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7293: 7288: 7287: 7286: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7250: 7248: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7209: 7208: 7203: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7172: 7170: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6946: 6944: 6937: 6936: 6934: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6882: 6880: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6870: 6865: 6864: 6863: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6822: 6820: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6783: 6781: 6772: 6768: 6767: 6764: 6763: 6761: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6734: 6732: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6724: 6719: 6717:Wire sculpture 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6663: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6642: 6636: 6634: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6590: 6588: 6581: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6573: 6572: 6571: 6566: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6425: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6409: 6408: 6401: 6394: 6386: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6373: 6368: 6362: 6360: 6356: 6355: 6353: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6286: 6284: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6228: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6195: 6193: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6137: 6135: 6134:Body piercings 6131: 6130: 6128: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6106: 6104: 6103:Oral piercings 6100: 6099: 6097: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6076: 6071: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6035: 6033: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5979: 5977: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5916: 5914: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5863: 5861: 5857: 5856: 5849: 5848: 5841: 5834: 5826: 5819: 5818: 5816:from Wikiquote 5801: 5772: 5770: 5769: 5755: 5754:External links 5752: 5750: 5749: 5714: 5689:(8): 550–553. 5671: 5643: 5616: 5607: 5598: 5585: 5579: 5564: 5555: 5542: 5532:on 22 May 2016 5517: 5511: 5498: 5473: 5467: 5450: 5444: 5431: 5421:. Ohr Somayach 5410: 5400:. 21 July 1999 5388: 5362: 5342: 5336: 5321: 5312: 5285: 5279: 5266: 5260: 5247: 5241: 5224: 5218: 5205: 5199: 5186: 5180: 5163: 5157: 5144: 5110: 5096: 5086: 5080: 5067: 5043: 5023: 5017: 5004: 4972: 4966: 4953: 4933: 4916: 4894: 4888: 4875: 4855: 4825:(6): 341–343. 4819:Dent Traumatol 4810: 4800:(5): 340–344. 4789: 4768: 4762: 4749: 4706: 4700: 4683: 4677: 4660: 4654: 4639: 4633: 4620: 4614: 4599: 4593: 4578: 4565: 4559: 4546: 4540: 4527: 4480: 4471: 4465: 4452: 4446: 4429: 4423: 4402: 4382: 4376: 4357: 4338:Brody, Jane E. 4334: 4328: 4315: 4265: 4252: 4246: 4228: 4216: 4196:Alvarez, Manny 4192: 4186: 4170: 4160:on 6 June 2010 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4135: 4133:, p. 106) 4119: 4117:, p. 182) 4101: 4088: 4086:, p. 181) 4075: 4062: 4049: 4036: 4023: 4010: 3994: 3981: 3979:, p. 186) 3965: 3949: 3936: 3923: 3910: 3894: 3881: 3868: 3855: 3842: 3829: 3778: 3765: 3747: 3734: 3721: 3705: 3692: 3666: 3634: 3616: 3614:, p. 241) 3600: 3580: 3578:, p. 103) 3567: 3554: 3541: 3525: 3509: 3496: 3483: 3467: 3454: 3452:, p. 105) 3436: 3417: 3404: 3379: 3353: 3326: 3307: 3291: 3278: 3253: 3224: 3211: 3198: 3169: 3137: 3111: 3095: 3059: 3034: 3021: 3008: 2995: 2993:, p. 121) 2982: 2962: 2949: 2933: 2920: 2904: 2888: 2866: 2853: 2840: 2827: 2811: 2798: 2785: 2772: 2759: 2746: 2730: 2714: 2712:, p. 219) 2701: 2685: 2672: 2642: 2623: 2610: 2603: 2585: 2569: 2556: 2543: 2527: 2509: 2507:, p. 356) 2485: 2472: 2459: 2457:, p. 144) 2446: 2444:, p. 248) 2433: 2412: 2410:, p. 163) 2399: 2383: 2381:, p. 104) 2370: 2357: 2344: 2331: 2318: 2316:, p. 207) 2305: 2292: 2279: 2277:, p. 248) 2266: 2264:, p. 209) 2250: 2237: 2235:, p. 397) 2221: 2219:, p. 205) 2203: 2192: 2179: 2177:, p. 365) 2166: 2164:, p. 204) 2148: 2132: 2114: 2098: 2096:, p. 406) 2085: 2083:, p. 233) 2072: 2068:Wilkinson 1837 2059: 2055:Wilkinson 1837 2046: 2042:Wilkinson 1837 2033: 2031:, p. 116) 2020: 2007: 1987: 1974: 1963: 1952: 1941: 1928: 1912: 1894: 1881: 1879:, p. 171) 1868: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1797: 1794: 1754: 1753: 1747: 1737: 1714: 1711: 1691: 1690: 1679: 1668: 1657: 1571: 1528: 1521: 1520: 1515:body jewellery 1503:Two models of 1502: 1495: 1494: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1464: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1438: 1432: 1431:jurisdictions. 1428: 1425: 1414: 1411: 1402: 1394:navel piercing 1370: 1369:Piercing tools 1367: 1319:hypoallergenic 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1252: 1249: 1239:was opened in 1140: 1137: 1038: 1035: 996: 995: 986: 985: 977: 976: 975: 974: 973: 971: 968: 963:fibrous tissue 881:House of Lords 837:Larry Townsend 823:West Hollywood 752: 749: 668:navel piercing 654:Navel piercing 645: 642: 563:lip stretching 533: 530: 437:Main article: 434: 431: 371:ancient Greeks 355:Tlingit people 277:, home of the 239: 236: 205:archaeologists 178: 175: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7439: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7417:2020s fashion 7415: 7413: 7412:2010s fashion 7410: 7408: 7407:2000s fashion 7405: 7403: 7402:1990s fashion 7400: 7398: 7397:Body piercing 7395: 7394: 7392: 7385: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7349:Body piercing 7347: 7344: 7343: 7340: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7323: 7320: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7308: 7306: 7302: 7292: 7289: 7285: 7282: 7281: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7245: 7239: 7238:Tortoiseshell 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7198: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7173: 7171: 7167: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7100: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6975: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6947: 6945: 6943: 6938: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6875: 6869: 6866: 6862: 6859: 6858: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6823: 6821: 6819: 6814: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6780: 6776: 6773: 6769: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6729: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6647: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6631: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6594:Bench jeweler 6592: 6591: 6589: 6585: 6582: 6578: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6561: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6407: 6402: 6400: 6395: 6393: 6388: 6387: 6384: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6363: 6361: 6357: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6340:Prince Albert 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6279: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6242:Clitoral hood 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6221: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6188: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6132: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6101: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6069: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6030: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5975:Ear piercings 5972: 5966: 5965:Nipple shield 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5945:Prince's wand 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5882:Play piercing 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5853:Body piercing 5847: 5842: 5840: 5835: 5833: 5828: 5827: 5824: 5815: 5814: 5802: 5798: 5797: 5785: 5784: 5781: 5775: 5774:Body piercing 5763: 5758: 5757: 5746: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5715: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5677: 5672: 5660: 5656: 5655: 5649: 5644: 5632: 5628: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5613: 5608: 5604: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5586: 5582: 5580:0-486-22548-8 5576: 5572: 5571: 5565: 5561: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5543: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5518: 5514: 5508: 5504: 5499: 5488: 5487: 5482: 5478: 5477:Voss, Brandon 5474: 5470: 5468:90-04-03991-0 5464: 5459: 5458: 5451: 5447: 5441: 5437: 5432: 5420: 5419:Ask the Rabbi 5416: 5411: 5399: 5398: 5393: 5389: 5377: 5373: 5372: 5367: 5363: 5352: 5348: 5343: 5339: 5337:0-306-81166-9 5333: 5329: 5328: 5322: 5318: 5313: 5301: 5297: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5282: 5276: 5272: 5267: 5263: 5257: 5253: 5248: 5244: 5238: 5233: 5232: 5225: 5221: 5219:1-57607-238-X 5215: 5211: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5192: 5187: 5183: 5181:0-312-29311-9 5177: 5172: 5171: 5164: 5160: 5158:1-74104-436-7 5154: 5150: 5145: 5141: 5135: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5106: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5092: 5087: 5083: 5081:1-57607-770-5 5077: 5073: 5068: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5018:0-425-19726-3 5014: 5010: 5005: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4973: 4969: 4967:1-77007-428-7 4963: 4959: 4954: 4943: 4939: 4934: 4923:. Mayo Clinic 4922: 4917: 4906: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4891: 4885: 4881: 4876: 4865: 4861: 4856: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4769: 4765: 4763:81-89093-10-X 4759: 4755: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4721:(6): 379–85. 4720: 4716: 4712: 4707: 4703: 4697: 4692: 4691: 4690:The Nez Perce 4684: 4680: 4678:0-672-52091-5 4674: 4669: 4668: 4661: 4657: 4651: 4647: 4646: 4640: 4636: 4634:0-7661-3694-9 4630: 4626: 4621: 4617: 4615:0-7368-0417-X 4611: 4607: 4606: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4586: 4585: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4566: 4562: 4560:0-7613-2352-X 4556: 4552: 4547: 4543: 4541:1-892051-22-2 4537: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4499:: 1627–1629. 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4481: 4477: 4472: 4468: 4462: 4458: 4453: 4449: 4443: 4438: 4437: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4416: 4411: 4410: 4403: 4392: 4388: 4383: 4379: 4377:1-59018-749-0 4373: 4369: 4365: 4364: 4358: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4325: 4321: 4316: 4305: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4253: 4249: 4243: 4239: 4238: 4233: 4232:Angel, Elayne 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4174:Adler, Rachel 4171: 4159: 4155: 4154: 4149: 4145: 4144: 4132: 4126: 4124: 4116: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4098: 4092: 4085: 4079: 4072: 4066: 4060:, p. 37) 4059: 4053: 4047:, p. 56) 4046: 4040: 4033: 4027: 4020: 4014: 4007: 4001: 3999: 3991: 3985: 3978: 3972: 3970: 3962: 3956: 3954: 3946: 3940: 3933: 3927: 3920: 3914: 3907: 3905: 3898: 3892:, p. 22) 3891: 3885: 3878: 3872: 3865: 3859: 3853:, p. 46) 3852: 3846: 3839: 3833: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3798:(20): 10867. 3797: 3793: 3789: 3782: 3775: 3769: 3762: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3745:, p. 61) 3744: 3738: 3732:, p. 59) 3731: 3725: 3719:, p. 60) 3718: 3712: 3710: 3702: 3696: 3680: 3676: 3670: 3651: 3644: 3638: 3632:, p. 56) 3631: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3613: 3607: 3605: 3598:, p. 58) 3597: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3577: 3571: 3565:, p. 57) 3564: 3558: 3552:, p. 27) 3551: 3545: 3539:, p. 26) 3538: 3532: 3530: 3523:, p. 25) 3522: 3516: 3514: 3507:, p. 21) 3506: 3500: 3493: 3487: 3480: 3478: 3471: 3465:, p. 50) 3464: 3458: 3451: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3433: 3431: 3424: 3422: 3414: 3408: 3393: 3389: 3383: 3368: 3364: 3357: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3330: 3322: 3318: 3311: 3305:, p. 77) 3304: 3298: 3296: 3288: 3282: 3267: 3263: 3257: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3240: 3235: 3228: 3222:, p. 19) 3221: 3215: 3208: 3202: 3186: 3182: 3176: 3174: 3154: 3147: 3141: 3125: 3121: 3115: 3108: 3106: 3099: 3080: 3076: 3069: 3063: 3048: 3044: 3038: 3032:, p. 36) 3031: 3025: 3018: 3012: 3005: 2999: 2992: 2986: 2979: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2960:, p. 28) 2959: 2953: 2947:, p. 34) 2946: 2940: 2938: 2930: 2924: 2918:, p. 29) 2917: 2911: 2909: 2901: 2895: 2893: 2885: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2863: 2857: 2850: 2844: 2837: 2831: 2824: 2822: 2815: 2808: 2802: 2795: 2789: 2782: 2776: 2769: 2763: 2757:, p. 92) 2756: 2750: 2744:, p. 44) 2743: 2737: 2735: 2727: 2721: 2719: 2711: 2705: 2699:, p. 11) 2698: 2692: 2690: 2682: 2676: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2646: 2639: 2637: 2630: 2628: 2621:, p. 95) 2620: 2614: 2606: 2604:0-89237-010-6 2600: 2596: 2589: 2583:, p. 15) 2582: 2576: 2574: 2566: 2565:Ferguson 2000 2560: 2553: 2547: 2540: 2534: 2532: 2525:, p. 16) 2524: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2506: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2482: 2476: 2470:, p. 13) 2469: 2463: 2456: 2450: 2443: 2437: 2426: 2422: 2416: 2409: 2403: 2396: 2394: 2387: 2380: 2374: 2368:, p. 17) 2367: 2361: 2355:, p. 36) 2354: 2348: 2342:, p. 71) 2341: 2335: 2329:, p. 92) 2328: 2322: 2315: 2309: 2302: 2296: 2289: 2283: 2276: 2270: 2263: 2257: 2255: 2247: 2241: 2234: 2233:Hastings 2003 2228: 2226: 2218: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2201: 2200:Genesis 24:22 2196: 2189: 2183: 2176: 2170: 2163: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2146:, p. 13) 2145: 2139: 2137: 2130:, p. 26) 2129: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2111: 2105: 2103: 2095: 2089: 2082: 2076: 2069: 2063: 2057:, p. 79) 2056: 2050: 2043: 2037: 2030: 2024: 2018:, p. 53) 2017: 2011: 2005:, p. 12) 2004: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1967: 1961: 1956: 1950: 1945: 1939:, p. 78) 1938: 1932: 1925: 1919: 1917: 1909: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1891: 1885: 1878: 1872: 1865: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1842: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1827:Play piercing 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1793: 1790: 1786: 1785:clitoral hood 1782: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1719: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1687: 1683: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1598: 1597: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1585: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1568:metal allergy 1565: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1549: 1545: 1535: 1531: 1525: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1506: 1499: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1395: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1366: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1279: 1273: 1269: 1261: 1257: 1251:World records 1248: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1205: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1157: 1152: 1146: 1136: 1134: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1116:, found that 1115: 1110: 1103: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1060: 1059:play piercing 1056: 1048: 1043: 1034: 1032: 1027: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1003: 999: 990: 981: 967: 964: 960: 950: 946: 944: 940: 936: 935:Janet Jackson 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 907: 904:", featuring 903: 898: 894: 892: 891: 886: 882: 878: 873: 872:sadomasochism 870: 866: 862: 858: 853: 850: 846: 842: 838: 833: 831: 830: 824: 820: 816: 812: 807: 805: 801: 797: 796:Fakir Musafar 793: 789: 785: 781: 778: 770: 766: 762: 757: 748: 744: 741: 736: 732: 728: 723: 718: 716: 710: 706: 703:tribesmen of 702: 698: 694: 690: 689: 683: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 659: 655: 651: 641: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 618: 613: 611: 606: 604: 601: 596: 595:Pre-Columbian 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 556: 553: 548: 543: 539: 529: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 482: 480: 476: 472: 457: 453: 449: 445: 440: 439:Nose piercing 433:Nose piercing 430: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 391:Philip Stubbs 388: 382: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 349: 345: 341: 336: 332: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 283: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 250: 245: 235: 233: 229: 226:invented the 225: 224:Prince Albert 221: 220:urban legends 217: 213: 208: 206: 192: 188: 183: 174: 171: 167: 163: 158: 156: 155:World Records 152: 146: 144: 140: 130: 129:Ancient India 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 103:. The oldest 102: 98: 97:nose piercing 94: 90: 88: 84: 83:medical grade 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 59:Body piercing 53: 50:piercing and 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 7384: 7374:Wearable art 7369:Phaleristics 7364:Metalworking 7348: 7269:Gutta-percha 7045:Lapis lazuli 6831:Colored gold 6712:Stonesetting 6350:Transscrotal 6110:Lip frenulum 6039:Anti-eyebrow 5935:Flesh tunnel 5852: 5811: 5799:from Commons 5794: 5773: 5729:(2): 172–5. 5726: 5722: 5706:. Retrieved 5699:the original 5686: 5682: 5663:. Retrieved 5652: 5635:. Retrieved 5631:the original 5624: 5611: 5602: 5593: 5569: 5559: 5551:the original 5534:. Retrieved 5530:the original 5502: 5490:. Retrieved 5486:The Advocate 5484: 5456: 5435: 5423:. Retrieved 5418: 5402:. Retrieved 5395: 5380:. Retrieved 5376:the original 5369: 5354:. Retrieved 5351:Grazia Daily 5350: 5326: 5316: 5304:. Retrieved 5300:the original 5293: 5273:. Springer. 5270: 5251: 5230: 5209: 5190: 5169: 5148: 5134:cite journal 5122:. Retrieved 5117: 5103: 5090: 5071: 5059:. Retrieved 5055:the original 5050: 5035:. Retrieved 5031:the original 5008: 4996:. Retrieved 4984: 4980: 4957: 4945:. Retrieved 4941: 4925:. Retrieved 4908:. Retrieved 4902: 4879: 4867:. Retrieved 4863: 4847:. Retrieved 4843:the original 4822: 4818: 4797: 4793: 4779:(4): 48–50. 4776: 4772: 4753: 4718: 4714: 4689: 4666: 4644: 4624: 4604: 4583: 4573: 4550: 4531: 4492: 4488: 4475: 4459:. ABC-Clio. 4456: 4435: 4408: 4394:. Retrieved 4391:Vogue Arabia 4390: 4362: 4349:. Retrieved 4345: 4319: 4307:. Retrieved 4277: 4273: 4260: 4236: 4223: 4208:. Retrieved 4204:the original 4177: 4162:. Retrieved 4158:the original 4151: 4091: 4078: 4065: 4052: 4039: 4026: 4013: 3984: 3939: 3926: 3913: 3903: 3897: 3884: 3877:Alvarez 2006 3871: 3858: 3845: 3832: 3795: 3791: 3781: 3768: 3737: 3724: 3695: 3683:. Retrieved 3679:the original 3669: 3657:. Retrieved 3650:the original 3637: 3570: 3557: 3544: 3499: 3486: 3476: 3470: 3463:Folkard 2004 3457: 3450:Glenday 2009 3429: 3407: 3395:. Retrieved 3382: 3370:. 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Retrieved 2659:the original 2654: 2645: 2635: 2613: 2594: 2588: 2559: 2546: 2475: 2462: 2449: 2436: 2424: 2421:Brodsky 2006 2415: 2402: 2392: 2386: 2373: 2360: 2347: 2334: 2321: 2308: 2295: 2282: 2275:DeMello 2007 2269: 2262:DeMello 2007 2248:, p. 5) 2240: 2217:DeMello 2007 2195: 2188:DeMello 2012 2182: 2169: 2162:DeMello 2007 2094:Prisant 2003 2088: 2075: 2062: 2049: 2036: 2023: 2010: 1977: 1966: 1955: 1949:Genesis 35:4 1944: 1931: 1884: 1871: 1866:, p. 2) 1778: 1773: 1755: 1749: 1739: 1733: 1728: 1724: 1696: 1692: 1646:colonization 1614:hemophiliacs 1595: 1589: 1583: 1557: 1553: 1436:piercing gun 1384: 1372: 1355: 1313: 1290:Brent Moffat 1287: 1276: 1265: 1234: 1223: 1213:, including 1208: 1189:, corporate 1186: 1184: 1161: 1148: 1130: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1063: 1054: 1052: 1028: 1024: 1009: 970:21st century 955: 922: 911: 888: 861:Alan Oversby 854: 840: 834: 827: 819:The Gauntlet 808: 774: 745: 714: 693:Gupta Empire 686: 684: 675: 661: 614: 607: 583:Dogon people 579:Amazon basin 560: 538:Lip piercing 483: 461: 405:and then to 386: 383: 352: 255: 238:Ear piercing 215: 209: 202: 168:, excessive 159: 147: 143:World War II 125:Ancient Rome 93:Ear piercing 91: 74: 58: 57: 36: 7311:Art jewelry 7135:Tiger's eye 7040:Labradorite 6990:Chrysocolla 6985:Chrysoberyl 6901:Mokume-gane 6878:Base metals 6650:centrifugal 6619:Silversmith 6494:Ferronnière 6444:Belt buckle 6439:Belly chain 6335:Magic cross 6089:Nose bridge 5872:Scalpelling 5665:15 December 5492:25 November 5382:27 November 5037:15 December 5011:. 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