357:
law, it describes the origins of
Pingelap lineage to the people of Yap and the discovery of Pikelap by these two Yapese siblings. The older brother was said to have returned to Kosrae to marry a Kosraean woman whom he had met and fell in love with before their voyage and discovery of the island of Pikelap. It also describes a time when descendants of Kosrae became local residents of Pingelap which ultimately linked their influence and reign over the people of Pingelap which resulted in the integration of language similarities between the two islands. It describes a history between Pingelap and Pohnpei through the conquest of Nan Madol and the integration and language similarities between the two islands. It also describes that while voyaging to Pohnpei for the conquest of Nan Madol, the prominent legendary warrior known as Isoah Kaelaekael, or known by
1959:
orthography could have been due to emigration out of the
Pingelap and into Pohnpei, increasing the use of the Pohnpeian alphabet. Most people who speak Pingelapese use Pohnpeic orthography for administrative and educational purposes and early orthography for history and legends of Pingelap. There are great differences between early orthography and Pohneic orthography when it comes to phonemic distinction. Some of these differences can alter the meaning of some words in Pingelapese. Some other differences are the number of vowels. Pingelapese has eight and Pohnpeian orthography has only six. This means that the distinction of some of the vowels in Pingelapese are underrepresented in Pohnpeic. These changes cause drastic ambiguity that context cannot fix, such as tense change.
1455:
active verb occurs if the action is performed by the subject. There is a specific word order for intransitive sentences too. This word is order
Subject-Verb. Referring back to the previous example, Richard (subject) winked (verb). There are also cases when the word order used is Verb-Subject for intransitive sentence structure, however not all intransitive verbs can use the Verb-Subject word order. Verb-Subject word order is only available in Pingelapese when referencing unaccusative verbs or by discourse pragmatics. Intransitive sentences also known as "existential" have a postverbal subject the majority of the time. Intransitive verbs only have one solid grammatical relation which is the subject of the sentence. When the verb is active the entity is doing the action.
341:, now known worldwide as the island of Pingelap, by two Yapese brothers who sailed from Yap in search of a new life beyond the shores of Yap as opposed to many island folklores of mystical island creation by mythological creatures or a demi-god being who, after being delivered out of his mother's womb, stood up strong and ran, skipped infancy and childhood, and instantly became a man. Other versions of oral history taken in account by locals who have no traditional historical background as opposed to those with traditional historical background make it difficult to decipher approximately when the one known Kosraean term found in the Pingelapese language, which is
1464:
known. If a character is already known, the verb would be used in the preverbal position This form has a dominant post-verbal subject order. Post-verbal subjects allow new characters to be introduced or new and unknown events to happen. Existential sentences make a claim that something either exists or it does not. There are not many verbs of existential origin in
Pingelapese. These include “minae” (to exist), “soh” (to not exist), “dir” (to exist in large numbers), and “daeri” (to be finished). All four of these verbs use a postverbal subject. These words are generally used when introducing characters of a story. .
2730:
366:" given only to a Mwokillese man greatly respected by Pohnpeiani in Madolenihmw's traditional ranks. Historically, Pingelapese named their children based on a special feature or foreseen ability or destiny upon birth. For example, Doahkaesa Iengiringir was named Iengiringir for having large feet that made the grounds tremble whenever he walked. Iengiringir is loosely translated in the English language as "rumble or tremble" relating to the low rumble of the ocean waves crashing in the horizon.
254:
linguists like
Leilani Welley-Biza sharing knowledge from her elders, significant cultural/historical connections to the Pingelapese language have been more thoroughly documented and preserved, to be passed down between generations. The Doahkaesa and King of Pingelap, His Majesty Dr. Berysin D. Salomon, and His Majesty's chosen traditional leaders, through the Pingelapese customary rite, strive to maintain the traditional language and the cultural/historical heritage of the people of Pingelap.
1446:
be a direct object, meaning someone or something has to be the recipient of the action verb. For example, Susan drank the water. Two participants must be involved to have a transitive sentence. There is also a fixed word order: subject-transitive verb-object. For example, Susan (subject) filled (transitive verb) the cup (object). If the verb is active in a transitive sentence, the subject's semantic role is the agent. The object's semantic role would be the patient. (Payne 2006:105-107)
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believe that the current
Pohnpeian language is the main language of the main island and its outer atolls. To what extent is arguably unknown because many still argue today despite the many attempts conducted by foreign researchers who were researching the origin of language in the less-likely of areas and with people who had no rich historical, cultural, and traditional background and the language of the islands in question to begin with. For example, the Pohnpeian word
1930:
In
Pingepalese, the word for the verb "to swim" would be "pap", but the word for continuously swimming would be "pahpap", while "still swimming" would be "pahpahpap". If the consonants are not homorganic with each other, a vowel is inserted in between the two consonants to break them up. For example, the verb meaning "to dance" is "wen". The continuous action of "dancing" would be conveyed as "wenewen", while "still dancing" would be "wenewenewen".
202:
502:
268:
2620:
subject agreement set or an independent pronoun set. Unlike
English, Pingelapese subject pronouns can come in singular, dual, and plural forms, indicating the number of listeners the speaker is addressing. The following table gives some examples of subject pronouns in their singular, dual, and plural
1933:
The most common form of reduplication comes in the same phoneme count as the aforementioned examples, three. The second most common occurrence of reduplication and triplication are in the replication of the first four phonemes. A few four phoneme reduplication examples are as follows: "kusupaek" (the
1929:
Oftentimes reduplication and triplication produce consonant clusters. There are two ways that the language handles these consonant clusters. The first being, if the consonants are homorganic, the first would be left out and the next vowel is lengthened. An example of this would be the verb "to swim".
1150:
The
Pingelapese language incorporates at least five sets of numeral classifiers. These classifiers combine numbers and nouns. The nouns must have some sort of relation to the object for example, how it is shaped or how it is used. Each of these set designates a different set of words to represent the
574:
Typhoons have frequently devastated the
Pingelapese population. As a consequence of the Pingelapese population decreasing to a handful of typhoon survivors, inbreeding occurred among multiple Pingelapese generations, and genetic disorders such as achromatopsia (color blindness) now affect almost 1 in
390:
into their language and used it, specifically, for a person of high traditional or political rank or of great respect. During this era, the Germans took the traditional Pohnpeian rite of having one paramount chief or king of the island and divided the island into 5 municipalities and erected 5 rulers
336:
Popular Pohnpeian legends passed down in oral history have created an endless controversy over the origins of the Pingelapese people, or any outer island of Pohnpei for that matter, suggesting possible origins from the people of Kosrae in the Legend of Nahwehlap, or a differing ancestry claimed to be
328:
Pingelapese is a Micronesian member of the Austronesian language family. It is closely related to other languages within the Chuukic-Pohnpeic branch, sharing 83% lexical similarity with Mokilese and sharing 79% lexical similarity with Pohnpeian. Approximately 5,000 years ago, the Austronesian peoples
2141:
Pingelapese has ten syllables and eight vowel phonemes. This is the first recorded Pohnpeic language that has an eight-vowel system. Multiple young and elderly Pingelapese speakers in the Mwalok and Pingelap atoll can confirm this recent discovery of the eighth vowel. This is also the first Pohnpeic
1463:
Existential sentences are the third type of sentence structure used. Normally existential sentences that have a post-verbal subject are used in the beginning of a story to introduce new characters or objects that have not been referenced before. These verbs are not used when the character is already
1445:
The first type of sentence, transitive, use transitive verbs. Transitive verbs have two main characteristics. The first characteristic is that it must be an action verb expressing an activity that can physically be done. For example, drink, sit, or drive. The second characteristic is that there must
578:
With the introduction of Christianity and the Church, the Pingelapese community has accepted the role of the church, which has a strong presence and has become an integral part of the Pingelapese lifestyle since being established in the 19th century. Christmas is considered the biggest annual event.
253:
Although the official language of the Pohnpei State is English, 200 of the 250 Pingelap atoll residents and 1,200 Pohnpei residents speak Pingelapese. The Pingelapese language is used for face-to-face communication among speakers of all ages. It is classified as a vigorous language. With the help of
1946:
There is a significant literacy challenge when it comes to learning Pingelapese. There are few study materials available to elementary school student to teach them Pingelapese, and therefore it is common for students to learn only English and Pohnpeian. Children often have a difficult time learning
1942:
Many native speakers of Pingelapese have little practice reading and writing in their language. On the atoll and in other areas, Pingelapese speakers speak Pingelapese at home and at church. English and Pohnpeian are the main languages of education and administrative communication. Because of this,
1925:
The Pingelapese language uses reduplication and triplication. Reduplication is used to show that a verb is being acted continuously. An example of this would be "wou", which means "to bark", and "wouwou", which means "barking". Triplication shows that the action is "still" happening. Using the same
1141:
In the Pingelapese culture, Monday is the first day of the week. The names for the days of the week come from the Pingelapese non-specific object numeral set. This number follows the prefix "niy-" to become the word designated for the day of the week. For example, the Pingelapese word for Monday is
487:
is one of four villages in Pingelap. In the Pingelapese oral traditional history, Saelaepas, who is a prominent legendary warrior in the conquest of Nan Madol, is a native of Saekaraekapw. This community is found in Madolenihmw, the once presumed-capital of the once ruthless ruler of Pohnpei living
415:
in Pohnpeian. According to Pohnpeian oral history, these larger-than-normal pots were introduced to Pohnpeian from a military personnel who came from the military post in Kwajalein during the US occupation of Micronesia after the 2nd World War and since then has been incorporated into the Pohnpeian
356:
In the Pingelapese traditional oral history, formerly held by the Nahno of Pingelap - a traditional title given by the first Ouwa whose one purpose is to keep the Pingelapese oral history and pass on the traditional oral history to the Ouwa and his descendants as decreed by Pingelapese traditional
2230:
Low vowel dissimilation is a phonological process in which there are two low vowels in successive syllables, the first of which is raised. It is seen in various Micronesian languages as well as Ere, Southern Paamese, and in the Southern Vanuatu subgroup. Pingelapese is the first Pohnpeic language
1746:
Pingelapese also uses reduplication. This can be either partial or total reduplication when speaking with durative meaning. Triplification is also used. Generally a part of a verb or a whole verb is repeated to communicate continuative meaning. The only other languages that use triplification are
1472:
In most Micronesian languages, a verb may not be required. Some sentences, called equational sentences, use one noun phrase to identify or locate another noun phrase, without the need of a verbal element. One of the nouns is used to indicate location and the other noun is used for identification.
1454:
The second sentence structure used in Pingelapese would be intransitive verb sentences. An intransitive verb has no object attached to it. For example, Richard winked. In Pingelapese must be a stative verb or an active verb. A stative verb is when the person or object is affected by said verb. An
1519:
Similar to other languages, words in Pingelapese can take different forms to add to or even change their meanings. Verbal suffixes are morphemes added at the end of a word to change its form. Pingelapese uses many verbal suffixes, but few verbal prefixes. Prefixes are those that are added at the
570:
Foreign influence has altered the stability of the Pingelapese community, encouraging natives to leave their homeland and move to other more populated areas or to the U.S. (incentivizing emigration under contract in the Federated States of Micronesia to work and study elsewhere, or enlist in the
369:
Although many Pohnpeian and Kosraean islanders may disagree with the Pingelap traditional oral history, one way of finding one's origins where there is very little to no evidence that may support any theory of origin is to look into the language of the group(s) of people in question. Many people
1510:
Direct questions are mostly asked with a question word, but when a question word is excluded from the sentence, a question is distinguished by a non-falling final intonation (remains steady or slightly spiked intonation). The question words are as follows: "ish" means "who", "dah" means "what",
1958:
It has been reported that around fifty years ago there was an early orthography taught at the Pingelap elementary atoll. It is not known to many people, but elderly Pingelapese people have confirmed it. It is not actively used or taught in schools despite efforts to revive it. The loss of this
1954:
Unlike many other Micronesian languages, the Pingelapese people were never able to form a proper orthography committee board. The purpose of this board is to develop an official and agreed upon writing system. This has left the Pingelapese language with different spellings of its documents and
562:
Since the introduction of democracy into the Micronesian regions, the Pingelapese people were grouped together with the remaining outer islands of Pohnpei to create the political State of Pohnpei. Other cultural influences are evident in Pingelapese history. The Spanish era is portrayed in the
410:
Pohnpeians are well known for using a name of a place to identify a food or object completely foreign to the island, or an area referring to the person's native land before settling themselves in Pohnpei. For the example of a foreign object: a very large and thick steel pot is called
361:
as Isokelekel, met with their rivaling neighbors, the people of Mwoakilloa, to recruit warriors to fight in the conquest of Nan Madol resulting in the recruitment of one such Mwokillese warrior named "Nahparadak" which is now a Pohnpeian traditional title called
1950:
The difficulty of learning how to read and write in Pingelapese may also be due to an inadequate alphabet suited to the language. This along with the lack of training in the language makes many people reluctant to write in Pingelapese.
403:. The Japanese tried to teach the locals of what electricity is while using the Japanese language, and the locals mistook the meaning of the Japanese word denki as light bulb. As a result, the Pohnpeian word for "light bulb" is "
1428:
When reading a number in Pingelapse, start with the biggest number first and read the smaller numbers in succession. An example of this would be as follows: the number 1,769 would be spoken as "kid isipwiki woneisaek duoau".
1477:
are used in Pingelapese as auxiliary verbs, which are verbs that are used to supplement other verbs. These auxiliary verbs can be used independently to equate two noun phrases. They can also be used to indicate a question.
243:. This atoll is the homeland to the Pingelapese people, consisting of a three-square mile range of uninhabited small coral islets, Daekae and Sukora, and the inhabited islet, Pingelap. These islands partially make up the
416:
language to describe the largest steel pot found in almost many Pohnpeian family kitchen or local cook houses. For the example of a foreign food: Pohnpeian named many fruits and other foods from where they came from -
1750:
Directional suffixes are not limited to motion verbs. When added to non-motion verbs, their meanings are a figurative one. The following table gives some examples of directional suffixes and their possible meanings.
1347:
For numbers greater that nine, there is only one word for each numeral. They no longer vary depending on what they are being used to count. The Pingepalese words for numbers greater than 9 are as follows:
571:
United States military for a better living standard). More promising financial opportunities for the Pingelapese people, meant prioritizing the education of foreign languages over their native language.
250:
Because of natural disasters and emigration consequent to European and U.S. influence, the local population of the Pingelapese people is small. There are at least 2,000 Pingelapese people worldwide.
2624:
Pingelapese also has auxiliary verbs and pronouns together. This is a concept known as pronoun-auxiliary complex. This is a concept strictly known in Pingelapese and no other Micronesian languages.
3134:
3557:
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by the Spaniards. After the Spaniards were the Japanese, and the bilateral relationship created between both groups is still evident at World War II sites in the southern part of Pingelap.
1943:
Pingelapese people have proficiency reading and writing in English and Pohnpeian, but few people are able to read or write Pingelapese, leaving it to be a predominantly spoken language.
1473:
There is also an auxiliary verb located in between the two nouns. Pingelapese has a similar sentence type, although instead of a verbless construction it employs a verbal construction.
480:. For the example of renaming an area for which the settler originally came from: In Pohnpei, there is only one community within a municipality that is also, surprisingly, called
407:". Before the era of the 5 Nahnmwarkis of the main island of Pohnpei, there was only one Paramount King of the newly conquered Pohnpei, and before that the Saudeleur Dynasty.
3127:
1437:
The Pingelapese language has four major types of sentences. These four are transitive sentences, intransitive sentences, existential sentences, and equational sentences.
563:
Pingelapese dance called "Din Dihn" which is loosely translated in English to "Tin Tin". The dance reflects the introduction of the durable foreign material called
11992:
3120:
1142:"niyaehd". The words for the other days of the months are as follows: niyari (Tuesday), niyesil (Wednesday), niyaepang (Thursday), and niyalim (Friday).
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coming of surf over reef in low tide) would be reduplicated as "kusukusupaek" and "kerir" (to love in secret) would be reduplicated as "kerikerir".
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3143:
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There are also directional suffixes that when added to the root word give the listener a better idea of where the subject is headed. The verb
8352:
212:
1598:- is an example of a verbal prefix. It is added to the beginning of a word and means ‘not.’ The following sentence is an example of how
11987:
2616:
Subject pronouns are personal pronouns that are used as the subject of a verb. In Pingelapese, subject pronouns originated from either
12007:
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in Nan Madol, Saudeleur. Today, this community's traditional leader is given the Pohnpeian traditional title called "Selepat."
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voyaged eastward from Taiwan, and eventually made it to Micronesia about 3,000 years later. Morton et al. estimated that the
289:
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The degree of language used differs between communities. All of the Pingelap communities have experienced language shift.
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in Belgium, Germany. Pohnpeian's integrated the German word and made it their own and today calls each village chief
315:
531:
297:
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During the Japanese era, the Japanese introduced electricity to the island and called it using the Japanese word
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240:
41:
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The Pingelapese language consists of a total of thirty-five phonemes. There are 11 consonants and 14 vowels.
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103:
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system that has a more symmetrical vowel system with vowels in four heights and vowels in four heights.
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have resided on Pingelap for 1,000 years, nearly 800 years before any European contact were to be recorded.
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how to read and write both Pingelapese and Pohnpeian, often incorrectly correlating sounds and letters.
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Stand alone auxiliary verbs are also a constant in Pingelapese. These verbs are created by taking the
11580:
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was introduced to the Pingelapese vocabulary. According to the Pingelapese traditional oral history,
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In the Pohnpeic languages, geminate obstruents are realized as homorganic nasal-obstruent clusters.
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In the Pohnpeic languages, geminate obstruents are realized as homorganic nasal-obstruent clusters.
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linked to the people of Yap in the Legend of Yap. The Legend of Yap states the discovery of the
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2871:. Historic Preservation Fund Grant Department of Land and Natural Resources. pp. 15–16.
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is used when the speaker is uncertain of his statement. Example sentences are shown below.
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8234:
8189:
8130:
8120:
8063:
8032:
7946:
7888:
7748:
7722:
7678:
7663:
7653:
7509:
7504:
7484:
7392:
7320:
7310:
7190:
7170:
7063:
6973:
6890:
6704:
6669:
6654:
6611:
6586:
6558:
6548:
6528:
6523:
6491:
6471:
6446:
6407:
6391:
6294:
6279:
6045:
6010:
5934:
5869:
5824:
5819:
5809:
5741:
5428:
5386:
5310:
5270:
5240:
5140:
5130:
5120:
5110:
5068:
4808:
4785:
4750:
4676:
4661:
4534:
4494:
4476:
4458:
4448:
4420:
4335:
4271:
4125:
4072:
3923:
3801:
3704:
3485:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3406:
3398:
3367:
3264:
3259:
3234:
3209:
3178:
3173:
3096:
3071:
3046:
3021:
2996:
2971:
2946:
2921:
2887:
2806:
2617:
2453:
799:
90:
11775:
11334:
10543:
8894:
8433:
7387:
5794:
5476:
12002:
11893:
11869:
11849:
11793:
11780:
11755:
11720:
11690:
11680:
11602:
11510:
11495:
11403:
11189:
11122:
11117:
10960:
10950:
10940:
10900:
10895:
10832:
10799:
10784:
10764:
10694:
10561:
10517:
10507:
10492:
10487:
10378:
10342:
10332:
10327:
10307:
10282:
10267:
10197:
10012:
9992:
9977:
9972:
9962:
9957:
9904:
9745:
9720:
9710:
9695:
9642:
9539:
9513:
9488:
9432:
9376:
9238:
9144:
8968:
8943:
8845:
8825:
8750:
8612:
8564:
8546:
8375:
8300:
8254:
8249:
8218:
8141:
8085:
8080:
8069:
8048:
7951:
7893:
7878:
7868:
7758:
7701:
7618:
7613:
7580:
7575:
7538:
7519:
7514:
7479:
7377:
7330:
7300:
7295:
7195:
6993:
6943:
6928:
6900:
6841:
6804:
6774:
6659:
6626:
6616:
6596:
6568:
6518:
6481:
6451:
6380:
6317:
6268:
6141:
6076:
6061:
5940:
5921:
5861:
5844:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5599:
5574:
5554:
5549:
5441:
5348:
5163:
5145:
5056:
4959:
4954:
4926:
4903:
4813:
4765:
4755:
4722:
4712:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4587:
4509:
4499:
4484:
4469:
4463:
4428:
4359:
4345:
4310:
4305:
4261:
4224:
4219:
4204:
4097:
4007:
3974:
3931:
3825:
3779:
3774:
3636:
3441:
3345:
3285:
3229:
3157:
2838:
2238:
from the pronoun auxiliary complex and will leave the person/number morphemes out.
1983:
244:
11294:
11222:
11217:
11212:
10955:
9406:
8996:
7427:
7142:
11912:
11907:
11734:
11627:
11515:
11365:
11354:
11304:
11279:
11089:
11045:
10990:
10985:
10837:
10779:
10774:
10759:
10714:
10699:
10657:
10652:
10512:
10482:
10414:
10388:
10347:
10277:
10262:
10257:
10237:
10212:
10172:
10093:
10083:
10078:
10068:
10048:
10033:
10007:
9922:
9884:
9869:
9849:
9844:
9799:
9773:
9725:
9705:
9657:
9652:
9637:
9612:
9567:
9549:
9544:
9534:
9528:
9523:
9493:
9473:
9448:
9443:
9427:
9346:
9301:
9290:
9217:
9160:
9042:
9006:
8991:
8973:
8899:
8876:
8871:
8778:
8735:
8729:
8719:
8702:
8632:
8617:
8602:
8559:
8513:
8459:
8438:
8364:
8290:
8285:
8264:
8229:
8194:
8184:
8179:
8173:
8058:
8009:
7936:
7931:
7903:
7858:
7834:
7814:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7753:
7732:
7691:
7658:
7648:
7546:
7524:
7494:
7458:
7422:
7417:
7382:
7362:
7325:
7315:
7287:
7130:
7104:
7094:
7042:
7037:
6836:
6794:
6784:
6739:
6734:
6719:
6674:
6553:
6513:
6322:
6304:
6289:
6233:
6209:
6136:
6121:
5990:
5968:
5899:
5804:
5746:
5731:
5671:
5594:
5579:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5381:
5333:
5259:
5254:
5031:
4969:
4936:
4921:
4848:
4730:
4702:
4694:
4592:
4559:
4443:
4372:
4239:
4209:
4130:
4107:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4022:
4012:
3936:
3851:
3846:
3819:
3726:
3686:
3681:
3654:
3411:
3188:
2182:
2100:
2014:
1993:
72:
7412:
193:
11965:
11834:
11705:
11637:
11474:
11319:
11299:
11242:
11179:
11100:
11050:
11040:
11035:
11015:
11000:
10980:
10885:
10875:
10870:
10842:
10684:
10679:
10647:
10537:
10527:
10477:
10462:
10409:
10393:
10357:
10322:
10222:
10128:
10118:
10113:
10002:
9982:
9967:
9927:
9899:
9894:
9864:
9839:
9829:
9819:
9809:
9804:
9783:
9755:
9740:
9715:
9667:
9662:
9647:
9554:
9518:
9503:
9498:
9483:
9463:
9437:
9416:
9411:
9401:
9351:
9311:
9285:
9269:
9259:
9243:
9233:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9087:
9072:
9016:
9011:
9001:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8866:
8815:
8745:
8597:
8592:
8587:
8518:
8454:
8412:
8151:
8146:
8125:
8115:
7988:
7853:
7829:
7819:
7797:
7717:
7696:
7628:
7623:
7590:
7372:
7264:
7099:
7006:
6960:
6852:
6831:
6799:
6789:
6769:
6729:
6714:
6664:
6649:
6591:
6543:
6476:
6423:
6359:
6228:
6181:
6111:
6035:
5963:
5945:
5889:
5884:
5834:
5814:
5736:
5726:
5702:
5691:
5589:
5584:
5569:
5543:
5528:
5523:
5436:
5418:
5321:
5300:
5208:
5193:
5188:
5173:
5168:
5135:
5125:
5115:
5080:
5073:
4999:
4898:
4893:
4833:
4740:
4564:
4549:
4524:
4300:
4266:
4214:
4145:
4135:
4092:
4027:
4017:
3856:
3768:
3715:
3709:
3626:
3618:
3533:
3466:
2197:
956:
137:
2744:
11981:
11839:
11803:
11339:
11324:
11314:
11284:
11262:
11232:
11184:
11055:
11020:
11010:
10965:
10852:
10847:
10827:
10819:
10719:
10704:
10689:
10664:
10641:
10636:
10617:
10602:
10576:
10522:
10502:
10317:
10297:
10252:
10247:
10192:
10138:
10123:
10108:
10073:
10043:
9947:
9937:
9932:
9859:
9854:
9834:
9814:
9778:
9730:
9690:
9685:
9632:
9622:
9607:
9508:
9458:
9165:
8948:
8653:
8637:
8569:
8554:
8523:
8508:
8498:
8493:
8417:
8386:
8305:
8259:
8223:
8135:
8075:
8053:
7982:
7977:
7863:
7824:
7668:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7605:
7585:
7453:
7340:
7335:
7277:
7272:
7236:
7058:
7011:
7001:
6857:
6779:
6724:
6621:
6563:
6412:
6312:
6284:
6274:
6131:
6081:
6071:
6056:
6025:
5929:
5904:
5894:
5879:
5874:
5751:
5696:
5666:
5661:
5183:
4818:
4229:
3992:
3963:
3941:
3796:
3721:
3644:
3547:
2717:
2155:
2005:
1955:
records. For example, the name has been spelt as both Pingilap and Pingelap.
11030:
10612:
10607:
10467:
10287:
10133:
10018:
9987:
9889:
9735:
9391:
9021:
8622:
8607:
7883:
7570:
7407:
6809:
6106:
6015:
6005:
5985:
4775:
144:
164:
8475:
6126:
6116:
6040:
6030:
4351:
3562:
2167:
2150:
2120:
3296:
2850:
2722:
2227:
One of the consistent rules throughout Micronesia is vowel-shortening.
2212:
2160:
358:
2246:
2080:
1643:
means to walk. A directional suffix can be used to give more detail.
592:
173:
157:
2842:
955:
The Pingelapese language has a calendar system corresponding to the
501:
267:
201:
3142:
232:
51:
391:
to each border area, which is similar to the Kingdom of Belgium's
2829:
Bender, Byron W. (2003). "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 1".
2047:
6253:
209:
378:
during the German occupation of Pohnpei. Loosely translated,
236:
3895:
1482:
is used when the speaker is certain of his statement and
564:
1524:
means ‘with’ or ‘at.’ It is added at the end of a verb.
208:
Pingelapese is classified as Severely Endangered by the
8339:
7217:
959:. There are 12 months associated with this calendar
1926:example, "wou-wou-wou" would mean "still barking".
2995:. Canberra, Aus: Pacific Linguistics. p. 43.
2970:. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 10–11.
1920:
11979:
11993:Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia
3144:Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia
3020:. Cannabera: Pacific Linguistics. p. 29.
2920:. Australia: Canberra, A.C.T. pp. 9, 10.
2742:
3578:
3545:
3312:
3128:
2608:The reflex is *∅ sporadically before PMc *e.
1815:Action continued to a certain point in time
947:The reflex is *∅ sporadically before PMc *e.
1802:Change has caused the start of a new state
1520:front. For example, the Pingelapese suffix –
1041:Each date of the month has a specific name:
2824:
2822:
582:
530:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
296:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3592:
3585:
3571:
3319:
3305:
3135:
3121:
200:
3326:
550:Learn how and when to remove this message
316:Learn how and when to remove this message
239:belonging to the state of Pohnpei in the
3556:) is being considered for deletion. See
2819:
2746:Pingelapese language identity and status
1498:Calvin daekah Brenda ae soaun-padahk-pwi
213:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
2886:. Pacific Linguistics. pp. 11–12.
2800:
1490:Calvin daekah Brenda e soaun-padahk-pwi
14:
11980:
3605:
2828:
2231:that demonstrates this process.
1747:Tibetan, Chintang, Batwana, and Thao.
386:Pohnpeians integrated the German word
349:is the Pikelapese term for King while
8338:
7216:
5920:
5055:
3897:Western branches of Malayo–Polynesian
3894:
3878:
3877:
3604:
3566:
3300:
3116:
3095:. Pacific Linguistics. pp. 2–4.
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
1432:
3090:
3065:
3040:
3015:
2990:
2965:
2940:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2881:
2862:
2860:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
1633:{to be correct} {} {to be incorrect}
528:adding citations to reliable sources
495:
448:is loosely translated in English to
294:adding citations to reliable sources
261:
257:
8341:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
7219:Central Malayo-Polynesian languages
3070:. Pacific Linguistics. p. 31.
3045:. Pacific Linguistics. p. 30.
2945:. Pacific Linguistics. p. 10.
2866:
1505:
24:
11961:? indicates classification dispute
3529:? indicates classification dispute
2803:Preverbal Particles in Pingelapese
2711:
1502:‘Calvin and Brenda are teachers?”
1494:‘Calvin and Brenda are teachers.”
950:
25:
12019:
11988:Endangered Austronesian languages
3560:to help reach a consensus. ›
2900:
2857:
2763:
2129:
2109:
2089:
2071:
2064:
2052:
2038:
2031:
2019:
575:every 20 Pingelapese descendant.
3093:Papers is Kosraean and Ponaepeic
3043:Papers in Kosraean and Ponaepeic
2993:Papers in Kosraean and Ponaepeic
2884:Papers is Kosraean and Ponaepeic
2728:
500:
266:
3084:
3068:Papers in Kosraean and Ponapeic
3059:
3034:
3018:Papers in Kosraean and Ponaepei
3009:
2984:
2968:Papers in Kosraean and Ponapeic
2943:Papers in Kosraean and Ponapeic
2918:Papers in Kosraean and Ponapeic
2753:from the original on 2021-12-13
1589:{to be good} {} {to be good at}
1177:(such as couples, stream, land)
353:is the Kosraean term for King.
2959:
2934:
2875:
2736:
1937:
1921:Reduplication and triplication
1723:away from speaker and listener
1036:
374:is taken from the German word
241:Federated States of Micronesia
13:
1:
12008:Severely endangered languages
2869:Pingelap Non-Sacred Knowledge
2743:EnduringVoices (2013-10-17),
2704:
1514:
1181:things that are not specific
382:in the English dictionary is
11958:* indicates proposed status
3526:* indicates proposed status
2210:
2165:
1962:
1167:(such as men, fish or birds)
7:
11845:Futuna-Aniwa / West Futunan
2611:
1468:Verbal equational sentences
1145:
10:
12024:
3281:Micronesian Pidgin English
1789:Action has been completed
1151:numeral one through nine.
491:
11953:
11892:
11827:
11748:
11719:
11671:
11660:
11651:
11623:
11616:
11590:
11579:
11534:
11455:
11444:
11421:
11412:
11399:
11390:
11272:
11205:
11198:
11172:
11163:
11146:
11110:
11077:
11068:
10861:
10818:
10743:
10732:
10627:
10595:
10552:
10453:
10442:
10431:
10402:
10371:
10160:
10151:
9913:
9764:
9676:
9595:
9584:
9563:
9360:
9278:
9252:
9226:
9185:
9174:
9153:
9122:
9111:
9100:
8982:
8936:
8925:
8885:
8859:
8833:
8824:
8801:
8759:
8712:
8698:
8689:
8680:
8646:
8578:
8545:
8536:
8484:
8468:
8447:
8426:
8405:
8396:
8360:
8351:
8347:
8334:
8208:
8169:
8160:
8101:
8094:
8041:
8028:
8018:
8002:
7965:
7902:
7844:
7807:
7767:
7741:
7710:
7687:
7677:
7604:
7560:
7537:
7467:
7449:
7440:
7355:
7286:
7263:
7254:
7245:
7229:
7225:
7212:
7183:
7166:
7118:
7082:
7051:
7033:
7024:
6992:
6959:
6952:
6914:
6883:
6874:
6822:
6765:
6756:
6749:
6683:
6640:
6577:
6499:
6490:
6460:
6439:
6400:
6373:
6355:
6303:
6264:
6246:
6218:
6202:
6163:
5959:
5913:
5860:
5853:
5775:
5712:
5612:
5508:
5427:
5408:
5399:
5362:
5309:
5288:
5279:
5269:
5239:
5232:
5220:
5206:
5154:
5064:
5048:
5013:
4990:
4983:
4945:
4912:
4884:
4861:
4799:
4721:
4693:
4675:
4637:
4616:
4573:
4419:
4371:
4328:
4319:
4291:
4280:
4252:
4195:
4176:
4167:
4116:
4063:
4045:
4036:
3983:
3959:
3950:
3922:
3907:
3903:
3890:
3886:
3873:
3839:
3810:
3789:
3761:
3752:
3695:
3672:
3663:
3635:
3617:
3613:
3600:
3521:
3476:
3397:
3386:
3363:
3354:
3338:
3334:
3273:
3197:
3166:
3150:
2805:. Ann Arbor. p. 10.
2688:
2674:
2650:
2642:
2629:
1992:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1555:{to use} {} {to use with}
1171:small or partial objects
199:
187:
171:
155:
150:
134:
69:
57:
47:
37:
32:
3558:templates for discussion
1160:(such as trees or roads)
583:Historical sound changes
458:Sakau (Kava) from Kosrae
11138:Whitesands / East Tanna
2801:Hattori, Ryoko (2012).
11875:Wallisian / East Uvean
11850:Futunan / East Futunan
11598:Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua
7808:Luangic–Kisaric ?
6067:Kelantan-Pattani Malay
3594:Austronesian languages
3553:Austronesian languages
2387:Proto Chuukic-Pohnpeic
1835:Preverbal prefix list:
1511:"ngahd" means "when".
1450:Intransitive sentences
733:Proto Chuukic-Pohnpeic
11118:Kwamera / South Tanna
6092:Negeri Sembilan Malay
5344:Kota Marudu Talantang
3328:Micronesian languages
3091:Good, Elaine (1989).
3066:Good, Elaine (1989).
3041:Good, Elaine (1989).
3016:Good, Elaine (1989).
2991:Good, Elaine (1989).
2966:Good, Elaine (1989).
2941:Good, Elaine (1989).
2916:Good, Elaine (1989).
2882:Good, Elaine (1989).
2242:Mokilese reflexes of
1459:Existential sentences
588:Mokilese reflexes of
466:Breadfruit from Samoa
11123:Lenakel / West Tanna
5986:Brunei/Kedayan Malay
4118:Southern Cordilleran
3198:Indigenous languages
1441:Transitive sentences
524:improve this section
290:improve this section
225:Pingelapese language
27:Micronesian language
8905:Natügu / Santa Cruz
7742:Wetar–Galoli ?
7154:Toraja-Saʼdan
6413:Kawi / Old Javanese
5354:Klias River Kadazan
4801:Gorontalo–Mongondow
4065:Central Cordilleran
2831:Oceanic Linguistics
2249:
1757:Directional suffix
1424:1,000,000,000 - lik
1046:E Sukoru (new moon)
595:
331:Micronesian peoples
231:language native to
100:Nuclear Micronesian
11998:Pohnpeic languages
11799:Rakahanga-Manihiki
11761:Cook Islands Māori
11026:Northeast Malakula
9265:Lavatbura–Lamusong
4321:Central Philippine
3607:Formosan languages
3167:Regional languages
2867:Stenson, Solomon.
2241:
1882:'the opposite of'
1874:'to be incorrect'
1433:Sentence structure
587:
478:Banana from Manila
474:Banana from Saipan
63:(2,500 cited 1991)
11975:
11974:
11949:
11948:
11945:
11944:
11941:
11940:
11937:
11936:
11933:
11932:
11929:
11928:
11925:
11924:
11921:
11920:
11888:
11887:
11575:
11574:
11571:
11570:
11567:
11566:
11386:
11385:
11382:
11381:
11378:
11377:
11374:
11373:
11159:
11158:
11064:
11063:
10728:
10727:
10427:
10426:
10423:
10422:
10147:
10146:
9580:
9579:
9576:
9575:
9096:
9095:
8921:
8920:
8797:
8796:
8676:
8675:
8672:
8671:
8532:
8531:
8330:
8329:
8326:
8325:
8322:
8321:
8318:
8317:
8314:
8313:
7998:
7997:
7533:
7532:
7436:
7435:
7351:
7350:
7208:
7207:
7204:
7203:
7179:
7178:
7162:
7161:
7020:
7019:
6870:
6869:
6866:
6865:
6818:
6817:
6369:
6368:
6351:
6350:
6255:Northwest Sumatra
6242:
6241:
6159:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6046:Kendayan / Selako
5608:
5607:
5504:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5395:
5394:
5216:
5215:
5202:
5201:
5044:
5043:
5040:
5039:
4876:Calamian Tagbanwa
4857:
4856:
4633:
4632:
4545:Southern Sorsogon
4520:Northern Sorsogon
4479:
4472:
4362:
4355:
4248:
4247:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4158:
3924:Batanic (Bashiic)
3880:Malayo–Polynesian
3869:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3835:
3834:
3748:
3747:
3543:
3542:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3294:
3293:
3151:Official language
2726:(25th ed., 2022)
2702:
2701:
2618:proto-Micronesian
2584:
2583:
2320:Proto Micronesian
2236:ae, aen, e, and e
2225:
2224:
2139:
2138:
2008:
2002:
1918:
1917:
1832:
1831:
1776:Onset of a state
1744:
1743:
1586:mwahu → mwahu-kin
1421:100,000,000 - sap
1345:
1344:
1103:Edemen Koahmwaloa
970:Soaunpwonginwehla
930:
929:
666:Proto Micronesian
560:
559:
552:
450:Banana from Chuuk
442:Mengat en Seipahn
339:island of Pikelap
326:
325:
318:
258:Family and origin
221:
220:
86:Malayo-Polynesian
16:(Redirected from
12015:
11669:
11668:
11658:
11657:
11621:
11620:
11588:
11587:
11453:
11452:
11419:
11418:
11397:
11396:
11203:
11202:
11170:
11169:
11075:
11074:
10816:
10815:
10810:Southeast Ambrym
10741:
10740:
10451:
10450:
10440:
10439:
10293:Arifama-Miniafia
10158:
10157:
9593:
9592:
9183:
9182:
9120:
9119:
9109:
9108:
8937:Gela–Guadalcanal
8934:
8933:
8900:Engdewu / Nanggu
8887:Reefs–Santa Cruz
8831:
8830:
8696:
8695:
8687:
8686:
8543:
8542:
8403:
8402:
8358:
8357:
8349:
8348:
8336:
8335:
8167:
8166:
8099:
8098:
8026:
8025:
7966:Southwest Maluku
7685:
7684:
7447:
7446:
7261:
7260:
7252:
7251:
7227:
7226:
7214:
7213:
7090:Aralle-Tabulahan
7083:Pitu Ulunna Salu
7031:
7030:
6957:
6956:
6881:
6880:
6763:
6762:
6754:
6753:
6497:
6496:
6262:
6261:
6257:–Barrier Islands
6251:
6250:
6142:Terengganu Malay
5918:
5917:
5858:
5857:
5406:
5405:
5349:Rungus / Momogun
5286:
5285:
5277:
5276:
5237:
5236:
5230:
5229:
5189:West Coast Bajaw
5062:
5061:
5053:
5052:
5049:Greater Barito *
4988:
4987:
4791:Western Bukidnon
4657:Central Tagbanwa
4647:Aborlan Tagbanwa
4475:
4468:
4401:Mount Iriga Agta
4396:Mount Iraya Agta
4358:
4350:
4326:
4325:
4293:Southern Mindoro
4289:
4288:
4254:Northern Mindoro
4174:
4173:
4043:
4042:
4038:Meso-Cordilleran
3957:
3956:
3920:
3919:
3905:
3904:
3892:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3875:
3874:
3759:
3758:
3670:
3669:
3615:
3614:
3602:
3601:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3564:
3563:
3395:
3394:
3361:
3360:
3336:
3335:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3286:Ngatikese Creole
3137:
3130:
3123:
3114:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3013:
3007:
3006:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2913:
2898:
2897:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2864:
2855:
2854:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2798:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2715:
2664:
2648:
2627:
2626:
2605:
2595:
2250:
2240:
2145:
2144:
2133:
2113:
2093:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2056:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2023:
2006:
2000:
1973:
1972:
1868:'to be correct'
1839:
1838:
1763:Non-motion verb
1754:
1753:
1646:
1645:
1630:pwung → sa-pwung
1506:Direct questions
1418:10,000,000 - dep
1400:800 - waelipwiki
1178:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1153:
944:
938:
596:
586:
555:
548:
544:
541:
535:
504:
496:
462:Banana from Fiji
454:Lime from Kosrae
321:
314:
310:
307:
301:
270:
262:
245:Caroline Islands
215:
204:
183:
167:
160:
140:
104:Chuukic–Pohnpeic
75:
65:All users: 4,500
30:
29:
21:
12023:
12022:
12018:
12017:
12016:
12014:
12013:
12012:
11978:
11977:
11976:
11971:
11970:
11917:
11884:
11823:
11744:
11715:
11663:
11647:
11612:
11582:
11563:
11530:
11447:
11440:
11414:
11408:
11370:
11268:
11194:
11173:Loyalty Islands
11165:
11155:
11142:
11133:Southwest Tanna
11106:
11085:Erromanga / Sie
11060:
10857:
10814:
10746:
10736:
10734:
10724:
10653:Cape Cumberland
10623:
10596:South Pentecost
10591:
10572:Northeast Ambae
10555:North Pentecost
10554:
10548:
10445:
10434:
10419:
10398:
10372:Kilivila–Misima
10367:
10143:
9909:
9760:
9672:
9598:
9587:
9572:
9559:
9363:
9356:
9274:
9248:
9222:
9178:
9176:
9170:
9149:
9114:
9103:
9092:
8984:
8978:
8928:
8917:
8881:
8855:
8820:
8793:
8773:Southern Kaniet
8767:Northern Kaniet
8755:
8708:
8668:
8642:
8574:
8528:
8486:South Halmahera
8480:
8464:
8443:
8422:
8392:
8343:
8310:
8204:
8156:
8090:
8037:
8014:
7994:
7961:
7942:Southeast Babar
7917:Dawera-Daweloor
7898:
7840:
7803:
7763:
7737:
7711:Central Timor *
7706:
7673:
7600:
7556:
7529:
7463:
7432:
7347:
7282:
7241:
7221:
7200:
7175:
7158:
7114:
7078:
7047:
7016:
6988:
6948:
6910:
6862:
6814:
6745:
6685:Tomini–Tolitoli
6679:
6636:
6573:
6486:
6463:
6456:
6435:
6396:
6365:
6347:
6299:
6256:
6238:
6214:
6198:
6151:
6122:Pontianak Malay
5955:
5909:
5854:Malayo–Chamic *
5849:
5771:
5708:
5642:Kanowit–Tanjong
5614:Central Sarawak
5604:
5519:Kenyah / Bakung
5496:
5423:
5401:
5391:
5358:
5339:Eastern Kadazan
5327:Coastal Kadazan
5305:
5281:
5271:Southwest Sabah
5265:
5241:Northeast Sabah
5223:
5212:
5198:
5179:Pangutaran Sama
5150:
5036:
5009:
4979:
4941:
4908:
4880:
4853:
4795:
4746:Cotabato Manobo
4717:
4689:
4685:Western Subanon
4671:
4629:
4612:
4569:
4415:
4367:
4315:
4283:
4282:Greater Central
4276:
4244:
4191:
4155:
4112:
4059:
4032:
3979:
3946:
3911:
3899:
3882:
3861:
3840:Southern ?
3831:
3806:
3785:
3744:
3697:
3691:
3659:
3631:
3609:
3596:
3591:
3561:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3505:
3472:
3389:
3382:
3356:
3350:
3330:
3325:
3295:
3290:
3274:Creoles/Pidgins
3269:
3193:
3162:
3146:
3141:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3039:
3035:
3028:
3014:
3010:
3003:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2939:
2935:
2928:
2914:
2901:
2894:
2880:
2876:
2865:
2858:
2843:10.2307/3623449
2827:
2820:
2813:
2799:
2764:
2756:
2754:
2741:
2737:
2727:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2662:
2646:
2614:
2607:
2597:
2587:
1987:
1965:
1940:
1923:
1740:
1733:
1725:
1718:
1708:
1701:
1693:
1686:
1676:
1669:
1661:
1654:
1637:
1628:
1626:to be incorrect
1620:
1612:
1593:
1584:
1576:
1568:
1559:
1550:
1542:
1534:
1517:
1508:
1435:
1415:1,000,000 - rar
1394:600 - wonepwiki
1391:500 - limepwiki
1385:300 - silipwiki
1373:80 - waelihsaek
1176:
1175:
1174:all other nouns
1166:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1148:
1139:
1091:Mas (full moon)
1039:
953:
951:Calendar system
946:
940:
585:
556:
545:
539:
536:
521:
505:
494:
470:Banana from Yap
393:Markies/Marquis
322:
311:
305:
302:
287:
271:
260:
217:
216:
207:
179:
163:
156:
141:
136:
130:
76:
73:Language family
71:
64:
60:
59:Native speakers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12021:
12011:
12010:
12005:
12000:
11995:
11990:
11973:
11972:
11969:
11968:
11966:extinct status
11962:
11959:
11955:
11954:
11951:
11950:
11947:
11946:
11943:
11942:
11939:
11938:
11935:
11934:
11931:
11930:
11927:
11926:
11923:
11922:
11919:
11918:
11916:
11915:
11910:
11905:
11898:
11896:
11890:
11889:
11886:
11885:
11883:
11882:
11877:
11872:
11867:
11862:
11857:
11852:
11847:
11842:
11837:
11831:
11829:
11825:
11824:
11822:
11821:
11816:
11811:
11806:
11801:
11796:
11791:
11786:
11785:
11784:
11773:
11768:
11763:
11758:
11752:
11750:
11746:
11745:
11743:
11742:
11737:
11732:
11725:
11723:
11717:
11716:
11714:
11713:
11708:
11703:
11698:
11693:
11688:
11683:
11678:
11676:Kapingamarangi
11672:
11666:
11655:
11649:
11648:
11646:
11645:
11640:
11635:
11630:
11624:
11618:
11614:
11613:
11611:
11610:
11608:Western Fijian
11605:
11600:
11594:
11592:
11585:
11577:
11576:
11573:
11572:
11569:
11568:
11565:
11564:
11562:
11561:
11556:
11551:
11546:
11540:
11538:
11532:
11531:
11529:
11528:
11523:
11518:
11513:
11508:
11503:
11498:
11493:
11488:
11483:
11478:
11472:
11467:
11461:
11459:
11450:
11442:
11441:
11439:
11438:
11433:
11428:
11422:
11416:
11410:
11409:
11407:
11406:
11400:
11394:
11388:
11387:
11384:
11383:
11380:
11379:
11376:
11375:
11372:
11371:
11369:
11368:
11363:
11357:
11352:
11347:
11342:
11337:
11332:
11327:
11322:
11317:
11312:
11307:
11302:
11297:
11292:
11287:
11282:
11276:
11274:
11270:
11269:
11267:
11266:
11260:
11255:
11250:
11245:
11240:
11235:
11230:
11225:
11220:
11215:
11209:
11207:
11200:
11199:New Caledonian
11196:
11195:
11193:
11192:
11187:
11182:
11176:
11174:
11167:
11161:
11160:
11157:
11156:
11154:
11153:
11147:
11144:
11143:
11141:
11140:
11135:
11130:
11125:
11120:
11114:
11112:
11108:
11107:
11105:
11104:
11098:
11093:
11087:
11081:
11079:
11072:
11066:
11065:
11062:
11061:
11059:
11058:
11053:
11048:
11043:
11038:
11033:
11028:
11023:
11018:
11013:
11008:
11003:
10998:
10993:
10988:
10983:
10978:
10973:
10968:
10963:
10958:
10953:
10948:
10943:
10938:
10933:
10928:
10923:
10918:
10913:
10908:
10903:
10898:
10893:
10888:
10883:
10878:
10873:
10867:
10865:
10859:
10858:
10856:
10855:
10850:
10845:
10840:
10835:
10830:
10824:
10822:
10813:
10812:
10807:
10802:
10797:
10792:
10787:
10782:
10777:
10772:
10767:
10762:
10757:
10751:
10749:
10738:
10730:
10729:
10726:
10725:
10723:
10722:
10717:
10712:
10707:
10702:
10697:
10692:
10687:
10682:
10677:
10672:
10667:
10662:
10661:
10660:
10650:
10645:
10639:
10633:
10631:
10629:Espiritu Santo
10625:
10624:
10622:
10621:
10615:
10610:
10605:
10599:
10597:
10593:
10592:
10590:
10589:
10584:
10579:
10574:
10569:
10564:
10558:
10556:
10550:
10549:
10547:
10546:
10541:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10520:
10515:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10475:
10470:
10465:
10459:
10457:
10448:
10437:
10429:
10428:
10425:
10424:
10421:
10420:
10418:
10417:
10412:
10406:
10404:
10400:
10399:
10397:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10375:
10373:
10369:
10368:
10366:
10365:
10360:
10355:
10350:
10345:
10340:
10335:
10330:
10325:
10320:
10315:
10310:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10290:
10285:
10280:
10275:
10270:
10265:
10260:
10255:
10250:
10245:
10240:
10235:
10230:
10225:
10220:
10215:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10195:
10190:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10164:
10162:
10155:
10149:
10148:
10145:
10144:
10142:
10141:
10136:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10091:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10036:
10031:
10026:
10021:
10016:
10010:
10005:
10000:
9995:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9965:
9960:
9955:
9950:
9945:
9940:
9935:
9930:
9925:
9919:
9917:
9911:
9910:
9908:
9907:
9902:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9882:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9842:
9837:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9786:
9781:
9776:
9770:
9768:
9762:
9761:
9759:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9738:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9703:
9698:
9693:
9688:
9682:
9680:
9674:
9673:
9671:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9640:
9635:
9630:
9625:
9620:
9615:
9610:
9604:
9602:
9590:
9582:
9581:
9578:
9577:
9574:
9573:
9571:
9570:
9564:
9561:
9560:
9558:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9532:
9526:
9521:
9516:
9511:
9506:
9501:
9496:
9491:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9435:
9430:
9425:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9404:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9374:
9368:
9366:
9358:
9357:
9355:
9354:
9349:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9293:
9288:
9282:
9280:
9276:
9275:
9273:
9272:
9267:
9262:
9256:
9254:
9250:
9249:
9247:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9230:
9228:
9224:
9223:
9221:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9189:
9187:
9180:
9172:
9171:
9169:
9168:
9163:
9157:
9155:
9151:
9150:
9148:
9147:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9126:
9124:
9117:
9106:
9098:
9097:
9094:
9093:
9091:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8988:
8986:
8980:
8979:
8977:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8940:
8938:
8931:
8923:
8922:
8919:
8918:
8916:
8915:
8914:
8913:
8910:
8902:
8897:
8891:
8889:
8883:
8882:
8880:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8863:
8861:
8857:
8856:
8854:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8837:
8835:
8828:
8822:
8821:
8819:
8818:
8813:
8807:
8805:
8803:Saint Matthias
8799:
8798:
8795:
8794:
8792:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8770:
8763:
8761:
8757:
8756:
8754:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8727:
8722:
8716:
8714:
8710:
8709:
8707:
8706:
8699:
8693:
8684:
8678:
8677:
8674:
8673:
8670:
8669:
8667:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8650:
8648:
8644:
8643:
8641:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8584:
8582:
8576:
8575:
8573:
8572:
8567:
8562:
8557:
8551:
8549:
8540:
8534:
8533:
8530:
8529:
8527:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8490:
8488:
8482:
8481:
8479:
8478:
8472:
8470:
8466:
8465:
8463:
8462:
8457:
8451:
8449:
8445:
8444:
8442:
8441:
8436:
8430:
8428:
8424:
8423:
8421:
8420:
8415:
8409:
8407:
8400:
8394:
8393:
8391:
8390:
8384:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8361:
8355:
8345:
8344:
8332:
8331:
8328:
8327:
8324:
8323:
8320:
8319:
8316:
8315:
8312:
8311:
8309:
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8221:
8215:
8213:
8206:
8205:
8203:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8170:
8164:
8158:
8157:
8155:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8102:
8096:
8092:
8091:
8089:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8067:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8045:
8043:
8039:
8038:
8036:
8035:
8029:
8023:
8020:Central Maluku
8016:
8015:
8013:
8012:
8006:
8004:
8000:
7999:
7996:
7995:
7993:
7992:
7986:
7980:
7975:
7969:
7967:
7963:
7962:
7960:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7908:
7906:
7900:
7899:
7897:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7850:
7848:
7842:
7841:
7839:
7838:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7811:
7809:
7805:
7804:
7802:
7801:
7795:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7773:
7771:
7765:
7764:
7762:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7745:
7743:
7739:
7738:
7736:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7714:
7712:
7708:
7707:
7705:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7688:
7682:
7675:
7674:
7672:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7610:
7608:
7602:
7601:
7599:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7567:
7565:
7558:
7557:
7555:
7554:
7549:
7543:
7541:
7535:
7534:
7531:
7530:
7528:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7471:
7469:
7465:
7464:
7462:
7461:
7456:
7450:
7444:
7442:Flores–Lembata
7438:
7437:
7434:
7433:
7431:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7359:
7357:
7356:Western Flores
7353:
7352:
7349:
7348:
7346:
7345:
7344:
7343:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7292:
7290:
7284:
7283:
7281:
7280:
7275:
7269:
7267:
7258:
7249:
7243:
7242:
7240:
7239:
7233:
7231:
7223:
7222:
7210:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7202:
7201:
7199:
7198:
7193:
7187:
7185:
7181:
7180:
7177:
7176:
7174:
7173:
7167:
7164:
7163:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7156:
7151:
7145:
7140:
7139:
7138:
7128:
7122:
7120:
7116:
7115:
7113:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7086:
7084:
7080:
7079:
7077:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7055:
7053:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7045:
7040:
7034:
7028:
7022:
7021:
7018:
7017:
7015:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6998:
6996:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6965:
6963:
6954:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6941:
6939:Highland Konjo
6936:
6931:
6926:
6920:
6918:
6912:
6911:
6909:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6887:
6885:
6878:
6876:South Sulawesi
6872:
6871:
6868:
6867:
6864:
6863:
6861:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6828:
6826:
6820:
6819:
6816:
6815:
6813:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6766:
6760:
6751:
6747:
6746:
6744:
6743:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6696:
6690:
6688:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6646:
6644:
6642:Saluan–Banggai
6638:
6637:
6635:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6583:
6581:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6505:
6503:
6494:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6468:
6466:
6458:
6457:
6455:
6454:
6449:
6443:
6441:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6404:
6402:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6394:
6389:
6386:
6383:
6377:
6375:
6371:
6370:
6367:
6366:
6364:
6363:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6309:
6307:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6265:
6259:
6248:
6244:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6225:
6223:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6206:
6204:
6200:
6199:
6197:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6167:
6165:
6161:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5971:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5932:
5926:
5924:
5915:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5866:
5864:
5855:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5781:
5779:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5718:
5716:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5700:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5677:Bah-Biau Punan
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5618:
5616:
5610:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5515:
5513:
5506:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5494:
5492:Sesayap Tidong
5489:
5487:Nonukan Tidong
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5433:
5431:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5416:
5409:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5368:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5315:
5313:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5292:
5290:
5283:
5274:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5257:
5252:
5246:
5244:
5234:
5233:North Borneo *
5227:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5160:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5065:
5059:
5050:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5029:
5023:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5005:Umiray Dumaget
5002:
4997:
4991:
4985:
4984:Other branches
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4951:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4918:
4916:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4890:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4873:
4867:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4805:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4727:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4699:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4681:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4643:
4641:
4635:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4620:
4618:
4617:(unclassified)
4614:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4579:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4473:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4377:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4356:
4343:
4338:
4332:
4330:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4286:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4258:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4201:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4122:
4120:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3987:
3985:Cagayan Valley
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3966:
3960:
3954:
3952:Northern Luzon
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3917:
3901:
3900:
3884:
3883:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3823:
3816:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3777:
3772:
3765:
3763:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3701:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3678:
3676:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3623:
3621:
3611:
3610:
3598:
3597:
3590:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3567:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:extinct status
3530:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3392:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3342:
3340:
3332:
3331:
3324:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3301:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3205:Kapingamarangi
3201:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3140:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3117:
3109:
3108:
3102:978-0858833906
3101:
3083:
3077:978-0858833906
3076:
3058:
3052:978-0858833906
3051:
3033:
3027:978-0858833906
3026:
3008:
3002:978-0858833906
3001:
2983:
2977:978-0858833906
2976:
2958:
2952:978-0858833906
2951:
2933:
2927:978-0858833906
2926:
2899:
2893:978-0858833906
2892:
2874:
2856:
2818:
2811:
2762:
2735:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2613:
2610:
2582:
2581:
2580:*∅,n{high V_}
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2515:*∅,n{high V_}
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2454:Proto-Pohnpeic
2450:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2057:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2024:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1981:
1976:
1964:
1961:
1939:
1936:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1847:Plus the Root
1845:
1843:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1742:
1741:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1650:
1649:
1621:
1613:
1605:
1604:
1577:
1569:
1561:
1560:
1543:
1535:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1434:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1403:900 - duepwiki
1401:
1398:
1397:700 - isipwiki
1395:
1392:
1389:
1388:400 - pahpwiki
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1367:60 - woneisaek
1365:
1364:50 - limeisaek
1362:
1359:
1358:30 - silihsaek
1356:
1353:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1164:animate things
1162:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
957:lunar calendar
952:
949:
928:
927:
926:*∅,n{high V_}
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
863:
862:
861:*∅,n{high V_}
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
800:Proto-Pohnpeic
796:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
729:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
662:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
584:
581:
558:
557:
508:
506:
499:
493:
490:
446:Uht en Menihle
434:Mei en Sahmwoa
426:Sakau en Kusai
422:Karer en Kusai
324:
323:
274:
272:
265:
259:
256:
219:
218:
206:
205:
197:
196:
191:
185:
184:
177:
169:
168:
161:
153:
152:
151:Language codes
148:
147:
142:
138:Writing system
135:
132:
131:
129:
128:
127:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
121:
120:
119:
118:
117:
116:
79:
77:
70:
67:
66:
61:
58:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
39:
38:Native to
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12020:
12009:
12006:
12004:
12001:
11999:
11996:
11994:
11991:
11989:
11986:
11985:
11983:
11967:
11963:
11960:
11957:
11956:
11952:
11914:
11911:
11909:
11906:
11903:
11900:
11899:
11897:
11895:
11891:
11881:
11878:
11876:
11873:
11871:
11868:
11866:
11863:
11861:
11858:
11856:
11853:
11851:
11848:
11846:
11843:
11841:
11838:
11836:
11833:
11832:
11830:
11826:
11820:
11817:
11815:
11812:
11810:
11807:
11805:
11802:
11800:
11797:
11795:
11792:
11790:
11787:
11782:
11779:
11778:
11777:
11774:
11772:
11769:
11767:
11764:
11762:
11759:
11757:
11754:
11753:
11751:
11747:
11741:
11738:
11736:
11733:
11730:
11727:
11726:
11724:
11722:
11718:
11712:
11709:
11707:
11704:
11702:
11699:
11697:
11694:
11692:
11689:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11674:
11673:
11670:
11667:
11665:
11659:
11656:
11654:
11650:
11644:
11641:
11639:
11636:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11626:
11625:
11622:
11619:
11615:
11609:
11606:
11604:
11601:
11599:
11596:
11595:
11593:
11589:
11586:
11584:
11578:
11560:
11557:
11555:
11552:
11550:
11547:
11545:
11542:
11541:
11539:
11537:
11533:
11527:
11524:
11522:
11519:
11517:
11514:
11512:
11509:
11507:
11504:
11502:
11499:
11497:
11494:
11492:
11489:
11487:
11484:
11482:
11479:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11462:
11460:
11458:
11454:
11451:
11449:
11443:
11437:
11434:
11432:
11429:
11427:
11424:
11423:
11420:
11417:
11411:
11405:
11402:
11401:
11398:
11395:
11393:
11389:
11367:
11364:
11361:
11358:
11356:
11353:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11311:
11308:
11306:
11303:
11301:
11298:
11296:
11293:
11291:
11288:
11286:
11283:
11281:
11278:
11277:
11275:
11271:
11264:
11261:
11259:
11256:
11254:
11251:
11249:
11246:
11244:
11241:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11231:
11229:
11226:
11224:
11221:
11219:
11216:
11214:
11211:
11210:
11208:
11204:
11201:
11197:
11191:
11188:
11186:
11183:
11181:
11178:
11177:
11175:
11171:
11168:
11166:New Caledonia
11162:
11152:
11149:
11148:
11145:
11139:
11136:
11134:
11131:
11129:
11126:
11124:
11121:
11119:
11116:
11115:
11113:
11109:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11091:
11088:
11086:
11083:
11082:
11080:
11076:
11073:
11071:
11070:South Vanuatu
11067:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11032:
11029:
11027:
11024:
11022:
11019:
11017:
11014:
11012:
11009:
11007:
11004:
11002:
10999:
10997:
10996:Port Sandwich
10994:
10992:
10989:
10987:
10984:
10982:
10979:
10977:
10974:
10972:
10969:
10967:
10964:
10962:
10959:
10957:
10954:
10952:
10949:
10947:
10944:
10942:
10939:
10937:
10934:
10932:
10929:
10927:
10924:
10922:
10919:
10917:
10914:
10912:
10909:
10907:
10904:
10902:
10899:
10897:
10894:
10892:
10889:
10887:
10884:
10882:
10879:
10877:
10874:
10872:
10869:
10868:
10866:
10864:
10860:
10854:
10851:
10849:
10846:
10844:
10841:
10839:
10836:
10834:
10831:
10829:
10826:
10825:
10823:
10821:
10817:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10801:
10798:
10796:
10793:
10791:
10788:
10786:
10783:
10781:
10778:
10776:
10773:
10771:
10768:
10766:
10763:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10753:
10752:
10750:
10748:
10742:
10739:
10731:
10721:
10718:
10716:
10713:
10711:
10708:
10706:
10703:
10701:
10698:
10696:
10693:
10691:
10688:
10686:
10683:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10659:
10656:
10655:
10654:
10651:
10649:
10646:
10643:
10640:
10638:
10635:
10634:
10632:
10630:
10626:
10619:
10616:
10614:
10611:
10609:
10606:
10604:
10601:
10600:
10598:
10594:
10588:
10585:
10583:
10580:
10578:
10575:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10559:
10557:
10551:
10545:
10542:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10524:
10521:
10519:
10516:
10514:
10511:
10509:
10506:
10504:
10501:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10460:
10458:
10456:
10452:
10449:
10447:
10441:
10438:
10436:
10430:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10407:
10405:
10401:
10395:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10377:
10376:
10374:
10370:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10349:
10346:
10344:
10341:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10264:
10261:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10249:
10246:
10244:
10241:
10239:
10236:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10165:
10163:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10150:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10059:Lesing-Gelimi
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9956:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9920:
9918:
9916:
9912:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9771:
9769:
9767:
9763:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9742:
9739:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9719:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9707:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9683:
9681:
9679:
9675:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9651:
9649:
9646:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9626:
9624:
9621:
9619:
9616:
9614:
9611:
9609:
9606:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9583:
9569:
9566:
9565:
9562:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9426:
9423:
9420:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9405:
9403:
9400:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9369:
9367:
9365:
9359:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9283:
9281:
9277:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9257:
9255:
9251:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9231:
9229:
9225:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9190:
9188:
9184:
9181:
9173:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9158:
9156:
9152:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9127:
9125:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9099:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8989:
8987:
8985:San Cristobal
8981:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8941:
8939:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8924:
8911:
8908:
8907:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8892:
8890:
8888:
8884:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8864:
8862:
8858:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8838:
8836:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8823:
8817:
8814:
8812:
8809:
8808:
8806:
8804:
8800:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8774:
8771:
8768:
8765:
8764:
8762:
8758:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8717:
8715:
8711:
8704:
8701:
8700:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8679:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8651:
8649:
8645:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8585:
8583:
8581:
8577:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8552:
8550:
8548:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8535:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8491:
8489:
8487:
8483:
8477:
8474:
8473:
8471:
8467:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8452:
8450:
8446:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8431:
8429:
8425:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8410:
8408:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8398:Halmahera Sea
8395:
8388:
8385:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8366:
8363:
8362:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8350:
8346:
8342:
8337:
8333:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8207:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8175:
8172:
8171:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8159:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8103:
8100:
8097:
8093:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8071:
8068:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8046:
8044:
8040:
8034:
8031:
8030:
8027:
8024:
8021:
8017:
8011:
8008:
8007:
8005:
8003:Kowiai ?
8001:
7990:
7987:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7970:
7968:
7964:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7909:
7907:
7905:
7901:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7851:
7849:
7847:
7843:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7812:
7810:
7806:
7799:
7796:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7774:
7772:
7770:
7766:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7746:
7744:
7740:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7715:
7713:
7709:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7689:
7686:
7683:
7680:
7676:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7611:
7609:
7607:
7603:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7559:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7544:
7542:
7540:
7536:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7500:South Lembata
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7472:
7470:
7466:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7451:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7439:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7360:
7358:
7354:
7342:
7339:
7338:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7293:
7291:
7289:
7285:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7270:
7268:
7266:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7244:
7238:
7235:
7234:
7232:
7228:
7224:
7220:
7215:
7211:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7182:
7172:
7169:
7168:
7165:
7155:
7152:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7137:
7134:
7133:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7123:
7121:
7117:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7087:
7085:
7081:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7056:
7054:
7052:Massenrempulu
7050:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7035:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7023:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6995:
6991:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6969:Budong-Budong
6967:
6966:
6964:
6962:
6958:
6955:
6953:Seko–Badaic *
6951:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6934:Coastal Konjo
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6917:
6913:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6888:
6886:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6873:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6825:
6821:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6755:
6752:
6750:Kaili–Wolio *
6748:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6682:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6645:
6643:
6639:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6580:
6576:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6506:
6504:
6502:
6501:Bungku–Tolaki
6498:
6495:
6493:
6489:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6465:
6459:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6438:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6378:
6376:
6372:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6354:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6310:
6308:
6306:
6302:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6252:
6249:
6245:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6217:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6203:Rejang ?
6201:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6177:
6176:Old Sundanese
6174:
6173:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6162:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6132:Sarawak Malay
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6102:Orang Seletar
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5923:
5919:
5916:
5912:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5875:Cham dialects
5873:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5859:
5856:
5852:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5774:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5715:
5711:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5611:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5510:North Sarawak
5507:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5420:
5417:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5404:
5398:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5322:Central Dusun
5320:
5319:
5318:Kadazandusun
5317:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5308:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5296:Brunei Bisaya
5294:
5293:
5291:
5287:
5284:
5278:
5275:
5272:
5268:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5219:
5210:
5205:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5047:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5021:Inagta Alabat
5019:
5018:
5016:
5014:Manide–Alabat
5012:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4982:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4572:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4478:
4477:Old Cebuano †
4474:
4471:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4386:Central Bikol
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4279:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4169:Central Luzon
4166:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4055:Southern Alta
4053:
4051:
4050:Northern Alta
4048:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3876:
3872:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3740:
3739:Papora-Hoanya
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3588:
3583:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3322:
3317:
3315:
3310:
3308:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3138:
3133:
3131:
3126:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3104:
3098:
3094:
3087:
3079:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3054:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3029:
3023:
3019:
3012:
3004:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2979:
2973:
2969:
2962:
2954:
2948:
2944:
2937:
2929:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2895:
2889:
2885:
2878:
2870:
2863:
2861:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2823:
2814:
2812:9781267817211
2808:
2804:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2739:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2609:
2603:
2593:
2588:Often before
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:Proto Oceanic
2252:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2244:Proto Oceanic
2239:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1888:'to be good'
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1616:
1611:
1610:to be correct
1608:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1582:to be good at
1580:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:ius → ius-kin
1549:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1512:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1412:100,000 - lop
1411:
1409:10,000 - naen
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1382:200 - repwiki
1381:
1378:
1376:90 - tueisaek
1375:
1372:
1370:70 - isihsaek
1369:
1366:
1363:
1361:40 - pahisaek
1360:
1357:
1355:20 - rieisaek
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1143:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
961:
960:
958:
948:
935:Often before
933:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
864:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
801:
798:
797:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
667:
664:
663:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
601:
600:Proto Oceanic
598:
597:
594:
591:
590:Proto Oceanic
580:
576:
572:
568:
566:
554:
551:
543:
533:
529:
525:
519:
518:
514:
509:This section
507:
503:
498:
497:
489:
486:
483:
482:Saekaraekapw.
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
430:Uht en Pihsih
427:
423:
419:
414:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
367:
365:
360:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
334:
332:
320:
317:
309:
299:
295:
291:
285:
284:
280:
275:This section
273:
269:
264:
263:
255:
251:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
214:
211:
203:
198:
195:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
176:
175:
170:
166:
162:
159:
154:
149:
146:
143:
139:
133:
115:
112:
111:
110:
107:
106:
105:
102:
101:
99:
98:
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
88:
87:
84:
83:
82:
78:
74:
68:
62:
56:
53:
50:
46:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
11964:† indicates
11729:Niuatoputapu
11553:
10553:Maewo–Ambae–
10455:Torres–Banks
10403:Nimoa–Sudest
9915:Ngero–Vitiaz
9875:Mangga Buang
9686:Arop-Sissano
9186:Tungag–Nalik
9175:New Ireland–
8811:Mussau-Emira
8538:Cenderawasih
8275:Seit-Kaitetu
7562:Kei–Tanimbar
7247:Sumba–Flores
6758:Kaili–Pamona
6107:Pahang Malay
6006:Bangka Malay
5914:Iban–Malayan
5800:Bukar–Sadong
5539:Wahau Kenyah
5377:Kinabatangan
5289:Bisaya–Lotud
5224:North Borneo
4406:Pandan Bikol
3998:Cagayan Agta
3969:Dicamay Agta
3551:
3532:† indicates
3490:
3244:
3092:
3086:
3067:
3061:
3042:
3036:
3017:
3011:
2992:
2986:
2967:
2961:
2942:
2936:
2917:
2883:
2877:
2868:
2834:
2830:
2802:
2755:, retrieved
2745:
2738:
2721:
2713:
2623:
2615:
2585:
2553:*s,∅{_i,u,e}
2520:Pingelapese
2488:*j,∅{_i,u,e}
2235:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2140:
1969:
1966:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1902:'causative'
1894:'to be ill'
1834:
1833:
1828:Comparative
1820:
1807:
1794:
1781:
1768:
1760:Motion verb
1749:
1745:
1738:to walk away
1737:
1734:
1730:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1706:to walk down
1705:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1562:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1539:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1521:
1518:
1509:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1449:
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1379:100 - epwiki
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1149:
1140:
1121:Kerdakehleng
1040:
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1023:
1017:
1011:
1006:Kaepihsukoru
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
954:
934:
931:
899:*j,∅{_i,u,e}
866:Pingelapese
834:*j,∅{_i,u,e}
577:
573:
569:
561:
546:
537:
522:Please help
510:
485:Saekaraekapw
484:
481:
477:
473:
469:
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457:
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342:
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335:
327:
312:
303:
288:Please help
276:
252:
249:
224:
222:
172:
145:Latin script
113:
81:Austronesian
11696:Ontong Java
11554:Pingelapese
11481:Mortlockese
11436:Marshallese
11415:Micronesian
11392:Micronesian
11128:North Tanna
11101:Utaha / Ifo
10755:North Efate
10675:Merei-Tiale
9880:Mapos Buang
8427:Maya–Matbat
8245:Sepa-Teluti
7922:North Babar
7874:Dela-Oenale
7596:Uruangnirin
6984:Seko Tengah
6979:Seko Padang
6924:Makassarese
6896:Campalagian
6632:Tukang Besi
6388:Lampung Api
6385:Lampung Nyo
6147:Urak Lawoiʼ
6127:Reman Malay
6117:Perak Malay
6097:Orang Kanaq
6052:Kutai Malay
6041:Kedah Malay
6031:Jambi Malay
6001:Berau Malay
5981:Minangkabau
5862:Aceh–Chamic
5687:Punan Merap
5382:Abai Sungai
4708:Maguindanao
4667:Taawʼt Bato
4540:Romblomanon
4391:Isarog Agta
4381:Albay Bikol
4352:Old Tagalog
4341:Kasiguranin
4188:(Remontado)
4186:Hatang Kayi
4181:Kapampangan
3546:‹ The
3491:Pingelapese
3457:Mortlockese
3378:Marshallese
3357:Micronesian
3245:Pingelapese
3215:Mortlockese
2837:(1): 4, 5.
2718:Pingelapese
2689:3rd person
2675:2nd person
2643:1st person
2121:Approximant
1938:Orthography
1548:to use with
1406:1,000 - kid
1352:10 - eisaek
1037:Date system
1002:(September)
1000:Maesaenaeir
418:Uht en Ruhk
397:Nahnmwarki.
364:Nahnparadak
229:Micronesian
194:Pingelapese
114:Pingelapese
96:Micronesian
33:Pingelapese
18:Pingelapese
11982:Categories
11880:West Uvean
11865:Rennellese
11664:Polynesian
11653:Polynesian
11501:Satawalese
11496:Puluwatese
11465:Carolinian
11426:Gilbertese
11164:Loyalties–
10936:Maskelynes
10891:Big Nambas
10582:Sun̄wadaga
10178:Bwanabwana
10153:Papuan Tip
10089:Arop-Lukep
9701:Ulau-Suain
9588:New Guinea
9387:Cheke Holo
9342:Sursurunga
9317:Lungalunga
9279:St. George
9115:Melanesian
9027:Marau Wawa
8725:Baluan-Pam
8628:Serui-Laut
8406:Ambel–Biga
7973:East Damar
7912:West Damar
7490:Lewo Eleng
7306:Anakalangu
7256:Sumba–Hawu
6847:Ledo Kaili
6824:Wotu–Wolio
6602:Kaimbulawa
6579:Muna–Buton
6534:Mori Bawah
6462:Bali–Sasak
6429:Tenggerese
6419:Banyumasan
6343:Mandailing
6333:Simalungun
6247:Sumatran *
6192:Cirebonese
6077:Orang Laut
5974:Indonesian
5777:Land Dayak
5762:Krio Dayak
5657:Punan Batu
5534:Umaʼ Lasan
5156:Sama–Bajaw
5026:Katabangan
4975:Tontemboan
4771:Matigsalug
4736:Ata Manobo
4555:Surigaonon
4490:Hiligaynon
4439:Bantayanon
4360:Batangueño
4284:Philippine
4235:Mariveleño
4151:Pangasinan
3909:Philippine
3650:Kanakanavu
3452:Satawalese
3447:Carolinian
3432:Puluwatese
3373:Gilbertese
3255:Satawalese
3250:Puluwatese
2757:2017-02-10
2723:Ethnologue
2705:References
2684:koamwahsi
2247:consonants
2007:labialized
1914:'to kill'
1911:ka-maehla
1891:sou-mwahu
1799:away from
1674:to walk up
1566:to be good
1515:Morphology
1240:waelaemaen
1234:woanaemaen
1157:long nouns
1118:Dapasmeing
1100:Koahmwaloa
1088:Woalemwahu
1032:(February)
1020:(December)
1014:(November)
976:Paelaekwar
593:consonants
438:Uht en Iap
384:Sir/Madam.
359:Pohnpeians
343:Doahkaesa,
42:Micronesia
11902:Niuafoʻou
11860:Pukapukan
11855:Mele-Fila
11819:Tuamotuan
11789:Marquesan
11771:Mangareva
11740:Tokelauan
11643:Lomaiviti
11559:Pohnpeian
11549:Ngatikese
11486:Namonuito
11078:Erromango
11006:Sörsörian
10931:Malua Bay
10916:Lendamboi
10906:Bwenelang
10805:Port Vato
10795:Lonwolwol
10790:Dalkalaen
10690:Shark Bay
10587:Sun̄wadia
10353:Yakaikeke
10303:Gapapaiwa
10168:ʼAuhelawa
10099:Malasanga
9998:Mouk-Aria
9953:Awad Bing
9943:Malalamai
9820:Maralango
9795:Aribwaung
9789:Aribwatsa
9766:Huon Gulf
9618:Kayupulau
9397:Ghanongga
9382:Blablanga
9364:Solomonic
9362:Northwest
9332:Ramoaaina
9322:Niwer Mil
9296:Guramalum
9291:Fanamaket
9198:Laxudumau
9179:Solomonic
9177:Northwest
9154:Bali-Vitu
9123:Willaumez
9068:Gulaʼalaa
9033:Toʼabaita
9029: ? †
8929:Solomonic
8927:Southeast
8851:Tanimbili
8691:Admiralty
8647:Southwest
8381:Warembori
8296:Nusa Laut
8200:Yalahatan
7846:Rote–Meto
7769:Kawaimina
7552:Seluwasan
7475:Lamaholot
7468:Lamaholot
7368:Manggarai
7126:Kalumpang
7110:Ulumandaʼ
7074:Malimpung
6694:Balaesang
6607:Kumbewaha
6539:Mori Atas
6509:Bahonsuai
6374:Lampungic
6187:Bantenese
6171:Sundanese
6164:Sundanese
5969:Malaysian
5951:Seberuang
5830:Semandang
5637:Daro-Matu
5482:Kalabakan
5457:Sembakung
5402:Murutic *
5372:Tombonuwo
5282:Dusunic *
4965:Tonsawang
4947:Minahasan
4932:Sangirese
4871:Agutaynen
4844:Ponosakan
4839:Mongondow
4829:Kaidipang
4824:Gorontalo
4781:Sarangani
4761:Kagayanen
4639:Palawanic
4583:Davawenyo
4530:Porohanon
4515:Masbateño
4505:Karolanos
4454:Caluyanon
4411:Rinconada
4329:Tagalogic
4215:Mag-antsi
4141:Kalanguya
4103:Kankanaey
3762:Kavalanic
3733:Favorlang
3696:Northwest
3501:Ngatikese
3496:Pohnpeian
3437:Namonuito
3225:Ngatikese
3220:Namonuito
3184:Pohnpeian
2663:inclusive
2647:exclusive
2632:Singular
2183:Close-mid
2081:Fricative
1963:Phonology
1908:'to die'
1871:sa-pwung
1602:is used.
1579:mwahu-kin
1209:waelaepas
1203:woanaepas
1127:Semwenpal
1070:Woalduadu
1030:Memwahleu
1026:(January)
1024:Aepwaelap
1008:(October)
540:June 2022
511:does not
413:kwatilain
351:Doahkaesa
306:June 2022
277:does not
174:Glottolog
158:ISO 639-3
11814:Tahitian
11809:Rapa Nui
11766:Hawaiian
11711:Tuvaluan
11701:Sikaiana
11686:Nukumanu
11633:Gone Dau
11544:Mokilese
11536:Pohnpeic
11526:Woleaian
11521:Ulithian
11506:Sonsorol
11470:Chuukese
11448:Pohnpeic
11446:Chuukic–
11431:Kosraean
11360:Waamwang
11310:Hmwaveke
11273:Northern
11258:Xârâgurè
11228:Ndrumbea
11206:Southern
11151:Aneityum
10976:Neverver
10946:Nasarian
10926:Malfaxal
10921:Litzlitz
10881:Aveteian
10863:Malakula
10745:Central
10735:Southern
10710:Tolomako
10705:Tasiriki
10433:Southern
10384:Kilivila
10363:Gumawana
10338:Minaveha
10313:Kaninuwa
10273:Sewa Bay
10243:Boselewa
10233:Maiadomu
10228:Koluwawa
10218:Iamalele
10208:Bwaidoka
10203:Wagawaga
10104:Mur Pano
10064:Mangseng
10024:Sengseng
9840:Silisili
9678:Schouten
9628:Masimasi
9599:Jayapura
9469:Papapana
9454:Mono-Alu
9422:Kazukuru
9372:Babatana
9327:Patpatar
9307:Konomala
9140:Meramera
9083:ꞋAreꞌare
9058:Kwaraʼae
9048:Fataleka
9038:Baelelea
8983:Malaita–
8860:Vanikoro
8659:Yerisiam
8280:Kamarian
8235:Wakasihu
8210:Piru Bay
8190:Manusela
8162:Nunusaku
8131:Masiwang
8121:Watubela
8064:Hukumina
8033:Teor-Kur
7947:Emplawas
7889:Uab Meto
7723:Tukudede
7664:Tarangan
7654:Manombai
7510:Lewotobi
7505:Lamalera
7485:Lamatuka
7413:Nagé-Kéo
7393:Wae Rana
7321:Baliledo
7311:Wanukaka
7191:Chamorro
7184:Isolates
7171:Lemolang
7148:Talondoʼ
7064:Enrekang
7026:Northern
6974:Panasuan
6916:Makassar
6891:Buginese
6705:Dampelas
6670:Bobongko
6655:Balantak
6612:Lasalimu
6587:Bonerate
6559:Tomadino
6549:Rahambuu
6529:Moronene
6524:Kulisusu
6472:Balinese
6464:–Sumbawa
6447:Madurese
6440:Madurese
6408:Javanese
6401:Javanese
6392:Komering
6295:Simeulue
6280:Mentawai
6220:Moklenic
6011:Bengkulu
5935:Keninjal
5870:Acehnese
5840:Benyaduʼ
5825:Kembayan
5820:Jangkang
5810:Tringgus
5742:Hovongan
5560:Lundayeh
5452:Selungai
5447:Keningau
5387:Serudung
5364:Paitanic
5141:Ampanang
5131:Bakumpai
5111:Lawangan
5101:Maʼanyan
5096:Balangan
5069:Malagasy
4914:Sangiric
4863:Kalamian
4809:Bintauna
4786:Tagabawa
4751:Higaonon
4662:Palawano
4575:Mansakan
4535:Ratagnon
4495:Kabalian
4470:Boholano
4459:Capiznon
4449:Butuanon
4336:Filipino
4272:Tadyawan
4230:Mag-indi
4197:Sambalic
4126:Bugkalot
4073:Balangao
3916:) ?
3812:Siraiyac
3802:Sakizaya
3705:Saisiyat
3698:Formosan
3674:Atayalic
3665:Northern
3548:template
3486:Mokilese
3478:Pohnpeic
3427:Ulithian
3422:Woleaian
3417:Chuukese
3407:Sonsorol
3390:Pohnpeic
3388:Chuukic–
3368:Kosraean
3265:Woleaian
3260:Ulithian
3235:Nguluwan
3210:Mokilese
3179:Kosraean
3174:Chuukese
2751:archived
2670:kisahsi
2612:Pronouns
2198:Open-mid
1989:Alveolar
1979:Bilabial
1812:towards
1735:aluh-eng
1731:aluh-eng
1623:sa-pwung
1271:waelikis
1265:woanikis
1243:duaemaen
1225:silimaen
1222:riaemaen
1146:Numerals
1112:Wesengek
1085:Woalopwo
1082:Sekainpe
1079:Arkohnge
1076:Siepwong
1055:Masepeng
1018:Ihkaehwa
996:(August)
982:Soledahn
233:Pingelap
181:ping1243
109:Pohnpeic
52:Pingelap
12003:Pohnpei
11904: ?
11870:Tikopia
11828:Futunic
11794:Penrhyn
11781:Moriori
11756:Austral
11749:Eastern
11691:Nukuoro
11681:Nuguria
11662:Nuclear
11603:Rotuman
11583:Pacific
11581:Central
11511:Tanapag
11491:Pááfang
11457:Chuukic
11413:Nuclear
11404:Nauruan
11345:Pwaamèi
11330:Nyâlayu
11253:Xârâcùù
11190:Nengone
10971:Neveʻei
10961:Navwien
10951:Nasvang
10941:Nahavaq
10911:Larëvat
10901:Burmbar
10896:Botovro
10833:Bierebo
10800:Paamese
10785:Daakaka
10765:Efatese
10747:Vanuatu
10737:Oceanic
10733:Nuclear
10695:Tamambo
10562:Baetora
10518:Mwotlap
10508:Mwerlap
10493:Lo-Toga
10488:Lemerig
10446:Vanuatu
10435:Oceanic
10379:Budibud
10343:Taupota
10333:Maiwala
10328:Haigwai
10308:Ghayavi
10283:Kakabai
10268:Mwatebu
10198:Unubahe
10183:Oyaʼoya
10161:Nuclear
10013:Kaulong
9993:Lamogai
9978:Mindiri
9973:Matukar
9963:Gedaged
9958:Bilibil
9905:Numbami
9746:Medebur
9721:Kairiru
9711:Yakamul
9696:Sissano
9643:Kaptiau
9601: ?
9540:Vangunu
9514:Tinputz
9489:Roviana
9433:Kusaghe
9377:Bannoni
9145:Nakanai
9104:Oceanic
9102:Western
8969:Malango
8846:Asumboa
8760:Western
8751:Penchal
8713:Eastern
8705: ?
8682:Oceanic
8613:Munggui
8565:Meoswar
8389: ?
8383: ?
8376:Waropen
8301:Saparua
8255:Kaibobo
8250:Paulohi
8219:Asilulu
8212: ?
8142:Benggoi
8086:Taliabo
8081:Mangole
8070:Moksela
8049:Ambelau
7952:Imroing
7894:Amarasi
7879:Termanu
7869:Ringgou
7800: ?
7794: ?
7759:Atauran
7702:Idalaka
7679:Timoric
7619:Batuley
7614:Barakai
7581:Yamdena
7576:Fordata
7564: ?
7520:Ile Ape
7515:Adonara
7480:Alorese
7378:Rembong
7331:Lamboya
7301:Mamboru
7296:Kambera
7196:Palauan
7150: ?
7136:Pattaeʼ
6944:Selayar
6929:Bentong
6901:Embaloh
6842:Laiyolo
6805:Topoiyo
6775:Mbelala
6742: ?
6701: ?
6660:Banggai
6627:Pancana
6617:Liabuku
6597:Cia-Cia
6569:Wawonii
6519:Kodeoha
6492:Celebic
6482:Sumbawa
6452:Kangean
6381:Lampung
6362: ?
6318:Angkola
6271: ?
6269:Enggano
6222: ?
6062:Kerinci
6048: ?
5941:Mualang
5937: ?
5845:Sanggau
5785:Bakatiʼ
5714:Kayanic
5652:Bukitan
5647:Melanau
5632:Sekapan
5627:Lahanan
5622:Kajaman
5600:Bintulu
5575:Berawan
5555:Lengilu
5550:Kelabit
5546: ?
5442:Timugon
5429:Murutic
5415: ?
5400:Greater
5311:Dusunic
5280:Greater
5262: ?
5222:Greater
5164:Abaknon
5146:Tunjung
4960:Tondano
4955:Tombulu
4927:Ratahan
4904:Teduray
4814:Bolango
4766:Kamigin
4756:Ilianen
4741:Binukid
4713:Maranao
4677:Subanen
4608:Mansaka
4603:Mandaya
4598:Mamanwa
4588:Kalagan
4510:Magahat
4500:Karay-a
4485:Cuyonon
4464:Cebuano
4429:Akeanon
4421:Bisayan
4346:Tagalog
4311:Tawbuid
4306:Hanunoo
4262:Alangan
4225:Botolan
4220:Bolinao
4205:Abellen
4098:Kalinga
4008:Gaddang
4003:Gaʼdang
3975:Ilocano
3932:Itbayat
3914:linkage
3826:Taivoan
3780:Luilang
3775:Kavalan
3550:below (
3462:Pááfang
3442:Tanapag
3399:Chuukic
3355:Nuclear
3346:Nauruan
3339:Nauruan
3240:Pááfang
3230:Nukuoro
3158:English
2851:3623449
2681:koamwa
2638:Plural
2621:forms.
2598:Before
2156:Central
2048:Plosive
1905:maehla
1852:Yields
1842:Prefix
1703:aluh-di
1699:aluh-di
1671:aluh-da
1667:aluh-da
1545:ius-kin
1321:aepoang
1262:lumikis
1256:silikis
1253:risekis
1237:isimaen
1231:luhmaen
1228:pahmaen
1212:duaepas
1194:silipas
1191:risepas
1106:Apeleng
1067:Mesawel
1061:Mesawon
1058:Masalim
1012:Pihkaer
988:Sokosok
972:(April)
966:(March)
964:Kahlaek
941:Before
532:removed
517:sources
492:History
298:removed
283:sources
91:Oceanic
11913:Tongan
11908:Niuean
11894:Tongic
11735:Samoan
11721:Samoic
11628:Fijian
11516:Tobian
11366:Yuanga
11355:Vamale
11350:Pwapwâ
11305:Haveke
11290:Cèmuhî
11280:Bwatoo
11090:Sorung
11046:Alovas
10991:Nitita
10986:Nisvai
10838:Bieria
10780:Makura
10775:Lelepa
10760:Nafsan
10715:Tutuba
10700:Tangoa
10670:Mav̋ea
10658:Nokuku
10567:Duidui
10533:Veraʼa
10513:Mwesen
10483:Lehali
10415:Sudest
10389:Misima
10348:Tawala
10278:Dawawa
10263:Molima
10258:Galeya
10238:Bunama
10213:Diodio
10188:Saliba
10173:Buhutu
10094:Karnai
10084:Mengen
10079:Mamusi
10069:Solong
10049:Bebeli
10039:Apalik
10034:Akolet
10029:Aiklep
10008:Karore
9923:Bariai
9885:Mumeng
9870:Kumalu
9850:Wampur
9845:Wampar
9805:Dangal
9800:Adzera
9774:Bukawa
9726:Terebu
9706:Tumleo
9658:Tobati
9653:Tarpia
9638:Podena
9613:Bonggo
9597:Sarmi–
9568:Tomoip
9550:Zabana
9545:Varisi
9535:Vaghua
9529:Uruava
9524:Ughele
9494:Saposa
9474:Petats
9449:Marovo
9444:Lungga
9428:Kokota
9347:Tangga
9302:Kandas
9239:Madara
9218:Tungag
9078:Doriʼo
9043:Baeggu
9007:Fagani
8992:Longgu
8974:Talise
8944:Bugotu
8909:Nalögo
8877:Tanema
8872:Lovono
8834:Utupua
8826:Temotu
8784:Wuvulu
8779:Seimat
8736:Lenkau
8730:Hermit
8703:Yapese
8633:Kurudu
8618:Papuma
8603:Wamesa
8560:Dusner
8547:Biakic
8514:Patani
8460:Fiawat
8439:Matbat
8365:Tandia
8291:Amahai
8286:Haruku
8265:Tulehu
8230:Manipa
8195:Wemale
8185:Huaulu
8180:Nuaulu
8174:Kayeli
8059:Lisela
8010:Kowiai
7957:Telaʼa
7937:Serili
7932:Masela
7859:Dengka
7835:Makuva
7815:Romang
7792:Naueti
7787:Midiki
7782:Waimoa
7777:Kairui
7754:Galoli
7733:Bekais
7728:Mambai
7692:Helong
7659:Mariri
7649:Lorang
7547:Selaru
7539:Selaru
7525:Mingar
7495:Levuka
7459:Kedang
7423:Rongga
7418:Ngadha
7398:Paluʼe
7383:Rajong
7363:Komodo
7326:Wejewa
7316:Pondok
7131:Mamasa
7119:Toraja
7105:Pannei
7095:Bambam
7043:Mandar
7038:Mamuju
6994:Badaic
6837:Kamaru
6795:Sarudu
6785:Pamona
6740:Totoli
6735:Tomini
6720:Pendau
6675:Saluan
6554:Tolaki
6514:Bungku
6290:Sikule
6234:Moklen
6210:Rejang
6137:Temuan
6021:Duanoʼ
5996:Banjar
5991:Bamayo
5922:Ibanic
5900:Roglai
5805:Biatah
5747:Aoheng
5732:Modang
5672:Burusu
5595:Tutong
5580:Belait
5565:Saʼban
5472:Paluan
5467:Okolod
5462:Baukan
5413:Tatana
5334:Kuijau
5260:Molbog
5255:Bonggi
5250:Idaʼan
5086:Malang
5057:Barito
5032:Manide
4970:Tonsea
4937:Talaud
4922:Bantik
4849:Suwawa
4731:Agusan
4723:Manobo
4703:Iranun
4593:Kamayo
4560:Tausug
4444:Baybay
4240:Sambal
4210:Ambala
4131:Ibaloi
4108:Tuwali
4088:Isinai
4083:Ifugao
4078:Bontoc
4023:Itawis
4013:Ibanag
3937:Ivatan
3852:Paiwan
3847:Puyuma
3820:Siraya
3727:Babuza
3687:Seediq
3682:Atayal
3655:Saaroa
3637:Tsouic
3619:Rukaic
3412:Tobian
3189:Yapese
3099:
3074:
3049:
3024:
2999:
2974:
2949:
2924:
2890:
2849:
2809:
2651:ngaei
2302:*nt,nd
2261:*mp,ŋp
1984:Dental
1885:mwahw
1865:pwung
1862:'not'
1618:
1574:
1540:
1532:to use
1333:aewael
1327:awoahn
1268:isikis
1259:pahkis
1206:isipas
1200:luhpas
1197:pahpas
1124:Areiso
1109:Sengek
1097:Lelidi
1064:Meseis
1052:E Sehm
1049:E Ling
990:(July)
984:(June)
648:*nt,nd
607:*mp,ŋp
476:, and
210:UNESCO
48:Region
11835:Anuta
11776:Māori
11706:Takuu
11638:Lauan
11475:Mapia
11335:Paicî
11320:Kumak
11300:Haeke
11243:Orowe
11238:Numèè
11180:Drehu
11111:Tanna
11051:Najit
11041:Rutan
11036:Vivti
11016:Tirax
11001:Rerep
10981:Ninde
10886:Axamb
10876:Avava
10871:Aulua
10843:Lamen
10685:Sakao
10680:Mores
10648:Araki
10544:Vurës
10538:Volow
10528:Olrat
10498:Löyöp
10478:Lakon
10463:Dorig
10444:North
10410:Nimoa
10394:Muyuw
10358:Anuki
10323:Gweda
10223:Iduna
10129:Mbula
10124:Maleu
10119:Amara
10114:Ronji
10003:Aigon
9983:Takia
9968:Marik
9928:Gitua
9900:Yamap
9895:Vehes
9865:Kapin
9830:Musom
9810:Duwet
9784:Yabem
9756:Wogeo
9741:Manam
9716:Kaiep
9668:Yamna
9663:Wakde
9648:Sobei
9586:North
9555:Zazao
9519:Torau
9504:Solos
9499:Simbo
9484:Ririo
9464:Nehan
9459:Nduke
9438:Laghu
9417:Hoava
9412:Halia
9402:Hahon
9352:Tolai
9312:Label
9286:Bilur
9270:Madak
9260:Barok
9253:Madak
9244:Notsi
9234:Lihir
9227:Tabar
9213:Tigak
9208:Tiang
9203:Nalik
9113:Meso–
9088:Oroha
9073:Kwaio
9017:Kahua
9012:Bauro
9002:Arosi
8964:Ghari
8959:Birao
8954:Lengo
8912:Noipx
8895:Äiwoo
8867:Teanu
8816:Tenis
8746:Nauna
8720:Manus
8598:Marau
8593:Ansus
8588:Ambai
8580:Yapen
8519:Sawai
8455:Maden
8448:Maden
8434:Maʼya
8413:Ambel
8353:SHWNG
8240:Boano
8152:Liana
8147:Salas
8126:Bobot
8116:Geser
8106:Banda
7989:Serua
7904:Babar
7854:Bilba
7830:Luang
7820:Kisar
7798:Habun
7749:Wetar
7718:Kemak
7697:Tetum
7629:Karey
7624:Dobel
7591:Sekar
7388:Kepoʼ
7373:Riung
7341:Gaura
7288:Sumba
7100:Dakka
7069:Maiwa
7007:Behoa
6906:Taman
6884:Bugis
6853:Wolio
6832:Kalao
6800:Sedoa
6790:Rampi
6770:Kaili
6730:Tajio
6715:Lauje
6710:Dondo
6699:Boano
6665:Batui
6650:Andio
6592:Busoa
6544:Padoe
6477:Sasak
6424:Osing
6360:Nasal
6323:Dairi
6305:Batak
6229:Moken
6182:Baduy
6112:Pekal
6036:Jakun
5964:Malay
5946:Remun
5890:Jarai
5885:Haroi
5835:Ribun
5815:Jagoi
5795:Laraʼ
5767:Murik
5757:Punan
5737:Segai
5727:Bahau
5722:Kayan
5703:Lelak
5692:Bukat
5682:Sajau
5590:Narom
5585:Kiput
5570:Tring
5544:Penan
5529:Tutoh
5524:Sebob
5477:Ganaʼ
5437:Tagol
5419:Papar
5301:Lotud
5209:Basap
5194:Yakan
5174:Mapun
5169:Bajaw
5136:Ngaju
5126:Siang
5121:Dohoi
5116:Kohin
5081:Deyah
5074:Bushi
5000:Klata
4899:Tboli
4894:Blaan
4886:Bilic
4834:Lolak
4695:Danao
4652:Batak
4565:Waray
4550:Sulod
4525:Onhan
4373:Bikol
4301:Buhid
4267:Iraya
4146:Karao
4136:Iwaak
4093:Itneg
4028:Yogad
4018:Isnag
3857:Bunun
3769:Basay
3716:Kulon
3710:Pazeh
3627:Rukai
3467:Mapia
2847:JSTOR
2667:kisa
2657:kihs
2635:Dual
2529:*p, ∅
2464:*p, ∅
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2293:*s,nj
2270:*m,ŋm
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2207:ɔ ɔː
2202:ɛ ɛː
2192:o oː
2187:e eː
2177:u uː
2172:i iː
2168:Close
2151:Front
2101:Trill
2015:Nasal
2001:plain
1994:Velar
1879:sou-
1825:from
1821:-sang
1786:down
1607:pwung
1563:mwahu
1339:eisik
1305:duoau
1302:waelu
1296:wonou
1293:limau
1274:duoau
1219:aemen
1188:aepas
1115:Dapas
1073:Medel
994:Idihd
978:(May)
875:*p, ∅
810:*p, ∅
642:*ns,j
639:*s,nj
616:*m,ŋm
444:, oh
405:denki
401:denki
380:Maing
372:maing
347:‘Aewa
237:atoll
235:, an
227:is a
11840:Emae
11804:Rapa
11617:East
11591:West
11340:Pije
11325:Nemi
11315:Jawe
11295:Fwâi
11285:Caac
11263:Zire
11248:Tîrî
11233:Neku
11223:Arhö
11218:Arhâ
11213:Ajië
11185:Iaai
11056:Njav
11021:Unua
11011:Tape
10966:Nese
10956:Nāti
10853:Maii
10848:Lewo
10828:Baki
10770:Eton
10720:Wusi
10665:Kiai
10642:Aore
10637:Akei
10618:Sowa
10603:Apma
10577:Raga
10523:Nume
10503:Mota
10473:Koro
10318:Ubir
10298:Doga
10253:Duau
10248:Dobu
10193:Suau
10139:Tami
10109:Mato
10074:Lote
10054:Gimi
10044:Avau
9948:Mutu
9938:Lusi
9933:Kove
9860:Iwal
9855:Hote
9835:Nafi
9825:Mari
9815:Labu
9779:Kela
9751:Sepa
9731:Biem
9691:Sera
9633:Ormu
9623:Liki
9608:Anus
9509:Teop
9479:Piva
9407:Hakö
9337:Siar
9193:Kara
9166:Vitu
9161:Bali
9135:Bulu
9130:Bola
9063:Wala
8997:Saʼa
8949:Gela
8841:Amba
8664:Umar
8654:Yaur
8638:Wabo
8608:Wooi
8570:Roon
8555:Biak
8524:Gebe
8509:Maba
8504:Buli
8499:Taba
8494:Gane
8418:Biga
8387:Yoke
8306:Latu
8270:Laha
8260:Hitu
8224:Luhu
8136:Hoti
8111:Bati
8095:East
8076:Sula
8054:Buru
8042:West
7983:Nila
7978:Teun
7864:Lole
7825:Leti
7669:Ujir
7644:Lola
7639:Kola
7634:Koba
7586:Onin
7454:Sika
7428:Soʼa
7403:Ende
7336:Kodi
7278:Dhao
7273:Hawu
7265:Savu
7237:Bima
7230:Bima
7143:Lawa
7059:Duri
7012:Napu
7002:Bada
6961:Seko
6858:Wotu
6780:Moma
6725:Taje
6622:Muna
6564:Waru
6338:Toba
6328:Karo
6313:Alas
6285:Nias
6275:Gayo
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3993:Atta
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3754:East
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3645:Tsou
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