845:
771:
833:
813:
798:
338:
40:
222:
93:
442:
68:
783:
536:
357:. However, it is quite capable of survival and success in dry soils once it is established. It can grow into a massive tree with many examples hundreds of years old. Around ten trees are known from the past and present with a diameter of 4 m (13 ft) or more with several specimens around 100 m (3,500 cu ft) in total volume.
372:-like. It usually has flaking bark, occasionally not flaking and becoming thick and rugged. Flowers and fruit are round and burr-like, borne in clusters of between two and six on a stem. Considerable variation exists among trees in the wild, and this may be complicated by crossbreeding with planted
476:
Many villages in Greece feature plane trees in their main squares, frequently found alongside them are water springs that in the past would serve as the main water source for the villagers; usually these are quite old trees with their age seen as a point of pride for the local inhabitants.
404:
The tree is capable of being grown in most temperate latitudes, though it benefits greatly from warm summers. As a very large and wide tree with broad, thick leaves that tend to orient horizontally, it is especially prized for the shade and coolness it provides during the hot season.
595:
became a major garden and landscape tree, and dominates many historic gardens. It is a living heritage of
Kashmir. It is seen as a symbol for the region. It is a majestic tree that can be found throughout the landscape of the valley, hillsides and cities, generally called
511:
in Belgic Gaul. Regardless of why it may have been introduced, the tree had medicinal uses from early times. Pliny details 25 remedies using preparation from the bark, leaves and excrescences of plane. Pliny prescribes it for burns, bites, stings, frostbite and infections.
477:
Occasionally the oldest trees exhibit partially hollowed out trunks, with cavities large enough to provide amusement opportunities for local or visiting children and teenagers, and even serving (along with the rest of the tree) as tourist attractions or at least in one
977:
329:,Israel to the south and to the Himalayas in the east. As it has been known in cultivation from early times in much of this region it can be difficult to determine if it is truly indigenous in peripheral areas.
639:
Chinar trees are being felled rapidly in
Kashmir, although a ban was enacted in 2009 to curb cutting. Chinar trees are now required to be registered, considered State Property, and painted white at their base.
498:
records the westward progress of the plane "introduced among us from a foreign clime for nothing but its shade", planted first at the tomb of
Diomedes on the island of Tremiti, then imported to Greek Sicily by
844:
507:(Reggio di Calabria), where they were looked upon as the great marvel of his palace, according to Pliny's sources. From there it spread by the first century CE as far as the lands of the
461:, is reputed to have been an oriental plane. A 500-year-old tree presently there may be on the same site and may have been planted from a succession of cuttings from the original. The
255:, growing to 30 m (98 ft) or more, and known for its longevity and spreading crown. In autumn its deep green leaves may change to blood red, amber, and yellow.
632:, is believed by many in Kashmir to be the world's oldest surviving chinar tree. Planting of chinar trees in Kashmir was greatly patronised by the Mughals, and later by
574:
in the 14th century AD, while Hindu
Kashmiris hold a view that the tree was traditionally planted near Hindu holy places in Kashmir and is associated with Hindu goddess
1317:
515:
Pliny goes on to describe some legendary plane trees. There was one on the grounds of the
Athenian Academy, he says, that had roots 50 feet (15 m) long.
616:. The tree known for its elegance and exuberance has remained an attraction for artists and litterateurs. One tree believed to be planted in 1374 A.D at the
812:
1490:
1805:
2045:
1870:
1563:
1955:
1753:
924:
745:
1818:
1766:
408:
It grows best in rich soil in a sunny location and can survive drought well. Although young plants appreciate regular watering.
2095:
1893:
267:
means 'eastern' (in comparison, the 'western' plane (or
American sycamore), the only other species known to Linnaeus, is named
1849:
832:
726:
1934:
1823:
1415:
1327:
1111:
2105:
2090:
741:
552:
1717:
960:
2100:
1299:
915:
277:
in ancient Greek history and literature and by related names in continental Europe. Equally well known in Asia from
2075:
2055:
1875:
1088:
1465:
797:
1792:
2070:
1898:
1500:
1341:
1973:
1161:
748:, held in India, the chinar tree was featured prominently in the 'tree of knowledge' segment of the ceremony.
2085:
1857:
1613:
1735:
1281:
581:
1657:
1981:
1647:
1642:
478:
416:
The leaves and bark have been used medicinally. A fabric dye has been made from the twigs and roots. The
1187:
1968:
1771:
1018:
1013:
1001:
850:
The
Tresteno Plane, 3.8 m in diameter at breast height, one of the largest volume oriental plane trees.
770:
733:
494:
1547:
2080:
1885:
1844:
92:
2065:
893:
722:
1960:
1730:
1683:
1063:
621:
20:
2060:
1810:
1575:
1514:
707:
424:, is figured and valuable for indoor furniture. The leaves are also often used by artists for
752:
683:
649:
648:
near
Srinagar with over 700 chinar trees has been developed as a Chinar Heritage Park by the
523:
another for 15 plus servants in a tree house (nest) built in the branches of a plane-tree at
269:
196:
1924:
686:
contains a specimen, known as The
Pococke Tree, which is understood to have been planted by
1836:
1691:
1390:
1039:
8:
2009:
613:
500:
454:
57:
1947:
345:
The oriental plane is found naturally in riverine settings, together with such trees as
2017:
1557:
1322:
1263:
1220:
819:
711:
87:
1552:
2050:
1919:
1665:
1522:
1267:
1255:
956:
870:
669:
605:
516:
389:
326:
2022:
1670:
1247:
888:
661:
462:
381:
252:
1624:
1986:
1906:
1366:
782:
737:
489:
130:
1862:
503:(c. 432-367 BC), tyrant of Syracuse. He had plane-trees conveyed to the city of
469:
of planes where the students listened to the masters and where among others the
337:
1942:
1238:
Mooney-Singh, Chris (2014). "Pantun of the Chinar Grove (Sri Nagar, Kashmir)".
687:
645:
567:
117:
72:
1005:
39:
2039:
1831:
1722:
1598:
1285:
1259:
879:
665:
633:
588:
212:
77:
1064:"Platanus orientalis Oriental Plane, Oriental planetree PFAF Plant Database"
584:
revealed charcoal remains of
Platanus orientalis from the Neolithic period.
441:
221:
1999:
1440:
1416:"Oriental plane in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, United Kingdom"
755:
is thought to be the inspiration for the Tumtum tree in Lewis Carol's poem
718:
703:
470:
466:
425:
373:
310:
1251:
1779:
1607:
756:
676:
641:
540:
446:
163:
1911:
1745:
1634:
1201:
1758:
1495:
617:
519:
held a banquet for 19 in a hollow plane-tree of Lycia, and the emperor
1784:
1704:
1303:
620:
village by an Islamic mystic Syed Abul Qaim Hamadani who accompanied
245:
153:
1569:
1994:
1592:
1173:
823:
548:
544:
524:
520:
361:
318:
278:
173:
143:
1797:
1709:
928:
672:
as the tree with the greatest known spread in the United Kingdom.
364:, its leaves are borne alternately on the stem, deeply lobed, and
1678:
1562:- information, genetic conservation units and related resources.
804:
629:
576:
504:
457:, under which Hippocrates — the "Father of Medicine" — taught at
365:
354:
298:
725:
continues to include the leaf. Many universities, including the
1696:
691:
508:
417:
350:
1112:"Leaf Carving Artists In China Branching Out Into Pop Culture"
694:. With a girth of around 9 metres it is the oldest in the UK.
535:
788:
556:
369:
346:
314:
282:
104:
1162:"Chinar Tree, "Bouin" of Kashmir- Symbol of Goddess Bhawani"
862:
625:
571:
322:
248:
1391:"Corsham Court Oriental plane 'most spreading tree in UK'"
955:. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136.
458:
868:
1302:. Official Website of Anantag District. Archived from
598:
587:
After the advent of Muslim rule, especially under the
325:. Some accounts extend its native range west to the
1491:"National Identity Elements - States Ut Symbol G L"
717:The Chinar leaf is considered a national symbol in
1188:"Prehistoric Archaeology of Kashmir: An Overview"
1040:"Oriental Planes (Platanus orientalis) worldwide"
2037:
1206:Official Website of Jammu & Kashmir Tourism
894:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T33951A68135880.en
1221:"627-year-old living legend found in Kashmir"
675:An example dating to at least 1762 is one of
19:"Chinar" redirects here. For other uses, see
1237:
1159:
1089:"Incredible Artwork Hand-Carved From Leaves"
1086:
1564:European Forest Genetic Resources Programme
1218:
702:A plane tree is the main theme in the aria
1109:
751:The Pococke Tree in the Pococke Garden at
317:east through the Balkans, Turkey, and the
220:
66:
38:
892:
1466:"Christ Church College's Hidden Gardens"
1318:"Ban on cutting Chinar trees in Kashmir"
925:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
746:2010 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony
534:
449:, possibly a descendant of the original.
440:
336:
543:island containing four chinar trees on
2038:
978:"Chinar: The Heritage Tree of Kashmir"
714:, admires the shade of a plane tree.
697:
670:The Tree Register of the British Isles
1574:
1573:
1342:"Where Do Chinar Trees Grow In India"
953:RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants
908:
838:Leaf Of Platanus Orientalis (Kashmir)
2046:IUCN Red List data deficient species
1886:de46fe81-2bae-47ce-833d-46a6521dc32c
975:
945:
914:
727:University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
690:from seed he collected in 1636 from
994:
880:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
431:
13:
869:Barstow, M.; Rivers, M.C. (2017).
562:Muslim Kashmiris believe that the
341:Fruit and leaves of Oriental plane
14:
2117:
1541:
976:Kaul, Prof Upendra (2023-08-23).
826:, Jammu and Kashmir during autumn
655:
1974:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:685873-1
1160:Wanchoo, Pran Nath (2001–2002).
1087:Dina Spector (August 18, 2011).
1000:
843:
831:
811:
796:
781:
769:
91:
1507:
1483:
1458:
1433:
1408:
1383:
1359:
1334:
1310:
1292:
1274:
1231:
1212:
1194:
1180:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1126:
710:, in which the main character,
668:in Wiltshire was identified by
1326:. 5 March 2009. Archived from
1110:David Moye (August 16, 2011).
1103:
1080:
1056:
1032:
969:
660:In 2011 a specimen planted by
399:
332:
1:
2096:Least concern biota of Europe
855:
679:' thirteen 'Heritage Trees'.
465:, outside Athens, featured a
445:The "Tree of Hippocrates" in
411:
582:Burzahom archaeological site
258:
7:
2106:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2091:Least concern biota of Asia
599:
10:
2122:
1219:Rajesh Bhat (2007-12-24).
1019:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1014:Plants of the World Online
762:
729:also include the symbol.
570:by Islamic preachers from
530:
18:
1582:
436:
293:. It is locally known as
228:
219:
202:
195:
88:Scientific classification
86:
64:
55:
46:
37:
30:
2101:Plants described in 1753
580:. Excavations from the
304:
2076:Garden plants of Europe
2056:Flora of temperate Asia
622:Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani
484:
273:). The tree was called
21:Chinar (disambiguation)
1519:The Gardens Trust blog
803:Cambron-Casteau Park,
719:Azad Jammu and Kashmir
708:George Frideric Handel
682:The Pococke Garden at
559:
473:practiced philosophy.
450:
342:
2071:Garden plants of Asia
1515:"Alice in Gardenland"
1503:on September 8, 2017.
1252:10.1353/man.2014.0024
887:: e.T33951A68135880.
684:Christ Church, Oxford
650:University of Kashmir
538:
444:
394:Platanus occidentalis
378:Platanus x acerifolia
340:
313:distribution is from
270:Platanus occidentalis
2086:Least concern plants
1282:"Symbol of Paradise"
1614:Platanus orientalis
1584:Platanus orientalis
1559:Platanus orientalis
1553:Platanus orientalis
1548:Plants for a Future
1420:monumentaltrees.com
1371:www.gardenvisit.com
1330:on 24 October 2012.
1044:MonumentalTrees.com
1008:Platanus orientalis
873:Platanus orientalis
698:Cultural references
566:was brought to the
501:Dionysius the Elder
455:Tree of Hippocrates
285:and usually called
251:of the Platanaceae
237:Platanus orientalis
206:Platanus orientalis
58:Conservation status
49:Platanus orientalis
32:Platanus orientalis
1323:The Times of India
1091:. Business Insider
820:Kashmir University
712:Xerxes I of Persia
560:
451:
343:
263:The species' name
188:P. orientalis
47:Natural forest of
2033:
2032:
1920:Open Tree of Life
1576:Taxon identifiers
1523:The Gardens Trust
1114:. Huffington Post
742:Jammu and Kashmir
553:Jammu and Kashmir
517:Licinius Mucianus
390:American sycamore
233:
232:
229:Distribution map
81:
2113:
2081:Ornamental trees
2026:
2025:
2013:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1990:
1989:
1977:
1976:
1964:
1963:
1951:
1950:
1938:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1915:
1914:
1902:
1901:
1889:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1866:
1865:
1863:NBNSYS0000042166
1853:
1852:
1840:
1839:
1827:
1826:
1814:
1813:
1801:
1800:
1788:
1787:
1775:
1774:
1762:
1761:
1749:
1748:
1739:
1738:
1726:
1725:
1713:
1712:
1700:
1699:
1687:
1686:
1674:
1673:
1661:
1660:
1651:
1650:
1638:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1571:
1570:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1499:. Archived from
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1441:"Pococke Garden"
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1172:. Archived from
1157:
1151:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1025:
998:
992:
991:
989:
988:
973:
967:
966:
949:
943:
942:
940:
939:
933:
927:. Archived from
922:
912:
906:
905:
903:
901:
896:
866:
847:
835:
815:
800:
785:
773:
662:Capability Brown
602:
463:Athenian Academy
432:Cultural history
224:
208:
96:
95:
75:
70:
69:
42:
28:
27:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2066:Trees of Europe
2036:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2021:
2016:
2008:
2006:
1998:
1993:
1985:
1980:
1972:
1967:
1959:
1954:
1946:
1941:
1933:
1931:
1923:
1918:
1910:
1907:Observation.org
1905:
1897:
1892:
1884:
1882:
1874:
1869:
1861:
1856:
1848:
1843:
1835:
1830:
1822:
1817:
1809:
1804:
1796:
1791:
1783:
1778:
1770:
1765:
1757:
1752:
1744:
1742:
1734:
1729:
1721:
1716:
1708:
1703:
1695:
1690:
1682:
1677:
1669:
1664:
1656:
1654:
1646:
1641:
1633:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1578:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1528:
1526:
1525:. 20 March 2021
1513:
1512:
1508:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1400:
1398:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1375:
1373:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1351:
1349:
1346:India Gardening
1340:
1339:
1335:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1288:. 16 June 2013.
1280:
1279:
1275:
1236:
1232:
1217:
1213:
1208:. May 19, 2020.
1200:
1199:
1195:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1117:
1115:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1085:
1081:
1072:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1048:
1046:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1023:
1021:
999:
995:
986:
984:
982:Greater Kashmir
974:
970:
963:
951:
950:
946:
937:
935:
931:
920:
913:
909:
899:
897:
867:
863:
858:
851:
848:
839:
836:
827:
818:Chinars at the
816:
807:
801:
792:
786:
777:
774:
765:
738:union territory
723:government seal
700:
658:
533:
495:Natural History
487:
439:
434:
420:, often called
414:
402:
335:
307:
261:
215:
210:
204:
191:
90:
82:
71:
67:
60:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2119:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2023:wfo-0000487086
2014:
2004:
1991:
1978:
1965:
1952:
1939:
1929:
1916:
1903:
1890:
1880:
1867:
1854:
1841:
1828:
1815:
1802:
1789:
1776:
1763:
1750:
1740:
1727:
1714:
1701:
1688:
1675:
1662:
1652:
1639:
1629:
1619:
1604:
1588:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1568:
1567:
1555:
1550:
1543:
1542:External links
1540:
1537:
1536:
1506:
1482:
1457:
1432:
1407:
1382:
1358:
1333:
1309:
1306:on 2009-03-13.
1291:
1273:
1230:
1211:
1193:
1179:
1176:on 2006-12-05.
1152:
1143:
1134:
1125:
1102:
1079:
1055:
1031:
993:
968:
962:978-1405332965
961:
944:
917:BSBI List 2007
907:
860:
859:
857:
854:
853:
852:
849:
842:
840:
837:
830:
828:
817:
810:
808:
802:
795:
793:
787:
780:
778:
775:
768:
764:
761:
736:of the Indian
699:
696:
688:Edward Pococke
657:
656:United Kingdom
654:
568:Kashmir valley
532:
529:
486:
483:
438:
435:
433:
430:
413:
410:
401:
398:
334:
331:
306:
303:
260:
257:
244:, is a large,
242:Oriental plane
231:
230:
226:
225:
217:
216:
211:
200:
199:
193:
192:
185:
183:
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171:
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141:
134:
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128:
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115:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
84:
83:
73:Data Deficient
65:
62:
61:
56:
53:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2118:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:Trees of Asia
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1936:
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467:sacred grove
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1780:iNaturalist
1608:Wikispecies
1470:OX Magazine
1425:7 September
900:13 November
757:Jabberwocky
677:Kew Gardens
642:Naseem Bagh
541:Char Chinar
447:Kos, Greece
400:Cultivation
362:plane trees
360:Like other
333:Description
164:Platanaceae
131:Angiosperms
51:in Armenia
2040:Categories
1943:Plant List
1655:Calflora:
1566:(EUFORGEN)
1496:Know India
1401:2011-07-06
1376:2020-10-21
1352:2020-01-27
1073:2020-01-27
1049:2022-06-03
987:2024-09-04
938:2014-10-17
856:References
734:State tree
732:It is the
618:Chattergam
614:Hindustani
481:a shrine.
412:Other uses
265:orientalis
1736:200010590
1529:23 August
1475:23 August
1450:23 August
1300:"Climate"
1268:143772200
1260:1527-943X
388:with the
259:Etymology
246:deciduous
182:Species:
154:Proteales
101:Kingdom:
2051:Platanus
2000:25300016
1995:Tropicos
1811:10696836
1798:685873-1
1632:BioLib:
1593:Wikidata
1395:BBC News
1068:pfaf.org
1024:8 August
824:Srinagar
791:, Turkey
606:Kashmiri
549:Srinagar
545:Dal lake
525:Velletri
521:Caligula
479:occasion
422:lacewood
319:Caucasus
279:Anatolia
175:Platanus
160:Family:
144:Eudicots
78:IUCN 3.1
1845:MoBotPF
1759:3152816
1679:Ecocrop
1599:Q161105
1166:Vitasta
1141:XXIV.29
1118:May 30,
1095:May 30,
805:Belgium
776:Foliage
763:Gallery
630:Kashmir
589:Mughals
577:Bhavani
539:Famous
531:Kashmir
505:Rhegium
380:), the
366:palmate
299:Kashmir
275:platane
170:Genus:
150:Order:
105:Plantae
76: (
1956:PLANTS
1925:787466
1883:NZOR:
1876:122832
1850:285139
1824:195053
1785:181682
1746:PLAORI
1743:FoIO:
1723:177849
1697:596130
1648:254315
1625:198016
1622:APDB:
1266:
1258:
1132:XII.3.
959:
721:. The
692:Aleppo
610:chinar
600:booune
593:Chinar
564:chinar
509:Morini
437:Greece
418:timber
382:hybrid
355:poplar
351:willow
327:Iberia
311:native
291:chenar
287:chinar
253:family
240:, the
2007:WoI:
1987:13228
1961:PLOR6
1932:PFI:
1894:NZPCN
1837:33951
1806:IRMNG
1772:28803
1718:EUNIS
1710:PLTOR
1671:4JN3Q
1264:S2CID
1240:Manoa
1150:XII.5
932:(xls)
921:(xls)
789:Bursa
624:from
557:India
490:Pliny
370:maple
347:alder
315:Italy
305:Range
295:bouin
283:India
138:Clade
125:Clade
112:Clade
1969:POWO
1935:1705
1912:9209
1899:7695
1871:NCBI
1832:IUCN
1819:ITIS
1793:IPNI
1767:GRIN
1754:GBIF
1705:EPPO
1684:8744
1658:9389
1643:BOLD
1635:3492
1531:2022
1477:2022
1452:2022
1427:2018
1256:ISSN
1170:XXXV
1120:2016
1097:2016
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1002:POWO
957:ISBN
902:2021
885:2017
644:, a
626:Iran
608:and
572:Iran
485:Rome
453:The
353:and
323:Iran
309:The
249:tree
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2018:WFO
2010:220
1982:RHS
1858:NBN
1731:FoC
1692:EoL
1666:CoL
1248:doi
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