1157:
1169:
1118:
1145:
29:
293:
news that he had inherited a title and land in
England following his brother's death. The ship also brought news about the death of Sir John Popham, a major investor in the Plymouth Company. When Gilbert left for England on the returning ship, the discouraged colonists followed him, abandoning Popham Colony.
296:
Beyond crises of leadership, the colony faced poor relationships with local Native
Americans and were unable to trade with nearby tribes. The colony was also burdened with few natural resources to exploit and few skilled workers to take advantage of them. Even their time of arrival, two months later
292:
Popham Colony fared better than
Jamestown in the cold winter of 1607, and their president, George Popham, was the only colonist who died. Fifty colonists returned to England that December. Leadership fell to second-in-command Raleigh Gilbert for six months, until a supply ship in autumn 1608 brought
297:
than the settlers of
Jamestown, gave them less time to prepare for the harsh Maine winter. Unlike Jamestown, colonists abandoned Popham Colony before they found a resource or product to profit from. They did, however, produce the first ship built by English colonists in the Americas, the
41:
and
Plymouth companies. The overlapping area (yellow) was granted to both companies on the condition that neither found a settlement within 100 miles (160 km) of the other. Jamestown is noted by "J." The Spanish settlement of
310:
with a new charter, the New
England Charter of 1620. The Plymouth Company had 40 patentees at that point, and established the Council for New England to oversee their efforts, but it stopped operating in 1624.
314:
The
Council for New England was not dissolved until 1635 and issued several patents after 1624, including one to John Mason for New Hampshire and to New Plymouth Colony with the Bradford patent of 1630.
836:
236:. Competition between the two branches with overlapping territory was intended to motivate efficient settlement, but only the Virginia Company succeeded in establishing a permanent colony.
888:
303:. Despite failing to establish a permanent settlement, the knowledge of local peoples and geography proved useful for future colonial endeavors under the Council for New England.
671:
262:) agreed to finance the settlers’ trip in return for repayment of their expenses plus interest out of the profits made. The Plymouth Company established the one-year
1057:
911:
247:
had both recently received royal charters by their governments. The
Virginia Company represented a new strategy that relied less on protected trade and ports:
606:
601:
280:, arrived in August 1607 with around 100 settlers. The colony was led by George Popham, nephew of Sir John Popham, and Raleigh Gilbert, nephew of
841:
373:
Burbank, Jane and
Frederick Cooper. "Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference." Princeton University Press, 2010, p. 173-4.
1199:
521:
464:
576:
477:
1194:
333:
Corporations: A Study of the Origin and
Development of Great Business Combinations and of Their Relation to the Authority of the State
571:
383:
1189:
306:
The Popham Colony was abandoned in 1608. In 1620, after years of disuse, the Plymouth Company was revived and reorganized as the
251:. Many of these early colonists sought to establish lasting communities with political institutions, as developed in Jamestown.
858:
239:
The Virginia Company emerged at a time when European empires chartered corporations for their imperial efforts. The English
938:
561:
209:
1084:
760:
514:
490:
408:
1001:
307:
1204:
749:
646:
1156:
996:
853:
848:
556:
1121:
676:
546:
507:
933:
818:
591:
1135:
1062:
1039:
1024:
968:
803:
742:
626:
434:
1209:
1079:
1074:
991:
916:
813:
780:
775:
765:
651:
1102:
958:
928:
798:
691:
631:
244:
43:
616:
611:
228:
The Plymouth Company was funded by wealthy investors from Plymouth, Bristol, and Exeter such as
1069:
1029:
1019:
943:
1034:
923:
656:
361:
101:
755:
686:
681:
8:
963:
948:
770:
666:
641:
581:
248:
229:
217:
213:
47:
1173:
873:
661:
586:
298:
240:
75:
898:
696:
530:
336:
233:
1149:
973:
878:
711:
596:
267:
868:
863:
701:
636:
551:
449:
421:
344:
953:
883:
721:
706:
621:
566:
538:
281:
205:
201:
112:
38:
34:
1183:
1161:
903:
808:
276:
263:
255:
51:
348:
340:
467:
Dictionary of American History. encyclopedia.com, Retrieved April 15, 2024.
138:
28:
259:
166:
61:
499:
480:
A Gazetteer of the State of Maine. Boston: B. B. Russell, 1886, p. 75.
176:
828:
1049:
790:
197:
1094:
1011:
733:
180:
149:
983:
79:
409:"First Charter of the Virginia Company of London,1606"
1133:
266:
in present-day Maine in 1607, the northern answer to
330:
137:Dissolved following transformation of areas into
1181:
362:"The Plymouth Colony Patent: Setting the Stage."
515:
577:Company of Merchant Adventurers to New Lands
522:
508:
27:
572:Company of Merchant Adventurers of London
934:Imperial Company of Trieste and Antwerp
529:
46:, the French settlements of Québec and
1182:
503:
401:
1200:English colonization of the Americas
939:Imperial Privileged Oriental Company
478:“History of Kennebec County, Maine.”
460:
458:
445:
443:
437:Smithsonian Magazine, February 2004.
210:colonizing the east coast of America
483:
13:
1085:Royal Greenland Trading Department
14:
1221:
1195:1624 disestablishments in England
761:Company of One Hundred Associates
455:
440:
1167:
1155:
1143:
1117:
1116:
1002:Royal Company of the Philippines
750:Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique
308:Plymouth Council for New England
16:Division of the Virginia Company
470:
1190:1606 establishments in England
889:Pernambuco and Paraíba Company
859:Grão Pará and Maranhão Company
427:
415:
376:
367:
354:
324:
1:
997:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
849:Cacheu and Cape Verde Company
557:British American Land Company
491:"New England Charter of 1620"
331:John Patterson Davis (1905),
318:
547:African Company of Merchants
452:Maine an Encyclopedia, 2016.
424:Maine an Encyclopedia, 2016.
194:Virginia Company of Plymouth
22:Virginia Company of Plymouth
7:
799:Brandenburg African Company
592:Eastern Archipelago Company
562:British East Africa Company
335:, NY: G. P. Putnam's Sons,
10:
1226:
1040:Swedish West India Company
1025:Swedish East India Company
969:Compagnie van De Moucheron
722:Virginia Company of London
627:London and Bristol Company
364:Pilgrim Hall Museum, 2007.
287:
223:
206:Virginia Company of London
192:, officially known as the
1111:
1093:
1080:Danish West India Company
1075:Danish East India Company
1048:
1010:
992:Barcelona Trading Company
982:
897:
827:
789:
732:
672:Royal West Indian Company
652:Providence Island Company
632:Massachusetts Bay Company
537:
172:
160:
144:
133:
118:
108:
85:
71:
59:
26:
1103:Russian-American Company
959:Dutch West India Company
929:Dutch East India Company
692:South Australian Company
245:Dutch East India Company
208:with responsibility for
743:Compagnie de l'Occident
465:"Sagadahoc, Colony at."
204:in 1606 along with the
91:; 418 years ago
1205:History of New England
1070:Danish Asiatic Company
1058:Danish African Company
1030:Swedish Levant Company
1020:Swedish Africa Company
944:New Netherland Company
912:Australische Compagnie
435:"Maine's Lost Colony."
1035:Swedish South Company
924:Brabantsche Compagnie
657:Royal African Company
300:Virginia of Sagadahoc
234:Sir Ferdinando Gorges
122:24 May 1624
819:West African Company
756:Company of Habitants
687:Somers Isles Company
682:Sierra Leone Company
677:South Africa Company
647:North Borneo Company
617:Hudson's Bay Company
433:Beckenstein, Myron.
388:www.encyclopedia.com
254:The merchants (with
964:Compagnie van Verre
949:Noordsche Compagnie
804:East Africa Company
771:Mississippi Company
667:Royal Niger Company
642:New Zealand Company
582:Company of Scotland
531:Chartered companies
249:settler colonialism
89:(10 April 1606
33:The 1606 grants by
23:
874:Mozambique Company
854:East India Company
814:New Guinea Company
781:West India Company
766:East India Company
662:Royal British Bank
587:East India Company
476:Varney, George J.
282:Sir Walter Raleigh
241:East India Company
76:Maritime transport
21:
1131:
1130:
864:Company of Guinea
697:South Sea Company
607:Greenland Company
270:. Two ships, the
186:
185:
1217:
1210:Virginia Company
1172:
1171:
1170:
1160:
1159:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1120:
1119:
1066:
974:Veerse Compagnie
920:
879:Zambezia Company
845:
717:Plymouth Company
712:Virginia Company
597:Eastland Company
524:
517:
510:
501:
500:
495:
494:
487:
481:
474:
468:
462:
453:
450:"Popham Colony."
447:
438:
431:
425:
422:"Popham Colony."
419:
413:
412:
405:
399:
398:
396:
394:
384:"Popham, George"
380:
374:
371:
365:
360:Baker, Peggy M.
358:
352:
351:
328:
268:Jamestown Colony
196:, was a company
190:Plymouth Company
129:
127:
99:
97:
92:
67:Plymouth Company
31:
24:
20:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1107:
1089:
1060:
1044:
1006:
978:
914:
902:
893:
839:
823:
785:
776:Senegal Company
728:
702:Spanish Company
637:Muscovy Company
552:Barbary Company
533:
528:
498:
489:
488:
484:
475:
471:
463:
456:
448:
441:
432:
428:
420:
416:
407:
406:
402:
392:
390:
382:
381:
377:
372:
368:
359:
355:
329:
325:
321:
290:
230:Sir John Popham
226:
163:
156:
152:
125:
123:
95:
93:
90:
64:
55:
44:Saint Augustine
17:
12:
11:
5:
1223:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1177:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1054:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
999:
994:
988:
986:
980:
979:
977:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
954:Ostend Company
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
908:
906:
895:
894:
892:
891:
886:
884:Niassa Company
881:
876:
871:
869:House of India
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
833:
831:
825:
824:
822:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
795:
793:
787:
786:
784:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
746:
738:
736:
730:
729:
727:
726:
725:
724:
719:
709:
707:Venice Company
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
622:Levant Company
619:
614:
612:Guinea Company
609:
604:
602:French Company
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
567:Canada Company
564:
559:
554:
549:
543:
541:
535:
534:
527:
526:
519:
512:
504:
497:
496:
482:
469:
454:
439:
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375:
366:
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289:
286:
225:
222:
184:
183:
174:
170:
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135:
131:
130:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
87:
83:
82:
73:
69:
68:
65:
60:
57:
56:
54:are also shown
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1222:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
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1191:
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1175:
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1059:
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1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
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1017:
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1013:
1009:
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1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
987:
985:
981:
975:
972:
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962:
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950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
918:
913:
910:
909:
907:
905:
904:Low Countries
900:
896:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
843:
838:
835:
834:
832:
830:
826:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
809:Emden Company
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
796:
794:
792:
788:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
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751:
747:
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739:
737:
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731:
723:
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713:
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563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
544:
542:
540:
536:
532:
525:
520:
518:
513:
511:
506:
505:
502:
492:
486:
479:
473:
466:
461:
459:
451:
446:
444:
436:
430:
423:
418:
410:
404:
389:
385:
379:
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363:
357:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
327:
323:
316:
312:
309:
304:
302:
301:
294:
285:
283:
279:
278:
277:Mary and John
273:
269:
265:
264:Popham Colony
261:
258:named in the
257:
256:George Popham
252:
250:
246:
242:
237:
235:
231:
221:
219:
215:
214:latitudes 38°
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
182:
178:
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88:
84:
81:
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58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
36:
30:
25:
19:
1115:
748:
741:
716:
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472:
429:
417:
403:
391:. Retrieved
387:
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332:
326:
313:
305:
299:
295:
291:
275:
271:
253:
238:
227:
193:
189:
187:
145:Headquarters
139:crown colony
18:
1174:New England
1061: [
915: [
840: [
272:Gift of God
167:New England
162:Area served
102:Westminster
1184:Categories
829:Portuguese
319:References
202:King James
177:Cash crops
126:1624-05-24
96:1606-04-10
62:Trade name
48:Port-Royal
1150:Companies
349:23545424M
198:chartered
104:, England
1122:Category
899:Austrian
393:2 August
341:82100178
212:between
173:Products
72:Industry
1136:Portals
1095:Russian
1012:Swedish
984:Spanish
539:British
288:Decline
224:History
155:England
124: (
119:Defunct
113:James I
109:Founder
94: (
86:Founded
37:to the
35:James I
1162:London
1050:Danish
791:German
734:French
347:
339:
260:patent
181:timber
150:London
52:Popham
50:, and
39:London
1065:]
919:]
844:]
218:45° N
100:) at
80:trade
837:List
395:2022
337:OCLC
274:and
243:and
232:and
216:and
188:The
134:Fate
901:and
200:by
1186::
1063:da
917:fr
842:pt
457:^
442:^
386:.
345:OL
343:,
284:.
220:.
179:,
153:,
78:,
1138::
523:e
516:t
509:v
493:.
411:.
397:.
128:)
98:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
