Invasion of Poland

4850: 4798: 4113: 4952: 4156:, about 40 km (25 mi) north-west of Pułtusk, and was pivoting on Płońsk. At one stage, the Poles were driven from Pułtusk, and the Germans threatened to turn the Polish flank and thrust on to the Vistula and Warsaw. Pułtusk, however, was regained in the face of withering German fire. Many German tanks were captured after a German attack had pierced the line, but the Polish defenders outflanked them. By 8 September, one of Reichenau's armoured corps, having advanced 225 km (140 mi) during the first week of the campaign, reached the outskirts of Warsaw. Light divisions on Reichenau's right were on the Vistula between Warsaw and the town of 4581:

brothels. Nazi raids in many Polish cities captured young women and girls, who were then forced to work in the brothels frequented by German officers and soldiers. Girls as young as 15 years old, who were classified as "fit for agricultural work in Germany", were sexually exploited by German soldiers at their destination. On the Soviet side, similar events took place. The issue, with Russian soldiers raping even the women of their supposed allies, was raised with Stalin, who did not realize that it was not understood that "a soldier, who has crossed thousands of kilometers through blood and fire and death, has fun with a woman or takes some trifle".

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following the Polish campaign, Adolf Hitler presented these German figures: 10,576 KIA, 30,222 WIA, and 3,400 MIA. According to early Allied estimates, including those of the Polish government-in-exile, the number of German KIA casualties was 90,000 and WIA casualties was 200,000 Equipment losses are given as 832 German tanks with approximately 236 to 341 as irrecoverable losses and approximately 319 other armored vehicles as irrecoverable losses (including 165 Panzerspähwagen – of them 101 as irrecoverable losses) 522–561 German planes (including 246–285 destroyed and 276 damaged), 1 German minelayer (M-85) and 1 German torpedo ship ("Tiger")

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making road transportation for Polish troops very difficult. The propaganda also had some negative consequences for the Polish troops themselves, whose communications, disrupted by German mobile units operating in the rear and civilians blocking roads, were further thrown into chaos by bizarre reports from Polish radio stations and newspapers, which often reported imaginary victories and other military operations. That led to some Polish troops being encircled or taking a stand against overwhelming odds when they thought they were actually counterattacking or would soon receive reinforcements from other victorious areas.

5022: 3256:. When the ambassador requested a copy of the proposals for transmission to the Polish government, Ribbentrop refused, on the grounds that the requested Polish representative had failed to arrive by midnight. When Polish Ambassador Lipski went to see Ribbentrop later on 31 August to indicate that Poland was favorably disposed to negotiations, he announced that he did not have the full power to sign, and Ribbentrop dismissed him. It was then broadcast that Poland had rejected Germany's offer, and negotiations with Poland came to an end. Hitler issued orders for the invasion to commence soon afterwards. 3727: 4743: 251: 721: 693: 389: 377: 365: 353: 341: 327: 313: 237: 751: 401: 949: 936: 924: 912: 900: 888: 876: 864: 852: 662: 650: 638: 626: 614: 602: 589: 574: 560: 281: 3568: 3919: 3471: 4298: 4866:

suspected friend. The difference is actually not as great as it might seem. The Russians mobilized a very large force and showed that they were able to move quickly and far from their pre-war positions. They now border on Germany, and the latter is completely unable to expose the Eastern front. A large German army will have to be left behind to monitor it. As far as I know, General Hamelin estimates its strength at least 20 divisions, but there may well be 25 or even more. Therefore, the Eastern front potentially exists.

5117: 4394:. The Soviet invasion was one of the decisive factors that convinced the Polish government that the war in Poland was lost. Before the Soviet attack from the east, the Polish military's plan had called for long-term defence against Germany in south-eastern Poland and to await relief from an attack by the Western Allies on Germany's western border. However, the Polish government refused to surrender or to negotiate peace with Germany. Instead, it ordered all units to evacuate Poland and to reorganize in France. 12803: 4040: 3998: 12923: 3310:. On 31 August, Hitler ordered hostilities against Poland to start at 4:45 the next morning. However, partly because of the earlier stoppage, Poland finally managed to mobilize only about 70% of its planned forces (only about 900,000 of 1,350,000 soldiers planned to mobilize in first order), and because of that many units were still forming or moving to their designated frontline positions. The late mobilization reduced combat capability of the Polish Army by about 1/3. 3227: 12932: 4184: 4398: 12944: 3636: 71: 4461:

perfidious—well, the English ought to know. I believe England thinks this co-operation perfidious because the co-operation of democratic England with bolshevist Russia failed, while National Socialist Germany's attempt with Soviet Russia succeeded. Poland never will rise again in the form of the Versailles treaty. That is guaranteed not only by Germany, but also guaranteed by Russia. – Adolf Hitler, 19 September 1939

4421:, the second-largest battle of the campaign. Lwów capitulated on 22 September because of the Soviet intervention; the city had been attacked by the Germans over a week earlier, and in the middle of the siege, the German troops handed operations over to their Soviet allies. Despite a series of intensifying German attacks, Warsaw, defended by quickly-reorganized retreating units, civilian volunteers and 3974:

material superiority of the enemy and, also assumed the defensive character of Polish operations. The Polish intentions were defending the western regions that were judged as indispensable for waging the war, taking advantage of the propitious conditions for counterattacks by reserve units and avoiding it from being smashed before the beginning of Franco-British operations in Western Europe. The

3627:; the sale of 150 Spitfires asked by the Polish government was rejected by the Air Ministry). Despite the fact that some of the airplanes had been shipped to Poland (the first transport of purchased aircraft on the ship "Lassel" sailed from Liverpool on 28 August), none of them would take part in combat. In late 1938, the Polish Air Force also ordered 300 advanced 3071:, running through the Polish Corridor. Poland rejected this proposal, fearing that after accepting these demands, it would become increasingly subject to the will of Germany and eventually lose its independence as the Czechs had. Polish leaders also distrusted Hitler. The British were also wary of Germany's increasing strength and assertiveness threatening its 3788:, would have had the armour punching holes in the enemy's front and ranging deep into rear areas, but the campaign in Poland would be fought along more traditional lines. That stemmed from conservatism on the part of the German High Command, which mainly restricted the role of armour and mechanized forces to supporting the conventional infantry divisions. 3180:, Germany neutralized the possibility of Soviet opposition to a campaign against Poland and war became imminent. In fact, the Soviets agreed not to aid France or the UK in the event of their going to war with Germany over Poland and, in a secret protocol of the pact, the Germans and the Soviets agreed to divide Eastern Europe, including Poland, into two 4779:

system ... We can manoeuvre, pit one side against the other to set them fighting with each other as fiercely as possible ... The annihilation of Poland would mean one fewer bourgeois fascist state to contend with! What would be the harm if as a result of the rout of Poland we were to extend the socialist system onto new territories and populations?

4239:, retreating from the border area of the Polish Corridor, attacked the flank of the advancing German 8th Army, but the counterattack failed despite initial success. After the defeat, Poland lost its ability to take the initiative and counterattack on a large scale. The German air power was instrumental during the battle. The offensive of the 3795:, with long frontiers totalling almost 5,600 km (3,500 mi). Poland's long border with Germany on the west and north, facing East Prussia, extended 2,000 km (1,200 mi). It had been lengthened by another 300 km (190 mi) on the southern side in the aftermath of the 1938 Munich Agreement. The German incorporation of 4826:

United Kingdom and France, but the culmination of combined European and Pacific conflicts would result in what was truly a "world war". Thus, what was not seen by most politicians and generals in 1939 is clear from the historical perspective: The Polish September Campaign marked the beginning of a pan-European war, which combined with the

2502:. The Poles feared that their independence would eventually be threatened altogether; historically Hitler had already denounced the right of Poland to independence in 1930, writing that Poles and Czechs were a "rabble not worth a penny more than the inhabitants of Sudan or India. How can they demand the rights of independent states?" 3239:

that they were willing to commence negotiations, but indicated that a Polish representative with the power to sign an agreement had to arrive in Berlin the next day while in the meantime it would draw up a set of proposals. The British Cabinet was pleased that negotiations had been agreed to but, mindful of how

3486:, when compared with countries such as United Kingdom or Germany, was a relatively indigent and mostly agricultural country. The partitioning powers did not invest in the development of industry, especially in the armaments industry in ethnically Polish areas. Moreover, Poland had to deal with damage caused by 3024:) since Hitler proclaimed that Poland had attacked Germany and that "Germans in Poland are persecuted with a bloody terror and are driven from their homes. The series of border violations, which are unbearable to a great power, prove that the Poles no longer are willing to respect the German frontier." 4871:

Russia is pursuing a cold policy of its own interests. We would prefer that the Russian armies stand in their present positions as friends and allies of Poland, rather than as invaders. But to protect Russia from the Nazi threat, it was clearly necessary that Russian armies should stand on this line.

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had begun. Later that day, the Germans attacked Poland's western, southern and northern borders, and German aircraft began raids on Polish cities. The main axis of attack led eastwards from Germany through the western Polish border. Supporting attacks came from East Prussia, in the north, and a joint

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Rivers, despite some Polish generals supporting the idea to be a better strategy. The West Plan allowed the Polish armies to retreat inside the country, but that was supposed to be a slow retreat behind prepared positions intended to give the armed forces time to complete its mobilization and execute

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With minor exceptions German national unification has been achieved. Further successes cannot be achieved without bloodshed. Poland will always be on the side of our adversaries... Danzig is not the objective. It is a matter of expanding our living space in the east, of making our food supply secure,

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by issuing an ultimatum to that effect on 30 September 1938, which was accepted by Czechoslovakia on 1 October. This region had a Polish majority and had been disputed between Czechoslovakia and Poland in the aftermath of World War I. The Polish annexation of Slovak territory (several villages in the

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Various sources contradict each other so the figures quoted above should only be taken as a rough indication of the strength estimate. The most common range differences and their brackets are: Polish personnel 1,490,900 (official figure of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs)—or 1,800,000. Polish

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None of the parties to the conflict—Germany, the Western Allies or the Soviet Union—expected that the German invasion of Poland would lead to a war that would surpass World War I in its scale and cost. It would be months before Hitler would see the futility of his peace negotiation attempts with the

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As the prospect of conflict increased, the British government pressed Marshal Edward Śmigły-Rydz to evacuate the most modern elements of the Polish Navy from the Baltic Sea. In the event of war, the Polish military leaders realized that the ships that remained in the Baltic were likely to be quickly

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The British and the French estimated that Poland would be able to defend itself for two to three months, and Poland estimated it could do so for at least six months. While Poland drafted its estimates based upon the expectation that the Western Allies would honor their treaty obligations and quickly

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yet to be rescheduled. That evening, the German government responded in a communication that it aimed not only for the restoration of Danzig but also the Polish Corridor (which had not previously been part of Hitler's demands) in addition to the safeguarding of the German minority in Poland. It said

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was signed as an annex to the Franco-Polish alliance. In this accord, Britain committed itself to the defence of Poland, guaranteeing to preserve Polish independence. At the same time, the British and the Poles were hinting to Berlin that they were willing to resume discussions—not at all how Hitler

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and solving the problem of the Baltic states. To provide sufficient food you must have sparsely settled areas. There is therefore no question of sparing Poland, and the decision remains to attack Poland at the first opportunity. We cannot expect a repetition of Czechoslovakia. There will be fighting.

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Another question concerns whether Poland inflicted any significant losses on the German forces and whether it surrendered too quickly. While exact estimates vary, Poland cost the Germans about 45,000 casualties and 11,000 damaged or destroyed military vehicles, including 993 tanks and armored cars,

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had been tasked to cover the retreat of Polish infantry. In the evening the Pomeranian Uhlans encountered contingents of the advancing German 20th Infantry Division of Heinz Guderian's XIX Army. Commander Kazimierz Mastalerz ordered an attack, forcing the 20th infantry to withdraw and disperse. The

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A war is on between two groups of capitalist countries ... for the redivision of the world, for the domination of the world! We see nothing wrong in their having a good hard fight and weakening each other ... Hitler, without understanding it or desiring it, is shaking and undermining the capitalist

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The Molotov–Ribbentrop pact and the invasion of Poland marked the beginning of a period during which the government of the Soviet Union increasingly tried to convince itself that the actions of Germany were reasonable, and were not developments to be worried about, despite evidence to the contrary.

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on 6 September. From there, it moved on 9 September to Kremenez and, on 13 September to Zaleshiki, on the Romanian border. Rydz-Śmigły ordered the Polish forces to retreat in the same direction, behind the Vistula and San Rivers, beginning the preparations for the defence of the Romanian Bridgehead

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The invasion of Poland led Britain and France to declare war on Germany on 3 September. However, they did little to affect the outcome of the September Campaign. No declaration of war was issued by Britain and France against the Soviet Union. This lack of direct help led many Poles to believe that

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light bombers, but due to a delay in starting mass production, none of them were delivered before 1 September. When in the spring of 1939 it turned out that there were problems with the implementation of the new PZL.50 Jastrząb fighter, it was decided to temporarily implement the production of the

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An average Polish infantry division consisted of 16,492 soldiers and was equipped with 326 light and medium machine guns, 132 heavy machine guns, 92 anti-tank rifles and several dozen light, medium, heavy, anti-tank and anti-airplane field artillery. Contrary to the 1,009 cars and trucks and 4,842

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Polish to German forces in the September Campaign: 1,000,000 soldiers, 4,300 guns, 880 tanks, 435 aircraft (Poland) to 1,800,000 soldiers, 10,000 guns, 2,800 tanks, 3,000 aircraft (Germany). French and participating Allies to German forces in the Battle of France: 2,862,000 soldiers, 13,974 guns,

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Soviet official losses – figures provided by Krivosheev – are currently estimated at 1,475 KIA or MIA presumed dead (Ukrainian Front – 972, Belorussian Front – 503), and 2,383 WIA (Ukrainian Front – 1,741, Belorussian Front – 642). The Soviets lost approximately 150 tanks in combat of which 43 as

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Since October 1939, the Polish army that could escape imprisonment from the Soviets or Nazis were mainly heading for British and French territories. These places were considered safe, because of the pre-war alliance between Great-Britain, France and Poland. Not only did the government escape, but

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emphasized that any German invasion would be easily repelled. That made Polish defeats during the German invasion come as a shock to the civilian population. Lacking training for such a disaster, the civilian population panicked and retreated east, spreading chaos, lowering the troops' morale and

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from East Prussia and the west. Another third was concentrated in the north-central part of the country, between the major cities of Łódź and Warsaw. The forward positioning of Polish forces vastly increased the difficulty of carrying out strategic maneuvres, compounded by inadequate mobility, as

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due to inferiority in numbers and the obsolescence of its fighter planes. However, contrary to German propaganda, it was not destroyed on the ground—in fact it was successfully dispersed before the conflict started and not a single one of its combat planes was destroyed on the ground in the first

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was a perfectly reasonable military demand. It was rejected by Poland, whose arguments, despite their naturalness, cannot be considered satisfactory in the light of current events. As a result, Russia took up the same positions as an enemy of Poland that it might have taken as a very dubious and

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announced the mobilization of Polish troops. However, he was pressured into revoking the order by the French, who apparently still hoped for a diplomatic settlement, failing to realize that the Germans were fully mobilized and concentrated at the Polish border. During the night of 31 August, the

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of 1935. Talks over Danzig and the Corridor broke down, and months passed without diplomatic interaction between Germany and Poland. During this interim period, the Germans learned that France and Britain had failed to secure an alliance with the Soviet Union against Germany, and that the Soviet

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engagement proved to be successful as the German advance had been delayed. However, upon redeployment, the 18th Pomeranians came under sudden and intense machine gun fire of German armored reconnaissance vehicles. Despite their quick retreat, nearly a third of the Uhlans were killed or wounded.

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residential areas, civilians soon became indistinguishable from combatants, and the forthcoming German occupation (both on the annexed territories and in the General Government) was one of the most brutal episodes of World War II, resulting in between 5.47 million and 5.67 million Polish deaths

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Germany attacked from three directions on land. Günther von Kluge led 20 divisions that entered the Polish Corridor and met a second force heading to Warsaw from East Prussia. Gerd von Rundstedt's 35 divisions attacked southern Poland. By 3 September, when von Kluge in the north had reached the

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The Polish General Staff had not begun elaborating the "West" defence plan until 4 March 1939. It was assumed that the Polish Army, fighting in the initial phase of the war alone, would have to defend the western regions of the country. The plan of operations took into account the numerical and

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as light bombers. However, for the September Campaign, not all of those aircraft were mobilized. By 1 September, out of about 120 heavy bombers PZL.37s produced, only 36 PZL.37s were deployed, the rest being mostly in training units. All those aircraft were of indigenous Polish design, with the

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forces would be made available to Britain's empire in the future. The negotiations convinced Hitler that there was little chance the Western Allies would declare war on Germany, and even if they did, because of the lack of "territorial guarantees" to Poland, they would be willing to negotiate a

2365:" according to the secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact; this rendered the Polish plan of defence obsolete. Facing a second front, the Polish government concluded the defence of the Romanian Bridgehead was no longer feasible and ordered an emergency evacuation of all troops to neutral 5548:

The discrepancy in German casualties can be attributed to the fact that some German statistics still listed soldiers as missing decades after the war. Today the most common and accepted numbers are: 8,082 to 16,343 KIA, 320 to 5,029 MIA, 27,280 to 34,136 WIA. For comparison, in his 1939 speech

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would then move in and repulse the German spearhead, trapping it. For that to happen, Armia Prusy needed to be fully mobilized by 3 September. However, Polish military planners failed to foresee the speed of the German advance and assumed that Armia Prusy would need to be fully mobilized by 16

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increased the pace of the advance which overran Polish airstrips and early warning sites, causing logistical problems for the Poles. Many Polish Air Force units ran low on supplies, and 98 of their number withdrew into neutral Romania. The Polish initial strength of 400 was reduced to 54 by 14

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air force expansion plan, which relied on a strong bomber force. The Polish Air Force consisted of a 'Bomber Brigade', 'Pursuit Brigade' and aircraft assigned to the various ground armies. The Polish fighters were older than their German counterparts; the PZL P.11 fighter—produced in the early

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Various sources contradict each other so the figures quoted above should only be taken as a rough indication of losses. The most common range brackets for casualties are: Poland: 63,000 to 66,300 KIA, 134,000 WIA. The often cited figure of 420,000 Polish prisoners of war represents only those

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A particular fate was reserved for the Polish girls and women who had survived the first bombing raids on Poland. Polish women and girls were raped en masse and then executed. In addition, large numbers of Polish women were routinely captured to force them into prostitution in German military

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Throughout the Polish Campaign, the employment of the mechanized units revealed the idea that they were intended solely to ease the advance and to support the activities of the infantry.... Thus, any strategic exploitation of the armoured idea was still-born. The paralysis of command and the

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If a single image dominates the popular perception of the Polish campaign of 1939, it is the scene of Polish cavalry bravely charging the Panzers with their lances. Like many other details of the campaign, it is a myth that was created by German wartime propaganda and perpetuated by sloppy

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Meantime, Russia felt moved, on its part, to march in for the protection of the interests of the White Russian and Ukrainian people in Poland. We realize now that in England and France this German and Russian co-operation is considered a terrible crime. An Englishman even wrote that it is

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or 1914. According to Cooper, the use of tanks "left much to be desired... Fear of enemy action against the flanks of the advance, fear which was to prove so disastrous to German prospects in the west in 1940 and in the Soviet Union in 1941, was present from the beginning of the war."

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From the beginning, the German government repeatedly asked Molotov whether the Soviet Union would keep to its side of the partition bargain. The Soviet forces were holding fast along their designated invasion points pending finalization of the five-month-long undeclared war with

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that had already encircled Warsaw. All of the German armies made progress in fulfilling their parts of the plan. The Polish armies split up into uncoordinated fragments, some of which were retreating while others were launching disjointed attacks on the nearest German columns.

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and auxiliary aircraft were destroyed on the ground. The Polish Air Force, despite being significantly outnumbered and with its fighters outmatched by more advanced German fighters, remained active until the second week of the campaign, inflicting significant damage on the

4023:, there was little chance of an evacuation plan succeeding if it were implemented after hostilities began. Four days after the signing of the Polish-British Common Defence Pact, three destroyers of the Polish Navy executed the Peking Plan and so evacuated to Great Britain. 3982:

start an offensive of their own, the French and the British expected the war to develop into trench warfare, much like World War I. The Polish government was not notified of the strategy and based all of its defence plans on promises of quick relief by the Western Allies.

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as civil heads, respectively. Thus the entirety of occupied Poland was divided into four military districts (West Prussia, Posen, Lodz, and Krakau). Frank was at the same time appointed "supreme chief administrator" for all occupied territories. On 28 September, another

4092:, and most German forces, including 85% of armoured forces, were engaged in Poland. Despite some Polish successes in minor border battles, the German technical, operational and numerical superiority forced the Polish armies to retreat from the borders towards Warsaw and 4770:(mountain infantry regiment) attacked a reconnaissance detachment of the Soviet 24th Tank Brigade; after a few casualties on both sides, the parties turned to negotiations. The German troops left the area, and the Red Army troops entered Lwów on 22 September. 7443:Śledztwo w sprawie zabójstwa w dniu 22 września 1939 r. w okolicach miejscowości Sopoćkinie generała brygady Wojska Polskiego Józefa Olszyny-Wilczyńskiego i jego adiutanta kapitana Mieczysława Strzemskiego przez żołnierzy b. Związku Radzieckiego. (S 6/02/Zk) 4180:, a recently discovered methamphetamine, which enabled the constant movement of the troops, who no longer felt the need to sleep for several days. The drug would later also be used, this time officially distributed, in the invasions of France and the USSR. 4601:

Altogether, the civilian losses of Polish population amounted to about 150,000 to 200,000. Roughly 1,250 German civilians were also killed during the invasion. (Also, 2,000 died fighting Polish troops as members of ethnic German militia forces such as the

5000:. He made one film about German crimes against civilians during the invasion. In colour, he photographed Polish soldiers, fleeing civilians, bombed houses, and a German bomber He 111 destroyed by the Polish Army in Warsaw. His photographs and film 3494:. Preparations for a defensive war with Germany were ongoing for many years, but most plans assumed fighting would not begin before 1942. To raise funds for industrial development, Poland sold much of the modern equipment it produced. In 1936, a 4199:

and Polish Upper Silesia in the first week. The Polish plan for border defence was a dismal failure. The German advance, as a whole, was not slowed. On 10 September, the Polish commander-in-chief, Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły, ordered a general

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The invasion of Poland marked the beginning of the Holocaust ("holocaust by bullets"), not only in its strict sense of the genocide of Jews, but also in its broader meaning of mass killings of various ethnic, political or social groups.

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modified the arrangements of August: all of Lithuania was shifted to the Soviet sphere of influence; in exchange, the dividing line in Poland was moved in Germany's favour, eastwards towards the Bug River. On 8 October, Germany formally

5169:(BPC Publishing 1966), attribute German victory to "enormous development in military technique which occurred between 1918 and 1940", and cite that "Germany, who translated (British inter-war) theories into action... called the result 4337:

By 17 September, the Polish defence had already been broken and the only hope was to retreat and reorganize along the Romanian Bridgehead. However, the plans were rendered obsolete nearly overnight when the over 800,000-strong Soviet

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also the national gold supply was evacuated via Romania and brought to the West, notably London and Ottawa. The approximately 75 tonnes (83 short tons) of gold was considered sufficient to field an army for the duration of the war.

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P-11c (+43 reserve), 30 P-7 (+85 reserve), 118 P-23 Karaś light bombers, 36 P-37 Łoś bombers (armed in line, additionally a few of the total number produced were used in combat), 84 reconnaissance RXIII Lublin, RWD14 Czapla (+115

3101:, still hoped to strike a deal with Hitler regarding Danzig (and possibly the Polish Corridor). Chamberlain and his supporters believed war could be avoided and hoped Germany would agree to leave the rest of Poland alone. German 6215:"Ergebnisse der Volks- und Berufszählung Vom 1. November 1923 in der Freien Stadt Danzig mit einem Anhang: Die Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 31. August 1924". Verlag des Statistischen Landesamtes der freien Stadt Danzig. 1926. 8417:, pp. 326–325 – lists 236 tanks as totally destroyed and 457 damaged, of which 180 were repaired and the remainder scrapped, giving 180 + 277 = 513 tanks destroyed or scrapped following damage, and 319 armoured cars lost. 4903:, in concentration camps, and in numerous ad hoc massacres, where civilians were rounded up, taken to a nearby forest, machine-gunned, and then buried, whether they were dead or not. Among the 100,000 people murdered in the 4821:

and Lithuania, with the majority eventually making their way to France or Britain. Most of the Polish Navy succeeded in evacuating to Britain as well. German personnel losses were less than their enemies (c. 16,000 killed).

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had approved the pact. One of the aims of the invasion was to divide Polish territory at the end of the operation; Poland was to cease to exist as a country and all Poles ("inferior people") were to be exterminated. The

4064:, in the Free City of Danzig, on the Baltic Sea. However, in many places, German units crossed the Polish border even before that time. Around then, the Luftwaffe attacked a number of military and civilian targets, 3243:

had been forced to sign his country away under similar circumstances just months earlier, regarded the requirement for an immediate arrival of a Polish representative with full signing powers as an unacceptable

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Hitler demanded that Poland be conquered in six weeks, but German planners thought that it would require three months. They intended to exploit their long border fully with the great enveloping manoeuver of

3758:, and pursued a doctrine of mass encirclement and destruction of enemy forces. The infantry, far from completely mechanized but fitted with fast-moving artillery and logistic support, was to be supported by 3135:

In May, in a statement to his generals while they were in the midst of planning the invasion of Poland, Hitler made it clear that the invasion would not come without resistance as it had in Czechoslovakia:

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if it agreed to wage war against the Soviet Union, but the concessions the Poles were expected to make meant that their homeland would become largely dependent on Germany, functioning as little more than a

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captured by the Germans, as Soviets captured about 250,000 Polish POWs themselves, making the total number of Polish POWs about 660,000–690,000. In terms of equipment the Polish Navy lost one destroyer (

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attacks have "tended to underestimate the punishing effect of German artillery on Polish units. Mobile and available in significant quantity, artillery shattered as many units as any other branch of the

6019: 4141:. On 7 September, the defenders of Warsaw had fallen back to a 48 km (30 mi) line paralleling the Vistula River, where they rallied against German tank thrusts. The defensive line ran between 8673: 4204:

to the south-east, towards the Romanian Bridgehead. Meanwhile, the Germans were tightening their encirclement of the Polish forces west of the Vistula (in the Łódź area and, still farther west, around

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was not destroyed on the ground in the first days of the war. Though numerically inferior, it had been redeployed from major air bases to small camouflaged airfields shortly before the war. Only some

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scholarship. Yet such myths have also been embraced by the Poles themselves as symbols of their wartime gallantry, achieving a cultural resonance in spite of their variance with the historical record.

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they had captured), the Red Army reached the line of rivers Narew, Bug, Vistula and San by 28 September, in many cases meeting German units advancing from the other direction. Polish defenders on the

2272: 4762:) approached, the commanders agreed that the German troops would withdraw and the Soviet troops would enter the city, saluting each other. At Brest-Litovsk, Soviet and German commanders held a joint 5136:. Furthermore, the Polish Army was preparing the Romanian Bridgehead, which would have prolonged Polish defence, but the plan was invalidated by the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September 1939. 7452: 9353: 7356:: he German Ambassador in the Soviet Union (Schulenburg) to the German Foreign Office. Moscow, 16 September 1939. Source: The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Last. Retrieved 14 November 2006 4774:

On 7 September 1939, just a few days after France and Britain joined the war against Germany, Stalin explained to a colleague that the war was to the advantage of the Soviet Union, as follows:

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operations in 1939–1940, approximately 61,000 were members of the Polish intelligentsia: scholars, clergy, former officers, and others, whom the Germans identified as political targets in the

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ordered his forces into Poland on 17 September. It was agreed that the Soviets would relinquish its interest in the territories between the new border and Warsaw in exchange for inclusion of

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A ridiculous hundred million Slavs : concerning Adolf Hitler's world-view, Tadeusz Manteuffel Institute of History Polish Academy of Sciences, Jerzy Wojciech Borejsza p. 49, Warsaw 2017

4977:, a journalist and war correspondent, is a first-hand account of the battles that led to the falls of Poland, the Low Countries, and France. It includes a rare eyewitness description of the 3521:'s mobility played a decisive role. Poland acknowledged the benefits of mobility but was unable to invest heavily in many of the expensive, unproven inventions since then. In spite of this, 6208: 4857:

The different attitude of the Anglo-French allies of Poland towards Nazi Germany and the USSR was argued at this time, for example, by the future head of the British government, Churchill:

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wrote in December 1939 that "the German campaign was a masterpiece. Nothing quite like it has been seen in military history". The country was divided between Germany and the Soviet Union.

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irrecoverable losses, while hundreds more suffered technical failures. However, Russian historian Igor Bunich estimates Soviet manpower losses at 5,327 KIA or MIA without a trace and WIA.

5182:... German ground and air forces, and were only incidental by-products of the traditional manoeuvers of rapid encirclement and of the supporting activities of the flying artillery of the 3128:

Union was interested in an alliance with Germany against Poland. Hitler had already issued orders to prepare for a possible "solution of the Polish problem by military means" through the

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Russians were guilty of gross treachery during the recent negotiations, but Marshal Voroshilov's demand that the Russian armies, if they were allies of Poland, should occupy Vilnius and

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The Polish defensive plan called for a strategy of encirclement. It would allow the Germans to advance in between two Polish Army groups in the line between Berlin and Warsaw-Lodz, and

4676:, were established in conquered Greater Poland and Pomerelia, respectively. Based on laws of 21 May 1935 and 1 June 1938, the German military delegated civil administrative powers to 3611:

The Polish Air Force's decisions to strengthen its resources came too late, mostly due to budget limitations. As a "last minute" order in the summer of 1939, Poland bought 160 French

3985:

Polish forces were stretched thinly along the Polish-German border and lacked compact defence lines and good defence positions along disadvantageous terrain. That strategy also left

7872: 3934:. Polish policy centred on their protection, especially since many politicians feared that if Poland retreated from the regions disputed by Germany, Britain and France would sign a 3440:), and an assortment of 550 transport and 350 reconnaissance aircraft. In total, Germany had close to 4,000 aircraft, most of them modern. A force of 2,315 aircraft was assigned to 8031: 3938:

treaty with Germany like the 1938 Munich Agreement and allow Germany to stay in those regions. The fact that none of Poland's allies had specifically guaranteed Polish borders or

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before German forces withdrew westward behind a new demarcation line. Just three days earlier, however, the parties had a more hostile encounter near Lwów, when the German 137th

4750:

Even though water barriers separated most of the spheres of interest, the Soviet and German troops met on numerous occasions. The most remarkable event of this kind occurred at

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days of the conflict. In the era of fast progress in aviation the Polish Air Force lacked modern fighters, vastly due to the cancellation of many advanced projects, such as the

1713: 1312: 12982: 2373:, German and Soviet forces gained full control over Poland. The success of the invasion marked the end of the Second Polish Republic, though Poland never formally surrendered. 13892: 8149: 3942:

was another Polish concern. These reasons made the Polish government disregard French advice to deploy the bulk of its forces behind natural barriers, such as the Vistula and

1552: 3367:. It held that these divisions should act in coordination with other elements of the military, punching holes in the enemy line and isolating selected units, which would be 7696:

Niemiecka dywersja w Polsce w 1939 r. w świetle dokumentów policyjnych i wojskowych II Rzeczypospolitej oraz służb specjalnych III Rzeszy. Część 1 (marzec–sierpień 1939 r.)

4891:(about one-sixth of the country's total population, and over 90% of its Jewish minority)—including the mass murder of 3 million Polish citizens (mainly Jews as part of the 2457:

had long sought to annex territories belonging to Poland, it was Hitler's own idea and not a realization of any pre-1933 Weimar plans to invade and partition Poland, annex

4374:, had about 25 battalions. Rydz-Śmigły ordered them to fall back and not to engage the Soviets. That, however, did not prevent some clashes and small battles, such as the 4255:

ran out of ammunition and retreated to the forests but were then smoked out by the Heinkel He 111 and Dornier Do 17s dropping 100 kg (220 lb) incendiaries. The

3608:

1930s—had a top speed of only 365 km/h (227 mph), far less than German bombers. To compensate, the pilots relied on its maneuverability and high diving speed.

11367: 6112:"Non-Germans" under the Third Reich: the Nazi judicial and administrative system in Germany and occupied Eastern Europe with special regard to occupied Poland, 1939–1945 4806: 4208:) and penetrating deeply into eastern Poland. Warsaw, which had undergone heavy aerial bombardment since the first hours of the war, was attacked on 9 September and was 3502:

had approximately a million soldiers, but not all were mobilized by 1 September. Latecomers sustained significant casualties when public transport became targets of the

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However, there was one exception: on the night of 25–26 August, a German sabotage group which had not heard anything about a delay of the invasion made an attack on the

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Non-Germans under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe, with Special Regard to Occupied Poland, 1939–1945

4981:. In August 1939, Leixner joined the Wehrmacht as a war reporter, was promoted to sergeant and, in 1941, published his recollections. The book was originally issued by 3926:

The Polish determination to deploy forces directly at the German-Polish border, prompted by the Polish-British Common Defence Pact, shaped the country's defence plan, "

10713: 4654: 3086:, believing that Polish independence and territorial integrity would be defended with their support if it were to be threatened by Germany. On the other hand, British 208: 4513:

was one of the factors behind the German brutality directed at civilians that had worked relentlessly to convince the Germans into believing that Jews and Slavs were

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Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami.Institute of National Remembrance(IPN) Warszawa 2009

2529:. Many Germans also wanted the urban port city of Danzig and its environs (comprising the Free City of Danzig) to be reincorporated into Germany. Danzig city had a 5055:

A group of German and Italian war correspondents, who visited the battlefield noticed the dead cavalry men and horses among the armored vehicles. Italian reporter

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Meanwhile, Polish forces tried to move towards the Romanian Bridgehead area, still actively resisting the German invasion. From 17 to 20 September, Polish armies

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Corps—commanded by General Heinz Guderian—had occupied the city, which lay within the Soviet sphere of interest. When the Soviet 29th Tank Brigade (commanded by

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on 13 September. Around then, advanced German forces also reached Lwów, a major city in eastern Poland, and 1,150 German aircraft bombed Warsaw on 24 September.

3207:. On the morning of 26 August, this group was repelled by Polish troops. The German side described all this as an incident "caused by an insane individual" (see 4809:), with 420,000 others being captured by the Germans and 240,000 more by the Soviets (for a total of 660,000 prisoners). Up to 120,000 Polish troops escaped to 3506:. The Polish military had fewer armored forces than the Germans, and these units, dispersed within the infantry, were unable to effectively engage the Germans. 3172:

with orders to kill without pity or mercy all men, women, and children of Polish descent or language. Only in this way can we obtain the living space we need.

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Andreas Toppe, Militär und Kriegsvölkerrecht: Rechtsnorm, Fachdiskurs und Kriegspraxis in Deutschland 1899–1940, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2008, p. 398,

8681: 5704:Переслегин. Вторая мировая: война между реальностями.– М.:Яуза, Эксмо, 2006, с.22; Р. Э. Дюпюи, Т. Н. Дюпюи. Всемирная история войн. – С-П,М: АСТ, кн.4, с.93. 90: 14082: 11679: 11042: 10344: 9969: 9244: 3323: 2006: 3357:. 453 tanks were assigned into four light divisions, while another 225 tanks were in detached regiments and companies. Most notably, the Germans had seven 2334:. On 3 September, based on their alliance agreements with Poland, the United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany; in the end their aid to Poland was 14031: 10685: 10631: 9817: 7650: 9459: 9262: 9258: 4992:

came to besieged Warsaw on 7 September 1939 in the time of German bombardment. He photographed the beginning of the war by using one roll of colour film (

13927: 12856: 11149: 10638: 10254: 4526:) attacked civilian targets and columns of refugees along the roads to terrorize the Polish people, disrupt communications and target Polish morale. The 3994:

Polish units often lacked the ability to retreat from their defensive positions, as they were being overrun by more mobile German mechanized formations.

1706: 1305: 165: 4390:

rose against the Poles, and communist partisans organized local revolts, robbing and killing civilians. Those movements were quickly disciplined by the

3780:, eventually isolating segments of the enemy, surrounding, and destroying them. The prewar "armoured idea", which an American journalist in 1939 dubbed 3267:, but under the pressure from Great Britain and France, the mobilization was cancelled. When the final mobilization started, it added to the confusion. 3192:

hoped to frame the conflict. Thus, he wavered and postponed his attack until 1 September, managing to in effect halt the entire invasion "in mid-leap".

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in 1940 even though the Anglo-French forces were much closer to parity with the Germans in numerical strength and equipment and were supported by the

14046: 13983: 13936: 13061: 11035: 10475: 10351: 5332: 5327: 4629: 3338: 2393: 9447: 9375: 6988: 3632:

fighter PZL P 11.G Kobuz. Nevertheless, due to the outbreak of the war, not one of the ordered 90 aircraft of this type were delivered to the army.

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quickly destroyed the bridges across the Bzura River. Then, the Polish forces were trapped out in the open and were attacked by wave after wave of

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Stanley S. Seidner, "Reflections from Rumania and Beyond: Marshal Śmigły-Rydz Rydz in Exile", The Polish Review vol. xxii, no. 2, 1977, pp. 29–51.

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and the importance of other arms in the campaign. They argue that Western accounts of the September campaign have stressed the shock value of the

3851:'s 10th Army, in the centre with Army Group South's armour, was to deliver the decisive blow with a northeastward thrust into the heart of Poland. 3670:, but only 140 tanks were produced between 1935 and the outbreak of the war. Poland had also a few relatively modern imported designs, such as 50 10765: 10077: 7035: 2755: 2509:

was strongly in favour of annexation by Germany, as were many of the ethnic German inhabitants of the Polish territory that separated the German

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to claim that German forces were acting in self-defence, one of the first acts of war took place on 1 September 1939. At 04:45, the old German

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and smaller support vessels. Most Polish surface units followed Operation Peking, leaving Polish ports on 20 August and escaping by way of the

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majority, and had been separated from Germany after Versailles and made into the nominally independent Free City. Hitler sought to use this as

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on 28 October 1939 from the Soviet Union. On 8 and 13 September 1939, the German military district in the area of Posen, commanded by general

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By 12 September, all of Poland west of the Vistula had been conquered except for the isolated Warsaw. The Polish government, led by President

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In case of a failure to defend most of the territory, the army was to retreat to the south-east of the country, where the rough terrain, the

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organized by multiple elements of the German government, tens of thousands of Polish civilians were shot at 760 mass execution sites by the

13967: 13328: 13189: 11476: 11332: 11316: 11288: 10529: 9736: 2996: 9316: 3490:. This resulted in the need to build a defense industry from scratch. Between 1936 and 1939, Poland invested heavily in the newly created 3105:

over Central Europe was also at stake. In private, Hitler said in May that Danzig was not the important issue to him, but the creation of

2884: 14165: 12240: 11300: 11212: 11156: 11119: 10394: 8035: 7914: 7860: 2442: 1438: 169: 4278:, and the high command, led by Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły, left Warsaw in the first days of the campaign and headed southeast, reaching 13747: 12955: 11205: 9930: 5307: 5139:

Poland also never officially surrendered to the Germans. Under German occupation, there was continued resistance by forces such as the

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Following several German-staged incidents, such as the Gleiwitz incident, part of Operation Himmler, which German propaganda used as a

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Kredite für NS-Verbrechen. Die Deutsche Kreditinstituten im Polen und die Ausraubung der polnischen un jüdischen Bevölkerung 1939–1945

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was notorious throughout the campaign for burning villages and committing atrocities in numerous Polish towns, including massacres in

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tankettes attached to infantry divisions and cavalry brigades. A standard tank of the Polish Army during the invasion of 1939 was the

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565 to 697 airplanes and 370 artillery pieces. As for duration, the September Campaign lasted about a week and a half less than the

3214:

On 26 August, Hitler tried to dissuade the British and the French from interfering in the upcoming conflict, even pledging that the

2767: 13993: 12567: 10372: 10146: 9909: 9775: 9586: 7379: 7352:: The German Ambassador in the Soviet Union, (Schulenburg) to the German Foreign Office. Moscow, 10 September 1939 – 9:40 p.m. and 5277: 5092: 4923: 4919: 2950: 2926: 2814: 1999: 1972: 9401: 7166: 4872:

In any case, this line exists and, consequently, the Eastern front has been created, which Nazi Germany will not dare to attack...

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On 23 May 1939, Hitler explained to his officers that the object of the aggression was not Danzig, but the need to obtain German

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destroying the Polish border post (re-enactment); German tank and armored car formation; German and Soviet troops shaking hands;

13228: 13078: 9491:. National Archives and Records Administration (German. Series: Motion Picture Films. G-2 Army Military Intelligence Division). 8348: 6757: 14005: 13842: 13447: 13430: 13420: 13408: 13361: 13279: 13274: 13269: 13257: 13252: 13122: 13095: 11658: 11170: 10013: 9551: 9422: 9388: 9340: 5647: 4387: 3579:

Overall, the Germans enjoyed numerical and qualitative aircraft superiority. Poland had only about 600 aircraft, of which only

3219:

compromise favourable to Germany after its conquest of Poland. Meanwhile, the increased number of overflights by high-altitude

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Bytwerk, Randall. "The Argument for Genocide in Nazi Propaganda." Quarterly Journal of Speech 91, no. 1 (February 2005): 37–62

4357:, and other international treaties, both bilateral and multilateral. Soviet diplomacy had lied that they were "protecting the 4109:

September and air opposition virtually ceased, with the main Polish air bases destroyed during the first 48 hours of the war.

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horses in the average German infantry division, the average Polish infantry division had 76 cars and trucks and 6,939 horses.

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The object of the war is … physically to destroy the enemy. That is why I have prepared, for the moment only in the East, my

2474: 2112: 1955: 131: 9292: 7957:Черчилль У. Вторая мировая война. – М.: Воениздат, 1991. с. 204/Churchill U. World War II. – Moscow: Voenizdat, 1991. p. 204 6544: 4326:

ceasefire went into effect on 16 September 1939. Now cleared of any "second front" threat from the Japanese, Soviet Premier

4068:, the first large-scale city bombing of the war. At 08:00, German troops, still without a formal declaration of war issued, 3815:

A main attack over the western Polish border, which was to be carried out by Army Group South, commanded by Colonel General

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to become the CdZ of the West Prussian military district. On 3 October 1939, the military districts centered on and named "

4056: 4026:

Although the Polish military had prepared for conflict, the civilian population remained largely unprepared. Polish prewar

3931: 3739: 2381: 2021: 1992: 186: 9358: 6170: 5535:

tanks: 100–880, 100 is the number of modern tanks, while the 880 number includes older tanks from the World War I era and

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minorities of eastern Poland since the Polish government had abandoned the country and the Polish state ceased to exist".

3343:

Germany had a substantial numeric advantage over Poland and had developed a significant military before the conflict. The

12409: 11866: 11198: 11184: 10390: 7442: 5302: 3461: 3028: 2938: 2902: 2401: 2158: 940: 39: 8909: 8075: 7017: 6110: 5583:) and several support craft. Equipment loses included 132 Polish tanks and armored cars 327 Polish planes (118 fighters) 14095: 13913: 13880: 13860: 13403: 13206: 13172: 12842: 12618: 12487: 12365: 11936: 11651: 11602: 11360: 10915: 10160: 9999: 9847: 9701: 9471: 9225: 9199: 9177: 9119: 9100: 9081: 9057: 9013: 8965: 8941: 8889: 8870: 8841: 8813: 8794: 8775: 8752: 8729: 8706: 8660: 8639: 8590: 8386: 8300: 8116: 8068: 8012: 7978: 7807: 7389: 7127: 7100: 6944: 6917: 6259: 6180: 6150: 6120: 6029: 5859: 5654: 5322: 4846:

said they were only obligated to declare war on Germany due to the first clause of the Anglo-Polish Agreement in 1939.

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poorly protected. One-third of Poland's forces were massed in or near the Polish Corridor, making them vulnerable to a

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With the surprise signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact on 23 August, the result of secret Nazi–Soviet talks held in

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on 17 September. The campaign ended on 6 October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of

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Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration With Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947

8549: 8214: 8060: 7700: 7446: 6397: 5989: 5904:...paved the way for the joint invasion and occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union that September. 5603: 5272: 4625: 4531: 4500: 2796: 2377: 2255: 2033: 1794: 9875: 4081:) from the German-allied Slovak Republic, in the south. All three assaults converged on the Polish capital, Warsaw. 3160:

On 22 August, just over a week before the onset of war, Hitler delivered a speech to his military commanders at the

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Panzertruppen: The Complete Guide to the Creation & Combat Employment of Germany's Tank Force 1933–1942 (v. 1)

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3,384 tanks, 3,099 aircraft 2 (Allies) to 3,350,000 soldiers, 7,378 guns, 2,445 tanks, 5,446 aircraft (Germany).

4378:, as soldiers and locals attempted to defend the city. The Soviets executed numerous Polish officers, including 3187:

The German assault was originally scheduled to begin at 4:00 a.m. on 26 August. However, on 25 August, the

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on the shore of the Baltic Sea held out until 2 October. The last operational unit of the Polish Army, General

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Sword, Keith Sword (1991). "British Reactions to the Soviet Occupation of Eastern Poland in September 1939".

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The German invasion saw atrocities committed against Polish men, women and children. The German forces (both

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rivers, valleys, hills and swamps would provide natural lines of defence against the German advance, and the

3083: 2618: 2404: 2056: 2038: 593: 8602:"The Luftwaffe's Campaigns in Poland and the West 1939–1940: A Case Study of handling Innovation in Wartime" 3647:

The tank force consisted of two armored brigades, four independent tank battalions and some 30 companies of

3583:

heavy bombers were modern and comparable to their German counterparts. The Polish Air Force had roughly 185

3184:; the western one-third of the country was to go to Germany and the eastern two-thirds to the Soviet Union. 1485: 14217: 14207: 14134: 14015: 14010: 13730: 13524: 13235: 12815: 12711: 12086: 12040: 10959: 10787: 10772: 10699: 10678: 10496: 10174: 9960: 9953: 9937: 9648: 9607: 9579: 9134: 8670: 6276: 5675: 5267: 5262: 5229:, and were almost always closely subordinated to the various mass infantry armies". (emphasis in original) 5165:

is the strategy that Germany first used in Poland. Many early post-war histories, such as Barrie Pitt's in

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economically subordinate to Germany. As part of this long-term policy, Hitler at first pursued a policy of

2419:

within the territory of the former Polish state. Many of the military exiles who escaped Poland joined the

2124: 1924: 1873: 1582: 13775: 9518:(1943). Film Bulletin n. 48 US Department of the Army, Signal Corps Photographic Center. Internet Archive. 7520: 7182: 3791:

Poland's terrain was well suited for mobile operations when the weather co-operated; the country had flat

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From within Poland, the German minority would assist by engaging in diversion and sabotage operations by

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Dispositions of the opposing forces on 31 August 1939, with the German order of battle overlaid in pink.

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of 320,000 of Polish citizens, when all who were deemed dangerous to the Soviet regime were subject to

4052: 2790: 2424: 2051: 1917: 1895: 448: 4446: 4043:

Map showing the advances made by the Germans, and the disposition of all troops from 1 to 14 September

3930:". Poland's most valuable natural resources, industry and population were along the western border in 3800: 2908: 2148: 1463: 14067: 13698: 13605: 13014: 12478: 12395: 12180: 12033: 12005: 11838: 11743: 11533: 10966: 10033: 9687: 9325: 8150:"Chapter 2. The Soviet-German invasion and the Polish exodus (1939–1940) – Polish forces in the West" 6884: 6802: 5380: 5368: 5108:

lost 285 aircraft to all operational causes, with 279 more damaged, and the Poles lost 333 aircraft.

4638: 4437:

managed to hold their positions long after they had been surrounded by German forces. The enclave of

4370: 4302: 4292: 4251:, dropping 50 kg (110 lb) light bombs, which caused huge numbers of casualties. The Polish 3327: 3035:, although they were not part of the agreement. It coerced Czechoslovakia to surrender the region of 2719: 2701: 2585: 2544: 2307: 2295: 2247: 2234: 1934: 1900: 1723: 1665: 1658: 1587: 1421: 1346: 606: 35: 31: 12992: 10231: 8236: 6455:

Reply of the German Chancellor to the Communication of 28 August 1939, from His Majesty's Government

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Russia and the USSR in the wars of the 20th century: losses of the Armed Forces. A Statistical Study

4137:

river. Two days later, his left wing was well to the rear of Łódź and his right wing at the town of

2539:, a reason for war, reverse the post-1918 territorial losses, and on many occasions had appealed to 13693: 13656: 12217: 12194: 11439: 11240: 11233: 10890: 10550: 10522: 10515: 9902: 9277: 9001: 8650: 8092: 5974: 5317: 5213: 5044: 5021: 4969: 4827: 4792: 4470: 3495: 3371:

and destroyed. This would be followed up by less-mobile mechanized infantry and foot soldiers. The

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History of the invasion with focus on precise locations and events, as experienced by real people.

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with anti-aircraft machine gun near the Warsaw Central Station in the first days of September 1939

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was probably the most experienced, best-trained and best-equipped air force in the world in 1939.

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Zonder Vrees en Zonder Verwijt. Poolse militairen in West-Europa tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog

6746:

Polish Underground Army, the Western Allies, and the Failure of Strategic Unity in World War II

5312: 5063:, on the brave and heroic Polish cavalry men, who charged German tanks with sabres and lances. 5030: 4650: 4343: 4209: 4061: 3952: 3483: 3249: 2773: 2636: 2436: 2218: 2097: 2016: 1741: 1557: 1537: 1433: 1406: 831: 810: 286: 127: 110: 80: 43: 13539: 13316: 13245: 9192:

Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland's Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia

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and placed the remaining block of territory under the administration of the newly established

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Kimmich, Christoph M. (1 January 1969). "The Weimar Republic and the German-Polish Borders".

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broke what remained of the Polish resistance in an "awesome demonstration of air power". The

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that disrupted lines of supply and communications. Together, the new methods were nicknamed "

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in the Far East, successful end of the conflict for the Soviet Union, which occurred in the

2346:

could be transported to Europe, with the bulk of the BEF in France by the end of September.

1761: 1644: 1624: 1597: 1547: 1381: 579: 14129: 13905: 13507: 13378: 13003: 12879: 12646: 12501: 12152: 12109: 12072: 11998: 11808: 11787: 10706: 10183: 9861: 8975: 7583: 5766: 5287: 4997: 4585: 4073: 3848: 3844: 3624: 3479: 3364: 3181: 2567: 2526: 2129: 1672: 1592: 1500: 1443: 1335: 733: 710: 705: 381: 13837: 13383: 13343: 5146: 4739:, while the south-central parts were administered as the General Government led by Frank. 4122: 4065: 3867: 3863: 1634: 1341: 357: 345: 8: 13950: 13477: 12904: 12764: 12538: 12416: 12372: 11887: 11021: 10780: 10307: 10137: 10121: 10070: 9423:

Nazi invasion of Poland in 1939: Images and Documents from the Harrison Forman collection

8929: 8510: 8484: 7307: 5607: 5204: 5200: 5188: 4478: 4346: 4319: 3967: 3922:

Deployment of German, Polish and Slovak divisions immediately before the German invasion.

3828: 3796: 3560:. However, its pilots were among the world's best trained, as proven a year later in the 3119:

With tensions mounting, Germany turned to aggressive diplomacy. On 28 April 1939, Hitler

3090: 3060: 2820: 2707: 2506: 2482: 2385: 2362: 2323: 2315: 2183: 2063: 1751: 1542: 1411: 369: 194: 135: 13088: 7305:

Roberts, Geoffrey (1 January 1992). "The Soviet Decision for a Pact with Nazi Germany".

6357: 6277:"German Army Attacks Poland; CitiesBombed, Port Blockaded; Danzig Is AcceptedInto Reich" 1567: 13499: 13366: 13351: 13298: 13262: 13155: 13100: 12757: 12590: 12515: 12469: 12439: 12347: 12187: 11845: 11729: 11623: 11574: 11268: 11219: 11028: 10645: 10300: 10098: 9508: 9504: 9500: 9496: 9032: 8980: 8764: 8224: 8184: 7332: 7029: 6393: 6091: 5217:, asserted that, "there is considerable justice in Matthew Cooper's assertion that the 5038: 4896: 4708: 4450: 3816: 3755: 3747: 3655:

light tank. It was the first tank in the world to be equipped with a diesel engine and

3567: 3392: 3200: 3149: 2896: 2844: 2540: 2389: 2366: 1776: 1416: 1366: 1351: 332: 6817: 6064: 4275: 3557: 3234:

On 29 August, prompted by the British, Germany issued one last diplomatic offer, with

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was set up to collect funds necessary for strengthening the Polish Armed forces. The

3445: 3307: 3291: 3283: 3129: 3094: 3076: 2832: 2808: 2743: 2606: 2287: 2068: 1907: 1883: 1756: 1386: 654: 434: 94: 9337: 8264: 7381:

Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide…

7353: 7349: 6318:

Gawrecká "Československé Slezsko. Mezi světovými válkami 1918–1938", Opava 2004, 21.

5732: 3978:

had not been elaborated in detail and concerned only the first stage of operations.

3659:. The 7TP was significantly better armed than its most common opponents, the German 3604: 2306:

advanced, Polish forces withdrew from their forward bases of operation close to the

892: 630: 13762: 13622: 13561: 13494: 13472: 13452: 13311: 13291: 13160: 12667: 12660: 12604: 12268: 12026: 12012: 11915: 11852: 11803: 11616: 11469: 11416: 11226: 11177: 11091: 10314: 10291: 9824: 9492: 9397: 9067: 8858: 8613: 7316: 7092: 6616:

Bombers of the Luftwaffe, Joachim Dressel and Manfred Griehl, Arms and Armour, 1994

5820:Россия и СССР в войнах XX века: потери вооруженных сил. Статистическое исследование 5800: 5420: 5348: 5129: 5096: 5056: 4589: 4430: 4085: 3948: 3768: 3620: 3540: 3529: 3470: 3422: 3354: 3253: 3230:

The map shows the beginning of the European part of World War II in September 1939.

3059:

By 1937, Germany began to increase its demands for Danzig, while proposing that an

3032: 2890: 2826: 2674: 2662: 2335: 2286:

German forces invaded Poland from the north, south, and west the morning after the

2237:. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the 1878: 1856: 1562: 1453: 726: 698: 618: 13808: 9833: 7420: 5878:. Warsaw Oficyna Wydawnicza Rytm, 2005, p. 5, 385. ISBN 83-7399-169-7. (in Polish) 3413:

also attacked cities, causing huge losses amongst the civilian population through

13813: 13566: 13182: 13165: 12690: 12402: 12317: 12275: 12173: 12116: 11977: 11759: 11750: 11279: 10854: 10830: 10084: 9475: 9463: 9451: 9438: 9417: 9405: 9392: 9379: 9374:

An essay describing the Polish Campaign in a larger strategic context of the war

9366: 9344: 9332: 9320: 9308: 9296: 9284: 9266: 9248: 9217: 9209: 8955: 8290: 8099: 8079: 7755: 7704: 7427: 7117: 5651: 5577: 5513: 5498: 5482: 5470: 5462: 5447: 5432: 5412: 4882: 4810: 4510: 4466: 4426: 4379: 4224: 4183: 4101: 4069: 3990: 3871: 3580: 3410: 2518: 2462: 2454: 2276: 2259: 2046: 1967: 1766: 1520: 1510: 1480: 1361: 916: 856: 642: 515: 419: 12802: 9384: 9289: 6803:"1::Pomoc wojenna Imperium Brytyjskiego dla Polski w okresie II Wojny Światowej" 6427:

A World at Total War: Global Conflict and the Politics of Destruction, 1937–1945

6332: 5687:

Website of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs – the Poles on the Front Lines

5043:

Polish cavalry units did not engage German tanks with lances and swords. At the

3592: 14139: 13571: 12697: 12233: 12159: 10197: 10056: 4945: 4892: 4696: 4685: 4594: 4574: 4196: 4089: 4010: 3975: 3935: 3859: 3785: 3777: 3706: 3522: 3514: 3433: 3414: 3196: 3087: 3064: 3045: 2725: 2630: 2339: 2331: 1982: 1977: 527: 503: 491: 318: 7320: 5644: 4121:

Vistula River, then some 10 km (6.2 mi) from the German border, and

928: 868: 14181: 12508: 10419: 10268: 10107: 8559: 8072: 7863:[Wehrmacht crimes against Polish prisoners of war in September 1939] 7328: 7228: 6524: 6490: 6478: 6466: 6454: 5141: 5116: 5067: 4931: 4751: 4742: 4515: 4474: 4453: 4327: 3616: 3437: 3426: 3303: 3017: 2956: 2932: 2624: 2530: 2522: 2521:

constituted land long disputed by Poland and Germany, and was inhabited by a

2470: 2408: 1458: 539: 12834: 9468: 6976:(in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej. p. 933. 6842: 4505:

The Polish Campaign was the first action by Hitler in his attempt to create

4231:

River, west of Warsaw, and lasted from 9 to 19 September. The Polish armies

3260: 3240: 1786: 1691: 13725: 13482: 13223: 12807: 12611: 10897: 10802: 10433: 9796: 9560: 9301: 9187: 8823: 7162: 5133: 4989: 4712: 4673: 4669: 4646: 4609: 4438: 4015: 4004:: Polish destroyers evacuate the Baltic Sea en route to the United Kingdom. 3836: 3735: 3726: 3368: 3353:

in its inventory, of which 2,859 were with the Field Army and 408 with the

3264: 3161: 3053: 2737: 2514: 2499: 2486: 2466: 2450: 2446: 2311: 2299: 2230: 2222: 1819: 393: 269: 242: 158: 86: 9478:. A website describing the Polish forces in France, UK and the Netherlands 9139: 8618: 8601: 6405: 4805:

About 65,000 Polish troops were killed in the fighting (and roughly 3,000

4700: 4456:. In the last week of September, Hitler made a speech in Danzig and said: 4349:

after they had invaded the eastern regions of Poland, in violation of the

4297: 4153: 3866:'s 3rd Army, which was to strike southward from East Prussia, and General 3832: 3556:

and a delay in the introduction of a completely new modern Polish fighter

3226: 3145: 13627: 12922: 12446: 12432: 12094: 10756: 10577: 10562: 9916: 8058:

Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami.

6993:(in Polish). Jerusalem: Sekcja Wydawnicza APW. p. 39. Archived from 6205:

The Second World War: Volume 2 Europe 1939–1943, Tom 2 Robin Havers p. 25

5173:". That idea has been repudiated by some authors. Matthew Cooper writes: 5120: 4974: 4927: 4831: 4397: 4362: 4216: 4142: 4001: 3986: 3959: 3943: 3898:, and the main Polish army was to be encircled and destroyed west of the 3773: 3671: 3553: 3499: 3487: 3382: 3279: 3271: 3123:

withdrew from both the German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact of 1934 and the

2535: 2358: 1943: 1861: 953: 904: 880: 479: 12931: 6095: 4653:

gained back those territories taken by Poland in autumn 1938. Lithuania

4165: 14151: 14100: 14077: 13112: 13107: 11794: 11547: 11526: 10412: 9745: 9673: 9252: 5610:

of 1928 and the 1933 London Convention on the Definition of Aggression.

5292: 4993: 4935: 4887: 4716: 4358: 4157: 4027: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3628: 3513:

shaped Polish Army organizational and operational doctrine. Unlike the

3387: 3295: 3120: 3107: 2866: 2668: 2656: 2643: 1851: 1841: 1448: 12943: 9410: 7336: 6909:

Operation Fall Weiss: German Paratroopers in the Poland Campaign, 1939

5852:

Operatsiia Groza, Ili, Oshibka V Tretem Znake: Istoricheskaia Khronika

4880:

and details of this concept would be later formulated in the infamous

4554: 4146: 2473:

with Poland, trying to improve opinion in Germany, culminating in the

12057: 11462: 11259: 11070: 10861: 10816: 8833: 6625:

The Flying pencil, Heinz J. Nowarra, Schiffer Publishing, 1990, p. 25

5751: 5203:, and it was applied in the Polish Campaign, little changed from the 4900: 4693: 4562: 4491:

near Lublin on 6 October, marking the end of the September Campaign.

4434: 4331: 4268: 4192: 4169: 4161: 3927: 3918: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3675: 3667: 3465: 3378: 3373: 3245: 2854: 2319: 2303: 1290: 212: 76: 10337: 4704: 4550: 4205: 4116:

Hitler watching German soldiers march into Poland in September 1939.

3840: 139: 13870: 10321: 10049: 8632:

Between Nazis and Soviets: Occupation Politics in Poland, 1939–1947

8524: 8488: 6882: 6491:

Sir N. Henderson to Viscount Halifax (received 9:30 a.m. 31 August)

5536: 4566: 4422: 4339: 4323: 4177: 3660: 3584: 3572: 3406: 3275: 3102: 3068: 2350: 1106: 70: 9354:

Nazi broadcast claiming that Germany's action is an act of defence

4570: 3635: 3517:

of World War I, the Polish–Soviet War was a conflict in which the

3478:

Emerging in 1918 as an independent country after 123 years of the

3041: 2258:. The invasion is also known in Poland as the September campaign ( 27:

German, Soviet, and Slovak attack at the beginning of World War II

12998: 8863:

Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939–1944

6309:

Zahradnik "Korzenie Zaolzia. Warszawa – Praga – Trzyniec", 16–17.

5016: 4814: 4442: 4048: 3963: 3906:

was initiated on 1 September 1939 and was the first operation of

3899: 3870:'s 4th Army, which was to attack eastward across the base of the 3855: 3824: 3820: 3709:

ships joined the British merchant fleet and took part in wartime

3588: 3532:

and had some successes against both German infantry and cavalry.

3525: 3518: 3299: 3223:

and cross-border troop movements signaled that war was imminent.

3204: 2510: 2494: 2490: 2458: 2318:, the Germans gained an undisputed advantage. Polish forces then 9006:

Katyn and the Soviet Massacre of 1940: Truth, Justice And Memory

8652:

Brute Force: Allied Strategy and Tactics in the Second World War

8453:

Brute Force: Allied Strategy and Tactics in the Second World War

7604: 7217:"High Hitler: how Nazi drug abuse steered the course of history" 4093: 3701:, with the goal of engaging and damaging German shipping in the 3298:

attack on the radio station, was staged near the border city of

3049: 2411:. In the aftermath of the invasion, a collective of underground 10938: 9529: 9242:

The Conquest of Poland and the Beginnings of Jewish Persecution

8718:

Nomonhan, 1939: The Red Army's Victory That Shaped World War II

8564:

SS-Leibstandarte: The History of the First SS Division, 1934–45

8519: 8493: 7994: 7861:"Zbrodnie Wehrmachtu na jeńcach polskich we wrześniu 1939 roku" 6634:

A History of World War Two, A.J.P. Taylor, Octopus, 1974, p. 35

4818: 4279: 4138: 4084:

France and Britain declared war on Germany on 3 September, but

3895: 3792: 3710: 3359: 3177: 2342:, and the Polish army was effectively defeated even before the 2251: 34:. For more details on the invasion by the Slovak Republic, see 8374: 7841: 7839: 5083:

In 1939, 10% of the Polish army was made up of cavalry units.

4545:) murdered tens of thousands of Polish civilians (such as the 3603:

bombers being more modern than the fighters, according to the

3306:

by German units posing as Polish troops, as part of the wider

11126: 8903: 8583:

The German Army 1939–1945: Its Political and Military Failure

8466:

The German Army 1939–1945: Its Political and Military Failure

8440:

The German Army 1939–1945: Its Political and Military Failure

6606:

The German Army 1939–1945: Its Political and Military Failure

6437: 6435: 6358:"The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy" 5026: 4940: 4746:

German and Soviet troops shaking hands following the invasion

4311: 4264: 4228: 4134: 4126: 2525:

majority. The Corridor had become a part of Poland after the

2354: 201: 13935: 7953: 7951: 6936:

Is Tomorrow Hitler's? 200 Questions on the Battle of Mankind

5927: 5925: 5727: 5725: 4176:

During this invasion, Hitler's troops made extensive use of

3811:. German units were to invade Poland from three directions: 3772:) to assist the rapid movement of troops and concentrate on 2241:

between Germany and the Soviet Union, and one day after the

7836: 7430:, Internetowa encyklopedia PWN. Retrieved 14 November 2006. 4926:

between 1939 and 1941 resulted in the death of 150,000 and

4862: 4834:

in 1941 to form the global conflict known as World War II.

4391: 4368:

The Polish border defence forces in the east, known as the

4322:

completed their agreement that ended the conflict, and the

3350: 2477:

of 1934. Earlier, Hitler's foreign policy worked to weaken

9278:

Detailed outline of campaign, mainly from German documents

9172:] (in German). Frankfurt: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag. 9166:

Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg; Die Wehrmacht in Polen 1939

9025:

Marshal Edward Śmigły-Rydz: Rydz and the Defence of Poland

7672: 7398: 7249: 7247: 7245: 6870:

7TP vol.II, Janusz Magnus#1, Militaria 317, Warszawa 2009.

6432: 6321: 6021:

A World in Flames: A Short History of the Second World War

5602:

Other treaties violated by the Soviet Union were the 1919

5236:, also address the subject of mythical interpretations of 4522:

From the first day of invasion, the German air force (the

4039: 2314:

to the east. After the mid-September Polish defeat in the

2217:(1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the 30:

For more details on the invasion by the Soviet Union, see

12983:

Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis

9272:

Blitzkrieg Unleashed: The German Invasion of Poland, 1939

8982:

Hitler Strikes Poland: Blitzkrieg, Ideology, and Atrocity

7948: 7710: 7587:

Hitler Strikes Poland: Blitzkrieg, Ideology, and Atrocity

7069:

Marshal Edward Śmigły-Rydz Rydz and the defence of Poland

6854: 6852: 6642: 6640: 6513:

Marshal Edward Śmigły-Rydz Rydz and the defence of Poland

5922: 5806:"Axis Slovakia: Hitler's Slavic Wedge, 1938–1945", p. 81 5722: 5178:

breakdown of morale were not made the ultimate aim of the

4259:

left the army with the task of mopping up survivors. The

4104:

early in the campaign. By destroying communications, the

3997: 3652: 3648: 3640: 8745:

Weapons and Secret Weapons of the German Army, 1933–1945

7189:. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. 7 September 1939. p. 9. 6883:

Tullio Pontecorvo, Tobias Lundqvist (1 September 2017).

6045: 4152:

The right wing of the Poles had been hammered back from

3248:. On the night of 30/31 August, German Foreign Minister 2489:. Poland would be granted territory to its northeast in 9428:"The Polish Campaign of September 1939 in Perspective" 7535: 7500: 7488: 7242: 5948:. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. pp. 313–315. 4538: 3877:

A tertiary attack by part of Army Group South's allied

10191:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

8741:

Waffen und Geheimwaffen des deutschen Heeres 1933–1945

8137:

Britain and Poland 1939–1943. The Betrayed Ally (1995)

7631:(in Polish). Archived from the original on 13 May 2008 7042: 7015: 6849: 6787:

Mazur, Wojciech (March 2009). "Pomocnik Historyczny".

6688: 6676: 6664: 6652: 6637: 6574: 6533:

Heinrich Himmler: The SS, Gestapo, His Life and Career

6479:

Sir H. Kennard to Viscount Halifax (received 10 a.m.).

6429:, Roger Chickering, Stig Förster, Bernd Greiner, p. 97 5876:

Kampania polska 1939 roku. Początek II wojny światowej

5796:

Waffen und Geheimwaffen des deutschen Heeres 1933–1945

5340:– the Slovak arsenal was inherited from Czechoslovakia 4688:

to become the CdZ of the Posen military district, and

3615:

fighters and 111 English airplanes (100 light bombers

3363:

divisions, with 2,009 tanks between them, using a new

14083:

Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

9314:

German Statistics including September Campaign losses

7592: 7565: 7449:. Internet Archive, 16.10.03. Retrieved 16 July 2007. 7171:. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. xvi–xvii. 6953: 6715: 4149:, respectively north-west and north-east of Warsaw. 3803:

meant that Poland's southern flank was also exposed.

3324:

Soviet order of battle for invasion of Poland in 1939

8420: 8405:

285 aircraft destroyed, 279 damaged of initial force

7359: 6300:

Nowa Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN 1997, vol. VI, 981.

5225:

mission that was to characterize authentic armoured

5111: 4801:

Polish troops withdrawn to Hungary in September 1939

4642:

German & Soviet advance in Poland September 1939

4441:'s tiny garrison capitulated on 7 September and the 4060:

opened fire on the Polish military transit depot at

3705:, but they had much less success. In addition, many 3016:

The invasion was referred to by Germany as the 1939

7282: 7280: 7204:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 51–54, 62–64. 7022:

The British-Polish Alliance; Its Origin and Meaning

6932: 6562: 6550: 5152: 4915:, compiled before the war began in September 1939. 4853:

German soldiers removing Polish government insignia

4429:north of Warsaw capitulated on 29 September, after 4160:by 9 September, and List, in the south, was on the 2369:. On 6 October, following the Polish defeat at the 8979: 8763: 8335:Steven J. Zaloga, Ramiro Bujeiro, Howard Gerrard, 8319:("Book of Polish cavalry"), TESCO, Warszawa 1989, 8206:LC Online Catalog – Item Information (Full Record) 7589:Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2003 7374: 7175: 7141: 7139: 5639: 5637: 5149:'s guerillas, and the Leśni ("forest partisans"). 4985:, the central publishing house of the Nazi Party. 4530:killed 6,000 to 7,000 Polish civilians during the 3784:, which was advocated by some generals, including 3754:. It called for the start of hostilities before a 3547:) was at a severe disadvantage against the German 9170:War of Annihilation: The Wehrmacht in Poland 1939 9073:A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II 8368: 6986: 6926: 5606:(to which the Soviet Union adhered in 1934); the 5333:List of German military equipment of World War II 5328:List of World War II military equipment of Poland 4630:War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II 4469:(the Soviets later executed all the officers and 3762:and small numbers of truck-mounted infantry (the 3432:dive bombers, 1,100 conventional bombers (mainly 3377:(air force) provided both tactical and strategic 3339:German order of battle for the invasion of Poland 3259:On 29 August, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs 2768:Soviet–Czechoslovakia Treaty of Mutual Assistance 14179: 8986:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 7960: 7753: 7649:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 7553:Richard J. Evans, The Third Reich at War, p. 102 7277: 6247: 4955:1st Polish Corps on exercise in Scotland in 1941 3395:claimed "Poland was a full demonstration of the 3320:Opposing forces in the Polish September Campaign 2338:. France invaded a small part of Germany in the 8934:Britain and Poland 1939–1943: The Betrayed Ally 8674:"The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field" 8032:"Polish experts lower nation's WWII death toll" 7295:Tippelskirch, Kurt. History of Second World War 7136: 6971: 5634: 4944:) or murdered, like the Polish officers in the 4013:were well within operating range of the German 3862:commanded Army Group North, comprising General 2270:) and known in Germany as the Poland campaign ( 14114:German–Soviet military parade in Brest-Litovsk 13194:Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland 12900:Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 9446:by Bradley Lightbody, Last updated 2011-03-30 9350:Radio reports on the German invasion of Poland 8475: 7847:Kursk: The greatest battle: Eastern Front 1943 7831:Kursk: The greatest battle: Eastern Front 1943 7157: 7155: 7153: 7151: 7115: 6905: 6780: 6443:Kursk: The Greatest Battle: Eastern Front 1943 6402:League of Nations Archives, Palais des Nations 6392: 6248:Snyder, Louis Leo; Montgomery, John D (2003). 5968: 5338:List of Czechoslovakia interwar period weapons 5298:Polish cavalry brigade order of battle in 1939 5017:Combat between Polish cavalry and German tanks 4707:" were set up under command of major generals 3734:The September Campaign was devised by General 3252:read a 16-point German proposal to ambassador 2322:where they prepared for a long defence of the 13921: 12864: 12850: 9545: 9359:Headline story on BBC: Germany invades Poland 9090: 7161: 7063: 7061: 7059: 7057: 6965: 6467:Viscount Halifax to Sir N. Henderson (Berlin) 6164: 6162: 5814: 5812: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5712: 5710: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5613: 4813:Romania (through the Romanian Bridgehead and 4655:received the city of Vilnius and its environs 4405:during the Soviet invasion, 19 September 1939 4223:The largest battle during this campaign, the 2997: 2326:and awaited expected support and relief from 1816: 1802: 1721: 1707: 1306: 42:. For a list of Polish–German Wars, see, see 9526:(1939). Universal Studios. Internet Archive. 9290:The Campaign in Poland at WorldWar2 Database 8626: 8288: 8135:(München 2007), 64–67, Anita J. Prazmowska, 8056:Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota (eds.). 8034:. AFP/Expatica. 30 July 2009. Archived from 7900:Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin 7733: 7731: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7343: 7266:, Oficyna Wydawnicza RYTM Warszawa, p. 182. 6885:"Fall Weiss – The German Invasion of Poland" 6707:Zawadzki, Tadeusz (2009). "Porównanie sił". 4009:sunk by the Germans. Furthermore, since the 3890:units that had been prepared before the war. 3564:, in which the Poles played a notable part. 3075:strategy. On 31 March 1939, Poland formed a 3052:) later served as the justification for the 13190:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537) 13178:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522) 9045: 8822: 8766:Luftwaffe at War: Gathering Storm 1933–1939 8539: 8509: 8483: 8381:. Cambridge University Press. p. 212. 8282: 7663: 7477: 7475: 7148: 7109: 7034:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 6502:Oslon and Cloud,"A Question of Honor" p. 50 6145:. Manchester University Press. p. 92. 6134: 6132: 5971:"Holocaust of non-jewish Poles during WWII" 3799:and creation of the German puppet state of 3069:to connect East Prussia with Germany proper 2756:German–Polish declaration of non-aggression 2481:and attempted to manoeuvre Poland into the 2453:. While some dissident elements within the 13928: 13914: 13036:Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60) 12857: 12843: 9552: 9538: 9046:Taylor, A.J.P.; Mayer, S.L., eds. (1974). 9037:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8960:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. 8950: 8928: 8770:. Vol. I. London: Chevron/Ian Allan. 8432: 8365:, London, Europa Publications, 1980. p. 28 8189:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8093:Holocaust of Non-Jewish Poles During WWII. 7747: 7678: 7458: 7404: 7054: 6980: 6939:. Reynal & Hitchcock. pp. 29–30. 6899: 6768:Adam Kurowski 'Lotnictwo Polskie 1939' 129 6600: 6598: 6352: 6350: 6159: 5931: 5809: 5781: 5707: 5690: 5308:Polish resistance movement in World War II 3831:'s 8th Army was to drive eastward against 3444:. Due to its earlier participation in the 3004: 2990: 2547:still in the Corridor, as well as Danzig. 2485:, forming a cooperative front against the 1809: 1795: 1714: 1700: 1313: 1299: 1280: 1274: 1268: 1262: 1256: 1235: 1222: 1216: 1204: 1198: 1192: 1186: 1175: 1169: 1163: 1157: 1151: 1145: 1112: 1103: 1097: 1091: 1085: 1079: 1058: 1052: 1046: 1040: 1034: 1022: 1011: 1005: 999: 993: 987: 13041:Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88) 13031:First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41) 9515:Invasion of Poland in 1939 by German Army 9326:Brief Campaign losses and more statistics 9302:The Campaign in Poland at Achtung! Panzer 9208: 9194:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 9076:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8936:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8900:Poland 1939: The Outbreak of World War II 8738: 8617: 8375:Roy Francis Leslie; R. F. Leslie (1983). 7802:. Stanford University Press. p. 58. 7778:Voronezh, 1964. in Russian); Guderian H. 7722: 7262:Czesław Grzelak, Henryk Stańczyk (2005), 7183:"Poles Holding Line 30 Miles From Warsaw" 7009: 5987:Dariusz Baliszewski (19 September 2004), 4973:('Von Lemberg bis Bordeaux'), written by 4070:attacked near the Polish village of Mokra 3643:light tanks in formation during maneuvers 2951:Soviet–British–French Moscow negotiations 2762:Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance 233: 189:Lithuania, the Soviet Union, and Slovakia 13937:Nazi German–Soviet relations before 1941 13329:War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588) 9066: 8458: 8174: 7966: 7472: 6777:'Duel for the Sky' by Christopher Shores 6706: 6241: 6138: 6129: 5391:Separated from 12th Army on 28 September 5278:List of Polish divisions in World War II 5115: 5020: 4950: 4920:Polish Institute of National Remembrance 4848: 4796: 4741: 4637: 4396: 4301:Disposition of all troops following the 4296: 4182: 4111: 4086:failed to provide any meaningful support 4077:German-Slovak tertiary attack by units ( 4038: 3996: 3917: 3725: 3634: 3566: 3469: 3225: 3144: 3027:Poland participated with Germany in the 2927:Final offensive of the Spanish Civil War 2443:National Socialist German Workers' Party 2407:, and immediately started a campaign of 277: 12890:History of Polish intelligence services 9091:Zaloga, Steve; Gerrard, Howard (2002). 9022: 9000: 8974: 8910:"Nazi Loss in Poland Placed at 290,000" 8803: 8715: 8699:Case White: The Invasion of Poland 1939 8696: 8426: 8414: 8026: 8024: 7610: 7541: 7506: 7494: 7482: 7433: 7304: 7119:Case White: The Invasion of Poland 1939 7048: 6959: 6858: 6694: 6682: 6670: 6658: 6646: 6595: 6518: 6347: 6168: 6081: 6051: 6017: 6013: 6011: 5981: 5759:"Nazi Loss in Poland Placed at 290,000" 5678:, article on 'Kampania Wrześniowa 1939' 5006:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 4934:, forced resettlement, imprisonment in 4342:entered and created the Belarusian and 4191:Polish forces abandoned the regions of 3894:All three assaults were to converge on 3854:A second route of attack from northern 187:Polish territory divided among Germany, 14: 14180: 14047:Border and Commercial Agreement (1941) 13843:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 11406: 11384:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 9163: 9109: 8761: 8747:]. Koblenz: Bernard & Graefe. 8580: 8558: 8542:Against Our Will – Men, Women and Rape 7896: 7707:Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość. nr 2 (8)/2005 7666:Against Our Will – Men, Women and Rape 7598: 7083: 6990:Kampania wrześniowa 1939 roku w Polsce 6912:. Pen & Sword Books. pp. 6–. 6878: 6876: 6815: 6735: 6254:. Transaction Publishers. p. 88. 5943: 5849: 5845: 5843: 4988:The American journalist and filmmaker 4963: 4484:Samodzielna Grupa Operacyjna "Polesie" 4388:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists 3913: 3156:, a German–Soviet non-aggression pact. 2909:Hungarian invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine 1320: 13909: 13236:Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570) 12838: 12262:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 11687:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 11333:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 11289:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 10387:Rape during the occupation of Germany 9533: 9186: 8879: 8857: 8784: 8648: 8599: 8268:Polish Cavalry Charges Against Tanks" 8102:Polish American Congress, Washington. 8000: 7938:The Slavonic and East European Review 7935: 7878:from the original on 28 December 2021 7858: 7799:Stalin's Drive to the West, 1938–1945 7795: 7789: 7716: 7571: 7512: 7214: 7199: 7079: 7077: 6786: 6726:Poland's Preparation for World War II 6580: 6568: 6556: 6404:. Geneva: indiana.edu. Archived from 6380:"World History in Context – Document" 6175:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 150–151. 6108: 5969:Moor-Jankowski, Jan (5 August 2019). 5399: 5397: 5221:divisions were not given the kind of 5059:promptly published an article in the 4634:Nazi crimes against the Polish nation 3681:The Polish Navy was a small fleet of 3409:played a major role in the campaign. 3114: 2394:incorporated its newly acquired areas 1790: 1695: 1294: 13426:Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671) 13079:Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk) 11377:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 10402:Rape during the liberation of France 9093:Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg 8902:(Basic Books, 2020) popular history 8806:The German Campaign in Poland (1939) 8337:Poland 1939: the birth of blitzkrieg 8292:Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg 8021: 7869:Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej 7629:WProst 24 (Arch. in WayBack Machine) 7622: 6592:B.H. Hart & A.J.P. Taylor, p. 41 6008: 5915:Collier, Martin, and Pedley, Philip 5072:Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg 4318:. On 15 September 1939, Molotov and 13968:German occupation of Czechoslovakia 13662:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919) 9214:First to Fight: The Polish War 1939 8880:Majer, Diemut; et al. (2003). 8669: 7890: 7852: 7215:Cooke, Rachel (25 September 2016). 6873: 5840: 5303:Polish contribution to World War II 5086: 4731:annexed the western parts of Poland 4425:, held out until 28 September. The 3839:'s 14th Army was to push on toward 3697:. Submarine forces participated in 3462:Polish army order of battle in 1939 3400: 3391:" (lightning war). While historian 2903:German occupation of Czechoslovakia 40:Invasion of Poland (disambiguation) 24: 14096:Soviet offensive plans controversy 11603:German invasion of the Netherlands 9876:Weather events during World War II 9457:The Mythical Polish Cavalry Charge 9164:Böhler, Jochen (2006). "Preface". 9157: 8916:(Press release). 28 September 1941 8884:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 8523:(in Polish) (1138). Archived from 8127:a.o. Robert Westerby en R.M. Low, 7421:Olszyna-Wilczyński Józef Konstanty 7074: 6535:, Skyhorse Publishing Inc., 2007, 6386: 6172:The causes of the Second World War 5874:Czesław Grzelak, Henryk Stańczyk: 5655:Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs 5394: 5323:Timeline of the invasion of Poland 4494: 4334:in the Soviet "zone of interest". 4286: 4034: 3313: 3189:Polish-British Common Defence Pact 2885:Undeclared German–Czechoslovak War 2298:alongside the Germans in northern 2243:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union 25: 14229: 12241:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 9398:Detailed German Army organization 9385:Detailed Polish Army organization 9372:Halford Mackinder's Necessary War 9235: 8655:(1st US ed.). Viking Adult. 8131:(London 1940), 1–18, Ingo Loose, 8061:Institute of National Remembrance 7625:"Seksualne niewolnice III Rzeszy" 7447:Institute of National Remembrance 6748:, McFarland & Company, 2004, 5604:Covenant of the League of Nations 5112:Polish resistance to the invasion 5011: 4754:on 22 September. The German 19th 4626:Military Administration in Poland 4501:World War II casualties of Poland 4487:, surrendered after the four-day 4355:Soviet–Polish Non-Aggression Pact 4133:'s armour was already beyond the 2797:Remilitarization of the Rhineland 2475:German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact 2378:period of military administration 2266:) or 1939 defensive war (Polish: 13448:War of the Holy League 1683–1699 13151:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438) 12942: 12930: 12921: 12801: 9559: 9523:Special Release – Europe At War! 9261:Original reports from The Times 8445: 8408: 8395: 8378:The History of Poland Since 1863 8353: 8329: 8309: 8257: 8243: 8197: 8168: 8142: 8121: 8105: 8085: 8050: 7929: 7917:from the original on 2 June 2023 7823: 7774:Воронеж, 1964. (Krivoshein S.M. 7764: 7684: 7668:. Fawcett Columbine. p. 71. 7657: 7616: 7577: 7556: 7547: 7410: 7298: 7289: 7256: 7208: 7193: 6816:Banach, Michał (21 March 2018). 5596: 5283:Occupation of Poland (1939–1945) 5192:of the Polish campaign. – Cooper 4840:betrayed by their Western allies 4465:Despite a Polish victory at the 2517:from the rest of the Reich. The 2281:Überfall auf Polen, Polenfeldzug 947: 934: 922: 910: 898: 886: 874: 862: 850: 803: 762: 749: 719: 691: 660: 648: 636: 624: 612: 600: 587: 572: 558: 533: 521: 509: 497: 485: 473: 454: 442: 427: 412: 399: 387: 375: 363: 351: 339: 325: 311: 279: 262: 249: 235: 69: 63:European theatre of World War II 14073:Occupation of the Baltic states 13431:Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676 13421:Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634 13409:Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621 13362:Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618 13280:Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629 13275:Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625 13270:Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618 13258:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611 13253:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629 13146:Władysław the White's rebellion 13133:Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521) 13118:Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435) 13084:Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332) 9008:. London; New York: Routledge. 6864: 6835: 6809: 6795: 6771: 6762: 6700: 6628: 6619: 6610: 6586: 6505: 6496: 6484: 6472: 6460: 6448: 6420: 6372: 6312: 6303: 6294: 6269: 6199: 6190: 6142:Origins of the Second World War 6115:. JHU Press. pp. 188–189. 6102: 6075: 6057: 5962: 5937: 5909: 5881: 5868: 5586: 5562: 5552: 5542: 5507: 5492: 5456: 5441: 5406: 4912:Special Prosecution Book-Poland 4789:Polish Armed Forces in the East 4785:Polish Armed Forces in the West 4164:north and south of the town of 4090:saw only a few minor skirmishes 2732:Nazis' rise to power in Germany 2574:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 2421:Polish Armed Forces in the West 2376:On 8 October, after an initial 14001:Boundary and Friendship Treaty 13613:Greater Poland uprising (1848) 13404:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499) 13173:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499) 12488:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 10184:Territorial changes of Germany 10092:Indonesian National Revolution 9400:schemas by Dr. Leo Niehorster 9387:schemas by Dr. Leo Niehorster 9338:Fall Weiß – The Fall of Poland 8829:Refugees in an Age of Genocide 8606:Security and Defence Quarterly 8007:. Cambridge University Press. 8004:Justice and the Genesis of War 7973:. Cambridge University Press. 7202:Blitzed: Drugs in Nazi Germany 6493:Cited in the British Blue Book 6481:Cited in the British Blue Book 6469:Cited in the British Blue book 6457:Cited in the British Blue Book 5681: 5669: 5660: 5528: 5403:Improvised during the invasion 5385: 5373: 5361: 5199:was a strategy dating back to 5049:18th Pomeranian Uhlan Regiment 4807:prisoners of war were executed 4678:Chiefs of Civil Administration 4271:) of bombs during the battle. 3766:regiments, forerunners of the 3721: 2696:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 2553:Events leading to World War II 2543:, promising to "liberate" the 2479:ties between Poland and France 2423:, an armed force loyal to the 2384:western Poland and the former 152: 75:Left to right, top to bottom: 13: 1: 13520:Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667 13488:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633) 13161:1444 war against the Ottomans 12988:German–Polish War (1028–1031) 12978:German–Polish War (1003–1018) 12895:List of wars involving Poland 11881:Japanese invasion of Thailand 11832:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 11596:German invasion of Luxembourg 9970:Mediterranean and Middle East 9114:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 9095:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 8701:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 8209:. SF Tafel Publishers. 2017. 7967:Weinberg, Gerhard L. (2005). 7760:. Bellona. GGKEY:YJUTJZKPCPA. 6818:"PZL 46 Sum Następca Karasia" 6065:"The Nazification of Germany" 5643:Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 5627: 5273:History of Poland (1939–1945) 4726:secret German–Soviet protocol 4659:Alfred von Vollard-Bockelberg 4547:Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler 3056:to join the German invasion. 2915:German ultimatum to Lithuania 2861:Polish ultimatum to Lithuania 2430: 2256:German–Soviet Frontier Treaty 2007:Mediterranean and Middle East 13530:War of the Bar Confederation 13525:War of the Polish Succession 11788:Invasion of the Soviet Union 11477:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 10788:Independent State of Croatia 9135:Internetowa encyklopedia PWN 9023:Seidner, Stanley S. (1978). 8179:. Amsterdam. pp. 64–65. 8073:Introduction reproduced here 7776:Between the Storms. Memoirs. 7524:pp. 28–29 with more speech. 6933:Knickerbocker, H.R. (1941). 6331:. Euronet.nl. Archived from 6329:"Elbing-Königsberg Autobahn" 5946:The Sacredness of Human Life 5676:Internetowa encyklopedia PWN 5344:Slovak Air Force (1939–1945) 5263:Eastern Front (World War II) 4842:. British Foreign Secretary 4733:with Greiser and Forster as 4619: 4509:(living space) for Germans. 4454:was defended until 2 October 3125:Anglo-German Naval Agreement 2815:Italo-German "Axis" protocol 2780:Anglo-German Naval Agreement 2349:On 17 September, the Soviet 2215:Polish Defensive War of 1939 1988:Manchuria and Northern Korea 153:German–Soviet–Slovak victory 7: 14042:Commercial Agreement (1940) 14037:Commercial Agreement (1939) 13888:Russian invasion of Ukraine 13781:Częstochowa Ghetto uprising 13577:War of the Fourth Coalition 13229:campaign of Stephen Báthory 12779:End of World War II in Asia 12619:Western invasion of Germany 12126:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 12103:Second Battle of El Alamein 11666:Hundred Regiments Offensive 11638:Battle of the Mediterranean 11491:Italian invasion of Albania 9658:Air warfare of World War II 9437:September 26, 2011, at the 9138:(in Polish). Archived from 8804:Kennedy, Robert M. (1980). 8716:Goldman, Stuart D. (2012). 8585:. New York: Stein and Day. 8566:. Staplehurst: Spellmount. 8540:Brownmiller, Susan (1975). 8476:Sources and further reading 8339:, Osprey Publishing, 2002, 7782:Heidelberg, 1951 (English: 7780:Erinnerungen eines Soldaten 7664:Brownmiller, Susan (1975). 7384:. McFarland & Company. 6169:Crozier, Andrew J. (1997). 6069:University of South Florida 5733:"Polish War, German Losses" 5256: 4605:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz 4419:Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski 4403:provincial capital of Wilno 4088:. The German-French border 3887:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz 3827:and Slovak border. General 3029:partition of Czechoslovakia 2945:Italian invasion of Albania 2939:British guarantee to Poland 2361:that fell into the Soviet " 2357:, the territory beyond the 2344:British Expeditionary Force 1772:Parczew, Jabłoń and Milanów 204:annexed by the Soviet Union 38:. For other invasions, see 10: 14234: 13866:Operation Uphold Democracy 13601:War of the Sixth Coalition 13589:War of the Fifth Coalition 13535:Polish–Russian War of 1792 12910:Warfare in Medieval Poland 12885:History of the Polish Army 12705:Naval bombardment of Japan 12066:First Battle of El Alamein 11985:Battle of Christmas Island 11930:Japanese invasion of Burma 11694:Italian invasion of Greece 11610:German invasion of Belgium 11582:German invasion of Denmark 11555:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 11424:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 9681:Comparative military ranks 9411:Polish Armoured Units 1939 9331:December 23, 2018, at the 9295:November 20, 2023, at the 9130:"Kampania Wrześniowa 1939" 9049:A History of World War Two 8826:; Knox, Katharine (1999). 8175:Huiskamp, Florian (2015). 7024:. London: Mellville Press. 6987:Henryk Piątkowski (1943). 5854:. Vita-Oblik. p. 88. 5036: 4828:Japanese invasion of China 4782: 4623: 4498: 4290: 4053:pre-dreadnought battleship 3908:Second World War in Europe 3742:, and directed by General 3740:chief of the general staff 3716: 3459: 3421:forces consisted of 1,180 3336: 3332: 3317: 3278:to Britain, executing the 3067:system, be built in order 2791:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 2434: 2425:Polish government-in-exile 1725:Soviet invasion of Poland 29: 14160: 14122: 14068:Soviet invasion of Poland 14055: 14024: 13976: 13943: 13851: 13828: 13789: 13776:Białystok Ghetto uprising 13761: 13721: 13712: 13647: 13606:French invasion of Russia 13552: 13465: 13394: 13307: 13287:Northern War of 1655–1660 13214: 13205: 13141: 13069: 13060: 13023: 12963: 12954: 12916: 12872: 12866:Polish wars and conflicts 12794: 12626:Bratislava–Brno offensive 12566: 12557:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 12294: 12181:Allied invasion of Sicily 12135: 12034:Aleutian Islands campaign 12006:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 11953: 11944:Greek famine of 1941–1944 11839:Second Battle of Changsha 11744:German invasion of Greece 11712: 11589:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 11564: 11502: 11397: 11278: 11004: 10914: 10755: 10458: 10449: 10207: 10032: 9924:North and Central Pacific 9885: 9647: 9640: 9567: 9469:Polish forces in the West 9378:February 4, 2024, at the 9365:December 6, 2023, at the 9343:December 1, 2023, at the 9283:October 20, 2023, at the 9259:German invasion of Poland 9112:The Polish Army 1939–1945 9052:. London: Octopus Books. 8739:Hahn, Fritz (1986–1987). 8317:Księga kawalerii polskiej 8265:"Poland 1939 (Fall Weiß) 7833:, 2011, pp. 62, 67, 76–80 7772:Междубурье. Воспоминания. 7754:Leszek Moczulski (2009). 7394:– via Google Books. 7321:10.1080/09668139208411994 7264:Kampania polska 1939 roku 7122:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 6974:Wojna Obronna Polski 1939 6139:Rothwell, Victor (2001). 5944:Gushee, David P. (2013). 5717:Wojna Obronna Polski 1939 5518:wojna obronna Polski 1939 5369:Slovak invasion of Poland 5161:It is often assumed that 4979:Battle of Węgierska Górka 4886:. The invasion decimated 4817:), and another 20,000 to 4371:Korpus Ochrony Pogranicza 4293:Soviet invasion of Poland 4187:Polish infantry in attack 3693:to join with the British 3492:Central Industrial Region 3455: 3328:Slovak invasion of Poland 3170:'Death's Head' formations 2720:Defense of the Great Wall 2702:Pacification of Manchukuo 2320:withdrew to the southeast 2235:beginning of World War II 1827: 1733: 1666:Slovak invasion of Poland 1659:Soviet invasion of Poland 1332: 1121: 963: 675: 294: 223: 101: 68: 60: 55: 36:Slovak invasion of Poland 32:Soviet invasion of Poland 14016:Gestapo–NKVD conferences 13694:Second Silesian Uprising 13011:1156 war against Germany 13008:1146 war against Germany 12218:Allied invasion of Italy 12195:Solomon Islands campaign 11937:Third Battle of Changsha 11534:First Battle of Changsha 11440:Second Sino-Japanese War 10373:German military brothels 10239:United States war crimes 8697:Forczyk, Robert (2019). 8600:Corum, James S. (2013). 8581:Cooper, Matthew (1978). 8091:Dr. Jan Moor-Jankowski, 8001:Welch, David A. (1995). 7897:Snyder, Timothy (2012). 7613:, pp. 114, 159–161. 7518:Peter David Orr (2005), 7089:Poland's Navy, 1918–1945 6972:collective work (1979). 6018:Kitchen, Martin (1990). 5650:11 December 2013 at the 5354: 5318:The Black Book of Poland 5268:Gestapo–NKVD conferences 5234:The Polish Campaign 1939 5205:French campaigns in 1870 5047:on 1 September 1939 the 5045:Battle of Tuchola Forest 5031:anti-tank rifle (Wz. 35) 4970:From Lemberg to Bordeaux 4793:Polish Underground State 4431:an intense 16-day battle 4384:Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński 3951:with the support of the 3819:, attacking from German 2839:Second Sino-Japanese War 2803:Arab revolt in Palestine 2750:Inner Mongolian Campaign 2651:Second Italo-Senussi War 2461:and Austria, and create 2441:On 30 January 1933, the 2417:Polish Underground State 2413:resistance organizations 1993:pre-war border conflicts 14109:Northern Sea Route Raid 13989:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 13893:Military aid to Ukraine 13704:Third Silesian Uprising 13672:First Silesian Uprising 13667:Polish–Czechoslovak War 13436:Battle of Chocim (1673) 13414:Battle of Chocim (1621) 12640:Second Guangxi campaign 12495:Philippines (1944–1945) 11992:Battle of the Coral Sea 11895:Fall of the Philippines 11541:Battle of South Guangxi 11447:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 10846:Italian Social Republic 9483:War propaganda newsreel 9474:8 February 2016 at the 9307:March 18, 2018, at the 9247:8 November 2012 at the 8678:Studies in Intelligence 8628:Chodakiewicz, Marek Jan 7796:Raack, Richard (1995). 7116:Robert Forczyk (2019). 6906:Stephan Janzyk (2017). 6515:, New York, 1978, ch. 2 6024:. Longman. p. 74. 5479:Polish Campaign of 1939 5417:Überfall auf Polen 1939 5211:John Ellis, writing in 4715:, and Hitler appointed 4672:, commanded by general 4447:held until 19 September 4433:. Some isolated Polish 4316:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 4263:alone dropped 388 4253:anti-aircraft batteries 4195:(the Polish Corridor), 3843:and to turn the Poles' 3744:Walther von Brauchitsch 3657:360° Gundlach periscope 3613:Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 3221:reconnaissance aircraft 3154:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 3080:with the United Kingdom 2969:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 2963:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 2268:wojna obronna 1939 roku 2254:under the terms of the 2239:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 14203:World War II invasions 13771:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 13714:World War II in Poland 13374:Zebrzydowski rebellion 13357:Moldavian Magnate Wars 13324:Siege of Danzig (1577) 12225:Armistice of Cassibile 12020:Battle of Dutch Harbor 11971:Battle of the Java Sea 11874:Attack on Pearl Harbor 11774:Syria–Lebanon campaign 11767:Battle of South Shanxi 11737:Invasion of Yugoslavia 11520:Battle of the Atlantic 11134:Korean Liberation Army 10840:(until September 1943) 10797:(until September 1944) 10775:(until September 1944) 9404:April 4, 2024, at the 9391:April 4, 2024, at the 9319:April 7, 2024, at the 9110:Zaloga, Steve (1982). 8785:Jentz, Thomas (1996). 8362:The Air War: 1939–1945 7859:Sudoł, Tomasz (2011). 7521:Peace at Daggers Drawn 7200:Ohler, Norman (2017). 7085:Peszke, Michael Alfred 6228:Cite journal requires 6109:Majer, Diemut (2003). 5893:encyclopedia.ushmm.org 5765:. 1941. Archived from 5313:Siege of Warsaw (1939) 5194: 5124: 5081: 5034: 4956: 4874: 4868: 4854: 4802: 4781: 4768:Gebirgsjägerregimenter 4747: 4643: 4612:during the invasion.) 4463: 4406: 4306: 4227:, took place near the 4188: 4117: 4044: 4005: 3923: 3731: 3644: 3576: 3484:Second Polish Republic 3475: 3250:Joachim von Ribbentrop 3231: 3174: 3157: 3143: 2637:Occupation of the Ruhr 2619:Franco-Polish alliance 2505:The population of the 2437:Causes of World War II 2280: 2267: 2263: 2248:Soviets invaded Poland 295:Commanders and leaders 172:declare war on Germany 14213:September 1939 events 14146:Falsifiers of History 13984:Relations before 1941 13876:2003 invasion of Iraq 13804:Operation Ostra Brama 13699:Polish–Lithuanian War 13513:Battle of Berestechko 13241:War against Sigismund 13015:Galicia–Volhynia Wars 12389:Second Battle of Guam 12285:Bengal famine of 1943 12255:Second Battle of Kiev 12211:Battle of the Dnieper 12080:Kokoda Track campaign 11909:Battle of Wake Island 11781:East African campaign 11723:Battle of South Henan 11368:atrocities by Germans 11141:Korean Volunteer Army 10115:Occupation of Germany 9869:Music in World War II 9450:May 20, 2024, at the 9416:30 April 2008 at the 9265:May 11, 2009, at the 8976:Rossino, Alexander B. 8762:Hooton, E.R. (2007). 8722:Naval Institute Press 8544:. Fawcett Columbine. 8513:(19 September 2004). 8401:Bekker, Cajus (1964) 8289:Steve Zaloga (2004). 7623:Gmyz, Cezary (2007). 7584:Rossino, Alexander B. 6742:Michael Alfred Peszke 6722:Michael Alfred Peszke 5850:Bunich, Igor (1994). 5429:vtorshenie v Polshshu 5232:Zaloga and Madej, in 5175: 5119: 5076: 5024: 4983:Franz Eher Nachfolger 4954: 4869: 4859: 4852: 4800: 4783:Further information: 4776: 4745: 4641: 4458: 4417:were crippled at the 4400: 4300: 4291:Further information: 4186: 4131:Walther von Reichenau 4115: 4079:Field Army "Bernolák" 4042: 4000: 3940:territorial integrity 3932:Eastern Upper Silesia 3921: 3729: 3638: 3570: 3496:National Defence Fund 3473: 3401:some other historians 3229: 3166: 3148: 3138: 3063:roadway, part of the 2873:Battle of Lake Khasan 2786:December 9th Movement 2586:Polish–Lithuanian War 2396:into its constituent 2308:Germany–Poland border 2211:War of Poland of 1939 1918:Yugoslavian Partisans 1630:1st Tomaszów Lubelski 1578:2nd Tomaszów Lubelski 1122:Casualties and losses 79:bombers over Poland; 14130:Operation Barbarossa 14006:Population transfers 13657:Polish–Ukrainian War 13508:Khmelnytsky Uprising 13071:Polish–Teutonic wars 12880:Early modern warfare 12675:Surrender of Germany 12153:Battle of West Hubei 12110:Guadalcanal campaign 12073:Battle of Stalingrad 11999:Battle of Madagascar 10766:Albania protectorate 10553:(formerly Swaziland) 10262:Wehrmacht war crimes 10078:Expulsion of Germans 9862:Art and World War II 9760:British contribution 9709:Governments in exile 9462:26 June 2012 at the 9142:on 27 September 2005 8930:Prazmowska, Anita J. 8865:. Hippocrene Books. 8832:. London; New York: 8789:. Atglen: Schiffer. 8671:Fischer, Benjamin B. 8649:Ellis, John (1999). 8511:Baliszewski, Dariusz 8485:Baliszewski, Dariusz 8451:Ellis, John (1999). 8063:(IPN) Warszawa 2009 7784:Memoirs of a Soldier 7426:6 March 2008 at the 7365:Goldman pp. 163, 164 7187:The Gettysburg Times 6887:. My country? Europe 6732:43 (Feb 1979): 18–24 6511:Seidner, Stanley S. 6408:on 27 September 2011 6335:on 27 September 2007 5889:"German-Soviet Pact" 5487:kampania polska 1939 5167:The Second World War 4998:black-and-white film 4684:). Hitler appointed 4586:Operation Tannenberg 4401:Red Army enters the 4125:was approaching the 4074:Battle of the Border 3881:units from Slovakia. 3849:Walter von Reichenau 3752:German ground forces 3625:Supermarine Spitfire 3528:were used as mobile 3480:Partitions of Poland 3365:operational doctrine 3182:spheres of influence 2921:Slovak–Hungarian War 2568:Treaty of Versailles 2527:Treaty of Versailles 2310:to more established 2201:, also known as the 1673:Operation Tannenberg 1336:Battle of the Border 667:Stefan Dąb-Biernacki 607:Władysław Bortnowski 382:Walter von Reichenau 14218:October 1939 events 14208:Invasions of Poland 13951:Anti-Comintern Pact 13754:during World War II 13540:Kościuszko Uprising 13504:1644 Tatar Invasion 13478:Fedorovych uprising 13469:1624 Tatar Invasion 13396:Polish–Ottoman wars 13348:1593 Tatar Invasion 13340:1589 Tatar Invasion 13317:Battle of Lubieszów 13246:Battle of Stångebro 13216:Polish–Swedish wars 13123:Thirteen Years' War 12993:Miecław's Rebellion 12968:Polish–Veletian War 12905:Polish Armed Forces 12873:General and related 12765:Potsdam Declaration 12654:Italy (Spring 1945) 12417:Liberation of Paris 11867:Siege of Sevastopol 10878:(until August 1944) 10781:Wang Jingwei regime 10603:from September 1943 10563:from September 1944 10501:from September 1944 10361:Romanian war crimes 10352:Persecution of Jews 10338:Croatian war crimes 10308:Japanese war crimes 10122:Occupation of Japan 10071:First Indochina War 9783:Military production 9695:Declarations of war 9489:Advance into Poland 9432:, 24 September 2008 8952:Piotrowski, Tadeusz 8634:. Lexington Books. 8619:10.35467/sdq/103158 8487:(10 October 2004). 8359:Overy, Richard J., 8349:Google Print, p. 50 8098:16 May 2016 at the 7719:, pp. ix, 1–5. 7703:12 May 2019 at the 7693:Tomasz Chinciński, 6251:The new nationalism 5997:(weekly), 38/2004. 5608:Briand-Kellogg Pact 5452:kampania wrześniowa 5201:Frederick the Great 5197:Vernichtungsgedanke 5189:Vernichtungsgedanke 5061:Corriere della Sera 4964:Eyewitness accounts 4897:extermination camps 4721:Arthur Seyß-Inquart 4479:Franciszek Kleeberg 3968:Romanian Bridgehead 3914:Polish defence plan 3829:Johannes Blaskowitz 3797:Bohemia and Moravia 3509:Experiences in the 3282:. On the same day, 3274:sent its destroyer 3203:railway station in 3091:Neville Chamberlain 2953:Apr.–Aug. 1939 2935:Mar.–Aug. 1939 2929:Mar.–Apr. 1939 2875:July–Aug. 1938 2821:Anti-Comintern Pact 2708:January 28 incident 2507:Free City of Danzig 2483:Anti-Comintern Pact 2449:, came to power in 2445:, under its leader 2392:. The Soviet Union 2386:Free City of Danzig 2363:sphere of influence 2324:Romanian Bridgehead 2316:Battle of the Bzura 2264:kampania wrześniowa 2233:, which marked the 1476:Tomaszów Mazowiecki 832:Front Cavalry Group 756:Field Army Bernolák 594:Emil Przedrzymirski 370:Johannes Blaskowitz 136:Free City of Danzig 14188:Invasion of Poland 14063:Invasion of Poland 14032:Economic relations 13881:Occupation of Iraq 13861:War in Afghanistan 13738:Invasion of Poland 13633:fighting in Poland 13554:Poland partitioned 13500:Ostryanyn uprising 13352:Nalyvaiko Uprising 13299:Great Northern War 13263:Battle of Kircholm 13156:Battle of Grotniki 13128:War of the Priests 13101:Battle of Grunwald 12758:Surrender of Japan 12591:Battle of Iwo Jima 12440:Belgrade offensive 11846:Siege of Leningrad 11730:Battle of Shanggao 11659:British Somaliland 11624:Dunkirk evacuation 11575:Norwegian campaign 11513:Invasion of Poland 11340:Japanese prisoners 10301:Italian war crimes 10232:British war crimes 10147:Soviet occupations 9931:South-West Pacific 9818:Allied cooperation 9776:Military equipment 9444:Invasion of Poland 9361:1 September 1939. 8914:The New York Times 8898:Moorhouse, Roger. 8497:(in Polish) (1141) 8078:2012-03-23 at the 7376:Tadeusz Piotrowski 7286:E.R. Hooton, p. 91 7145:E.R. Hooton, p. 87 6997:on 9 February 2008 6845:. 3 February 2014. 6758:Google Print, p. 2 6394:Indiana University 6281:The New York Times 5822:(Krivosheev G.F., 5769:on 7 February 2009 5763:The New York Times 5737:The Canberra Times 5576:), one minelayer ( 5425:вторжение в Польшу 5125: 5039:Charge at Krojanty 5035: 5004:are stored in the 4957: 4855: 4803: 4748: 4709:Gerd von Rundstedt 4644: 4451:Hel Fortified Area 4407: 4307: 4189: 4118: 4057:Schleswig-Holstein 4045: 4006: 3991:double envelopment 3970:could be created. 3924: 3858:. Colonel General 3817:Gerd von Rundstedt 3756:declaration of war 3748:commander in chief 3732: 3645: 3577: 3545:Lotnictwo Wojskowe 3476: 3417:and strafing. The 3393:Basil Liddell Hart 3287:Edward Rydz-Śmigły 3270:On 30 August, the 3232: 3209:Jabłonków incident 3158: 3150:Vyacheslav Molotov 3115:Breakdown of talks 3031:that followed the 3022:Verteidigungskrieg 2975:Invasion of Poland 2965:May–Sep. 1939 2897:First Vienna Award 2774:He–Umezu Agreement 2541:German nationalism 2390:General Government 2219:Republic of Poland 2203:September Campaign 2199:invasion of Poland 2120:French West Africa 1961:South West Pacific 1869:Denmark and Norway 1324:Invasion of Poland 1276:132 tanks and cars 580:Wacław Stachiewicz 566:Edward Rydz-Śmigły 333:Gerd von Rundstedt 197:annexed by Germany 82:Schleswig-Holstein 56:Invasion of Poland 44:Polish–German Wars 14198:Conflicts in 1939 14175: 14174: 13963:Spanish Civil War 13957:Jewish Bolshevism 13903: 13902: 13838:Racibórz Conflict 13830:People's Republic 13824: 13823: 13799:Operation Tempest 13677:Polish–Soviet War 13618:November Uprising 13594:Austro-Polish War 13582:Prussian campaign 13548: 13547: 13443:Great Turkish War 13384:Battle of Humenné 13379:Thirty Years' War 13367:Battle of Kłuszyn 13344:Kosiński uprising 13334:Battle of Byczyna 13201: 13200: 13113:Gollub War (1422) 13108:Hunger War (1414) 13056: 13055: 13046:Battle of Legnica 12997:1072 war against 12973:Battle of Cedynia 12832: 12831: 12790: 12789: 12633:Battle of Okinawa 12532:Burma (1944–1945) 12366:Mariana and Palau 12146:Tunisian campaign 11964:Fall of Singapore 11888:Fall of Hong Kong 11631:Battle of Britain 11484:Operation Himmler 11393: 11392: 11057:Dutch East Indies 10693:Southern Rhodesia 10445: 10444: 10345:Genocide of Serbs 10248:German war crimes 10225:Soviet war crimes 10218:Allied war crimes 10064:Division of Korea 10043:Chinese Civil War 9841:Strategic bombing 9753:Manhattan Project 9068:Weinberg, Gerhard 8993:978-0-7006-1234-5 8859:Lukas, Richard C. 8573:978-1-86227-117-3 7910:978-0-465-03297-6 7871:. 8–9 (129–130). 7679:Piotrowski (1998) 7485:, pp. 20–24) 7459:Piotrowski (1998) 7405:Piotrowski (1998) 6843:"PZL P.11G Kobuz" 6583:, pp. 90–91. 6529:Heinrich Fraenkel 6398:"Chronology 1939" 6084:The Polish Review 6054:, pp. 20–24. 5977:on 5 August 2019. 5955:978-0-8028-4420-0 5932:Piotrowski (1998) 5818:Кривошеев Г. Ф., 5739:. 13 October 1939 5645:The 1939 Campaign 5503:wojna polska 1939 5437:invázia do Poľska 5427:, transcription: 5147:Henryk Dobrzański 4924:Soviet occupation 4918:According to the 4906:Intelligenzaktion 4760:Semyon Krivoshein 4736:Reichsstatthalter 4532:bombing of Warsaw 4351:Riga Peace Treaty 4123:Georg von Küchler 3868:Günther von Kluge 3864:Georg von Küchler 3562:Battle of Britain 3511:Polish–Soviet War 3446:Spanish Civil War 3349:(army) had 3,472 3308:Operation Himmler 3292:Gleiwitz incident 3284:Marshal of Poland 3263:ordered military 3095:Foreign Secretary 3077:military alliance 3014: 3013: 2809:Spanish Civil War 2744:Italo-Soviet Pact 2714:Geneva Conference 2613:Treaty of Rapallo 2607:Treaty of Trianon 2580:Polish–Soviet War 2288:Gleiwitz incident 2192: 2191: 2113:Strategic bombing 2029:Mediterranean Sea 1784: 1783: 1689: 1688: 1289: 1288: 1270:~675,000 captured 770:Belorussian Front 655:Kazimierz Fabrycy 435:Semyon Timoshenko 358:Günther von Kluge 346:Georg von Küchler 304:Invading command: 219: 218: 95:bombing of Warsaw 16:(Redirected from 14225: 13944:Prior antagonism 13930: 13923: 13916: 13907: 13906: 13794:Italian Campaign 13763:Ghetto uprisings 13750:, and 13719: 13718: 13682:Battle of Warsaw 13623:January Uprising 13562:Denisko uprising 13495:Pavlyuk uprising 13473:Zhmaylo uprising 13453:Battle of Vienna 13312:Danzig rebellion 13212: 13211: 13089:Battle of Płowce 13067: 13066: 13062:Jagiellon Poland 13024:Mongol invasions 12961: 12960: 12946: 12934: 12925: 12859: 12852: 12845: 12836: 12835: 12825: 12818: 12811: 12808:World portal 12806: 12805: 12781: 12774: 12767: 12760: 12751: 12744: 12737: 12728: 12721: 12714: 12707: 12700: 12693: 12684: 12677: 12670: 12668:Prague offensive 12663: 12661:Battle of Berlin 12656: 12649: 12642: 12635: 12628: 12621: 12614: 12607: 12605:Vienna offensive 12600: 12593: 12586: 12584:Battle of Manila 12579: 12559: 12550: 12541: 12534: 12525: 12518: 12511: 12504: 12497: 12490: 12483: 12474: 12465: 12458: 12449: 12442: 12435: 12428: 12419: 12412: 12405: 12398: 12391: 12384: 12377: 12368: 12361: 12352: 12343: 12334: 12327: 12325:Korsun–Cherkassy 12320: 12309: 12287: 12278: 12271: 12264: 12257: 12250: 12243: 12236: 12227: 12220: 12213: 12206: 12197: 12190: 12183: 12176: 12169: 12167:Bombing of Gorky 12162: 12155: 12148: 12128: 12121: 12112: 12105: 12098: 12089: 12082: 12075: 12068: 12061: 12050: 12043: 12036: 12029: 12027:Battle of Midway 12022: 12015: 12013:Battle of Gazala 12008: 12001: 11994: 11987: 11980: 11973: 11966: 11946: 11939: 11932: 11925: 11923:Battle of Borneo 11918: 11916:Malayan campaign 11911: 11904: 11897: 11890: 11883: 11876: 11869: 11862: 11860:Bombing of Gorky 11855: 11853:Battle of Moscow 11848: 11841: 11834: 11827: 11820: 11813: 11797: 11790: 11783: 11776: 11769: 11762: 11753: 11746: 11739: 11732: 11725: 11705: 11696: 11689: 11682: 11675: 11668: 11661: 11654: 11647: 11640: 11633: 11626: 11619: 11617:Battle of France 11612: 11605: 11598: 11591: 11584: 11577: 11557: 11550: 11543: 11536: 11529: 11522: 11515: 11493: 11486: 11479: 11472: 11470:Munich Agreement 11465: 11458: 11449: 11442: 11435: 11426: 11419: 11404: 11403: 11386: 11379: 11370: 11363: 11356: 11355:Soviet prisoners 11349: 11342: 11335: 11326: 11319: 11310: 11303: 11296: 11295:German prisoners 11291: 11271: 11262: 11255: 11248: 11243: 11236: 11229: 11222: 11215: 11208: 11201: 11194: 11187: 11180: 11173: 11166: 11159: 11152: 11143: 11136: 11129: 11122: 11115: 11108: 11101: 11094: 11087: 11080: 11073: 11066: 11059: 11052: 11045: 11038: 11031: 11024: 11017: 10997: 10990: 10983: 10976: 10969: 10962: 10955: 10948: 10941: 10934: 10927: 10907: 10900: 10893: 10886: 10879: 10871: 10864: 10857: 10848: 10841: 10833: 10826: 10824:French Indochina 10819: 10812: 10805: 10798: 10790: 10783: 10776: 10768: 10748: 10739: 10732: 10723: 10716: 10709: 10702: 10695: 10688: 10681: 10674: 10671:from August 1944 10662: 10655: 10648: 10641: 10634: 10627: 10620: 10613: 10606: 10594: 10587: 10580: 10573: 10566: 10554: 10546: 10539: 10532: 10525: 10518: 10511: 10504: 10492: 10485: 10478: 10471: 10456: 10455: 10436: 10429: 10422: 10415: 10408: 10397: 10382: 10375: 10368: 10363: 10354: 10347: 10340: 10331: 10324: 10317: 10315:Nanjing Massacre 10310: 10303: 10294: 10292:Nuremberg trials 10285: 10278: 10271: 10264: 10257: 10250: 10241: 10234: 10227: 10220: 10200: 10193: 10186: 10177: 10170: 10163: 10156: 10149: 10142: 10133: 10124: 10117: 10110: 10103: 10094: 10087: 10080: 10073: 10066: 10059: 10052: 10045: 10025: 10016: 10009: 10002: 9993: 9986: 9979: 9972: 9963: 9956: 9949: 9940: 9933: 9926: 9919: 9912: 9905: 9898: 9896:Asia and Pacific 9878: 9871: 9864: 9857: 9850: 9843: 9836: 9827: 9825:Mulberry harbour 9820: 9813: 9806: 9799: 9792: 9785: 9778: 9771: 9762: 9755: 9748: 9739: 9732: 9725: 9718: 9711: 9704: 9697: 9690: 9683: 9676: 9667: 9660: 9645: 9644: 9633: 9626: 9617: 9610: 9603: 9596: 9589: 9582: 9575: 9554: 9547: 9540: 9531: 9530: 9493:Internet Archive 9231: 9210:Moorhouse, Roger 9205: 9183: 9151: 9149: 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Archived from 8666: 8645: 8623: 8621: 8596: 8577: 8555: 8536: 8534: 8532: 8506: 8504: 8502: 8489:"Wojna sukcesów" 8469: 8464:Matthew Cooper, 8462: 8456: 8449: 8443: 8438:Matthew Cooper, 8436: 8430: 8424: 8418: 8412: 8406: 8399: 8393: 8392: 8372: 8366: 8357: 8351: 8333: 8327: 8315:Henryk Smaczny, 8313: 8307: 8306: 8286: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8275: 8261: 8255: 8254: 8247: 8241: 8240: 8234: 8230: 8228: 8220: 8201: 8195: 8194: 8188: 8180: 8172: 8166: 8165: 8163: 8161: 8152:. Archived from 8146: 8140: 8125: 8119: 8109: 8103: 8089: 8083: 8054: 8048: 8047: 8045: 8043: 8028: 8019: 8018: 7998: 7992: 7991: 7989: 7987: 7964: 7958: 7955: 7946: 7945: 7933: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7922: 7894: 7888: 7887: 7885: 7883: 7877: 7866: 7856: 7850: 7843: 7834: 7827: 7821: 7820: 7818: 7816: 7793: 7787: 7768: 7762: 7761: 7751: 7745: 7735: 7720: 7714: 7708: 7692: 7688: 7682: 7676: 7670: 7669: 7661: 7655: 7654: 7648: 7640: 7638: 7636: 7620: 7614: 7608: 7602: 7596: 7590: 7581: 7575: 7569: 7563: 7560: 7554: 7551: 7545: 7539: 7533: 7516: 7510: 7504: 7498: 7492: 7486: 7479: 7470: 7456: 7450: 7441: 7437: 7431: 7419: 7416:Sanford, p. 23; 7414: 7408: 7402: 7396: 7395: 7372: 7366: 7363: 7357: 7347: 7341: 7340: 7302: 7296: 7293: 7287: 7284: 7275: 7260: 7254: 7251: 7240: 7239: 7237: 7235: 7212: 7206: 7205: 7197: 7191: 7190: 7179: 7173: 7172: 7159: 7146: 7143: 7134: 7133: 7113: 7107: 7106: 7093:Hippocrene Books 7081: 7072: 7065: 7052: 7046: 7040: 7039: 7033: 7025: 7018:Edward Raczyński 7013: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7002: 6984: 6978: 6977: 6969: 6963: 6957: 6951: 6950: 6930: 6924: 6923: 6903: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6880: 6871: 6868: 6862: 6856: 6847: 6846: 6839: 6833: 6832: 6830: 6828: 6813: 6807: 6806: 6799: 6793: 6792: 6784: 6778: 6775: 6769: 6766: 6760: 6739: 6733: 6730:Military Affairs 6719: 6713: 6712: 6704: 6698: 6692: 6686: 6680: 6674: 6668: 6662: 6656: 6650: 6644: 6635: 6632: 6626: 6623: 6617: 6614: 6608: 6604:Matthew Cooper, 6602: 6593: 6590: 6584: 6578: 6572: 6566: 6560: 6554: 6548: 6522: 6516: 6509: 6503: 6500: 6494: 6488: 6482: 6476: 6470: 6464: 6458: 6452: 6446: 6439: 6430: 6424: 6418: 6417: 6415: 6413: 6390: 6384: 6383: 6376: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6365: 6354: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6340: 6325: 6319: 6316: 6310: 6307: 6301: 6298: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6273: 6267: 6265: 6245: 6239: 6237: 6231: 6226: 6224: 6216: 6212: 6206: 6203: 6197: 6194: 6188: 6186: 6166: 6157: 6156: 6136: 6127: 6126: 6106: 6100: 6099: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6061: 6055: 6049: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6038: 6015: 6006: 5985: 5979: 5978: 5973:. Archived from 5966: 5960: 5959: 5941: 5935: 5929: 5920: 5913: 5907: 5906: 5901: 5899: 5885: 5879: 5872: 5866: 5865: 5847: 5838: 5837: 5816: 5807: 5804: 5798: 5794:Kamil Cywinski, 5792: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5729: 5720: 5714: 5705: 5703: 5699: 5688: 5685: 5679: 5673: 5667: 5666:ER Hooton, p. 85 5664: 5658: 5641: 5621: 5617: 5611: 5600: 5594: 5590: 5584: 5566: 5560: 5556: 5550: 5546: 5540: 5532: 5520: 5511: 5505: 5496: 5490: 5477:; also known as 5460: 5454: 5445: 5439: 5410: 5404: 5401: 5392: 5389: 5383: 5377: 5371: 5365: 5349:Western betrayal 5288:Oder–Neisse line 5181: 5130:Battle of France 5093:Polish Air Force 5087:Polish Air Force 5057:Indro Montanelli 4830:in 1937 and the 4667: 4590:ethnic cleansing 4588:, a campaign of 4541:and the regular 4380:prisoners of war 4376:Battle of Grodno 4261:Stukageschwaders 4066:including Wieluń 3949:counteroffensive 3769:panzergrenadiers 3575:fighter aircraft 3541:Polish Air Force 3530:mounted infantry 3355:Replacement Army 3254:Nevile Henderson 3073:balance of power 3061:extraterritorial 3033:Munich Agreement 3006: 2999: 2992: 2891:Munich Agreement 2827:Suiyuan campaign 2675:Great Depression 2663:Locarno Treaties 2550: 2549: 2382:directly annexed 2275: 2179:French Indochina 1822: 1811: 1804: 1797: 1788: 1787: 1728: 1726: 1716: 1709: 1702: 1693: 1692: 1327: 1325: 1315: 1308: 1301: 1292: 1291: 1281: 1275: 1269: 1263: 1257: 1236: 1231:5,327 casualties 1230: 1223: 1217: 1205: 1199: 1193: 1187: 1181:Slovak Republic: 1176: 1170: 1164: 1158: 1152: 1146: 1113: 1104: 1098: 1092: 1086: 1080: 1059: 1053: 1047: 1041: 1035: 1023: 1017:Slovak Republic: 1012: 1006: 1000: 994: 988: 956: 952: 951: 950: 939: 938: 937: 927: 926: 925: 915: 914: 913: 903: 902: 901: 891: 890: 889: 879: 878: 877: 867: 866: 865: 855: 854: 853: 808: 807: 806: 767: 766: 765: 754: 753: 752: 730: 727:Army Group South 724: 723: 722: 702: 699:Army Group North 696: 695: 694: 684:Invading armies: 665: 664: 663: 653: 652: 651: 641: 640: 639: 629: 628: 627: 619:Tadeusz Kutrzeba 617: 616: 615: 605: 604: 603: 596: 592: 591: 590: 577: 576: 575: 563: 562: 561: 552: 538: 537: 536: 526: 525: 524: 514: 513: 512: 502: 501: 500: 490: 489: 488: 478: 477: 476: 469: 461:Nikifor Medvedev 459: 458: 457: 449:Vasily Kuznetsov 447: 446: 445: 438: 432: 431: 430: 417: 416: 415: 406:Ferdinand Čatloš 404: 403: 402: 392: 391: 390: 380: 379: 378: 368: 367: 366: 356: 355: 354: 344: 343: 342: 330: 329: 328: 316: 315: 314: 305: 289: 285: 283: 282: 273: 268: 266: 265: 255: 253: 252: 245: 241: 239: 238: 205: 191: 118: 111:1 September 1939 103: 102: 73: 53: 52: 21: 14233: 14232: 14228: 14227: 14226: 14224: 14223: 14222: 14178: 14177: 14176: 14171: 14156: 14118: 14051: 14020: 13972: 13939: 13934: 13904: 13899: 13847: 13820: 13814:Warsaw Uprising 13785: 13757: 13708: 13649:Second Republic 13643: 13567:Napoleonic Wars 13544: 13461: 13390: 13303: 13197: 13183:Battle of Orsha 13166:Battle of Varna 13137: 13052: 13019: 13004:Siege of Głogów 12950: 12949: 12938: 12914: 12868: 12863: 12833: 12828: 12821: 12814: 12800: 12798: 12786: 12777: 12770: 12763: 12756: 12747: 12740: 12733: 12724: 12719:Atomic bombings 12717: 12710: 12703: 12696: 12689: 12680: 12673: 12666: 12659: 12652: 12645: 12638: 12631: 12624: 12617: 12610: 12603: 12596: 12589: 12582: 12575: 12562: 12555: 12544: 12537: 12530: 12521: 12514: 12507: 12500: 12493: 12486: 12477: 12468: 12461: 12452: 12445: 12438: 12431: 12422: 12415: 12410:Eastern Romania 12408: 12403:Warsaw Uprising 12401: 12396:Tannenberg Line 12394: 12387: 12382:Western Ukraine 12380: 12371: 12364: 12355: 12346: 12337: 12330: 12323: 12312: 12303: 12290: 12283: 12274: 12267: 12260: 12253: 12246: 12239: 12232: 12223: 12216: 12209: 12200: 12193: 12186: 12179: 12174:Battle of Kursk 12172: 12165: 12158: 12151: 12144: 12131: 12124: 12115: 12108: 12101: 12092: 12085: 12078: 12071: 12064: 12055: 12046: 12039: 12032: 12025: 12018: 12011: 12004: 11997: 11990: 11983: 11978:St Nazaire Raid 11976: 11969: 11962: 11949: 11942: 11935: 11928: 11921: 11914: 11907: 11900: 11893: 11886: 11879: 11872: 11865: 11858: 11851: 11844: 11837: 11830: 11823: 11816: 11802: 11793: 11786: 11779: 11772: 11765: 11760:Anglo-Iraqi War 11758: 11751:Battle of Crete 11749: 11742: 11735: 11728: 11721: 11708: 11699: 11692: 11685: 11680:Eastern Romania 11678: 11671: 11664: 11657: 11650: 11643: 11636: 11629: 11622: 11615: 11608: 11601: 11594: 11587: 11580: 11573: 11560: 11553: 11546: 11539: 11532: 11525: 11518: 11511: 11498: 11489: 11482: 11475: 11468: 11461: 11454: 11445: 11438: 11431: 11422: 11415: 11389: 11382: 11375: 11366: 11359: 11354: 11345: 11338: 11331: 11322: 11315: 11306: 11299: 11294: 11287: 11274: 11267: 11258: 11251: 11246: 11241:Western Ukraine 11239: 11232: 11225: 11218: 11211: 11204: 11197: 11190: 11185:Northeast China 11183: 11176: 11169: 11162: 11155: 11148: 11139: 11132: 11125: 11118: 11111: 11104: 11097: 11090: 11083: 11076: 11069: 11062: 11055: 11048: 11041: 11034: 11027: 11020: 11013: 11000: 10993: 10986: 10979: 10972: 10965: 10958: 10951: 10944: 10937: 10930: 10923: 10910: 10903: 10896: 10889: 10884:Slovak Republic 10882: 10874: 10867: 10860: 10855:Empire of Japan 10853: 10844: 10836: 10829: 10822: 10815: 10808: 10801: 10793: 10786: 10779: 10771: 10764: 10751: 10744: 10735: 10728: 10719: 10712: 10705: 10698: 10691: 10684: 10677: 10665: 10658: 10651: 10644: 10637: 10630: 10623: 10616: 10609: 10597: 10590: 10583: 10576: 10569: 10557: 10549: 10542: 10535: 10528: 10521: 10514: 10507: 10495: 10488: 10481: 10474: 10467: 10441: 10432: 10425: 10418: 10411: 10400: 10385: 10378: 10371: 10367:Sexual violence 10366: 10359: 10350: 10343: 10336: 10327: 10320: 10313: 10306: 10299: 10290: 10281: 10274: 10267: 10260: 10253: 10246: 10237: 10230: 10223: 10216: 10203: 10196: 10189: 10182: 10173: 10166: 10159: 10152: 10145: 10136: 10127: 10120: 10113: 10106: 10097: 10090: 10085:Greek Civil War 10083: 10076: 10069: 10062: 10055: 10048: 10041: 10028: 10021: 10012: 10005: 9998: 9989: 9982: 9975: 9968: 9959: 9952: 9945: 9936: 9929: 9922: 9915: 9910:South-East Asia 9908: 9901: 9894: 9881: 9874: 9867: 9860: 9853: 9846: 9839: 9832: 9823: 9816: 9809: 9802: 9795: 9788: 9781: 9774: 9769:Military awards 9767: 9758: 9751: 9744: 9735: 9728: 9721: 9714: 9707: 9700: 9693: 9686: 9679: 9672: 9663: 9656: 9636: 9629: 9622: 9613: 9606: 9599: 9594: 9585: 9578: 9571: 9563: 9558: 9476:Wayback Machine 9464:Wayback Machine 9452:Wayback Machine 9439:Wayback Machine 9418:Wayback Machine 9406:Wayback Machine 9393:Wayback Machine 9380:Wayback Machine 9367:Wayback Machine 9345:Wayback Machine 9333:Wayback Machine 9321:Wayback Machine 9309:Wayback Machine 9297:Wayback Machine 9285:Wayback Machine 9267:Wayback Machine 9249:Wayback Machine 9238: 9228: 9218:The Bodley Head 9202: 9180: 9160: 9158:Further reading 9155: 9154: 9145: 9143: 9128: 9122: 9103: 9084: 9060: 9030: 9029: 9016: 9002:Sanford, George 8994: 8968: 8944: 8919: 8917: 8908: 8892: 8873: 8848: 8846: 8844: 8816: 8797: 8778: 8755: 8732: 8709: 8687: 8685: 8684:on 13 June 2007 8663: 8642: 8593: 8574: 8552: 8530: 8528: 8500: 8498: 8478: 8473: 8472: 8463: 8459: 8450: 8446: 8437: 8433: 8425: 8421: 8413: 8409: 8400: 8396: 8389: 8373: 8369: 8358: 8354: 8334: 8330: 8314: 8310: 8303: 8287: 8283: 8273: 8271: 8263: 8262: 8258: 8249: 8248: 8244: 8232: 8231: 8222: 8221: 8217: 8203: 8202: 8198: 8182: 8181: 8173: 8169: 8159: 8157: 8156:on 4 March 2016 8148: 8147: 8143: 8129:The Polish Gold 8126: 8122: 8110: 8106: 8100:Wayback Machine 8090: 8086: 8080:Wayback Machine 8055: 8051: 8041: 8039: 8038:on 6 April 2012 8030: 8029: 8022: 8015: 7999: 7995: 7985: 7983: 7981: 7970:A World at Arms 7965: 7961: 7956: 7949: 7934: 7930: 7920: 7918: 7911: 7903:. Basic Books. 7895: 7891: 7881: 7879: 7875: 7864: 7857: 7853: 7844: 7837: 7828: 7824: 7814: 7812: 7810: 7794: 7790: 7770:Кривошеин С.М. 7769: 7765: 7752: 7748: 7736: 7723: 7715: 7711: 7705:Wayback Machine 7690: 7689: 7685: 7677: 7673: 7662: 7658: 7642: 7641: 7634: 7632: 7621: 7617: 7609: 7605: 7597: 7593: 7582: 7578: 7570: 7566: 7561: 7557: 7552: 7548: 7540: 7536: 7517: 7513: 7505: 7501: 7493: 7489: 7480: 7473: 7457: 7453: 7439: 7438: 7434: 7428:Wayback Machine 7417: 7415: 7411: 7403: 7399: 7392: 7373: 7369: 7364: 7360: 7348: 7344: 7303: 7299: 7294: 7290: 7285: 7278: 7261: 7257: 7252: 7243: 7233: 7231: 7213: 7209: 7198: 7194: 7181: 7180: 7176: 7160: 7149: 7144: 7137: 7130: 7114: 7110: 7103: 7082: 7075: 7066: 7055: 7047: 7043: 7027: 7026: 7014: 7010: 7000: 6998: 6985: 6981: 6970: 6966: 6958: 6954: 6947: 6931: 6927: 6920: 6904: 6900: 6890: 6888: 6881: 6874: 6869: 6865: 6857: 6850: 6841: 6840: 6836: 6826: 6824: 6814: 6810: 6801: 6800: 6796: 6785: 6781: 6776: 6772: 6767: 6763: 6740: 6736: 6720: 6716: 6705: 6701: 6693: 6689: 6681: 6677: 6669: 6665: 6657: 6653: 6645: 6638: 6633: 6629: 6624: 6620: 6615: 6611: 6603: 6596: 6591: 6587: 6579: 6575: 6567: 6563: 6555: 6551: 6523: 6519: 6510: 6506: 6501: 6497: 6489: 6485: 6477: 6473: 6465: 6461: 6453: 6449: 6440: 6433: 6425: 6421: 6411: 6409: 6391: 6387: 6378: 6377: 6373: 6363: 6361: 6356: 6355: 6348: 6338: 6336: 6327: 6326: 6322: 6317: 6313: 6308: 6304: 6299: 6295: 6285: 6283: 6275: 6274: 6270: 6262: 6246: 6242: 6229: 6227: 6218: 6217: 6214: 6213: 6209: 6204: 6200: 6195: 6191: 6183: 6167: 6160: 6153: 6137: 6130: 6123: 6107: 6103: 6080: 6076: 6063: 6062: 6058: 6050: 6046: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6016: 6009: 5986: 5982: 5967: 5963: 5956: 5942: 5938: 5930: 5923: 5917:Germany 1919–45 5914: 5910: 5897: 5895: 5887: 5886: 5882: 5873: 5869: 5862: 5848: 5841: 5835: 5826:Greenhill 1997 5817: 5810: 5805: 5801: 5793: 5782: 5772: 5770: 5757: 5756: 5752: 5742: 5740: 5731: 5730: 5723: 5715: 5708: 5701: 5700: 5691: 5686: 5682: 5674: 5670: 5665: 5661: 5652:Wayback Machine 5642: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5624: 5618: 5614: 5601: 5597: 5591: 5587: 5567: 5563: 5557: 5553: 5547: 5543: 5533: 5529: 5524: 5523: 5512: 5508: 5497: 5493: 5467:kampania polska 5461: 5457: 5446: 5442: 5411: 5407: 5402: 5395: 5390: 5386: 5378: 5374: 5366: 5362: 5357: 5259: 5179: 5159: 5121:Polish soldiers 5114: 5089: 5041: 5019: 5014: 4966: 4883:Generalplan Ost 4795: 4661: 4636: 4622: 4511:Nazi propaganda 4503: 4497: 4495:Civilian deaths 4467:Battle of Szack 4427:Modlin Fortress 4303:Soviet invasion 4295: 4289: 4287:Soviet invasion 4276:Ignacy Mościcki 4225:Battle of Bzura 4210:put under siege 4102:air superiority 4037: 4035:German invasion 3916: 3872:Polish Corridor 3847:flank. General 3774:localized parts 3724: 3719: 3707:merchant marine 3699:Operation Worek 3558:PZL.50 Jastrząb 3474:Polish Infantry 3468: 3458: 3434:Heinkel He 111s 3381:, particularly 3341: 3335: 3330: 3316: 3314:Opposing forces 3117: 3010: 2981: 2980: 2841: 1937–1945 2811: 1936–1939 2805: 1936–1939 2793: 1935–1936 2752: 1933–1936 2716: 1932–1934 2704: 1931–1942 2691: 2690: 2681: 2680: 2653: 1923–1932 2639: 1923–1925 2602: 2601: 2592: 2591: 2588: 1919–1920 2582: 1919–1920 2563: 2562: 2545:German minority 2519:Polish Corridor 2455:Weimar Republic 2439: 2433: 2292:Slovak military 2271: 2227:Slovak Republic 2207:Polish Campaign 2195: 2194: 2193: 2188: 2075:Other campaigns 2069:Southern France 1978:Burma and India 1973:South-East Asia 1968:Franco-Thai War 1823: 1817: 1815: 1785: 1780: 1729: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1690: 1685: 1654: 1588:Kampinos Forest 1422:Slovak invasion 1392:Węgierska Górka 1357:Lasy Królewskie 1328: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1285: 1279: 1273: 1267: 1264:133,700 wounded 1261: 1255: 1252: 1240: 1234: 1228: 1221: 1215: 1209: 1203: 1197: 1191: 1185: 1174: 1168: 1162: 1156: 1150: 1144: 1136: 1117: 1111: 1102: 1096: 1090: 1084: 1078: 1075: 1063: 1057: 1051: 1045: 1039: 1033: 1027: 1021: 1010: 1004: 998: 992: 986: 978: 959: 948: 946: 945: 935: 933: 923: 921: 917:Pomeranian Army 911: 909: 899: 897: 887: 885: 875: 873: 863: 861: 857:Carpathian Army 851: 849: 846: 845: 838: 811:Ukrainian Front 804: 802: 763: 761: 760: 750: 748: 720: 718: 717: 692: 690: 689: 686: 685: 671: 661: 659: 649: 647: 643:Antoni Szylling 637: 635: 625: 623: 613: 611: 601: 599: 588: 586: 585: 573: 571: 559: 557: 554: 553: 551:Polish command: 550: 544: 534: 532: 522: 520: 516:Ivan Sovetnikov 510: 508: 498: 496: 486: 484: 474: 472: 463: 455: 453: 443: 441: 428: 426: 425: 420:Mikhail Kovalev 413: 411: 410: 400: 398: 388: 386: 376: 374: 364: 362: 352: 350: 340: 338: 326: 324: 312: 310: 307: 306: 303: 280: 278: 263: 261: 259: 250: 248: 247: 236: 234: 231: 200: 188: 185: 180: 143: 132:eastern Germany 109: 74: 47: 28: 23: 22: 18:Polish Campaign 15: 12: 11: 5: 14231: 14221: 14220: 14215: 14210: 14205: 14200: 14195: 14193:1939 in Poland 14190: 14173: 14172: 14170: 14169: 14161: 14158: 14157: 14155: 14154: 14149: 14142: 14140:Katyń massacre 14137: 14132: 14126: 14124: 14120: 14119: 14117: 14116: 14111: 14103: 14098: 14093: 14088:Naval cruiser 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14059: 14057: 14053: 14052: 14050: 14049: 14044: 14039: 14034: 14028: 14026: 14022: 14021: 14019: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14003: 13998: 13997: 13996: 13986: 13980: 13978: 13974: 13973: 13971: 13970: 13965: 13960: 13953: 13947: 13945: 13941: 13940: 13933: 13932: 13925: 13918: 13910: 13901: 13900: 13898: 13897: 13896: 13895: 13885: 13884: 13883: 13878: 13868: 13863: 13857: 13855: 13853:Third Republic 13849: 13848: 13846: 13845: 13840: 13834: 13832: 13826: 13825: 13822: 13821: 13819: 13818: 13817: 13816: 13811: 13806: 13796: 13790: 13787: 13786: 13784: 13783: 13778: 13773: 13767: 13765: 13759: 13758: 13756: 13755: 13740: 13735: 13734: 13733: 13722: 13716: 13710: 13709: 13707: 13706: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13690: 13689: 13687:Kiev offensive 13684: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13659: 13653: 13651: 13645: 13644: 13642: 13641: 13640: 13639: 13625: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13609: 13608: 13598: 13597: 13596: 13586: 13585: 13584: 13574: 13572:Peninsular War 13569: 13564: 13558: 13556: 13550: 13549: 13546: 13545: 13543: 13542: 13537: 13532: 13527: 13522: 13517: 13516: 13515: 13505: 13502: 13497: 13492: 13491: 13490: 13480: 13475: 13470: 13466: 13463: 13462: 13460: 13459: 13458: 13457: 13456: 13455: 13440: 13439: 13438: 13428: 13423: 13418: 13417: 13416: 13406: 13400: 13398: 13392: 13391: 13389: 13388: 13387: 13386: 13376: 13371: 13370: 13369: 13359: 13354: 13349: 13346: 13341: 13338: 13337: 13336: 13326: 13321: 13320: 13319: 13308: 13305: 13304: 13302: 13301: 13296: 13295: 13294: 13284: 13283: 13282: 13277: 13272: 13267: 13266: 13265: 13250: 13249: 13248: 13238: 13233: 13232: 13231: 13220: 13218: 13209: 13203: 13202: 13199: 13198: 13196: 13195: 13192: 13187: 13186: 13185: 13175: 13170: 13169: 13168: 13158: 13153: 13148: 13142: 13139: 13138: 13136: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13104: 13103: 13093: 13092: 13091: 13081: 13075: 13073: 13064: 13058: 13057: 13054: 13053: 13051: 13050: 13049: 13048: 13038: 13033: 13027: 13025: 13021: 13020: 13018: 13017: 13012: 13009: 13006: 13001: 12995: 12990: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12970: 12964: 12958: 12952: 12951: 12948: 12947: 12936: 12935: 12927: 12926: 12918: 12917: 12915: 12913: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12876: 12874: 12870: 12869: 12862: 12861: 12854: 12847: 12839: 12830: 12829: 12827: 12826: 12819: 12812: 12795: 12792: 12791: 12788: 12787: 12785: 12784: 12783: 12782: 12775: 12768: 12754: 12753: 12752: 12738: 12735:South Sakhalin 12731: 12730: 12729: 12715: 12708: 12701: 12694: 12687: 12686: 12685: 12671: 12664: 12657: 12650: 12643: 12636: 12629: 12622: 12615: 12608: 12601: 12594: 12587: 12580: 12572: 12570: 12564: 12563: 12561: 12560: 12553: 12552: 12551: 12535: 12528: 12527: 12526: 12512: 12505: 12498: 12491: 12484: 12475: 12466: 12459: 12450: 12443: 12436: 12429: 12420: 12413: 12406: 12399: 12392: 12385: 12378: 12369: 12362: 12353: 12344: 12335: 12328: 12321: 12310: 12300: 12298: 12292: 12291: 12289: 12288: 12281: 12280: 12279: 12272: 12258: 12251: 12244: 12237: 12230: 12229: 12228: 12214: 12207: 12198: 12191: 12184: 12177: 12170: 12163: 12160:Battle of Attu 12156: 12149: 12141: 12139: 12133: 12132: 12130: 12129: 12122: 12113: 12106: 12099: 12090: 12083: 12076: 12069: 12062: 12053: 12052: 12051: 12044: 12030: 12023: 12016: 12009: 12002: 11995: 11988: 11981: 11974: 11967: 11959: 11957: 11951: 11950: 11948: 11947: 11940: 11933: 11926: 11919: 11912: 11905: 11902:Battle of Guam 11898: 11891: 11884: 11877: 11870: 11863: 11856: 11849: 11842: 11835: 11828: 11825:Battle of Kiev 11821: 11814: 11800: 11799: 11798: 11784: 11777: 11770: 11763: 11756: 11755: 11754: 11740: 11733: 11726: 11718: 11716: 11710: 11709: 11707: 11706: 11697: 11690: 11683: 11676: 11669: 11662: 11655: 11648: 11641: 11634: 11627: 11620: 11613: 11606: 11599: 11592: 11585: 11578: 11570: 11568: 11562: 11561: 11559: 11558: 11551: 11544: 11537: 11530: 11523: 11516: 11508: 11506: 11500: 11499: 11497: 11496: 11495: 11494: 11487: 11480: 11473: 11466: 11452: 11451: 11450: 11443: 11429: 11428: 11427: 11412: 11410: 11401: 11395: 11394: 11391: 11390: 11388: 11387: 11380: 11373: 11372: 11371: 11364: 11352: 11351: 11350: 11336: 11329: 11328: 11327: 11324:United Kingdom 11320: 11313: 11312: 11311: 11292: 11284: 11282: 11276: 11275: 11273: 11272: 11265: 11264: 11263: 11256: 11244: 11237: 11230: 11223: 11216: 11209: 11202: 11195: 11188: 11181: 11174: 11167: 11160: 11153: 11146: 11145: 11144: 11137: 11123: 11116: 11109: 11102: 11095: 11088: 11081: 11074: 11067: 11060: 11053: 11046: 11039: 11032: 11025: 11018: 11010: 11008: 11002: 11001: 10999: 10998: 10991: 10984: 10977: 10970: 10963: 10956: 10949: 10942: 10935: 10928: 10920: 10918: 10912: 10911: 10909: 10908: 10901: 10894: 10887: 10880: 10872: 10865: 10858: 10851: 10850: 10849: 10834: 10827: 10820: 10813: 10806: 10799: 10791: 10784: 10777: 10769: 10761: 10759: 10753: 10752: 10750: 10749: 10742: 10741: 10740: 10726: 10725: 10724: 10721:British Empire 10714:United Kingdom 10710: 10703: 10696: 10689: 10682: 10675: 10663: 10656: 10649: 10642: 10635: 10628: 10621: 10614: 10607: 10595: 10588: 10581: 10574: 10567: 10555: 10547: 10540: 10533: 10530:Czechoslovakia 10526: 10519: 10512: 10505: 10493: 10486: 10479: 10472: 10464: 10462: 10453: 10447: 10446: 10443: 10442: 10440: 10439: 10438: 10437: 10430: 10427:Rape of Manila 10423: 10416: 10409: 10398: 10383: 10376: 10364: 10357: 10356: 10355: 10348: 10334: 10333: 10332: 10325: 10318: 10304: 10297: 10296: 10295: 10288: 10287: 10286: 10279: 10265: 10258: 10244: 10243: 10242: 10235: 10228: 10213: 10211: 10205: 10204: 10202: 10201: 10198:United Nations 10194: 10187: 10180: 10179: 10178: 10171: 10164: 10157: 10143: 10134: 10125: 10118: 10111: 10104: 10095: 10088: 10081: 10074: 10067: 10060: 10057:Decolonization 10053: 10046: 10038: 10036: 10030: 10029: 10027: 10026: 10019: 10018: 10017: 10003: 9996: 9995: 9994: 9987: 9980: 9966: 9965: 9964: 9957: 9943: 9942: 9941: 9934: 9927: 9920: 9913: 9906: 9891: 9889: 9883: 9882: 9880: 9879: 9872: 9865: 9858: 9851: 9844: 9837: 9830: 9829: 9828: 9821: 9807: 9800: 9793: 9786: 9779: 9772: 9765: 9764: 9763: 9749: 9742: 9741: 9740: 9733: 9730:United Kingdom 9726: 9712: 9705: 9698: 9691: 9684: 9677: 9670: 9669: 9668: 9653: 9651: 9642: 9638: 9637: 9635: 9634: 9627: 9620: 9619: 9618: 9611: 9604: 9592: 9591: 9590: 9576: 9568: 9565: 9564: 9557: 9556: 9549: 9542: 9534: 9528: 9527: 9519: 9511: 9480: 9479: 9466: 9454: 9441: 9425: 9420: 9408: 9395: 9382: 9369: 9356: 9347: 9335: 9323: 9311: 9299: 9287: 9275: 9269: 9256: 9237: 9236:External links 9234: 9233: 9232: 9227:978-1847924605 9226: 9206: 9201:978-0691096032 9200: 9184: 9179:978-3596163076 9178: 9159: 9156: 9153: 9152: 9126: 9121:978-0850454178 9120: 9107: 9102:978-1841764085 9101: 9088: 9083:978-0521443173 9082: 9064: 9059:978-0706403992 9058: 9043: 9020: 9015:978-0415338738 9014: 8998: 8992: 8972: 8967:978-0786429134 8966: 8948: 8943:978-0521483858 8942: 8926: 8906: 8896: 8891:978-0801864933 8890: 8877: 8872:978-0781809016 8871: 8855: 8843:978-0714647838 8842: 8820: 8815:978-0892010646 8814: 8801: 8796:978-0887409158 8795: 8782: 8777:978-1903223710 8776: 8759: 8754:978-3763758302 8753: 8736: 8731:978-1591143291 8730: 8713: 8708:978-1472834959 8707: 8694: 8667: 8662:978-0670807734 8661: 8646: 8641:978-0739104842 8640: 8624: 8612:(1): 158–189. 8597: 8592:978-0812824681 8591: 8578: 8572: 8560:Butler, Rupert 8556: 8550: 8537: 8527:on 14 May 2007 8507: 8480: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8471: 8470: 8457: 8444: 8431: 8427:Seidner (1978) 8419: 8407: 8394: 8388:978-0521275019 8387: 8367: 8352: 8328: 8308: 8302:978-0275982782 8301: 8281: 8256: 8251:"Julien Bryan" 8242: 8233:|website= 8215: 8196: 8167: 8141: 8120: 8117:978-8376290676 8104: 8084: 8069:978-8376290676 8049: 8020: 8014:978-0521558686 8013: 7993: 7980:978-0521618267 7979: 7959: 7947: 7928: 7909: 7889: 7851: 7845:Clark, Lloyd, 7835: 7829:Clark, Lloyd, 7822: 7809:978-0804724159 7808: 7788: 7763: 7746: 7721: 7709: 7683: 7681:, p. 301. 7671: 7656: 7615: 7611:Rossino (2003) 7603: 7591: 7576: 7574:, p. 174. 7564: 7555: 7546: 7544:, p. 289. 7542:Seidner (1978) 7534: 7511: 7509:, p. 279. 7507:Seidner (1978) 7499: 7497:, p. 226. 7495:Seidner (1978) 7487: 7471: 7451: 7432: 7409: 7407:, p. 295. 7397: 7391:978-0786403714 7390: 7367: 7358: 7342: 7308:Soviet Studies 7297: 7288: 7276: 7255: 7241: 7207: 7192: 7174: 7147: 7135: 7129:978-1472834942 7128: 7108: 7102:978-0781806725 7101: 7095:. p. 37. 7073: 7053: 7051:, p. 304. 7049:Seidner (1978) 7041: 7008: 6979: 6964: 6960:Seidner (1978) 6952: 6946:978-1417992775 6945: 6925: 6919:978-1473894631 6918: 6898: 6872: 6863: 6861:, p. 122. 6859:Seidner (1978) 6848: 6834: 6808: 6794: 6791:. 3/2009: 103. 6779: 6770: 6761: 6734: 6714: 6699: 6697:, p. 158. 6695:Seidner (1978) 6687: 6685:, p. 135. 6683:Seidner (1978) 6675: 6673:, p. 270. 6671:Seidner (1978) 6663: 6661:, p. 177. 6659:Seidner (1978) 6651: 6649:, p. 162. 6647:Seidner (1978) 6636: 6627: 6618: 6609: 6594: 6585: 6573: 6561: 6549: 6517: 6504: 6495: 6483: 6471: 6459: 6447: 6441:Clark, Lloyd, 6431: 6419: 6385: 6371: 6346: 6320: 6311: 6302: 6293: 6268: 6261:978-0765805508 6260: 6240: 6230:|journal= 6207: 6198: 6189: 6182:978-0631186014 6181: 6158: 6152:978-0719059582 6151: 6128: 6122:978-0801864933 6121: 6101: 6074: 6056: 6052:Sanford (2005) 6044: 6031:978-0582034082 6030: 6007: 5980: 5961: 5954: 5936: 5934:, p. 115. 5921: 5908: 5880: 5867: 5861:978-5859760039 5860: 5839: 5808: 5799: 5780: 5750: 5721: 5706: 5689: 5680: 5668: 5659: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5612: 5595: 5585: 5561: 5551: 5541: 5526: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5506: 5491: 5455: 5440: 5405: 5393: 5384: 5372: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5352: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5258: 5255: 5158: 5151: 5113: 5110: 5088: 5085: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5012:Misconceptions 5010: 4965: 4962: 4946:Katyn massacre 4893:final solution 4838:they had been 4764:victory parade 4697:Albert Forster 4686:Arthur Greiser 4621: 4618: 4608:, which was a 4595:Einsatzgruppen 4499:Main article: 4496: 4493: 4489:Battle of Kock 4320:Shigenori Tōgō 4288: 4285: 4197:Greater Poland 4036: 4033: 4011:Danish straits 3976:operation plan 3953:Western Allies 3936:separate peace 3915: 3912: 3892: 3891: 3882: 3875: 3860:Fedor von Bock 3852: 3786:Heinz Guderian 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3605:Ludomił Rayski 3591:fighters, 175 3523:Polish cavalry 3515:trench warfare 3457: 3454: 3438:Dornier Do 17s 3415:terror bombing 3334: 3331: 3315: 3312: 3197:Jablunkov Pass 3116: 3113: 3088:Prime Minister 3065:Reichsautobahn 3012: 3011: 3009: 3008: 3001: 2994: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2979: 2978: 2977:Sep. 1939 2972: 2971:Aug. 1939 2966: 2960: 2954: 2948: 2947:Apr. 1939 2942: 2941:Mar. 1939 2936: 2930: 2924: 2923:Mar. 1939 2918: 2917:Mar. 1939 2912: 2911:Mar. 1939 2906: 2905:Mar. 1939 2900: 2899:Nov. 1938 2894: 2893:Sep. 1938 2888: 2887:Sep. 1938 2882: 2881:Aug. 1938 2879:Bled Agreement 2876: 2870: 2864: 2863:Mar. 1938 2858: 2857:Mar. 1938 2852: 2842: 2836: 2833:Xi'an Incident 2830: 2824: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2788: 2783: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2735: 2729: 2726:Battle of Rehe 2723: 2717: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2692: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2679: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2648: 2640: 2634: 2631:Corfu incident 2628: 2622: 2616: 2610: 2603: 2599: 2598: 2597: 2594: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2583: 2577: 2571: 2564: 2560: 2559: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2435:Main article: 2432: 2429: 2371:Battle of Kock 2355:Eastern Poland 2340:Saar Offensive 2332:United Kingdom 2190: 2189: 2187: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2144:Baltic Nations 2135: 2134: 2133: 2132: 2122: 2117: 2116: 2115: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2089: 2088: 2072: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2060: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2019: 2003: 2002: 1997: 1996: 1995: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1964: 1963: 1953: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1927: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1910: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1893: 1892: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1871: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1844: 1839: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1814: 1813: 1806: 1799: 1791: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1719: 1718: 1711: 1704: 1696: 1687: 1686: 1684: 1683: 1676: 1669: 1662: 1653: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1614:Southern Front 1611: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1532:Northern Front 1529: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1470:4–10 September 1467: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1397:Tuchola Forest 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1318: 1317: 1310: 1303: 1295: 1287: 1286: 1284: 1283: 1277: 1271: 1265: 1259: 1251: 1250: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1238: 1232: 1225: 1219: 1213: 1207: 1201: 1195: 1189: 1183: 1178: 1172: 1166: 1160: 1154: 1153:30,300 wounded 1148: 1142: 1135: 1134: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1119: 1118: 1116: 1115: 1109: 1100: 1094: 1088: 1082: 1074: 1073: 1066: 1064: 1062: 1061: 1060:3,300 aircraft 1055: 1049: 1043: 1037: 1031: 1025: 1019: 1014: 1013:2,315 aircraft 1008: 1002: 996: 990: 984: 977: 976: 969: 966: 965: 961: 960: 958: 957: 943: 931: 919: 907: 895: 883: 871: 859: 844:Polish armies: 843: 842: 841: 839: 837: 836: 835: 834: 829: 824: 819: 800: 799: 798: 793: 788: 786:Dzerzhinsk CMG 783: 778: 758: 747: 746: 741: 736: 715: 714: 713: 708: 683: 682: 681: 678: 677: 676:Units involved 673: 672: 670: 669: 657: 645: 633: 631:Juliusz Rómmel 621: 609: 597: 583: 569: 549: 548: 547: 545: 543: 542: 530: 528:Filipp Golikov 518: 506: 504:Vasily Chuikov 494: 492:Ivan Zakharkin 482: 470: 451: 439: 423: 408: 396: 384: 372: 360: 348: 336: 322: 319:Fedor von Bock 302: 301: 300: 297: 296: 292: 291: 274: 228: 227: 221: 220: 217: 216: 215: 209:Vilnius region 206: 198: 192: 182: 176: 175: 174: 173: 166:United Kingdom 162: 149: 145: 144: 126: 124: 120: 119: 115:6 October 1939 107: 99: 98: 85:attacking the 66: 65: 58: 57: 51: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14230: 14219: 14216: 14214: 14211: 14209: 14206: 14204: 14201: 14199: 14196: 14194: 14191: 14189: 14186: 14185: 14183: 14168: 14167: 14163: 14162: 14159: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14147: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14135:Eastern Front 14133: 14131: 14128: 14127: 14125: 14121: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14108: 14104: 14102: 14099: 14097: 14094: 14092: 14091: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14060: 14058: 14054: 14048: 14045: 14043: 14040: 14038: 14035: 14033: 14030: 14029: 14027: 14023: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13995: 13992: 13991: 13990: 13987: 13985: 13982: 13981: 13979: 13975: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13958: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13948: 13946: 13942: 13938: 13931: 13926: 13924: 13919: 13917: 13912: 13911: 13908: 13894: 13891: 13890: 13889: 13886: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13874: 13873: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13858: 13856: 13854: 13850: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13835: 13833: 13831: 13827: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13809:Lwów uprising 13807: 13805: 13802: 13801: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13791: 13788: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13774: 13772: 13769: 13768: 13766: 13764: 13760: 13753: 13752:contributions 13749: 13745: 13741: 13739: 13736: 13732: 13731:Eastern Front 13729: 13728: 13727: 13724: 13723: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13711: 13705: 13702: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13679: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13654: 13652: 13650: 13646: 13638: 13637:Eastern Front 13634: 13631: 13630: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13607: 13604: 13603: 13602: 13599: 13595: 13592: 13591: 13590: 13587: 13583: 13580: 13579: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13559: 13557: 13555: 13551: 13541: 13538: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13514: 13511: 13510: 13509: 13506: 13503: 13501: 13498: 13496: 13493: 13489: 13486: 13485: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13468: 13467: 13464: 13454: 13451: 13450: 13449: 13446: 13445: 13444: 13441: 13437: 13434: 13433: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13422: 13419: 13415: 13412: 13411: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13401: 13399: 13397: 13393: 13385: 13382: 13381: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13368: 13365: 13364: 13363: 13360: 13358: 13355: 13353: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13339: 13335: 13332: 13331: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13318: 13315: 13314: 13313: 13310: 13309: 13306: 13300: 13297: 13293: 13290: 13289: 13288: 13285: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13264: 13261: 13260: 13259: 13256: 13255: 13254: 13251: 13247: 13244: 13243: 13242: 13239: 13237: 13234: 13230: 13227: 13226: 13225: 13222: 13221: 13219: 13217: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13204: 13193: 13191: 13188: 13184: 13181: 13180: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13167: 13164: 13163: 13162: 13159: 13157: 13154: 13152: 13149: 13147: 13144: 13143: 13140: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13102: 13099: 13098: 13097: 13094: 13090: 13087: 13086: 13085: 13082: 13080: 13077: 13076: 13074: 13072: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13059: 13047: 13044: 13043: 13042: 13039: 13037: 13034: 13032: 13029: 13028: 13026: 13022: 13016: 13013: 13010: 13007: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12965: 12962: 12959: 12957: 12953: 12945: 12941: 12940: 12939: 12933: 12929: 12928: 12924: 12920: 12919: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12877: 12875: 12871: 12867: 12860: 12855: 12853: 12848: 12846: 12841: 12840: 12837: 12824: 12820: 12817: 12813: 12810: 12809: 12804: 12797: 12796: 12793: 12780: 12776: 12773: 12769: 12766: 12762: 12761: 12759: 12755: 12750: 12746: 12745: 12743: 12742:Kuril Islands 12739: 12736: 12732: 12727: 12723: 12722: 12720: 12716: 12713: 12709: 12706: 12702: 12699: 12695: 12692: 12688: 12683: 12679: 12678: 12676: 12672: 12669: 12665: 12662: 12658: 12655: 12651: 12648: 12644: 12641: 12637: 12634: 12630: 12627: 12623: 12620: 12616: 12613: 12609: 12606: 12602: 12599: 12595: 12592: 12588: 12585: 12581: 12578: 12574: 12573: 12571: 12569: 12565: 12558: 12554: 12549: 12548: 12543: 12542: 12540: 12536: 12533: 12529: 12524: 12520: 12519: 12517: 12513: 12510: 12509:Syrmian Front 12506: 12503: 12499: 12496: 12492: 12489: 12485: 12482: 12481: 12476: 12473: 12472: 12467: 12464: 12460: 12457: 12456: 12455:Market Garden 12451: 12448: 12444: 12441: 12437: 12434: 12430: 12427: 12426: 12421: 12418: 12414: 12411: 12407: 12404: 12400: 12397: 12393: 12390: 12386: 12383: 12379: 12376: 12375: 12370: 12367: 12363: 12360: 12359: 12354: 12351: 12350: 12345: 12342: 12341: 12336: 12333: 12329: 12326: 12322: 12319: 12315: 12314:Monte Cassino 12311: 12308: 12307: 12302: 12301: 12299: 12297: 12293: 12286: 12282: 12277: 12273: 12270: 12266: 12265: 12263: 12259: 12256: 12252: 12249: 12245: 12242: 12238: 12235: 12231: 12226: 12222: 12221: 12219: 12215: 12212: 12208: 12205: 12204: 12199: 12196: 12192: 12189: 12185: 12182: 12178: 12175: 12171: 12168: 12164: 12161: 12157: 12154: 12150: 12147: 12143: 12142: 12140: 12138: 12134: 12127: 12123: 12120: 12119: 12114: 12111: 12107: 12104: 12100: 12097: 12096: 12091: 12088: 12084: 12081: 12077: 12074: 12070: 12067: 12063: 12060: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12045: 12042: 12038: 12037: 12035: 12031: 12028: 12024: 12021: 12017: 12014: 12010: 12007: 12003: 12000: 11996: 11993: 11989: 11986: 11982: 11979: 11975: 11972: 11968: 11965: 11961: 11960: 11958: 11956: 11952: 11945: 11941: 11938: 11934: 11931: 11927: 11924: 11920: 11917: 11913: 11910: 11906: 11903: 11899: 11896: 11892: 11889: 11885: 11882: 11878: 11875: 11871: 11868: 11864: 11861: 11857: 11854: 11850: 11847: 11843: 11840: 11836: 11833: 11829: 11826: 11822: 11819: 11815: 11811: 11810: 11805: 11801: 11796: 11792: 11791: 11789: 11785: 11782: 11778: 11775: 11771: 11768: 11764: 11761: 11757: 11752: 11748: 11747: 11745: 11741: 11738: 11734: 11731: 11727: 11724: 11720: 11719: 11717: 11715: 11711: 11704: 11703: 11698: 11695: 11691: 11688: 11684: 11681: 11677: 11674: 11673:Baltic states 11670: 11667: 11663: 11660: 11656: 11653: 11649: 11646: 11642: 11639: 11635: 11632: 11628: 11625: 11621: 11618: 11614: 11611: 11607: 11604: 11600: 11597: 11593: 11590: 11586: 11583: 11579: 11576: 11572: 11571: 11569: 11567: 11563: 11556: 11552: 11549: 11545: 11542: 11538: 11535: 11531: 11528: 11524: 11521: 11517: 11514: 11510: 11509: 11507: 11505: 11501: 11492: 11488: 11485: 11481: 11478: 11474: 11471: 11467: 11464: 11460: 11459: 11457: 11453: 11448: 11444: 11441: 11437: 11436: 11434: 11430: 11425: 11421: 11420: 11418: 11414: 11413: 11411: 11409: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11396: 11385: 11381: 11378: 11374: 11369: 11365: 11362: 11358: 11357: 11353: 11348: 11344: 11343: 11341: 11337: 11334: 11330: 11325: 11321: 11318: 11317:United States 11314: 11309: 11305: 11304: 11302: 11298: 11297: 11293: 11290: 11286: 11285: 11283: 11281: 11277: 11270: 11266: 11261: 11257: 11254: 11253:Quốc dân Đảng 11250: 11249: 11245: 11242: 11238: 11235: 11231: 11228: 11224: 11221: 11217: 11214: 11210: 11207: 11203: 11200: 11196: 11193: 11189: 11186: 11182: 11179: 11175: 11172: 11168: 11165: 11161: 11158: 11154: 11151: 11147: 11142: 11138: 11135: 11131: 11130: 11128: 11124: 11121: 11117: 11114: 11110: 11107: 11103: 11100: 11096: 11093: 11089: 11086: 11082: 11079: 11075: 11072: 11068: 11065: 11061: 11058: 11054: 11051: 11047: 11044: 11040: 11037: 11033: 11030: 11026: 11023: 11019: 11016: 11012: 11011: 11009: 11007: 11003: 10996: 10992: 10989: 10985: 10982: 10978: 10975: 10971: 10968: 10964: 10961: 10957: 10954: 10953:Liechtenstein 10950: 10947: 10943: 10940: 10936: 10933: 10929: 10926: 10922: 10921: 10919: 10917: 10913: 10906: 10905:Collaboration 10902: 10899: 10895: 10892: 10888: 10885: 10881: 10877: 10873: 10870: 10866: 10863: 10859: 10856: 10852: 10847: 10843: 10842: 10839: 10835: 10832: 10828: 10825: 10821: 10818: 10814: 10811: 10807: 10804: 10800: 10796: 10792: 10789: 10785: 10782: 10778: 10774: 10770: 10767: 10763: 10762: 10760: 10758: 10754: 10747: 10743: 10738: 10734: 10733: 10731: 10730:United States 10727: 10722: 10718: 10717: 10715: 10711: 10708: 10704: 10701: 10697: 10694: 10690: 10687: 10683: 10680: 10676: 10672: 10668: 10664: 10661: 10657: 10654: 10650: 10647: 10643: 10640: 10636: 10633: 10629: 10626: 10622: 10619: 10615: 10612: 10608: 10604: 10600: 10596: 10593: 10589: 10586: 10582: 10579: 10575: 10572: 10568: 10564: 10560: 10556: 10552: 10548: 10545: 10541: 10538: 10534: 10531: 10527: 10524: 10520: 10517: 10513: 10510: 10506: 10502: 10498: 10494: 10491: 10487: 10484: 10480: 10477: 10473: 10470: 10466: 10465: 10463: 10461: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10448: 10435: 10431: 10428: 10424: 10421: 10420:Comfort women 10417: 10414: 10410: 10407: 10404: / 10403: 10399: 10396: 10393: / 10392: 10389: / 10388: 10384: 10381: 10380:Camp brothels 10377: 10374: 10370: 10369: 10365: 10362: 10358: 10353: 10349: 10346: 10342: 10341: 10339: 10335: 10330: 10326: 10323: 10319: 10316: 10312: 10311: 10309: 10305: 10302: 10298: 10293: 10289: 10284: 10280: 10277: 10273: 10272: 10270: 10269:The Holocaust 10266: 10263: 10259: 10256: 10255:forced labour 10252: 10251: 10249: 10245: 10240: 10236: 10233: 10229: 10226: 10222: 10221: 10219: 10215: 10214: 10212: 10210: 10206: 10199: 10195: 10192: 10188: 10185: 10181: 10176: 10172: 10169: 10165: 10162: 10158: 10155: 10151: 10150: 10148: 10144: 10141: 10140: 10135: 10132: 10131: 10126: 10123: 10119: 10116: 10112: 10109: 10108:Marshall Plan 10105: 10102: 10101: 10096: 10093: 10089: 10086: 10082: 10079: 10075: 10072: 10068: 10065: 10061: 10058: 10054: 10051: 10047: 10044: 10040: 10039: 10037: 10035: 10031: 10024: 10020: 10015: 10011: 10010: 10008: 10004: 10001: 9997: 9992: 9988: 9985: 9981: 9978: 9974: 9973: 9971: 9967: 9962: 9961:Eastern Front 9958: 9955: 9954:Western Front 9951: 9950: 9948: 9944: 9939: 9935: 9932: 9928: 9925: 9921: 9918: 9914: 9911: 9907: 9904: 9900: 9899: 9897: 9893: 9892: 9890: 9888: 9884: 9877: 9873: 9870: 9866: 9863: 9859: 9856: 9852: 9849: 9848:Puppet states 9845: 9842: 9838: 9835: 9831: 9826: 9822: 9819: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9808: 9805: 9801: 9798: 9794: 9791: 9790:Naval history 9787: 9784: 9780: 9777: 9773: 9770: 9766: 9761: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9750: 9747: 9743: 9738: 9737:United States 9734: 9731: 9727: 9724: 9720: 9719: 9717: 9713: 9710: 9706: 9703: 9699: 9696: 9692: 9689: 9685: 9682: 9678: 9675: 9671: 9666: 9662: 9661: 9659: 9655: 9654: 9652: 9650: 9646: 9643: 9639: 9632: 9628: 9625: 9621: 9616: 9612: 9609: 9605: 9602: 9598: 9597: 9593: 9588: 9584: 9583: 9581: 9577: 9574: 9570: 9569: 9566: 9562: 9555: 9550: 9548: 9543: 9541: 9536: 9535: 9532: 9525: 9524: 9520: 9517: 9516: 9512: 9510: 9506: 9502: 9498: 9494: 9490: 9487: 9486: 9485: 9484: 9477: 9473: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9461: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9449: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9415: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9403: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9390: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9377: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9364: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9342: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9330: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9318: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9306: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9294: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9282: 9279: 9276: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9264: 9260: 9257: 9254: 9250: 9246: 9243: 9240: 9239: 9229: 9223: 9219: 9215: 9211: 9207: 9203: 9197: 9193: 9189: 9188:Gross, Jan T. 9185: 9181: 9175: 9171: 9167: 9162: 9161: 9141: 9137: 9136: 9131: 9127: 9123: 9117: 9113: 9108: 9104: 9098: 9094: 9089: 9085: 9079: 9075: 9074: 9069: 9065: 9061: 9055: 9051: 9050: 9044: 9040: 9034: 9026: 9021: 9017: 9011: 9007: 9003: 8999: 8995: 8989: 8984: 8983: 8977: 8973: 8969: 8963: 8959: 8958: 8953: 8949: 8945: 8939: 8935: 8931: 8927: 8915: 8911: 8907: 8905: 8904:online review 8901: 8897: 8893: 8887: 8883: 8878: 8874: 8868: 8864: 8860: 8856: 8845: 8839: 8835: 8831: 8830: 8825: 8824:Kushner, Tony 8821: 8817: 8811: 8807: 8802: 8798: 8792: 8788: 8783: 8779: 8773: 8768: 8767: 8760: 8756: 8750: 8746: 8742: 8737: 8733: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8714: 8710: 8704: 8700: 8695: 8683: 8679: 8675: 8672: 8668: 8664: 8658: 8654: 8653: 8647: 8643: 8637: 8633: 8629: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8611: 8607: 8603: 8598: 8594: 8588: 8584: 8579: 8575: 8569: 8565: 8561: 8557: 8553: 8551:0-449-90820-8 8547: 8543: 8538: 8526: 8522: 8521: 8516: 8515:"Most honoru" 8512: 8508: 8496: 8495: 8490: 8486: 8482: 8481: 8467: 8461: 8454: 8448: 8441: 8435: 8428: 8423: 8416: 8411: 8404: 8398: 8390: 8384: 8380: 8379: 8371: 8364: 8363: 8356: 8350: 8346: 8342: 8338: 8332: 8326: 8322: 8318: 8312: 8304: 8298: 8294: 8293: 8285: 8270:. Panzerworld 8269: 8267: 8260: 8252: 8246: 8238: 8226: 8218: 8216:9781543059250 8212: 8208: 8207: 8200: 8192: 8186: 8178: 8171: 8155: 8151: 8145: 8138: 8134: 8130: 8124: 8118: 8114: 8108: 8101: 8097: 8094: 8088: 8081: 8077: 8074: 8070: 8066: 8062: 8059: 8053: 8037: 8033: 8027: 8025: 8016: 8010: 8006: 8005: 7997: 7982: 7976: 7972: 7971: 7963: 7954: 7952: 7943: 7939: 7932: 7916: 7912: 7906: 7902: 7901: 7893: 7874: 7870: 7862: 7855: 7849:, 2011, p. 62 7848: 7842: 7840: 7832: 7826: 7811: 7805: 7801: 7800: 7792: 7785: 7781: 7777: 7773: 7767: 7759: 7758: 7750: 7744: 7740: 7734: 7732: 7730: 7728: 7726: 7718: 7713: 7706: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7687: 7680: 7675: 7667: 7660: 7652: 7646: 7630: 7626: 7619: 7612: 7607: 7601:, p. 45. 7600: 7599:Butler (2001) 7595: 7588: 7585: 7580: 7573: 7568: 7559: 7550: 7543: 7538: 7531: 7527: 7523: 7522: 7515: 7508: 7503: 7496: 7491: 7484: 7478: 7476: 7468: 7464: 7460: 7455: 7448: 7444: 7436: 7429: 7425: 7422: 7413: 7406: 7401: 7393: 7387: 7383: 7382: 7377: 7371: 7362: 7355: 7351: 7346: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7309: 7301: 7292: 7283: 7281: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7259: 7250: 7248: 7246: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7211: 7203: 7196: 7188: 7184: 7178: 7170: 7169: 7168:Inside Europe 7164: 7163:Gunther, John 7158: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7142: 7140: 7131: 7125: 7121: 7120: 7112: 7104: 7098: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7080: 7078: 7070: 7064: 7062: 7060: 7058: 7050: 7045: 7037: 7031: 7023: 7019: 7012: 6996: 6992: 6991: 6983: 6975: 6968: 6962:, p. 68. 6961: 6956: 6948: 6942: 6938: 6937: 6929: 6921: 6915: 6911: 6910: 6902: 6886: 6879: 6877: 6867: 6860: 6855: 6853: 6844: 6838: 6823: 6819: 6812: 6804: 6798: 6790: 6783: 6774: 6765: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6738: 6731: 6727: 6723: 6718: 6710: 6703: 6696: 6691: 6684: 6679: 6672: 6667: 6660: 6655: 6648: 6643: 6641: 6631: 6622: 6613: 6607: 6601: 6599: 6589: 6582: 6577: 6571:, p. 91. 6570: 6565: 6559:, p. 88. 6558: 6553: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6525:Roger Manvell 6521: 6514: 6508: 6499: 6492: 6487: 6480: 6475: 6468: 6463: 6456: 6451: 6445:, 2011, p. 26 6444: 6438: 6436: 6428: 6423: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6389: 6381: 6375: 6359: 6353: 6351: 6334: 6330: 6324: 6315: 6306: 6297: 6282: 6278: 6272: 6263: 6257: 6253: 6252: 6244: 6235: 6222: 6211: 6202: 6193: 6184: 6178: 6174: 6173: 6165: 6163: 6154: 6148: 6144: 6143: 6135: 6133: 6124: 6118: 6114: 6113: 6105: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6078: 6070: 6066: 6060: 6053: 6048: 6033: 6027: 6023: 6022: 6014: 6012: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5991: 5984: 5976: 5972: 5965: 5957: 5951: 5947: 5940: 5933: 5928: 5926: 5919:(2000) p. 146 5918: 5912: 5905: 5894: 5890: 5884: 5877: 5871: 5863: 5857: 5853: 5846: 5844: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5815: 5813: 5803: 5797: 5791: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5754: 5738: 5734: 5728: 5726: 5718: 5713: 5711: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5684: 5677: 5672: 5663: 5656: 5653: 5649: 5646: 5640: 5638: 5633: 5616: 5609: 5605: 5599: 5589: 5582: 5581: 5575: 5574: 5565: 5555: 5545: 5538: 5531: 5527: 5519: 5515: 5510: 5504: 5500: 5495: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5459: 5453: 5449: 5444: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5409: 5400: 5398: 5388: 5382: 5376: 5370: 5364: 5360: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5260: 5254: 5252: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5230: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5215: 5209: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5193: 5191: 5190: 5185: 5174: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5156: 5153:First use of 5150: 5148: 5144: 5143: 5142:Armia Krajowa 5137: 5135: 5131: 5122: 5118: 5109: 5107: 5103: 5098: 5094: 5084: 5080: 5075: 5073: 5069: 5068:Steven Zaloga 5064: 5062: 5058: 5053: 5050: 5046: 5040: 5032: 5028: 5023: 5009: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4986: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4971: 4961: 4953: 4949: 4947: 4943: 4942: 4937: 4933: 4932:Sovietization 4929: 4925: 4921: 4916: 4914: 4913: 4908: 4907: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4889: 4885: 4884: 4879: 4873: 4867: 4864: 4858: 4851: 4847: 4845: 4841: 4835: 4833: 4829: 4823: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4799: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4780: 4775: 4771: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4752:Brest-Litovsk 4744: 4740: 4738: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4665: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4640: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4617: 4613: 4611: 4607: 4606: 4599: 4597: 4596: 4591: 4587: 4582: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4535: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4520: 4519:(subhumans). 4518: 4517: 4516:Untermenschen 4512: 4508: 4502: 4492: 4490: 4486: 4485: 4480: 4476: 4475:Hel Peninsula 4472: 4468: 4462: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4404: 4399: 4395: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4382:like General 4381: 4377: 4373: 4372: 4366: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4345: 4341: 4335: 4333: 4329: 4328:Joseph Stalin 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4284: 4281: 4277: 4272: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4221: 4218: 4213: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4198: 4194: 4185: 4181: 4179: 4174: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4150: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4114: 4110: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4082: 4080: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4041: 4032: 4029: 4024: 4022: 4018: 4017: 4012: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3992: 3988: 3983: 3979: 3977: 3971: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3920: 3911: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3889: 3888: 3883: 3880: 3876: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3823:and from the 3822: 3818: 3814: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3804: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3776:of the enemy 3775: 3771: 3770: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3728: 3714: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3679: 3677: 3674:tanks and 38 3673: 3669: 3665: 3663: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3642: 3637: 3633: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3617:Fairey Battle 3614: 3609: 3606: 3601: 3597: 3596: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3574: 3569: 3565: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3537: 3533: 3531: 3527: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3507: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3472: 3467: 3463: 3453: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3430: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3389: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3375: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3361: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3347: 3340: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3311: 3309: 3305: 3304:Upper Silesia 3301: 3297: 3293: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3266: 3262: 3257: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3228: 3224: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3193: 3190: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3171: 3165: 3163: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3133: 3131: 3126: 3122: 3112: 3111:for Germany. 3110: 3109: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3018:Defensive War 3007: 3002: 3000: 2995: 2993: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2984: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2959:May 1939 2958: 2957:Pact of Steel 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2933:Danzig Crisis 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2869:May 1938 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2693: 2685: 2684: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2625:March on Rome 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2604: 2596: 2595: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2565: 2557: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2503: 2501: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2471:rapprochement 2468: 2467:puppet states 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2438: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2409:Sovietization 2406: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2312:defense lines 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2140: 2139: 2131: 2128: 2127: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2052:Syria–Lebanon 2050: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2009: 2008: 2001: 1998: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1956:Pacific Ocean 1954: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1947: 1946: 1945: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1925:Eastern Front 1923: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1875: 1874:Western Front 1872: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1833: 1832: 1826: 1821: 1818:Campaigns of 1812: 1807: 1805: 1800: 1798: 1793: 1792: 1789: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1727: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1705: 1703: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1583:Wólka Węglowa 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1527: 1526:Wola Cyrusowa 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1471: 1465: 1464:Kępa Oksywska 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1331: 1326: 1316: 1311: 1309: 1304: 1302: 1297: 1296: 1293: 1278: 1272: 1266: 1260: 1258:66,000 killed 1254: 1253: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1242: 1233: 1226: 1224:2,383 wounded 1220: 1214: 1212: 1211:Soviet Union: 1208: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1173: 1167: 1161: 1159:3,500 missing 1155: 1149: 1147:17,269 killed 1143: 1141: 1140:Nazi Germany: 1138: 1137: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1110: 1108: 1101: 1095: 1089: 1083: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1065: 1056: 1050: 1044: 1038: 1036:33+ divisions 1032: 1030: 1029:Soviet Union: 1026: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1009: 1003: 997: 991: 985: 983: 982:Nazi Germany: 980: 979: 974: 971: 970: 968: 967: 962: 955: 944: 942: 941:Prussian Army 932: 930: 920: 918: 908: 906: 896: 894: 884: 882: 872: 870: 860: 858: 848: 847: 840: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 814: 813: 812: 801: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 773: 772: 771: 759: 757: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 731: 729: 728: 716: 712: 709: 707: 704: 703: 701: 700: 688: 687: 680: 679: 674: 668: 658: 656: 646: 644: 634: 632: 622: 620: 610: 608: 598: 595: 584: 582: 581: 570: 568: 567: 556: 555: 546: 541: 540:Ivan Tyulenev 531: 529: 519: 517: 507: 505: 495: 493: 483: 481: 471: 467: 462: 452: 450: 440: 437: 436: 424: 422: 421: 409: 407: 397: 395: 385: 383: 373: 371: 361: 359: 349: 347: 337: 335: 334: 323: 321: 320: 309: 308: 299: 298: 293: 290: 288: 275: 272: 271: 258: 246: 244: 230: 229: 226: 222: 214: 210: 207: 203: 199: 196: 193: 190: 184: 183: 178: 177: 171: 167: 163: 160: 157: 156: 155: 154: 150: 147: 146: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 122: 121: 116: 112: 108: 105: 104: 100: 96: 92: 91:Danzig Police 88: 84: 83: 78: 72: 67: 64: 59: 54: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 14164: 14144: 14106: 14089: 14062: 13994:negotiations 13742:Polish 13737: 13726:World War II 13483:Smolensk War 13224:Livonian War 13207:Commonwealth 12956:Piast Poland 12937: 12816:Bibliography 12799: 12612:Project Hula 12577:Vistula–Oder 12546: 12479: 12470: 12454: 12424: 12373: 12357: 12348: 12339: 12305: 12202: 12117: 12093: 12056: 11807: 11700: 11645:North Africa 11512: 11347:Soviet Union 11301:Soviet Union 11227:Soviet Union 10995:Vatican City 10898:Vichy France 10803:German Reich 10700:Soviet Union 10686:South Africa 10679:Sierra Leone 10632:Newfoundland 10451:Participants 10434:Marocchinate 10138: 10129: 10099: 9977:North Africa 9938:Indian Ocean 9797:Nazi plunder 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Retrieved 7798: 7791: 7783: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7766: 7757:Wojna polska 7756: 7749: 7717:Lukas (2001) 7712: 7695: 7686: 7674: 7665: 7659: 7633:. Retrieved 7628: 7618: 7606: 7594: 7586: 7579: 7572:Corum (2013) 7567: 7558: 7549: 7537: 7519: 7514: 7502: 7490: 7483:Sanford 2005 7454: 7435: 7412: 7400: 7380: 7370: 7361: 7345: 7315:(1): 57–78. 7312: 7306: 7300: 7291: 7263: 7258: 7232:. Retrieved 7221:The Observer 7220: 7210: 7201: 7195: 7186: 7177: 7167: 7118: 7111: 7088: 7068: 7044: 7021: 7011: 6999:. Retrieved 6995:the original 6989: 6982: 6973: 6967: 6955: 6935: 6928: 6908: 6901: 6891:21 September 6889:. Retrieved 6866: 6837: 6825:. Retrieved 6821: 6811: 6797: 6788: 6782: 6773: 6764: 6745: 6737: 6729: 6725: 6717: 6708: 6702: 6690: 6678: 6666: 6654: 6630: 6621: 6612: 6605: 6588: 6581:Jentz (1996) 6576: 6569:Jentz (1996) 6564: 6557:Jentz (1996) 6552: 6545:Google Books 6532: 6520: 6512: 6507: 6498: 6486: 6474: 6462: 6450: 6442: 6426: 6422: 6410:. Retrieved 6406:the original 6401: 6388: 6374: 6362:. Retrieved 6337:. Retrieved 6333:the original 6323: 6314: 6305: 6296: 6284:. Retrieved 6280: 6271: 6250: 6243: 6221:cite journal 6210: 6201: 6192: 6171: 6141: 6111: 6104: 6090:(4): 37–45. 6087: 6083: 6077: 6059: 6047: 6035:. Retrieved 6020: 5994: 5990:Most honoru. 5988: 5983: 5975:the original 5964: 5945: 5939: 5916: 5911: 5903: 5896:. Retrieved 5892: 5883: 5875: 5870: 5851: 5836:(in Russian) 5823: 5819: 5802: 5795: 5771:. Retrieved 5767:the original 5762: 5753: 5741:. Retrieved 5736: 5716: 5702:(in Russian) 5683: 5671: 5662: 5615: 5598: 5588: 5579: 5572: 5564: 5554: 5544: 5530: 5517: 5509: 5502: 5494: 5486: 5478: 5475:Polenfeldzug 5474: 5466: 5458: 5451: 5443: 5436: 5428: 5424: 5416: 5408: 5387: 5381:17 September 5375: 5363: 5250: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5231: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5212: 5210: 5196: 5195: 5187: 5183: 5176: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5160: 5154: 5140: 5138: 5134:Maginot line 5126: 5105: 5101: 5090: 5082: 5077: 5071: 5065: 5060: 5054: 5042: 5001: 4990:Julien Bryan 4987: 4968: 4967: 4958: 4939: 4917: 4910: 4904: 4881: 4877: 4875: 4870: 4860: 4856: 4844:Lord Halifax 4836: 4824: 4804: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4755: 4749: 4734: 4713:Wilhelm List 4681: 4674:Walter Heitz 4670:West Prussia 4647:John Gunther 4645: 4614: 4610:fifth column 4603: 4600: 4593: 4583: 4579: 4542: 4536: 4527: 4523: 4521: 4514: 4506: 4504: 4482: 4464: 4459: 4439:Westerplatte 4414: 4410: 4408: 4369: 4367: 4336: 4308: 4273: 4260: 4256: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4222: 4214: 4190: 4175: 4151: 4119: 4105: 4097: 4083: 4062:Westerplatte 4055: 4046: 4025: 4020: 4016:Kriegsmarine 4014: 4007: 3987:supply lines 3984: 3980: 3972: 3957: 3925: 3903: 3893: 3885: 3837:Wilhelm List 3808: 3805: 3790: 3781: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3736:Franz Halder 3733: 3680: 3661: 3646: 3610: 3599: 3594: 3587:and some 95 3578: 3548: 3544: 3538: 3534: 3508: 3503: 3477: 3449: 3441: 3428: 3418: 3405: 3396: 3386: 3383:dive bombers 3372: 3358: 3344: 3342: 3269: 3265:mobilization 3258: 3235: 3233: 3215: 3213: 3194: 3186: 3175: 3167: 3162:Obersalzberg 3159: 3139: 3134: 3121:unilaterally 3118: 3106: 3099:Lord Halifax 3058: 3054:Slovak state 3026: 3021: 3015: 2974: 2846: 2738:Tanggu Truce 2642: 2534: 2515:East Prussia 2504: 2500:client state 2487:Soviet Union 2447:Adolf Hitler 2440: 2398:Byelorussian 2375: 2348: 2336:very limited 2285: 2231:Soviet Union 2223:Nazi Germany 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2196: 2137: 2136: 2125:Indian Ocean 2086:Ecuador–Peru 2074: 2073: 2043:Middle East 2017:North Africa 2005: 2004: 1944:Asia-Pacific 1942: 1941: 1836: 1829: 1820:World War II 1678: 1671: 1664: 1657: 1640:Janów Forest 1613: 1612: 1531: 1530: 1469: 1468: 1434:Westerplatte 1428:Baltic coast 1427: 1426: 1334: 1322: 1282:327 aircraft 1246: 1229: 1218:1,475 killed 1210: 1180: 1177:246 aircraft 1171:800 vehicles 1139: 1130: 1114:800 aircraft 1081:39 divisions 1069: 1042:11+ brigades 1028: 1016: 989:66 divisions 981: 972: 809: 768: 725: 697: 578: 564: 433: 418: 394:Wilhelm List 331: 317: 276: 270:Soviet Union 260: 232: 225:Belligerents 159:World War II 151: 138:(modern-day 87:Westerplatte 81: 61:Part of the 48: 13628:World War I 12547:Bodenplatte 12433:Gothic Line 11652:West Africa 11199:Philippines 11178:Netherlands 11043:Czech lands 10981:Switzerland 10925:Afghanistan 10869:Philippines 10737:Puerto Rico 10653:Philippines 10639:New Zealand 10625:Netherlands 10578:Free France 10329:Prosecution 10130:Osoaviakhim 10000:West Africa 9984:East Africa 9631:Conferences 9509:Reel 4 of 4 9505:Reel 3 of 4 9501:Reel 2 of 4 9497:Reel 1 of 4 9430:Polish News 9146:10 December 9027:. New York. 8688:10 December 8295:. Praeger. 7691:(in Polish) 7440:(in Polish) 7418:(in Polish) 6827:30 November 6822:smartage.pl 5214:Brute Force 4996:) and much 4975:Leo Leixner 4936:labor camps 4928:deportation 4832:Pacific War 4662: [ 4559:Bolesławiec 4220:September. 4217:Armia Prusy 4002:Peking Plan 3722:German plan 3672:Renault R35 3554:PZL.38 Wilk 3500:Polish Army 3488:World War I 3280:Peking Plan 3272:Polish Navy 3084:with France 3040:regions of 3037:Český Těšín 2689: 1930s 2600: 1920s 2561: 1910s 2536:casus belli 2415:formed the 2359:Curzon Line 2108:Air Warfare 2022:East Africa 1491:Borowa Góra 1402:Częstochowa 1200:114 wounded 1087:16 brigades 1054:4,736 tanks 1024:3 divisions 1007:2,750 tanks 954:Warsaw Army 929:Poznań Army 905:Modlin Army 881:Lublin Army 869:Kraków Army 480:Ivan Boldin 464: [ 211:granted to 179:Territorial 14182:Categories 14152:Baltic Way 14101:Basis Nord 14078:Winter War 14011:Axis talks 13748:resistance 13292:The Deluge 12647:West Hunan 12480:Pointblank 11809:Silver Fox 11795:Summer War 11548:Winter War 11527:Phoney War 11308:Azerbaijan 11269:Yugoslavia 11164:Luxembourg 11006:Resistance 10746:Yugoslavia 10611:Luxembourg 10413:Sook Ching 10209:War crimes 9811:Technology 9804:Opposition 9746:Lend-Lease 9723:Australian 9716:Home front 9674:Blitzkrieg 9624:Casualties 9615:Commanders 9587:Operations 9253:Yad Vashem 8920:17 January 8849:2 November 8808:. Zenger. 8345:1841764086 8325:8300025553 8160:10 January 8042:4 November 7986:2 November 7815:2 November 7743:3486582062 7530:1413748295 7354:Telegram 2 7272:8373991697 7001:2 November 6754:078642009X 6541:1602391785 6364:11 January 6339:11 January 6037:2 November 5832:1853672807 5773:16 January 5743:17 January 5628:References 5293:Phoney War 5238:Blitzkrieg 5227:blitzkrieg 5171:Blitzkrieg 5163:Blitzkrieg 5155:Blitzkrieg 5066:Historian 5037:See also: 4994:Kodachrome 4878:Lebensraum 4717:Hans Frank 4624:See also: 4507:Lebensraum 4363:Belarusian 4269:short tons 4158:Sandomierz 4028:propaganda 3947:a general 3904:Fall Weiss 3845:Carpathian 3835:. General 3809:Fall Weiss 3782:Blitzkrieg 3703:Baltic Sea 3695:Royal Navy 3687:submarines 3683:destroyers 3629:PZL.46 Sum 3621:Hurricanes 3581:PZL.37 Łoś 3460:See also: 3403:disagree. 3397:Blitzkrieg 3388:Blitzkrieg 3337:See also: 3318:See also: 3296:false flag 3261:Józef Beck 3241:Emil Hácha 3236:Fall Weiss 3152:signs the 3132:scenario. 3130:Case White 3108:Lebensraum 2867:May Crisis 2851: 1937 2835: 1936 2829: 1936 2823: 1936 2817: 1936 2799: 1936 2782: 1935 2776: 1935 2770: 1935 2764: 1935 2758: 1934 2746: 1933 2740: 1933 2734: 1933 2728: 1933 2722: 1933 2710: 1932 2698: 1931 2677: 1929 2671: 1929 2669:Young Plan 2665: 1925 2659: 1924 2657:Dawes Plan 2647: 1925 2644:Mein Kampf 2633: 1923 2627: 1922 2621: 1921 2615: 1920 2609: 1920 2576: 1919 2570: 1919 2431:Background 2380:, Germany 2229:, and the 2149:Yugoslavia 2130:Madagascar 2093:Antarctica 2064:Dodecanese 1884:Resistance 1852:Winter War 1842:Phoney War 1603:Krasnobród 1593:Krasnystaw 1449:Worek Plan 1444:Danzig Bay 1206:2 aircraft 1194:11 missing 1093:4,300 guns 1048:4,959 guns 1001:9,000 guns 995:6 brigades 975:2,000,000+ 134:, and the 14123:Aftermath 13977:Political 13096:Great War 12712:Manchuria 12598:Indochina 12374:Bagration 11818:Lithuania 11463:Anschluss 11260:Viet Minh 11157:Lithuania 11099:Hong Kong 10862:Manchukuo 10817:Azad Hind 10476:Australia 10276:Aftermath 10139:Paperclip 10034:Aftermath 9834:Total war 9702:Diplomacy 9665:In Europe 9033:cite book 8834:Routledge 8455:, pp. 3–4 8235:ignored ( 8225:cite book 8185:cite book 7463:pp. 54–56 7329:0038-5859 7229:0029-7712 7067:Seidner, 7030:cite book 6711:(3): 112. 6003:0209-1747 5993:Tygodnik 5537:tankettes 5251:Wehrmacht 5223:strategic 5184:Luftwaffe 5106:Luftwaffe 5102:Luftwaffe 4901:Auschwitz 4694:Gauleiter 4620:Aftermath 4575:Włocławek 4563:Torzeniec 4543:Wehrmacht 4528:Luftwaffe 4524:Luftwaffe 4445:garrison 4435:garrisons 4359:Ukrainian 4344:Ukrainian 4332:Lithuania 4257:Luftwaffe 4245:Luftwaffe 4241:Luftwaffe 4193:Pomerelia 4170:Bug River 4162:San River 4154:Ciechanów 4106:Luftwaffe 4098:Luftwaffe 4021:Luftwaffe 3928:Plan West 3691:North Sea 3676:Vickers E 3549:Luftwaffe 3504:Luftwaffe 3466:Plan West 3450:Luftwaffe 3419:Luftwaffe 3399:theory", 3379:air power 3374:Luftwaffe 3369:encircled 3246:ultimatum 3216:Wehrmacht 2855:Anschluss 2463:satellite 2405:republics 2402:Ukrainian 2304:Wehrmacht 2302:. As the 2273:‹See Tfd› 2000:Australia 1896:Alps 1940 1889:1944–1945 1752:Kodziowce 1387:Fraustadt 1372:Grudziądz 1188:37 killed 1165:236 tanks 1107:tankettes 1099:210 tanks 1072:1,000,000 893:Łódź Army 827:12th Army 791:10th Army 781:11th Army 744:14th Army 739:10th Army 213:Lithuania 117:(35 days) 77:Luftwaffe 14166:Category 14056:Military 14025:Economic 13871:Iraq War 12823:Category 12772:document 12682:document 12539:Ardennes 12523:Budapest 12471:Crossbow 12349:Overlord 12188:Smolensk 11399:Timeline 11234:Slovakia 11220:Thailand 11071:Ethiopia 11036:Bulgaria 10960:Portugal 10891:Thailand 10773:Bulgaria 10551:Eswatini 10544:Ethiopia 10497:Bulgaria 10322:Unit 731 10283:Response 10100:Keelhaul 10050:Cold War 10023:Americas 10014:timeline 10007:Atlantic 9887:Theaters 9472:Archived 9460:Archived 9448:Archived 9435:Archived 9414:Archived 9402:Archived 9389:Archived 9376:Archived 9363:Archived 9341:Archived 9329:Archived 9317:Archived 9305:Archived 9293:Archived 9281:Archived 9263:Archived 9245:Archived 9212:(2019). 9190:(2002). 9070:(1994). 9004:(2005). 8978:(2003). 8954:(1998). 8932:(1995). 8861:(2001). 8630:(2004). 8562:(2001). 8531:24 March 8501:24 March 8442:, p. 176 8096:Archived 8076:Archived 7915:Archived 7873:Archived 7701:Archived 7645:cite web 7424:Archived 7378:(1998). 7350:Telegram 7165:(1940). 7087:(1999). 7071:, p. 312 7020:(1948). 6789:Polityka 6709:Polityka 6286:26 April 6096:25776872 5719:, p. 851 5648:Archived 5593:reserve) 5257:See also 5157:strategy 5097:trainers 5074:(2004): 4651:Slovakia 4567:Goworowo 4423:militias 4340:Red Army 4324:Nomonhan 4178:Pervitin 4166:Przemyśl 3825:Moravian 3801:Slovakia 3764:Schützen 3585:PZL P.11 3573:PZL P.11 3526:brigades 3423:fighters 3407:Aircraft 3300:Gleiwitz 3276:flotilla 3103:hegemony 3093:and his 2849:incident 2353:invaded 2351:Red Army 2330:and the 2300:Slovakia 2296:advanced 2169:Bulgaria 2098:Atlantic 2081:Americas 2034:Adriatic 1777:Wytyczno 1762:Władypol 1680:Timeline 1645:Cześniki 1625:Jarosław 1620:Przemyśl 1598:Łomianki 1548:Kałuszyn 1496:Piotrków 1417:Bukowiec 1412:Katowice 1382:Jordanów 1367:Pszczyna 1352:Krojanty 1347:Chojnice 1249:~874,700 1237:43 tanks 964:Strength 822:6th Army 817:5th Army 796:4th Army 776:3rd Army 734:8th Army 711:4th Army 706:3rd Army 257:Slovakia 123:Location 13746:, 13744:history 13635:on the 12999:Bohemia 12749:Shumshu 12516:Hungary 12463:Estonia 12447:Lapland 12425:Dragoon 12358:Neptune 12340:Ichi-Go 12306:Tempest 12248:Changde 12203:Cottage 12095:Jubilee 11804:Finland 11702:Compass 11408:Prelude 11361:Finland 11247:Vietnam 11213:Romania 11085:Germany 11064:Estonia 11050:Denmark 11029:Belgium 11022:Austria 11015:Albania 10946:Ireland 10932:Andorra 10916:Neutral 10876:Romania 10810:Hungary 10795:Finland 10667:Romania 10559:Finland 10537:Denmark 10483:Belgium 10469:Algeria 10175:Romania 10161:Hungary 9917:Pacific 9641:General 9595:Leaders 9580:Battles 9573:Outline 9255:website 9251:on the 7635:27 June 7445:Polish 7234:20 June 6547:, p. 76 6412:29 July 6071:. 2005. 5898:27 July 5657:, 2005. 5421:Russian 5242:panzers 5025:Polish 4815:Hungary 4811:neutral 4703:" and " 4584:During 4555:Złoczew 4443:Oksywie 4237:Pomorze 4202:retreat 4147:Pułtusk 4129:River, 4100:gained 4049:pretext 3964:Dniestr 3900:Vistula 3856:Prussia 3821:Silesia 3760:Panzers 3750:of the 3717:Details 3711:convoys 3678:tanks. 3639:Polish 3598:Bs, 35 3593:PZL.23 3589:PZL P.7 3571:Polish 3519:cavalry 3411:Bombers 3333:Germany 3205:Silesia 2511:exclave 2495:Belarus 2491:Ukraine 2459:Bohemia 2451:Germany 2367:Romania 2294:forces 2174:Hungary 2164:Romania 2013:Africa 1913:Balkans 1908:Britain 1862:Lapland 1857:Karelia 1847:Finland 1757:Husynne 1635:Jaworów 1506:Pułtusk 1407:Mikołów 243:Germany 181:changes 14090:Lützow 12726:Debate 12698:Taipei 12691:Borneo 12269:Tarawa 11456:Europe 11417:Africa 11206:Poland 11192:Norway 11171:Malaya 11150:Latvia 11092:Greece 11078:France 10974:Sweden 10939:Bhutan 10660:Poland 10646:Norway 10618:Mexico 10585:Greece 10571:France 10509:Canada 10490:Brazil 10460:Allies 10406:Serbia 10395:Poland 10168:Poland 10154:Baltic 9947:Europe 9649:Topics 9601:Allied 9224: 9198: 9176: 9118: 9099: 9080: 9056: 9012: 8990: 8964: 8940: 8888: 8869: 8840: 8812: 8793: 8774: 8751: 8728: 8705: 8659: 8638: 8589: 8570: 8548: 8520:Wprost 8494:Wprost 8468:, p. 4 8385: 8343: 8323: 8299: 8213: 8115: 8067: 8011: 7977: 7921:2 June 7907: 7882:1 June 7806: 7741: 7528: 7467:p. 199 7388: 7337:152247 7335: 7327: 7270: 7227: 7126: 7099: 7016:Count 6943: 6916: 6752: 6539: 6360:. Yale 6258: 6179: 6149: 6119: 6094: 6028: 6001: 5995:Wprost 5952: 5858: 5830: 5573:Wicher 5514:Polish 5499:Polish 5483:Polish 5471:German 5463:Polish 5448:Polish 5433:Slovak 5413:German 5219:panzer 5180: 5104:. The 5033:, 1938 4941:Gulags 4819:Latvia 4791:, and 4756:Panzer 4705:Krakau 4690:Danzig 4668:, and 4632:, and 4551:Błonie 4449:; the 4415:Lublin 4411:Kraków 4386:. The 4353:, the 4347:fronts 4283:area. 4280:Lublin 4249:Stukas 4233:Poznań 4206:Poznań 4143:Płońsk 4139:Kielce 4096:. The 4072:. 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