Political abuse of psychiatry

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afterwards. Another priest, Father Ioan Bohoc, was similarly sentenced, and his mind genuinely gave way while he was shut up in the mental hospital. A Christian nun, Lidia Ababei, was also incarcerated in such a place, but released after a campaign of protest outside Romania, including a BBC programme which mentioned her case. Others, including Miss Genoveva Sfatcu, who is the conductor of the children's choir of the Baptist Church in Iasi, have been threatened with detention in mental hospitals. And harassment of those who wish to follow and teach Christianity is unrelenting; an Orthodox community called the Lord's Army, for instance, of an evangelical persuasion, remains altogether illegal, and its leaders, clerical and lay, are under continuous police surveillance. (One of them, Trajan Dors, was imprisoned for 17 years; released from prison in 1964, he has been confined to his village ever since; although now old and ill, he was not allowed to accept an invitation to go to Germany for treatment. His home is regularly raided and his writings--he produces hymns, poetry and Biblical commentaries--as regularly stolen.)

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psychiatrists. The delegation originally sought interviews with 48 persons, but saw only 15 hospitalized and 12 discharged patients. About half of the hospitalized patients were released in the two months between the submission of the initial list of names to the Soviet authorities and the departure from the Soviet Union of the US delegation. The delegation concluded that nine of the 15 hospitalized patients had disorders which would be classified in the United States as serious psychoses, diagnoses corresponding broadly with those used by the Soviet psychiatrists. One of the hospitalized patients had been diagnosed as having

704:. Along with many other reforms, the law prevented the mentally ill from being charged with any sort of crime in Japanese courts. Anyone who was found to be mentally unstable by a qualified psychiatrist was required to be hospitalized rather than incarcerated, regardless of the severity of any crime that person may have committed. The Ministry of Justice tried several times to amend the law, but was met with opposition from those who believed the legal system should not interfere with medical science. After almost four decades, the Mental Health Act 680:

the Imperial Japanese government, citizens were expected to contribute in one way or another to the war effort, and the mentally ill were unable to do so, and as such were looked down upon and abused. The main cause of death for these patients was starvation, as caretakers did not supply the patients with adequate food, likely as a form of torture and a method of sedation. Because mentally ill patients were kept secluded from the outside world, the large number of deaths went unnoticed by the general public. After the end of Allied occupation, the

918:(NCPO, the Thai military junta) alleged its opponents, including a protesting schoolchild, Nattanan Warintawaret, were mentally disturbed. In addition, the military junta introduced a systematic process of 'attitude adjustment', whereby hundreds of dissidents were subjected to forcible detention and propaganda until they reformed their views of the junta; the majority did not and were subsequently charged with crimes. While psychiatrists were not employed, a team of psychologists was involved, implying 482:. The issue of Chinese political abuse of psychiatry had been placed as one of the final items on the agenda of the General Assembly. When the issue was broached during the General Assembly, the exact nature of compromise came to light. In order to investigate the political abuse of psychiatry, the WPA would send an investigative mission to China. The visit was projected for the spring of 2003 in order to assure that one could present a report during the annual meeting of the British 5965: 553:. The reported application of ECT in the forensic wards seems, at least in many of the cited cases, not to be an adequate clinical treatment for the diagnosed state of the prisoner—in some cases the prisoners seem not to have been diagnosed at all. Conditions in the forensic wards have been described in repulsive terms and apparently are in striking contrast to the other parts of the mental hospitals that are said to be well-kept and modern. 934:, a serious crime in Thailand. Tiwagorn is quoted as saying, "I well understand that it is political to have to make people think I'm insane. I won't hold it against the officials if there is a diagnosis that I'm insane, because I take it that they have to follow orders." Subsequent to protests by civil rights groups and media stories, Tiwagorn was released by Rajanagarindra Psychiatric Hospital, on July 22, 2020. 1186:" – There are many instances of usage of California law section 5150, which allows for involuntary psychiatric hold based on the opinion of a law enforcement official, psychological professional (or many other individuals who hold no qualification for making psychological assessment), which have been challenged as being unrelated to safety, and misused as an extension of political power. 244:. The power to diagnose mental illness allows the state to detain individuals against their will and administer unnecessary treatments under the guise of serving both individual and societal interests. This can be exploited to circumvent standard legal procedures for determining guilt or innocence, effectively incarcerating political dissidents while avoiding public scrutiny. 541:. In 1977, a report on alleged abuse of psychiatry in Cuba presenting cases of ill-treatment in mental hospitals going back to the 1970s came out in the United States. It presents grave allegations that prisoners end up in the forensic ward of mental hospitals in Santiago de Cuba and Havana where they undergo ill-treatment including 864:

Returning home after a visit of more than two weeks, the delegation members wrote a report which was highly damaging to the Soviet authorities. The delegation established that there had been systematic political abuse of psychiatry in the past and that it had not yet come to an end. Victims continued

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although the US team saw no evidence of mental disorder. Among the 12 discharged patients examined, the US delegation found that nine had no evidence of any current or past mental disorder; the remaining three had comparatively slight symptoms which would not usually warrant involuntary commitment in

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Yu Xin. As Liu's database suggests, today's most frequent victims of psychiatric abuse are political dissidents, petitioners, and Falun Gong members. In the beginning of the 2000s, Human Rights Watch accused China of locking up Falun Gong members and dissidents in a number of Chinese mental hospitals

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Despite international criticism, China seems to be continuing its political abuse of psychiatry. Political abuse of psychiatry in China is high on the agenda and it has produced recurring disputes in the international psychiatric community. The abuses there appear to be even more widespread than they

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who was writing his dissertation in London after a long sojourn in China, had traveled to China several times to survey libraries in provincial towns and while he was there, he had gathered a large amount of literature which bore the stamp 'secret' but at the same time, it was openly available. This

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Psychiatrists have been implicated in human rights abuses worldwide, particularly in states where diagnostic criteria for mental illness are expanded to include political disobedience. Scholars have long observed that government and medical institutions tend to label threats to authority as mentally

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was fit to be president and published "The Unconscious of a Conservative: A Special Issue on the Mind of Barry Goldwater." This led to the adoption of an ethical rule against diagnosis of public figures by a clinician who has not performed an examination or been authorized to release information by

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Japanese psychiatric hospitals during the country's imperial era reported an abnormally large number of patient deaths, peaking in 1945 after the surrender of Japan to Allied forces. The patients of these institutions were mistreated mainly because they were considered a hindrance to society. Under

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The practice of incarcerating religious and political dissidents in psychiatric hospitals in the Eastern Bloc and the former USSR severely damaged the credibility of psychiatric practice in these states and drew strong condemnation from the international community. Similar abuses have been reported

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Emigration Waiver to the Socialist Republic of Romania and the Hungarian People's Republic and Nondiscriminatory Treatment of the Products of Romania: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Trade of the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, Ninety-fifth Congress, Second Session - June

457:

In accordance with Chinese law which contains the concept of "political harm to society" and the similar phrase dangerous mentally ill behavior, police take "political maniacs into mental hospitals, those who are defined as persons who write reactionary letters, make anti-government speeches, or

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issued an 85-page report on forced hospitalization in psychiatric hospitals between 2015 and 2021. Based on information from 144 cases, the report identifies 109 hospitals from 21 provinces in China, and documents repeated hospitalization of up to more than five times for victims. Some have spent

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in May of the same year. After the 2002 World Congress, the WPA Executive Committee's half-hearted attitude in Yokohama came to light: it was an omen of a longstanding policy of diversion and postponement. The 2003 investigative mission never took place, and when finally a visit to China did take

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and it concerned articles and reports on the number of people who were taken to mental hospitals because they complained about a series of issues. It was found, according to Munro, that the involuntary confinement of religious groups, political dissidents, and whistleblowers had a long history in

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The WPA attempted to confine the problem by presenting it as Falung Gong issue and, at the same time, make the impression that the members of the movement were likely not mentally sound, that it was a sect which likely brainwashed its members, etc. There was even a diagnosis of 'qigong syndrome'

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The political abuse of psychiatry in China only seems to take place in the institutions which are under the authority of the police and the MSS but it does not take place in those institutions which belong to other governmental sectors. Psychiatric care in China falls into four sectors which are

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in 1957 in order to help their Chinese 'brethren', the same psychiatrists who promoted the system of political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union. As a consequence, diagnostics in China were not much different than those which were made in the Soviet Union. The only difference was that the

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The documents described the massive abuses of psychiatry that were committed for political purposes during the rule of Mao Zedong, when millions of people were declared mentally sick. In the 1980s, according to official documents, fifteen percent of all forensic psychiatric cases had political

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Another particularly repulsive Soviet practice is used in Romania against Christian believers: that of incarceration in mental hospitals. Father D'mitrie Zaminiscu, who had organized "unofficial" religious groups, was thus held; he got out of the hospital-prison early in 1974, but died shortly

926:, a Facebook user who went viral after posting a picture of himself wearing a t-shirt printed with the message "I lost faith in the monarchy" was forcibly detained by police officers and admitted to Rajanagarindra Psychiatric Hospital in Khon Kaen. Tiwagorn has stated that he does not wish the 251:

The political abuse of medical power, particularly in psychiatry, has a long history, including notable examples during the Nazi era and Soviet rule, where religious and political dissenters were labeled "mentally ill" and subjected to inhumane "treatments". From the 1960s to 1986, systematic

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In August 1981, the Marxist historian Ariel Hidalgo was apprehended and accused of 'incitement against the social order, international solidarity and the Socialist State' and sentenced to eight years' imprisonment. In September 1981, he was transported from State Security Headquarters to the

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to flee captivity. In addition to inventing drapetomania, Cartwright prescribed a remedy. His feeling was that with "proper medical advice, strictly followed, this troublesome practice that many Negroes have of running away can be almost entirely prevented." In the case of slaves "sulky and

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The delegation was able systematically to interview and assess present and past involuntarily admitted mental patients chosen by the visiting team, as well as to talk over procedures and methods of treatment with some of the patients, their friends, relatives and, sometimes, their treating

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was finally passed in 1987. The new law corrected the flaws of the Mental Hygiene Act by allowing the Ministry of Health and Welfare to set regulations on the treatment of mental patients in both medical and legal settings. With the new law, the mentally ill have the right to voluntary

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Western countries. According to medical records, all these patients had diagnoses of psychopathology or schizophrenia. The authorities had justified compulsory psychiatric treatment by slow and weak forms of schizophrenia – a so-called "latent schizophrenia" according to a concept of

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were in the Soviet Union in the 1970s and 1980s and they involve the incarceration of 'petitioners', human rights workers, trade union activists, members of the Falun Gong movement, and people who complain about injustices that have been committed against them by local authorities.

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China. The abuses began in the 1950s and 1960s, and they became extremely widespread throughout the Cultural Revolution. During the period of the Cultural Revolution, from 1966 to 1976, the political abuse of psychiatry reached its apogee in China, which was then under the rule of

583:. Psychiatrists were instrumental in establishing a system of identifying, notifying, transporting, and killing hundreds of thousands of "racially and cognitively compromised" persons and the mentally ill in settings that ranged from centralized mental-hospitals to jails and 814:

In 1971 detailed reports about the inmates of Soviet psychiatric hospitals who had been detained for political reasons began to reach the West. These showed that the periodic use of incarceration in psychiatric institutions during the 1960s (see the biography of

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The use of psychiatric hospitals instead of prisons also prevents the victims from receiving legal aid, makes indefinite incarceration possible, and discredits the individual and their ideas. This allows authorities to avoid open trials when deemed undesirable.

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During this period reports of continuous repression multiplied, but Soviet psychiatric officials refused to allow international bodies to see the hospitals and patients in question. They denied the charges of abuse. In February 1989, however, at the height of

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In Romania, there have been allegations of some particular cases of psychiatric abuse during over a decade. In addition to particular cases, there is evidence that mental hospitals were utilized as short-term detainment centers. For instance, before the 1982

388:'s notion of 'political dangerousness' was institutionally engrafted as the main concept in the diagnostic armory of China's psychiatry for a long time and its most important tool for suppressing opposition was the concept of psychiatric dangerousness. 418:. The sectors which belong to the police and the MSS are all closed to the public, and, consequently, information about them hardly ever leaks out. In the hospitals which belong to the Ministry of Health, psychiatrists do not have any contact with the 847:

and over the opposition of the psychiatric establishment, the Soviet government permitted a delegation of psychiatrists from the United States, representing the U.S. government, to carry out extensive interviews of suspected victims of abuse.

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among them) to psychiatrists in the West. They responded and over the next 13 years activists inside the USSR and support groups in Britain, Europe and North America conducted a sustained campaign to expose psychiatric abuses. In 1977 the

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developed a team of six members, all of them, from the Department of Social Psychiatry. The psychiatrists were sent to get a "peek into the protesters' minds" and help them learn the importance of the plant according to one news source.

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Reports on particular cases continue to come from Russia where the worsening political climate appears to create an atmosphere in which local authorities feel able, once again to use psychiatry as a means of intimidation.

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It also seems that, China had no known high security forensic institutions until 1989. However, since then, the Chinese authorities have constructed an entire network of special forensic mental hospitals which are called

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hospitalization, the ability to be charged with a crime, and right to use the insanity defense in court, and the right to pursue legal action in the event of abuse or negligence on the part of medical professionals.

458:"express opinions on important domestic and international affairs". Psychiatrists are frequently caught involved in such cases, unable and unwilling to challenge the police, according to psychiatry professor at the 865:

to be held in mental hospitals, while the Soviet authorities and the Soviet Society of Psychiatrists and Neuropathologists in particular still denied that psychiatry had been employed as a method of repression.

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Protecting and Promoting Religious Rights in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union: Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, Second Session, June 12,

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the devil out of them" as a "preventative measure". As a remedy for this disease, doctors also made running a physical impossibility by prescribing the removal of both big toes. Cartwright also proposed

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be crazy." Keeping King's whereabouts secret for 48 hours, the Mississippi authorities kept him confined to a mental hospital for twelve days before a panel of doctors established the activist's sanity.

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system where bad behavior is attributed to various mental conditions, and little care is provided besides drugs. Likewise, many experts questioned the long-term effects of high dosages on developing

599:. The taking of thousands of brains from 'euthanasia' victims demonstrated the way medical research was connected to the psychiatric killings. Germany operated six psychiatric extermination centers: 839:(WPA) condemned the USSR for this practice. Six years later, the Soviet All-Union Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists seceded from the WPA rather than face almost certain expulsion. 425:

In China, the structure of forensic psychiatry was to a great extent identical to that which existed in the Soviet Union. On its own, it is not so strange, since psychiatrists from the

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in 1950, which improved the status of the mentally ill and prohibited the domestic containment of mental patients in medical institutions. However, the Mental Hygiene Act had

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institutions, and they have no idea of what occurred there, which means they can sincerely state that they were not informed about the political abuse of psychiatry in China.

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which was used reflecting on the exercises practiced by Falung Gong. It was the unfair game aiming to avoid the political abuse of psychiatry from dominating the WPA agenda.

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published reports alluding to cases of possible unwarranted hospitalization and ill-treatment of political prisoners. These reports concerned the Gustavo Machin hospital in

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in society. This abuse involves the deliberate psychiatric diagnosis of individuals who require neither psychiatric restraint nor treatment, often for political purposes.

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place, this visit was more of scientific exchange. In the meantime, the political abuse of psychiatry persisted unabatedly, nevertheless the WPA did not seem to care.

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Adler, Nanci; Mueller, Gerard; Ayat, Mohammed (1993). "Psychiatry under tyranny: a report on the political abuse of Romanian psychiatry during the Ceausescu years".

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Sripokangkul, Siwach; Crumpton, Charles David; Draper, John (2020-05-21). "Demonization and violence as tools of institutional power: the social cage of Thailand".

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institutions of the MSS; those which belong to the police; those which fall under the authority of the Ministry of Social Affairs; those which belong to the

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who was coerced to falsify crime statistics in his department and then became a whistleblower. In 2010 he was forcibly committed to a psychiatric hospital.

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Publisher Ralph Ginzburg, defendant in a libel suit for an article on a poll of psychiatrists on Barry Goldwater that he conducted in 1964 says ...

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came to power in 1959, few considerable allegations regarding the political abuse of psychiatry in this country emerged before the late 1980s.

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to pass a resolution (15 November 1989) "On improvements in Soviet law concerning procedures for the treatment of psychiatric patients".

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connotations. In the early 1990s, the number of such cases had dropped to five percent, but with the beginning of the campaign against

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Although Cuba has been politically connected to the Soviet Union since the United States broke off relations with Cuba shortly after

4690: 4467: 273: 2525: 5988: 4851: 4705: 4411: 2476: 1008: 784: 373:, who established a very repressive and harsh regime. No deviance or opposition was tolerated, either in thought or in practice. 575:. In the 1940s, the abuse of psychiatry involved the abuse of the "duty to care" on an enormous scale: 300,000 individuals were 5430: 4915: 4710: 4271: 4132: 187: 5478: 402:

which means 'Peace and Health' in Chinese. By that time, China had 20 Ankang institutions and their staff was employed by the

335:, and not to be confused with the non-governmental organization based in Montreal, AMI-Québec Agir contre la maladie mentale. 5679: 5143: 5074: 4905: 4031: 3225: 3198: 3167: 3140: 3113: 3051: 2655: 2316: 1991: 1898: 1870: 1840: 1815: 1755: 1654: 1624: 1489: 1462: 1428: 1369: 819:) had started to become a systematic way of dealing with dissent, political or religious. In accordance with the doctrine of 516: 5727: 6013: 4875: 3656: 3427: 1515: 915: 5993: 5823: 5685: 5003: 4749: 4727: 3661: 2370: 1183: 313:

were several thousand orphaned children that were falsely certified as mentally ill by the government of the province of

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ideas. The book suggests that in part the sudden influx of such diagnoses could be traced to a change in wording in the

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was sent to a mental health facility for psychiatric evaluation after she participated in a rally in support of

893: 5927: 5625: 4996: 4755: 4743: 4061: 3595: 3518: 2212: 1053: 648: 483: 464: 5049: 2621: 446:". However, the results were the same: long hospitalizations in mental hospitals, involuntary treatments with 6018: 6008: 5945: 5921: 5709: 5508: 4553: 3691: 3483: 1137: 836: 468: 281: 5998: 5835: 5733: 5557: 4900: 4773: 3716: 3651: 3553: 1983:

On Dissidents and Madness: From the Soviet Union of Leonid Brezhnev to the "Soviet Union" of Vladimir Putin

1696: 996: 960: 651:. The government was in talks with NIMHANS representatives to chalk up a plan to dispatch psychiatrists to 620: 604: 5759: 3263: 2033: 1198:

who part ranks with their organizations have had their mental stability questioned, such as, for example,

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ill during periods of political unrest. In many countries, political prisoners are confined and abused in

5184: 4700: 4695: 4548: 4437: 4432: 4142: 3805: 3706: 3666: 3563: 3533: 3523: 1610: 5773: 911: 6003: 4942: 4264: 4194: 3976: 3966: 3885: 3711: 3364: 902:. Doedel was forgotten and presumed dead. It was not until 1980, 43 years later, that he was released. 899: 608: 504: 415: 5739: 2763: 240:

Psychiatry is uniquely vulnerable to being used for abusive purposes compared to other specialties of

5867: 5843: 5811: 5655: 5460: 5442: 5436: 5394: 5091: 5059: 4779: 4665: 4620: 3701: 3513: 2442: 1011: 823:, the USSR hospitalized individuals who were devout in their faith, such as many Baptist Christians. 616: 600: 542: 2499: 5673: 5257: 5232: 5174: 5054: 5023: 4865: 4828: 4801: 4790: 4574: 4384: 3961: 3951: 3900: 3476: 1258: 1018:

in 1958, the Mississippi police arrested him on the grounds that "any who tried to enter Ole Miss

612: 588: 576: 426: 3157: 2225: 5950: 5454: 5376: 4973: 4558: 4312: 4047: 3590: 3528: 2564: 1246: 970: 760:, over 600 dissidents were detained and kept out of public view in mental hospitals. Like in the 596: 385: 152: 3190: 2673:

22.3, 10 December 1971, "Materials for the forthcoming international Congress of Psychiatrists".

1516:"Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the Soviet Union and in China: Complexities and Controversies" 5903: 5879: 5595: 5179: 5152: 5123: 5118: 5044: 4963: 4670: 4605: 4379: 3921: 3850: 3676: 3548: 3538: 2789: 2396: 1309: 1221: 1103:, and now converted to a prison and focuses on exposing the trend of this hospital to diagnose 1068: 1067:

was engaged in illegal activities. Many of her claims were later proved correct, and the term "

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Carbó-Serviá (forensic) ward of Havana Psychiatric Hospital where he stayed for several weeks.

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In August 2002, the General Assembly was to take place during the next WPA World Congress in

69: 27: 2698: 1479: 1418: 5855: 5791: 5601: 5412: 5297: 5202: 5133: 5096: 4988: 4807: 4722: 4680: 4675: 4101: 3880: 3721: 3575: 3067: 1231: 1096: 956: 927: 234: 131: 3835: 2751: 8: 5767: 5747: 5502: 5388: 5332: 5302: 5267: 5157: 4625: 4615: 4610: 4494: 4297: 4199: 4147: 3615: 3610: 3259: 2387: 500: 495: 361: 324: 667:, was involved in a controversy where it was alleged that it provided assistance to the 5861: 5785: 5779: 5337: 5307: 5292: 5169: 4533: 4353: 4223: 4096: 4081: 3941: 3646: 3414: 2895: 2734: 2622:

United States Congress House Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade (1978).

2533: 2418: 2391: 2308: 2280: 2251: 2127: 2060: 1720: 1691: 1331: 1304: 1203: 1154: 1026: 989: 584: 344: 46: 730: 5915: 5643: 5545: 5418: 5262: 5212: 5207: 4958: 4767: 4685: 4543: 4442: 4389: 4237: 4152: 4137: 4111: 4007: 3971: 3875: 3820: 3760: 3442: 3406: 3221: 3194: 3163: 3136: 3109: 3076: 3047: 3014:"After court rejects petition to free dissident, he is released from mental hospital" 2899: 2887: 2738: 2726: 2718: 2423: 2362: 2312: 2285: 2229: 2089: 1987: 1894: 1888: 1866: 1836: 1811: 1751: 1725: 1650: 1620: 1530: 1485: 1458: 1424: 1365: 1336: 977: 964:

dissatisfied without cause"—a warning sign of imminent flight—Cartwright prescribed "

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wing of the Orthodox Church, were forced into psychiatric hospitals where they died.

636: 459: 310: 261: 175: 136: 100: 41: 3418: 2014:"Dangerous Minds: Political Psychiatry in China Today and Its Origin in the Mao Era" 746: 655:, for counselling protesters opposed to the building of the plant. To fulfill this, 571:

By 1936, killing of the "physically and socially unfit" became accepted practice in

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Nazi Medicine and the Nuremberg Trials: From Medical War Crimes to Informed Consent

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Dangerous Minds: Political Psychiatry in China Today and its Origins in the Mao Era

1862:

Dangerous minds: political psychiatry in China today and its origins in the Mao era

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Dangerous Minds: Political Psychiatry in China Today and its Origins in the Mao Era

288:" in the USSR, were specifically developed and used for political purposes. In the 94: 3071: 2883: 579:

and 77,000 murdered in Germany alone and many thousands further afield, mainly in

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and based on the documents obtained by him. The British researcher Robin Munro, a

5969: 5891: 5797: 5721: 5715: 5448: 5382: 5247: 5242: 5128: 4895: 4650: 4348: 4189: 4076: 3936: 3916: 3895: 3830: 3815: 3800: 3795: 3780: 3775: 3765: 3499: 3215: 2939:"Facebook user behind viral 'lost faith' shirt committed to psychiatric hospital" 2029: 1860: 1679:. United States Congress Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. 1984. p. 30. 1241: 1226: 1158: 1133: 1100: 1037: 1015: 406:(MSS). The psychiatrists who worked there wore uniforms under their white coats. 3450: 2659:

19, 30 April 1971, Commentary No 19, Notes on "The Arrest of Vladimir Bukovsky".

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Bukovsky Archives, section 3.6, "The use of psychiatry for political purposes".

2699:"On the origins of the concept of 'latent schizophrenia' in Russian psychiatry" 1773:"The labelling of dissent — politics and psychiatry behind the Great Wall" 1088: 1042: 948: 580: 526: 269: 257: 160: 110: 90: 3320: 2714: 2196: 5982: 5817: 5803: 5613: 5342: 5322: 5217: 4890: 4885: 4717: 4322: 4302: 4184: 4168: 4071: 4066: 3840: 3785: 3770: 3568: 2891: 2722: 2335: 2252:"Psychiatry during the Nazi era: ethical lessons for the modern professional" 1388:Этиология злоупотреблений в психиатрии: попытка мультидисциплинарного анализа 1253: 1195: 1108: 952: 858: 853: 820: 768: 681: 499:

around ten or more years inside. According to the report, victims are mostly

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literature even included historical analyses which were published during the

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psychiatric abuse for political and ideological purposes was reported in the

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American Association for the Abolition of Involuntary Mental Hospitalization

2843:"It could never happen here: Political psychiatry and Nattanan Warintawaret" 2409: 2183:

Holder, Elizabeth (1977). "The abuse of psychiatry for political purposes".

1710: 1322: 826:

In March 1971 Vladimir Bukovsky sent detailed diagnoses of six individuals (

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There have been a few accusations about abuse of psychiatry in Norway. See

647:, to assist in suppressing anti-nuclear protests regards to building of the 5138: 5113: 4925: 4479: 4447: 4374: 4343: 4292: 4162: 3926: 3890: 3860: 3855: 3790: 3446: 3410: 2965:"Civil rights groups urge release of Khon Kaen man held at mental hospital" 2730: 2427: 2366: 2289: 2233: 1729: 1534: 1340: 1169: 1112: 1085: 1072: 965: 944: 880: 761: 572: 522: 447: 370: 293: 253: 226: 115: 4016: 3997:

We've Had a Hundred Years of Psychotherapy – and the World's Getting Worse

2938: 2842: 2358: 2270: 5406: 5222: 4968: 4635: 4514: 4327: 4216: 3845: 3755: 1789: 1772: 1161: 844: 757: 734: 644: 550: 352: 74: 2607: 2590: 868:

The American report and other pressures, domestic and external, led the

438:" as a diagnosis, and that China generally cleaved to the diagnosis of " 5277: 5272: 3870: 3402: 3217:

The Funding of Scientific Racism: Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund

1124: 861:. Such forms would allegedly make the sufferer prone to criminal acts. 652: 592: 378: 366: 222: 2591:"The history of Japanese psychiatry and the rights of mental patients" 1748:

Transitional Justice in Post-Communist Romania: The Politics of Memory

1616:

Medicine betrayed: the participation of doctors in human rights abuses

384:

Official Chinese psychiatric literature distinctly testifies that the

5753: 5466: 4910: 4833: 4630: 3696: 1646:

Case studies on human rights and fundamental freedoms: a world survey

1643:

Veenhoven, Willem; Ewing, Winifred; Samenlevingen, Stichting (1975).

1120: 869: 624: 566: 2989:"Thai royalists must reconsider tactics in dealing with free speech" 225:

diagnosis, detention, and treatment to suppress individual or group

5964: 5490: 5227: 4510: 3810: 2645:

18.1, 5 March 1971, "Political prisoners in psychiatric hospitals".

1060: 479: 439: 356: 241: 164: 3468: 2210:

Birley, J. L. T. (January 2000). "Political abuse of psychiatry".

1063:

mental disorder for claiming that the administration of President

664: 656: 640: 537:

in the southeast of the country and the major mental hospital in

451: 430: 2392:"Psychiatric Genocide: Nazi Attempts to Eradicate Schizophrenia" 454:, abuse, all of which were aimed at breaking the victim's will. 5287: 4249: 2085:"China poised to limit use of mental hospitals to curb dissent" 1833:

The protest psychosis: how schizophrenia became a black disease

1481:

The encyclopedia of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

1454:

The Protest Psychosis: How Schizophrenia Became a Black Disease

1265:

The Protest Psychosis: How Schizophrenia Became a Black Disease

1116: 1081:

The Protest Psychosis: How Schizophrenia Became a Black Disease

1000: 771:. Many Christians, including those from the Baptist Church and 538: 318: 314: 3365:"Cop hauled off to psych ward after alleging fake crime stats" 3241:"Negro Pastor Pronounced Sane; Demands Mississippi Apologize". 5539: 3435:

The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law

1692:"Coercion in psychiatric care: Global and Indian perspective" 1165: 1153:

published a series of articles detailing questionable use of

5018: 3234: 623:. They played a crucial role in developments leading to the 3155: 1642: 1609: 1199: 980:

have been involuntarily committed. For example, in 1927 a

2869: 1095:) was published. The book covers the history of the 1960s 471:(WPA), but denied by China, and the controversy subsided. 3102:

Caplan, Arthur; McCartney, James; Sisti, Dominic (2004).

1523:

Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law

327:'s operation was running from what is today known as the 973:" as a mental illness that caused laziness among slaves. 486:

in June/July of that year and the Annual Meeting of the

381:, the percentage of such cases increased quite rapidly. 767:

The People's Republic of Romania held to a doctrine of

587:. Psychiatrists played a central and prominent role in 5692:

Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party

3043:

An introduction to the sociology of health and illness

2764:"Borstbeeld, eerste stap naar eerherstel Louis Doedel" 2347:

International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine

1305:"Political Abuse of Psychiatry—An Historical Overview" 5620:

Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia

5473:

Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction

1690:

Shah, Ruchita; Basu, Debasish (July–September 2010).

1417:

Semple, David; Smyth, Roger; Burns, Jonathan (2005).

296:, a practice that some argue continues to this day. 3264:"How a Telescopic Lens Muddles Psychiatric Insights" 3101: 2915:"Man Behind Viral 'Lost Faith' Shirt Gets Cop Visit" 2557:"Plan to counsel anti-nuclear protesters draws flak" 1605: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1579: 4931:

Child abductions in the Russian invasion of Ukraine

3982:

The Politics of Experience and The Bird of Paradise

3428:"Comparing Soviet and Chinese Political Psychiatry" 3258: 2386: 2155:"Drugged and Detained: China's Psychiatric Prisons" 2121:LaFraniere, Sharon; Levin, Dan (11 November 2010). 1577: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 4407:Political abuse of psychiatry in the United States 3740:World Network of Users and Survivors of Psychiatry 3105:Health, disease, and illness: concepts in medicine 1975: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 2821:International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam 2554: 2523: 2440: 2226:10.1111/j.0902-4441.2000.007s020[dash]3.x 2182: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1353: 1075:when accurate claims are dismissed as delusional. 922:rather than political psychiatry. On 9 July 2020 800:Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union 5980: 3388: 2627:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 335. 2443:"Centre to deal anti-nuke mind-set with NIMHANS" 1556: 1416: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1286: 1119:, which compared to the previous edition added " 410:hardly connected with each other. These are the 2526:"Koodankulam counselling for protestors flayed" 2120: 1803: 713: 693: 467:. Access to the hospitals was requested by the 5371:Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent 5365:Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire 3128: 3072:"Diseases and Peculiarities of the Negro Race" 1908: 1423:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 6. 1168:, and some former patients reported permanent 930:to be abolished but 'loss of faith' may imply 707: 687: 643:, a well known mental health establishment in 5552:Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc 5359:Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire 5004: 4495: 4359:Prescription drug prices in the United States 4265: 4032: 3581:Outline of the psychiatric survivors movement 3484: 3220:. University of Illinois Press. p. 119. 2497: 2466: 2116: 2114: 2112: 1283: 810:Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union 195: 16:Misuse of psychiatry to obstruct human rights 5674:Violence against Hindus in independent India 4509: 3189:. Yale University Press Publishers. p. 1393:Нейроnews: Психоневрология и нейропсихиатрия 1378: 1361:Ethics in Psychiatry: European Contributions 751:Anti-religious campaign of Communist Romania 321:, and confined to psychiatric institutions. 5886:Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh 5401:Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent 4046: 3344: 3186:The Sacco-Vanzetti Affair: America on Trial 3108:. Georgetown University Press. p. 35. 2007: 2005: 2003: 1986:. Amsterdam—New York: Rodopi. p. 242. 1804:Katona, Cornelius; Robertson, Mary (2005). 1741: 1739: 1649:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 29. 1638: 1636: 671:relating to some interrogation techniques. 5011: 4997: 4502: 4488: 4272: 4258: 4039: 4025: 3491: 3477: 3066: 3060: 2584: 2582: 2330: 2328: 2109: 1880: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1140:, which can be easily used to pathologize 758:International University Sports 'Olympiad' 202: 188: 5521:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars 4871:Canadian Indian residential school system 3425: 3135:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 305. 2615: 2606: 2417: 2302: 2296: 2279: 2269: 2245: 2243: 1979: 1788: 1770: 1719: 1709: 1330: 1302: 883:(1905–1980) was a trade unionist. He was 3035: 3033: 2123:"Assertive Chinese Held in Mental Wards" 2011: 2000: 1854: 1852: 1736: 1689: 1633: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1501: 635:It was reported in June, 2012, that the 5485:French Revolutionary dechristianisation 4852:List of international adoption scandals 4412:Political abuse of psychiatry in Russia 3722:Royal Association for Disability Rights 3347:"Silent UC Berkeley protester detained" 2912: 2696: 2588: 2579: 2334: 2325: 1663: 1446: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1384: 1347: 1071:" was coined to describe mental health 785:Political abuse of psychiatry in Russia 256:, with occasional occurrences in other 5981: 5431:Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain 4916:Kidnapping of children by Nazi Germany 4133:Caesarean delivery on maternal request 3213: 3182: 3156:Rick Halpern; Enrico Dal Lago (2002). 3095: 3011: 2962: 2380: 2249: 2240: 2209: 2203: 2082: 2076: 1797: 1764: 1513: 595:', constituting two categories of the 5680:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 4992: 4906:Forced adoption in the United Kingdom 4483: 4253: 4020: 3472: 3162:. Blackwell Publishing. p. 273. 3039: 3030: 2865: 2863: 2683:See Sidney Bloch and Peter Reddaway, 2149: 2147: 2145: 1886: 1858: 1849: 1830: 1771:Declan, Lyons; Art, O'Malley (2002). 1498: 1450: 1410: 663:In July, 2013, the same institution, 517:Political abuse of psychiatry in Cuba 3657:Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law 3252: 2340:"Psychiatry's role in the holocaust" 2056:"Contortions of Psychiatry in China" 1745: 1683: 1477: 1437: 916:National Council for Peace and Order 5824:Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War 5774:Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh 5686:Jewish exodus from the Muslim world 5479:Christianization of the Sámi people 4785:Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act 4750:Adoption Information Disclosure Act 4728:History of children in the military 4209:Works about unnecessary health care 3662:Citizens Commission on Human Rights 3498: 2048: 1471: 1184:5150 (involuntary psychiatric hold) 914:, there were a few cases where the 13: 4952:Historical criticism of orphanages 4843:Controversial violations of rights 3621:Self-help groups for mental health 2860: 2555:Veena Joshi Datta (20 June 2012). 2524:Veena Joshi Datta (20 June 2012). 2500:"Demonising anti-nuclear protests" 2142: 1484:. Infobase Publishing. p. 3. 1303:van Voren, Robert (January 2010). 284:. Psychiatric diagnoses, such as " 14: 6035: 5668:Violence against Muslims in India 5662:Persecution of Hindus in Pakistan 5608:Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses 4876:Tennessee Children's Home Society 3687:International Disability Alliance 3382: 3318: 2441:Veena Joshi Datta (2 June 2012). 2390:; Yolken, Robert (January 2010). 2083:Demick, Barbara (16 March 2012). 1395:(in Russian) (20). Archived from 806:Soviet anti-religious legislation 5963: 4857:American Indian boarding schools 4797:Islamic adoptional jurisprudence 4279: 3345:J.D. Morris (13 December 2011). 3012:Record, The Isaan (2020-07-22). 2963:Record, The Isaan (2020-07-18). 1034:American Psychiatric Association 937: 488:American Psychiatric Association 5940:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel 5910:Persecution of Uyghurs in China 4861:American Indian outing programs 4656:Cultural variations in adoption 4337:Economic and financial concerns 3947:Interpretation of Schizophrenia 3672:Disability Rights International 3357: 3338: 3312: 3282: 3207: 3176: 3149: 3122: 3005: 2981: 2956: 2931: 2913:English, Khaosod (2020-06-22). 2906: 2835: 2808: 2782: 2756: 2745: 2690: 2677: 2663: 2649: 2635: 2548: 2517: 2491: 2460: 2434: 2303:Weindling, Paul Julian (2006). 2176: 1831:Metzl, Jonathan Michel (2011). 1824: 1810:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 77. 1385:Глузман, Семён (January 2010). 1271:Unethical human experimentation 1237:Global Initiative on Psychiatry 1217:Wrongful involuntary commitment 793: 669:Central Bureau of Investigation 294:control African-American slaves 5989:Political abuses of psychiatry 5928:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings 5898:Genocide of Christians by ISIL 5632:Communist Romanian persecution 4756:Adoption and Safe Families Act 4744:Access to Adoption Records Act 4062:Direct-to-consumer advertising 3735:Socialist Patients' Collective 3596:Psychiatric survivors movement 3519:Controversies about psychiatry 2498:Praful Bidwai (15 June 2012). 2250:Strous, Rael (February 2007). 2213:Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2185:Journal of Child Psychotherapy 1750:. Cambridge University Press. 649:Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant 484:Royal College of Psychiatrists 1: 5946:2024 Istanbul church shooting 5922:Christchurch mosque shootings 5710:Religious violence in Nigeria 5704:Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria 4646:Political abuse of psychiatry 4402:Political abuse of psychiatry 4117:Political abuse of psychiatry 3692:Learning Disability Coalition 3586:Political abuse of psychiatry 2884:10.1080/13504630.2020.1767056 2671:A Chronicle of Current Events 2657:A Chronicle of Current Events 2643:A Chronicle of Current Events 2467:Praful Bidwai (4 June 2012). 1420:Oxford handbook of psychiatry 1277: 1176: 1172:even after stopping the meds. 1138:Oppositional Defiant Disorder 1041:the patient. This became the 1007:, attempted to enroll at the 837:World Psychiatric Association 684:passed the Mental Hygiene Act 469:World Psychiatric Association 299: 215:Political abuse of psychiatry 5836:War crimes in the Kosovo War 5626:Communist Polish persecution 5497:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war 5425:Crusades against schismatics 4901:Forced adoption in Australia 4845:in adoption or child custody 4774:Foster Care Independence Act 3717:Rehabilitation International 3652:Autism Network International 2685:Russia's political hospitals 2257:Annals of General Psychiatry 2030:10.1176/appi.ps.54.10.1418-a 2012:Freedman, M (October 2003). 1697:Indian Journal of Psychiatry 1144:, is an abuse of psychiatry. 7: 6014:Social problems in medicine 4438:Hospital-acquired infection 4433:Hospital-acquired pneumonia 4143:Benzodiazepine use disorder 3707:National Empowerment Center 3667:Critical Psychiatry Network 3534:History of mental disorders 3214:Tucker, William H. (2002). 2697:Engmann, Birk (June 2022). 1611:British Medical Association 1209: 1190: 1127:" as signs of the disorder. 905: 898:on 28 May 1937 by Governor 875: 714: 694: 10: 6040: 5994:Imprisonment and detention 4943:Jewish orphans controversy 4780:Hague Adoption Convention 4195:Medication discontinuation 3977:The Myth of Mental Illness 3712:Radical Psychology Network 3426:van Voren, Robert (2002). 2790:"Louis Doedel (1905-1980)" 1980:van Voren, Robert (2009). 803: 797: 782: 744: 740: 564: 560: 514: 404:Ministry of State Security 282:People's Republic of China 221:, refers to the misuse of 5960: 5868:South Thailand insurgency 5844:Walisongo school massacre 5812:Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus 5461:Expulsion of the Moriscos 5437:European wars of religion 5351: 5195: 5030: 4951: 4842: 4824: 4817: 4762:Christian law of adoption 4736: 4666:Genealogical bewilderment 4621:Adoption reunion registry 4598: 4567: 4521: 4456: 4420: 4367: 4336: 4285: 4208: 4177: 4125: 4054: 4005: 3909: 3748: 3702:MindFreedom International 3634: 3514:Biopsychiatry controversy 3506: 3046:. SAGE. pp. 41, 42. 2715:10.1177/0957154X211035328 2197:10.1080/00754177708254978 1619:. Zed Books. p. 65. 1364:. Springer. p. 491. 1091:(who also has a Ph.D. in 1012:University of Mississippi 778: 724: 708: 688: 543:electroconvulsive therapy 304: 292:, psychiatry was used to 6024:Psychiatry controversies 5258:Extrajudicial punishment 4866:Indian Placement Program 4829:Adoption in ancient Rome 4802:Putative father registry 4791:Indian Child Welfare Act 4385:Compulsory sterilization 3962:Madness and Civilization 3952:Liberation by Oppression 3159:Slavery and Emancipation 2589:Totsuka, Etsuro (1990). 1835:. Boston, Mass: Beacon. 1514:Bonnie, Richard (2002). 1451:Metzl, Jonathan (2010). 1387: 1259:Medically indigent adult 887:in psychiatric hospital 674: 630: 577:involuntarily sterilized 434:Soviet Union preferred " 427:Moscow Serbsky Institute 338: 329:Allen Memorial Institute 5951:Crocus City Hall attack 5698:Persecution of Tibetans 5455:French Wars of Religion 5377:Yellow Turban Rebellion 4313:Unnecessary health care 4048:Unnecessary health care 3591:Positive disintegration 3529:Hearing Voices Movement 3183:Moshik, Temkin (2009). 3129:Paul Finkelman (1997). 1711:10.4103/0019-5545.70971 1247:Pharmacological torture 1059:, was diagnosed with a 971:dysaesthesia aethiopica 702:unforeseen consequences 597:crimes against humanity 510: 333:Royal Victoria Hospital 153:Intramuscular injection 5904:Iraqi Turkmen genocide 5880:Maspero demonstrations 5728:Huế Phật Đản shootings 4964:Mount Cashel Orphanage 4671:International adoption 4606:Adopted child syndrome 4568:Foster care by country 4380:Sluggish schizophrenia 3922:Anatomy of an Epidemic 3677:Hearing Voices Network 3549:Martha Mitchell effect 3539:Involuntary commitment 2561:The New Indian Express 2530:The New Indian Express 2447:The New Indian Express 2397:Schizophrenia Bulletin 2162:safeguarddefenders.com 1893:. Human Rights Watch. 1865:. Human Rights Watch. 1807:Psychiatry at a glance 1746:Stan, Lavinia (2013). 1478:Noll, Richard (2007). 1310:Schizophrenia Bulletin 1222:Involuntary commitment 1069:Martha Mitchell effect 1025:In the 1964 election, 999:, an African-American 976:In the United States, 682:National Diet of Japan 465:Public Security Bureau 444:paranoid schizophrenia 436:sluggish schizophrenia 286:sluggish schizophrenia 106:Mental health tribunal 65:Involuntary commitment 56:Involuntary commitment 5874:Boko Haram insurgency 5533:Pontic Greek genocide 5443:Ottoman–Habsburg wars 5253:Extrajudicial killing 5020:Religious persecution 4457:Records and histories 4428:Adverse drug reaction 4396:The Protest Psychosis 4158:Proton-pump inhibitor 4107:Quaternary prevention 4087:Unwarranted variation 3992:The Radical Therapist 3987:The Protest Psychosis 3626:Therapeutic community 3601:Psychoanalytic theory 3544:Involuntary treatment 3351:The Daily Californian 3132:Slavery & the Law 3068:Cartwright, Samuel A. 3040:White, Kevin (2002). 2703:History of Psychiatry 2469:"No margin for error" 2410:10.1093/schbul/sbp097 2376:on September 6, 2013. 2359:10.3233/JRS-1993-4204 2271:10.1186/1744-859X-6-8 1887:Munro, Robin (2002). 1859:Munro, Robin (2002). 1323:10.1093/schbul/sbp119 1142:anti-authoritarianism 1131:Clinical psychologist 1054:U.S. Attorney General 1050:Martha Beall Mitchell 1005:Civil Rights Movement 920:psychological warfare 912:2014 Thai coup d'état 885:involuntary committed 828:Natalya Gorbanevskaya 804:Further information: 745:Further information: 531:Amnesty International 235:psychiatric hospitals 70:Outpatient commitment 28:Involuntary treatment 6019:Ethics in psychiatry 6009:Political repression 5856:September 11 attacks 5792:1984 anti-Sikh riots 5656:Rawalpindi massacres 5602:White Terror (Spain) 5413:Massacre at Ayyadieh 5298:Population cleansing 4974:St. John's Orphanage 4808:Uniform Adoption Act 4723:Sealed birth records 4681:Language of adoption 4676:Interracial adoption 4178:Tools and situations 4126:Overused health care 4102:Prescription cascade 3576:Nouthetic counseling 2388:Fuller Torrey, Edwin 2018:Psychiatric Services 1790:10.1192/pb.26.12.443 1544:on 28 September 2011 1354:Helmchen, Hanfried; 1232:Institutionalisation 1097:Ionia State Hospital 1003:and activist of the 997:Clennon W. King, Jr. 978:political dissenters 959:in 1851 that caused 957:Samuel A. Cartwright 132:Voluntary commitment 5999:Institutional abuse 5768:Bangladesh genocide 5748:Cultural Revolution 5740:Xá Lợi Pagoda raids 5503:Circassian genocide 5389:Rhineland massacres 5303:Population transfer 5268:Forced displacement 5075:Jehovah's Witnesses 4626:Adoption tax credit 4616:Adoption home study 4611:Adoption disclosure 4522:Adoption by country 4298:Medical malpractice 4200:Withdrawal syndrome 4148:Opioid use disorder 3616:Rosenhan experiment 3611:Rhetoric of therapy 3524:Critical psychiatry 3321:"Drugging Our Kids" 3260:Richard A. Friedman 2993:Nikkei Asian Review 2608:10.1192/pb.14.4.193 1036:members on whether 496:Safeguard Defenders 362:Cultural Revolution 347:published the book 331:(AMI), part of the 325:Donald Ewen Cameron 219:punitive psychiatry 5862:2002 Gujarat riots 5786:Cambodian genocide 5780:Lebanese Civil War 5558:Soviet persecution 5395:Jerusalem massacre 5308:Sectarian violence 5293:Political violence 4354:Financial toxicity 4224:The Treatment Trap 4097:Overmedicalization 4082:Defensive medicine 3967:Radical Psychology 3942:Doctoring the Mind 3647:Aspies For Freedom 3403:10.1007/BF02737088 3391:Current Psychology 3290:"LBJ Fit to Serve" 2479:on 7 November 2014 2473:Hindustantimes.com 2309:Palgrave Macmillan 2128:The New York Times 2061:The New York Times 1204:Adrian Schoolcraft 1155:psychotropic drugs 1078:In 2010, the book 990:Sacco and Vanzetti 416:Ministry of Health 345:Human Rights Watch 47:Chemical restraint 42:Physical restraint 6004:Medical sociology 5976: 5975: 5916:Rohingya genocide 5644:Direct Action Day 5596:Šahovići massacre 5546:Armenian genocide 5540:Assyrian genocide 5427:(13th–15th cent.) 5421:(12th–16th cent.) 5419:Northern Crusades 5263:Forced conversion 5213:Cultural genocide 5208:Communal violence 5085:post–Cold War era 5070:Eastern Orthodoxy 4986: 4985: 4982: 4981: 4959:Duplessis Orphans 4768:Dima Yakovlev Law 4686:Same-sex adoption 4477: 4476: 4443:Iatrogenic anemia 4390:Physician gag law 4247: 4246: 4238:Overdosed America 4153:Psychoactive drug 4138:Antibiotic misuse 4112:Disease mongering 4014: 4013: 4008:Psychiatry portal 3972:The Gene Illusion 3876:Elizabeth Packard 3836:Peter C. Gøtzsche 3821:Leonard Roy Frank 3761:Giorgio Antonucci 3367:. 10 October 2010 3227:978-0-252-02762-8 3200:978-0-300-12484-2 3169:978-0-631-21735-0 3142:978-0-7425-2119-3 3115:978-1-58901-014-7 3053:978-0-7619-6400-1 2943:Prachatai English 2872:Social Identities 2847:Prachatai English 2794:Vakbonds Historie 2318:978-0-230-50700-5 2090:Los Angeles Times 2024:(10): 1418–1419. 1993:978-90-420-2585-1 1900:978-1-56432-278-4 1872:978-1-56432-278-4 1842:978-0-8070-0127-1 1817:978-1-4051-2404-1 1757:978-1-107-02053-5 1656:978-90-247-1780-4 1626:978-1-85649-104-4 1491:978-0-8160-6405-2 1464:978-0-8070-8592-9 1430:978-0-19-852783-1 1371:978-90-481-8720-1 1356:Sartorius, Norman 1111:because of their 1105:African Americans 947:" was a supposed 924:Tiwagorn Withiton 817:Vladimir Bukovsky 637:Indian Government 460:Peking University 311:Duplessis Orphans 212: 211: 176:Covert medication 137:Informal coercion 101:Mental health law 22:Part of series on 6031: 5968: 5967: 5934:2020 Delhi riots 5850:Kosheh massacres 5830:Bosnian genocide 5650:1946 Bihar riots 5313:Social cleansing 5238:Ethnic cleansing 5013: 5006: 4999: 4990: 4989: 4921:Tianjin Massacre 4822: 4821: 4641:Child laundering 4504: 4497: 4490: 4481: 4480: 4421:Related concerns 4274: 4267: 4260: 4251: 4250: 4231:Selling Sickness 4041: 4034: 4027: 4018: 4017: 3866:Joanna Moncrieff 3726:Paranoia Network 3493: 3486: 3479: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3455: 3449:. Archived from 3432: 3422: 3377: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3361: 3355: 3354: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3325:The Mercury News 3316: 3310: 3309: 3304: 3303: 3295:Associated Press 3286: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3276: 3262:(May 23, 2011). 3256: 3250: 3249:20 June 1958: 3. 3246:Sarasota Journal 3238: 3232: 3231: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3180: 3174: 3173: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3037: 3028: 3027: 3025: 3024: 3018:The Isaan Record 3009: 3003: 3002: 3000: 2999: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2975: 2969:The Isaan Record 2960: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2950: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2925: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2867: 2858: 2857: 2855: 2854: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2760: 2754: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2694: 2688: 2681: 2675: 2667: 2661: 2653: 2647: 2639: 2633: 2632: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2610: 2595:The Psychiatrist 2586: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2567:on June 22, 2012 2563:. 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Beacon Press. 1448: 1435: 1434: 1414: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1404: 1382: 1376: 1375: 1351: 1345: 1344: 1334: 1300: 1150:The Mercury News 1093:American studies 1065:Richard M. Nixon 1016:graduate courses 897: 832:Pyotr Grigorenko 719: 717: 715:Seishin Hoken Hō 711: 710: 699: 697: 695:Seishin Eisei Hō 691: 690: 547:muscle relaxants 535:Santiago de Cuba 494:In August 2022, 258:Eastern European 217:, also known as 204: 197: 190: 95:Informed consent 19: 18: 6039: 6038: 6034: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6029: 6028: 5979: 5978: 5977: 5972: 5962: 5956: 5892:Yazidi genocide 5798:Revival Process 5734:Thích Quảng Đức 5722:Buddhist crisis 5716:Istanbul pogrom 5584:1970–1987 5579:1958–1964 5574:1928–1941 5569:1921–1928 5564:1917–1921 5449:Goa Inquisition 5383:Battle of Tours 5373:(c.550–c. 1200) 5367:(c. 324–c. 491) 5347: 5248:Ethnic violence 5243:Ethnic conflict 5191: 5190: 5189: 5144:minority Muslim 5026: 5017: 4987: 4978: 4947: 4896:Michael A. Hess 4844: 4838: 4813: 4732: 4651:Closed adoption 4594: 4563: 4517: 4508: 4478: 4473: 4452: 4416: 4368:Political abuse 4363: 4349:Balance billing 4332: 4281: 4278: 4248: 4243: 4204: 4190:Choosing Wisely 4173: 4121: 4077:Fee-for-service 4050: 4045: 4015: 4010: 4001: 3937:Crazy Therapies 3917:Against Therapy 3905: 3901:Robert Whitaker 3896:Stephen Ticktin 3831:James Gottstein 3816:Michel Foucault 3801:Judi Chamberlin 3796:Ted Chabasinski 3781:Richard Bentall 3776:Lauretta Bender 3766:Franco Basaglia 3744: 3630: 3502: 3500:Anti-psychiatry 3497: 3459: 3457: 3456:on 26 July 2011 3453: 3430: 3385: 3380: 3370: 3368: 3363: 3362: 3358: 3343: 3339: 3329: 3327: 3317: 3313: 3301: 3299: 3288: 3287: 3283: 3274: 3272: 3257: 3253: 3239: 3235: 3228: 3212: 3208: 3201: 3181: 3177: 3170: 3154: 3150: 3143: 3127: 3123: 3116: 3100: 3096: 3086: 3084: 3065: 3061: 3054: 3038: 3031: 3022: 3020: 3010: 3006: 2997: 2995: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2973: 2971: 2961: 2957: 2948: 2946: 2937: 2936: 2932: 2923: 2921: 2919:Khaosod English 2911: 2907: 2868: 2861: 2852: 2850: 2841: 2840: 2836: 2826: 2824: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2799: 2797: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2773: 2771: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2750: 2746: 2695: 2691: 2687:, London, 1977. 2682: 2678: 2668: 2664: 2654: 2650: 2640: 2636: 2620: 2616: 2587: 2580: 2570: 2568: 2553: 2549: 2539: 2537: 2536:on July 6, 2012 2522: 2518: 2508: 2506: 2496: 2492: 2482: 2480: 2465: 2461: 2451: 2449: 2439: 2435: 2385: 2381: 2373: 2342: 2333: 2326: 2319: 2301: 2297: 2248: 2241: 2208: 2204: 2181: 2177: 2167: 2165: 2157: 2153: 2152: 2143: 2133: 2131: 2119: 2110: 2100: 2098: 2081: 2077: 2067: 2065: 2064:. 25 March 2001 2054: 2053: 2049: 2039: 2037: 2010: 2001: 1994: 1978: 1909: 1901: 1885: 1881: 1873: 1857: 1850: 1843: 1829: 1825: 1818: 1802: 1798: 1783:(12): 443–444. 1769: 1765: 1758: 1744: 1737: 1688: 1684: 1674: 1673: 1664: 1657: 1641: 1634: 1627: 1608: 1557: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1518: 1512: 1499: 1492: 1476: 1472: 1465: 1449: 1438: 1431: 1415: 1411: 1402: 1400: 1389: 1383: 1379: 1372: 1352: 1348: 1301: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1242:Medical torture 1227:Anti-psychiatry 1212: 1193: 1179: 1134:Bruce E. Levine 1101:Ionia, Michigan 1038:Barry Goldwater 986:Aurora D'Angelo 940: 908: 891: 878: 812: 802: 796: 787: 781: 753: 743: 731:Arnold Juklerød 727: 705: 685: 677: 639:has approached 633: 569: 563: 519: 513: 463:managed by the 386:Communist Party 341: 307: 302: 260:countries like 208: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6037: 6027: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5974: 5973: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5948: 5943: 5937: 5931: 5925: 5919: 5918:(2016–ongoing) 5913: 5912:(2014–ongoing) 5907: 5901: 5900:(2014–ongoing) 5895: 5889: 5883: 5877: 5876:(2009–ongoing) 5871: 5870:(2004–ongoing) 5865: 5859: 5853: 5847: 5841: 5840: 5839: 5833: 5827: 5815: 5809: 5808: 5807: 5795: 5789: 5783: 5777: 5776:(1971–ongoing) 5771: 5765: 5764: 5763: 5757: 5745: 5744: 5743: 5737: 5731: 5719: 5713: 5712:(1953–ongoing) 5707: 5701: 5700:(1950–ongoing) 5695: 5694:(1949–ongoing) 5689: 5683: 5677: 5676:(1947–ongoing) 5671: 5670:(1947–ongoing) 5665: 5664:(1947–ongoing) 5659: 5653: 5647: 5641: 5638:Noakhali riots 5635: 5629: 5623: 5617: 5611: 5605: 5599: 5593: 5592: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5555: 5549: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5535: 5527:Greek genocide 5524: 5518: 5515:Adana massacre 5512: 5506: 5500: 5494: 5488: 5482: 5476: 5470: 5464: 5458: 5452: 5446: 5440: 5434: 5428: 5422: 5416: 5410: 5404: 5398: 5392: 5386: 5380: 5379:(c.184–c. 205) 5374: 5368: 5362: 5355: 5353: 5349: 5348: 5346: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5328:State religion 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5233:Discrimination 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5199: 5197: 5193: 5192: 5188: 5187: 5185:Zoroastrianism 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5161: 5160: 5150: 5149: 5148: 5147: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5111: 5110: 5109: 5107:Untouchability 5104: 5094: 5089: 5088: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5028: 5027: 5024:discrimination 5016: 5015: 5008: 5001: 4993: 4984: 4983: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4955: 4953: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4945: 4940: 4937:Postremo mense 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4881:Baby Scoop Era 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4854: 4848: 4846: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4836: 4831: 4825: 4819: 4815: 4814: 4812: 4811: 4805: 4799: 4794: 4788: 4782: 4777: 4771: 4765: 4759: 4753: 4747: 4740: 4738: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4714: 4713: 4708: 4706:United Kingdom 4703: 4698: 4693: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4592: 4587: 4585:United Kingdom 4582: 4577: 4571: 4569: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4525: 4523: 4519: 4518: 4507: 4506: 4499: 4492: 4484: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4471: 4464:Drug pollution 4460: 4458: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4424: 4422: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4371: 4369: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4340: 4338: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4318:Adverse effect 4315: 4310: 4308:Patient safety 4305: 4300: 4295: 4289: 4287: 4283: 4282: 4277: 4276: 4269: 4262: 4254: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4241: 4234: 4227: 4220: 4212: 4210: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4181: 4179: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4171: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4129: 4127: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4092:Overmedication 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4058: 4056: 4052: 4051: 4044: 4043: 4036: 4029: 4021: 4012: 4011: 4006: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3957:Mad in America 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3913: 3911: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3881:Sascha Scatter 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3826:Erving Goffman 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3752: 3750: 3746: 3745: 3743: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3682:Icarus Project 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3638: 3636: 3632: 3631: 3629: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3606:Recovery model 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3559:Medicalization 3556: 3554:Medical ethics 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3510: 3508: 3504: 3503: 3496: 3495: 3488: 3481: 3473: 3467: 3466: 3441:(1): 131–135. 3423: 3384: 3383:External links 3381: 3379: 3378: 3356: 3337: 3319:De Sá, Karen. 3311: 3298:. May 23, 1968 3281: 3269:New York Times 3251: 3233: 3226: 3206: 3199: 3175: 3168: 3148: 3141: 3121: 3114: 3094: 3077:DeBow's Review 3059: 3052: 3029: 3004: 2980: 2955: 2945:. 13 July 2020 2930: 2905: 2878:(4): 446–460. 2859: 2849:. 31 July 2015 2834: 2816:"Louis Doedel" 2807: 2781: 2755: 2744: 2709:(2): 230–235. 2689: 2676: 2662: 2648: 2634: 2614: 2601:(4): 193–200. 2578: 2547: 2516: 2504:The Daily Star 2490: 2459: 2433: 2379: 2353:(2): 133–148. 2336:Breggin, Peter 2324: 2317: 2295: 2239: 2220:(399): 13–15. 2202: 2191:(3): 108–110. 2175: 2141: 2108: 2075: 2047: 1999: 1992: 1907: 1899: 1879: 1877:(Google Books) 1871: 1848: 1841: 1823: 1816: 1796: 1763: 1756: 1735: 1704:(3): 203–206. 1682: 1662: 1655: 1632: 1625: 1555: 1529:(1): 136–144. 1497: 1490: 1470: 1463: 1436: 1429: 1409: 1377: 1370: 1346: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1273: 1268: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1250: 1249: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1196:Whistleblowers 1192: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1145: 1136:, argues that 1128: 1089:Jonathan Metzl 1076: 1048:In the 1970s, 1046: 1043:Goldwater rule 1023: 993: 974: 949:mental illness 939: 936: 910:Following the 907: 904: 877: 874: 798:Main article: 795: 792: 783:Main article: 780: 777: 747:Pitești Prison 742: 739: 726: 723: 676: 673: 632: 629: 581:eastern Europe 565:Main article: 562: 559: 527:Americas Watch 512: 509: 340: 337: 306: 303: 301: 298: 270:Czechoslovakia 210: 209: 207: 206: 199: 192: 184: 181: 180: 179: 178: 173: 168: 161:Benzodiazepine 147: 146: 142: 141: 140: 139: 134: 126: 125: 121: 120: 119: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 91:Medical ethics 85: 84: 80: 79: 78: 77: 72: 67: 59: 58: 52: 51: 50: 49: 44: 36: 35: 31: 30: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6036: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5986: 5984: 5971: 5966: 5959: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5941: 5938: 5935: 5932: 5929: 5926: 5923: 5920: 5917: 5914: 5911: 5908: 5905: 5902: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5884: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5872: 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4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4554:United States 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4505: 4500: 4498: 4493: 4491: 4486: 4485: 4482: 4469: 4465: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4455: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4397: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4366: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4323:Patient abuse 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4303:Medical error 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4284: 4275: 4270: 4268: 4263: 4261: 4256: 4255: 4252: 4240: 4239: 4235: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4226: 4225: 4221: 4219: 4218: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4207: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4185:Deprescribing 4183: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4170: 4169:incidentaloma 4167:treatment of 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 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