7600:
reforms locally. After the establishment of The People's
Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, Mao banned any NGOs that were related to counter revolutionary goals. During the reform era under Deng beginning the 1970s, NGOs although not completely banned, three laws were implemented to keep relatively tight control over them––the Regulations on the Registration and Management of Social Organizations, the Regulations on the Registration and Management of Foundations, and the Interim Provisions for the Administration of Foreign Chambers of Commerce in China. The latter two were implemented after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, and the general tone of all the regulations emphasized government control. For instance, the regulations require a two-tiered management system, in which before being legally registered by the Ministry of Civil Affairs, a government agency must sponsor the organization; thus, two governmental agencies must be monitoring the day-to-day operations of the NGO. However, in the 1990s, NGOs began to regain momentum despite restrictions in place. Today, the number of registered organizations in China has grown to over 700,000, "... including many professional and friendship associations, foundations working in the fields of education, science, and culture, and a large number of nonprofits engaged in poverty alleviation, social work with people with disabilities, children, and the elderly. The number of nonprofits and environmental education and climate action groups has also significantly grown".
6929:
7162:
2198:
13193:
7078:
555:
58:
5014:
4340:
4779:
4211:, "he Party sits above the state, runs parallel to the state, and is enmeshed in every level of the state." Central party control is tightest in central government offices and urban economic, industrial, and cultural settings; it is considerably looser over the government and party establishments in rural areas, where the majority of mainland Chinese people live. The CCP's most important responsibility comes in the selection and promotion of personnel. They also see that party and state policy guidance is followed and that non-party members do not create autonomous organizations that could challenge party rule. Significant are the
4118:, "onsultative democracy was created by the CPC and the Chinese people as a form of socialist democracy. ... Not only representing a commitment to socialism, it carries forward China's political and cultural traditions. Not only representing a commitment to the organizational principles and leadership mode of democratic centralism, it also affirms the role of the general public in a democracy. Not only representing a commitment to the leadership of the CPC, it also gives play to the role of all political parties and organizations as well as people of all ethnic groups and all sectors of society". The semi-official journal
4680:
16088:
3804:
2208:
4523:
4887:
5109:
7074:
7488:(BRI), a global infrastructure project that was launched in 2013 by Chinese leader Xi Jinping. The stated goal of the program is to expand maritime routes and land infrastructure networks connecting China with Asia, Africa, and Europe, boosting trade and economic growth. It involves a massive development of trade routes that will create a large expansion of land transportation infrastructure and new ports in the Pacific and Indian oceans to facilitate regional and intercontinental trade flow and increase oil and gas supply.
7670:
allow for a full understanding of
Chinese civil society. Taru Salmenkari, an associate professor specializing in contemporary China and issues of democracy and civil society in East Asia at Tallinn University, has argued in her "Theoretical Poverty in the Research on Chinese Civil Society" that to understand Chinese civil society, one must "...go beyond the question of the degree of autonomy from the state. It must address the nature of horizontal contacts through which civil society is constituted".
16100:
2181:
7313:
16076:
7089:
16040:
3942:
16050:
7071:
7090:
7076:
7274:
7072:
7075:
7068:
7091:
7097:
6940:(NPC). It meets annually for about two weeks to review and approve major new policy directions, laws, the budget, and major personnel changes. The NPC elects and appoints important state positions such as the president, the vice president, the chairman and other members of the Central Military Commission, the premier and rest of the State Council, the
7073:
7085:
7080:
7082:
7638:(ACFTU) advocates for workers' interests within the CCP and the government. It also seeks to address occupational health and safety issues and carries on industrial policy oversight. It is the country's sole legal workers union. The CCP controls the appointment of ACFTU officials at the regional and national levels.
7100:
7096:
7042:) People's Congress. The Provincial People's Congress, in turn, elects members to the National People's Congress that meets each year in March in Beijing. The ruling CCP committee at each level plays a large role in the selection of appropriate candidates for election to the local congress and to the higher levels.
7087:
3928:, "the CCP tightly controls the nomination and election processes at every level in the people's congress system... the tiered, indirect electoral mechanism in the People's Congress system ensures that deputies at the highest levels face no semblance of electoral accountability to the Chinese citizenry."
7630:
established in 1953. The ACFIC was established to advance the CCP's interests and promote the party's policies among private entrepreneurs. It seeks to influence policy through submitting proposals to the CPPCC, a process which requires relevant government ministries to investigate the proposals and
7138:
The CCP created and leads the People's
Liberation Army. After the PRC was established in 1949, the PLA also became a state military. The state military system inherited and upholds the principle of the CCP's absolute leadership over the people's armed forces, often referred to under Mao's maxim that
7079:
6992:
Coordination between the eight minor parties and the CCP is done through the
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference which meets annually in Beijing in March at about the same time that the National People's Congress meets. In addition, there are banned political parties that are actively
7194:
or the obtainment of the People's
Republic of China nationality is difficult. The Nationality Law prescribes only three conditions for the obtainment of PRC nationality (marriage to a PRC national is one, permanent residence is another). PRC nationals who acquire a foreign nationality automatically
7037:
Each local Bureau or office is under the coequal authority of the local leader and the leader of the corresponding office, bureau or ministry at the next higher level. People's
Congress members at the county level are elected by voters. These county-level People's Congresses have the responsibility
4092:
Central government leaders must, in practice, build consensus for new policies among party members, local and regional leaders, influential non-party members, and the population at large. Even as there have been some moves in the direction of democratization as far as the electoral system at least,
7722:
Surveys have shown a high level of the
Chinese public's satisfaction with their government. These views are generally attributed to the material comforts and security available to large segments of the Chinese populace as well as the government's attentiveness and responsiveness. A majority of the
6958:
Members of the State
Council include the Premier, a variable number of vice premiers (now four), five state councilors (protocol equal of vice premiers but with narrower portfolios), and 29 ministers and heads of State Council commissions. During the 1980s there was an attempt made to separate CCP
7669:
The majority of research on
Chinese civil society from the early 1990s to the early 2010s has been to examine "the organizational independence of civic associations from the state". Researchers have argued that the western driven definition of "civil society" is too narrowly fixed, which does not
7603:
In 2017, a policy called "Management of
Overseas NGOs' Activities in Mainland China Law" (FNGO Law) was enacted, which creates registration barriers that, for instance, require a Chinese partner organization to sign on. The reaction from the West has widely been that the space for NGOs to conduct
6989:(UFWD) of the CCP. Their original function was to create the impression that the PRC was being ruled by a diverse national front, not a one-party dictatorship. The major role of these parties is to attract and subsequently muzzle niches in society that have political tendencies, such as academia.
4206:
periods, the influence of people and groups outside the formal party structure has increased, particularly in the economic realm. Nevertheless, in all governmental institutions in the PRC, the party committees at all levels maintain a powerful and pivotal role in the administration. According to
4124:
stated the CCP's view: "Consultative democracy guarantees widespread and effective participation in politics through consultations carried out by political parties, peoples congresses, government departments, CPPCC committees, peoples organizations, communities, and social organizations". On the
7599:
Although NGO development in China is relatively slow compared to other countries, a Harvard University academic study reveals that China had NGOs as early as during the Dynasties. Specifically in the forms of American missionaries, which assisted in rural reconstruction programs and ideological
4093:
in that openly contested People's Congress elections are now held at the village and town levels, and that legislatures have shown some assertiveness from time to time, the CCP retains effective control over governmental appointments. This is because the CCP wins by default in most electorates.
7086:
7081:
12946:
The results suggest that when the survey was conducted in June and November 2020 between 50% and 70% of Chinese people supported the party. (This is an upper bound, say the researchers, because concerns about online surveillance may still have spooked some respondents into giving positive
7713:
The authoritarian government in China suppresses protests that challenge the authority of the government while showing greater tolerance for protests that are rooted in localized economic or social unrest. Under Xi Jinping's rule, the government has resorted to greater suppression.
6955:(NPCSC), its permanent body which meets regularly between NPC sessions. Most national legislation in China is adopted by the NPCSC. Most initiatives are presented to the NPCSC for consideration by the State Council after previous endorsement by the CCP Politburo Standing Committee.
7092:
7099:
7095:
7084:
7077:
6547:
4452:
4032:
during the 1980s and the devolution of much central government decision making, combined with the strong interest of local CCP officials in enriching themselves, has made it increasingly difficult for the central government to assert its authority.
7657:
began in the 1980s. There is no consensus and academic debates involve disagreements in the applicability of concepts like "civil society," "private sphere," and "state" in the Chinese context. Among the issues is that the terminology developed by
5974:
4640:
11657:
1585:
7678:
A 2013 study by Harvard University found that while the censorship exists, the purpose of the censorship is not to silence all comments made about the state or any particular issues, but rather to prevent and reduce the probability of
6588:
4493:
7195:
lose Chinese nationality. State functionaries and military personnel on active service are not permitted renounce their Chinese nationality. If a citizen wishes to resume PRC nationality, foreign nationality is no longer recognized.
734:
6581:
4486:
6959:
and state functions, with the former deciding general policy and the latter carrying it out. The attempt was abandoned in the 1990s with the result that the political leadership within the state are also the leaders of the CCP.
7576:
identified Chinese nationals serving in leadership position within international organizations signifies China's increasing involvement in the international arena. For instance, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU),
7483:
under the CCP in 1949, China joined the international community in providing foreign aid. In the past few decades, the international community has seen an increase in Chinese foreign aid. Specifically, a recent example is the
7101:
7083:
2847:
9199:
What is different, and underappreciated in the west, is the way Xi is inexorably and single-mindedly expanding draconian systems of social control centred on the Communist party and the de facto dictatorship of one man:
8867:
7104:
7726:
A 2009 study by academic Tony Sachs found that 95.9% of Chinese citizens were relatively satisfied or extremely satisfied with the central government, with the figure dropping to 61.5% for their local governments.
3593:
2159:
12346:
10789:
6378:
6314:
4863:
2576:
1607:
8986:
It was Mr Xi's first visit to North Korea since he and Mr Kim took the helm of their respective countries... It is not known what precisely the two dictators discussed once they retired to a guest house for
7506:, several of which involved the Sino-Russian border. Although the great majority of them are now resolved, China's territorial disputes have led to several localized wars in the last 50 years, including the
2605:
2275:
2592:
5879:
11429:
5980:
4646:
2113:
1476:
7683:. As the study illustrates, allowing social media to flourish also has allowed negative and positive comments about the state and its leaders to exist. According to another study, the development of
7417:". Nonetheless, crises in relations with foreign countries have occurred at various times in its recent history, particularly with the United States; e.g., the U.S. bombing of the Chinese embassy in
7094:
6310:
11173:
7741:
found that citizen satisfaction with the government had increased since 2003, also rating China's government as more effective and capable than ever before in the survey's history. A 2020 survey by
8674:
2139:
2100:
11688:
11645:
11623:
9145:
913:
13226:
6899:
4751:
2126:
1597:
1493:
707:
12447:
12305:
11493:
7093:
6115:
5187:
3913:. There are no freely elected national leaders, political opposition is suppressed, all religious activity is controlled by the CCP, dissent is not permitted, and civil rights are curtailed.
1472:
4227:
Chinese politics have long been defined by the competition between intra-party factions' ability to place key members and allies in positions of power within the CCP and Chinese government.
13348:
7749:
found that support for the CCP is between 50 and 70 percent, and that support for the government is typically overstated by almost 30 percent in citizen surveys. The same survey found that
6374:
6239:
4859:
2582:
716:
9186:
14675:
10647:
7103:
2501:
2169:
2144:
6928:
9109:
2087:
15312:
11281:
8796:
7102:
689:
9830:
8739:
8532:
11761:
8933:
3500:
991:
11849:"The Uyghur Minority in China: A Case Study of Cultural Genocide, Minority Rights and the Insufficiency of the International Legal Framework in Preventing State-Imposed Extinction"
10987:
11096:
10051:
4300:
2149:
1235:
7666:
society. The major groups in Habermasian theory include merchants, bankers, manufacturers, and entrepreneurs, which is not consistent with Chinese views of the "general public."
4261:
Xi Jinping, who became general secretary in 2012, has significantly centralized power, removing the influence of the old factions and promoting his allies, sometimes called the "
632:
12194:
10008:
9863:
8900:
8857:
2197:
11825:
5335:
4994:
3603:
3282:
2919:
1663:
1415:
12933:
11461:
17:
13170:
10180:
9375:
7585:, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and so on are all organizations that Chinese nationals are currently in position of (The memo is updated on a semi-annual basis).
6111:
5183:
3977:
1956:
1673:
1482:
725:
646:
8707:
2061:
1920:
1722:
15460:
13323:
13139:
12414:
7573:
6519:
4424:
4182:
2420:
1440:
1287:
1231:
807:
13192:
11218:
9922:
10405:
3316:
2892:
1790:
10490:
10137:
12328:
7723:
Chinese middle class are satisfied with the CCP and are among those who tend to credit it for the increase of living standards in China since reform and opening up.
7503:
7497:
2518:
12007:
10307:
9043:
10749:
7569:
7133:
2535:
2291:
948:
9798:
7088:
14568:
13221:
9965:
9076:
8973:
6952:
6903:
5883:
4755:
3608:
1712:
1658:
1581:
255:
11419:
10094:
5819:
1633:
1621:
1447:
825:
820:
815:
761:
12381:
11794:
8492:
14912:
14607:
13343:
13177:
12029:
Ascensão, Fernando; Fahrig, Lenore; Clevenger, Anthony P.; Corlett, Richard T.; Jaeger, Jochen A. G.; Laurance, William F.; Pereira, Henrique M. (May 2018).
11684:
6982:
6540:
6382:
6318:
4867:
4445:
4266:
4078:
3732:
2667:
2571:
2365:
1776:
1529:
1193:
1183:
698:
12973:
7227:, forced political indoctrination, destruction of cultural heritage, and forced abortions and sterilization. Critics of the policy have described it as the
15601:
11163:
7181:
6526:
5950:
4616:
4431:
4151:, which meets every five years. Meetings were irregular before the Cultural Revolution but have been periodic since then. The National Congress elects the
3925:
3186:
1326:
896:
568:
366:
62:
9570:
8664:
7098:
14715:
13279:
11718:
11680:
11653:
10536:
6558:
6051:
4463:
4284:
3649:
3437:
2942:
1952:
1260:
11613:
9135:
14640:
14526:
13247:
13081:
11883:
10934:
10696:
10347:
7608:
7582:
7022:
5994:
4660:
3536:
2657:
2301:
2227:
1761:
1539:
292:
11977:
14531:
13101:
12437:
12297:
11483:
7834:, the current general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and paramount leader of China, has been accused of drawing too much power to himself.
7798:
5956:
5620:
4622:
3995:
2647:
2032:
1466:
1371:
962:
802:
787:
97:
87:
9443:
14590:
13144:
13129:
11206:
11021:
10460:
10226:
8377:
Lee, Ching Kwan; Zhang, Yonghong (1 May 2013). "The Power of Instability: Unraveling the Microfoundations of Bargained Authoritarianism in China".
7734:(2017–2020), 95% of Chinese respondents have significant confidence in their government. Confidence decreased to 91% in the survey's 2022 edition.
7351:, the PRC has made it a precondition to establishing diplomatic relations that the other country acknowledges its claim to all of China, including
7140:
6839:
6825:
6513:
6509:
6300:
6055:
5823:
5701:
5687:
5329:
5319:
4988:
4978:
4418:
4414:
4164:
4152:
4148:
4057:
3891:
3887:
3635:
2296:
1969:
1271:
1200:
1189:
1179:
144:
134:
4077:
power over the country. The position of CCP General Secretary is the highest authority leading China's National People's Congress, State Council,
13267:
9168:
7594:
7551:
7355:, and severs any official ties with the Republic of China (ROC) government. The government actively opposes foreign government meetings with the
3894:. The NPC has unlimited state power bar the limitations it sets on itself. By controlling the NPC, the CCP has complete state power. China's two
3653:
3613:
2957:
2164:
1248:
941:
668:
359:
11397:
11367:
16005:
13648:
12274:
5506:
5311:
4970:
3368:
2750:
2154:
1692:
226:
12135:
9099:
15136:
11527:
10957:
10904:
10849:
10719:
10666:
10610:
10555:
10429:
10370:
10277:
7619:
7161:
5944:
5325:
5233:
4984:
4610:
2718:
1913:
1402:
1224:
614:
457:
449:
11273:
8819:
8786:
8729:
14794:
14031:
13755:
13165:
9820:
8514:
6119:
5191:
4156:
4108:. The CCP has also used other terms to officially describe China's system of government including "socialist consultative democracy", and
3639:
2988:
1879:
1462:
453:
184:
11742:
8923:
8646:
14041:
13182:
12332:
11559:
10998:
7461:, which honors not only Japanese World War II dead but also many convicted World War II war criminals, including 14 Class A convictions.
7430:
4251:
3841:
2852:
1925:
1534:
1170:
1057:
921:
11086:
10062:
14371:
13385:
13311:
13151:
8177:
6941:
5315:
4974:
4189:
2397:
2284:
1884:
1648:
1244:
637:
164:
10019:
9853:
9348:
9329:
8890:
5122:
5027:
4900:
4536:
13750:
13587:
13396:
11251:
7578:
6125:
5197:
2861:
2662:
2355:
2306:
1506:
11817:
9411:
14710:
14695:
14595:
14452:
14410:
13134:
13106:
12914:
11451:
7185:
7156:
6533:
4438:
4175:
3985:
3405:
3385:
2682:
2233:
1653:
1220:
891:
792:
593:
445:
154:
12715:"Rights Defence (weiquan), Microblogs (weibo), and the Surrounding Gaze (weiguan): The Rights Defence Movement Online and Offline"
10823:
10191:
9365:
9010:
8332:
Manion, Melanie (1 March 2017). ""Good Types" in Authoritarian Elections: The Selectoral Connection in Chinese Local Congresses".
6985:(CPPCC) but have to support the "leading role" of the CCP for their continued existence, and their leadership is appointed by the
16015:
15954:
13599:
13111:
9307:
8761:
7454:
3895:
3681:
3229:
2983:
1678:
1061:
11591:
8697:
4792:
4693:
4353:
4096:
The social, cultural, and political as well as economic consequences of market reform have created tensions in Chinese society.
3882:. The CCP leads state activities by holding two-thirds of the seats in the NPC, and these party members are, in accordance with
15465:
14616:
13944:
13681:
13074:
12076:
10351:
9473:
7519:
4147:
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) dominates the Chinese political landscape. Constitutionally, the party's highest body is the
4060:
holds ultimate power and authority over state and government. The offices of president, general secretary, and chairman of the
3709:
3645:
1908:
1867:
1076:
1070:
1042:
849:
12404:
7437:, which has been strained at times by Japan's refusal to acknowledge its wartime past to the satisfaction of the PRC, such as
3814:
15317:
14705:
13767:
13745:
13047:
12889:
12820:
12783:
12377:
12161:
12117:
11945:
11327:
11199:
11138:
11067:
9933:
9769:
9725:
9664:
9616:
9277:
9233:
8569:
8263:
8131:
8089:
8046:
8003:
7956:
7913:
7870:
5962:
4628:
3128:
3077:
2373:
1204:
1049:
680:
11932:, United Nations University Series on Regionalism, vol. 17, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 177–191,
9530:
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9500:
8428:
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7370:(EAS) framework as a forum for regional security issues that pointedly excluded the United States. The EAS, which includes
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5013:
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3568:
3519:
3515:
3505:
3390:
2869:
2270:
2258:
2252:
1683:
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14051:
13800:
13274:
13158:
12199:
11999:
11903:
10819:
10638:"Politburo newcomer and Xi protégé confirmed as China's new propaganda chief before presenting summary of party congress"
10318:
9033:
7190:
Nationality is granted at birth to children with at least one Chinese-national parent, with some exceptions. In general,
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7059:
6843:
6829:
6712:
6562:
6449:
5705:
5691:
4467:
4196:
4109:
4105:
4061:
3673:
3491:
3486:
2772:
2766:
1947:
1903:
1254:
838:
376:
174:
10938:
10760:
10700:
8622:
4339:
15974:
14580:
14415:
13795:
13353:
12799:
Dubravčíková, Klára (2023). "Living Standards and Social Issues". In Kironska, Kristina; Turscanyi, Richard Q. (eds.).
9788:
8287:
Landry, Pierre F.; Davis, Deborah; Wang, Shiru (1 June 2010). "Elections in Rural China: Competition Without Parties".
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6968:
6439:
5968:
5392:
4778:
4634:
3737:
3461:
3361:
3199:
3143:
2807:
2801:
2618:
2207:
1668:
1568:
1150:
30:
9976:
9066:
8955:
4278:
Members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
2180:
14425:
14402:
14366:
14222:
14217:
14014:
13377:
13318:
13067:
12849:
12662:
12565:
12527:
12499:
12234:
11614:"China accused of genocide over forced abortions of Uighur Muslim women as escapees reveal widespread sexual torture"
8608:
7457:. Another point of conflict between the two countries is the frequent visits by Japanese government officials to the
7387:
7051:
6945:
6769:
6182:
5631:
5449:
5153:
5089:
4567:
4246:, while the Shanghai Clique were thought to be officials that rose to prominence under Jiang Zemin when he was first
4086:
3989:
3981:
3775:
3757:
3742:
3714:
2457:
2452:
2445:
2414:
1120:
575:
512:
10105:
15393:
15388:
15163:
14700:
14356:
13762:
12631:
12369:
11784:
9407:
8474:
7760:
Survey data compiled by academic Bruce Dickson concludes that approximately 70% of China's population supports the
6735:
6678:
6621:
6405:
6262:
6205:
6148:
6017:
5785:
5654:
5586:
5472:
5358:
4679:
4216:
2967:
2789:
2703:
2508:
15383:
15131:
14875:
14804:
14361:
14089:
14056:
13929:
13737:
13301:
12963:
7684:
7547:
7414:
7337:
7204:
6994:
6571:
4476:
4243:
3834:
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11087:"Party-state relations under China's Communist Party: separation of powers, control over government and reforms"
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Kent, Ann (2013), Zhang, Yongjin; Austin, Greg (eds.), "China's participation in international organisations",
11646:"Menendez, Cornyn Introduce Bipartisan Resolution to Designate Uyghur Human Rights Abuses by China as Genocide"
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occur only at the local level, not the national level, with all candidate nominations controlled by the CCP.
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to transfer the seat from the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan to the People's Republic of China (PRC).
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Gasper, Donald (1982), Nelson, Daniel; White, Stephen (eds.), "The Chinese National People's Congress",
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The PRC maintains diplomatic relations with most countries in the world. In 1971, the PRC replaced the
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officially asserts to be the sole legitimate government of all of China, which it defines as including
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While China faced West : American reformers in Nationalist China, 1928–1937. James C. Thomson, Jr
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in April 2001. China's foreign relations with many Western nations suffered for a time following the
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and security pacts amongst its Asia-Pacific neighbours. In 2004, the PRC proposed an entirely new
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of oversight of local government and elect members to the Provincial (or Municipal in the case of
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12997:"Do Chinese Citizens Conceal Opposition to the CCP in Surveys? Evidence from Two Experiments"
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11818:"Xinjiang government confirms huge birth rate drop but denies forced sterilization of women"
11785:"On Xinjiang, even those wary of Holocaust comparisons are reaching for the word "genocide""
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Members of the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
4178:, consisting of 22 full members (including the members of the Politburo Standing Committee);
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12964:"When Chinese citizens are surveyed anonymously, support for party and government plummets"
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10582:"Brief introduction of vice chairpersons, secretary-general of 14th NPC Standing Committee"
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The nature of the elections is highly constrained by the CCP's monopoly on power in China,
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The office of the President is largely powerless, with the powers and functions under the
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This article is about the politics of the People's Republic of China. For other uses, see
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Remaking the Chinese Leviathan: Market Transition and the Politics of Governance in China
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4269:, in which Xi's allies dominated the new Politburo and the Politburo Standing Committee.
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12658:"How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression"
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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The Dragon Roars Back: Transformational Leaders and Dynamics of Chinese Foreign Policy
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Part II of summary of Zhou Tianyong's 2004 book Reform of the Chinese Political System
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7255:. The Chinese government denies it is committing human rights violations in Xinjiang.
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12298:"Civil society in China: A snapshot of discourses, legislation, and social realities"
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Part I of summary of Zhou Tianyong's 2004 book Reform of the Chinese Political System
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Today, not only is China a part of many UN organizations, it is also one of the five
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comments made by prominent Japanese officials, and insufficient details given to the
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In 2020, widespread public reporting detailed the Chinese government's pattern of
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in 1949. The Republic of China has since undergone significant political reforms.
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in a political capacity, as the spokesperson for a separatist movement in Tibet.
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4167:, which is the highest-ranking official within the Party and usually the Chinese
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10527:"China puts scientist in charge of Communist Party's human resources department"
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Moreover, Xi is deploying cutting-edge technology to reinforce his dictatorship.
8787:"'Dictator for life': Xi Jinping's power grab condemned as step towards tyranny"
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that carries out the task of supreme military leadership over the armed forces.
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Developmental Peace: Theorizing China's Approach to International Peacebuilding
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4242:. The Tuanpai were thought to be cadres and officials that originated from the
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2018:
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12329:"Civil Society Work in China:: Trade-Offs and Opportunities for European NGOs"
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Populist Authoritarianism: Chinese Political Culture and Regime Sustainability
7522:, which ended the conflict. Other territorial disputes include islands in the
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Constitutionally, the supreme state authority and legislature of China is the
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4010:. This has been disputed by the Republic of China (ROC) government since the
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11360:"Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China | Immigration Department"
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National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
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Xian dai hua de xian jing : dang dai Zhongguo de jing ji she hui wen ti
7386:, held its inaugural summit in 2005. China is also a founding member of the
3924:, and party control over elections. According to academic Rory Truex of the
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Carter, Erin Baggott; Carter, Brett L.; Schick, Stephen (10 January 2024).
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Scott-Smith, Giles (2020), Hosli, Madeleine O.; Selleslaghs, Joren (eds.),
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1979:
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11274:"Explainer: How Seats in China's National People's Congress Are Allocated"
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4052:. In March 2018, the NPC removed the term limits for the presidency. As a
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11484:"China's Oppression of the Uighurs 'The Equivalent of Cultural Genocide'"
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was elected President of the People's Republic of China on 14 March 2013.
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have been held simultaneously by one individual since 1993, granting the
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11914:, December 2005 and January 2006, Issue No. 134. Accessed 22 April 2006.
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11319:
11200:"Magic Weapons: China's political influence activities under Xi Jinping"
8730:"Who's Who in China's New Communist Party Leadership Lineup – Bloomberg"
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Office of the Central Integrated Military-Civilian Development Committee
4494:
Office of the Central Integrated Military-Civilian Development Committee
2276:
State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense
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8665:"End to term limits at top 'may be start of global backlash for China'"
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Responsive Authoritarianism in China: Land, Protests, and Policy Making
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Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission
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12405:"Free speech risky as China keeps close tabs on its overseas students"
11681:"British lawmakers call for sanctions over Uighur human rights abuses"
11018:"Zhang Youxia -- Vice Chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission"
7057:
Click any region for more info. For a larger version of this map, see
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9067:"China Is Likely to Enter Another Long Period of Severe Dictatorship"
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Central Leading Group for Network Security and Information Technology
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Central Leading Group for Network Security and Information Technology
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The Chinese constitution describes China's system of government as a
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10457:"He Weidong -- Vice Chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission"
9821:"China's 20th Party Congress Leadership Reshuffle: Stasis or Sweep?"
9314:, Lohmar & Somwaru, USDA Economic Research Service, 1 May 2006.
5238:
4305:
15657:
15483:
15476:
14789:
12968:
12771:
11586:
10983:
10745:
10486:
10410:
10303:
10176:
10133:
10090:
10047:
10004:
9961:
9918:
9305:"Does China's Land-Tenure System Discourage Structural Adjustment?"
9005:
8766:
8392:
7418:
7321:
7252:
7232:
6877:
6632:
6352:
5921:
5902:
5857:
5426:
5369:
4803:
4547:
4528:
4255:
3473:
2262:
2244:
2067:
2011:
1780:
1386:
1343:
1303:
702:
627:
437:
319:
11816:
Ivan Watson, Rebecca Wright and Ben Westcott (21 September 2020).
9169:"The Chinese export we really should be worried about: repression"
8698:"Xi Jinping's power play: from president to China's new dictator?"
13912:
13907:
13902:
13659:
12442:
11120:
China Versus the West: The Global Power Shift of the 21st Century
7220:
7166:
6803:
6487:
6416:
5540:
5483:
5038:
4704:
4384:
4364:
4235:
4069:
3999:
2834:
533:
495:
240:
11517:"Fear and oppression in Xinjiang: China's war on Uighur culture"
9854:"China shuffles leadership committee and retains many Xi allies"
9597:
The Long Game: China's Grand Strategy to Displace American Order
8858:"Dictatorship nearly destroyed China once. Will it do so again?"
7324:
is an example of China's international development involvements.
7308:
status of the PRC is closely watched by international observers.
5975:
Central Leading Group for Climate Change and Emissions Reduction
4641:
Central Leading Group for Climate Change and Emissions Reduction
4028:, and social diversity frustrate attempts to rule from Beijing.
15578:
13036:
Advantage China: Agent of Change in an Era of Global Disruption
12480:
High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy
11743:"U.S. Says China Is Committing Genocide Against Uighur Muslims"
11017:
10953:
10930:
10900:
10875:
10845:
10815:
10785:
10715:
10692:
10662:
10606:
10581:
10551:
10456:
10425:
10401:"Xi Jinping's New Economic Team and Government Re-organization"
10400:
10366:
10343:
10273:
10248:
9438:
8515:"The West once dreamed of democracy taking root in rural China"
8424:"Juking the Stats? Authoritarian Information Problems in China"
7531:
7413:
Much of the current foreign policy is based on the concept of "
7391:
7352:
7273:
7005:, which have their headquarters outside of the mainland China.
6973:
No legal political opposition groups exist in China. There are
6273:
5739:
5665:
5621:
Office of the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission
5289:
5270:
4911:
4892:
4114:
4015:
3135:
2926:
2899:
1728:
1421:
1408:
1355:
1318:
1311:
1092:
12586:"Theoretical Poverty in the Research on Chinese Civil Society"
12438:"China Briefing Part 3: Civil society - The land of the Gongo"
12028:
10876:"Brief introductions of members of CPC central leading bodies"
10344:"Brief introductions of members of CPC central leading bodies"
9434:"The Development of Socialist Consultative Democracy in China"
9265:
The Party and the People: Chinese Politics in the 21st Century
9034:"Opinion: Xi Jinping – Today's chairman, tomorrow's dictator?"
8924:"Emasculate America: The dictator's plan for world domination"
2920:
Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization
1921:
State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission
13690:
11550:"China cuts Uighur births with IUDs, abortion, sterilization"
9001:"China's war on words show Xi Jinping is a dictator for life"
7691:
has also allowed certain civil society advocacy, such as the
7375:
6746:
6689:
6089:
6028:
5796:
5133:
4159:(CCDI); the Central Committee in turn elects bodies such as:
3998:
of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the government in
3903:
3855:
3573:
3176:
7757:
and that minorities tend to conceal their views of the CCP.
4234:
and Hu Jintao, the two main factions were thought to be the
12195:
United States–China Economic and Security Review Commission
12031:"Environmental challenges for the Belt and Road Initiative"
10637:
10526:
10216:
9885:
9858:
9789:"'One party, two coalitions' -- China's factional politics"
8891:"A deepening dictatorship promises a grim future for China"
8762:"China new leaders: Xi Jinping heads line-up for politburo"
8603:(Di 1 ban ed.). Beijing: Jin ri Zhongguo chu ban she.
8475:"'We Have a Fake Election': China Disrupts Local Campaigns"
3886:, responsible for implementing the policies adopted by the
12098:
Kironska, Kristina; Turcsanyi, Richard Q. (10 July 2023).
9748:(ed.), "Factional politics in the Party-state apparatus",
9645:
Mao and Markets: The Communist Roots of Chinese Enterprise
7583:
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
3978:
List of national leaders of the People's Republic of China
2893:
Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture
11821:
11711:"Committee News Release – October 21, 2020 – SDIR (43–2)"
9793:
8820:"Under Xi Jinping, China is turning back to dictatorship"
7244:
12915:"China's leaders are less popular than they might think"
12656:
King, Gary; Pan, Jennifer; Roberts, Margaret E. (2013).
7653:
Within China, academic debate regarding theories of the
7588:
5336:
Office of the General Secretary of the Central Committee
4995:
Office of the General Secretary of the Central Committee
12776:
The New China Playbook: Beyond Socialism and Capitalism
12520:
China's Revolution and the Quest for a Socialist Future
12403:
Sotoudeh, Nazpari; Stefano, Erica (29 September 2021).
11452:"'Cultural genocide' for repressed minority of Uighurs"
8242:
Geddes, Barbara; Wright, Joseph; Frantz, Erica (2018).
7433:. A much troubled foreign relationship is that between
7362:
The PRC has been playing a leading role in calling for
12133:
Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation
7520:
Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation
7498:
Territorial disputes of the People's Republic of China
7247:, human rights experts, government officials, and the
6582:
Leading Group for National Defence and Military Reform
4487:
Leading Group for National Defence and Military Reform
16064:
11685:
International Consortium of Investigative Journalists
11296:
8034:
Civil Society under Authoritarianism: The China Model
7983:
7491:
7134:
List of wars involving the People's Republic of China
6541:
Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Work
4446:
Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Work
2366:
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
11308:
Active Defense: China's Military Strategy since 1949
6527:
Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission
5951:
Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission
4617:
Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission
4432:
Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission
3926:
Princeton School of Public and International Affairs
3187:
Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs
735:
Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members
12554:
Red Tourism in China: Commodification of Propaganda
12190:"PRC Representation in International Organizations"
11930:
The Changing Global Order: Challenges and Prospects
11654:
United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
11390:"Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China"
11054:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 160–190,
8653:, EXECUTIVE: THE PRESIDENT OF THE CHINESE REPUBLIC.
4215:which coordinate activities of different agencies.
3878:and only branch of government per the principle of
3438:
Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits
1674:
Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation
12994:
12913:
12154:Power and Responsibility in Chinese Foreign Policy
11741:
11515:
8829:
8663:Shi, Jiangtao; Huang, Kristin (26 February 2018).
8241:
8199:Gandhi, Jennifer; Lust-Okar, Ellen (1 June 2009).
7609:government-organized non-governmental organization
7574:U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission
6983:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
6383:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
6319:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
4868:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
12302:Dialogue of Civilization (DOC) Research Institute
12097:
11740:Gordon, Michael R.; Xiao, Eva (19 January 2021).
11582:"China 'using birth control' to suppress Uighurs"
11052:Communist Legislatures in Comparative Perspective
9750:Routledge Handbook of the Chinese Communist Party
8168:"China: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report"
7182:Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China
7143:." The CCP and the state jointly established the
5957:Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission
4623:Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission
63:National Emblem of the People's Republic of China
16112:
12370:"How China's united front system works overseas"
11776:
11207:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
10128:
10126:
9366:"Constitution of the People's Republic of China"
7579:International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
7530:, and undefined or disputed borders with India,
7336:and as one of the five permanent members of the
7175:
6440:Office of the Central Foreign Affairs Commission
4058:general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
12402:
11733:
10935:State Council of the People's Republic of China
10697:State Council of the People's Republic of China
10348:State Council of the People's Republic of China
9494:
9136:"China Now Faces the Downsides of Dictatorship"
8286:
8198:
7595:List of non-governmental organizations in China
7572:of the UN Security Council. A memo done by the
7070:
5995:State Council of the People's Republic of China
5253:
4661:State Council of the People's Republic of China
4272:
3614:State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs
18:Politics of the People's Republic of China
12655:
12104:(1 ed.). London: Routledge. p. 225.
10042:
10040:
7541:
7518:in 1979. In 2001, China and Russia signed the
5507:Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission
2841:Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police
839:"People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1)
88:Constitution of the People's Republic of China
15673:
15326:
13675:
13075:
11164:"Are there other political parties in China?"
10123:
9913:
9911:
7620:All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce
7029:and the heads of ministries and commissions.
6923:
5945:Central Institutional Organisation Commission
4611:Central Institutional Organisation Commission
3906:, are nominally autonomous from this system.
3835:
2958:National Press and Publication Administration
1659:Education, Science, Culture and Public Health
13166:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
12798:
11250:, Central Intelligence Agency, 27 May 2023,
11117:
10249:"Chen Jining appointed Shanghai Party chief"
9999:
9997:
9488:
9358:
8644:Krishna Kanta Handique State Open University
7611:(GONGOs) that are organized under the CCP's
7607:Many NGOs in the PRC have been described as
6975:eight minor political parties in the country
6120:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
5192:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
4157:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
3537:International Development Cooperation Agency
2989:National Radio and Television Administration
2155:Reform & Organizational Structure Office
1885:National Development & Reform Commission
1463:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
1327:Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission
185:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
12333:German Institute of Global and Area Studies
11923:
10395:
10037:
9956:
9954:
9639:
8956:"Kim Jong Un entertains Xi Jinping at home"
7431:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
7045:
6889:
6815:
6758:
6701:
6644:
6499:
6428:
6364:
6285:
6228:
6171:
6101:
6040:
5933:
5869:
5808:
5751:
5677:
5609:
5552:
5495:
5438:
5381:
5301:
5173:
5140:
5078:
5045:
4960:
4918:
4849:
4810:
4741:
4711:
4599:
4554:
4404:
4371:
4112:. According to the CCP theoretical journal
3909:The Chinese political system is considered
1762:State Council (Central People's Government)
1372:Financial & Economic Affairs Commission
15680:
15666:
13682:
13668:
13082:
13068:
12712:
12583:
12473:
12471:
12469:
12467:
12465:
12326:
11968:"China's Massive Belt and Road Initiative"
11739:
11703:
11672:
11638:
11118:Tselichtchev, Ivan, ed. (2 January 2012).
10454:
9908:
9706:Factionalism in Chinese Communist Politics
7198:
6993:suppressed by the government, such as the
6574:of the Central Military Commission of the
4479:of the Central Military Commission of the
4129:China was 2023 the second least electoral
3842:
3828:
850:Constitutional oath of office (Article 27)
13010:
12732:
12340:
12171:
12142:(21 March 2006). Retrieved 16 April 2006.
11864:
11015:
10085:
10083:
9994:
8852:
8817:
8473:Hernández, Javier C. (15 November 2016).
8472:
8441:
8218:
7897:
6126:Central Leading Group for Inspection Work
5981:State Council Leading Party Members Group
5213:
5198:Central Leading Group for Inspection Work
4647:State Council Leading Party Members Group
3594:International Military Cooperation Office
2862:Office for Safeguarding National Security
1507:Central Leading Group for Inspection Work
865:Highest state organ of power (Article 57)
12513:
12511:
12367:
11846:
11809:
11161:
10635:
10171:
10169:
9951:
9398:"Full Text: China: Democracy That Works"
8784:
8695:
8662:
8376:
8220:10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.060106.095434
8074:Heurlin, Christopher (27 October 2016).
7988:; Plattner, Marc F. (1 September 2013).
7898:Mattingly, Daniel C. (5 December 2019).
7753:are more supportive of the CCP than are
7646:Academic debates on whether China has a
7311:
7272:
7186:Regional ethnic autonomy system of China
7160:
6927:
6857:
6783:
6726:
6669:
6612:
6534:Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs
6467:
6396:
6332:
6253:
6196:
6139:
6069:
6008:
5901:
5837:
5776:
5719:
5645:
5577:
5520:
5463:
5406:
5349:
5269:
5113:
5018:
4891:
4783:
4684:
4527:
4439:Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs
4344:
3986:Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
3406:Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs
3386:Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
2234:National Defense Mobilization Commission
1441:Office of the Central Secrecy Commission
13033:
12961:
12957:
12955:
12766:
12764:
12762:
12760:
12651:
12649:
12579:
12577:
12517:
12462:
12258:
12256:
12254:
12220:
12184:
12182:
11926:"The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation"
11080:
11078:
9261:
9166:
9133:
8921:
8888:
8421:
8116:
8073:
7032:
6942:president of the Supreme People's Court
4222:
3682:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
2751:CCP Central Politics and Law Commission
2431:People's Procuratorates Judicial Police
855:Protection of human rights (Article 33)
14:
16113:
14617:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
12547:
12545:
12543:
12541:
12539:
12435:
12417:from the original on 29 September 2021
11828:from the original on 27 September 2020
11782:
11678:
11302:
11049:
11045:
11043:
10080:
9743:
9466:"Socialist Consultative Democracy_参考网"
9097:
8331:
3710:China and the World Trade Organization
3646:Visa requirements for Chinese citizens
2783:Public Security Organs People's Police
1077:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
15661:
13663:
13089:
13063:
12829:
12801:Contemporary China: a New Superpower?
12792:
12508:
12477:
12378:Australian Strategic Policy Institute
12327:Lang, Bertram; Holbig, Heike (2018).
12101:Contemporary China: A New Superpower?
11660:from the original on 26 December 2020
11562:from the original on 16 December 2020
11400:from the original on 11 December 2021
11254:from the original on 20 December 2021
11194:
10982:
10744:
10485:
10302:
10175:
10166:
10132:
10089:
10046:
10003:
9960:
9917:
9866:from the original on 16 November 2022
9782:
9780:
9739:
9737:
9703:
9591:
9257:
9255:
9253:
9065:Cohen, Jerome A. (28 February 2018).
9064:
9046:from the original on 16 November 2021
8903:from the original on 12 February 2021
8799:from the original on 29 November 2021
8677:from the original on 27 February 2018
8596:
8553:
8098:from the original on 17 November 2023
8055:from the original on 17 November 2023
8030:
8012:from the original on 17 November 2023
7965:from the original on 17 November 2023
7901:The Art of Political Control in China
7854:
7662:was developed in discourse on German
7589:Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
7223:. These abuses include forced labor,
7157:Law of the People's Republic of China
5963:Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission
4629:Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission
3129:Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission
3078:Overseas censorship of Chinese issues
2818:State Security Organs People's Police
2374:Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
2307:CMC Leading Group for Military Reform
2140:Politics and Legal Affairs Commission
175:Central Military Commission
15687:
12976:from the original on 31 January 2024
12952:
12936:from the original on 16 January 2024
12864:
12835:
12757:
12646:
12574:
12396:
12349:from the original on 16 January 2024
12295:
12251:
12179:
12151:
12145:
11797:from the original on 23 October 2020
11764:from the original on 19 January 2021
11721:from the original on 24 October 2020
11691:from the original on 5 December 2020
11626:from the original on 8 December 2019
11496:from the original on 21 January 2020
11412:
11370:from the original on 13 January 2023
11284:from the original on 25 October 2022
11188:
11075:
9503:from the original on 8 December 2022
9211:
9189:from the original on 21 October 2021
9031:
8999:Mair, Victor H. (28 February 2018).
8998:
8870:from the original on 6 November 2020
8818:Anderlini, Jamil (11 October 2017).
8742:from the original on 24 October 2014
8535:from the original on 5 November 2021
8495:from the original on 5 November 2021
8429:British Journal of Political Science
7940:
7636:All-China Federation of Trade Unions
7258:
5763:Guangdong Provincial Party Committee
3935:
3569:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
3391:Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement
15313:Major Historical and Cultural Sites
12962:Wachtel, Ileana (29 January 2024).
12770:
12551:
12536:
12450:from the original on 1 October 2022
11960:
11881:Perseverance will pay off at the UN
11840:
11783:Steger, Isabella (20 August 2020).
11574:
11271:
11155:
11040:
9833:from the original on 3 January 2023
9801:from the original on 3 January 2023
9786:
9633:
9553:"What party control means in China"
9545:
9167:Tisdall, Simon (23 November 2018).
9112:from the original on 17 August 2019
9032:Hein, Matthias (26 February 2018).
8235:
6713:Chongqing Municipal Party Committee
6240:Xinjiang Provincial Party Committee
5263:
4328:
4099:
3674:National Immigration Administration
2719:Federation of Industry and Commerce
2356:Anti-corruption campaign since 2012
2114:National Defense Mobilization Dept.
915:General Principles of the Civil Law
24:
14451:
13689:
12713:Biao, Teng; Mosher, Stacy (2012).
12492:10.1093/oso/9780197682258.001.0001
12384:from the original on 13 April 2022
12262:
11890:, The Taipei Times, 22 August 2004
11679:Alecci, Scilla (14 October 2020).
11530:from the original on 14 April 2020
11508:
11476:
11464:from the original on 25 April 2020
11444:
11432:from the original on 22 April 2020
11162:Baptista, Eduardo (11 June 2021).
11084:
10225:. 21 November 2022. Archived from
9777:
9734:
9609:10.1093/oso/9780197527917.001.0001
9573:from the original on 11 March 2023
9426:
9250:
9134:Feldman, Noah (27 February 2018).
8785:Phillips, Tom (26 February 2018).
8770:. 15 November 2012. Archived from
8206:Annual Review of Political Science
8201:"Elections Under Authoritarianism"
8192:
8148:from the original on 7 August 2022
7717:
7504:international territorial disputes
7492:International territorial disputes
7219:in its continuing maltreatment of
7066:
6969:List of political parties in China
6862:
6788:
6734:
6731:
6677:
6674:
6620:
6584:of the Central Military Commission
6404:
6261:
6204:
6147:
6016:
6013:
5969:Central Foreign Affairs Commission
5906:
5842:
5784:
5781:
5724:
5653:
5650:
5585:
5582:
5471:
5468:
5411:
5393:Shanghai Municipal Party Committee
5357:
5354:
5274:
5121:
5026:
4899:
4635:Central Foreign Affairs Commission
4535:
4489:of the Central Military Commission
4136:
3462:Central Foreign Affairs Commission
3144:Cyberspace Administration of China
1151:Two Establishes and Two Safeguards
105:Leading force of state and society
31:Politics of China (disambiguation)
25:
16132:
14608:Political Consultative Conference
13344:Political Consultative Conference
12663:American Political Science Review
12277:from the original on 8 March 2023
12079:from the original on 18 June 2021
11899:Dillon, Dana and John Tkacik Jr,
11594:from the original on 29 June 2020
11224:from the original on 12 June 2020
10884:. 24 October 2022. Archived from
10350:. 24 October 2022. Archived from
10257:. 28 October 2022. Archived from
9851:
9446:from the original on 9 March 2017
9148:from the original on 8 March 2021
9013:from the original on 23 July 2021
8976:from the original on 9 March 2021
8936:from the original on 8 March 2021
8710:from the original on 4 March 2018
8578:from the original on 8 March 2023
8180:from the original on 24 July 2023
8031:Teets, Jessica C. (9 June 2014).
7922:from the original on 8 March 2023
7879:from the original on 8 March 2023
7830:Recently, as of April 2020,
7557:
7388:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
7293:, wave from the White House. The
7052:Administrative divisions of China
6932:Political Consultative Conference
6770:Vice Premier of the State Council
6617:
6472:
6401:
6337:
6258:
6201:
6183:Vice Premier of the State Council
6144:
6074:
5632:Vice Premier of the State Council
5525:
5450:Tianjin Municipal Party Committee
5118:
5090:Vice Premier of the State Council
5023:
4896:
4788:
4689:
4532:
4349:
4079:Political Consultative Conference
3990:Generations of Chinese leadership
3982:Political position ranking of PRC
3715:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
2572:Political Consultative Conference
2160:Int'l Military Cooperation Office
2145:Science and Technology Commission
2101:Training and Administration Dept.
1948:Central Military Commission (CMC)
1121:Scientific Outlook on Development
845:Democratic centralism (Article 3)
16098:
16086:
16074:
16048:
16039:
16038:
15394:Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty
15389:Four Masters of the Ming dynasty
13191:
13027:
12988:
12906:
12858:
12706:
12634:from the original on 15 May 2021
12436:French, Paul (4 February 2012).
12429:
12368:Fedasiuk, Ryan (13 April 2022).
12361:
12320:
12308:from the original on 3 June 2021
12289:
12265:"China's Emerging Civil Society"
12214:
12202:from the original on 14 May 2021
12126:
12091:
12022:
12010:from the original on 18 May 2022
11992:
11980:from the original on 26 May 2022
11917:
11893:
11873:
11606:
11176:from the original on 8 June 2022
11099:from the original on 28 May 2023
9892:. 7 October 2013. Archived from
9533:from the original on 4 June 2020
9476:from the original on 14 May 2018
9414:from the original on 4 June 2023
9408:State Council Information Office
9378:from the original on 2 July 2023
9079:from the original on 6 June 2021
7941:Tang, Wenfang (4 January 2016).
7641:
7008:
6981:system. They participate in the
6962:
6944:, and procurator general of the
5107:
5012:
4885:
4777:
4678:
4521:
4338:
4110:whole-process people's democracy
4106:people's democratic dictatorship
3940:
3802:
2968:State Council Information Office
2790:State Immigration Administration
2206:
2196:
2179:
2127:Discipline Inspection Commission
1649:Supervisory and Judicial Affairs
860:Freedom of religion (Article 36)
553:
56:
15384:Four Paragons of the Early Tang
14581:Political parties and movements
13945:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
13930:Northern and Southern dynasties
13302:National Supervisory Commission
12296:Kuhn, Berthold (11 June 2019).
12156:, ANU Press, pp. 132–166,
11542:
11382:
11352:
11272:Wei, Changhao (29 March 2022).
11265:
11236:
11111:
10976:
10937:. 13 March 2023. Archived from
10931:"Zhang Guoqing -- Vice premier"
10923:
10868:
10838:
10808:
10792:. 11 March 2023. Archived from
10778:
10738:
10699:. 13 March 2023. Archived from
10685:
10629:
10590:. 11 March 2023. Archived from
10574:
10535:. 27 April 2023. Archived from
10519:
10479:
10448:
10389:
10336:
10296:
10241:
10209:
9886:"Chinese Government Leadership"
9878:
9845:
9813:
9787:Lai, Alexis (24 October 2012).
9697:
9585:
9523:"Backgrounder: 中国共产党第十九届中央领导机构"
9515:
9458:
9390:
9339:
9320:
9298:
9286:from the original on 8 May 2024
9205:
9160:
9127:
9091:
9058:
9025:
8992:
8948:
8922:Stelzer, Irwin (4 March 2018).
8915:
8889:Carrico, Kevin (2 April 2018).
8882:
8846:
8811:
8778:
8754:
8722:
8689:
8656:
8637:
8625:from the original on 8 May 2024
8590:
8554:Truex, Rory (28 October 2016).
8547:
8507:
8466:
8415:
8370:
8325:
8280:
7855:Truex, Rory (28 October 2016).
7824:
7812:
7791:
7479:After the establishment of the
7338:United Nations Security Council
7205:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
7150:
7113:
6995:Maoist Communist Party of China
6572:Joint Operations Command Center
4477:Joint Operations Command Center
4244:Communist Youth League of China
3619:Overseas Chinese Affairs Office
3004:China Global Television Network
2984:Ministry of Culture and Tourism
2848:Bureau of Prison Administration
2408:People's Courts Judicial Police
2335:National Supervisory Commission
1416:Office of the General Secretary
418:National Supervisory Commission
16006:British Indian Ocean Territory
13319:Supreme People's Procuratorate
13178:Provincial standing committees
12734:10.4000/chinaperspectives.5943
12221:Thomson, James Claude (1969).
10693:"Liu Guozhong -- Vice premier"
9212:Yang, Dali L. (28 July 2004).
9100:"Great Countries, Bad Leaders"
9098:Patten, Chris (30 July 2019).
8696:Phillips, Tom (4 March 2018).
8160:
8110:
8067:
8024:
7996:Johns Hopkins University Press
7977:
7934:
7891:
7848:
7464:
6946:Supreme People's Procuratorate
6865:
6791:
6475:
6340:
6077:
5909:
5845:
5727:
5528:
5414:
5277:
4791:
4692:
4352:
4087:Supreme People's Procuratorate
3896:special administrative regions
3858:, politics functions within a
3738:China–European Union relations
3230:Special administrative regions
2415:Supreme People's Procuratorate
1654:Financial and Economic Affairs
513:Supreme People's Procuratorate
13:
1:
11085:Ma, Josephine (17 May 2021).
9744:Zhiyue, Bo (18 August 2017),
8380:American Journal of Sociology
8335:Comparative Political Studies
8290:Comparative Political Studies
7841:
7176:Nationality and ethnicity law
4125:other hand, according to the
3758:China–United States relations
3743:China–Latin America relations
3604:NPC Foreign Affairs Committee
3200:HK & Macau Affairs Office
2943:Central Propaganda Department
2795:Local public security bureaus
2170:Offices Administration Agency
1679:Agriculture and Rural Affairs
14686:Ministry of National Defense
14025:Chinese Communist Revolution
13366:United Front Work Department
12522:. New York, NY: 1804 Books.
12478:Zhang, Angela Huyue (2024).
11973:Council on Foreign Relations
11938:10.1007/978-3-030-21603-0_10
10455:Jiayao, Li (11 March 2023).
9072:Council on Foreign Relations
8123:The World According to China
7705:Protest and dissent in China
7564:China and the United Nations
7415:China's peaceful development
7342:China and the United Nations
6987:United Front Work Department
6656:Beijing City Party Committee
6520:National Security Commission
6297:United Front Work Department
5564:Premier of the State Council
4425:National Security Commission
4273:Politburo Standing Committee
4183:Politburo Standing Committee
4044:, serving as the ceremonial
3876:highest organ of state power
3866:under the leadership of the
3705:China and the United Nations
3609:CCP International Department
3589:Ministry of National Defense
3516:Diplomatic missions of China
3376:Taiwan independence movement
3097:Publishing industry in China
2630:United Front Work Department
2475:Regular Disciplined Services
2465:Law enforcement in Hong Kong
2271:Ministry of Veterans Affairs
2253:Ministry of National Defense
1288:National Security Commission
1128:Harmonious Socialist Society
1019:Death sentence with reprieve
993:Administrative Procedure Law
192:Highest organ of state power
7:
15349:Flowers of the Four Seasons
15334:Four Treasures of the Study
14953:Water supply and sanitation
14681:Central Military Commission
14676:Outline of military history
14426:Province-level subdivisions
13275:Central Military Commission
12263:Ye, Zhang (1 August 2003).
11124:John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
11060:10.1007/978-1-349-06086-3_7
11016:Li Jiayao (11 March 2023).
10820:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
9704:Huang, Jing (3 July 2000).
8422:Wallace, Jeremy L. (2016).
7767:
7698:
7673:
7631:prepare a formal response.
7542:International organizations
7512:Sino-Soviet border conflict
7145:Central Military Commission
6844:Central Military Commission
6830:Central Military Commission
6563:Central Military Commission
6450:Minister of Foreign Affairs
5706:Central Military Commission
5692:Central Military Commission
4468:Central Military Commission
4197:Central Military Commission
4062:Central Military Commission
3931:
3864:system of people's congress
3697:Community of Common Destiny
3487:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3357:Republic of China on Taiwan
2767:Ministry of Public Security
2088:Equipment Development Dept.
1255:Central Military Commission
377:Central Military Commission
78:system of people's congress
10:
16137:
14622:Primary stage of socialism
14564:National People's Congress
14032:People's Republic of China
13217:National People's Congress
12000:"Belt and Road Initiative"
11879:Eddy Chang (22 Aug 2004).
11715:House of Commons of Canada
11312:Princeton University Press
10636:Mai, Jun (13 March 2023).
9710:Cambridge University Press
9371:National People's Congress
9270:Princeton University Press
9262:Dickson, Bruce J. (2021).
8597:He, Qinglian; 何清涟 (1998).
8562:Cambridge University Press
8248:Cambridge University Press
8082:Cambridge University Press
8039:Cambridge University Press
7906:Cambridge University Press
7863:Cambridge University Press
7702:
7604:work in may be shrinking.
7592:
7561:
7502:The PRC is in a number of
7495:
7481:People's Republic of China
7468:
7455:Japanese history textbooks
7265:Foreign relations of China
7262:
7208:
7202:
7179:
7154:
7141:the Party commands the gun
7131:
7117:
7049:
7040:independent municipalities
6966:
6938:National People's Congress
6924:National People's Congress
6908:National People's Congress
6454:People's Republic of China
5888:National People's Congress
4760:National People's Congress
4589:agricultural mechanisation
4267:20th CCP National Congress
4230:Under general secretaries
4140:
4131:democratic country in Asia
4050:National People's Congress
3971:
3872:National People's Congress
3352:Political status of Taiwan
2802:Ministry of State Security
2502:Public Prosecutions Office
2302:Military reform since 2015
1914:Deputy Secretaries-General
1684:Social Development Affairs
1565:National People's Congress
1103:Primary stage of socialism
1071:Admission Oath (Article 6)
638:Current provincial leaders
207:National People's Congress
44:People's Republic of China
28:
16034:
15993:
15953:
15695:
15619:
15587:
15505:
15426:
15206:
15012:
15003:
14961:
14921:
14763:
14754:
14666:
14517:
14447:
14438:
14401:
14372:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves
14327:
14261:
14170:
14108:
14080:
14071:
14000:
13878:
13826:
13786:
13710:
13701:
13641:
13621:
13598:
13551:
13428:
13395:
13374:
13334:
13200:
13189:
13120:
13097:
13012:10.1017/S0305741023001819
12874:Stanford University Press
12842:Columbia University Press
12676:10.1017/S0003055413000014
12604:10.1017/S0026749X12000273
12584:Salmenkari, Taru (2013).
12057:10.1038/s41893-018-0059-3
9890:US-China Business Council
9355:Accessed 7 February 2007.
9336:Accessed 7 February 2007.
9332:27 September 2007 at the
9218:Stanford University Press
8443:10.1017/S0007123414000106
8126:. John Wiley & Sons.
7297:between the world's sole
7211:Xinjiang internment camps
7003:China New Democracy Party
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5224:
4327:
4322:
4320:Academic attainment
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4283:
3949:This section needs to be
3874:(NPC) functioning as the
3733:China–Caribbean relations
3317:Mainland & Macau CEPA
3016:China Radio International
2963:China Film Administration
2150:Strategic Planning Office
1880:Cabinet-level departments
972:Intellectual property law
529:
518:
508:
501:
491:
480:
470:
463:
433:
423:
413:
406:
392:
382:
372:
365:
355:
345:
335:
325:
315:
305:
298:
288:
281:
271:
261:
251:
246:
232:
222:
212:
202:
197:
190:
180:
170:
160:
150:
140:
130:
120:
110:
103:
93:
83:
69:
55:
40:
15755:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
15547:Catholic Church in China
14691:People's Liberation Army
14658:One country, two systems
13285:People's Liberation Army
13034:Garlick, Jeremy (2024).
12872:. Stanford, California:
12227:Harvard University Press
11906:10 February 2006 at the
11901:"China's Quest for Asia"
11847:Finnegan, Ciara (2020).
11169:South China Morning Post
11092:South China Morning Post
10643:South China Morning Post
10532:South China Morning Post
10406:China Leadership Monitor
10222:South China Morning Post
9718:10.1017/cbo9780511571688
9643:; Qiao, Kunyuan (2022).
9495:V-Dem Institute (2023).
9351:13 February 2007 at the
8670:South China Morning Post
8348:10.1177/0010414014537027
8303:10.1177/0010414009359392
7805:or a head of state in a
7801:comparable to that of a
7784:
7546:On 26 October 1971, the
7486:Belt and Road Initiative
7475:Belt and Road Initiative
7120:People's Liberation Army
7046:Administrative divisions
6576:People's Liberation Army
6550:of the Central Committee
6543:of the Central Committee
6536:of the Central Committee
6529:of the Central Committee
6522:of the Central Committee
5154:economics and management
4481:People's Liberation Army
4455:of the Central Committee
4448:of the Central Committee
4441:of the Central Committee
4434:of the Central Committee
4427:of the Central Committee
3776:Administrative divisions
3557:Belt and Road Initiative
3254:Hong Kong SAR Government
3225:One country, two systems
3213:Hong Kong Liaison Office
2999:China Central Television
2509:Secretariat for Security
2185:People's Liberation Army
1926:most Central Enterprises
1669:Overseas Chinese Affairs
1108:Four Cardinal Principles
237:Great Hall of the People
16016:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
15379:Four Pillars of Destiny
15164:Regional discrimination
14586:Chinese Communist Party
12813:10.4324/9781003350064-7
12484:Oxford University Press
11749:The Wall Street Journal
9762:10.4324/9781315543918-8
9601:Oxford University Press
7991:Will China Democratize?
7949:Oxford University Press
7709:Mass incidents in China
7269:Foreign policy of China
7243:, with many activists,
7217:human rights violations
7199:Policies toward Uyghurs
5820:Organization Department
4568:business administration
4252:CCP committee secretary
4217:State-owned enterprises
4143:Chinese Communist Party
4127:V-Dem Democracy indices
3868:Chinese Communist Party
3862:framework based on the
3748:China–Pacific relations
3627:Chinese nationality law
2519:Unitary Police Services
2176:National armed forces:
1592:Council of Chairpersons
1448:Organization Department
1180:National Party Congress
885:Socialist law tradition
762:Organization Department
115:Chinese Communist Party
15132:Science and technology
14805:Special economic zones
14057:persecution of Uyghurs
13985:Century of humiliation
13307:Supreme People's Court
12836:Meng, Wenting (2024).
12552:Lin, Chunfeng (2023).
12138:26 August 2006 at the
8244:How Dictatorships Work
7807:parliamentary republic
7803:constitutional monarch
7427:Hainan Island incident
7325:
7309:
7172:
7107:
6951:The NPC also elects a
6933:
6371:Organisational office
6307:Organisational office
5214:Full Politburo members
5059:science and management
4856:Organisational office
4830:international politics
4828:Graduate programme in
4720:Graduate programme in
4580:engineering management
4578:Graduate programme in
4572:Graduate programme in
4083:Supreme People's Court
3753:China–Russia relations
3723:China–Africa relations
3552:China Development Bank
3528:Foreign aid from China
3369:"Taiwan Province", PRC
3337:Cross-Strait relations
3330:Cross-Strait relations
3283:Mainland & HK CEPA
2724:People's organizations
2531:Public Security Police
2480:Hong Kong Police Force
2441:Judiciary of Hong Kong
2392:Supreme People's Court
2297:Military modernization
2075:Logistic Support Dept.
808:Previous constitutions
681:Communist Party leader
576:Leadership generations
475:Supreme People's Court
181:Supervisory organ
121:General Secretary
15339:Four Great Inventions
14723:People's Armed Police
13359:People's organization
13290:People's Armed Police
12882:10.1515/9781503634152
12518:Hammond, Ken (2023).
12270:Brookings Institution
12110:10.4324/9781003350064
12036:Nature Sustainability
11886:6 August 2007 at the
11526:. 12 September 2019.
11131:10.1002/9781119199311
10995:Brookings Institution
10757:Brookings Institution
10498:Brookings Institution
10315:Brookings Institution
10188:Brookings Institution
10145:Brookings Institution
10102:Brookings Institution
10059:Brookings Institution
10016:Brookings Institution
9973:Brookings Institution
9930:Brookings Institution
9649:Yale University Press
9595:(30 September 2021).
9226:10.1515/9781503619449
8557:Making Autocracy Work
8256:10.1017/9781316336182
8118:Economy, Elizabeth C.
7858:Making Autocracy Work
7774:Politics of Hong Kong
7624:people's organization
7320:connecting China and
7315:
7276:
7209:Further information:
7164:
7124:People's Armed Police
7106:
7021:, presiding over the
6999:China Democracy Party
6931:
4824:Marxist legal studies
4385:Marxist legal studies
4026:geographical vastness
3888:CCP Central Committee
3884:democratic centralism
3425:Taiwan Affairs Office
3276:Independence movement
3261:Politics of Hong Kong
2497:Court of Final Appeal
2458:Prosecutions Division
2453:Department of Justice
2446:Court of Final Appeal
2202:People's Armed Police
1895:National Audit Office
1526:Provincial committee
757:Collective leadership
752:Democratic centralism
633:Current state leaders
588:Hu–Wen Administration
15930:United Arab Emirates
15318:World Heritage Sites
14846:Foreign aid received
14554:Environmental policy
14352:Environmental policy
14347:Environmental issues
12778:. New York: Viking.
12591:Modern Asian Studies
11492:. 28 November 2019.
11460:. 17 December 2019.
10217:"The 20th Politburo"
9756:, pp. 122–134,
9657:10.2307/j.ctv3006z6k
9641:Marquis, Christopher
9374:. 20 November 2019.
9316:Accessed 3 May 2006.
9310:4 March 2016 at the
8564:. pp. 52, 111.
7799:Constitution of 1982
7425:in May 1999 and the
7285:, with first ladies
7225:arbitrary detainment
7033:Local-level politics
6052:Publicity Department
5702:Second Vice Chairman
5688:Second Vice Chairman
5159:Undergraduate degree
4946:Undergraduate degree
4937:Post-graduate degree
4835:Undergraduate degree
4727:Undergraduate degree
4722:currency and banking
4585:Undergraduate degree
4394:chemical engineering
4390:Undergraduate degree
4223:Intra-party factions
4213:leading small groups
3728:China–Arab relations
3660:Visa policy of China
3579:New Development Bank
3542:Ministry of Commerce
3305:Macau SAR Government
3218:Macau Liaison Office
3011:China National Radio
2694:Historical parties:
2514:Macau Security Force
2062:Political Work Dept.
1700:State representative
1644:Constitution and Law
1429:Central Guard Bureau
1098:Deng Xiaoping Theory
875:Chinese legal system
690:State representative
652:Orders of precedence
615:20th Party Politburo
594:Xi–Li Administration
525:(Prosecutor-General)
161:Executive organ
151:Political organ
15957:limited recognition
15564:History of religion
15559:Freedom of religion
15414:Four Pests campaign
15359:Four Classic Novels
14971:Automotive industry
14851:Foreign aid program
14542:Pro-democratisation
14037:Cultural Revolution
13159:Military Commission
13040:Bloomsbury Academic
13002:The China Quarterly
12924:. 16 January 2024.
12049:2018NatSu...1..206A
11866:10.3390/laws9010001
11717:. 21 October 2020.
11656:. 27 October 2020.
11320:10.2307/j.ctv941tzj
11122:. Hoboken, NJ, US:
10954:"Zhang Guoqing 张国清"
10491:"Huang Kunming 黄坤明"
10138:"Ding Xuexiang 丁薛祥"
10068:on 19 November 2022
10025:on 25 December 2022
9527:Government of China
9497:"The V-Dem Dataset"
9410:. 4 December 2021.
8863:The Washington Post
8834:on 10 December 2022
8523:. 14 January 2021.
8120:(25 October 2021).
7984:Nathan, Andrew J.;
7743:Stanford University
7732:World Values Survey
7628:chamber of commerce
7548:UN General Assembly
7471:Chinese foreign aid
7306:emerging superpower
7170:High People's Court
6840:First Vice Chairman
6826:First Vice Chairman
5880:First Vice Chairman
5221:
4950:political education
4280:
3506:Diplomatic missions
3478:Secretary-General:
3396:Chinese unification
3240:Hong Kong Basic Law
3110:Internet censorship
3068:Censorship in China
2825:Ministry of Justice
2351:Corruption in China
1723:Presidential Office
1362:Secretary-General:
1245:Central Secretariat
1146:Four Comprehensives
950:Labour Contract Law
880:Civil law tradition
717:Conference Chairman
606:4th Leadership Core
581:Succession of power
503:Procuratorial organ
15471:Population history
15451:Internal migration
15066:Harmonious Society
14941:Telecommunications
14898:Standard of living
14817:Online advertising
14569:Standing Committee
13324:Procurator-General
13222:Standing Committee
13140:Standing Committee
12807:. pp. 58–70.
12720:China Perspectives
11650:foreign.senate.gov
11622:. 6 October 2019.
11248:The World Factbook
11004:on 23 October 2022
10988:"Zhang Youxia 张又侠"
10766:on 6 December 2022
10716:"Liu Guozhong 刘国中"
10650:on 27 October 2022
10607:"Li Hongzhong 李鸿忠"
10367:"Chen Wenqing 陈文清"
10197:on 28 October 2022
9403:Xinhua News Agency
8649:2 May 2014 at the
8480:The New York Times
7747:Hoover Institution
7739:Harvard University
7326:
7310:
7173:
7108:
7019:head of government
6953:Standing Committee
6934:
6904:Standing Committee
6599:President of China
6568:Commander-in-chief
6379:National Committee
6315:National Committee
6116:Standing Committee
5884:Standing Committee
5562:First-Ranked Vice
5218:
5188:Standing Committee
4864:National Committee
4756:Standing Committee
4504:President of China
4473:Commander-in-chief
4277:
4263:Xi Jinping faction
4038:president of China
4022:China's population
3547:Exim Bank of China
3381:Anti-Secession Law
3271:Pro-democracy camp
3037:China News Service
3023:Xinhua News Agency
2577:National Committee
2492:Judiciary of Macau
2421:Procurator-General
1634:Special Committees
1582:Standing Committee
1540:Deputy secretaries
1530:Standing committee
1473:Standing Committee
1434:Central Guard Unit
1232:Standing Committee
1136:Xi Jinping Thought
1093:Mao Zedong Thought
1009:Capital punishment
987:Administrative law
726:Commander-in-chief
699:Head of government
624:14th State Council
340:14th State Council
300:Head of Government
256:Standing Committee
141:Highest organ
131:Supreme organ
16121:Politics of China
16062:
16061:
15999:other territories
15689:Politics of Asia
15655:
15654:
15615:
15614:
15422:
15421:
14999:
14998:
14986:Shipping industry
14750:
14749:
14716:Strategic Support
14591:General Secretary
14576:National security
14559:Foreign relations
14513:
14512:
14434:
14433:
14397:
14396:
14100:Natural disasters
14067:
14066:
14020:Chinese Civil War
14015:Republic of China
13990:Taiping Rebellion
13863:Spring and Autumn
13768:Foreign relations
13657:
13656:
13637:
13636:
13591:
13389:
13145:General Secretary
13130:Central Committee
13091:Politics of China
13049:978-1-350-25231-8
12891:978-1-5036-3088-8
12822:978-1-03-239508-1
12785:978-1-9848-7828-1
12163:978-1-925021-41-7
12119:978-1-003-35006-4
11947:978-3-030-21603-0
11558:. 20 April 2021.
11329:978-0-691-18559-0
11304:Fravel, M. Taylor
11196:Brady, Anne-Marie
11140:978-1-119-19931-1
11069:978-1-349-06088-7
10901:"Yuan Jiajun 袁家军"
10308:"Chen Min'er 陈敏尔"
10274:"Chen Jining 陈吉宁"
10052:"Wang Huning 王沪宁"
9771:978-1-315-54391-8
9746:Lam, Willy Wo-Lap
9727:978-0-521-62284-4
9666:978-0-300-26883-6
9618:978-0-19-752791-7
9279:978-0-691-21696-6
9235:978-1-5036-1944-9
9105:Project Syndicate
8854:Radchenko, Sergey
8571:978-1-107-17243-2
8265:978-1-316-33618-2
8133:978-1-5095-3751-8
8091:978-1-108-10780-8
8048:978-1-107-03875-2
8005:978-1-4214-1244-3
7958:978-0-19-049081-2
7915:978-1-316-99791-8
7872:978-1-107-17243-2
7779:Politics of Macau
7755:ethnic minorities
7737:A 2020 survey by
7730:According to the
7681:collective action
7570:permanent members
7449:committed during
7390:(SCO), alongside
7330:Republic of China
7318:Karakoram Highway
7281:and US president
7259:Foreign relations
7241:cultural genocide
7235:and called it an
7025:composed of four
6921:
6920:
6555:Military offices
6514:Central Committee
6510:General Secretary
6301:Central Committee
6056:Central Committee
5967:Deputy Director,
5961:Deputy Director,
5955:Deputy Director,
5949:Deputy Director,
5824:Central Committee
5330:Central Committee
5320:Central Committee
5211:
5210:
5064:Bachelor's degree
4989:Central Committee
4979:Central Committee
4932:political economy
4633:Deputy director,
4627:Deputy director,
4621:Deputy director,
4615:Deputy director,
4460:Military offices
4419:Central Committee
4415:General Secretary
4165:General Secretary
4153:Central Committee
3970:
3969:
3892:National Congress
3852:
3851:
3791:Ethnic minorities
3692:Beijing Consensus
3632:Chinese passports
3472:Deputy Director:
3455:Foreign relations
3342:Chinese Civil War
3312:Politics of Macau
3105:Internet in China
2994:China Media Group
2933:Deputy Director:
2870:Urban Management
2619:Political parties
2606:Secretary-General
2593:Vice-Chairpersons
2327:Supervisory organ
2212:China Coast Guard
2046:Joint Staff Dept.
1957:supreme commander
1909:Secretary-General
1868:Secretary-General
1622:Secretary-General
1608:Vice-Chairpersons
1385:Deputy Director:
1340:Deputy Directors:
1221:Central Politburo
1201:General Secretary
1190:Central Committee
1050:Principal leaders
708:Congress Chairman
600:Xi Administration
596:(2012–2017)
590:(2002–2012)
546:Politics of China
539:
538:
408:Supervisory organ
272:Secretary-General
145:Central Committee
135:National Congress
16:(Redirected from
16128:
16103:
16102:
16101:
16091:
16090:
16089:
16079:
16078:
16070:
16052:
16042:
16041:
16011:Christmas Island
15697:Sovereign states
15682:
15675:
15668:
15659:
15658:
15635:
15628:
15525:Tibetan Buddhism
15520:Chinese Buddhism
15374:Four Holy Beasts
15324:
15323:
15176:Social relations
15105:Standard Chinese
15100:Chinese language
15010:
15009:
14795:Economic history
14761:
14760:
14740:Maritime Militia
14449:
14448:
14445:
14444:
14416:Border crossings
14411:Baseline islands
14106:
14105:
14078:
14077:
14042:Tiananmen Square
13925:Sixteen Kingdoms
13733:Military history
13708:
13707:
13684:
13677:
13670:
13661:
13660:
13622:Claimed province
13585:
13393:
13392:
13383:
13263:State Councilors
13212:Paramount leader
13195:
13084:
13077:
13070:
13061:
13060:
13054:
13053:
13031:
13025:
13024:
13014:
12992:
12986:
12985:
12983:
12981:
12959:
12950:
12949:
12943:
12941:
12917:
12910:
12904:
12903:
12862:
12856:
12855:
12833:
12827:
12826:
12796:
12790:
12789:
12768:
12755:
12754:
12736:
12710:
12704:
12703:
12653:
12644:
12643:
12641:
12639:
12581:
12572:
12571:
12549:
12534:
12533:
12515:
12506:
12505:
12475:
12460:
12459:
12457:
12455:
12433:
12427:
12426:
12424:
12422:
12400:
12394:
12393:
12391:
12389:
12365:
12359:
12358:
12356:
12354:
12344:
12324:
12318:
12317:
12315:
12313:
12293:
12287:
12286:
12284:
12282:
12260:
12249:
12248:
12218:
12212:
12211:
12209:
12207:
12186:
12177:
12176:
12175:
12149:
12143:
12130:
12124:
12123:
12095:
12089:
12088:
12086:
12084:
12026:
12020:
12019:
12017:
12015:
11996:
11990:
11989:
11987:
11985:
11964:
11958:
11957:
11956:
11954:
11921:
11915:
11897:
11891:
11877:
11871:
11870:
11868:
11844:
11838:
11837:
11835:
11833:
11813:
11807:
11806:
11804:
11802:
11780:
11774:
11773:
11771:
11769:
11745:
11737:
11731:
11730:
11728:
11726:
11707:
11701:
11700:
11698:
11696:
11676:
11670:
11669:
11667:
11665:
11642:
11636:
11635:
11633:
11631:
11610:
11604:
11603:
11601:
11599:
11590:. 29 June 2020.
11578:
11572:
11571:
11569:
11567:
11555:Associated Press
11546:
11540:
11539:
11537:
11535:
11519:
11512:
11506:
11505:
11503:
11501:
11480:
11474:
11473:
11471:
11469:
11448:
11442:
11441:
11439:
11437:
11416:
11410:
11409:
11407:
11405:
11386:
11380:
11379:
11377:
11375:
11356:
11350:
11349:
11300:
11294:
11293:
11291:
11289:
11269:
11263:
11262:
11261:
11259:
11240:
11234:
11233:
11231:
11229:
11223:
11204:
11192:
11186:
11185:
11183:
11181:
11159:
11153:
11152:
11115:
11109:
11108:
11106:
11104:
11082:
11073:
11072:
11047:
11038:
11037:
11035:
11033:
11024:. Archived from
11013:
11011:
11009:
11003:
10997:. Archived from
10992:
10980:
10974:
10973:
10971:
10969:
10960:. Archived from
10950:
10948:
10946:
10927:
10921:
10920:
10918:
10916:
10907:. Archived from
10897:
10895:
10893:
10872:
10866:
10865:
10863:
10861:
10852:. Archived from
10842:
10836:
10835:
10833:
10831:
10822:. Archived from
10812:
10806:
10805:
10803:
10801:
10782:
10776:
10775:
10773:
10771:
10765:
10759:. Archived from
10754:
10750:"Ma Xingrui 马兴瑞"
10742:
10736:
10735:
10733:
10731:
10722:. Archived from
10712:
10710:
10708:
10689:
10683:
10682:
10680:
10678:
10669:. Archived from
10659:
10657:
10655:
10646:. Archived from
10633:
10627:
10626:
10624:
10622:
10613:. Archived from
10603:
10601:
10599:
10578:
10572:
10571:
10569:
10567:
10558:. Archived from
10548:
10546:
10544:
10539:on 27 April 2023
10523:
10517:
10516:
10514:
10512:
10506:
10500:. Archived from
10495:
10483:
10477:
10476:
10474:
10472:
10463:. Archived from
10452:
10446:
10445:
10443:
10441:
10432:. Archived from
10422:
10420:
10418:
10409:. Archived from
10393:
10387:
10386:
10384:
10382:
10373:. Archived from
10363:
10361:
10359:
10340:
10334:
10333:
10331:
10329:
10323:
10317:. Archived from
10312:
10300:
10294:
10293:
10291:
10289:
10280:. Archived from
10270:
10268:
10266:
10245:
10239:
10238:
10236:
10234:
10229:on 15 March 2023
10213:
10207:
10206:
10204:
10202:
10196:
10190:. Archived from
10185:
10173:
10164:
10163:
10161:
10159:
10153:
10147:. Archived from
10142:
10130:
10121:
10120:
10118:
10116:
10110:
10104:. Archived from
10099:
10087:
10078:
10077:
10075:
10073:
10067:
10061:. Archived from
10056:
10044:
10035:
10034:
10032:
10030:
10024:
10018:. Archived from
10013:
10001:
9992:
9991:
9989:
9987:
9981:
9975:. Archived from
9970:
9958:
9949:
9948:
9946:
9944:
9938:
9932:. Archived from
9927:
9923:"Xi Jinping 习近平"
9915:
9906:
9905:
9903:
9901:
9896:on 27 April 2023
9882:
9876:
9875:
9873:
9871:
9849:
9843:
9842:
9840:
9838:
9817:
9811:
9810:
9808:
9806:
9784:
9775:
9774:
9741:
9732:
9731:
9701:
9695:
9694:
9637:
9631:
9630:
9589:
9583:
9582:
9580:
9578:
9561:. 9 March 2023.
9549:
9543:
9542:
9540:
9538:
9519:
9513:
9512:
9510:
9508:
9492:
9486:
9485:
9483:
9481:
9462:
9456:
9455:
9453:
9451:
9430:
9424:
9423:
9421:
9419:
9394:
9388:
9387:
9385:
9383:
9362:
9356:
9343:
9337:
9324:
9318:
9302:
9296:
9295:
9293:
9291:
9259:
9248:
9247:
9209:
9203:
9202:
9196:
9194:
9164:
9158:
9157:
9155:
9153:
9131:
9125:
9124:
9119:
9117:
9095:
9089:
9088:
9086:
9084:
9062:
9056:
9055:
9053:
9051:
9029:
9023:
9022:
9020:
9018:
8996:
8990:
8989:
8983:
8981:
8964:. 21 June 2019.
8952:
8946:
8945:
8943:
8941:
8919:
8913:
8912:
8910:
8908:
8886:
8880:
8879:
8877:
8875:
8856:(5 March 2018).
8850:
8844:
8843:
8841:
8839:
8833:
8828:. Archived from
8815:
8809:
8808:
8806:
8804:
8782:
8776:
8775:
8774:on 29 July 2016.
8758:
8752:
8751:
8749:
8747:
8726:
8720:
8719:
8717:
8715:
8693:
8687:
8686:
8684:
8682:
8660:
8654:
8641:
8635:
8634:
8632:
8630:
8594:
8588:
8587:
8585:
8583:
8551:
8545:
8544:
8542:
8540:
8511:
8505:
8504:
8502:
8500:
8470:
8464:
8463:
8445:
8419:
8413:
8412:
8387:(6): 1475–1508.
8374:
8368:
8367:
8329:
8323:
8322:
8284:
8278:
8277:
8239:
8233:
8232:
8222:
8196:
8190:
8189:
8187:
8185:
8164:
8158:
8157:
8155:
8153:
8114:
8108:
8107:
8105:
8103:
8071:
8065:
8064:
8062:
8060:
8028:
8022:
8021:
8019:
8017:
7981:
7975:
7974:
7972:
7970:
7938:
7932:
7931:
7929:
7927:
7895:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7884:
7852:
7835:
7828:
7822:
7816:
7810:
7795:
7693:Weiquan movement
7528:South China Seas
7516:Sino-Vietnam War
7514:in 1969 and the
7443:Nanjing Massacre
7372:ASEAN Plus Three
7368:East Asia Summit
7364:free trade areas
7349:One-China policy
7069:
7015:Premier of China
6977:under the CCP's
6891:
6868:
6817:
6794:
6760:
6737:
6703:
6680:
6646:
6623:
6501:
6478:
6430:
6407:
6366:
6343:
6287:
6264:
6230:
6207:
6173:
6150:
6103:
6080:
6042:
6019:
5935:
5912:
5871:
5848:
5810:
5787:
5753:
5730:
5679:
5656:
5611:
5588:
5554:
5531:
5497:
5474:
5440:
5417:
5383:
5360:
5303:
5280:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5222:
5217:
5175:
5144:
5124:
5111:
5080:
5049:
5029:
5016:
4962:
4922:
4902:
4889:
4851:
4814:
4794:
4781:
4743:
4715:
4695:
4682:
4601:
4558:
4538:
4525:
4406:
4375:
4355:
4342:
4330:
4325:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4169:Paramount leader
4100:Self-description
3974:Paramount leader
3965:
3962:
3956:
3944:
3943:
3936:
3915:Direct elections
3870:(CCP), with the
3844:
3837:
3830:
3809:China portal
3807:
3806:
3805:
3266:Pro-Beijing camp
3249:John Lee Ka-chiu
2906:Deputy Leaders:
2856:
2544:
2536:Judiciary Police
2527:
2285:Military history
2210:
2200:
2190:Theater commands
2183:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1989:
1982:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1833:State Councilors
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1767:Li Qiang Cabinet
1628:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1208:
1115:Three Represents
1088:Marxism–Leninism
1014:Capital offences
904:List of statutes
659:Paramount leader
647:National leaders
557:
541:
540:
198:Full Convocation
60:
50:
38:
37:
21:
16136:
16135:
16131:
16130:
16129:
16127:
16126:
16125:
16111:
16110:
16109:
16099:
16097:
16087:
16085:
16073:
16065:
16063:
16058:
16030:
15998:
15989:
15970:Northern Cyprus
15956:
15949:
15691:
15686:
15656:
15651:
15638:
15631:
15624:
15611:
15583:
15501:
15461:Life expectancy
15418:
15322:
15202:
15122:Public holidays
15110:Written Chinese
15095:Intellectualism
15047:Sex trafficking
14995:
14957:
14917:
14746:
14662:
14509:
14500:Nationality law
14483:Law enforcement
14461:Judicial system
14430:
14393:
14367:Nature reserves
14357:Protected areas
14323:
14294:Water resources
14257:
14166:
14104:
14063:
14047:Economic reform
14010:1911 Revolution
13996:
13960:Jin (1115–1234)
13874:
13822:
13782:
13697:
13688:
13658:
13653:
13633:
13617:
13594:
13554:
13547:
13424:
13386:current leaders
13382:
13379:
13376:
13370:
13330:
13203:
13196:
13187:
13122:Communist Party
13116:
13093:
13088:
13058:
13057:
13050:
13032:
13028:
12993:
12989:
12979:
12977:
12960:
12953:
12939:
12937:
12912:
12911:
12907:
12892:
12863:
12859:
12852:
12834:
12830:
12823:
12797:
12793:
12786:
12769:
12758:
12711:
12707:
12654:
12647:
12637:
12635:
12582:
12575:
12568:
12550:
12537:
12530:
12516:
12509:
12502:
12476:
12463:
12453:
12451:
12434:
12430:
12420:
12418:
12401:
12397:
12387:
12385:
12366:
12362:
12352:
12350:
12325:
12321:
12311:
12309:
12294:
12290:
12280:
12278:
12261:
12252:
12237:
12219:
12215:
12205:
12203:
12188:
12187:
12180:
12164:
12150:
12146:
12140:Wayback Machine
12131:
12127:
12120:
12096:
12092:
12082:
12080:
12027:
12023:
12013:
12011:
11998:
11997:
11993:
11983:
11981:
11966:
11965:
11961:
11952:
11950:
11948:
11922:
11918:
11908:Wayback Machine
11898:
11894:
11888:Wayback Machine
11878:
11874:
11845:
11841:
11831:
11829:
11814:
11810:
11800:
11798:
11781:
11777:
11767:
11765:
11738:
11734:
11724:
11722:
11709:
11708:
11704:
11694:
11692:
11677:
11673:
11663:
11661:
11644:
11643:
11639:
11629:
11627:
11619:The Independent
11612:
11611:
11607:
11597:
11595:
11580:
11579:
11575:
11565:
11563:
11548:
11547:
11543:
11533:
11531:
11523:Financial Times
11514:
11513:
11509:
11499:
11497:
11482:
11481:
11477:
11467:
11465:
11450:
11449:
11445:
11435:
11433:
11428:. 5 July 2019.
11425:The Independent
11418:
11417:
11413:
11403:
11401:
11388:
11387:
11383:
11373:
11371:
11364:www.immd.gov.hk
11358:
11357:
11353:
11330:
11310:. Vol. 2.
11301:
11297:
11287:
11285:
11270:
11266:
11257:
11255:
11242:
11241:
11237:
11227:
11225:
11221:
11202:
11193:
11189:
11179:
11177:
11160:
11156:
11141:
11116:
11112:
11102:
11100:
11083:
11076:
11070:
11048:
11041:
11031:
11029:
11028:on 22 July 2023
11014:
11007:
11005:
11001:
10990:
10981:
10977:
10967:
10965:
10964:on 22 July 2023
10952:
10951:
10944:
10942:
10941:on 22 July 2023
10929:
10928:
10924:
10914:
10912:
10911:on 22 July 2023
10899:
10898:
10891:
10889:
10888:on 22 July 2023
10874:
10873:
10869:
10859:
10857:
10856:on 22 July 2023
10844:
10843:
10839:
10829:
10827:
10826:on 22 July 2023
10814:
10813:
10809:
10799:
10797:
10796:on 22 July 2023
10784:
10783:
10779:
10769:
10767:
10763:
10752:
10743:
10739:
10729:
10727:
10726:on 22 July 2023
10714:
10713:
10706:
10704:
10703:on 22 July 2023
10691:
10690:
10686:
10676:
10674:
10673:on 22 July 2023
10663:"Li Shulei 李书磊"
10661:
10660:
10653:
10651:
10634:
10630:
10620:
10618:
10617:on 22 July 2023
10605:
10604:
10597:
10595:
10594:on 22 July 2023
10580:
10579:
10575:
10565:
10563:
10562:on 22 July 2023
10552:"Li Ganjie 李干杰"
10550:
10549:
10542:
10540:
10525:
10524:
10520:
10510:
10508:
10504:
10493:
10484:
10480:
10470:
10468:
10467:on 22 July 2023
10453:
10449:
10439:
10437:
10436:on 22 July 2023
10426:"He Lifeng 何立峰"
10424:
10423:
10416:
10414:
10413:on 22 July 2023
10399:(1 June 2023).
10394:
10390:
10380:
10378:
10377:on 22 July 2023
10365:
10364:
10357:
10355:
10354:on 22 July 2023
10342:
10341:
10337:
10327:
10325:
10321:
10310:
10301:
10297:
10287:
10285:
10284:on 22 July 2023
10272:
10271:
10264:
10262:
10261:on 22 July 2023
10247:
10246:
10242:
10232:
10230:
10215:
10214:
10210:
10200:
10198:
10194:
10183:
10174:
10167:
10157:
10155:
10151:
10140:
10131:
10124:
10114:
10112:
10108:
10097:
10088:
10081:
10071:
10069:
10065:
10054:
10045:
10038:
10028:
10026:
10022:
10011:
10009:"Zhao Leji 赵乐际"
10002:
9995:
9985:
9983:
9982:on 11 July 2023
9979:
9968:
9959:
9952:
9942:
9940:
9936:
9925:
9916:
9909:
9899:
9897:
9884:
9883:
9879:
9869:
9867:
9852:Cheng, Evelyn.
9850:
9846:
9836:
9834:
9819:
9818:
9814:
9804:
9802:
9785:
9778:
9772:
9742:
9735:
9728:
9702:
9698:
9667:
9638:
9634:
9619:
9590:
9586:
9576:
9574:
9551:
9550:
9546:
9536:
9534:
9521:
9520:
9516:
9506:
9504:
9493:
9489:
9479:
9477:
9464:
9463:
9459:
9449:
9447:
9432:
9431:
9427:
9417:
9415:
9396:
9395:
9391:
9381:
9379:
9364:
9363:
9359:
9353:Wayback Machine
9344:
9340:
9334:Wayback Machine
9325:
9321:
9312:Wayback Machine
9303:
9299:
9289:
9287:
9280:
9260:
9251:
9236:
9210:
9206:
9192:
9190:
9165:
9161:
9151:
9149:
9132:
9128:
9115:
9113:
9096:
9092:
9082:
9080:
9063:
9059:
9049:
9047:
9030:
9026:
9016:
9014:
8997:
8993:
8979:
8977:
8954:
8953:
8949:
8939:
8937:
8920:
8916:
8906:
8904:
8896:East Asia Forum
8887:
8883:
8873:
8871:
8851:
8847:
8837:
8835:
8825:Financial Times
8816:
8812:
8802:
8800:
8783:
8779:
8760:
8759:
8755:
8745:
8743:
8728:
8727:
8723:
8713:
8711:
8694:
8690:
8680:
8678:
8661:
8657:
8651:Wayback Machine
8642:
8638:
8628:
8626:
8611:
8595:
8591:
8581:
8579:
8572:
8552:
8548:
8538:
8536:
8513:
8512:
8508:
8498:
8496:
8471:
8467:
8420:
8416:
8375:
8371:
8330:
8326:
8285:
8281:
8266:
8250:. p. 141.
8240:
8236:
8197:
8193:
8183:
8181:
8166:
8165:
8161:
8151:
8149:
8134:
8115:
8111:
8101:
8099:
8092:
8072:
8068:
8058:
8056:
8049:
8029:
8025:
8015:
8013:
8006:
7982:
7978:
7968:
7966:
7959:
7939:
7935:
7925:
7923:
7916:
7896:
7892:
7882:
7880:
7873:
7853:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7838:
7829:
7825:
7817:
7813:
7796:
7792:
7787:
7770:
7720:
7718:Citizen surveys
7711:
7703:Main articles:
7701:
7695:, to flourish.
7676:
7660:Jürgen Habermas
7644:
7597:
7591:
7566:
7560:
7552:Resolution 2758
7544:
7508:Sino-Indian War
7500:
7494:
7477:
7469:Main articles:
7467:
7459:Yasukuni Shrine
7435:China and Japan
7423:Kosovo conflict
7357:14th Dalai Lama
7277:Chinese leader
7271:
7263:Main articles:
7261:
7249:U.S. government
7213:
7207:
7201:
7188:
7178:
7165:A trial by the
7159:
7153:
7136:
7130:
7128:Militia (China)
7118:Main articles:
7116:
7110:
7105:
7067:
7065:
7054:
7048:
7035:
7011:
6971:
6965:
6926:
6915:
6914:
6892:
6851:
6850:
6818:
6777:
6776:
6761:
6720:
6719:
6704:
6663:
6662:
6647:
6606:
6605:
6502:
6461:
6460:
6431:
6390:
6389:
6367:
6326:
6325:
6288:
6247:
6246:
6231:
6190:
6189:
6174:
6133:
6132:
6104:
6063:
6062:
6043:
6002:
6001:
5936:
5895:
5894:
5872:
5831:
5830:
5811:
5770:
5769:
5754:
5713:
5712:
5680:
5639:
5638:
5612:
5571:
5570:
5555:
5514:
5513:
5498:
5457:
5456:
5441:
5400:
5399:
5384:
5343:
5342:
5312:First Secretary
5304:
5220:
5216:
5205:
5204:
5176:
5168:
5167:
5150:Master's degree
5145:
5097:
5096:
5081:
5073:
5072:
5055:Master's degree
5050:
5002:
5001:
4971:First Secretary
4963:
4955:
4954:
4928:Doctoral degree
4923:
4875:
4874:
4852:
4844:
4843:
4820:Master's degree
4815:
4767:
4766:
4744:
4736:
4735:
4716:
4668:
4667:
4602:
4594:
4593:
4574:world economics
4564:Master's degree
4559:
4511:
4510:
4407:
4399:
4398:
4381:Doctoral degree
4376:
4279:
4275:
4240:Shanghai Clique
4225:
4145:
4139:
4137:Communist Party
4102:
4054:one-party state
4030:Economic reform
3992:
3966:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3945:
3941:
3934:
3860:communist state
3848:
3819:
3815:Other countries
3803:
3801:
3796:
3795:
3786:Family planning
3771:
3763:
3762:
3719:
3701:
3687:Panda diplomacy
3678:
3623:
3600:
3585:
3524:
3512:
3457:
3447:
3446:
3416:Deputy Leader:
3402:
3332:
3322:
3321:
3296:Chief Executive
3291:Macao Basic Law
3287:
3245:Chief Executive
3236:
3182:
3181:
3161:
3160:
3153:
3138:
3101:
3064:
2952:
2937:
2929:
2914:
2902:
2888:
2878:
2877:
2866:
2850:
2837:
2814:
2779:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2744:
2740:Law enforcement
2729:
2728:
2713:
2687:
2589:
2567:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2538:
2521:
2488:
2470:Security Bureau
2437:
2427:
2404:
2386:
2385:
2384:Judicial organs
2380:
2370:
2362:
2347:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2292:Armed conflicts
2265:
2247:
2236:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1874:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1783:
1756:
1755:
1754:Executive organ
1750:
1745:
1719:
1702:
1701:
1664:Foreign Affairs
1620:
1604:
1572:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1523:
1397:
1389:
1381:
1366:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1321:
1302:
1297:
1275:
1267:
1239:
1199:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1130:
1123:
1079:
1065:
1064:
1038:
1036:Communist Party
1028:
1027:
1000:
983:
910:
898:Legislation Law
871:
841:
830:
798:
797:
777:
776:
741:Related systems
675:
571:
548:
283:Executive organ
74:Communist state
65:
51:
48:
46:
45:
43:
42:Politics of the
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
16134:
16124:
16123:
16108:
16107:
16095:
16083:
16060:
16059:
16057:
16056:
16046:
16035:
16032:
16031:
16029:
16028:
16023:
16018:
16013:
16008:
16002:
16000:
15991:
15990:
15988:
15987:
15982:
15977:
15972:
15967:
15961:
15959:
15951:
15950:
15948:
15947:
15942:
15937:
15932:
15927:
15922:
15917:
15912:
15907:
15902:
15897:
15892:
15887:
15882:
15877:
15872:
15867:
15862:
15857:
15852:
15847:
15842:
15837:
15832:
15827:
15822:
15817:
15812:
15807:
15802:
15797:
15792:
15787:
15782:
15777:
15772:
15767:
15762:
15757:
15752:
15747:
15742:
15737:
15732:
15727:
15722:
15717:
15712:
15707:
15701:
15699:
15693:
15692:
15685:
15684:
15677:
15670:
15662:
15653:
15652:
15650:
15649:
15644:
15637:
15636:
15629:
15621:
15620:
15617:
15616:
15613:
15612:
15610:
15609:
15604:
15599:
15593:
15591:
15585:
15584:
15582:
15581:
15576:
15571:
15566:
15561:
15556:
15555:
15554:
15549:
15539:
15534:
15529:
15528:
15527:
15522:
15511:
15509:
15503:
15502:
15500:
15499:
15494:
15489:
15488:
15487:
15480:
15468:
15463:
15458:
15453:
15448:
15443:
15438:
15432:
15430:
15424:
15423:
15420:
15419:
15417:
15416:
15411:
15406:
15401:
15396:
15391:
15386:
15381:
15376:
15371:
15366:
15361:
15356:
15351:
15346:
15344:Four Gentlemen
15341:
15336:
15330:
15328:
15327:Fours of China
15321:
15320:
15315:
15310:
15305:
15300:
15295:
15290:
15285:
15280:
15275:
15270:
15265:
15264:
15263:
15253:
15248:
15243:
15238:
15233:
15228:
15223:
15218:
15212:
15210:
15204:
15203:
15201:
15200:
15195:
15190:
15185:
15184:
15183:
15173:
15172:
15171:
15166:
15161:
15156:
15146:
15141:
15140:
15139:
15129:
15124:
15119:
15114:
15113:
15112:
15107:
15097:
15092:
15091:
15090:
15085:
15084:
15083:
15068:
15063:
15062:
15061:
15051:
15050:
15049:
15044:
15039:
15029:
15024:
15019:
15013:
15007:
15001:
15000:
14997:
14996:
14994:
14993:
14988:
14983:
14978:
14976:Civil aviation
14973:
14967:
14965:
14959:
14958:
14956:
14955:
14950:
14949:
14948:
14938:
14937:
14936:
14925:
14923:
14922:Infrastructure
14919:
14918:
14916:
14915:
14910:
14905:
14900:
14895:
14890:
14889:
14888:
14883:
14878:
14876:Semiconductors
14873:
14868:
14858:
14856:Historical GDP
14853:
14848:
14843:
14842:
14841:
14836:
14831:
14821:
14820:
14819:
14809:
14808:
14807:
14802:
14792:
14787:
14786:
14785:
14775:
14770:
14764:
14758:
14752:
14751:
14748:
14747:
14745:
14744:
14743:
14742:
14732:
14731:
14730:
14720:
14719:
14718:
14713:
14708:
14703:
14698:
14688:
14683:
14678:
14672:
14670:
14664:
14663:
14661:
14660:
14655:
14654:
14653:
14648:
14638:
14637:
14636:
14634:Vice President
14626:
14625:
14624:
14614:
14613:
14612:
14611:
14610:
14600:
14599:
14598:
14593:
14578:
14573:
14572:
14571:
14561:
14556:
14551:
14546:
14545:
14544:
14534:
14529:
14523:
14521:
14515:
14514:
14511:
14510:
14508:
14507:
14502:
14497:
14492:
14491:
14490:
14480:
14479:
14478:
14473:
14463:
14457:
14455:
14442:
14436:
14435:
14432:
14431:
14429:
14428:
14423:
14418:
14413:
14407:
14405:
14399:
14398:
14395:
14394:
14392:
14391:
14390:
14389:
14384:
14374:
14369:
14364:
14362:National parks
14359:
14354:
14349:
14344:
14342:Climate policy
14339:
14337:Climate change
14333:
14331:
14325:
14324:
14322:
14321:
14320:
14319:
14314:
14309:
14304:
14296:
14291:
14286:
14281:
14276:
14271:
14265:
14263:
14259:
14258:
14256:
14255:
14250:
14245:
14243:Central Plains
14232:
14227:
14226:
14225:
14220:
14210:
14205:
14200:
14195:
14190:
14185:
14180:
14174:
14172:
14168:
14167:
14165:
14164:
14163:
14162:
14157:
14147:
14146:
14145:
14140:
14130:
14125:
14120:
14114:
14112:
14103:
14102:
14097:
14092:
14090:Extreme points
14087:
14081:
14075:
14069:
14068:
14065:
14064:
14062:
14061:
14060:
14059:
14054:
14049:
14044:
14039:
14029:
14028:
14027:
14022:
14012:
14006:
14004:
13998:
13997:
13995:
13994:
13993:
13992:
13987:
13982:
13972:
13967:
13962:
13957:
13952:
13947:
13942:
13937:
13932:
13927:
13922:
13917:
13916:
13915:
13910:
13905:
13898:Three Kingdoms
13895:
13890:
13884:
13882:
13876:
13875:
13873:
13872:
13871:
13870:
13868:Warring States
13865:
13860:
13850:
13849:
13848:
13838:
13832:
13830:
13824:
13823:
13821:
13820:
13819:
13818:
13813:
13808:
13798:
13792:
13790:
13784:
13783:
13781:
13780:
13775:
13770:
13765:
13760:
13759:
13758:
13753:
13748:
13740:
13735:
13730:
13728:Historiography
13725:
13720:
13714:
13712:
13705:
13699:
13698:
13687:
13686:
13679:
13672:
13664:
13655:
13654:
13652:
13651:
13646:
13642:
13639:
13638:
13635:
13634:
13632:
13631:
13625:
13623:
13619:
13618:
13616:
13615:
13610:
13604:
13602:
13596:
13595:
13593:
13592:
13580:
13575:
13570:
13568:Inner Mongolia
13565:
13559:
13557:
13549:
13548:
13546:
13545:
13540:
13535:
13530:
13525:
13520:
13515:
13510:
13505:
13500:
13495:
13490:
13485:
13480:
13475:
13470:
13465:
13460:
13455:
13450:
13445:
13440:
13434:
13432:
13426:
13425:
13423:
13422:
13417:
13412:
13407:
13401:
13399:
13397:Municipalities
13390:
13378:province-level
13372:
13371:
13369:
13368:
13363:
13362:
13361:
13356:
13351:
13340:
13338:
13332:
13331:
13329:
13328:
13327:
13326:
13316:
13315:
13314:
13304:
13299:
13298:
13297:
13292:
13287:
13282:
13272:
13271:
13270:
13265:
13260:
13255:
13245:
13244:
13243:
13241:Vice President
13233:
13232:
13231:
13230:
13229:
13214:
13208:
13206:
13198:
13197:
13190:
13188:
13186:
13185:
13180:
13175:
13174:
13173:
13163:
13162:
13161:
13156:
13155:
13154:
13149:
13148:
13147:
13126:
13124:
13118:
13117:
13115:
13114:
13109:
13104:
13098:
13095:
13094:
13087:
13086:
13079:
13072:
13064:
13056:
13055:
13048:
13026:
12987:
12951:
12905:
12890:
12866:Zhao, Suisheng
12857:
12850:
12844:. p. 57.
12828:
12821:
12791:
12784:
12756:
12705:
12670:(2): 326–343.
12645:
12598:(2): 682–711.
12573:
12566:
12535:
12528:
12507:
12500:
12461:
12428:
12395:
12374:The Strategist
12360:
12319:
12288:
12250:
12235:
12213:
12178:
12173:j.ctt5vj73b.11
12162:
12144:
12125:
12118:
12090:
12043:(5): 206–209.
12021:
11991:
11959:
11946:
11916:
11892:
11872:
11839:
11808:
11775:
11732:
11702:
11671:
11637:
11605:
11573:
11541:
11507:
11475:
11443:
11411:
11394:www.mfa.gov.cn
11381:
11351:
11328:
11295:
11264:
11235:
11187:
11154:
11139:
11110:
11074:
11068:
11039:
11022:China Military
10975:
10922:
10867:
10837:
10807:
10777:
10737:
10684:
10628:
10587:People's Daily
10573:
10518:
10507:on 31 May 2023
10478:
10461:China Military
10447:
10388:
10335:
10324:on 31 May 2023
10295:
10240:
10208:
10165:
10154:on 30 May 2023
10122:
10111:on 31 May 2023
10079:
10036:
9993:
9950:
9939:on 24 May 2023
9907:
9877:
9844:
9812:
9776:
9770:
9752:(1 ed.),
9733:
9726:
9708:(1 ed.).
9696:
9665:
9632:
9617:
9603:. p. 35.
9599:(1 ed.).
9584:
9544:
9514:
9487:
9457:
9425:
9389:
9357:
9338:
9319:
9297:
9278:
9249:
9234:
9204:
9159:
9141:Bloomberg News
9126:
9090:
9057:
9039:Deutsche Welle
9024:
8991:
8947:
8914:
8881:
8845:
8810:
8777:
8753:
8735:Bloomberg News
8721:
8688:
8655:
8636:
8609:
8589:
8570:
8546:
8506:
8465:
8414:
8393:10.1086/670802
8369:
8342:(3): 362–394.
8324:
8297:(6): 763–790.
8279:
8264:
8234:
8213:(1): 403–422.
8191:
8159:
8132:
8109:
8090:
8066:
8047:
8023:
8004:
7986:Diamond, Larry
7976:
7957:
7933:
7914:
7890:
7871:
7846:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7837:
7836:
7823:
7811:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7782:
7781:
7776:
7769:
7766:
7719:
7716:
7700:
7697:
7675:
7672:
7643:
7640:
7590:
7587:
7562:Main article:
7559:
7558:United Nations
7556:
7543:
7540:
7496:Main article:
7493:
7490:
7466:
7463:
7334:United Nations
7283:George W. Bush
7260:
7257:
7203:Main article:
7200:
7197:
7192:naturalization
7177:
7174:
7155:Main article:
7152:
7149:
7115:
7112:
7055:
7047:
7044:
7034:
7031:
7010:
7007:
6967:Main article:
6964:
6961:
6925:
6922:
6919:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6912:
6911:
6910:
6893:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6872:
6869:
6864:
6861:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6846:
6834:
6833:
6832:
6819:
6814:
6813:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6798:
6795:
6790:
6787:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6762:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6741:
6738:
6733:
6730:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6715:
6705:
6700:
6699:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6684:
6681:
6676:
6673:
6667:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6659:
6658:
6648:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6627:
6624:
6619:
6616:
6610:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6603:
6602:
6601:
6595:State offices
6593:
6592:
6591:
6585:
6578:
6565:
6553:
6552:
6551:
6544:
6537:
6530:
6523:
6516:
6506:Party offices
6503:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6482:
6479:
6474:
6471:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6456:
6444:
6443:
6442:
6432:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6411:
6408:
6403:
6400:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6368:
6363:
6362:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6347:
6344:
6339:
6336:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6321:
6305:
6304:
6303:
6289:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6268:
6265:
6260:
6257:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6243:
6242:
6232:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6211:
6208:
6203:
6200:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6185:
6181:Fourth-Ranked
6175:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6154:
6151:
6146:
6143:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6129:
6128:
6122:
6105:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6084:
6081:
6076:
6073:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6060:
6059:
6058:
6044:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6023:
6020:
6015:
6012:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5998:
5997:
5987:State offices
5985:
5984:
5983:
5977:
5971:
5965:
5959:
5953:
5947:
5940:Party offices
5937:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5916:
5913:
5908:
5905:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5873:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5844:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5812:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5783:
5780:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5765:
5755:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5734:
5731:
5726:
5723:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5708:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5681:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5652:
5649:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5630:Second-Ranked
5625:
5624:
5623:
5613:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5584:
5581:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5556:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5535:
5532:
5527:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5510:
5509:
5499:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5478:
5475:
5470:
5467:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5442:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5413:
5410:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5385:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5356:
5353:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5339:
5338:
5332:
5326:General Office
5322:
5308:Party offices
5305:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5276:
5273:
5267:
5266:
5261:
5259:No. of offices
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5215:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5194:
5180:Party offices
5177:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5156:
5146:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5131:
5128:
5125:
5120:
5117:
5112:
5105:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5085:State offices
5082:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5061:
5051:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5025:
5022:
5017:
5010:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4991:
4985:General Office
4981:
4967:Party offices
4964:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4943:
4934:
4924:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4898:
4895:
4890:
4883:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4853:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4832:
4826:
4816:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4790:
4787:
4782:
4775:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4745:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4724:
4717:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4691:
4688:
4683:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4653:State offices
4651:
4650:
4649:
4643:
4637:
4631:
4625:
4619:
4613:
4606:Party offices
4603:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4582:
4576:
4570:
4560:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4534:
4531:
4526:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4500:State offices
4498:
4497:
4496:
4490:
4483:
4470:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4411:Party offices
4408:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4387:
4377:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4351:
4348:
4343:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4324:No. of offices
4321:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4274:
4271:
4224:
4221:
4204:liberalization
4200:
4199:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4149:Party Congress
4141:Main article:
4138:
4135:
4101:
4098:
4014:(KMT) fled to
4004:mainland China
3968:
3967:
3948:
3946:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3811:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3772:
3770:Related topics
3769:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3657:
3643:
3629:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3571:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3562:Silk Road Fund
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3523:
3522:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3458:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3421:
3420:
3414:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3349:
3344:
3333:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3293:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3242:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3196:
3195:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3151:Zhuang Rongwen
3148:
3140:
3139:
3133:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3115:Great Firewall
3100:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3090:Internal media
3085:Media of China
3082:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3063:
3062:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3043:People's Daily
3039:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3029:Reference News
3020:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3007:
3006:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2965:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2947:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2924:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2897:
2889:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2829:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2806:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2771:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2756:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2590:
2581:
2568:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2533:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2419:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2396:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2369:
2368:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2257:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2133:Zhang Shengmin
2124:
2123:
2122:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2033:General Office
2027:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2019:Zhang Shengmin
2015:
2008:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1940:Military organ
1939:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1904:General Office
1901:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1876:
1875:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1837:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1796:
1784:
1771:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1739:Vice President
1737:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1707:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1639:Ethnic Affairs
1631:
1630:
1629:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1605:
1596:
1579:
1573:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1500:Zhang Shengmin
1491:
1490:
1489:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1412:
1411:
1403:General Office
1400:
1399:
1398:
1393:Office Chief:
1392:
1390:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1339:
1337:
1331:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1317:Office Chief:
1316:
1314:
1301:Vice-Chairman:
1300:
1298:
1292:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1270:
1268:
1259:
1252:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1230:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1119:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1016:
999:
998:
997:
996:
982:
981:
980:
979:
969:
968:
967:
955:
954:
953:
946:
934:
927:
919:
909:
908:
907:
906:
901:
889:
888:
887:
882:
870:
869:
868:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
834:
833:
832:
831:
829:
828:
823:
818:
812:
799:
796:
795:
790:
784:
783:
782:
779:
778:
775:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
743:
742:
738:
737:
732:
723:
714:
705:
696:
687:
678:
677:
676:
667:
655:
654:
649:
643:
642:
641:
640:
635:
630:
621:
612:
597:
591:
584:
583:
578:
572:
567:
566:
563:
562:
559:
558:
550:
549:
544:
537:
536:
531:
527:
526:
520:
516:
515:
510:
506:
505:
499:
498:
493:
489:
488:
482:
478:
477:
472:
468:
467:
465:Judicial organ
461:
460:
435:
431:
430:
425:
421:
420:
415:
411:
410:
404:
403:
394:
390:
389:
384:
380:
379:
374:
370:
369:
367:Military organ
363:
362:
357:
353:
352:
347:
343:
342:
337:
333:
332:
327:
323:
322:
317:
313:
312:
307:
303:
302:
296:
295:
290:
286:
285:
279:
278:
273:
269:
268:
263:
259:
258:
253:
249:
248:
244:
243:
234:
230:
229:
224:
223:Presiding body
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
195:
194:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
172:
171:Military organ
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
101:
100:
98:1 October 1949
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
71:
67:
66:
61:
53:
52:
47:
41:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
16133:
16122:
16119:
16118:
16116:
16106:
16096:
16094:
16084:
16082:
16077:
16072:
16071:
16068:
16055:
16051:
16047:
16045:
16037:
16036:
16033:
16027:
16024:
16022:
16019:
16017:
16014:
16012:
16009:
16007:
16004:
16003:
16001:
15996:
15992:
15986:
15983:
15981:
15980:South Ossetia
15978:
15976:
15973:
15971:
15968:
15966:
15963:
15962:
15960:
15958:
15952:
15946:
15943:
15941:
15938:
15936:
15933:
15931:
15928:
15926:
15923:
15921:
15918:
15916:
15913:
15911:
15908:
15906:
15903:
15901:
15898:
15896:
15893:
15891:
15888:
15886:
15883:
15881:
15878:
15876:
15873:
15871:
15868:
15866:
15863:
15861:
15858:
15856:
15853:
15851:
15848:
15846:
15843:
15841:
15838:
15836:
15833:
15831:
15828:
15826:
15823:
15821:
15818:
15816:
15813:
15811:
15808:
15806:
15803:
15801:
15798:
15796:
15793:
15791:
15788:
15786:
15783:
15781:
15778:
15776:
15773:
15771:
15768:
15766:
15763:
15761:
15758:
15756:
15753:
15751:
15748:
15746:
15743:
15741:
15738:
15736:
15733:
15731:
15728:
15726:
15723:
15721:
15718:
15716:
15713:
15711:
15708:
15706:
15703:
15702:
15700:
15698:
15694:
15690:
15683:
15678:
15676:
15671:
15669:
15664:
15663:
15660:
15648:
15645:
15643:
15640:
15639:
15634:
15630:
15627:
15623:
15622:
15618:
15608:
15605:
15603:
15600:
15598:
15595:
15594:
15592:
15590:
15586:
15580:
15577:
15575:
15572:
15570:
15567:
15565:
15562:
15560:
15557:
15553:
15552:Protestantism
15550:
15548:
15545:
15544:
15543:
15540:
15538:
15537:Folk religion
15535:
15533:
15530:
15526:
15523:
15521:
15518:
15517:
15516:
15513:
15512:
15510:
15508:
15504:
15498:
15495:
15493:
15490:
15485:
15481:
15478:
15474:
15473:
15472:
15469:
15467:
15464:
15462:
15459:
15457:
15454:
15452:
15449:
15447:
15444:
15442:
15441:Ethnic groups
15439:
15437:
15434:
15433:
15431:
15429:
15425:
15415:
15412:
15410:
15407:
15405:
15402:
15400:
15397:
15395:
15392:
15390:
15387:
15385:
15382:
15380:
15377:
15375:
15372:
15370:
15367:
15365:
15362:
15360:
15357:
15355:
15354:Four Beauties
15352:
15350:
15347:
15345:
15342:
15340:
15337:
15335:
15332:
15331:
15329:
15325:
15319:
15316:
15314:
15311:
15309:
15306:
15304:
15301:
15299:
15296:
15294:
15291:
15289:
15286:
15284:
15281:
15279:
15276:
15274:
15271:
15269:
15266:
15262:
15259:
15258:
15257:
15254:
15252:
15249:
15247:
15244:
15242:
15239:
15237:
15234:
15232:
15229:
15227:
15224:
15222:
15219:
15217:
15214:
15213:
15211:
15209:
15205:
15199:
15196:
15194:
15193:Urban society
15191:
15189:
15186:
15182:
15179:
15178:
15177:
15174:
15170:
15167:
15165:
15162:
15160:
15157:
15155:
15152:
15151:
15150:
15149:Social issues
15147:
15145:
15142:
15138:
15135:
15134:
15133:
15130:
15128:
15127:Rural society
15125:
15123:
15120:
15118:
15115:
15111:
15108:
15106:
15103:
15102:
15101:
15098:
15096:
15093:
15089:
15086:
15082:
15079:
15078:
15077:
15074:
15073:
15072:
15069:
15067:
15064:
15060:
15057:
15056:
15055:
15052:
15048:
15045:
15043:
15040:
15038:
15035:
15034:
15033:
15030:
15028:
15027:Chinese Dream
15025:
15023:
15020:
15018:
15015:
15014:
15011:
15008:
15006:
15002:
14992:
14991:Space program
14989:
14987:
14984:
14982:
14979:
14977:
14974:
14972:
14969:
14968:
14966:
14964:
14960:
14954:
14951:
14947:
14944:
14943:
14942:
14939:
14935:
14932:
14931:
14930:
14927:
14926:
14924:
14920:
14914:
14911:
14909:
14906:
14904:
14901:
14899:
14896:
14894:
14891:
14887:
14884:
14882:
14879:
14877:
14874:
14872:
14869:
14867:
14864:
14863:
14862:
14859:
14857:
14854:
14852:
14849:
14847:
14844:
14840:
14837:
14835:
14832:
14830:
14827:
14826:
14825:
14822:
14818:
14815:
14814:
14813:
14810:
14806:
14803:
14801:
14798:
14797:
14796:
14793:
14791:
14788:
14784:
14781:
14780:
14779:
14776:
14774:
14771:
14769:
14766:
14765:
14762:
14759:
14757:
14753:
14741:
14738:
14737:
14736:
14733:
14729:
14726:
14725:
14724:
14721:
14717:
14714:
14712:
14709:
14707:
14704:
14702:
14699:
14697:
14694:
14693:
14692:
14689:
14687:
14684:
14682:
14679:
14677:
14674:
14673:
14671:
14669:
14665:
14659:
14656:
14652:
14649:
14647:
14644:
14643:
14642:
14641:State Council
14639:
14635:
14632:
14631:
14630:
14627:
14623:
14620:
14619:
14618:
14615:
14609:
14606:
14605:
14604:
14601:
14597:
14594:
14592:
14589:
14588:
14587:
14584:
14583:
14582:
14579:
14577:
14574:
14570:
14567:
14566:
14565:
14562:
14560:
14557:
14555:
14552:
14550:
14547:
14543:
14540:
14539:
14538:
14535:
14533:
14530:
14528:
14527:Civil service
14525:
14524:
14522:
14520:
14516:
14506:
14503:
14501:
14498:
14496:
14493:
14489:
14486:
14485:
14484:
14481:
14477:
14474:
14472:
14469:
14468:
14467:
14464:
14462:
14459:
14458:
14456:
14454:
14450:
14446:
14443:
14441:
14437:
14427:
14424:
14422:
14419:
14417:
14414:
14412:
14409:
14408:
14406:
14404:
14400:
14388:
14385:
14383:
14380:
14379:
14378:
14375:
14373:
14370:
14368:
14365:
14363:
14360:
14358:
14355:
14353:
14350:
14348:
14345:
14343:
14340:
14338:
14335:
14334:
14332:
14330:
14326:
14318:
14315:
14313:
14310:
14308:
14305:
14303:
14300:
14299:
14297:
14295:
14292:
14290:
14287:
14285:
14282:
14280:
14277:
14275:
14272:
14270:
14267:
14266:
14264:
14260:
14254:
14251:
14249:
14246:
14244:
14240:
14236:
14233:
14231:
14228:
14224:
14221:
14219:
14216:
14215:
14214:
14211:
14209:
14206:
14204:
14201:
14199:
14196:
14194:
14191:
14189:
14186:
14184:
14181:
14179:
14176:
14175:
14173:
14169:
14161:
14158:
14156:
14153:
14152:
14151:
14148:
14144:
14141:
14139:
14136:
14135:
14134:
14133:South Central
14131:
14129:
14126:
14124:
14121:
14119:
14116:
14115:
14113:
14111:
14107:
14101:
14098:
14096:
14093:
14091:
14088:
14086:
14083:
14082:
14079:
14076:
14074:
14070:
14058:
14055:
14053:
14050:
14048:
14045:
14043:
14040:
14038:
14035:
14034:
14033:
14030:
14026:
14023:
14021:
14018:
14017:
14016:
14013:
14011:
14008:
14007:
14005:
14003:
13999:
13991:
13988:
13986:
13983:
13981:
13978:
13977:
13976:
13973:
13971:
13968:
13966:
13963:
13961:
13958:
13956:
13953:
13951:
13948:
13946:
13943:
13941:
13938:
13936:
13933:
13931:
13928:
13926:
13923:
13921:
13920:Jin (266–420)
13918:
13914:
13911:
13909:
13906:
13904:
13901:
13900:
13899:
13896:
13894:
13891:
13889:
13886:
13885:
13883:
13881:
13877:
13869:
13866:
13864:
13861:
13859:
13856:
13855:
13854:
13851:
13847:
13844:
13843:
13842:
13839:
13837:
13834:
13833:
13831:
13829:
13825:
13817:
13814:
13812:
13809:
13807:
13804:
13803:
13802:
13799:
13797:
13794:
13793:
13791:
13789:
13785:
13779:
13776:
13774:
13771:
13769:
13766:
13764:
13763:Ethnic groups
13761:
13757:
13754:
13752:
13749:
13747:
13744:
13743:
13741:
13739:
13736:
13734:
13731:
13729:
13726:
13724:
13721:
13719:
13716:
13715:
13713:
13709:
13706:
13704:
13700:
13696:
13692:
13685:
13680:
13678:
13673:
13671:
13666:
13665:
13662:
13650:
13647:
13644:
13643:
13640:
13630:
13627:
13626:
13624:
13620:
13614:
13611:
13609:
13606:
13605:
13603:
13601:
13597:
13589:
13584:
13581:
13579:
13576:
13574:
13571:
13569:
13566:
13564:
13561:
13560:
13558:
13556:
13550:
13544:
13541:
13539:
13536:
13534:
13531:
13529:
13526:
13524:
13521:
13519:
13516:
13514:
13511:
13509:
13506:
13504:
13501:
13499:
13496:
13494:
13491:
13489:
13486:
13484:
13481:
13479:
13476:
13474:
13471:
13469:
13466:
13464:
13461:
13459:
13456:
13454:
13451:
13449:
13446:
13444:
13441:
13439:
13436:
13435:
13433:
13431:
13427:
13421:
13418:
13416:
13413:
13411:
13408:
13406:
13403:
13402:
13400:
13398:
13394:
13391:
13387:
13381:
13373:
13367:
13364:
13360:
13357:
13355:
13354:Minor parties
13352:
13350:
13347:
13346:
13345:
13342:
13341:
13339:
13337:
13333:
13325:
13322:
13321:
13320:
13317:
13313:
13310:
13309:
13308:
13305:
13303:
13300:
13296:
13293:
13291:
13288:
13286:
13283:
13281:
13278:
13277:
13276:
13273:
13269:
13266:
13264:
13261:
13259:
13258:Vice Premiers
13256:
13254:
13251:
13250:
13249:
13248:State Council
13246:
13242:
13239:
13238:
13237:
13234:
13228:
13225:
13224:
13223:
13220:
13219:
13218:
13215:
13213:
13210:
13209:
13207:
13205:
13199:
13194:
13184:
13181:
13179:
13176:
13172:
13169:
13168:
13167:
13164:
13160:
13157:
13153:
13150:
13146:
13143:
13142:
13141:
13138:
13137:
13136:
13133:
13132:
13131:
13128:
13127:
13125:
13123:
13119:
13113:
13110:
13108:
13105:
13103:
13100:
13099:
13096:
13092:
13085:
13080:
13078:
13073:
13071:
13066:
13065:
13062:
13051:
13045:
13041:
13037:
13030:
13022:
13018:
13013:
13008:
13004:
13003:
12998:
12991:
12975:
12971:
12970:
12965:
12958:
12956:
12948:
12935:
12931:
12927:
12923:
12922:
12921:The Economist
12916:
12909:
12901:
12897:
12893:
12887:
12883:
12879:
12875:
12871:
12867:
12861:
12853:
12851:9783838219073
12847:
12843:
12839:
12832:
12824:
12818:
12814:
12810:
12806:
12802:
12795:
12787:
12781:
12777:
12773:
12767:
12765:
12763:
12761:
12752:
12748:
12744:
12740:
12735:
12730:
12727:(91): 29–41.
12726:
12722:
12721:
12716:
12709:
12701:
12697:
12693:
12689:
12685:
12681:
12677:
12673:
12669:
12665:
12664:
12659:
12652:
12650:
12633:
12629:
12625:
12621:
12617:
12613:
12609:
12605:
12601:
12597:
12593:
12592:
12587:
12580:
12578:
12569:
12567:9781032139609
12563:
12559:
12555:
12548:
12546:
12544:
12542:
12540:
12531:
12529:9781736850084
12525:
12521:
12514:
12512:
12503:
12501:9780197682258
12497:
12493:
12489:
12485:
12481:
12474:
12472:
12470:
12468:
12466:
12449:
12445:
12444:
12439:
12432:
12416:
12412:
12411:
12406:
12399:
12383:
12379:
12375:
12371:
12364:
12348:
12343:
12338:
12334:
12330:
12323:
12307:
12303:
12299:
12292:
12276:
12272:
12271:
12266:
12259:
12257:
12255:
12246:
12242:
12238:
12236:0-674-95135-2
12232:
12228:
12224:
12217:
12201:
12197:
12196:
12191:
12185:
12183:
12174:
12169:
12165:
12159:
12155:
12148:
12141:
12137:
12134:
12129:
12121:
12115:
12111:
12107:
12103:
12102:
12094:
12078:
12074:
12070:
12066:
12062:
12058:
12054:
12050:
12046:
12042:
12038:
12037:
12032:
12025:
12009:
12005:
12001:
11995:
11979:
11975:
11974:
11969:
11963:
11949:
11943:
11939:
11935:
11931:
11927:
11920:
11913:
11912:Policy Review
11909:
11905:
11902:
11896:
11889:
11885:
11882:
11876:
11867:
11862:
11858:
11854:
11850:
11843:
11827:
11823:
11819:
11812:
11796:
11792:
11791:
11786:
11779:
11763:
11759:
11755:
11751:
11750:
11744:
11736:
11720:
11716:
11712:
11706:
11690:
11686:
11682:
11675:
11659:
11655:
11651:
11647:
11641:
11625:
11621:
11620:
11615:
11609:
11593:
11589:
11588:
11583:
11577:
11561:
11557:
11556:
11551:
11545:
11529:
11525:
11524:
11518:
11511:
11495:
11491:
11490:
11485:
11479:
11463:
11459:
11458:
11453:
11447:
11431:
11427:
11426:
11421:
11415:
11399:
11395:
11391:
11385:
11369:
11365:
11361:
11355:
11347:
11343:
11339:
11335:
11331:
11325:
11321:
11317:
11313:
11309:
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11299:
11283:
11279:
11275:
11268:
11253:
11249:
11245:
11239:
11220:
11216:
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11208:
11201:
11197:
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11175:
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11136:
11132:
11128:
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11114:
11098:
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11081:
11079:
11071:
11065:
11061:
11057:
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11027:
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11019:
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10989:
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10979:
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10959:
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10940:
10936:
10932:
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10910:
10906:
10902:
10887:
10883:
10882:
10877:
10871:
10855:
10851:
10847:
10841:
10825:
10821:
10817:
10811:
10795:
10791:
10787:
10786:"Shi Taifeng"
10781:
10762:
10758:
10751:
10747:
10741:
10725:
10721:
10717:
10702:
10698:
10694:
10688:
10672:
10668:
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10649:
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10639:
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10593:
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10561:
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10538:
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10528:
10522:
10503:
10499:
10492:
10488:
10482:
10466:
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10435:
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10408:
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10398:
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10376:
10372:
10368:
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10349:
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10339:
10320:
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10299:
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10228:
10224:
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10193:
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10139:
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10107:
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10096:
10092:
10086:
10084:
10064:
10060:
10053:
10049:
10043:
10041:
10021:
10017:
10010:
10006:
10000:
9998:
9978:
9974:
9967:
9966:"Li Qiang 李强"
9963:
9957:
9955:
9935:
9931:
9924:
9920:
9914:
9912:
9895:
9891:
9887:
9881:
9865:
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9860:
9855:
9848:
9832:
9828:
9827:
9822:
9816:
9800:
9796:
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9790:
9783:
9781:
9773:
9767:
9763:
9759:
9755:
9751:
9747:
9740:
9738:
9729:
9723:
9719:
9715:
9711:
9707:
9700:
9692:
9688:
9684:
9680:
9676:
9672:
9668:
9662:
9658:
9654:
9650:
9647:. New Haven:
9646:
9642:
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9628:
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9610:
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9602:
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9560:
9559:
9558:The Economist
9554:
9548:
9532:
9528:
9524:
9518:
9502:
9498:
9491:
9475:
9471:
9470:www.fx361.com
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9301:
9285:
9281:
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9074:
9073:
9068:
9061:
9045:
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9040:
9035:
9028:
9012:
9008:
9007:
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8988:
8975:
8971:
8967:
8963:
8962:
8961:The Economist
8957:
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8935:
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8925:
8918:
8902:
8898:
8897:
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8885:
8869:
8865:
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8859:
8855:
8849:
8832:
8827:
8826:
8821:
8814:
8798:
8794:
8793:
8788:
8781:
8773:
8769:
8768:
8763:
8757:
8741:
8737:
8736:
8731:
8725:
8709:
8705:
8704:
8699:
8692:
8676:
8672:
8671:
8666:
8659:
8652:
8648:
8645:
8640:
8624:
8620:
8616:
8612:
8610:7-5072-0908-3
8606:
8602:
8601:
8593:
8577:
8573:
8567:
8563:
8559:
8558:
8550:
8534:
8530:
8526:
8522:
8521:
8520:The Economist
8516:
8510:
8494:
8490:
8486:
8482:
8481:
8476:
8469:
8461:
8457:
8453:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8435:
8431:
8430:
8425:
8418:
8410:
8406:
8402:
8398:
8394:
8390:
8386:
8382:
8381:
8373:
8365:
8361:
8357:
8353:
8349:
8345:
8341:
8337:
8336:
8328:
8320:
8316:
8312:
8308:
8304:
8300:
8296:
8292:
8291:
8283:
8275:
8271:
8267:
8261:
8257:
8253:
8249:
8245:
8238:
8230:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8212:
8208:
8207:
8202:
8195:
8179:
8175:
8174:
8173:Freedom House
8169:
8163:
8147:
8143:
8139:
8135:
8129:
8125:
8124:
8119:
8113:
8097:
8093:
8087:
8083:
8079:
8078:
8070:
8054:
8050:
8044:
8040:
8036:
8035:
8027:
8011:
8007:
8001:
7997:
7993:
7992:
7987:
7980:
7964:
7960:
7954:
7950:
7946:
7945:
7937:
7921:
7917:
7911:
7907:
7903:
7902:
7894:
7878:
7874:
7868:
7864:
7860:
7859:
7851:
7847:
7833:
7827:
7820:
7815:
7808:
7804:
7800:
7794:
7790:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7771:
7765:
7763:
7762:Chinese Dream
7758:
7756:
7752:
7748:
7744:
7740:
7735:
7733:
7728:
7724:
7715:
7710:
7706:
7696:
7694:
7690:
7686:
7682:
7671:
7667:
7665:
7661:
7656:
7655:public sphere
7651:
7650:are ongoing.
7649:
7648:civil society
7642:Civil society
7639:
7637:
7632:
7629:
7625:
7622:(ACFIC) is a
7621:
7616:
7614:
7610:
7605:
7601:
7596:
7586:
7584:
7580:
7575:
7571:
7565:
7555:
7553:
7549:
7539:
7537:
7533:
7529:
7525:
7521:
7517:
7513:
7510:in 1962, the
7509:
7505:
7499:
7489:
7487:
7482:
7476:
7472:
7462:
7460:
7456:
7452:
7448:
7444:
7440:
7439:revisionistic
7436:
7432:
7428:
7424:
7420:
7416:
7411:
7409:
7405:
7401:
7397:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7381:
7377:
7373:
7369:
7365:
7360:
7358:
7354:
7350:
7345:
7343:
7339:
7335:
7331:
7323:
7319:
7314:
7307:
7303:
7302:United States
7300:
7296:
7292:
7288:
7284:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7266:
7256:
7254:
7251:calling it a
7250:
7246:
7242:
7238:
7234:
7230:
7226:
7222:
7218:
7212:
7206:
7196:
7193:
7187:
7183:
7171:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7148:
7146:
7142:
7135:
7129:
7125:
7121:
7111:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7053:
7043:
7041:
7030:
7028:
7027:vice premiers
7024:
7023:State Council
7020:
7016:
7009:State Council
7006:
7004:
7000:
6996:
6990:
6988:
6984:
6980:
6976:
6970:
6963:Minor parties
6960:
6956:
6954:
6949:
6947:
6943:
6939:
6930:
6917:
6909:
6905:
6901:
6898:
6897:
6896:State office
6895:
6894:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6873:
6870:
6860:
6856:
6853:
6845:
6841:
6838:
6837:
6836:State office
6835:
6831:
6827:
6824:
6823:
6822:Party office
6821:
6820:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6799:
6796:
6786:
6782:
6779:
6771:
6768:Third-Ranked
6767:
6766:
6765:State office
6764:
6763:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6742:
6739:
6729:
6728:Zhang Guoqing
6725:
6722:
6714:
6710:
6709:
6708:Party office
6707:
6706:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6685:
6682:
6672:
6668:
6665:
6657:
6653:
6652:
6651:Party office
6650:
6649:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6628:
6625:
6615:
6611:
6608:
6600:
6597:
6596:
6594:
6590:
6586:
6583:
6579:
6577:
6573:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6549:
6545:
6542:
6538:
6535:
6531:
6528:
6524:
6521:
6517:
6515:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6504:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6483:
6480:
6470:
6466:
6463:
6455:
6451:
6448:
6447:
6446:State office
6445:
6441:
6437:
6436:
6435:Party office
6434:
6433:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6412:
6409:
6399:
6395:
6392:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6348:
6345:
6335:
6331:
6328:
6320:
6316:
6312:
6311:Vice Chairman
6309:
6308:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6293:
6292:Party office
6291:
6290:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6269:
6266:
6256:
6252:
6249:
6241:
6237:
6236:
6235:Party office
6234:
6233:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6199:
6195:
6192:
6184:
6180:
6179:
6178:State office
6177:
6176:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6155:
6152:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6127:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6108:Party office
6107:
6106:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6085:
6082:
6072:
6068:
6065:
6057:
6053:
6049:
6048:
6047:Party office
6046:
6045:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6024:
6021:
6011:
6007:
6004:
5996:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5976:
5972:
5970:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5958:
5954:
5952:
5948:
5946:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5938:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5917:
5914:
5904:
5900:
5897:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5876:State office
5875:
5874:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5853:
5850:
5840:
5836:
5833:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5816:
5815:Party office
5814:
5813:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5779:
5775:
5772:
5764:
5760:
5759:
5758:Party office
5757:
5756:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5722:
5721:Huang Kunming
5718:
5715:
5707:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5698:State office
5697:
5693:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5684:Party office
5683:
5682:
5674:
5672:
5671:Undergraduate
5669:
5667:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5627:State office
5626:
5622:
5618:
5617:
5616:Party office
5615:
5614:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5580:
5576:
5573:
5565:
5561:
5560:
5559:State office
5558:
5557:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5523:
5522:Ding Xuexiang
5519:
5516:
5508:
5504:
5503:
5502:Party office
5501:
5500:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5451:
5447:
5446:
5445:Party office
5444:
5443:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5409:
5405:
5402:
5394:
5390:
5389:
5388:Party office
5387:
5386:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5362:
5352:
5348:
5345:
5337:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5272:
5268:
5235:
5230:
5223:
5207:
5199:
5195:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5170:
5164:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5116:
5110:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5091:
5088:First-Ranked
5087:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5075:
5069:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5031:
5021:
5020:Ding Xuexiang
5015:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5004:
4996:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4957:
4951:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4921:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4904:
4894:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4846:
4840:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4786:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4769:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4748:State office
4747:
4746:
4738:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4687:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4670:
4662:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4596:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4530:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4513:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4401:
4395:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4347:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4302:
4297:
4282:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4228:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4205:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4107:
4097:
4094:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4042:head of state
4039:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3964:
3952:
3947:
3938:
3937:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3911:authoritarian
3907:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3880:unified power
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3845:
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3833:
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3826:
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3501:Spokespersons
3499:
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3216:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3193:Ding Xuexiang
3190:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3152:
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3141:
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3112:
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3103:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Radio jamming
3071:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3056:
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3047:
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2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2777:Wang Xiaohong
2774:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2741:
2738:
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2637:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2627:
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2623:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2611:
2610:Wang Dongfeng
2607:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2578:
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2256:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2228:State Council
2226:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2166:
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2108:
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2099:
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2089:
2086:
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2078:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2039:Zhong Shaojun
2036:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2029:Departments:
2028:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:Vice Chairmen
1968:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1842:Wang Xiaohong
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1815:Zhang Guoqing
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1801:Ding Xuexiang
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1787:Vice-Premiers
1785:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1721:
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1714:
1710:
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1694:
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1677:
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1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
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1632:
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1615:
1611:
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1603:
1599:
1595:
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1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1566:
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1538:
1536:
1533:
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1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1496:
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1492:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1338:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1272:Vice Chairmen
1269:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1141:Chinese Dream
1139:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
995:
994:
990:
989:
988:
985:
984:
978:
975:
974:
973:
970:
966:
965:
961:
960:
959:
956:
952:
951:
947:
945:
944:
940:
939:
938:
935:
933:
932:
928:
925:
924:
920:
917:
916:
912:
911:
905:
902:
900:
899:
895:
894:
893:
890:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
876:
873:
872:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
840:
836:
835:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
813:
811:
810:
809:
806:
805:
804:
801:
800:
794:
791:
789:
786:
785:
781:
780:
773:
772:Civil service
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
747:Unified power
745:
744:
740:
739:
736:
733:
731:
727:
724:
722:
718:
715:
713:
709:
706:
704:
700:
697:
695:
691:
688:
686:
682:
679:
674:
670:
666:
665:
664:
660:
657:
656:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
625:
622:
620:
616:
613:
611:
607:
604:
603:
602:(since 2017)
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
585:
582:
579:
577:
574:
573:
570:
565:
564:
561:
560:
556:
552:
551:
547:
543:
542:
535:
532:
528:
524:
521:
517:
514:
511:
507:
504:
500:
497:
494:
490:
486:
483:
479:
476:
473:
469:
466:
462:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
436:
434:Vice Director
432:
429:
426:
422:
419:
416:
412:
409:
405:
402:
398:
395:
393:Vice Chairman
391:
388:
385:
381:
378:
375:
371:
368:
364:
361:
358:
354:
351:
348:
344:
341:
338:
334:
331:
328:
324:
321:
318:
314:
311:
308:
304:
301:
297:
294:
293:State Council
291:
287:
284:
280:
277:
274:
270:
267:
264:
260:
257:
254:
252:Standing body
250:
247:Standing Body
245:
242:
238:
235:
233:Meeting place
231:
228:
225:
221:
218:
215:
211:
208:
205:
201:
196:
193:
189:
186:
183:
179:
176:
173:
169:
166:
163:
159:
156:
153:
149:
146:
143:
139:
136:
133:
129:
126:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
106:
102:
99:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
79:
75:
72:
68:
64:
59:
54:
39:
36:
32:
27:
19:
15995:Dependencies
15925:Turkmenistan
15890:Saudi Arabia
15744:
15542:Christianity
15532:Confucianism
15492:Urbanization
15428:Demographics
15404:Gang of Four
15369:Four Symbols
15268:Martial arts
15042:Prostitution
14929:Architecture
14783:Central bank
14651:Vice Premier
14603:United front
14532:Constitution
14488:Penal system
14466:Human rights
14439:
14403:Subdivisions
14241: /
14237: /
14160:Southwestern
14155:Northwestern
13858:Western Zhou
13806:Yellow River
13756:1949–present
13473:Heilongjiang
13336:United front
13183:Constitution
13102:Constitution
13090:
13035:
13029:
13000:
12990:
12978:. Retrieved
12967:
12945:
12938:. Retrieved
12919:
12908:
12869:
12860:
12837:
12831:
12800:
12794:
12775:
12724:
12718:
12708:
12667:
12661:
12636:. Retrieved
12595:
12589:
12553:
12519:
12479:
12454:11 September
12452:. Retrieved
12441:
12431:
12419:. Retrieved
12408:
12398:
12386:. Retrieved
12373:
12363:
12351:. Retrieved
12322:
12310:. Retrieved
12301:
12291:
12279:. Retrieved
12268:
12222:
12216:
12204:. Retrieved
12193:
12153:
12147:
12128:
12100:
12093:
12081:. Retrieved
12040:
12034:
12024:
12012:. Retrieved
12003:
11994:
11982:. Retrieved
11971:
11962:
11951:, retrieved
11929:
11919:
11911:
11895:
11875:
11856:
11852:
11842:
11832:26 September
11830:. Retrieved
11811:
11799:. Retrieved
11788:
11778:
11766:. Retrieved
11747:
11735:
11723:. Retrieved
11705:
11693:. Retrieved
11674:
11662:. Retrieved
11649:
11640:
11628:. Retrieved
11617:
11608:
11596:. Retrieved
11585:
11576:
11564:. Retrieved
11553:
11544:
11532:. Retrieved
11521:
11510:
11498:. Retrieved
11487:
11478:
11466:. Retrieved
11455:
11446:
11434:. Retrieved
11423:
11414:
11402:. Retrieved
11393:
11384:
11372:. Retrieved
11363:
11354:
11307:
11298:
11286:. Retrieved
11278:NPC Observer
11277:
11267:
11256:, retrieved
11247:
11238:
11226:. Retrieved
11190:
11178:. Retrieved
11167:
11157:
11119:
11113:
11101:. Retrieved
11090:
11051:
11030:. Retrieved
11026:the original
11006:. Retrieved
10999:the original
10978:
10966:. Retrieved
10962:the original
10943:. Retrieved
10939:the original
10925:
10913:. Retrieved
10909:the original
10890:. Retrieved
10886:the original
10879:
10870:
10858:. Retrieved
10854:the original
10840:
10828:. Retrieved
10824:the original
10810:
10798:. Retrieved
10794:the original
10780:
10768:. Retrieved
10761:the original
10740:
10728:. Retrieved
10724:the original
10705:. Retrieved
10701:the original
10687:
10675:. Retrieved
10671:the original
10652:. Retrieved
10648:the original
10641:
10631:
10619:. Retrieved
10615:the original
10596:. Retrieved
10592:the original
10585:
10576:
10564:. Retrieved
10560:the original
10541:. Retrieved
10537:the original
10530:
10521:
10509:. Retrieved
10502:the original
10481:
10469:. Retrieved
10465:the original
10450:
10438:. Retrieved
10434:the original
10415:. Retrieved
10411:the original
10404:
10391:
10379:. Retrieved
10375:the original
10356:. Retrieved
10352:the original
10338:
10326:. Retrieved
10319:the original
10298:
10286:. Retrieved
10282:the original
10263:. Retrieved
10259:the original
10252:
10243:
10231:. Retrieved
10227:the original
10220:
10211:
10199:. Retrieved
10192:the original
10156:. Retrieved
10149:the original
10113:. Retrieved
10106:the original
10070:. Retrieved
10063:the original
10027:. Retrieved
10020:the original
9984:. Retrieved
9977:the original
9941:. Retrieved
9934:the original
9898:. Retrieved
9894:the original
9880:
9868:. Retrieved
9857:
9847:
9835:. Retrieved
9826:Asia Society
9824:
9815:
9803:. Retrieved
9792:
9749:
9705:
9699:
9675:j.ctv3006z6k
9644:
9635:
9596:
9587:
9575:. Retrieved
9556:
9547:
9535:. Retrieved
9517:
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9490:
9478:. Retrieved
9469:
9460:
9448:. Retrieved
9437:
9428:
9416:. Retrieved
9401:
9392:
9380:. Retrieved
9369:
9360:
9341:
9322:
9315:
9300:
9288:. Retrieved
9264:
9213:
9207:
9198:
9191:. Retrieved
9174:The Guardian
9172:
9162:
9150:. Retrieved
9139:
9129:
9121:
9114:. Retrieved
9103:
9093:
9081:. Retrieved
9070:
9060:
9048:. Retrieved
9037:
9027:
9015:. Retrieved
9004:
8994:
8985:
8978:. Retrieved
8959:
8950:
8938:. Retrieved
8927:
8917:
8905:. Retrieved
8894:
8884:
8872:. Retrieved
8861:
8848:
8836:. Retrieved
8831:the original
8823:
8813:
8801:. Retrieved
8792:The Guardian
8790:
8780:
8772:the original
8765:
8756:
8744:. Retrieved
8733:
8724:
8712:. Retrieved
8703:The Guardian
8701:
8691:
8679:. Retrieved
8668:
8658:
8639:
8627:. Retrieved
8599:
8592:
8580:. Retrieved
8556:
8549:
8537:. Retrieved
8518:
8509:
8497:. Retrieved
8478:
8468:
8436:(1): 11–29.
8433:
8427:
8417:
8384:
8378:
8372:
8339:
8333:
8327:
8294:
8288:
8282:
8243:
8237:
8210:
8204:
8194:
8182:. Retrieved
8171:
8162:
8150:. Retrieved
8122:
8112:
8100:. Retrieved
8076:
8069:
8057:. Retrieved
8033:
8026:
8014:. Retrieved
7990:
7979:
7967:. Retrieved
7943:
7936:
7924:. Retrieved
7900:
7893:
7881:. Retrieved
7857:
7850:
7826:
7814:
7793:
7759:
7736:
7729:
7725:
7721:
7712:
7677:
7668:
7652:
7645:
7633:
7617:
7613:united front
7606:
7602:
7598:
7567:
7545:
7501:
7478:
7451:World War II
7412:
7361:
7346:
7327:
7295:relationship
7287:Liu Yongqing
7229:sinicization
7214:
7189:
7151:Legal system
7137:
7114:Armed forces
7109:
7058:
7056:
7036:
7012:
6991:
6979:united front
6972:
6957:
6950:
6935:
6785:Zhang Youxia
6217:Heilongjiang
6160:Heilongjiang
6141:Liu Guozhong
5839:Li Hongzhong
5465:Chen Wenqing
4941:economic law
4260:
4229:
4226:
4202:In relative
4201:
4146:
4119:
4113:
4103:
4095:
4091:
4074:
4068:
4035:
4020:
3993:
3958:
3950:
3919:
3908:
3853:
3781:Hukou system
3120:Great Cannon
3057:
3050:Global Times
3048:
3041:
3027:
2972:
2871:
2759:Chen Wenqing
2625:CCP (ruling)
2597:Top-ranked:
2565:United front
2165:Audit Office
1980:Zhang Youxia
1890:Central bank
1872:Wu Zhenglong
1849:Wu Zhenglong
1822:Liu Guozhong
1614:Li Hongzhong
1612:Top-ranked:
1277:Zhang Youxia
1171:Organization
1058:Constitution
1004:Criminal law
992:
964:Property Law
963:
958:Property law
949:
942:
931:Marriage Law
930:
922:
914:
897:
803:Constitution
788:Constitution
545:
397:Zhang Youxia
346:Headquarters
336:Current term
84:Constitution
35:
26:
16054:Asia portal
15955:States with
15875:Philippines
15815:South Korea
15810:North Korea
15705:Afghanistan
15308:Variety art
15303:Tea culture
15231:Calligraphy
15216:Archaeology
15076:Food safety
14871:Gold mining
14773:Aquaculture
14768:Agriculture
14728:Coast Guard
14495:Naming laws
14329:Environment
14317:South China
13796:Paleolithic
13788:Prehistoric
13746:before 1912
13375:Politics of
13349:Chairperson
13152:Secretariat
12947:responses.)
12342:resrep24803
11725:18 December
11695:18 December
11664:18 December
11489:Der Spiegel
11404:11 December
11338:j.ctv941tzj
11180:26 December
10958:China Vitae
10905:China Vitae
10881:China Daily
10850:China Vitae
10846:"Yin Li 尹力"
10720:China Vitae
10667:China Vitae
10611:China Vitae
10556:China Vitae
10430:China Vitae
10397:Pei, Minxin
10371:China Vitae
10278:China Vitae
10254:China Daily
10095:"Cai Qi 蔡奇"
9593:Doshi, Rush
9418:20 December
8681:28 February
7751:Han Chinese
7536:North Korea
7465:Foreign aid
7421:during the
7384:New Zealand
6711:Secretary,
6671:Yuan Jiajun
6654:Secretary,
6334:Wang Huning
6255:Shi Taifeng
6238:Secretary,
5761:Secretary,
5505:Secretary,
5448:Secretary,
5408:Chen Min'er
5391:Secretary,
5351:Chen Jining
5316:Secretariat
5068:engineering
4975:Secretariat
4785:Wang Huning
4250:, and then
4232:Jiang Zemin
4190:Secretariat
4121:China Today
3418:Wang Huning
3362:Taiwan Area
3300:Ho Iat-seng
3206:Xia Baolong
3059:China Today
2974:China Daily
2872:(chengguan)
2851: [
2757:Secretary:
2636:Shi Taifeng
2599:Shi Taifeng
2587:Wang Huning
2539: [
2522: [
2131:Secretary:
2094:Xu Xueqiang
1549:Party group
1498:Secretary:
1364:Wang Huning
1350:Wang Huning
926:(From 2021)
721:Wang Huning
673:Peng Liyuan
487:(President)
481:Chief judge
458:Zhang Fuhai
450:Sun Xinyang
350:Zhongnanhai
165:Secretariat
15935:Uzbekistan
15910:Tajikistan
15825:Kyrgyzstan
15805:Kazakhstan
15725:Bangladesh
15715:Azerbaijan
15569:Irreligion
15466:Statistics
15436:Emigration
15399:Four Wangs
15288:Philosophy
15273:Mass media
15256:Literature
15154:Patriarchy
15117:Propaganda
15037:Corruption
15022:Censorship
14812:E-commerce
14519:Government
14312:East China
14284:Waterfalls
14230:Peninsulas
14198:Grasslands
13553:Autonomous
13268:Ministries
13204:government
12980:31 January
12940:16 January
12900:1331741429
12840:. Ibidem.
12410:Eurasianet
12353:16 January
12004:World Bank
11801:20 October
11630:9 December
11374:13 January
10181:"Li Xi 李希"
9870:22 October
9837:14 October
9683:1348572572
9627:1256820870
9507:14 October
8629:25 October
8539:5 November
8499:5 November
8142:1251737887
7842:References
7832:Xi Jinping
7819:Xi Jinping
7685:technology
7593:See also:
7447:atrocities
7445:and other
7408:Uzbekistan
7404:Tajikistan
7400:Kyrgyzstan
7396:Kazakhstan
7347:Under the
7299:superpower
7291:Laura Bush
7180:See also:
7132:See also:
7050:See also:
6525:Chairman,
6518:Chairman,
6469:Xi Jinping
6438:Director,
6198:Ma Xingrui
6124:Director,
5943:Director,
5647:He Weidong
5619:Director,
5334:Director,
5324:Director,
5249:Birthplace
5196:Director,
5163:literature
4993:Director,
4983:Director,
4731:philosophy
4609:Director,
4430:Chairman,
4423:Chairman,
4346:Xi Jinping
4316:Birthplace
4209:Rush Doshi
4066:individual
4048:under the
4046:figurehead
4012:Kuomintang
3994:Since the
3972:See also:
3922:censorship
3468:Xi Jinping
3466:Director:
3429:Director:
3412:Xi Jinping
3204:Director:
3149:Director:
3134:Director:
2925:Director:
2912:Shen Yiqin
2886:Propaganda
2812:Chen Yixin
2341:Liu Jinguo
2339:Director:
2313:Xi Jinping
2120:Liu Faqing
2118:Director:
2105:Director:
2092:Director:
2079:Director:
2066:Director:
2055:Liu Zhenli
2037:Director:
2005:Liu Zhenli
1987:He Weidong
1963:Xi Jinping
1856:Shen Yiqin
1717:Xi Jinping
1407:Director:
1379:Xi Jinping
1377:Director:
1334:Xi Jinping
1332:Director:
1295:Xi Jinping
1293:Chairman:
1281:He Weidong
1265:Xi Jinping
1212:Xi Jinping
977:Patent law
943:Labour Law
937:Labour law
923:Civil Code
730:Xi Jinping
694:Xi Jinping
685:Xi Jinping
669:First lady
663:Xi Jinping
619:Xi Jinping
610:Xi Jinping
569:Leadership
454:Liu Xuexin
442:Yu Hongqiu
428:Liu Jinguo
401:He Weidong
387:Xi Jinping
356:Ministries
217:Unicameral
125:Xi Jinping
76:under the
49:中华人民共和国的政治
16105:Communism
16021:Hong Kong
15975:Palestine
15900:Sri Lanka
15895:Singapore
15775:Indonesia
15456:Languages
15409:Four Olds
15364:Four arts
15251:Libraries
15181:Structure
15144:Sexuality
15081:incidents
15054:Education
14963:Transport
14839:Renewable
14834:Petroleum
14629:President
14596:Politburo
14549:Elections
14537:Democracy
14505:Terrorism
14253:Volcanoes
14235:Northeast
14213:Mountains
14123:Northeast
14073:Geography
13980:High Qing
13801:Neolithic
13773:Dynasties
13751:1912–1949
13742:Economic
13711:Overviews
13649:Elections
13608:Hong Kong
13453:Guangdong
13430:Provinces
13410:Chongqing
13380:divisions
13312:President
13236:President
13171:Secretary
13135:Politburo
13021:0305-7410
12930:0013-0613
12805:Routledge
12772:Jin, Keyu
12743:2070-3449
12684:0003-0554
12628:145320886
12612:0026-749X
12558:Routledge
12421:2 October
12245:462172943
12073:133850310
12065:2398-9629
11758:0099-9660
11566:9 October
11457:The Times
11346:159282413
11228:31 August
11215:197812164
11149:883259659
10984:Li, Cheng
10816:"Wang Yi"
10746:Li, Cheng
10487:Li, Cheng
10304:Li, Cheng
10177:Li, Cheng
10134:Li, Cheng
10091:Li, Cheng
10048:Li, Cheng
10005:Li, Cheng
9962:Li, Cheng
9919:Li, Cheng
9805:3 January
9754:Routledge
9691:253067190
9567:0013-0613
9290:4 January
9244:248351747
9193:17 August
9183:0261-3077
9152:17 August
9116:17 August
9083:17 August
9050:17 August
9017:17 August
8980:17 August
8970:0013-0613
8940:12 August
8929:The Times
8907:12 August
8874:12 August
8838:12 August
8803:12 August
8529:0013-0613
8489:0362-4331
8460:154275103
8452:0007-1234
8409:144559373
8401:0002-9602
8364:155166131
8356:0010-4140
8311:0010-4140
8274:226899229
8229:1094-2939
7664:bourgeois
7380:Australia
7279:Hu Jintao
7237:ethnocide
6859:Zhao Leji
6112:Secretary
6010:Li Shulei
5778:Li Ganjie
5598:Guangdong
5579:He Lifeng
5254:Education
5184:Secretary
4686:Zhao Leji
4289:Portrait
4176:Politburo
3961:June 2023
3900:Hong Kong
3664:Hong Kong
3650:Hong Kong
3636:Hong Kong
3347:One China
3172:Hong Kong
2950:Li Shulei
2935:Li Shulei
2908:Li Shulei
2425:Ying Yong
2402:Zhang Jun
2398:President
2107:Wang Peng
2081:Zhang Lin
1997:Members:
1808:He Lifeng
1743:Han Zheng
1709:President
1693:Presidium
1602:Zhao Leji
1577:Elections
1535:Secretary
1483:Secretary
1454:Li Ganjie
1395:He Lifeng
1308:Zhao Leji
1158:Democracy
1083:Communism
918:(to 2020)
767:Elections
712:Zhao Leji
523:Ying Yong
485:Zhang Jun
330:President
326:Appointer
316:Currently
266:Zhao Leji
227:Presidium
155:Politburo
94:Formation
16115:Category
16081:Politics
16044:Category
15965:Abkhazia
15915:Thailand
15870:Pakistan
15850:Mongolia
15845:Maldives
15840:Malaysia
15740:Cambodia
15642:Category
15515:Buddhism
15507:Religion
15484:Post-90s
15477:Post-80s
15221:Archives
15088:HIV/AIDS
15059:Literacy
15017:Abortion
14946:Internet
14903:Taxation
14886:Textiles
14866:Chemical
14861:Industry
14790:Currency
14668:Military
14476:in Tibet
14440:Politics
14377:Wildlife
14289:Wetlands
14052:COVID-19
13880:Imperial
13778:Monarchs
13738:Language
13723:Timeline
13695:articles
13645:See also
13578:Xinjiang
13543:Zhejiang
13523:Shandong
13508:Liaoning
13415:Shanghai
13280:Chairman
13227:Chairman
13112:Ideology
13005:: 1–10.
12974:Archived
12969:Phys.org
12934:Archived
12868:(2023).
12774:(2023).
12751:24055481
12700:53577293
12692:43654017
12632:Archived
12620:23359834
12448:Archived
12415:Archived
12388:15 April
12382:Archived
12347:Archived
12306:Archived
12275:Archived
12200:Archived
12136:Archived
12077:Archived
12008:Archived
11978:Archived
11904:Archived
11884:Archived
11826:Archived
11795:Archived
11762:Archived
11719:Archived
11689:Archived
11658:Archived
11624:Archived
11592:Archived
11587:BBC News
11560:Archived
11534:27 April
11528:Archived
11500:27 April
11494:Archived
11468:27 April
11462:Archived
11436:27 April
11430:Archived
11398:Archived
11368:Archived
11306:(2019).
11288:5 August
11282:Archived
11252:archived
11219:Archived
11198:(2017).
11174:Archived
11097:Archived
9864:Archived
9831:Archived
9799:Archived
9577:11 March
9571:Archived
9531:Archived
9501:Archived
9474:Archived
9444:Archived
9412:Archived
9382:20 March
9376:Archived
9349:Archived
9330:Archived
9308:Archived
9284:Archived
9200:himself.
9187:Archived
9146:Archived
9110:Archived
9077:Archived
9044:Archived
9011:Archived
9006:Newsweek
8974:Archived
8934:Archived
8901:Archived
8868:Archived
8797:Archived
8767:BBC News
8740:Archived
8708:Archived
8675:Archived
8647:Archived
8623:Archived
8619:39847047
8576:Archived
8533:Archived
8493:Archived
8319:43175132
8178:Archived
8152:7 August
8146:Archived
8096:Archived
8053:Archived
8010:Archived
7963:Archived
7920:Archived
7877:Archived
7768:See also
7745:and the
7699:Protests
7689:internet
7687:and the
7674:Advocacy
7615:system.
7550:adopted
7419:Belgrade
7322:Pakistan
7304:and the
7253:genocide
7233:Xinjiang
6900:Chairman
6883:Graduate
6878:Shandong
6809:Graduate
6752:Graduate
6695:Graduate
6638:Graduate
6633:Shandong
6559:Chairman
6493:Graduate
6422:Graduate
6375:Chairman
6358:Graduate
6353:Shanghai
6279:Graduate
6222:Graduate
6165:Graduate
6095:Graduate
6034:Graduate
5979:Leader,
5973:Leader,
5927:Graduate
5922:Zhejiang
5903:Li Qiang
5863:Graduate
5858:Shenyang
5802:Graduate
5745:Graduate
5603:Graduate
5546:Graduate
5489:Graduate
5432:Graduate
5427:Zhejiang
5375:Graduate
5370:Liaoning
5295:Graduate
5234:19th POL
5142:Graduate
5047:Graduate
4920:Graduate
4860:Chairman
4812:Graduate
4804:Shanghai
4752:Chairman
4713:Graduate
4645:Leader,
4639:Leader,
4556:Graduate
4548:Zhejiang
4529:Li Qiang
4464:Chairman
4373:Graduate
4301:19th PSC
4256:Shanghai
4238:and the
4207:scholar
4155:and the
4075:de facto
3996:founding
3932:Overview
3898:(SARs),
3890:and the
3532:to China
3520:in China
3492:Minister
3474:Li Qiang
3431:Song Tao
3410:Leader:
3191:Leader:
2898:Leader:
2831:Minister
2808:Minister
2773:Minister
2583:Chairman
2311:Leader:
2263:Dong Jun
2259:Minister
2245:Li Qiang
2241:Chairman
2068:Miao Hua
2012:Miao Hua
1953:Chairman
1781:Li Qiang
1598:Chairman
1511:Leader:
1387:Li Qiang
1344:Li Qiang
1304:Li Qiang
1261:Chairman
1062:ideology
703:Li Qiang
628:Li Qiang
438:Xiao Pei
424:Director
383:Chairman
320:Li Qiang
16067:Portals
15940:Vietnam
15855:Myanmar
15835:Lebanon
15765:Georgia
15720:Bahrain
15710:Armenia
15626:Outline
15589:Symbols
15446:Eunuchs
15293:Smoking
15241:Cuisine
15208:Culture
15198:Welfare
15169:Suicide
15137:history
15005:Society
14934:Housing
14908:Tourism
14893:Poverty
14778:Banking
14756:Economy
14735:Militia
14646:Premier
14248:Valleys
14208:Islands
14193:Deserts
14183:Canyons
14171:Terrain
14150:Western
14138:Central
14110:Regions
14095:Geology
14085:Borders
13828:Ancient
13811:Yangtze
13718:History
13703:History
13588:leaders
13573:Ningxia
13563:Guangxi
13555:regions
13533:Sichuan
13518:Shaanxi
13513:Qinghai
13498:Jiangxi
13493:Jiangsu
13458:Guizhou
13420:Tianjin
13405:Beijing
13295:Militia
13253:Premier
13202:Central
12443:Reuters
12045:Bibcode
11953:28 June
11768:24 June
11244:"China"
11032:22 July
11008:22 July
10968:22 July
10945:22 July
10915:22 July
10892:22 July
10860:22 July
10830:22 July
10800:22 July
10770:21 July
10730:22 July
10707:22 July
10677:22 July
10654:22 July
10621:22 July
10598:22 July
10566:22 July
10543:22 July
10511:22 July
10471:22 July
10440:22 July
10417:22 July
10381:22 July
10358:22 July
10328:22 July
10288:22 July
10265:22 July
10233:21 July
10201:21 July
10158:21 July
10115:21 July
10072:21 July
10029:21 July
9986:21 July
9943:21 July
9900:21 July
9537:12 July
8746:24 June
8714:4 March
8582:17 July
8184:17 July
8102:17 July
8059:17 July
8016:17 July
7969:17 July
7926:17 July
7883:17 July
7221:Uyghurs
7167:Guizhou
7017:is the
6906:of the
6804:Beijing
6488:Beijing
6417:Beijing
6398:Wang Yi
6381:of the
6317:of the
6299:of the
6118:of the
6054:of the
5991:Premier
5886:of the
5822:of the
5541:Jiangsu
5484:Sichuan
5328:of the
5318:of the
5190:of the
5039:Jiangsu
4987:of the
4977:of the
4866:of the
4758:of the
4705:Qinghai
4657:Premier
4365:Beijing
4236:Tuanpai
4070:de jure
4040:is the
4000:Beijing
3951:updated
3496:Wang Yi
3480:Wang Yi
2835:He Rong
2219:Militia
1775: (
1773:Premier
1727:Chief:
1420:Chief:
1043:History
534:Beijing
496:Beijing
310:Premier
241:Beijing
15985:Taiwan
15920:Turkey
15885:Russia
15820:Kuwait
15800:Jordan
15790:Israel
15750:Cyprus
15735:Brunei
15730:Bhutan
15647:Portal
15602:Emblem
15597:Anthem
15579:Taoism
15261:Poetry
15236:Cinema
15159:Racism
15071:Health
14824:Energy
14800:Reform
14711:Rocket
14696:Ground
14421:Cities
14307:Yellow
14279:Rivers
14269:Canals
14223:passes
14218:ranges
14002:Modern
13693:
13629:Taiwan
13538:Yunnan
13528:Shanxi
13463:Hainan
13443:Fujian
13046:
13019:
12928:
12898:
12888:
12848:
12819:
12782:
12749:
12741:
12698:
12690:
12682:
12638:15 May
12626:
12618:
12610:
12564:
12526:
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