682:
726:
664:
186:
465:
712:
803:
773:
863:
575:
758:
788:
253:
236:
33:
742:
892:
833:
818:
697:
848:
200:
172:
2519:
476:
2539:
908:
218:
878:
153:
2529:
561:
374:(MoMA). MoMA acquired an example for its permanent collection in 1951, noting that the car's "hood, body, fenders, and headlights are integral to the continuously flowing surface, rather than added on. Rounded, flowing forms, with unbroken horizontal lines between the fenders—the style had identified as "the so-called Ponton Side Design" became "the new fashion in Europe".
630:
of adding full-length tread armor along each side of a tank, attached primarily on the top edge—and resembling pontoons. As this roughly coincided with the automobile styling trend where distinct running boards and articulated fenders became less common — with cars carrying integrated front fenders
497:
magazine described the new "pontoon" Nashes as "the most obvious departure from previous designs." They "carried the fender less pontoon-body, fast-back shape further than the competition." This Nash design became a "family appearance" for their automobiles that also included the
502:. The 1952 redesign of the two-seat sports car took on an "even closer family appearance" to the redesigned Nash models by featuring "pontoon-type fenders fore and aft." The new styling also moved the headlights "from the pontoon fenders to the grille."
1875:
622:
was "meant to be a vision of the future of the automobile and test the reaction of customers to the new design with streamline and ponton elements", displaying a further degree of integration of the pontoon fenders with the main body of the car.
594:
Originally the term referred to a design prevalent in the United States in the 1930s where front fenders encased a wheel and terminated in a teardrop point, remaining distinct from the running boards or the body of the car. Examples include the
505:
The term is also used in reference to
Mercedes-Benz models from 1953 to 1962. For example, a book about the marque refers to "the Ponton", the "Ponton saloon", "Ponton 220", "Ponton 220S and SE coupes and cabriolets", and "the Ponton models".
274:
requested a patent for a streamlined car with an evenly shaped lower body, that covers the wheels and runs parallel to the floor space. A year later he presented his first running prototype with such a body, the "Ley T6", and in 1923
1322:
302:
the car was built in
Germany by Persu, with the help of several local companies. During his research Persu established that the most adequate aerodynamic shape was that of a water droplet falling to the ground.
297:
filed a patent application for an "aerodynamically-shaped automobile with the wheels mounted inside the aerodynamic body" having a drag coefficient of only 0.22 and received it in
Germany in 1924. Named the
322:"—a coarse whole grain bread as issued by the army. The economical car was produced from 1924 to 1928. Böhler built the core body around two side-by-side passenger seats. He dispensed with
1326:
1296:
419:
and Roy Cole featured an innovative rear end that "surprised
Americans who smiled and asked :which way is it going?" However, the design is sometimes erroneously attributed to
370:
202 coupé, which Farina designed from sketches by
Cisitalia's Giovanni Savonuzzi, was the car that "transformed postwar automobile design" according to New York's
1157:
891:
1704:
663:
121:—as well as similar designs from North America and Japan, sometimes — in its most exaggerated usage — called the "bathtub" look in the U.S.
725:
681:
393:-designed Frazer won the Fashion Academy of New York Gold Medal for design achievement, and was said to have been the inspiration for the 1949
1300:
1499:
1237:
809:
802:
1590:
711:
972:
1925:
1009:
1885:
1858:
1826:
1792:
1630:
1509:
1479:
1447:
1413:
1274:
1221:
1130:
1104:
1054:
1019:
982:
955:
349:
styling—an especially early and clear example of the bulbous, uninterrupted forms that would come to characterize the genre.
1816:
1782:
2578:
772:
1070:
757:
509:
A General Motors document refers to the 1953 Olympia Record as "the first Opel with a full-width, or ponton, body shell".
487:
One of the earliest completely new styled cars that were introduced after World War II in the United States were the 1949
2397:
326:
and integrated the fenders in the body to save on weight." The inexpensive car became popular with consumers in
Germany.
17:
1620:
1559:
1165:
862:
542:-Ponton" (ponton-style Rover); and a French book on art and design also used the term in an automotive context in 1996.
787:
1403:
626:
Subsequently, the term pontoon fender took on another more prominent definition, derived from the wartime practice in
55:-like bodywork enclosed the full width and uninterrupted length of a car body — eliminating previously distinct
634:
The post-war trend of the markedly round, slab-sided designs became itself known as ponton styling—with many postwar
1708:
1120:
530:
In a reference work on alternative-energy vehicles, electrical-engineering academics used the term as a generic for
377:
Two of the first
American cars with fresh post-war styling, that adopted the new envelope body style, were the 1946
1264:
404:
came into production in 1946. This was about one month after the first 1946 Kaiser rolled off the production line.
741:
649:
996:
The Model B-A's "envelope body," a styling feature previously incorporated in the postwar Kaiser-Frazer cars ...
2568:
2422:
1688:
1654:
341:
in 1934. The brothers
Jankovitz had been close friends with designer Paul Jaray, and the prototype, called the
2500:
2417:
2334:
927:
817:
2573:
2532:
390:
412:
2281:
1918:
1348:
1033:
The new cars featured clean lines with smooth envelope-style bodies on a lengthened 112-inch wheelbase...
1188:
847:
696:
185:
2563:
2483:
832:
688:
464:
333:, working with the brothers Gino and Oscar Jankovitz, created a one-off mid-engine prototype on an
2238:
1373:
673:
342:
2455:
2101:
1911:
1241:
907:
1976:
779:
1437:
2402:
639:
574:
371:
1532:
631:
and full-width, full-length bodywork — the fenders took on the "pontoon fender" nickname.
306:
In 1924, Fidelis Böhler designed one of the first production cars with a ponton body, the
8:
2495:
2389:
2364:
2344:
2296:
2064:
1681:
Original
Mercedes-Benz Coupes, Cabriolets and V-8 Sedans, 1960-1972: The Restorer's Guide
869:
646:
588:
394:
378:
32:
2301:
2175:
608:
480:
433:
1730:
1011:
American Motors
Corporation: The Rise and Fall of America's Last Independent Automaker
430:
began production, a large, rear-engine design using an aeroplane inspired body style.
51:
styling is an automotive design genre that spanned roughly from the 1930s-1960s, when
37:
2538:
2203:
1934:
1881:
1854:
1822:
1788:
1684:
1626:
1505:
1475:
1443:
1409:
1270:
1217:
1126:
1100:
1050:
1015:
978:
951:
898:
854:
600:
535:
521:
517:
513:
408:
307:
252:
235:
159:
2467:
2450:
2243:
2208:
2018:
2008:
1971:
1501:
Preston Tucker and Others: Tales of Brilliant Automotive Innovators and Innovations
824:
60:
52:
877:
2412:
2339:
2155:
2084:
493:
469:
283:
144:
as "all-enveloping bodywork, straight-through side styling, slab-sided styling."
129:
125:
63:. The integrated fenders of an automobile with ponton styling may also be called
453:
2359:
2261:
2165:
2160:
1683:. Osceola, WI, USA: Motorbooks International. pp. 17, 19, 23, 24, 24, 26.
764:
732:
449:
437:
401:
357:
2557:
2522:
2311:
2276:
2271:
2223:
2195:
2170:
2096:
2079:
2028:
1991:
1981:
1963:
948:
Knaurs grosses Buch vom Auto: Geschichte, Modelle, Technik von A - Z title Ar
794:
748:
635:
539:
420:
382:
334:
330:
323:
137:
110:
82:
56:
440:
followed the trend with their own designs from 1949. Ford examples are the
2488:
2445:
2427:
2218:
2213:
2180:
2074:
2069:
2050:
2035:
2013:
1998:
1986:
1954:
914:
596:
416:
353:
78:
2542:
2354:
2349:
2286:
2266:
2137:
883:
703:
669:
645:
The British assumed the latter definition, using it in such works as the
619:
615:
499:
488:
445:
441:
319:
294:
224:
2316:
2233:
2185:
2132:
2045:
2040:
1122:
Langenscheidt Dictionary Technology and Applied Sciences English-German
531:
475:
276:
271:
199:
171:
90:
2462:
2116:
2089:
2059:
717:
427:
367:
315:
290:
1903:
591:, or "wings" as they are more usually called in the United Kingdom.
363:
coupé, and also the open body on the 1940 Lancia Aprilia Cabriolet.
2407:
2291:
2147:
2106:
1781:
Ehsani, Mehrdad; Gao, Yimin; Gay, Sebastien E.; Emadi, Ali (2004).
839:
538:; also a 2007 German work on car design and technology mentions a "
516:
carried articulated running boards and fenders, but the subsequent
98:
286:"Tank" which participated in the 1923 French Grand Prix at Tours.
2228:
2111:
2003:
627:
386:
242:
206:
114:
1818:
Automobildesign und Technik: Formgebung, Funktionalität, Technik
1047:
Automobildesign und Technik: Formgebung, Funktionalität, Technik
217:
604:
338:
152:
102:
1439:
American 'Independent' Automakers: AMC to Willys 1945 to 1960
1095:
Haajanen, Lennart W.; Ludvigsen, Karl; Nyden, Bertil (2002).
311:
118:
520:
became known for its ponton styling; in the Netherlands the
77:
describes the markedly bulbous, slab-sided configuration of
2306:
106:
86:
1851:
Dictionnaire international des arts appliqués et du design
282:
Another of the first known cars with a ponton body is the
1945:
1755:
560:
94:
1784:
Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles
279:
presented a streamliner concept car, designed by Jaray.
1591:"Wheels Classic Cars: 1949-51 Nash Airflyte 'Bathtub'"
1094:
524:(1961–1974) 2-door notchback sedan was referred to as
1374:"Cisitalia. '202' GT Car. 1946 (exhibit description)"
1214:
The Complete Encyclopedia of Vintage Cars 1886 - 1940
1071:"Queen of the Bathtub Era: The 1949-51 Nash Airflyte"
566:
1937 Cord 812 with the earlier type of pontoon fender
1877:
Designing Motion: Automotive Designers 1890 to 1990
448:(United Kingdom}). General Motors examples are the
1848:
1780:
1705:"Opel History: An overview of company milestones"
1469:
2555:
1125:. Langenscheidt Fachverlag. 2004. p. 1371.
1097:Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles
1815:Braess, Hans-Hermann; Seiffert, Ulrich (2007).
1707:(Press release). General Motors. Archived from
1290:
1288:
1286:
1186:
1045:Braess, Hans-Hermann; Seiffert, Ulrich (2007).
901:, sometimes called "ponton" in the Netherlands
1821:. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag. pp. 20 and 228.
1814:
1618:
1211:
1044:
40:, a typical postwar design with ponton styling
1919:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1299:. Classic and Performance Car. Archived from
397:, Germany's first sedan in the ponton style.
356:designed a flowing ponton-style body for the
1655:"Bring a Trailer: 1952 Nash-Healey roadster"
1614:
1612:
1470:Eckermann, Erik; Albrecht, Peter L. (2001).
1283:
1269:. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 667.
1756:"De Volkswagen Type 3: Ponton, TL, Variant"
1266:The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile
67:and the overall trend may also be known as
1926:
1912:
1401:
1388:
1207:
1205:
1158:"The Origins of Streamline Design in Cars"
1609:
1557:
1435:
1493:
1491:
1429:
1262:
945:
474:
463:
31:
1873:
1474:. SAE International. pp. 163–164.
1202:
14:
2556:
1442:. Veloce Publishing Ltd. pp. 8–.
1323:"Lancia Aprilia Coupé Introduced 1937"
1155:
1049:. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag. p. 248.
1007:
265:
1933:
1907:
1678:
1652:
1588:
1497:
1488:
1294:
1113:
970:
459:
310:. The car's body resembled a loaf of
2528:
1625:. Krause Publications. p. 143.
1619:Mitchel, Doug; Collins, Tom (2005).
1240:. Böhler Einbauteile. Archived from
2501:Vehicle identification number (VIN)
1849:Ed. Barré-Despond, Arlette (1996).
1325:. Pininfarina. 2011. Archived from
337:chassis, which Jano had shipped to
191:1923 Auto Union streamliner replica
24:
1853:. Editions du Regard. p. 18.
1653:Kozak, Graham (13 November 2013).
1504:. Veloce Publishing. p. 123.
1408:. teNeues Publishing. p. 30.
270:In 1921, Hungarian aerodynamicist
140:German–English dictionary defines
81:European cars, including those of
25:
2590:
1558:Stevenson, R.P. (November 1948).
1156:Oagana, Alex (22 November 2010).
652:Encyclopaedia of the Automobile.
638:models informally nicknamed the "
545:
2537:
2527:
2518:
2517:
1944:Part of a series of articles on
1589:Vance, Bill (19 February 2014).
1297:"Alfa Romeo Aerodinamica Spider"
1216:. Rebo Publishers. p. 147.
906:
890:
876:
861:
846:
831:
816:
801:
786:
771:
756:
740:
724:
710:
695:
680:
662:
573:
559:
251:
234:
216:
198:
184:
170:
151:
1867:
1842:
1808:
1774:
1748:
1723:
1697:
1672:
1646:
1582:
1551:
1525:
1472:World History of the Automobile
1463:
1366:
1341:
1315:
1256:
1230:
411:went on sale in 1947. The 1947
1880:. Birkhäuser. pp. 96–97.
1560:"New Nash Swallows its Wheels"
1180:
1149:
1088:
1063:
1038:
1001:
964:
939:
587:Pontoon fenders are a type of
343:Alfa Romeo Aerodinamica Spider
73:Now largely archaic, the term
13:
1:
2335:Approach and departure angles
1295:Dixon, Mark (December 2008).
933:
928:Glossary of automotive design
426:In 1948, the Czechoslovakian
1376:. Museum Of Modern Art. 2002
1212:de la Rive Box, Rob (2006).
950:(in German). Droemer Knaur.
618:, the auto industry's first
580:1939 Buick Y-Job concept car
27:1930s–1960s car design genre
7:
2579:Automotive styling features
2398:Automotive light bulb types
1189:"Persu - The Rain Drop Car"
1008:Foster, Patrick R. (2013).
921:
452:(United Kingdom).- and the
177:1923 Bugatti Type 32 'Tank'
10:
2595:
1731:"The Volkswagen name page"
1402:Tumminelli, Paolo (2006).
1349:"Lancia Aprilia Cabriolet"
1263:Georgano, Nick N. (2000).
1099:. McFarland. p. 109.
1031:– via Google Books.
1014:. Motorbooks. p. 67.
994:– via Google Books.
977:. MIT Press. p. 246.
810:Packard Custom Super Eight
718:1950 Ford (USA) Club Coupe
655:
124:The term derives from the
2513:
2476:
2438:
2388:
2377:
2327:
2254:
2194:
2146:
2125:
1962:
1953:
1941:
1787:. CRC Press. p. 26.
1521:– via Google Books.
946:Prokesch, Alfred (1980).
400:In the Soviet Union, the
136:, meaning 'pontoon'. The
2418:high-intensity discharge
1874:Caspers, Markus (2017).
1187:Daniel Patrascu (2011).
971:Flink, James J. (1990).
1075:Mac's Motor City Garage
603:and several designs by
361:berlinetta aerodynamica
2102:Stressed member engine
1533:"1950-1951 Studebaker"
484:
472:
41:
2569:Automotive body parts
2234:Windshield/windscreen
1622:Supercars Field Guide
1498:Linde, Arvid (2011).
780:Lincoln Cosmopolitian
674:Alfa Romeo 6C 2300 SC
650:National Motor Museum
607:Carrossiers, notably
478:
467:
391:Howard "Dutch" Darrin
258:1947 Frazer Manhattan
35:
2403:Daytime running lamp
1711:on 20 September 2009
372:Museum of Modern Art
2574:Automotive industry
2365:Weight distribution
2297:Omniview technology
1679:Slade, Tim (2004).
1168:on 28 November 2015
870:Studebaker Champion
689:Borgward Hansa 1800
413:Studebaker Champion
395:Borgward Hansa 1500
266:Origin of the trend
18:Ponton (automobile)
2484:Registration plate
1735:vwbusstop.demon.nl
1436:Norm Mort (2010).
1244:on 6 December 2009
974:The Automobile Age
765:Lancia Aurelia B20
609:Figoni et Falaschi
485:
483:, a "Ponton" model
473:
460:Post-WWII examples
444:(Germany) and the
335:Alfa Romeo 6C 2300
42:
2564:Automotive design
2551:
2550:
2509:
2508:
2373:
2372:
2204:Glass run channel
2138:Trunk/boot/dickie
1935:Automotive design
1887:978-3-0356-0784-0
1860:978-2-84105-024-6
1828:978-3-8348-0177-7
1794:978-0-8493-3154-1
1632:978-0-89689-227-9
1511:978-1-84584-431-8
1481:978-0-7680-0800-5
1449:978-1-84584-239-0
1415:978-3-8238-4561-4
1276:978-1-57958-293-7
1238:"Company History"
1223:978-90-366-1517-4
1144:Pontonkarrosserie
1132:978-3-86117-233-8
1106:978-0-7864-1276-1
1056:978-3-8348-0177-7
1021:978-0-7603-4425-5
984:978-0-262-56055-9
957:978-3-85886-089-7
899:Volkswagen Type 3
855:Standard Vanguard
589:automobile fender
522:Volkswagen Type 3
518:Volkswagen Type 3
514:Volkswagen Beetle
481:Mercedes-Benz 180
409:Standard Vanguard
387:Crosley CC series
300:Persu Streamliner
142:Pontonkarrosserie
69:envelope styling.
16:(Redirected from
2586:
2541:
2531:
2530:
2521:
2520:
2468:Window deflector
2451:Side-view mirror
2386:
2385:
2009:Continental tire
1972:Backbone chassis
1960:
1959:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
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1767:
1752:
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1743:
1741:
1727:
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1701:
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1665:
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1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1595:Chronicle Herald
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1539:. 15 August 2007
1529:
1523:
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1234:
1228:
1227:
1209:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1164:. Archived from
1153:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1067:
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1042:
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1030:
1028:
1005:
999:
998:
993:
991:
968:
962:
961:
943:
910:
894:
880:
865:
850:
835:
825:Renault Dauphine
820:
805:
790:
775:
760:
744:
728:
714:
704:Ford (GB) Consul
699:
684:
666:
601:Auburn Speedster
577:
563:
536:three-box design
407:In Britain, the
255:
243:Crosley CC Sedan
238:
220:
202:
188:
174:
155:
65:Pontoon fenders,
59:and articulated
21:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2505:
2472:
2434:
2382:
2380:
2369:
2340:Breakover angle
2323:
2250:
2190:
2142:
2121:
1949:
1937:
1932:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1813:
1809:
1799:
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1795:
1779:
1775:
1765:
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1753:
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1739:
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1714:
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1703:
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1698:
1691:
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1673:
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1651:
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1637:
1635:
1633:
1617:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1564:Popular Science
1556:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1537:How Stuff Works
1531:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1468:
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1400:
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1379:
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1372:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1355:
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1231:
1224:
1210:
1203:
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1185:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1154:
1150:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1077:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1043:
1039:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1006:
1002:
989:
987:
985:
969:
965:
958:
944:
940:
936:
924:
917:
911:
902:
895:
886:
881:
872:
866:
857:
851:
842:
836:
827:
821:
812:
806:
797:
791:
782:
776:
767:
761:
752:
745:
736:
729:
720:
715:
706:
700:
691:
685:
676:
672:-designed 1947
667:
658:
585:
584:
583:
582:
581:
578:
569:
568:
567:
564:
555:
554:
553:Pontoon fenders
548:
494:Popular Science
470:Nash Ambassador
462:
385:, and the 1946
314:earning it the
284:Bugatti Type 32
268:
263:
262:
261:
260:
259:
256:
247:
246:
245:
239:
230:
229:
228:
221:
212:
211:
210:
203:
194:
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180:
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175:
166:
165:
164:
156:
38:Renault Frégate
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2592:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2549:
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2535:
2525:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2498:
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2480:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2448:
2442:
2440:
2439:Other elements
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2383:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2360:Turning radius
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2262:Bumper sticker
2258:
2256:
2255:Other elements
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1908:
1901:
1900:
1886:
1866:
1859:
1841:
1827:
1807:
1793:
1773:
1747:
1722:
1696:
1689:
1671:
1645:
1631:
1608:
1581:
1550:
1524:
1510:
1487:
1480:
1462:
1448:
1428:
1414:
1387:
1365:
1353:infocoches.com
1340:
1329:on 21 May 2011
1314:
1282:
1275:
1255:
1229:
1222:
1201:
1179:
1148:
1131:
1112:
1105:
1087:
1062:
1055:
1037:
1020:
1000:
983:
963:
956:
937:
935:
932:
931:
930:
923:
920:
919:
918:
912:
905:
903:
896:
889:
887:
882:
875:
873:
867:
860:
858:
852:
845:
843:
837:
830:
828:
822:
815:
813:
807:
800:
798:
792:
785:
783:
777:
770:
768:
762:
755:
753:
746:
739:
737:
730:
723:
721:
716:
709:
707:
701:
694:
692:
686:
679:
677:
668:
661:
657:
654:
579:
572:
571:
570:
565:
558:
557:
556:
552:
551:
550:
549:
547:
546:Ponton fenders
544:
461:
458:
450:Vauxhall Velox
438:General Motors
415:, designed by
402:GAZ-M20 Pobeda
358:Lancia Aprilia
324:running boards
267:
264:
257:
250:
249:
248:
240:
233:
232:
231:
222:
215:
214:
213:
204:
197:
196:
195:
190:
183:
182:
181:
176:
169:
168:
167:
157:
150:
149:
148:
147:
146:
57:running boards
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2591:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2526:
2524:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2376:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2277:Hood ornament
2275:
2273:
2272:Front-end bra
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:Quarter glass
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2080:Quarter panel
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1982:Body-on-frame
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1924:
1922:
1917:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1889:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1870:
1862:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1830:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1811:
1796:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1777:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1692:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1634:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1615:
1613:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1513:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1494:
1492:
1483:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1451:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1432:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1375:
1369:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1303:on 7 May 2013
1302:
1298:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1278:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1259:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1225:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1206:
1190:
1183:
1167:
1163:
1162:AutoEvolution
1159:
1152:
1145:
1134:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1108:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1058:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1023:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1004:
997:
986:
980:
976:
975:
967:
959:
953:
949:
942:
938:
929:
926:
925:
916:
909:
904:
900:
893:
888:
885:
879:
874:
871:
864:
859:
856:
849:
844:
841:
834:
829:
826:
819:
814:
811:
804:
799:
796:
795:Mercury Eight
789:
784:
781:
774:
769:
766:
759:
754:
750:
749:Hudson Hornet
743:
738:
734:
727:
722:
719:
713:
708:
705:
698:
693:
690:
683:
678:
675:
671:
665:
660:
659:
653:
651:
648:
643:
641:
637:
636:Mercedes-Benz
632:
629:
624:
621:
617:
614:In 1938, The
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
592:
590:
576:
562:
543:
541:
537:
533:
528:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
507:
503:
501:
496:
495:
490:
482:
477:
471:
466:
457:
456:(Germany).
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
429:
424:
422:
421:Raymond Loewy
418:
414:
410:
405:
403:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
364:
362:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
331:Vittorio Jano
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
301:
296:
292:
287:
285:
280:
278:
273:
254:
244:
237:
227:Cisitalia 202
226:
219:
208:
201:
187:
173:
163:
162:
158:1928 Hanomag
154:
145:
143:
139:
138:Langenscheidt
135:
131:
127:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
83:Mercedes-Benz
80:
76:
71:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
39:
34:
30:
19:
2489:vanity plate
2428:trafficators
2239:washer fluid
2219:Power window
2214:Opera window
2126:Compartments
2023:
2014:Crumple zone
1999:Cabrio coach
1943:
1891:. Retrieved
1876:
1869:
1850:
1844:
1832:. Retrieved
1817:
1810:
1798:. Retrieved
1783:
1776:
1764:. Retrieved
1759:
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1734:
1725:
1713:. Retrieved
1709:the original
1699:
1680:
1674:
1664:10 September
1662:. Retrieved
1658:
1648:
1638:10 September
1636:. Retrieved
1621:
1601:10 September
1599:. Retrieved
1594:
1584:
1574:10 September
1572:. Retrieved
1567:
1563:
1553:
1541:. Retrieved
1536:
1527:
1515:. Retrieved
1500:
1471:
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1438:
1431:
1419:. Retrieved
1404:
1378:. Retrieved
1368:
1356:. Retrieved
1352:
1343:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:the original
1317:
1305:. Retrieved
1301:the original
1265:
1258:
1246:. Retrieved
1242:the original
1232:
1213:
1192:. Retrieved
1182:
1170:. Retrieved
1166:the original
1161:
1151:
1143:
1136:. Retrieved
1121:
1115:
1096:
1090:
1078:. Retrieved
1074:
1065:
1046:
1040:
1032:
1025:. Retrieved
1010:
1003:
995:
988:. Retrieved
973:
966:
947:
941:
915:Volvo Amazon
793:The 1949–51
644:
633:
625:
613:
597:Cord 810/812
593:
586:
529:
525:
511:
508:
504:
492:
486:
454:Opel Kapitän
432:
425:
417:Virgil Exner
406:
399:
376:
365:
360:
354:Pinin Farina
351:
346:
328:
308:Hanomag 2/10
305:
299:
289:In 1922 the
288:
281:
269:
209:Mille Miglia
160:
141:
133:
123:
74:
72:
68:
64:
48:
44:
43:
29:
2423:sealed beam
2355:Roll center
2350:Ride height
2287:Japan black
2282:Instruments
2267:Curb feeler
2133:Hood/bonnet
1893:26 February
1766:21 February
1740:21 February
1715:25 February
1421:21 February
1380:21 February
1358:21 February
1307:21 February
1138:21 February
884:Subaru 1500
620:concept car
616:Buick Y-Job
532:saloon cars
526:the Ponton.
500:Nash-Healey
446:Ford Zephyr
442:Ford Taunus
345:, featured
320:Kommissbrot
295:Aurel Persu
225:Pininfarina
161:Kommissbrot
2558:Categories
2209:Greenhouse
1762:(in Dutch)
1760:vwtype3.nl
1690:0760319529
1405:Car Design
934:References
913:1956–1970
897:1961–1974
823:1956–1967
808:1948-1950
763:1950–1958
277:Auto Union
272:Paul Jaray
91:Auto Union
2463:Tow hitch
2381:equipment
2307:Tire/tyre
2166:Gull-wing
2156:Butterfly
2117:Trunk lid
2060:Monocoque
1964:Framework
1455:12 August
1080:23 August
735:from 1946
428:Tatra 600
368:Cisitalia
366:The 1946
352:In 1937,
329:In 1935,
316:sobriquet
293:engineer
2523:Category
2408:Headlamp
2390:Lighting
2379:Exterior
2345:Overhang
2328:Geometry
2312:run-flat
2292:Nerf bar
2107:Subframe
2075:Platform
2065:Overhang
1977:Beltline
1659:Autoweek
1597:. Canada
1570:(5): 114
1543:23 March
1517:23 March
1194:10 April
1172:23 March
1027:23 March
990:23 March
922:See also
840:Rover 75
733:GAZ-M-20
731:Russian
647:Beaulieu
491:models.
291:Romanian
99:Borgward
2533:Commons
2229:Sunroof
2181:Suicide
2176:Sliding
2171:Scissor
2112:Tonneau
2097:Spoiler
2004:Chassis
656:Gallery
628:Germany
207:BMW 328
115:Renault
79:postwar
61:fenders
53:pontoon
49:pontoon
2543:Portal
2413:hidden
2161:Canopy
2070:Pillar
2051:shaker
2036:Grille
2029:skirts
2024:ponton
2019:Fender
1992:Dagmar
1987:Bumper
1884:
1857:
1834:4 July
1825:
1800:4 July
1791:
1687:
1629:
1508:
1478:
1446:
1412:
1333:4 July
1273:
1248:4 July
1220:
1129:
1103:
1053:
1018:
981:
954:
670:Farina
640:Ponton
605:French
599:, the
389:. The
383:Kaiser
379:Frazer
347:ponton
134:ponton
130:German
126:French
117:, and
103:Lancia
75:Ponton
45:Ponton
2496:Theft
2477:Legal
2456:power
2317:spare
2302:Parts
2244:wiper
2196:Glass
2148:Doors
2046:scoop
868:1950
853:1951
838:1952
778:1949
751:coupe
747:1951
702:1950
687:1952
540:Rover
534:with
479:1954
468:1950
339:Fiume
312:bread
241:1946
223:1946
205:1936
132:word
119:Volvo
111:Rover
36:1959
2446:Horn
2186:Swan
2090:rack
2085:Roof
2041:Hood
1955:Body
1946:cars
1895:2018
1882:ISBN
1855:ISBN
1836:2015
1823:ISBN
1802:2015
1789:ISBN
1768:2014
1742:2014
1717:2017
1685:ISBN
1666:2016
1640:2016
1627:ISBN
1603:2016
1576:2016
1545:2022
1519:2022
1506:ISBN
1476:ISBN
1457:2013
1444:ISBN
1423:2014
1410:ISBN
1382:2014
1360:2014
1335:2015
1309:2014
1271:ISBN
1250:2015
1218:ISBN
1196:2019
1174:2022
1140:2014
1127:ISBN
1101:ISBN
1082:2022
1051:ISBN
1029:2022
1016:ISBN
992:2022
979:ISBN
952:ISBN
512:The
489:Nash
436:and
434:Ford
318:of "
128:and
107:Fiat
87:Opel
1568:153
642:".
95:DKW
47:or
2560::
1758:.
1733:.
1657:.
1611:^
1593:.
1566:.
1562:.
1535:.
1490:^
1390:^
1351:.
1285:^
1204:^
1160:.
1142:.
1073:.
611:.
423:.
381:/
113:,
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1863:.
1838:.
1804:.
1770:.
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1668:.
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1605:.
1578:.
1547:.
1484:.
1459:.
1425:.
1384:.
1362:.
1337:.
1311:.
1279:.
1252:.
1226:.
1198:.
1176:.
1109:.
1084:.
1059:.
960:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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