1517:
425:
473:
840:
538:
1217:
157:
607:
4459:
1209:
410:
4469:
594:
4479:
2802:
134:
469:, the petioles are laterally flattened, so that breezes easily cause the leaves to wobble back and forth, giving the whole tree a "twinkling" appearance in a breeze. Leaf size is very variable even on a single tree, typically with small leaves on side shoots, and very large leaves on strong-growing lead shoots. The leaves often turn bright gold to yellow before they fall during autumn.
1342:
1283:
1243:
used. They have the advantage of growing to a very large size at a rapid pace. Almost all poplars take root readily from cuttings or where broken branches lie on the ground (they also often have remarkable suckering abilities, and can form huge colonies from a single original tree, such as the famous
1528:
system for two to five years (with single or multiple stems), then harvested and burned - the yield of some varieties can be as high as 12 oven-dry tonnes per hectare every year. In warmer regions like Italy this crop can produce up to 13.8, 16.4 oven-dry tonnes of biomass per hectare every year for
1548:
poplar into sugars for biofuel (e.g. ethanol) production. Considering the relative cheap price, the process of making biofuel from SRC can be economically feasible, although the conversion yield from short rotation coppice (as juvenile crops) were lower than regular mature wood. Besides biochemical
513:
are oblong, purple or red, introrse, and two-celled; the cells open longitudinally. The female flower also has no calyx or corolla, and comprises a single-celled ovary seated in a cup-shaped disk. The style is short, with two to four stigmata, variously lobed, and numerous ovules. Pollination is by
1492:
In
Pakistan, poplar is grown on a commercial level by farmers in Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Provinces. However, all varieties are seriously susceptible to termite attack, causing significant losses to poplar every year. Logs of poplar are therefore also used as bait in termite traps for
496:
produced from buds formed in the axils of the leaves from the previous year. The flowers are each seated in a cup-shaped disk which is borne on the base of a scale which is itself attached to the rachis of the catkin. The scales are obovate, lobed, and fringed, membranous, hairy or smooth, and
2593:
Werther Guidi Nissim, Alessandra
Cincinelli, Tania Martellini, Laura Alvisi, Emily Palm, Stefano Mancuso, Elisa Azzarello, Phytoremediation of sewage sludge contaminated by trace elements and organic compounds, Environmental Research, Volume 164, July 2018, Pages 356-366, ISSN 0013-9351,
1267:, poplars have very vigorous and invasive root systems stretching up to 40 metres (130 ft) from the trees; planting close to houses or ceramic water pipes may result in damaged foundations and cracked walls and pipes due to their search for moisture.
553:
has traditionally been divided into six sections on the basis of leaf and flower characters; this classification is followed below. Recent genetic studies have largely supported this, confirming some previously suspected reticulate evolution due to past
566:
sequences (maternally inherited), a clear indication of likely hybrid origin. Hybridisation continues to be common in the genus, with several hybrids between species in different sections known. There are currently 57 accepted species in the genus.
1332:
state has a large plywood industry reliant upon poplar. It is graded according to sizes known as "over" (over 24 inches (610 mm)), "under" (18–24 inches (460–610 mm)), and "sokta" (less than 18 inches (460 mm)).
1374:
also recommended poplar for this purpose. Poplar continued to be used for shield construction through the Middle Ages and was renowned for a durability similar to that of oak, but with a substantial reduction in weight.
2329:
Nassi; Di Nasso, N.; Guidi, W.; Ragaglini, G.; Tozzini, C.; Bonari, E. (2010). "Biomass production and energy balance of a twelve-year-old short-rotation coppice poplar stand under different cutting cycles".
2771:
1702:
sought inspiration in his works (the poem "Down Where the Lonely
Poplars Grow"). In 1973, the 15 white poplars still left (with age ranges between 233 and 371 years) were declared natural monuments.
2488:
Doty, Sharon L.; Freeman, John L.; Cohu, Christopher M.; Burken, Joel G.; Firrincieli, Andrea; Simon, Andrew; Khan, Zareen; Isebrands, J. G.; Lukas, Joseph; Blaylock, Michael J. (5 September 2017).
2048:<Vázquez-García, José & Muñiz-Castro, Miguel Angel & González, Rosa & Nieves-Hernández, Gregorio & Pulido, Maria & Hernández-Vera, Gerardo & Delgadillo, Osvaldo. (2019). "
2416:
Dou, C; Chandler, D.; Resende, F.; Renata, R. (2017). "Fast pyrolysis of short rotation coppice poplar: an investigation in thermochemical conversion of a realistic feedstock for the biorefinery".
1640:
since it has the ability to remove and store harmful pollutants in its trunk while also removing air pollution. This plant has been successfully used to target many types of pollutants including
1601:: in these cases another hardwood veneer is sometimes applied to the resonant poplar base both for cosmetic reasons, and supposedly to fine-tune the acoustic properties.
706:
611:
1586:
made in this fashion are said to have a particularly resonant tone. Similarly, though typically it is considered to have a less attractive grain than the traditional
2775:
2543:
Guidi Nissim, W.; Palm, E.; Mancuso, S.; Azzarello, E. (2018). "Trace element phytoextraction from contaminated soil: a case study under
Mediterranean climate".
1549:
conversion, thermochemical conversion (e.g. fast pyrolysis) was also studied for making biofuel from short rotation coppice poplar and was found to have higher
1370:
Its flexibility and close grain make it suitable for a number of applications, similar to those of willow. The Greeks and
Etruscans made shields of poplar, and
1516:
814:
4352:
958:
893:
718:
678:
2443:
694:
577:
2367:"Can we use short rotation coppice poplar for sugar based biorefinery feedstock? Bioconversion of two-year-old poplar grown as short rotation coppice"
449:; on old trees, it remains smooth in some species, but becomes rough and deeply fissured in others. The shoots are stout, with (unlike in the related
981:
421:
The genus has a large genetic diversity, and can grow from 15–50 m (49–164 ft) tall, with trunks up to 2.5 m (8 ft) in diameter.
2661:
Meggo RE, Schnoor JL. Cleaning
Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Contaminated Garden Soil by Phytoremediation. Environmental sciences. 2013;1(1):33-52
2253:
2073:
585:
of North
America about 58 million years ago. However, fossils from the Cretaceous of this genus have been found in Tibet and Heilongjiang, China.
4725:
1926:
2728:
Spriggs, T.; Banks, M. K.; Schwab, P. (2005). "Phytoremediation of
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Manufactured Gas Plant–Impacted Soil".
4764:
2258:
4342:
2169:
1891:
Eckenwalder, J.E. (2001). "Key to species and main crosses". In D.I. Dickmann; J.G. Isebrands; J.E. Eckenwalder; J. Richardson (eds.).
260:
4813:
2052:
sp. nov. (Salicaceae, Malpighiales), a new species of white poplar from the Bosque La
Primavera Biosphere Reserve in Western Mexico".
2611:
Justin, MZ; Pajk, N; Zupanc, V; Zupančič, M (2010). "Phytoremediation of landfill leachate and compost wastewater by irrigation of
4673:
1741:
4738:
4686:
2113:
Yadav, Rakesh (2009). "High frequency direct plant regeneration from leaf, internode, and root segments of
Eastern Cottonwood (
2098:
Martin-Garcia, J. "Patterns and monitoring of Sesia apiformis infestations in poplar plantations at different spatial scales".
1989:"Origin and evolutionary history of Populus (Salicaceae): Further insights based on time divergence and biogeographic analysis"
1387:
species being consumed by animals, the starchy sap layer (underneath the outer bark) is edible to humans, both raw and cooked.
1875:
1513:
systems, particularly in light of its high energy-in to energy-out ratio, large carbon mitigation potential, and fast growth.
2834:
2163:
1956:
1900:
1357:
is known as poplar wood, a common high-quality hardwood "poplar" with a greenish colour is actually from an unrelated genus
4918:
4743:
1987:
Liu, Xia; Wang, Zhaoshan; Wang, Wei; Huang, Qinqin; Zeng, Yanfei; Jin, Yu; Li, Honglei; Du, Shuhui; Zhang, Jianguo (2022).
1263:(erect, columnar) branching are particularly popular, and are widely grown across Europe and southwest Asia. However, like
2231:
424:
4327:
2472:
1225:
558:
and introgression events between the groups. Some species (noted below) had differing relationships indicated by their
4472:
4357:
2205:
1848:
1796:
1772:
4867:
4332:
4769:
4712:
1657:
1444:
industry for the snowboard core, because it has exceptional flexibility, and is sometimes used in the bodies of
4862:
4337:
1962:
4831:
4751:
4347:
4057:
3075:
2447:
1544:
is another option for using poplar as bioenergy supply. In the United States, scientists studied converting
4482:
3684:
1691:", she sings "Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze/Strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees…".
1520:
Rotor poplar and willow cuttings planter, planting a new nursery of poplar for biomass with short rotation
4569:
4556:
492:) and appear in early spring before the leaves. They are borne in long, drooping, sessile or pedunculate
4665:
4639:
457:
are spirally arranged, and vary in shape from triangular to circular or (rarely) lobed, and with a long
4913:
4826:
4574:
3534:
2490:"Enhanced Degradation of TCE on a Superfund Site Using Endophyte-Assisted Poplar Tree Phytoremediation"
2195:
2066:
1924:
476:
The seeds of the poplar tree are easily dispersed by the wind, due to the fine hairs surrounding them.
4908:
4779:
4691:
4362:
4281:
3500:
2827:
640:(circumpolar subarctic and cool temperate, and mountains farther south, white poplar warm temperate)
156:
2806:
1649:
1481:
854:
40:
4818:
4660:
3714:
2862:
2857:
1097:
32:
17:
794:
429:
4805:
4634:
4499:
4439:
3520:
3490:
3485:
3191:
2248:
1545:
1525:
744:
4730:
1575:
paintings are on poplar. The wood is generally white, often with a slightly yellowish colour.
1126:
659:
4800:
3505:
3354:
3216:
3128:
2153:
1867:(Salicaceae) based on nucleotide sequences of chloroplast TRNT-TRNF region and nuclear rDNA.
1673:
686:
625:
514:
wind, with the female catkins lengthening considerably between pollination and maturity. The
4792:
1828:
1313:
or cuttings, harvested annually in January and February, and commercially available up to 15
730:– aspen, common aspen, Eurasian aspen, European aspen, quaking aspen (Europe, northern Asia)
4595:
4462:
4367:
4251:
4142:
3636:
3316:
3296:
3236:
2820:
2737:
2628:
2552:
2501:
1530:
1027:
928:
869:
2282:"Yield and spatial supply of bioenergy poplar and willow short-rotation coppice in the UK"
1524:
In the United Kingdom, poplar (as with fellow energy crop willow) is typically grown in a
8:
4092:
4087:
3621:
3606:
3586:
3581:
3457:
3339:
1598:
1579:
1572:
1252:
1175:
1004:
996:
973:
877:
734:
519:
472:
393:
344:
4626:
2741:
2632:
2556:
2505:
1736:
1529:
biannual and triennial cutting cycles also showing a positive energy balance and a high
839:
4875:
4652:
4647:
4150:
3660:
3596:
3221:
3176:
2948:
2908:
2705:
2692:
2672:
2576:
2393:
2366:
2347:
2311:
2134:
2023:
1988:
1434:
1270:
A simple, reproducible, high-frequency micropropagation protocol in eastern cottonwood
1074:
1066:
1035:
947:
935:– Maximowicz' poplar, Korean poplar, Mongolian poplar, Japanese poplar (northeast Asia)
920:
845:
525:, green to reddish-brown, mature in midsummer, containing numerous minute, light-brown
445:
on young trees is smooth and white to greenish or dark gray, and often has conspicuous
151:
4787:
4582:
4537:
4444:
4301:
4132:
4112:
3699:
3442:
3166:
3008:
2753:
2710:
2644:
2568:
2525:
2517:
2398:
2343:
2303:
2298:
2281:
2211:
2201:
2159:
2028:
2010:
1952:
1896:
1844:
1792:
1768:
1653:
767:
759:
644:
2351:
2315:
2138:
4903:
4880:
4587:
4102:
4077:
4052:
4022:
3679:
3261:
3156:
2923:
2745:
2700:
2684:
2636:
2580:
2560:
2509:
2489:
2425:
2388:
2378:
2339:
2293:
2126:
2018:
2000:
1872:
1637:
1397:
1159:
1111:
1043:
555:
502:
458:
354:
305:
4548:
2429:
2280:
Aylott, Matthew J.; Casella, E; Tubby, I; Street, NR; Smith, P; Taylor, G (2008).
4561:
4434:
4047:
3983:
3757:
3477:
3447:
3407:
3321:
3023:
2640:
2476:
2235:
2191:
1930:
1879:
1745:
1609:
1550:
1510:
1445:
1371:
1236:
1103:
986:
963:
939:
909:
901:
780:
726:
563:
522:
336:
293:
194:
143:
4854:
4756:
2228:
4413:
4403:
4311:
4271:
4067:
4062:
4027:
3978:
3953:
3943:
3933:
3747:
3510:
3206:
3028:
3013:
2998:
2898:
2595:
1699:
1684:
1677:
1669:
1562:
1191:
537:
498:
398:
181:
2564:
2383:
2130:
2005:
1216:
4897:
4383:
4276:
4246:
3948:
3918:
3913:
3903:
3850:
3704:
3689:
3651:
3601:
3591:
3344:
3301:
3058:
2983:
2933:
2893:
2888:
2521:
2469:
2014:
1711:
1688:
1645:
1641:
1140:
775:
598:
442:
277:
91:
2513:
1305:
w22 (grown in mountainous regions, e.g., Himachal Pradesh, Pathankot, Jammu)
4844:
4522:
4196:
4191:
4127:
4082:
4072:
4037:
3968:
3963:
3923:
3895:
3830:
3815:
3752:
3724:
3668:
3664:
3656:
3326:
3306:
3043:
3018:
3003:
2963:
2928:
2757:
2648:
2572:
2529:
2402:
2307:
2032:
1951:. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. p. 27.
1587:
1474:
1359:
1325:
1246:
652:
285:
230:
2714:
2215:
606:
4699:
4531:
4418:
4408:
4296:
4122:
4107:
3973:
3958:
3908:
3855:
3820:
3762:
3709:
3641:
3382:
3098:
3048:
2843:
2749:
1502:
1485:
1463:
1196:
1170:
559:
250:
66:
4678:
4306:
4261:
4042:
3988:
3938:
3928:
3880:
3870:
3825:
3767:
3732:
3672:
3427:
3417:
3412:
3276:
3231:
3080:
2993:
2958:
2696:
2415:
1835:. In R.F. Stettler; H.D. Bradshaw; P.E. Heilman; T.M. Hinckley (eds.).
1470:
1401:
1260:
1229:
1212:
Fastigiate black poplar cultivar of the Plantierensis group, in Hungary
1190:
in the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe have experienced heavy
873:– willow-leaved poplar or narrowleaf cottonwood (central North America)
489:
340:
240:
111:
76:
2364:
1208:
575:
Some of the most easily identifiable fossils of this genus belongs to
529:
surrounded by tufts of long, soft, white hairs aiding wind dispersal.
4704:
4621:
4608:
4241:
4211:
4206:
4097:
4032:
3875:
3860:
3835:
3646:
3626:
3571:
3561:
3495:
3467:
3402:
3038:
2973:
2918:
2913:
2903:
1613:
1567:
1456:
1441:
1294:
In India, the poplar is grown commercially by farmers, mainly in the
485:
333:
116:
60:
4493:
2688:
2365:
Dou, C; Marcondes, W.; Djaja, J.; Renata, R.; Gustafson, R. (2017).
2279:
1943:
4839:
4516:
4221:
4201:
3845:
3810:
3546:
3422:
3349:
3291:
3256:
3251:
3148:
3067:
2978:
2943:
2938:
2599:
1843:. Ottawa: NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada.
1716:
1625:
1455:
Poplar wood, particularly when seasoned, makes a good hearth for a
1405:
1290:
variety G48 in Punjab, India; Jhalli Farms Village Niara/Hoshiarpur
1240:
1155:
977:– western balsam poplar or black cottonwood (western North America)
954:– Korean poplar, Mongolian poplar, Japanese poplar (northeast Asia)
446:
207:
106:
101:
86:
81:
71:
4613:
1179:, the aspen oyster mushroom, is found exclusively on dead wood of
409:
4717:
4398:
4393:
4286:
4256:
4216:
4160:
4014:
3993:
3885:
3840:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3772:
3742:
3737:
3611:
3515:
3452:
3286:
3241:
3196:
3118:
3108:
3093:
2988:
2968:
2067:"A Forest in the Desert: Hybrid Poplar Plantation Feeds New Mill"
1668:
Two notable poems in English lament the cutting down of poplars,
1594:
1541:
1506:
1426:
1346:
1329:
1321:
711:
699:
616:
309:
121:
96:
2542:
1695:
1200:
which bores into the trunk of the tree during its larval stage.
593:
4388:
4117:
3865:
3616:
3566:
3462:
3432:
3372:
3246:
3171:
3133:
3086:
2953:
2871:
2801:
1422:
1418:
1295:
1264:
1221:
962:– Sichuan poplar (northeast Asia), placed here by nuclear DNA;
582:
510:
506:
493:
481:
454:
450:
347:. English names variously applied to different species include
220:
133:
4600:
2812:
1466:
content, the bark has been used in Europe for tanning leather.
1341:
545:
on a hill through Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter (Germany)
372:
4266:
4175:
4170:
4155:
3576:
3367:
3360:
3331:
3311:
3281:
3266:
3226:
3211:
3201:
3186:
3181:
3161:
3138:
3113:
3033:
1583:
1430:
1411:
1166:
1070:– Euphrates poplar (North Africa, southwest and central Asia)
635:
515:
417:) with young regeneration in foreground, in Fairbanks, Alaska
397:) was the first tree to have its full DNA code determined by
168:
1616:
around agricultural fields to protect against wind erosion.
4165:
3694:
3631:
3556:
3437:
3392:
3387:
3123:
2867:
2673:"Phytoremediation of trichloroethylene with hybrid poplars"
2328:
1706:
1591:
1488:
poplar may be used in the freezer, oven, or microwave oven.
1449:
526:
2610:
1282:
363:
4291:
3782:
3551:
3377:
3271:
3103:
1597:
as a sustainable and even superior alternative for their
509:
inserted on a disk; filaments are short and pale yellow;
1154:
Poplars of the cottonwood section are often wetlands or
1062:(southwest Asia, east Africa; subtropical to tropical)
1863:
Hamzeh, M., & Dayanandan, S. (2004). Phylogeny of
1816:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 410–412.
1023:(eastern North America, eastern Asia; warm temperate)
4353:
International Federation of Building and Wood Workers
2487:
1165:
Poplars and aspens are important food plants for the
779:– black poplar (Europe), placed here by nuclear DNA;
2044:
2042:
1841:
and its implications for management and conservation
369:
366:
360:
357:
2727:
2671:Gordon, M; Choe, N; Duffy, J; et al. (1998).
1624:Logs from the poplar provide a growing medium for
1561:Poplar was the most common wood used in Italy for
738:– quaking aspen or trembling aspen (North America)
2039:
1941:
1890:
1826:
755:(North America, Europe, western Asia; temperate)
656:– white poplar (southern Europe to central Asia)
4895:
2200:. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 172.
1986:
1895:. Ottawa: NRC Research Press. pp. 325–330.
1765:Willows and Poplars of Great Britain and Ireland
1302:G48 (grown in the plains of Punjab, Haryana, UP)
2670:
1158:trees. The aspens are among the most important
497:usually caducous. The male flowers are without
2774:. Agerpres.ro. 17 October 2017. Archived from
1429:; more specialised uses including matches and
1383:In addition to the foliage and other parts of
985:(northeast Asia), placed here by nuclear DNA;
2828:
2151:
1590:, poplar is beginning to be targeted by some
1410:Poplar is widely used for the manufacture of
2596:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.009
2545:Environmental Science and Pollution Research
881:– Balsam poplar (northern North America) (=
771:– Fremont cottonwood (western North America)
763:– eastern cottonwood (eastern North America)
1942:Dickmann, Donald; Kuzovkina, Yulia (2008).
1783:
1781:
1636:Poplar represents a suitable candidate for
1031:– downy poplar (southeastern North America)
2835:
2821:
2772:"Iași - the county of centuries-old trees"
2158:. Cambridge University Press. p. 69.
1923:, Kew Science. Accessed 8 September 2021.
132:
2704:
2470:Shiitake growth studies performed by RMIT
2444:"Harps by Wm. Rees - WM REES HARP MYTH 8"
2392:
2382:
2297:
2155:The Cambridge Companion to Archaic Greece
2097:
2022:
2004:
1814:Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them
1367:wood is a lighter, more porous material.
4343:Building and Wood Workers' International
1807:
1805:
1778:
1515:
1417:It is also sold as inexpensive hardwood
1340:
1281:
1274:has been reported by Yadav et al. 2009.
1215:
1207:
1039:– Chinese necklace poplar (eastern Asia)
838:
753:– black poplars, some of the cottonwoods
690:– bigtooth aspen (eastern North America)
605:
592:
536:
471:
423:
408:
1440:Poplar wood is also widely used in the
1320:Poplars are most commonly used to make
1194:; this is thought in part to be due to
14:
4896:
2494:Environmental Science & Technology
2190:
1811:
1582:are made with one-piece poplar backs;
1501:Interest exists in using poplar as an
865:(North America, Asia; cool temperate)
4498:
4497:
2816:
2246:
2112:
2079:from the original on 29 November 2020
1857:
1802:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1698:, Romania, is one of the spots where
1298:region. Common poplar varieties are:
1021:– necklace poplars or bigleaf poplars
505:, and comprise a group of four to 60
4868:804616aa-5264-4272-a3c8-6d5bd755e756
4780:7d048c08-ae1d-4dce-86c8-053b5780baaf
4478:
1705:In Ukraine, one of neighborhoods of
4468:
4328:American Association of Woodturners
2460:Rees Harps Website, "Harp Myth #8".
1909:
1631:
1469:Poplar wood can be used to produce
924:– laurel-leaf poplar (central Asia)
588:
318:
24:
2261:from the original on 8 August 2016
1968:from the original on 8 August 2016
1750:
1604:
1101:(Mexico) (may be conspecific with
1093:(Mexico; subtropical to tropical)
25:
4930:
4358:National Wood Carvers Association
2794:
2677:Environmental Health Perspectives
2197:Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants
2172:from the original on 17 July 2023
1493:biocontrol of termites in crops.
1078:– Tana River poplar (East Africa)
943:– Simon's poplar (northeast Asia)
532:
4832:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328417-2
4477:
4467:
4458:
4457:
4333:Architectural Woodwork Institute
2800:
2619:: Biomass and growth response".
2344:10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01043.x
2299:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02396.x
1945:Poplars and Willows in the World
1390:
1047:– Wilson's poplar (eastern Asia)
1000:– Ussuri poplar (northeast Asia)
916:– Korean poplar (northeast Asia)
453:) the terminal bud present. The
353:
155:
64:
2842:
2764:
2721:
2664:
2655:
2604:
2587:
2536:
2481:
2463:
2436:
2409:
2358:
2332:Global Change Biology Bioenergy
2322:
2273:
2240:
2222:
2184:
2145:
2106:
2091:
2059:
1980:
1893:Poplar culture in North America
1658:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
722:– Japanese aspen (eastern Asia)
332:is a genus of 25–30 species of
4338:British Woodworking Federation
2247:Aiken, Laura (18 April 2012).
1935:
1884:
1829:"Systematics and evolution of
1820:
1729:
1619:
1553:than that from bioconversion.
1220:Poplars dominate the flora of
1203:
1132:P. angustifolia × P. deltoides
648:– Chinese aspen (eastern Asia)
413:Mature trembling aspen trees (
404:
13:
1:
4348:Caricature Carvers of America
2430:10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01000
2100:Journal of Applied Entomology
2056:. 2019. 10.5852/ejt.2019.498.
1722:
682:– Korean aspen (eastern Asia)
461:; in species in the sections
2641:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.02.013
2229:Poplar cultivation in Europe
2054:European Journal of Taxonomy
1396:In many areas, fast-growing
1250:forest made of thousands of
570:
7:
4919:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2119:Plant Biotechnology Reports
1871:. 91: 1398-1408. Available
1008:– Yunnan poplar (east Asia)
562:(paternally inherited) and
391:The western balsam poplar (
10:
4935:
2418:Biotechnology for Biofuels
2371:Biotechnology for Biofuels
1993:Frontiers in Plant Science
1921:Plants of the World Online
1827:Eckenwalder, J.E. (1996).
1694:The Odd Poplars Alley, in
1672:'s "The Poplar Field" and
1663:
1235:Many poplars are grown as
1149:
38:
29:
4506:
4453:
4427:
4376:
4363:Society of Wood Engravers
4320:
4234:
4184:
4141:
4013:
4006:
3894:
3781:
3723:
3542:
3533:
3476:
3147:
3066:
3057:
2881:
2850:
2565:10.1007/s11356-018-1197-x
2384:10.1186/s13068-017-0829-6
2131:10.1007/s11816-009-0088-5
2050:Populus primaveralepensis
2006:10.3389/fpls.2022.1031087
1789:Trees of Britain and rope
1612:are frequently used as a
1496:
1309:The trees are grown from
707:Populus primaveralepensis
518:is a two- to four-valved
315:
304:
291:
284:
152:Scientific classification
150:
140:
131:
50:
1929:26 February 2023 at the
1735:Joint Genome Institute,
1650:Polychlorinated Biphenyl
1277:
1183:trees in North America.
1134:) – lanceleaf cottonwood
1115:– Mexico poplar (Mexico)
343:, native to most of the
41:Populus (disambiguation)
30:Not to be confused with
2514:10.1021/acs.est.7b01504
2234:3 November 2007 at the
1878:29 January 2008 at the
1767:. BSBI Handbook No. 4.
1536:
1378:
1353:Although the wood from
1336:
1098:Populus guzmanantlensis
831:) – hybrid black poplar
811:) – hybrid black poplar
33:Liriodendron tulipifera
4440:Frameless construction
3521:Wood-plastic composite
2683:(Suppl 4): 1001–1004.
2475:3 January 2010 at the
2152:H. A. Shapiro (2007).
1812:Keeler, H. L. (1900).
1787:Rushforth, K. (1999).
1763:Meikle, R. D. (1984).
1571:and most famous early
1556:
1546:short rotation coppice
1526:short rotation coppice
1521:
1350:
1291:
1232:
1213:
1121:Intersectional hybrids
849:
620:
612:Populus × petrowskiana
603:
581:, which come from the
546:
477:
438:
418:
4801:Paleobiology Database
2249:"Baking Bread Abroad"
1674:Gerard Manley Hopkins
1519:
1400:poplars are grown on
1344:
1285:
1219:
1211:
1169:of a large number of
1060:– subtropical poplars
842:
687:Populus grandidentata
615:("Czar's Poplar") in
609:
596:
540:
475:
427:
412:
4368:Timber Framers Guild
3222:Australian Blackwood
2809:at Wikimedia Commons
2750:10.2134/jeq2004.0399
1580:stringed instruments
1028:Populus heterophylla
929:Populus maximowiczii
870:Populus angustifolia
670:P. alba × P. tremula
39:For other uses, see
4088:Hammer-headed tenon
3607:Janka hardness test
2742:2005JEnvQ..34.1755S
2633:2010WaMan..30.1032J
2557:2018ESPR...25.9114G
2506:2017EnST...5110050D
2500:(17): 10050–10058.
2292:(2 fvhc): 358–370.
1738:Populus trichocarpa
1573:Italian Renaissance
1253:Populus tremuloides
1186:Several species of
1176:Pleurotus populinus
1127:Populus × acuminata
1005:Populus yunnanensis
997:Populus ussuriensis
989:places it in sect.
974:Populus trichocarpa
966:places it in sect.
959:Populus szechuanica
878:Populus balsamifera
783:places it in sect.
735:Populus tremuloides
415:Populus tremuloides
345:Northern Hemisphere
2949:Japanese carpentry
1744:2 May 2008 at the
1644:(TEs) in soil and
1522:
1433:and the boxes for
1351:
1292:
1233:
1214:
1075:Populus ilicifolia
1067:Populus euphratica
1036:Populus lasiocarpa
948:Populus suaveolens
921:Populus laurifolia
897:– (northeast Asia)
850:
846:Populus lasiocarpa
621:
604:
547:
478:
439:
419:
4914:Salicaceae genera
4891:
4890:
4788:Open Tree of Life
4500:Taxon identifiers
4491:
4490:
4445:Green woodworking
4302:Wood preservation
4230:
4229:
4133:Tongue and groove
4113:Mortise and tenon
4002:
4001:
3700:Warrington hammer
3529:
3528:
3217:African Blackwood
3009:Segmented turning
2805:Media related to
2165:978-1-139-82699-0
2115:Populus deltoides
1958:978-92-5-107185-4
1902:978-0-660-18145-5
1654:Trichloroethylene
1531:energy efficiency
1272:Populus deltoides
1162:broadleaf trees.
1091:– Mexican poplars
953:
934:
915:
894:Populus cathayana
789:Populus afghanica
768:Populus fremontii
760:Populus deltoides
719:Populus sieboldii
679:Populus davidiana
645:Populus adenopoda
325:
324:
280:
16:(Redirected from
4926:
4909:Dioecious plants
4884:
4883:
4871:
4870:
4858:
4857:
4848:
4847:
4835:
4834:
4822:
4821:
4809:
4808:
4796:
4795:
4783:
4782:
4773:
4772:
4760:
4759:
4757:NHMSYS0000461963
4747:
4746:
4734:
4733:
4721:
4720:
4708:
4707:
4695:
4694:
4682:
4681:
4669:
4668:
4656:
4655:
4643:
4642:
4630:
4629:
4617:
4616:
4604:
4603:
4591:
4590:
4578:
4577:
4565:
4564:
4552:
4551:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4495:
4494:
4481:
4480:
4471:
4470:
4461:
4460:
4011:
4010:
3680:Thickness planer
3540:
3539:
3334:(lime, basswood)
3064:
3063:
2924:Chainsaw carving
2837:
2830:
2823:
2814:
2813:
2804:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2778:on 6 August 2019
2768:
2762:
2761:
2736:(5): 1755–1762.
2730:J. Environ. Qual
2725:
2719:
2718:
2708:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2621:Waste Management
2608:
2602:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2551:(9): 9114–9131.
2540:
2534:
2533:
2485:
2479:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2450:on 26 March 2012
2446:. Archived from
2440:
2434:
2433:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2396:
2386:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2301:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2244:
2238:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2192:Angier, Bradford
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2078:
2071:
2063:
2057:
2046:
2037:
2036:
2026:
2008:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1967:
1950:
1939:
1933:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1888:
1882:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1809:
1800:
1785:
1776:
1761:
1748:
1733:
1719:, a local name.
1638:phytoremediation
1632:Phytoremediation
1610:Lombardy poplars
1462:Due to its high
1446:electric guitars
1435:Camembert cheese
1316:
1239:, with numerous
1237:ornamental trees
1226:Gorno-Badakhshan
1112:Populus mexicana
1044:Populus wilsonii
951:
932:
913:
863:– balsam poplars
695:Populus luziarum
638:and white poplar
589:Selected species
578:Poplus wilmattae
428:Male catkins of
379:
378:
375:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
337:flowering plants
276:
160:
159:
136:
126:
63:
56:Temporal range:
48:
47:
21:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4879:
4874:
4866:
4861:
4853:
4851:
4843:
4838:
4830:
4825:
4817:
4812:
4804:
4799:
4791:
4786:
4778:
4776:
4768:
4763:
4755:
4750:
4742:
4737:
4729:
4724:
4716:
4711:
4703:
4698:
4690:
4685:
4677:
4672:
4664:
4659:
4651:
4646:
4638:
4633:
4625:
4620:
4612:
4607:
4599:
4594:
4586:
4581:
4573:
4568:
4560:
4555:
4547:
4545:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4502:
4492:
4487:
4449:
4435:Frame and panel
4423:
4372:
4316:
4226:
4185:Surface piecing
4180:
4137:
4058:Crown of thorns
3998:
3984:Smoothing plane
3890:
3777:
3719:
3622:Milling machine
3525:
3486:Cross-laminated
3472:
3143:
3053:
3024:Spindle turning
3014:Shingle weaving
2984:Pallet crafting
2877:
2846:
2841:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2726:
2722:
2689:10.2307/3434144
2669:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2609:
2605:
2592:
2588:
2541:
2537:
2486:
2482:
2477:Wayback Machine
2468:
2464:
2453:
2451:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2414:
2410:
2363:
2359:
2327:
2323:
2286:New Phytologist
2278:
2274:
2264:
2262:
2245:
2241:
2236:Wayback Machine
2227:
2223:
2208:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2166:
2150:
2146:
2111:
2107:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2047:
2040:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1931:Wayback Machine
1914:
1910:
1903:
1889:
1885:
1880:Wayback Machine
1862:
1858:
1851:
1825:
1821:
1810:
1803:
1786:
1779:
1762:
1751:
1746:Wayback Machine
1734:
1730:
1725:
1709:is named after
1666:
1634:
1622:
1607:
1605:Land management
1563:panel paintings
1559:
1551:energy recovery
1539:
1511:energy forestry
1499:
1393:
1381:
1372:Pliny the Elder
1339:
1314:
1280:
1206:
1197:Sesia apiformis
1152:
1143:(North America)
1104:Populus simaroa
982:Populus tristis
940:Populus simonii
910:Populus koreana
902:Populus ciliata
727:Populus tremula
672:) – grey poplar
591:
573:
564:chloroplast DNA
535:
407:
356:
352:
300:
297:
294:Populus tremula
275:
154:
144:Populus tremula
127:
125:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
58:
57:
54:
44:
37:
36:(tulip poplar).
28:
27:Genus of plants
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4932:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4881:wfo-4000030925
4872:
4859:
4849:
4836:
4823:
4810:
4797:
4784:
4774:
4761:
4748:
4735:
4722:
4709:
4696:
4683:
4670:
4657:
4644:
4631:
4618:
4605:
4592:
4579:
4566:
4553:
4543:
4528:
4512:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4475:
4465:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4414:Quarter sawing
4411:
4406:
4404:Wood splitting
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4312:Wood finishing
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4272:Paint stripper
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4147:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4017:
4008:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3979:Shoulder plane
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3954:Moulding plane
3951:
3946:
3944:Japanese plane
3941:
3936:
3934:Grooving plane
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3787:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3748:Flooring clamp
3745:
3740:
3735:
3729:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3705:Winding sticks
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3685:Timber-framing
3682:
3677:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3511:Particle board
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3491:Glue laminated
3488:
3482:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3072:
3070:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3029:Timber framing
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2999:Relief carving
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2899:Bush carpentry
2896:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2840:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2796:
2795:External links
2793:
2790:
2789:
2763:
2720:
2663:
2654:
2627:(6): 1032–42.
2603:
2586:
2535:
2480:
2462:
2435:
2408:
2357:
2321:
2272:
2254:Bakers Journal
2239:
2221:
2206:
2183:
2164:
2144:
2125:(3): 175–182.
2105:
2090:
2058:
2038:
1979:
1957:
1934:
1908:
1901:
1883:
1856:
1849:
1819:
1801:
1777:
1749:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1700:Mihai Eminescu
1685:Billie Holiday
1680:felled 1879".
1678:Binsey Poplars
1670:William Cowper
1665:
1662:
1633:
1630:
1621:
1618:
1606:
1603:
1558:
1555:
1538:
1535:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1478:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1438:
1415:
1408:
1392:
1389:
1380:
1377:
1338:
1335:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1279:
1276:
1205:
1202:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1135:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1032:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1001:
993:
978:
970:
955:
944:
936:
925:
917:
906:
898:
890:
874:
837:
836:
835:
834:
833:
832:
812:
772:
764:
741:
740:
739:
731:
723:
715:
703:
691:
683:
675:
674:
673:
649:
590:
587:
583:Late Paleocene
572:
569:
534:
533:Classification
531:
406:
403:
399:DNA sequencing
394:P. trichocarpa
339:in the family
323:
322:
313:
312:
302:
301:
298:
289:
288:
282:
281:
268:
264:
263:
258:
254:
253:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
218:
211:
210:
205:
198:
197:
192:
185:
184:
179:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
148:
147:
138:
137:
129:
128:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
55:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4931:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4882:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4850:
4846:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4775:
4771:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4544:
4539:
4533:
4529:
4524:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4496:
4484:
4476:
4474:
4466:
4464:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4384:Chainsaw mill
4382:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:Organizations
4319:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4277:Steam bending
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4247:French polish
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4118:Rabbet/Rebate
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4103:Mason's mitre
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4009:
4005:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3949:Jointer plane
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3919:Compass plane
3917:
3915:
3914:Chamfer plane
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3904:Bedrock plane
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3690:Veneer hammer
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3602:Impact driver
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3418:Red Quebracho
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2894:Bow and arrow
2892:
2890:
2889:Boat building
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2658:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2607:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2466:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2243:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2207:0-8117-0616-8
2203:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2094:
2075:
2068:
2062:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1947:
1946:
1938:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1904:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1852:
1850:9780660165066
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1823:
1815:
1808:
1806:
1798:
1797:0-00-220013-9
1794:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1774:
1773:0-901158-07-0
1770:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1728:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1712:Populus nigra
1708:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1689:Strange Fruit
1686:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1646:sewage sludge
1643:
1642:trace element
1639:
1629:
1627:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1391:Manufacturing
1388:
1386:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1348:
1343:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1289:
1284:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1210:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1142:
1141:Pacific albus
1139:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
992:
988:
984:
983:
979:
976:
975:
971:
969:
965:
961:
960:
956:
950:
949:
945:
942:
941:
937:
931:
930:
926:
923:
922:
918:
912:
911:
907:
904:
903:
899:
896:
895:
891:
888:
887:P. tacamahaca
884:
880:
879:
875:
872:
871:
867:
866:
864:
862:
861:
857:
852:
851:
848:
847:
841:
830:
826:
822:
821:
817:
813:
810:
806:
802:
801:
797:
793:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
777:
776:Populus nigra
773:
770:
769:
765:
762:
761:
757:
756:
754:
752:
751:
747:
742:
737:
736:
732:
729:
728:
724:
721:
720:
716:
713:
709:
708:
704:
701:
697:
696:
692:
689:
688:
684:
681:
680:
676:
671:
667:
666:
662:
658:
657:
655:
654:
650:
647:
646:
642:
641:
639:
637:
633:
632:
628:
623:
622:
618:
614:
613:
608:
601:
600:
599:Populus nigra
595:
586:
584:
580:
579:
568:
565:
561:
557:
556:hybridisation
552:
544:
539:
530:
528:
524:
521:
517:
512:
508:
504:
500:
495:
491:
487:
483:
474:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
437:
436:
432:
426:
422:
416:
411:
402:
400:
396:
395:
389:
387:
383:
377:
350:
346:
342:
338:
335:
331:
330:
321:
320:
314:
311:
307:
303:
296:
295:
290:
287:
283:
279:
274:
273:
269:
266:
265:
262:
259:
256:
255:
252:
249:
246:
245:
242:
239:
236:
235:
232:
229:
226:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:Tracheophytes
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
158:
153:
149:
146:
145:
139:
135:
130:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
62:
53:
49:
46:
42:
35:
34:
19:
4507:
4252:Heat bending
4197:Edge banding
3969:Router plane
3964:Rebate plane
3924:Finger plane
3655:
3397:
3359:
3353:
3333:
3327:Lignum vitae
3085:
3079:
3044:Wood carving
3019:Shipbuilding
3004:Root carving
2964:Log building
2929:Chip carving
2780:. Retrieved
2776:the original
2766:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2657:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2598:., landfill
2589:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2465:
2452:. Retrieved
2448:the original
2438:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2374:
2370:
2360:
2338:(2): 89–97.
2335:
2331:
2324:
2289:
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2252:
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2154:
2147:
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2093:
2081:. Retrieved
2061:
2053:
2049:
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1992:
1982:
1970:. Retrieved
1944:
1937:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1892:
1886:
1869:Amer. J. Bot
1868:
1864:
1859:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1822:
1813:
1788:
1764:
1737:
1731:
1710:
1704:
1693:
1682:
1667:
1635:
1623:
1608:
1599:sound boards
1588:sitka spruce
1577:
1566:
1560:
1540:
1523:
1500:
1491:
1475:wooden shoes
1384:
1382:
1369:
1364:
1360:Liriodendron
1358:
1354:
1352:
1345:Traditional
1326:Yamuna Nagar
1319:
1310:
1308:
1293:
1287:
1271:
1269:
1258:
1251:
1245:
1234:
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1185:
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990:
980:
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967:
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908:
900:
892:
886:
883:P. candicans
882:
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868:
859:
855:
853:
844:
829:P. fremontii
828:
824:
819:
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808:
805:P. deltoides
804:
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774:
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758:
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745:
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725:
717:
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693:
685:
677:
669:
664:
660:
653:Populus alba
651:
643:
630:
626:
624:
610:
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576:
574:
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548:
542:
479:
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462:
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434:
430:
420:
414:
392:
390:
385:
381:
348:
328:
327:
326:
316:
292:
286:Type species
271:
270:
231:Malpighiales
214:
201:
188:
175:
142:
51:
45:
31:
4700:iNaturalist
4532:Wikispecies
4473:WikiProject
4419:Rift sawing
4409:Flat sawing
4297:Wood drying
3974:Scrub plane
3959:Razee plane
3909:Block plane
3763:Mitre clamp
3710:Wood scribe
3661:Combination
3403:Purpleheart
3099:Douglas fir
3049:Woodturning
2882:Occupations
2844:Woodworking
2176:22 November
1837:Biology of
1628:mushrooms.
1620:Agriculture
1503:energy crop
1464:tannic acid
1421:, used for
1402:plantations
1259:Trees with
1224:City Park,
1204:Cultivation
1171:Lepidoptera
787:(including
560:nuclear DNA
484:are mostly
405:Description
401:, in 2006.
251:Salicoideae
247:Subfamily:
195:Angiosperms
4898:Categories
4428:Techniques
4377:Conversion
4307:Wood stain
4235:Treatments
4023:Birdsmouth
3989:Spokeshave
3939:Jack plane
3929:Fore plane
3768:Pipe clamp
3733:Band clamp
3657:Carpenters
3478:Engineered
3428:Rubberwood
3277:Eucalyptus
3081:Calocedrus
2994:Pyrography
2959:Kohlrosing
2782:15 October
2424:(1): 144.
2377:(1): 144.
1791:. Collins
1723:References
1471:chopsticks
1431:matchboxes
1425:and cheap
1317:November.
1261:fastigiate
1230:Tajikistan
860:Tacamahaca
843:Leaves of
800:canadensis
549:The genus
490:monoecious
435:canadensis
386:cottonwood
341:Salicaceae
241:Salicaceae
59:58–0
4622:FloraBase
4217:Parquetry
4212:Oystering
4207:Marquetry
4048:Butterfly
3715:Workbench
3647:Sandpaper
3627:Mitre box
3572:Drawknife
3562:Burnisher
3547:Abrasives
3496:Hardboard
3157:Afromosia
3039:Whittling
2989:Parquetry
2974:Marquetry
2919:Certosina
2914:Carpentry
2904:Cabinetry
2851:Overviews
2522:0013-936X
2083:3 October
2015:1664-462X
1614:windbreak
1568:Mona Lisa
1457:bow drill
1442:snowboard
1256:clones).
1241:cultivars
1173:species.
1019:Leucoides
914:J.Rehnder
665:canescens
619:, Finland
602:in autumn
571:Phylogeny
520:dehiscent
486:dioecious
447:lenticels
334:deciduous
165:Kingdom:
4863:VicFlora
4852:VASCAN:
4845:40014915
4840:Tropicos
4517:Wikidata
4463:Category
4242:Adhesive
4222:Purfling
4202:Intarsia
4143:Profiles
4068:Dovetail
4007:Geometry
3846:Hand saw
3831:Crosscut
3816:Circular
3811:Chainsaw
3758:Holdfast
3423:Rosewood
3355:American
3350:Mahogany
3322:Jelutong
3292:Hornbeam
3257:Cocobolo
3252:Chestnut
3167:Andiroba
2979:Millwork
2944:Intarsia
2939:Fretwork
2934:Ébéniste
2863:Glossary
2758:16151227
2649:20211551
2600:leachate
2573:29340860
2530:28737929
2473:Archived
2403:28592993
2352:86414864
2316:35494995
2308:18331429
2259:Archived
2232:Archived
2194:(1974).
2170:Archived
2139:42796629
2074:Archived
2033:36618663
1972:24 March
1963:Archived
1927:Archived
1876:Archived
1742:Archived
1717:Osokorky
1660:(PAHs).
1652:(PCBs),
1626:shiitake
1595:luthiers
1406:pulpwood
1286:Popular
1156:riparian
1087:section
1056:section
1017:section
991:Aigeiros
968:Aigeiros
905:– (Asia)
858:section
825:P. nigra
809:P. nigra
750:Aigeiros
748:section
714:, Mexico
702:, Mexico
629:section
488:(rarely
467:Aigeiros
306:Sections
261:Saliceae
237:Family:
208:Eudicots
141:Leaf of
4904:Populus
4731:1360261
4718:36051-1
4679:3040183
4653:Populus
4538:Populus
4508:Populus
4483:Commons
4399:Whipsaw
4394:Sawmill
4287:Varnish
4282:Thermal
4257:Lacquer
4192:Binding
4161:Chamfer
4028:Biscuit
3994:Surform
3886:Whipsaw
3856:Keyhole
3841:Fretsaw
3821:Compass
3806:Bucksaw
3796:Bandsaw
3791:Backsaw
3773:Sawbuck
3743:F-clamp
3738:C-clamp
3612:Jointer
3516:Plywood
3468:Zebrano
3408:Ovankol
3373:Meranti
3361:African
3332:Linden
3287:Hickory
3242:Cedrela
3237:Camphor
3232:Bubinga
3227:Boxwood
3207:Bilinga
3192:Avodire
3109:Juniper
3094:Cypress
2969:Luthier
2858:History
2807:Populus
2738:Bibcode
2715:9703485
2706:1533336
2697:3434144
2629:Bibcode
2613:Populus
2581:3892759
2553:Bibcode
2502:Bibcode
2394:5460468
2265:11 June
2024:9815717
1917:Populus
1865:Populus
1839:Populus
1831:Populus
1664:Culture
1656:(TCE),
1542:Biofuel
1507:biomass
1480:Baking
1427:plywood
1423:pallets
1385:Populus
1365:Populus
1355:Populus
1347:Pamiris
1330:Haryana
1322:plywood
1288:Populus
1265:willows
1192:dieback
1188:Populus
1181:Populus
1150:Ecology
1138:Populus
1085:Populus
1058:Turanga
1054:Populus
1015:Populus
952:Fischer
933:A.Henry
856:Populus
820:inopina
816:Populus
796:Populus
785:Populus
746:Populus
712:Jalisco
700:Jalisco
661:Populus
631:Populus
627:Populus
617:Heinola
551:Populus
543:Populus
523:capsule
511:anthers
507:stamens
503:corolla
494:catkins
482:flowers
463:Populus
459:petiole
451:willows
431:Populus
329:Populus
310:species
272:Populus
267:Genus:
257:Tribe:
227:Order:
169:Plantae
52:Populus
18:Poplars
4814:PLANTS
4793:530178
4777:NZOR:
4666:126537
4640:126537
4549:193964
4546:APDB:
4523:Q25356
4389:Hewing
4128:Splice
4083:Halved
4078:Groove
4073:Finger
4053:Coping
4038:Bridle
4015:Joints
3896:Planes
3881:Veneer
3871:Scroll
3866:Ripsaw
3851:Jigsaw
3826:Coping
3725:Clamps
3652:Square
3642:Shaper
3637:Router
3617:Mallet
3592:Gimlet
3567:Chisel
3463:Willow
3453:Walnut
3443:Totara
3433:Sapele
3398:Poplar
3383:Padauk
3345:Merbau
3317:Jarrah
3302:Imbuia
3297:Idigbo
3262:Cumaru
3247:Cherry
3172:Anigre
3134:Spruce
3087:Cedrus
2954:Khatam
2909:Caning
2872:lumber
2756:
2713:
2703:
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2647:
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1873:online
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1565:; the
1497:Energy
1486:peeled
1482:moulds
1419:timber
1398:hybrid
1315:
1296:Punjab
1222:Khorog
1167:larvae
1160:boreal
636:aspens
455:leaves
384:, and
349:poplar
221:Rosids
4819:POPUL
4806:55955
4744:22444
4726:IRMNG
4705:47566
4648:FoAO2
4627:22616
4614:1POPG
4601:39565
4588:63PVP
4562:98771
4267:Paint
4176:Ovolo
4171:Ogive
4156:Bevel
4123:Scarf
4108:Miter
3876:Table
3861:Miter
3836:Frame
3753:Gripe
3669:Speed
3665:Miter
3597:Gauge
3587:Float
3582:Fence
3577:Drill
3535:Tools
3458:Wenge
3448:Utile
3413:Ramin
3368:Maple
3340:Lovoa
3312:Iroko
3282:Hazel
3267:Ebony
3212:Birch
3202:Beech
3197:Balsa
3187:Aspen
3182:Apple
3162:Alder
3119:Kauri
3114:Larch
3076:Cedar
3059:Woods
3034:Treen
2693:JSTOR
2617:Salix
2577:S2CID
2348:S2CID
2312:S2CID
2135:S2CID
2077:(PDF)
2070:(PDF)
1966:(PDF)
1949:(PDF)
1919:L.".
1578:Some
1509:, in
1484:from
1450:drums
1412:paper
1349:house
1311:kalam
1278:India
1247:Pando
1089:Abaso
987:cpDNA
964:cpDNA
781:cpDNA
527:seeds
516:fruit
499:calyx
382:aspen
215:Clade
202:Clade
189:Clade
176:Clade
4855:1583
4827:POWO
4770:3689
4765:NCBI
4739:ITIS
4713:IPNI
4692:9759
4687:GRIN
4674:GBIF
4609:EPPO
4575:2822
4570:BOLD
4557:APNI
4166:Ogee
4151:Bead
4093:Knee
4063:Dado
4043:Butt
3783:Saws
3695:Vise
3632:Rasp
3557:Adze
3438:Teak
3393:Plum
3388:Pear
3149:Hard
3129:Rimu
3124:Pine
3068:Soft
2868:Wood
2784:2018
2754:PMID
2711:PMID
2645:PMID
2615:and
2569:PMID
2526:PMID
2518:ISSN
2456:2011
2399:PMID
2304:PMID
2267:2016
2212:OCLC
2202:ISBN
2178:2015
2160:ISBN
2117:)".
2085:2019
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319:text
317:See
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4752:NBN
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3506:OSB
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3272:Elm
3177:Ash
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3104:Fir
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