Portia fimbriata - Knowledge

2024:′s ability to solve a novel problem by trial and error. A little island was set up in the middle of a miniature atoll, and the space between with them was filled with water. The gap was too wide for the spiders to jump all the way, and the spiders' options were to leap and then swim or to swim only. The testers encouraged some specimens by using a tiny scoop to make waves toward the atoll when the spiders chose the option the testers preferred (leap and then swim, or swim only), and discouraged some specimens by making waves back toward the island when the spiders chose the option the testers did not want – in other words, the testers "rewarded" one group for "successful" behaviour and "penalised" the other group for "unwanted" behaviour. The Queensland 691: 513: 60: 1779: 39: 2103: 1262:, generally prefer to suck from blotting soaked with a 30% solution of sugar rather than paper soaked with distilled water. The authors suggest that, in the wild, nectar may be a frequent, convenient way to get some nutrients, as it would avoid the work, risks and costs (such as making venom) of predation. Jumping spiders may benefit from 1258:, either by sucking free nectar from the surface of flowers or biting the flowers with their fangs. The spiders fed in cycles of two to four minutes, then groomed their bodies and especially their chelicerae, before another cycle. A more formal part of the test showed that 90 juvenile jumping spiders, including 435:

with white hairs. Both sexes also have fine, faint markings and soft fringes of hair. The female has two white stripes that form an M on the cephalothorax: these stripes start at the level of the pedipalps, pass between the lateral and median anterior eyes, go up to the tufts of the cephalothorax and

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emit olfactory signals that reduce the risk that any other females, males or juveniles of the same species may contend for the same prey. The effect inhibits aggressive mimicry against a prey spider even if the prey spider is visible, and also if the prey is inhabiting any part of a web. If a female

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A female that sees a male may approach slowly or wait. The male then walks erect and displays by waving his legs and palps. If the female does not run away, she gives a "propulsive display" first. If the male stands his ground and she does not run away or repeat the propulsive display, he approaches

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from Queensland minimise the risk of meeting each other, by recognising fresh pieces of blotting paper, some containing their own silk draglines and some containing another male's draglines. Males also were attracted by fresh blotting paper containing females' draglines, while females do not respond

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specimens without prey for 21 days ("extra-starved") showed no preference for different types of prey. The test included as prey several species of web spiders and jumping spiders, and the selection of the prey species showed no evidence of affecting the results. Insects were represented by the

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in Queensland prefers to lay eggs on dead, brown leaves about 20 millimetres long, suspended near the top of its capture web, and then cover the eggs with a sheet of silk. If there is no dead leaf available, the female will make a small horizontal silk platform in the capture web, lay the eggs

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can sense vibrations from surfaces, and use these for mating and for hunting other spiders in total darkness. It can use air- and surface "smells" to detect prey which it often meets, to identify members of the same species, to recognise familiar members, and to determine the sex of other member of

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Adult males are less ready to pursue and less efficient at catching than adult females, especially against larger prey. Males are quite effective against small web spiders, and reluctant to tackle large ones although they catch them in about 50% of attempts. Against other jumping spiders, males do

536:

have eight eyes, the two large ones in the center-and-front position (the anterior-median eyes, also called "principal eyes") housed in tubes in the cephalothorax and providing acute vision. The other six are secondary eyes, positioned along the sides of the carapace and acting mainly as movement

2156:

does not stalk but displays by moving quickly and smoothly, and displays at 4 to 27 centimetres away. It raises its legs, its body sways from side to side, and the palps are lowered below the chelicerae ("fangs"). This is very different from the stalking it uses when encountering another

2145:

to fresh blotting paper containing males' draglines. This suggested that the males usually search for females, rather than vice versa. Neither sex responded to one week-old blotting paper, irrespective of whether it contained males' or females' draglines. A similar series of tests showed that

468:

species have a slow, "choppy" gait that preserves their concealment: pausing often and at irregular intervals; waving their legs continuously and their palps jerkily up and down; and moving each appendage out of time with the others and continuously varying the speed and timing.

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and, if she is mature, they copulate, the male inserting the tip of one of his palpal bulbs into the female's copulatory opening, using the first palp that made scraping contact. If the female is sub-adult (one moult from maturity), a male or sometimes a sub-adult male of

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species are relatively large, and function as well as its other secondary eyes. The main eyes focus accurately on an object at distances from approximately 2 centimetres to infinity, and in practice can see up to about 75 centimetres. Like all jumping spiders,

1822:. These females are unusually translucent, and the translucent cuticle makes the anterior-median eyes (front-and-center) show light and dark regions that flicker in and out when viewed head on. Lyssomanine males are not translucent and do not produce this flickering, and 760:

species use breezes and other disturbances as "smokescreens" in which these predators can approach web spiders more quickly, and revert to a more cautious approach when the disturbance disappears. A few web spiders run far away when they sense the un-rhythmical gait of a

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male from Queensland displays to a female, she may run away or she may charge at him. If the pair reach agreement after this, they will copulate if she is mature, and if she is sub-adult he will cohabit in her nest until she finishes moulting, and then they copulate.

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have instinctive hunting tactics for their most common prey, but can improvise by trial and error against unfamiliar prey or in unfamiliar situations, and then remember the new approach. There are differences in the hunting tactics of the regional populations of

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Jackson and Blest (1982) say, "The resolution of the receptor mosaic of Layer I in the central retina was estimated to be a visual angle of 2.4 arc min, corresponding to 0–12 mm at 20 cm in front of the spider, or 0–18 mm at

747:

species hunt in all types of webs. In contrast, other cursorial spiders generally have difficulty moving on webs, and web-building spiders find it difficult to move in webs unlike those they build. When hunting in another spider's web, a

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species spin a horizontal web whose diameter is about twice the spider's body length and is suspended only 1 to 4 millimetres below a leaf. The spider lies head down, and often slides down 20 to 30 millimetres during moulting.

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has no special tactics against other jumping spiders and treats them as if they were web spiders. It either tries to jump on them or gives up, so this variant is poor at catching other jumping spiders. The Northern Territory variant of

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can take in only a small visual field at one time, as the most acute part of a main eye can see all of a circle up to 12 millimeters wide at 20 centimeters away, or up to 18 millimeters wide at 30 centimeters away.

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is about 4 millimetres long and 3 millimetres wide, and the abdomen about 4 millimetres long and 2.2 millimetres wide. The front of the cephalothorax is large and angular, and the face is broad, high and flat. In

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meet just above the pair of principal eyes. The back half of the male's cephalothorax has a white strip round the bottom edge and a white groove down the back. While male spiders' palps are larger than females', the palps of

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is an outstanding predator of other jumping spiders and of web spiders, but poor against insects. The Queensland variant use a unique "cryptic stalking" technique which prevents most jumping spider prey from identifying this

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spiderlings from Queensland, 64% of those fed only on spiders survived to maturity, 37% of those fed on a mixture of spiders and insects survived, and all those fed solely on insects died before reaching the 6th instar. For

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live near running water and where there is moderate light, while Northern Territory specimens live in caves where the light varies from rather dark at the back to much brighter around the mouths. Other populations of

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much more than is usual among salticids, visual cues alone are enough to start displays and distinguish members of the same species from other salticids, even if neither partner moves. The spindly, fringed legs of

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specimens generally repeated successful behaviour and switched if the first try was unsuccessful, irrespective of which option (leap and then swim or to swim only) the testers chose as "good" for each specimen.

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exaggerates the slowness and "choppiness" of its normal gait (sometimes called "robotlike") and holds its palps retracted beside its fangs, as it also does in the cryptic rest pose. If the salticid prey faces

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against unfamiliar prey or in unfamiliar situations, and then remember the new approach. They can also make detours to find the best attack angle against dangerous prey, even when the best detour takes a

291:

with white hairs, and dark brown abdomens with white spots on the upper side. Both sexes have fine, faint markings and soft fringes of hair, and the legs are spindly and fringed. However, specimens from

894:

may wait about 20 to 200 millimetres away for 15 to 30 minutes from seizing the prey. Insects are usually not immobilised so quickly but continue to struggle, sometimes for several minutes.

878:, the prey usually runs away for about 100 to 200 millimetres, enters convulsions, becomes paralysed after 10 to 30 seconds, and continues convulsing for 10 seconds to 4 minutes. 473:′s walk is unlike that of any other spider, and this gait and the spider's fringes gives the appearance of light flickering through the forest canopy and reflecting from a piece of detritus. In 358:

as a predator, or even as an animal at all. Some jumping spider prey have partial defences against the cryptic stalking technique. All types of prey spiders occasionally counter-attack, but all

725:

can pluck another spider's web with a virtually unlimited range of signals, either to lure the prey out into the open or calming the prey by monotonously repeating the same signal while the

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from Queensland these often including grappling that sometimes breaks a leg. A victor may evict a loser, and then eat the loser's eggs and take over the loser's web. Unlike in some other

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from Queensland uses cryptic stalking against both salticids native to Queensland and against imported salticids. Other salticids often defend themselves when stalked by other species of

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has an orange carapace and chelicerae with sooty markings, palps mainly light yellow, legs orange-brown, and abdomen light yellow. Wanless also found a male from the Amboina area in

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Harland, Duane P.; Robert R. Jackson; Aynsley M. Macnab (March 1999). "Distances at which jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) distinguish between prey and conspecific rivals".

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in the wild, as its shape and movements are well disguised. The Queensland variety is quite easy to raise, while the Northern Territory variety is quite troublesome to maintain.

440:

females have a fringe of hair that makes them look about as larger as males'. The abdomens of both sexes are dark brown, with white spots on the upper side. Wanless' female from

1503:′s preferences for different types of prey are in the order: web spiders; jumping spiders; and insects. These preferences apply to both live prey and motionless lures, and to 4267: 2394: 1675: 2665:

The retina is at the end of a tube. The inner end of the tube moves from side to side in one to two cycles per second, and twists 50° in a cycle that takes 10 seconds.

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Jackson, R. R.; Jakob, E. M.; Willey, M. B.; Campbell, G. E. (February 1993). "Anti-predator defences of a web-building spider, Holocnemus pluchei (Araneae, Pholcidae)".

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also live with higher light levels than in Queensland, and some members of these other populations are found in webs exposed to direct sunlight for part of the day. In

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takes a relatively long time to see objects, possibly because getting a good image out of such tiny eyes is a complex process and needs a lot of scanning. This makes a

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species eat eggs of other spiders, including eggs of their own species and of other cursorial spiders, and can extract eggs from cases ranging from the flimsy ones of

279:. Adult females have bodies 6.8 to 10.5 millimetres long, while those of adult males are 5.2 to 6.5 millimetres long. Both sexes have a generally dark brown 1482:

outside Queensland, occasionally use isolated aspects of cryptic stalking, such as briefly keeping the palps down or being still for a moment when very close to prey.

4444:

Jackson, Robert R.; R. Stimson Wilcox (1990). "Aggressive mimicry, prey-specific predatory behaviour and predator-recognition in the predator-prey interactions of

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freezes until the prey turns away. This "cryptic stalking" appears unique to Queensland, where most other jumping spiders fail to recognize a disguised stalking

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uses cryptic stalking consistently against the males. This suggests that the flickering anterior-median eyes of lyssomanine females may reduce the ability of

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from Queensland and in some other species, contests between males usually last only 5 to 10 seconds, and only their legs make contact. Contests between

706:

also build webs to catch prey directly. These "capture webs" are funnel-shaped and widest at the top and are about 4,000 cubic centimetres in volume. A

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in Queensland slowly moves its cephalothorax above the prey, and then quickly drives down with its fangs open. This type of attack is not used by other

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may attack the other spider as it re-enters the nest, or may wait motionless until the prey exits. If a stabbed prey spider retreats into the nest,

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usually waits for up to a day until the insect stops struggling, even if the prey is thoroughly stuck. When an insect is stuck in a web owned by

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Jackson, Robert R.; Simon D. Pollard; Ana M. Cerveira (2002). "Opportunistic use of cognitive smokescreens by araneophagic jumping spiders".

3390:, areanophagic, web-building jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) utilisation of webs, predatory versatility, and intraspecfic interactions" 460:

species adopt a special posture, called the "cryptic rest posture", pulling their legs in close to the body and their palps back beside the

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salticid of a different species, despite receiving the same visual stimulus, the sight of the other's large anterior-median eyes. Although

4670:

Jackson, Robert R.; Chris M. Carter; Michael S. Tarsitano (2001). "Trial-and-error solving of a confinement problem by a jumping spider,

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typically copulates for about 100 seconds, while other genera can take several minutes or even several hours. Unlike in some other

939:

species are often seen with missing legs or palps, while other salticids in the same habitat are not seen with missing legs or palps. A

448:, showing an orange-brown carapace and chelicerae, yellow-brown to orange-brown palps, orange-brown legs and a light yellowish abdomen. 2054:

shows. While pursuits by the Queensland variant typically take 26 minutes, those of the Northern Territory variant typically take

3960: 3437: 3055: 1206:"Tendency to pursue prey" is the percentage of tests in which the subject pursues the potential prey, and a pursuit starts when the 496:

species leap upwards about 100 to 150 millimetres, often from the cryptic rest pose, and often over a wide trajectory. Usually

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is not as good as the Queensland variant at catching web spiders, but better than the Sri Lanka variant and some other species of

5402: 2371:. It lives on foliage, tree trunks, boulders, and rock walls. Throughout its range, this is the most common species of the genus 377:

females are usually long and violent, and the victor may evict a loser and then eat the loser's eggs – but victorious females of

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occasionally lays eggs in a dead leaf, but more usually in a silk egg sac on a small horizontal web suspended on the main web.

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from Queensland is the most thoroughly studied araneophagic (spider-eating) salticid. Robinson (2010) said that the Queensland

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in Queensland can be very sedentary, in some cases remaining in the same web for over 48 days during a series of moults.

537:

detectors. In most jumping spiders, the middle pair of secondary eyes are very small and have no known function, but those of

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does not use cryptic stalking and does not consistently pull its palps back nor consistently freeze when faced by the prey.

752:′s slow, choppy movements and the flaps on its legs make it resemble leaf detritus caught in the web and blown in a breeze. 597:

can also identify features of the scenery up to 85 times its own body length, which helps the spider to find detours.

666:

have been called "eight-legged cats", as their hunting tactics are as versatile and adaptable as a lion's. All members of

4764: 4544:

Clark, Robert J.; Duane P. Harland; Robert J. Jackson (2000). "Speculative hunting by an araneophagic salticid spider".

927:′s especially tough skin often prevents injury, even when its body is caught in the other spider's fangs. When injured, 5484: 4794:

Willey, Marianne B.; Robert R. Jackson (1993). "Olfactory cues from conspecifics inhibit the web-invasion behavior of

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usually needs to inflict up to 15 stabbings to completely immobilise a larger spider (1.5 to 2 times to the

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preys mainly on salticids of other genera, generally using against them a special tactic called "cryptic stalking".

410:

have bodies 6.8 to 10.5 millimetres long, while those of adult males are 5.2 to 6.5 millimetres long. The

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species may identify members of the same species, as well as concealing these spiders from other salticid species.

589:

can distinguish prey and conspecifics up to 320 millimetres away (42 times its own body length), while

5053: 3442:(Araneae, Gnaphosidae), an araneophagic spider from New New Zealand: silk utilisation and predatory versatility" 1247:

in all regions fix their own webs to solid surfaces such as rocks and tree trunks and boughs, while some other

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conceals its conspicuous palps, which it does not do when stalking a web-spider or occasionally a moving fly.

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often builds her own web on to one of a web-based non-salticid spider. When not joined to another spiders', a

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Meehan, Christopher J.; Eric J. Olson; Matthew W. Reudink; T. Kurt Kyser; Robert L. Curry (13 October 2009).

5054:"Salticid spider phylogeny revisited, with the discovery of a large Australasian clade (Araneae: Salticidae)" 2814: 943:

specimen, now in the Australian Museum collection, regenerated a lost limb about 7 days after moulting.

2862:""Eight-legged cats" and how they see: a review of recent research on jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)" 3023: 524:

have significantly better vision than other spiders, and their main eyes are more acute in daylight than a

3961:"Predatory versatility and intraspecies interactions of spartaeine jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae): 5314: 5006:

Doleschall, C. Ludwig (1859). "Tweede Bijdrage tot de kennis der Arachniden van den Indischen Archipel".

4497:, a salticid spider that specializes at preying on other salticids: species that elicit cryptic stalking" 4332:, a salticid spider that specializes at preying on other salticids: species that elicit cryptic stalking" 2579:

Spartaeinae, that Spartaeinae is basal (quite similar to the ancestors of all jumping spiders), and that

1810:, and uses cryptic stalking only about 20% of the time against other ant-mimicking salticids and against 1673:′s cryptic stalking may be a regional adaptation to the abundant but dangerous salticid prey, especially 5456: 4228:, araneophagic jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Kenya, and Uganda" 3603:"Use of location (relative direction and distance) information by jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae, 2876: 931:

bleeds and may sometimes lose one or more legs. Spiders' palps and legs break off easily when attacked,

5292: 2050:. It is not enthusiastic about pursuing insects, but is very good at catching those it pursues, as the 593:

can distinguish these up to 280 millimetres (47 times its own body length). The main eyes of

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The Sri Lanka variant enthusiastically pursues other jumping spiders and is slightly better than most

1492:

not pursue large ones and pursue about 48% of small ones, catching 84% of those they pursue. Males of

954:

All performance statistics summarise result of tests in a laboratory, using captive specimens. Female

714:

female's capture web is generally suspended from rigid foundations such as boughs and rocks. Males of

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are poor at hunting jumping spiders and better against non-salticid web-building spiders and against

4419: 4063: 1213:"Efficiency in capturing prey" is the percentage of pursuits in which the subject captures the prey. 805:

species prey sometimes contain dead insects and other arthropods which are uneaten or partly eaten.

5499: 4937:"New species and new records for jumping spiders of the subfamily Spartaeinae (Aranei: Salticidae)" 1507:

specimens without prey for 7 days ("well-fed") and without prey for 14 days ("starved").

59: 4109:

Jackson, Robert R.; Simon D. Pollard; Ximena J. Nelson; G. B. Edwards; Alberto T. Barrion (2001).

2655:"Propulsive displays" are sudden, quick movements including striking, charging, ramming and leaps. 2537:, as currently defined, probably includes two or more distinct species. In particular, Queensland 373:

from Queensland, contests between males usually are very brief and do no damage. Contests between

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group, in which the apophysis of each palp in the males has a joint separated by a membrane. The

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has the most varied prey capture techniques of any animal in the world except humans and other

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down a silk thread and biting the prey from behind. Such detours may take up to an hour, and a

191: 5242: 4632:"Geographic Variation in a Spider's Ability to Solve a Confinement Problem by Trial and Error" 3166: 5443: 4903:"Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) of the Krakatau Islands (Indonesia): a preliminary approach" 4902: 3838: 3236:

Animal cognition in nature: the convergence of psychology and biology in laboratory and field

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species do not show this behaviour when they receive olfactory signals from members of other

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through the prey's camouflage, and "hunts by speculation", jumping high in the air, so that

1251:

species often fix their webs to pliant stems and leaves and on the lower branches of trees.

5451: 5433: 5350: 5301: 4719:"Dragline-mediated sex recognition in two species of jumping spiders (Araneae Salticidae), 4044:"Spiderweb smokescreens: spider trickster uses background noise to mask stalking movements" 4832: 4826: 3775: 3769: 3108: 3102: 1976:

stalks it. If the resident spider tries to counterattack and then retreats into the nest,

1972:

spiders, plucking or cutting the nest. If the resident spider eventually leaves the nest,

8: 5479: 5306: 2560: 2217:

from Queensland do not eat their mates during courting, nor during or after copulation.

345:

variant is fair against other jumping spiders, and good against web spiders and insects.

5319: 3697: 935:′s palps and legs break off exceptionally easily, which may be a defence mechanism, and 5173: 5101:

Chen, Xiaoqiong; Yuanchun Chen; Lingbing Wu; Yu Peng; Jian Chen; Fengxiang Liu (2010).

4870:

Li, Daiqin; Robert R. Jackson (1997). "Influence of diet on survivorship and growth in

4850: 4699: 4612: 4561: 4469: 4411: 4084: 3793: 3754: 3530: 3126: 3017: 2364: 2074:

species in tests, but about half as effective as the Queensland variant. In Sri Lanka,

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also sometimes does not use cryptic stalking against females of the salticid subfamily

963: 735: 334: 200: 54: 4268:"Behavioural and cognitive influences of kairomones on an araneophagic jumping spider" 3602: 3570:"A qualitative analysis of hunting behaviour in jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)" 5428: 5337: 5203: 5165: 5117: 5076: 5032: 4836: 4691: 4604: 4596: 4178: 4154: 4076: 3996: 3875: 3828: 3779: 3660: 3654: 3621: 3534: 3522: 3514: 3461: 3411: 3239: 3190: 3112: 3071: 2996: 2753: 2637: 2631:

as an occasional supplement their diet, and juveniles of some orb-web spiders digest

2241:

s smells a male of the same species, the female stimulates the males to court. These

2114: 1850: 1699:′s salticid prey have a pair of large, forward-facing principal eyes, a feature that 1683:

uses cryptic stalking even against some oddly-shaped salticids such as the flattened

38: 5177: 4616: 4473: 4415: 4108: 4088: 3171:, an araneophagic jumping spider, distinguishes jumping-spider prey from other prey" 2278:, spiders moult and, after hatching, the life stage before each moult is called an " 702:

While most jumping spiders prey mainly on insects and by active hunting, females of

5342: 5155: 5068: 4883: 4807: 4738: 4683: 4643: 4588: 4553: 4511: 4461: 4403: 4346: 4282: 4239: 4170: 4125: 4068: 4029: 3992: 3988: 3750: 3716: 3581: 3506: 3457: 3453: 3406: 3401: 3231: 3182: 2949: 2568: 2102: 567:, cannot discriminate objects at such long distances as the members of subfamilies 268: 5141: 4742: 4244: 4215: 3586: 3569: 1984:

in Queensland never enters the nest, but waits for the prey to move out, and then

923:

is killed in 0.06% of its pursuits and injured but not killed in another 0.06%. A

500:

then either freezes or runs about 100 millimetres and then freezes. However,

2344: 1514: 982: 972: 782: 671: 580: 533: 309: 151: 20: 4648: 3825:

The Cognitive Animal: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives on Animal Cognition

1727:

makes a nest by suspending a dead rolled-up leaf by silk lines from vegetation.

958:

s' tactics and performance show regional differences between the populations in

5277: 4286: 3768:

Ruppert, E.E., Fox, R.S., and Barnes, R.D. (2004). "Arthropoda: Sense organs".

3510: 2938:(Araneae: Araneidae, Philodromidae, Salticidae and Tetragnathidae) from Taiwan" 2533:(Doleschall, 1859), and the last is now used. According to Jackson and Hallas, 2494: 2449: 1700: 992: 907: 687:

usually picks the best route even if it needs to walk past an incorrect route.

662: 563: 551: 512: 313: 276: 264: 141: 5160: 5143: 5072: 4687: 4592: 4515: 4350: 4129: 1711:, another jumping spider from Queensland, has a partly overlapping range with 679:

out of visual contact with the prey, and sometimes the planned route leads to

369:

does not use cryptic stalking but displays by moving quickly and smoothly. In

5473: 5121: 5080: 4695: 4600: 4080: 4000: 3625: 3518: 3465: 3415: 2757: 2458: 1778: 1767:

from outside the predator's home range than to capture the same species from

977: 464:("jaws"), which obscures the outlines of these appendages. When walking, all 415: 390:

typically copulates much quicker than other jumping spiders. Unlike in other

131: 5031:. International Rice Research Institute / C.A.B. International. p. 45. 4825:

Ruppert, E.E., Fox, R.S., and Barnes, R.D. (2004). "Arthropoda: Body wall".

4557: 4174: 3186: 1927:

finds a detour that allows it to abseil on to the prey. When the web spider

635:(bristles), for smell, taste, touch and vibration, protruding through their 5169: 4608: 4182: 4072: 3868:"Jumping spiders mating strategies: sex among cannibals in and out of webs" 3526: 3194: 3101:

Ruppert, E.E., Fox, R.S., and Barnes, R.D. (2004). "Chelicerata: Araneae".

1819: 1224: 847: 572: 5329: 4824: 4669: 3767: 3720: 3651:"Web Building, Predatory Versatility, and the Evolution of the Salticidae" 3100: 670:

have instinctive tactics for their most common prey, but can improvise by

5376: 5286: 5051: 3740: 2642: 2597: 2552: 2130: 1950: 1946: 1908:

adopts cryptic stalking only after recognizing prey as a jumping spider.

1806: 1263: 1228: 555: 101: 2954: 2913: 2020:

A test in a deliberately artificial environment explored the Queensland

1935:

uses this activity as a type of smokescreen to approach the web spider.

911:

is killed in 2.1% of pursuits and injured but not killed in 3.9%, while

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do not eat their mates during courting, nor during or after copulation.

5368: 4703: 4565: 4465: 2690: 2385: 2368: 2340: 2162: 2121:

spins a small web between boughs or twigs, and he hangs under that and

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is busy wrapping up its own prey and is less aware of other predators,

1784: 1715:′s and is abundant in their common range, and adult and large juvenile 959: 916: 568: 474: 461: 441: 431:, reddish brown chelicerae ("jaws"), a brown underside, and dark brown 411: 350: 293: 284: 5381: 5144:"Herbivory in a spider through exploitation of an ant–plant mutualism" 4578: 4543: 4265: 4041: 790:, and next to a web spider's web, the web spider sometimes enters the 414:

variety is typically smaller than the Northern Territory variety. The

362:

species have very good defences, starting with especially tough skin.

317:, the abdomen distends when the spider is well fed or producing eggs. 2988:

Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals

2591: 2585: 2413:

does not stalk ants, regarding them as poisonous or very unpleasant.

2360: 2356: 2332: 2328: 2275: 2122: 1969: 1942: 1707: 997: 967: 680: 628: 529: 445: 420: 342: 297: 272: 91: 71: 5248: 4976: 4887: 4811: 4798:, web-invading araneophagic jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)". 4629: 4479: 4155:"Influence of cues from the anterior medial eyes of virtual prey on 5271: 5103:"A survey of nectar feeding by spiders in three different habitats" 5100: 4407: 4378: 3904:"A review of the ethology of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae)" 2469: 2348: 2205:

species usually mate on a web or on a dragline made by the female.

2134: 1845:′ silken safety lines and then looks for its prey. The smell helps 1232: 822: 432: 428: 301: 288: 280: 111: 5233:

HowStuffWorks Videos "Fooled by Nature: Australian Jumping Spider"

4213: 3485: 1919:

species do this at any opportunity. The Queensland orb web spider

2352: 1954: 1271: 841: 636: 305: 5355: 5052:

Maddison, Wayne P.; Melissa R. Bodner; Karen M. Needham (2008).

1957:

spiders, and against flies, but does not stalk beetles or ants.

1915:

is reluctant to jump into the webs of prey spiders, while other

481:

walks and waves more jerkily and about twice as slowly as other

4042:

Wilcox, R. Stimson; Robert R. Jackson; Kristen Gentile (1996).

3954: 3952: 2632: 2628: 2426: 2336: 2279: 2260:

mate with other species, but the females then produce no eggs.

1811: 1688: 1615: 1588: 1561: 1290: 1267: 1255: 855:(in Queensland) captures cursorial spiders in their nests, all 617: 424: 338: 121: 81: 4266:

Jackson, Robert R.; Robert J. Clark; Duane P. Harland (2002).

3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 2635:

while re-cycling their webs. One jumping spider (as of 2010),

516:"Squared-off" cephalothorax and eye pattern of jumping spiders 4321: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4311: 2576: 2466: 2392:

shares its environment with a common prey, the very abundant

2324: 2320: 2292: 2126: 1801: 987: 632: 559: 5018: 4630:

Jackson, Robert R.; Fiona R. Cross; Chris M. Carter (2006).

3861: 3859: 1496:

do not build large webs for catching prey ("capture webs").

828:

When using its own web to catch other species of salticids,

624:

often cannot identify because of the other predator's size.

381:

from Queensland do not kill and eat the losing female. If a

4484: 4379:

Nelson, Ximena J.; Robert R. Jackson; Godfrey Sune (2005).

4148: 4146: 4111:"Jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) that feed on nectar" 3929: 3607:) during movement toward prey and other sighted objectives" 2422: 2418: 2078:

is not a prolific hunter of web spiders or insects, but it

1865:

betrays itself by turning and looking for the disturbance.

1751:′s range recognises the predator and defends itself, while 1739:

males as part of their courtship, and this deception lures

613: 609: 5243:

Salticidae: Diagnostic Drawings Library - Portia fimbriata

5045: 4787: 4710: 4385:-specific prey-capture behavior by the small juveniles of 4308: 3811: 3809: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2859: 2286:

become mature at instar 7, 8 or 9. In an experiment using

1703:

also use to distinguish salticids from all other spiders.

859:

species steal eggs from empty nests of cursorial spiders.

729:

walks slowly close enough to bite it. Such tactics enable

520:

Although other spiders can also jump, salticids including

4934: 4874:, an araneophagic jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae)". 4623: 4572: 3856: 3823:. In Bekoff, M.; Allen, C. & Burghardt, G.M. (eds.). 3563: 3561: 3559: 3367: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 2855: 2564: 2149:

showed the same patterns of responses between the sexes.

1797: 915:

is killed in 1.7% and injured but not killed in 5.3%. In

525: 4928: 4663: 4490: 4443: 4325: 4152: 4143: 4035: 3958: 3901: 3872:

The Evolution of Mating Systems in Insects and Arachnids

3486:

Hoefler, Chad D.; Andy Chen; Elizabeth M. Jakob (2006).

3479: 3429: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3053: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2807:

Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology

2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 1723:

adopting specific tactics. Unlike most jumping spiders,

825:

these corpses if the corpses are not obviously decayed.

4793: 4372: 4214:

Li, Daiqin; Robert R. Jackson; Alberto Barrion (1997).

3865: 3806: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3435: 3225: 3030: 2894: 2770: 2267:

on it, and then cover the eggs. In Northern Territory,

765:

entering the web – a reaction Wilcox and Jackson call "

3895: 3644: 3642: 3556: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 652: 5184: 5024: 4900: 4894: 4437: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4255: 3815: 3734: 3252: 3228:"Cognitive Abilities of Araneophagic Jumping Spiders" 3208: 3139: 2832: 2713: 1923:

shakes its web violently to shake off intruders, and

1254:

A test in 2001 showed that four jumping species take

901:

is killed or injured while pursuing prey up to twice

5193:"General-purpose and special-purpose visual systems" 5190: 4102: 3698:"The distances at which a primitive jumping spider, 3680: 1220:

s from Queensland, Northern Territory and Sri Lanka.

1210:

either approaches the prey or shakes the prey's web.

4869: 3639: 3164: 2776: 2545:, as matings between the two groups are infertile. 1005:Regional differences in hunting tactics of females 4537: 4252: 3436:Jarman, Elizabeth A.R.; Robert R. Jackson (1986). 2304:species spin a similar temporary web for resting. 946: 5135: 5094: 4863: 4818: 4716: 3761: 3695: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2402:salticids and non-salticid web-building spiders. 1640:When hunting most other salticids in Queensland, 1223:The prey used were: unspecified jumping spiders; 5471: 5202:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 167–210. 4209: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4199: 3874:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 340–351. 3096: 3094: 2991:. Westport, CT 06881: Greenwood Press. pp. 2541:are probably a distinct species from Sri Lankan 2193:from Queensland do not kill and eat the losers. 2032: 1849:see its prey more quickly, possibly by lowering 401: 4935:Logunov, Dmitry V.; Galina N. Azarkina (2007). 4636:International Journal of Comparative Psychology 3368:Jackson, Robert R.; Susan E. A. Hallas (1986). 4999: 3959:Jackson, Robert R.; Susan E.A. Hallas (1986). 3226:Wilcox, R. Stimson; Robert R. Jackson (1998). 2962: 2911: 1830:to identify these females as jumping spiders. 1524:Differences in females' pursuit times between 866:is unusually powerful against spiders. When a 579:have vision about as acute as the best of the 5008:Acta Societatis Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae 4491:Harland, Duane P.; Robert R. Jackson (2001). 4326:Harland, Duane P.; Robert R. Jackson (2001). 4196: 4153:Harland, Duane P.; Robert R. Jackson (2002). 3902:Richman, David B.; Robert R. Jackson (1992). 3866:Jackson, Robert R.; Simon D. Pollard (1997). 3165:Harland, D.P.; R.R. Jackson (November 2000). 3091: 3054:Harland, Duane P.; Robert R. Jackson (2004). 2181:females are usually long and violent, and in 2097: 1293:. When not using its own web, the Queensland 5198:. In Eric Warrant; Dan-Eric Nilsson (eds.). 5028:Riceland spiders of South and Southeast Asia 4855:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3870:. In Jae C. Choe; Bernard J. Crespi (eds.). 3798:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3131:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 1735:females by mimicking the vibrations made by 1657:as a predator, or even as an animal at all. 608:vulnerable to much larger predators such as 324:are versatile and adaptable. All members of 5191:Land, Michael F.; Dan-Eric Nilsson (2006). 3911:Bulletin of the British Arachnology Society 3594: 3068:Complex worlds from simpler nervous systems 2627:Several species of cursorial spiders drink 1968:in Queensland readily invades the nests of 5005: 4901:Žabka, Marek M.; Wolfgang Nentwig (2000). 4775:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology 4756: 2914:"Six newly recorded spiders of the genera 2860:Harland, D.P. & Jackson, R.R. (2000). 2465:group, in which males' palps have a fixed 2453:as of May 2016. Wanless divided the genus 2398:, and with large populations of other non- 2152:When meeting another of the same species, 1992:The spiders were divided into those that: 1873:and waves its palps. It appears that only 870:stabs a small to medium spider (up to the 772:If a large insect is struggling in a web, 365:When meeting another of the same species, 37: 5159: 4969: 4647: 4243: 4062: 3585: 3405: 2953: 2676: 2513:in 1859. The species has also been named 2201:may cohabit in the female's capture web. 1877:s from Queensland behaves this way while 882:slowly approaches the prey and takes it. 427:, both sexes have a generally dark brown 287:("fangs"), a brown underside, dark brown 3370:"Comparative biology of jumping spiders 2732: 2101: 2079: 2051: 1885:from Queensland reacts this way only to 1777: 1743:females out of their nests. In tests, a 1302:Differences in females' tactics between 1277: 689: 511: 4452:sp., jumping spiders from Queensland". 3656:Spiders – webs, behavior, and evolution 3648: 3567: 2793: 2065: 1881:species from other areas did not, that 1771:′s range. This may be an example of an 1669:outside Queensland, and the Queensland 1274:and minerals normally found in nectar. 528:'s and 10 times more acute than a 5472: 5025:Barrion, A.T.; J.A. Litsinger (1995). 4831:(7 ed.). Brooks / Cole. pp. 3774:(7 ed.). Brooks / Cole. pp. 3107:(7 ed.). Brooks / Cole. pp. 2140:A laboratory test showed how males of 1759:′s range seldom recognise the threat. 1471:from Northern Territory and Sri Lanka. 647: 5253: 5252: 3816:Wilcox, S. & Jackson, R. (2002). 2973: 2091: 2082:catches those it pursues. Like other 2055: 1841:often first notices chemical cues on 1796:does not stalk at all species of the 970:. The table also includes females of 733:species to take web spiders, such as 456:When not hunting for prey or a mate, 5490:Taxa named by Carl Ludwig Doleschall 4032::10.1111/j.1469-7998.1993.tb02641.x. 3600: 3488:"The Potential of a Jumping Spider, 2583:′s closest relatives are the genera 1893:perceives no chemical warnings that 798:pursues and catches the web spider. 504:in Queensland rarely runs or leaps. 4763:Jackson, Andrea. Phil Myers (ed.). 4762: 4454:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 4389:, a mosquito-eating jumping spider" 4163:The Journal of Experimental Biology 3175:The Journal of Experimental Biology 2912:Chang, Yung-Hau; I-Min Tso (2004). 13: 4717:Clark, R.J.; R.R. Jackson (1995). 3755:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb00998.x 3696:Jackson, R.R.; A.D. Blest (1982). 3601:Hill, David Edwin (October 2010). 2447:is one of 17 species in the genus 1941:uses non-cryptic stalking against 1216:"(Q)", "(NT)" and "(SL)" identify 14: 5511: 5226: 4159:, an araneophagic jumping spider" 3064:of an Aranephagic Jumping Spider" 2733:Robinson, Martyn (January 2010). 5457:urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:035712 4731:Ethology Ecology & Evolution 2796:"A revision of the spider genus 2567:of organisms to reconstruct the 2563:, a technique that compares the 2319:is found in the rain forests of 2220:When hunting, mature females of 1900:When stalking any non-salticid, 1853:in the visual system. Sometimes 58: 4014: 3709:Journal of Experimental Biology 3702:, makes visual discriminations" 3066:. In Frederick R. Prete (ed.). 2189:species, victorious females of 2125:on to it. He then takes up the 1789:(not the species in Queensland) 1385:Preying on cursorial salticids 1344:Abundance of local web spiders 809:(in Queensland) and some other 631:, have sensors, often modified 575:can. However, the main eyes of 4232:New Zealand Journal of Zoology 3993:10.1080/03014223.1986.10422979 3981:New Zealand Journal of Zoology 3574:New Zealand Journal of Zoology 3458:10.1080/03014223.1986.10422980 3446:New Zealand Journal of Zoology 3407:10.1080/03014223.1986.10422978 3394:New Zealand Journal of Zoology 2661: 2651: 2623: 2612: 2432:It is often difficult to find 1447:Courtship uses more vibrations 1440:Courtship uses less vibrations 1404:Pursuing and catching insects 1367:Less likely to vibrate the web 1360:More likely to vibrate the web 874:′s weight), including another 406:Females of the jumping spider 1: 4987:. Natural History Museum Bern 4743:10.1080/08927014.1995.9522970 4245:10.1080/03014223.1997.9518129 3827:. MIT Press. pp. 27–34. 3659:. Stanford University Press. 3653:. In William A. Shear (ed.). 3587:10.1080/03014223.1977.9517936 2701:. Natural History Museum Bern 2670: 2058:, like some other species of 2033:Tactics in Northern Territory 1374:Abundance of local salticids 801:The webs of spiders on which 653:Hunting tactics of the genus 402:Body structure and appearance 3568:Forster, Lyndsay M. (1977). 3070:. MIT Press. pp. 5–40. 2505:was originally described by 1763:finds it easier to catch a 1180:Efficiency in capturing prey 1131:Efficiency in capturing prey 1080:Efficiency in capturing prey 845:to the tough papery ones of 7: 4950:(2): 97–114. Archived from 4876:Canadian Journal of Zoology 4800:Canadian Journal of Zoology 4649:10.46867/IJCP.2006.19.03.06 3818:"Jumping Spider Tricksters" 3649:Jackson, Robert R. (1986). 2439: 2395:Jacksonoides queenslandicus 2037:In the Northern Territory, 1679:, in the local rainforest. 1676:Jacksonoides queenslandicus 1499:A test in 1997 showed that 786:or any regional variant of 718:do not build capture webs. 451: 10: 5516: 4396:The Journal of Arachnology 4287:10.1163/156853902320262808 3511:10.1603/0022-0493-99.2.432 2375:. Queensland specimens of 2311: 2098:Reproduction and lifecycle 1397:No use of cryptic stalking 18: 5485:Spiders described in 1859 5261: 5161:10.1016/j.cub.2009.08.049 5073:10.11646/zootaxa.1893.1.3 4688:10.1163/15685390152822184 4593:10.1007/s10071-002-0144-9 4516:10.1017/s0952836901001534 4351:10.1017/s0952836901001534 4130:10.1017/s095283690100108x 2875:: 231–240. Archived from 2555:, which is thought to be 1611: 1584: 1557: 1455: 1415:Slow, mechanical walking 1202: 1153: 1102: 1053: 507: 206: 199: 180: 173: 55:Scientific classification 53: 45: 36: 29: 4493:"Prey classification by 4328:"Prey classification by 3492:, as a Biocontrol Agent" 3234:; Alan C. Kamil (eds.). 3022:: CS1 maint: location ( 2604: 1451:and often eats the male 1449:Female twists and lunges 308:. In all species of the 5110:Bulletin of Insectology 4558:10.1163/156853900502736 4175:10.1242/jeb.205.13.1861 3232:Irene Maxine Pepperberg 3230:. In Russell P. Balda; 3187:10.1242/jeb.203.22.3485 2794:Wanless, F. R. (1978). 2525:(Doleschall, 1859) and 2417:is also preyed upon by 2129:into reservoirs in the 2086:species, the Sri Lanka 2052:performance table above 1755:specimens from outside 1528:(Queensland) and other 1444:lunge and eat the male 1442:Female seldom twists to 1355:Preying on web spiders 1306:(Queensland) and other 1231:web-based spiders; and 1157:Tendency to pursue prey 1108:Tendency to pursue prey 1057:Tendency to pursue prey 333:. Those in Australia's 320:The hunting tactics of 259:, sometimes called the 4073:10.1006/anbe.1996.0031 2800:(Araneae: Salticidae)" 2507:Carl Ludwig Doleschall 2110: 1814:-mimicking salticids. 1790: 1773:evolutionary arms race 1426:When mildly disturbed 739:from 10% to 200% of a 699: 517: 261:fringed jumping spider 4910:Ekológia (Bratislava) 4216:"Prey preferences of 3721:10.1242/jeb.97.1.441a 2976:"The Quest for Food: 2527:Boethoportia ocellata 2252:In laboratory tests, 2105: 1804:jumping spider genus 1781: 1693:Mantisatta longicauda 1456:Notes on this table: 1390:Uses cryptic stalking 1278:Tactics in Queensland 1203:Notes on this table: 890:′s weight), and then 693: 660:Members of the genus 558:, which includes the 515: 271:Salticidae) found in 242:Boethoportia ocellata 229:(Doleschall, 1859) 221:(Doleschall, 1859) 19:Further information: 5495:Spiders of Australia 5239:catches a web spider 4985:World Spider Catalog 4828:Invertebrate Zoology 4773:Animal Diversity Web 4525:on 27 September 2011 4360:on 27 September 2011 4296:on 27 September 2011 3771:Invertebrate Zoology 3104:Invertebrate Zoology 2974:Piper, Ross (2007). 2771:Invertebrate Rearing 2746:Invertebrate Rearing 2699:World Spider Catalog 2641:, is almost totally 2551:is in the subfamily 2521:(Doleschall, 1859), 2517:(Doleschall, 1859), 2213:species, females of 2066:Tactics in Sri Lanka 1369:More likely to leap 1362:Less likely to leap 627:Spiders, like other 394:species, females of 5245:by Jerzy Proszynski 5200:Invertebrate vision 4916:(suppl. 3): 293–306 2955:10.2476/asjaa.53.27 2813:(3). Archived from 2575:is a member of the 2561:Molecular phylogeny 2092:3 to 5 minutes 2056:3 to 5 minutes 1996:Jump and then swim 1687:and the elongated, 1533: 1478:species, including 1467:species, including 1429:Adopts cryptic pose 1311: 1006: 947:Hunting tactics of 905:′s size. In tests, 648:Hunting and feeding 492:If disturbed, most 485:species, including 213:Doleschall, 1859 210:Salticus fimbriatus 4944:Arthropoda Selecta 4504:Journal of Zoology 4466:10.1007/BF00171580 4387:Evarcha culicivora 4339:Journal of Zoology 4118:Journal of Zoology 4022:Journal of Zoology 3743:Journal of Zoology 3238:. Academic Press. 2942:Acta Arachnologica 2529:(Hogg, 1915), and 2511:Salticus fimbriata 2365:Northern Territory 2256:species including 2111: 1869:then turns toward 1833:When encountering 1791: 1523: 1301: 1004: 964:Northern Territory 736:Holocnemus pluchei 700: 644:the same species. 518: 335:Northern Territory 300:have orange-brown 5467: 5466: 5429:Open Tree of Life 5255:Taxon identifiers 5209:978-0-521-83088-1 5154:(19): R892–R893. 5038:978-0-85198-967-9 4957:on 24 August 2011 4882:(10): 1652–1658. 4842:978-0-03-025982-1 4682:(10): 1215–1234. 4552:(12): 1601–1612. 4425:on 16 August 2011 4169:(13): 1861–1868. 3881:978-0-521-58976-5 3834:978-0-262-52322-6 3785:978-0-03-025982-1 3666:978-0-8047-1203-3 3245:978-0-12-077030-4 3181:(22): 3485–3494. 3118:978-0-03-025982-1 3077:978-0-262-66174-4 3060:Perceptions: The 3002:978-0-313-33922-6 2820:on 12 August 2011 2695:Doleschall, 1859" 2638:Bagheera kiplingi 2571:, indicates that 2161:is influenced by 2080:quite efficiently 1929:Zosis genicularis 1891:J. queenslandicus 1887:J. queenslandicus 1871:J. queenslandicus 1863:J. queenslandicus 1859:J. queenslandicus 1843:J. queenslandicus 1835:J. queenslandicus 1638: 1637: 1488: 1487: 1432:Makes wild leaps 1241: 1240: 438:P. fimbriata 252: 251: 246: 238: 230: 222: 214: 166:P. fimbriata 16:Species of spider 5507: 5460: 5459: 5447: 5446: 5437: 5436: 5424: 5423: 5411: 5410: 5398: 5397: 5385: 5384: 5372: 5371: 5359: 5358: 5346: 5345: 5333: 5332: 5323: 5322: 5320:Portia_fimbriata 5310: 5309: 5307:Portia_fimbriata 5297: 5296: 5295: 5293:Portia fimbriata 5282: 5281: 5280: 5263:Portia fimbriata 5250: 5249: 5237:Portia fimbriata 5221: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5197: 5188: 5182: 5181: 5163: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5107: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5058: 5049: 5043: 5042: 5022: 5016: 5015: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4973: 4967: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4956: 4941: 4932: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4907: 4898: 4892: 4891: 4872:Portia fimbriata 4867: 4861: 4860: 4854: 4846: 4822: 4816: 4815: 4806:(7): 1415–1420. 4791: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4767:Portia fimbriata 4760: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4672:Portia fimbriata 4667: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4651: 4627: 4621: 4620: 4581:Animal Cognition 4576: 4570: 4569: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4524: 4518:. Archived from 4501: 4495:Portia fimbriata 4488: 4482: 4477: 4446:Portia fimbriata 4441: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4424: 4418:. Archived from 4393: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4359: 4353:. Archived from 4336: 4330:Portia fimbriata 4323: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4295: 4289:. Archived from 4272: 4263: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4211: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4157:Portia fimbriata 4150: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4115: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4066: 4051:Animal Behaviour 4048: 4039: 4033: 4018: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4007: 3956: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3908: 3899: 3893: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3863: 3854: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3843: 3837:. Archived from 3822: 3813: 3804: 3803: 3797: 3789: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3738: 3732: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3706: 3700:Portia fimbriata 3693: 3678: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3646: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3611: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3565: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3543: 3537:. Archived from 3499:J. Econ. Entomol 3496: 3490:Phidippus clarus 3483: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3438:"The biology of 3433: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3409: 3365: 3250: 3249: 3223: 3206: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3169:Portia fimbriata 3162: 3137: 3136: 3130: 3122: 3098: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3051: 3028: 3027: 3021: 3013: 3011: 3009: 2984: 2971: 2960: 2959: 2957: 2909: 2892: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2881: 2866: 2857: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2819: 2804: 2791: 2774: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2743: 2737:Portia fimbriata 2730: 2711: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2693:Portia fimbriata 2687: 2664: 2654: 2626: 2615: 2531:Portia fimbriata 2523:Linus fimbriatus 2519:Sinis fimbriatus 2515:Attus fimbriatus 2282:". Specimens of 2237:of one of these 1534: 1522: 1421:Less pronounced 1312: 1300: 1283:Portia fimbriata 1007: 1003: 1000:for comparison. 813:species such as 794:′s web, and the 586:Mogrus neglectus 583:: the salticine 522:Portia fimbriata 489:in other areas. 408:Portia fimbriata 283:, reddish brown 256:Portia fimbriata 244: 236: 228: 226:Linus fimbriatus 220: 218:Sinis fimbriatus 212: 186: 184:Portia fimbriata 63: 62: 41: 31:Portia fimbriata 27: 26: 5515: 5514: 5510: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5505: 5504: 5500:Spiders of Asia 5470: 5469: 5468: 5463: 5455: 5450: 5442: 5440: 5432: 5427: 5419: 5414: 5406: 5401: 5393: 5388: 5380: 5375: 5367: 5362: 5354: 5349: 5341: 5336: 5328: 5326: 5318: 5313: 5305: 5300: 5291: 5290: 5285: 5276: 5275: 5270: 5257: 5229: 5224: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5195: 5189: 5185: 5148:Current Biology 5140: 5136: 5126: 5124: 5105: 5099: 5095: 5085: 5083: 5056: 5050: 5046: 5039: 5023: 5019: 5004: 5000: 4990: 4988: 4975: 4974: 4970: 4960: 4958: 4954: 4939: 4933: 4929: 4919: 4917: 4905: 4899: 4895: 4888:10.1139/z97-792 4868: 4864: 4848: 4847: 4843: 4823: 4819: 4812:10.1139/z93-195 4792: 4788: 4778: 4776: 4761: 4757: 4747: 4745: 4715: 4711: 4668: 4664: 4654: 4652: 4628: 4624: 4577: 4573: 4542: 4538: 4528: 4526: 4522: 4499: 4489: 4485: 4442: 4438: 4428: 4426: 4422: 4391: 4377: 4373: 4363: 4361: 4357: 4334: 4324: 4309: 4299: 4297: 4293: 4270: 4264: 4253: 4212: 4197: 4187: 4185: 4151: 4144: 4134: 4132: 4113: 4107: 4103: 4093: 4091: 4064:10.1.1.583.2268 4046: 4040: 4036: 4019: 4015: 4005: 4003: 3957: 3930: 3920: 3918: 3906: 3900: 3896: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3864: 3857: 3847: 3845: 3841: 3835: 3820: 3814: 3807: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3766: 3762: 3739: 3735: 3725: 3723: 3704: 3694: 3681: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3647: 3640: 3630: 3628: 3609: 3599: 3595: 3566: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3544:on 14 June 2010 3541: 3494: 3484: 3480: 3470: 3468: 3434: 3430: 3420: 3418: 3372:Portia africana 3366: 3253: 3246: 3224: 3209: 3199: 3197: 3167:"Cues by which 3163: 3140: 3124: 3123: 3119: 3099: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3052: 3031: 3015: 3014: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2982: 2972: 2963: 2910: 2895: 2885: 2883: 2879: 2864: 2858: 2833: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2802: 2792: 2777: 2762: 2760: 2741: 2731: 2714: 2704: 2702: 2691:"Taxon details 2689: 2688: 2677: 2673: 2607: 2480:group includes 2442: 2345:Solomon Islands 2314: 2100: 2094:for a pursuit. 2090:typically take 2068: 2035: 2018: 1911:In Queensland, 1515:Musca domestica 1489: 1450: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1410:More efficient 1398: 1396: 1392:Usually swoops 1391: 1389: 1368: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1280: 1242: 1104: 1033: 1026: 1019: 952: 897:Occasionally a 756:and some other 672:trial and error 658: 650: 581:jumping spiders 534:Jumping spiders 510: 454: 404: 237:Pocock, 1899 195: 188: 182: 169: 57: 23: 21:Portia (spider) 17: 12: 11: 5: 5513: 5503: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5461: 5448: 5438: 5425: 5412: 5399: 5386: 5373: 5360: 5347: 5334: 5324: 5311: 5298: 5283: 5267: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5247: 5246: 5240: 5228: 5227:External links 5225: 5223: 5222: 5208: 5183: 5134: 5116:(2): 203–208. 5093: 5044: 5037: 5017: 4998: 4968: 4927: 4893: 4862: 4841: 4817: 4786: 4769:: Information" 4755: 4721:Portia labiata 4709: 4662: 4642:(3): 282–296. 4622: 4587:(3): 147–157. 4571: 4536: 4510:(4): 445–460. 4483: 4460:(2): 111–119. 4436: 4408:10.1636/05-3.1 4402:(2): 541–548. 4371: 4345:(4): 445–460. 4307: 4281:(6): 749–775. 4251: 4238:(4): 333–349. 4218:Portia labiata 4195: 4142: 4101: 4057:(2): 313–326. 4034: 4028:(2): 347–352. 4013: 3987:(4): 491–520. 3971:Cyrba algerina 3963:Brettus adonis 3928: 3894: 3880: 3855: 3833: 3805: 3784: 3760: 3749:(3): 357–364. 3733: 3715:(1): 441–445. 3679: 3665: 3638: 3593: 3555: 3505:(2): 432–436. 3478: 3452:(4): 521–540. 3440:Taieria erebus 3428: 3400:(4): 423–489. 3251: 3244: 3207: 3138: 3117: 3090: 3076: 3029: 3001: 2961: 2893: 2831: 2775: 2712: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2668: 2667: 2657: 2647: 2619: 2606: 2603: 2459:species groups 2441: 2438: 2313: 2310: 2099: 2096: 2067: 2064: 2034: 2031: 2017: 2016: 2015: 2014: 2013:Penalised only 2011: 2005: 2004: 2003: 2002:Penalised only 2000: 1990: 1701:arachnologists 1636: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1613: 1609: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1598: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1586: 1582: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1559: 1555: 1554: 1547: 1541: 1538: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1472: 1453: 1452: 1445: 1438: 1434: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1423: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1412: 1411: 1408: 1407:Less efficient 1405: 1401: 1400: 1395:Less efficient 1393: 1388:More efficient 1386: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1370: 1365:Less efficient 1363: 1358:More efficient 1356: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1322: 1316: 1299: 1279: 1276: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1236: 1221: 1214: 1211: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1177: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1128: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1077: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1051: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1028: 1021: 1014: 1011: 1002: 951: 945: 908:Portia labiata 657: 651: 649: 646: 552:jumping spider 550:Generally the 509: 506: 453: 450: 403: 400: 304:and yellowish 277:Southeast Asia 265:jumping spider 250: 249: 248: 247: 239: 234:Linus alticeps 231: 223: 215: 204: 203: 197: 196: 189: 178: 177: 171: 170: 163: 161: 157: 156: 149: 145: 144: 139: 135: 134: 129: 125: 124: 119: 115: 114: 109: 105: 104: 99: 95: 94: 89: 85: 84: 79: 75: 74: 69: 65: 64: 51: 50: 43: 42: 34: 33: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5512: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5458: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5439: 5435: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5325: 5321: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5299: 5294: 5288: 5284: 5279: 5273: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5251: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5211: 5205: 5201: 5194: 5187: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5138: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5104: 5097: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5055: 5048: 5040: 5034: 5030: 5029: 5021: 5013: 5009: 5002: 4986: 4982: 4981:Karsch, 1878" 4980: 4972: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4938: 4931: 4915: 4911: 4904: 4897: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4866: 4858: 4852: 4844: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4829: 4821: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4790: 4774: 4770: 4768: 4759: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4713: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4666: 4650: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4626: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4575: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4540: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4498: 4496: 4487: 4481: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4440: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4375: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4333: 4331: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4269: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4246: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4158: 4149: 4147: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4112: 4105: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4045: 4038: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4017: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3916: 3912: 3905: 3898: 3883: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3862: 3860: 3844:on 2011-07-21 3840: 3836: 3830: 3826: 3819: 3812: 3810: 3801: 3795: 3787: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3772: 3764: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3737: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3703: 3701: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3668: 3662: 3658: 3657: 3652: 3645: 3643: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3608: 3606: 3597: 3588: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3493: 3491: 3482: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3441: 3432: 3417: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3247: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3170: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3134: 3128: 3120: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3105: 3097: 3095: 3079: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3063: 3059: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3025: 3019: 3004: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2989: 2981: 2979: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2956: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2937: 2936:Dolichognatha 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2882:on 2006-09-28 2878: 2874: 2870: 2863: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2801: 2799: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2772: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2740: 2738: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2700: 2696: 2694: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2675: 2666: 2663: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2639: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2609: 2608: 2602: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2593: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2451: 2446: 2437: 2435: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2405:Ants prey on 2403: 2401: 2397: 2396: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2171: 2169: 2164: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2109: 2104: 2095: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2063: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2012: 2010:Rewarded only 2009: 2008: 2006: 2001: 1999:Rewarded only 1998: 1997: 1995: 1994: 1993: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1960:Unlike other 1958: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1909: 1907: 1903: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1788: 1786: 1780: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1643: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1610: 1607:0 to 465 min 1606: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1521: 1519: 1517: 1516: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1446: 1439: 1437:While mating 1436: 1435: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1402: 1399:Never swoops 1394: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1364: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1338: 1335: 1333:Light levels 1332: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1205: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1101: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1025: 1022: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1001: 999: 995: 994: 989: 986:elsewhere in 985: 984: 979: 978:Lake Victoria 975: 974: 969: 965: 961: 957: 950: 944: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 909: 904: 900: 895: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 862:The venom of 860: 858: 854: 851:. While only 850: 849: 844: 843: 838: 833: 831: 826: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 799: 797: 793: 789: 785: 784: 779: 775: 770: 768: 764: 759: 755: 751: 746: 743:′s size, and 742: 738: 737: 732: 728: 724: 719: 717: 713: 709: 705: 697: 692: 688: 686: 682: 678: 673: 669: 665: 664: 656: 645: 642: 638: 634: 630: 625: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 598: 596: 592: 588: 587: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 565: 561: 557: 553: 548: 545: 540: 535: 531: 527: 523: 514: 505: 503: 499: 495: 490: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 467: 463: 459: 449: 447: 443: 439: 434: 430: 426: 422: 417: 416:cephalothorax 413: 409: 399: 397: 393: 389: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 363: 361: 357: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 327: 323: 318: 316: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 257: 245:Hogg, 1915 243: 240: 235: 232: 227: 224: 219: 216: 211: 208: 207: 205: 202: 198: 193: 187: 185: 179: 176: 175:Binomial name 172: 168: 167: 162: 159: 158: 155: 154: 150: 147: 146: 143: 140: 137: 136: 133: 132:Araneomorphae 130: 127: 126: 123: 120: 117: 116: 113: 110: 107: 106: 103: 100: 97: 96: 93: 90: 87: 86: 83: 80: 77: 76: 73: 70: 67: 66: 61: 56: 52: 49: 44: 40: 35: 32: 28: 25: 22: 5262: 5236: 5213:. Retrieved 5199: 5186: 5151: 5147: 5137: 5125:. Retrieved 5113: 5109: 5096: 5084:. Retrieved 5064: 5060: 5047: 5027: 5020: 5011: 5007: 5001: 4989:. Retrieved 4984: 4978: 4971: 4959:. Retrieved 4952:the original 4947: 4943: 4930: 4918:. Retrieved 4913: 4909: 4896: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4865: 4827: 4820: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4789: 4777:. Retrieved 4772: 4766: 4758: 4746:. Retrieved 4734: 4730: 4725:P. fimbriata 4724: 4720: 4712: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4665: 4653:. Retrieved 4639: 4635: 4625: 4584: 4580: 4574: 4549: 4545: 4539: 4527:. Retrieved 4520:the original 4507: 4503: 4494: 4486: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4439: 4427:. Retrieved 4420:the original 4399: 4395: 4386: 4382: 4374: 4362:. Retrieved 4355:the original 4342: 4338: 4329: 4298:. Retrieved 4291:the original 4278: 4274: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4186:. Retrieved 4166: 4162: 4156: 4133:. Retrieved 4121: 4117: 4104: 4092:. Retrieved 4054: 4050: 4037: 4025: 4021: 4016: 4004:. Retrieved 3984: 3980: 3974: 3970: 3967:B. cingulata 3966: 3962: 3919:. Retrieved 3914: 3910: 3897: 3885:. Retrieved 3871: 3846:. Retrieved 3839:the original 3824: 3770: 3763: 3746: 3742: 3736: 3724:. Retrieved 3712: 3708: 3699: 3670:. Retrieved 3655: 3629:. Retrieved 3620:(1): 1–103. 3617: 3613: 3604: 3596: 3577: 3573: 3546:. Retrieved 3539:the original 3502: 3498: 3489: 3481: 3469:. Retrieved 3449: 3445: 3439: 3431: 3419:. Retrieved 3397: 3393: 3387: 3383: 3380:P. fimbriata 3379: 3375: 3371: 3235: 3198:. Retrieved 3178: 3174: 3168: 3103: 3081:. Retrieved 3067: 3061: 3057: 3006:. Retrieved 2987: 2977: 2948:(1): 27–33. 2945: 2941: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2884:. Retrieved 2877:the original 2872: 2868: 2822:. Retrieved 2815:the original 2810: 2806: 2797: 2761:. Retrieved 2749: 2745: 2736: 2703:. Retrieved 2698: 2692: 2662: 2659: 2652: 2649: 2636: 2624: 2621: 2617:30 cm." 2613: 2610: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2580: 2572: 2569:tree of life 2548: 2547: 2543:P. fimbriata 2542: 2539:P. fimbriata 2538: 2535:P. fimbriata 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2503:P. fimbriata 2502: 2501:The species 2500: 2493: 2490:P. fimbriata 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2462: 2454: 2448: 2445:P. fimbriata 2444: 2443: 2434:P. fimbriata 2433: 2431: 2415:P. fimbriata 2414: 2411:P. fimbriata 2410: 2407:P. fimbriata 2406: 2404: 2399: 2393: 2390:P. fimbriata 2389: 2381: 2377:P. fimbriata 2376: 2372: 2317:P. fimbriata 2316: 2315: 2306:P. fimbriata 2305: 2301: 2296: 2288:P. fimbriata 2287: 2284:P. fimbriata 2283: 2273: 2269:P. fimbriata 2268: 2264:P. fimbriata 2263: 2262: 2258:P. fimbriata 2257: 2253: 2251: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2222:P. fimbriata 2221: 2219: 2215:P. fimbriata 2214: 2210: 2207:P. fimbriata 2206: 2202: 2199:P. fimbriata 2198: 2195: 2191:P. fimbriata 2190: 2186: 2183:P. fimbriata 2182: 2178: 2175:P. fimbriata 2174: 2172: 2167: 2159:P. fimbriata 2158: 2154:P. fimbriata 2153: 2151: 2146: 2142:P. fimbriata 2141: 2139: 2131:palpal bulbs 2118: 2112: 2108:P. fimbriata 2107: 2088:P. fimbriata 2087: 2083: 2076:P. fimbriata 2075: 2071: 2069: 2059: 2047: 2044:P. fimbriata 2043: 2039:P. fimbriata 2038: 2036: 2026:P. fimbriata 2025: 2022:P. fimbriata 2021: 2019: 1991: 1986:P. fimbriata 1985: 1982:P. fimbriata 1981: 1978:P. fimbriata 1977: 1974:P. fimbriata 1973: 1966:P. fimbriata 1965: 1961: 1959: 1939:P. fimbriata 1938: 1937: 1933:P. fimbriata 1932: 1928: 1925:P. fimbriata 1924: 1920: 1916: 1913:P. fimbriata 1912: 1910: 1906:P. fimbriata 1905: 1902:P. fimbriata 1901: 1899: 1895:P. fimbriata 1894: 1890: 1886: 1883:P. fimbriata 1882: 1878: 1875:P. fimbriata 1874: 1870: 1867:P. fimbriata 1866: 1862: 1858: 1855:P. fimbriata 1854: 1847:P. fimbriata 1846: 1842: 1839:P. fimbriata 1838: 1834: 1832: 1828:P. fimbriata 1827: 1824:P. fimbriata 1823: 1820:Lyssomaninae 1816:P. fimbriata 1815: 1805: 1794:P. fimbriata 1793: 1792: 1783: 1769:P. fimbriata 1768: 1764: 1761:P. fimbriata 1760: 1757:P. fimbriata 1756: 1752: 1749:P. fimbriata 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1729:P. fimbriata 1728: 1724: 1720: 1717:P. fimbriata 1716: 1713:P. fimbriata 1712: 1706: 1705: 1697:P. fimbriata 1696: 1692: 1684: 1681:P. fimbriata 1680: 1674: 1671:P. fimbriata 1670: 1667:P. fimbriata 1666: 1662: 1659:P. fimbriata 1658: 1655:P. fimbriata 1654: 1651:P. fimbriata 1650: 1647:P. fimbriata 1646: 1642:P. fimbriata 1641: 1639: 1634:0 to 45 min 1604:0 to 583 min 1580:0 to 41 min 1577:1 to 318 min 1550: 1544:P. fimbriata 1543: 1529: 1526:P. fimbriata 1525: 1520: 1513: 1509:P. fimbriata 1508: 1505:P. fimbriata 1504: 1501:P. fimbriata 1500: 1498: 1493: 1490: 1480:P. fimbriata 1479: 1475: 1469:P. fimbriata 1468: 1464: 1461:P. fimbriata 1460: 1459:In a swoop, 1325: 1319:P. fimbriata 1318: 1307: 1304:P. fimbriata 1303: 1295:P. fimbriata 1294: 1287:P. fimbriata 1286: 1282: 1281: 1260:P. fimbriata 1259: 1253: 1248: 1245:P. fimbriata 1244: 1243: 1218:P. fimbriata 1217: 1207: 1103:Web-building 1047: 1042: 1037: 1031:P. fimbriata 1030: 1024:P. fimbriata 1023: 1017:P. fimbriata 1016: 991: 981: 971: 956:P. fimbriata 955: 953: 949:P. fimbriata 948: 941:P. fimbriata 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 921:P. fimbriata 920: 913:P. schultzi 912: 906: 902: 898: 896: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 861: 856: 853:P. fimbriata 852: 848:Philoponella 846: 840: 836: 834: 830:P. fimbriata 829: 827: 818: 814: 810: 807:P. fimbriata 806: 802: 800: 795: 791: 788:P. fimbriata 787: 781: 777: 773: 771: 766: 762: 757: 754:P. fimbriata 753: 749: 744: 740: 734: 730: 726: 722: 720: 715: 712:P. fimbriata 711: 707: 703: 701: 696:P. fimbriata 695: 684: 676: 667: 661: 659: 654: 640: 639:("skin"). A 626: 621: 605: 601: 599: 595:P. fimbriata 594: 591:P. fimbriata 590: 584: 576: 573:Lyssomaninae 562: 549: 544:P. fimbriata 543: 538: 521: 519: 502:P. fimbriata 501: 497: 493: 491: 487:P. fimbriata 486: 482: 479:P. fimbriata 478: 470: 465: 457: 455: 437: 407: 405: 396:P. fimbriata 395: 391: 388:P. fimbriata 387: 383:P. fimbriata 382: 379:P. fimbriata 378: 374: 371:P. fimbriata 370: 367:P. fimbriata 366: 364: 359: 356:P. fimbriata 355: 347:P. fimbriata 346: 331:P. fimbriata 330: 325: 321: 319: 312: 260: 255: 254: 253: 241: 233: 225: 217: 209: 183: 181: 165: 164: 152: 128:Infraorder: 48:P. fimbriata 47: 30: 24: 5377:iNaturalist 5287:Wikispecies 4226:P. schultzi 4222:P. africana 3388:P. schultzi 3376:P. albimana 2643:herbivorous 2598:Holcolaetis 2553:Spartaeinae 2486:P. africana 2482:P. schultzi 2234:P. schultzi 2226:P. africana 1897:is around. 1889:, and that 1857:cannot see 1807:Myrmarachne 1631:0 to 34 min 1585:Web spider 1418:Exaggerated 1264:amino acids 1048:P. schultzi 1038:P. africana 1013:Performance 983:P. schultzi 973:P. africana 819:P. schultzi 783:P. schultzi 600:However, a 556:Spartaeinae 102:Chelicerata 98:Subphylum: 5480:Salticidae 5474:Categories 5014:(5): 1–60. 4478:- also at 3977:sp. indet" 3917:(2): 33–37 3384:P. labiata 2869:Cimbebasia 2769:Date from 2752:(1): 5–9. 2671:References 2495:P. labiata 2472:; and the 2457:into two 2386:Queensland 2369:Queensland 2351:including 2341:New Guinea 2276:arthropods 2230:P. labiata 2163:pheromones 2147:P. labiata 2123:ejaculates 2007:Swim only 1988:kills it. 1851:thresholds 1785:Lyssomanes 1685:Holoplatys 1512:house fly 1233:houseflies 1225:amaurobiid 1043:P. labiata 993:P. labiata 960:Queensland 917:Queensland 821:sometimes 815:P. labiata 778:P. labiata 698:in its web 629:arthropods 620:, which a 569:Salticinae 554:subfamily 475:Queensland 462:chelicerae 442:New Guinea 412:Queensland 351:Queensland 294:New Guinea 285:chelicerae 192:Doleschall 142:Salticidae 92:Arthropoda 5122:1721-8861 5081:1175-5334 5067:: 49–64. 4851:cite book 4737:: 73–77. 4696:0005-7959 4676:Behaviour 4601:1435-9456 4546:Behaviour 4450:Euryattus 4383:Anopheles 4275:Behaviour 4124:: 25–29. 4081:0003-3472 4059:CiteSeerX 4001:0301-4223 3975:Phaeacius 3794:cite book 3626:1944-8120 3614:Peckhamia 3605:Phidippus 3580:: 51–62. 3535:198126575 3519:0022-0493 3466:0301-4223 3416:0301-4223 3127:cite book 3018:cite book 2924:Eriophora 2824:11 August 2758:2042-633X 2735:"Raising 2592:Phaeacius 2586:Spartaeus 2557:primitive 2470:apophysis 2361:Australia 2359:, and in 2357:Indonesia 2333:Hong Kong 2329:Sri Lanka 2274:Like all 2249:species. 2135:pedipalps 2117:, a male 2115:courtship 1970:cursorial 1964:species, 1951:theridiid 1947:clubionid 1782:A female 1765:Euryattus 1753:Euryattus 1745:Euryattus 1741:Euryattus 1737:Euryattus 1733:Euryattus 1725:Euryattus 1721:Euryattus 1708:Euryattus 1695:. All of 1558:Salticid 1229:theridiid 1054:Salticid 998:Sri Lanka 968:Sri Lanka 681:abseiling 530:dragonfly 446:Indonesia 421:Australia 343:Sri Lanka 302:carapaces 298:Indonesia 273:Australia 160:Species: 112:Arachnida 78:Kingdom: 72:Eukaryota 5395:11029235 5327:BioLib: 5278:Q1308106 5272:Wikidata 5178:27885893 5170:19825348 4617:20471290 4609:12357287 4474:20630531 4416:55244513 4381:"Use of 4183:12077162 4089:53159894 3631:12 April 3548:25 April 3527:16686143 3195:11044386 3083:12 April 3008:31 March 2928:Thanatus 2478:schultzi 2463:schultzi 2440:Taxonomy 2427:mantises 2349:Malaysia 2293:moulting 2106:Male of 1731:catches 1553:species 1532:species 1328:species 1310:species 1272:vitamins 823:scavenge 769:panic". 618:mantises 452:Movement 429:carapace 306:abdomens 281:carapace 201:Synonyms 138:Family: 88:Phylum: 82:Animalia 68:Domain: 5444:2003037 5369:5173485 5356:1213894 5215:21 June 5086:14 June 5061:Zootaxa 4833:521–525 4748:13 June 4704:4535886 4566:4535796 4429:20 June 4135:18 June 4006:1 April 3776:532–537 3471:1 April 3109:571–584 2980:spider" 2920:Larinia 2916:Araneus 2353:Malacca 2312:Ecology 2133:on his 2113:Before 1943:lycosid 1921:Argiope 1787:viridis 1719:s hunt 1612:Insect 1339:Higher 1291:simians 1154:Insect 1105:spider 990:and of 976:around 842:Pholcus 694:Female 637:cuticle 339:insects 263:, is a 194:, 1859) 148:Genus: 122:Araneae 118:Order: 108:Class: 46:Female 5441:uBio: 5421:426831 5408:887480 5382:322490 5330:491034 5206: 5176: 5168: 5127:20 May 5120: 5079: 5035: 4991:13 May 4979:Portia 4977:"Gen. 4961:23 May 4920:25 May 4839: 4796:Portia 4779:13 May 4765:"ADW: 4702: 4694: 4655:8 June 4615: 4607: 4599: 4564: 4529:25 May 4472: 4414: 4364:19 May 4300:17 May 4224:, and 4188:22 May 4181: 4094:23 May 4087: 4079: 4061: 3999: 3973:, and 3921:12 May 3887:6 June 3878: 3848:12 May 3831: 3782: 3726:12 May 3672:22 May 3663: 3624: 3533: 3525: 3517: 3464: 3421:17 May 3414: 3242: 3193: 3115: 3074: 3062:Umwelt 3058:Portia 2999: 2993:98–100 2978:Portia 2932:Portia 2798:Portia 2763:24 May 2756: 2705:13 May 2633:pollen 2629:nectar 2595:, and 2581:Portia 2573:Portia 2549:Portia 2492:, and 2467:tibial 2461:: the 2455:Portia 2450:Portia 2425:, and 2409:while 2400:Portia 2382:Portia 2373:Portia 2343:, the 2337:Taiwan 2302:Portia 2297:Portia 2295:, all 2280:instar 2254:Portia 2247:Portia 2243:Portia 2239:Portia 2232:, and 2211:Portia 2203:Portia 2187:Portia 2179:Portia 2168:Portia 2119:Portia 2084:Portia 2072:Portia 2060:Portia 2048:Portia 1962:Portia 1917:Portia 1879:Portia 1812:beetle 1691:-like 1689:mantis 1665:or by 1663:Portia 1623:3 min 1616:Median 1596:5 min 1593:16 min 1589:Median 1569:3 min 1566:26 min 1562:Median 1551:Portia 1549:Other 1540: 1530:Portia 1494:Portia 1476:Portia 1474:Other 1465:Portia 1380:Lower 1377:Higher 1350:Lower 1347:Higher 1326:Portia 1324:Other 1315: 1308:Portia 1268:lipids 1256:nectar 1249:Portia 1208:Portia 962:, the 937:Portia 933:Portia 929:Portia 925:Portia 903:Portia 899:Portia 892:Portia 888:Portia 884:Portia 880:Portia 876:Portia 872:Portia 868:Portia 864:Portia 857:Portia 837:Portia 811:Portia 803:Portia 796:Portia 792:Portia 774:Portia 767:Portia 763:Portia 758:Portia 750:Portia 745:Portia 741:Portia 731:Portia 727:Portia 723:Portia 716:Portia 708:Portia 704:Portia 685:Portia 677:Portia 668:Portia 663:Portia 655:Portia 641:Portia 622:Portia 606:Portia 602:Portia 577:Portia 564:Portia 539:Portia 508:Senses 498:Portia 494:Portia 483:Portia 471:Portia 466:Portia 458:Portia 425:Taiwan 392:Portia 375:Portia 360:Portia 341:. The 326:Portia 322:Portia 314:Portia 269:family 153:Portia 5434:42352 5390:IRMNG 5343:4M23C 5196:(PDF) 5174:S2CID 5106:(PDF) 5057:(PDF) 4955:(PDF) 4940:(PDF) 4906:(PDF) 4700:JSTOR 4613:S2CID 4562:JSTOR 4523:(PDF) 4500:(PDF) 4480:JSTOR 4470:S2CID 4423:(PDF) 4412:S2CID 4392:(PDF) 4358:(PDF) 4335:(PDF) 4294:(PDF) 4271:(PDF) 4114:(PDF) 4085:S2CID 4047:(PDF) 3907:(PDF) 3842:(PDF) 3821:(PDF) 3705:(PDF) 3610:(PDF) 3542:(PDF) 3531:S2CID 3495:(PDF) 3200:4 May 2983:(PDF) 2886:5 May 2880:(PDF) 2865:(PDF) 2818:(PDF) 2803:(PDF) 2742:(PDF) 2605:Notes 2577:clade 2474:kenti 2423:frogs 2419:birds 2325:Nepal 2321:India 2127:semen 1955:desid 1802:mimic 1747:from 1628:Range 1620:3 min 1601:Range 1574:Range 1336:Lower 988:Kenya 980:, of 633:setae 614:frogs 610:birds 560:genus 433:palps 310:genus 289:palps 5416:NCBI 5403:ITIS 5364:GBIF 5217:2011 5204:ISBN 5166:PMID 5129:2011 5118:ISSN 5088:2011 5077:ISSN 5065:1893 5033:ISBN 4993:2016 4963:2011 4922:2011 4857:link 4837:ISBN 4781:2011 4750:2011 4723:and 4692:ISSN 4657:2011 4605:PMID 4597:ISSN 4531:2011 4448:and 4431:2011 4366:2011 4302:2011 4190:2011 4179:PMID 4137:2011 4096:2011 4077:ISSN 4008:2011 3997:ISSN 3923:2011 3889:2011 3876:ISBN 3850:2011 3829:ISBN 3800:link 3780:ISBN 3728:2011 3674:2011 3661:ISBN 3633:2011 3622:ISSN 3550:2011 3523:PMID 3515:ISSN 3473:2011 3462:ISSN 3423:2011 3412:ISSN 3386:and 3240:ISBN 3202:2011 3191:PMID 3133:link 3113:ISBN 3085:2011 3072:ISBN 3024:link 3010:2011 2997:ISBN 2934:and 2888:2011 2826:2011 2765:2011 2754:ISSN 2707:2016 2367:and 1953:and 1537:Prey 1227:and 1198:69% 1175:52% 1149:72% 1126:84% 1098:36% 1075:58% 1034:(SL) 1027:(NT) 1010:Prey 966:and 835:All 817:and 616:and 532:'s. 423:and 296:and 275:and 5452:WSC 5351:EoL 5338:CoL 5315:AFD 5302:ADW 5156:doi 5069:doi 4884:doi 4808:doi 4739:doi 4684:doi 4680:138 4674:". 4644:doi 4589:doi 4554:doi 4550:137 4512:doi 4508:255 4462:doi 4404:doi 4347:doi 4343:255 4283:doi 4279:139 4240:doi 4171:doi 4167:205 4126:doi 4122:255 4069:doi 4030:doi 4026:229 3989:doi 3751:doi 3747:247 3717:doi 3582:doi 3507:doi 3454:doi 3402:doi 3183:doi 3179:203 2950:doi 2660:d: 2650:c: 2622:b: 2611:a: 2565:DNA 2509:as 2363:'s 2173:In 1798:ant 1546:(Q) 1321:(Q) 1195:71% 1192:67% 1189:78% 1186:83% 1183:41% 1172:35% 1169:48% 1166:43% 1163:30% 1160:27% 1146:79% 1143:65% 1140:83% 1137:81% 1134:92% 1123:83% 1120:74% 1117:64% 1114:94% 1111:91% 1095:40% 1092:29% 1089:45% 1086:10% 1083:93% 1072:63% 1069:77% 1066:94% 1063:50% 1060:87% 1020:(Q) 996:in 571:or 526:cat 349:in 5476:: 5454:: 5431:: 5418:: 5405:: 5392:: 5379:: 5366:: 5353:: 5340:: 5317:: 5304:: 5289:: 5274:: 5235:– 5172:. 5164:. 5152:19 5150:. 5146:. 5114:63 5112:. 5108:. 5075:. 5063:. 5059:. 5010:. 4983:. 4948:16 4946:. 4942:. 4914:19 4912:. 4908:. 4880:75 4878:. 4853:}} 4849:{{ 4835:. 4804:71 4802:. 4771:. 4733:. 4729:. 4698:. 4690:. 4678:. 4640:19 4638:. 4634:. 4611:. 4603:. 4595:. 4583:. 4560:. 4548:. 4506:. 4502:. 4468:. 4458:26 4456:. 4410:. 4400:33 4398:. 4394:. 4341:. 4337:. 4310:^ 4277:. 4273:. 4254:^ 4236:24 4234:. 4230:. 4220:, 4198:^ 4177:. 4165:. 4161:. 4145:^ 4120:. 4116:. 4083:. 4075:. 4067:. 4055:51 4053:. 4049:. 4024:. 3995:. 3985:13 3983:. 3979:. 3969:, 3965:, 3931:^ 3913:. 3909:. 3858:^ 3808:^ 3796:}} 3792:{{ 3778:. 3745:. 3713:97 3711:. 3707:. 3682:^ 3641:^ 3618:83 3616:. 3612:. 3576:. 3572:. 3558:^ 3529:. 3521:. 3513:. 3503:99 3501:. 3497:. 3460:. 3450:13 3448:. 3444:. 3410:. 3398:13 3396:. 3392:. 3382:, 3378:, 3374:, 3254:^ 3210:^ 3189:. 3177:. 3173:. 3141:^ 3129:}} 3125:{{ 3111:. 3093:^ 3032:^ 3020:}} 3016:{{ 2995:. 2985:. 2964:^ 2946:53 2944:. 2940:. 2930:, 2926:, 2922:, 2918:, 2896:^ 2873:16 2871:. 2867:. 2834:^ 2811:34 2809:. 2805:. 2778:^ 2748:. 2744:. 2715:^ 2697:. 2678:^ 2601:. 2589:, 2559:. 2498:. 2488:, 2484:, 2429:. 2421:, 2388:, 2355:, 2347:, 2339:, 2335:, 2331:, 2327:, 2323:, 2228:, 2224:, 2137:. 2062:. 1949:, 1945:, 1837:, 1775:. 1649:, 1518:. 1270:, 1266:, 919:, 780:, 721:A 612:, 477:, 5219:. 5180:. 5158:: 5131:. 5090:. 5071:: 5041:. 5012:5 4995:. 4965:. 4924:. 4890:. 4886:: 4859:) 4845:. 4814:. 4810:: 4783:. 4752:. 4741:: 4735:7 4727:" 4706:. 4686:: 4659:. 4646:: 4619:. 4591:: 4585:5 4568:. 4556:: 4533:. 4514:: 4476:. 4464:: 4433:. 4406:: 4368:. 4349:: 4304:. 4285:: 4248:. 4242:: 4192:. 4173:: 4139:. 4128:: 4098:. 4071:: 4010:. 3991:: 3925:. 3915:9 3891:. 3852:. 3802:) 3788:. 3757:. 3753:: 3730:. 3719:: 3676:. 3635:. 3590:. 3584:: 3578:4 3552:. 3509:: 3475:. 3456:: 3425:. 3404:: 3248:. 3204:. 3185:: 3135:) 3121:. 3087:. 3056:" 3026:) 3012:. 2958:. 2952:: 2890:. 2828:. 2773:. 2767:. 2750:1 2739:" 2709:. 2645:. 1800:- 1235:. 267:( 190:(

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