1787:
128:
178:
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2823:
3848:
146:
3858:
2656:
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37:
1873:. His wife's two sons, Vijayapala and Kumarasinghe, were also married to princesses from Jaffna. After the fall of Jaffna to the Portuguese, Senarat dispatched a 10,000 strong army to Jaffna under the command of Mudaliyar Attapattu. The Portuguese withdrew and the Kandyan army occupied Jaffna. The Portuguese General
1842:, being separated also from the country of Mantota in the jurisdiction of Captain of Mannar by the river Paragali;which (lands) ends in the river of the Cross in the midst of the lands of Vanni and of others which stretch as far as Triquillemele which according to the map appears to be a large tract of country".
1881:
and defeated
Mudaliyar Attapattu's army and seized Jaffna. According to Portuguese and Dutch publications, the last battle for Jaffna was fought between the King of Kandyan kingdom and the Portuguese, and the Europeans seized Jaffna from the Kandyan king. Following Portuguese defeat by the Dutch, the
1604:. By the late 16th century, Portuguese influence strengthened in the courts of the Kandyan and Kotte kingdoms and some of Jaffna's Vannimai chieftaincies were subdued by these kings. The Jaffna kingdom functioned as a logistical base for the
1771:, where he was hanged. Jaffna prisoners were beheaded. The remaining captives were asked to become monks or nuns in the holy orders, and as most obliged, their celibacy avoided the production of further claimants to the Jaffna throne.
3380:
2773:
1699:
and
Senarat (1604â35) during the period 1593â1635 with the intent of securing help from South India to resist the Portuguese. He, however, maintained autonomy of the kingdom without overtly provoking the Portuguese.
3531:
2614:
1561:
in 1619. The subsequent rule by the
Portuguese saw the population convert to Roman Catholicism. The population also decreased due to excessive taxation, as most people fled the core areas of the former kingdom.
254:
1830:
which is said to be name of the lordship which they held before we obtained pocession of them, separated from the proceeding by a salty river and connected only in the extremity or isthamus of
321:
247:
1592:, which was also of interest to the Portuguese. The Jaffna kingdom came to the attention of Portuguese officials in Colombo for multiple reasons, which included their interference in
4118:
3516:
3037:
2599:
240:
2806:
3521:
2604:
3786:
3411:
1934:
1883:
1834:
within which the lands of
Baligamo, Bedamarache and Pachalapali forming that peninsula and outside of it stretch the lands of Vanni. Crosswise, from the side of
1736:. The Portuguese accounts refer to six attempts made by rebels to install a local prince on the Jaffna throne in the years 1620 and 1621. At first, the chief of
314:
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307:
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957:
922:
812:
672:
283:
278:
2784:
4063:
1846:
which indicated the kings of the kingdom just prior to capitulation to the
Portuguese had jurisdiction over an area corresponding to the modern
832:
1059:
3032:
4299:
4258:
4160:
3568:
3563:
2792:
1767:
and his army of 5000 was able to defeat
Cankili. Cankili, along with every surviving member of the royal family, was captured and taken to
1672:
1656:
1596:
missionary activities (which was assumed to be supporting
Portuguese interests), the lucrative markets and strategic benefits of Jaffna's
4177:
4691:
4243:
1917:, the royal repository of all literary output of the kingdom. Due to excessive taxation, population decreased and many people moved to
1368:
1321:
1316:
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1866:
1390:
1620:. Furthermore, it was feared by the Portuguese that (due to its strategic location) the Jaffna kingdom might become a beachhead for
4235:
4037:
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2545:
1442:
522:
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4319:
3042:
3027:
2197:
4624:
4419:
4155:
3938:
1933:. Thus, decline in trade made it difficult to pay for essential imports, and such items ceased to be imported. In the words of
1545:
was installed by the
Portuguese. Although he was nominally a client, he resisted missionary activities and helped the interior
4172:
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1109:
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1472:
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4150:
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1457:
1219:
1925:
further south. External commerce was negatively impacted, though elephants, Jaffna's principal export, were traded for
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1492:
422:
4706:
4665:
4263:
4220:
4088:
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3460:
3221:
3111:
2972:
2816:
2814:
1600:
chieftaincies, and their support of anti-Portuguese factions within the Kotte kingdom, such as the chieftains from
1284:
1159:
942:
370:
4248:
3861:
3733:
3543:
3249:
2878:
1774:
Although the
Portuguese attempted to eliminate the Jaffna royal family through celibacy, a number of families of
1301:
1034:
877:
842:
802:
782:
437:
28:
1874:
1687:
was installed as the monarch. This arrangement gave the
Catholic missionaries freedom of action and monopoly in
1667:. Although the circumstances are unclear, by 1582 the Jaffna king was paying a tribute to the Portuguese of ten
167:
4612:
3171:
3115:
2918:
2883:
2852:
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1385:
1149:
1024:
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3011:
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1616:
in the east, but the Jaffna peninsula proved more convenient as an entry port for military aid arriving from
1395:
1029:
472:
4058:
3745:
3548:
3538:
3234:
3229:
2903:
2621:
2538:
1847:
1811:
1363:
857:
807:
350:
1608:, located in the central highlands without access to any seaports. They gained access to the seaports of
4617:
4410:
4379:
4145:
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3593:
3282:
2740:
2672:
1851:
1487:
1209:
1154:
822:
1818:. But in dealing with the limitations of the kingdom, QueirĂłs, an historian of Portuguese origin, says:
897:
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4195:
4103:
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3933:
3912:
3450:
3318:
3166:
2888:
1898:
capture of Jaffna fort in 1658, there were three rebellions against Portuguese rule. Two were led by
1755:
By June 1619, there were two Portuguese expeditions: a naval expedition that was repulsed led by the
1447:
1405:
1351:
1254:
1064:
872:
767:
657:
492:
457:
417:
1400:
4605:
4564:
4314:
2935:
2351:
Portuguese Encounters with Sri Lanka and the Maldives: Translated Texts from the Age of Discoveries
2324:
2047:
1336:
1306:
1214:
1144:
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3781:
3663:
3588:
2664:
2531:
2077:
1882:
Jaffna Mannar islands and most of Jaffna's Vannimai lands had been reincorporated into the Tamil
1806:, who travelled in Sri Lanka in the 17th century. the kingdom of Jaffnapattinam consisted of the
1741:
1625:
1482:
1358:
1269:
1259:
1234:
1224:
1169:
1134:
1074:
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827:
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517:
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3199:
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1094:
1079:
989:
979:
932:
927:
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757:
737:
702:
632:
507:
375:
1004:
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3996:
3776:
3686:
3652:
3261:
2923:
2873:
2847:
2729:
2107:
1764:
1745:
1558:
1184:
1164:
1084:
1049:
937:
907:
852:
772:
692:
607:
547:
355:
163:
1740:
rose in revolt and offered resistance to the Portuguese, with the help of a large troops of
1410:
232:
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4531:
4289:
4113:
3691:
3292:
3161:
3004:
2857:
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1696:
1415:
1229:
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1139:
917:
837:
732:
577:
2513:
2225:
1179:
712:
8:
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3761:
3433:
3368:
3277:
3239:
3203:
3181:
3130:
2999:
2908:
2553:
1937:, the principal chronicler of Portuguese colonial exploits in Sri Lanka, the people of
1899:
1717:
1713:
1684:
1542:
1311:
1104:
1069:
962:
652:
637:
497:
395:
380:
186:
2205:
1786:
1691:
export to the Portuguese, which the incumbent king, however, resisted. He helped the
4496:
3953:
3903:
3847:
3622:
2701:
2495:
2472:
2449:
2426:
2405:
2382:
2359:
2334:
2300:
2113:
2083:
1926:
1922:
1835:
1827:
1803:
1680:
1571:
1535:
1477:
1420:
1264:
1189:
1119:
752:
742:
707:
502:
462:
331:
133:
1534:, initially confronted the Portuguese in their attempts at converting the locals to
4526:
4506:
4068:
3963:
3943:
3851:
3676:
3438:
3207:
2979:
2753:
2509:
2257:
1938:
1870:
1823:
1807:
1775:
1721:
1712:, an usurper, took control of the throne after killing the regent nominated by the
1639:. These Catholics had been brought from India to Mannar to take over the lucrative
1628:
who resisted contacts with the Portuguese, and even massacred six to seven hundred
1437:
1331:
1274:
1249:
1124:
1114:
1054:
1044:
994:
974:
687:
662:
587:
562:
452:
390:
151:
4546:
4516:
4501:
4016:
3618:
3364:
3356:
3297:
3074:
2984:
2697:
2349:
1985:
1914:
1862:
1749:
1692:
1605:
1546:
1467:
1432:
1326:
1199:
1099:
1039:
902:
727:
717:
592:
527:
477:
62:
299:
4433:
3973:
3553:
3511:
3484:
3375:
3195:
3138:
2626:
2594:
2559:
1918:
1756:
1593:
1514:
1462:
1452:
792:
537:
182:
138:
104:
1341:
4680:
4541:
4511:
3819:
3809:
3506:
1858:
1831:
1815:
1716:. Unable to secure Portuguese acceptance of his kingship, Cankili II through
1664:
1640:
1636:
1581:
1523:
1346:
817:
482:
177:
80:
4384:
4374:
3671:
3598:
3313:
3146:
2994:
2967:
2748:
2677:
1941:
were "reduced to the uttermost misery" during the Portuguese colonial era.
1895:
1621:
1557:
resisted Portuguese overlordship only to find himself ousted and hanged by
3872:
4461:
4447:
4098:
3804:
3602:
3401:
3396:
2989:
2681:
2422:
2355:
1839:
1733:
1617:
1609:
1589:
1550:
4475:
4454:
4108:
3681:
3646:
3418:
2758:
2723:
2576:
1709:
1613:
1554:
667:
172:
93:
1869:; he and his troops were consistently harassing the Portuguese in the
4426:
2828:
2468:
2445:
2330:
1729:
1668:
1632:
1577:
1531:
1527:
1826:
because to it are also added the neighboring lands and those of the
1580:
in 1505; their initial forays were against the southwestern coastal
4440:
4369:
4359:
4349:
4006:
3445:
3406:
3328:
2282:"Sri Lanka: The Untold Story Chapter 27 â Horsewhip Amirthalingham"
1737:
1725:
1688:
1644:
1601:
1597:
1585:
1519:
1732:, hence posing a threat to Portuguese shipping routes through the
16:
Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom in Sri Lanka (1560-1621)
4468:
4364:
3423:
2491:
2401:
2378:
1878:
1629:
4354:
3333:
3323:
3038:
United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad
2655:
1930:
1906:
1854:
and that the Portuguese claimed these based on their conquest.
1822:"This modest kingdom is not confined to the little district of
66:
4339:
2515:
Sri Lankan Tamil Struggle, Chapter 5: Tamils lose sovereignty
1903:
262:
2425:: Dynasty of Jaffna Kingâs Historical Society. p. 122.
1768:
97:
36:
2494:: Womenâs Education & Research Centre. p. 259.
1894:
Over the next forty years, starting from 1619 until the
2333:: Asian Educational Services. pp. V, 80â1, 91â2.
1988:
Portuguese Encounters with Sri Lanka and the Maldives
1781:
3709:
1663:in 1560, failed to subdue the kingdom but captured
3104:
1778:origin claim descent from the royal family today.
1902:, during that period, Portuguese destroyed every
329:
4678:
2101:
2099:
3480:
2322:
2198:"The historic tragedy of the island of CeilĂŁo"
2105:
1671:or an equivalent in cash. In 1591, during the
1352:Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762â63)
41:Colonial era Map of the Jaffna kingdom c. 1619
3888:
3090:
3033:United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti
2800:
2539:
2465:The Temporal and Spiritual Conquest of Ceylon
2439:
2139:The Temporal and Spiritual Conquest of Ceylon
2096:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
315:
248:
4300:Federation of Tamil Sangams of North America
2358:: Ashgate. pp. 95, 110, 111 & 137.
3902:
2448:: Asian Educational Services. p. 122.
2075:
1929:with various kingdoms in India and sent to
1708:With the death of Pararasasekaran in 1617,
3895:
3881:
3097:
3083:
2807:
2793:
2546:
2532:
2508:
2395:
2288:. Archived from the original on 2002-06-22
2258:"Portuguese Colonial Period (1505â645 CE)"
2219:
2133:
2131:
2129:
1972:
322:
308:
255:
241:
35:
4687:Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom
2941:Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom
2462:
266:Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom
22:Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom
2416:
2372:
2347:
1877:later attacked with reinforcements from
1785:
4320:Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam
3043:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
3028:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
2485:
2239:
2237:
2126:
1549:in its quest to get military help from
1538:, but eventually made peace with them.
1530:in 1505. Many kings of Jaffna, such as
4679:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2082:. Lake House Investments. p. 12.
2043:
2041:
2039:
1790:1692 engraving by Wilhem Broedelet of
3876:
3708:
3479:
3194:
3078:
2788:
2527:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1852:northern half of the eastern province
1703:
303:
236:
2843:Kotte conquest of the Jaffna kingdom
2488:Laws and customs of Tamils of Jaffna
2234:
2185:Laws and customs of Tamils of Jaffna
2056:
2025:
2023:
1728:, and allowed them to use a base in
4151:Government of the Northern Province
3857:
2144:
2036:
1857:At the time, the mainland south of
1802:(Amsterdam 1672) by the Dutch Rev.
13:
4216:Democratic Tamil National Alliance
2894:1173 Polonnaruwa invasion of Chola
2348:De Silva, Chandra Richard (2009).
1950:
1782:Portuguese and the Kandyan kingdom
1748:is said to have defeated him near
1565:
14:
4723:
4692:Wars involving the Jaffna kingdom
2106:Vriddhagirisan, V. (1995-01-01).
2020:
1800:Description of the Isle of Ceylon
4661:
4660:
4406:Representations in Indian cinema
4226:Tamil People's National Alliance
3856:
3846:
3837:
3836:
3461:Sri Subodharama Raja Maha Vihara
2821:
2654:
2554:
176:
144:
126:
4079:BandaranaikeâChelvanayakam Pact
3734:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
3544:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
3250:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
2879:Anuradhapura invasion of Pandya
2274:
2250:
2190:
2177:
2164:
1889:
1650:
89:Portuguese captured the Capital
29:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
4697:Former countries in South Asia
2914:SinhaleseâPortuguese conflicts
2884:Chola conquest of Anuradhapura
2112:. Asian Educational Services.
2069:
2007:
1994:
1848:Northern Province of Sri Lanka
1720:invited military aid from the
1553:. Eventually, a usurper named
1:
4221:Tamil National People's Front
4206:Tamil United Liberation Front
3517:Jaffna under Tambralinga rule
3012:Operation Prosperity Guardian
2471:: Vedam Books. p. 1274.
2440:Gnanaprakasar, Swamy (2003).
2404:: Stamford Lake. p. 66.
2381:: Vijitha Yapa. p. 782.
2316:
1522:traders arrived at the rival
333:Portuguese colonial campaigns
3549:Jaffna under Portuguese rule
3230:Malay invasions of Sri Lanka
2973:Great Rebellion of 1817â1818
2904:Malay invasions of Sri Lanka
2518:. United States: sangam.org.
2442:A Critical History of Jaffna
2245:A critical history of Jaffna
2076:Abeyasinghe, Tikiri (1986).
2015:A critical history of Jaffna
1875:Constantino de SĂĄ de Noronha
1584:, which enjoyed a lucrative
1541:By 1591, the king of Jaffna
168:Constantino de SĂĄ de Noronha
7:
4618:Shrine of Our Lady of Madhu
4146:Northern Provincial Council
2398:Jaffna Under the Portuguese
2396:Abeysinghe, Tikiri (2005).
2159:Jaffna Under the Portuguese
2079:Jaffna under the Portuguese
2031:Jaffna Under the Portuguese
1991:, p. 95, 110, 111 & 137
1967:Jaffna Under the Portuguese
1763:, and a land expedition by
1576:Portuguese traders reached
1526:in the southwest of modern
1513:Portuguese conquest of the
10:
4728:
4168:Eastern Provincial Council
4119:NPC Resolution on Genocide
4038:Wesleyan Methodist Mission
3815:Delgamuwa Raja Maha Vihara
2853:1987â1989 JVP insurrection
2463:De Queroz, Fernao (1992).
2323:Vriddhagirisan, V (2007).
2228:Sri Lankan Tamil Struggle,
1569:
4658:
4633:
4588:
4555:
4487:
4393:
4332:
4282:
4234:
4196:All Ceylon Tamil Congress
4188:
4138:
4131:
4104:Burning of Jaffna library
4051:
4025:
3972:
3939:Tissamaharama inscription
3934:History of Eastern Tamils
3926:
3919:
3913:List of Sri Lankan Tamils
3910:
3832:
3797:
3754:
3726:
3704:
3662:
3634:
3581:
3497:
3475:
3451:Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
3389:
3349:
3306:
3270:
3220:
3190:
3157:
3125:
3051:
3020:
2866:
2835:
2739:
2711:
2663:
2652:
2585:
2567:
2305:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1677:André Furtado de Mendonça
341:
274:
215:
195:
157:
119:
45:
34:
26:
21:
4712:Wars involving Sri Lanka
4606:Nallur Kandaswamy temple
4315:Tamil Youth Organisation
3746:SinhaleseâPortuguese War
3539:SinhaleseâPortuguese War
3235:SinhaleseâPortuguese War
2963:Second KandyanâDutch War
2373:de Silva, K. M. (2005).
1944:
1391:Banda Oriental (1816â20)
1369:Banda Oriental (1776â77)
1322:Banda Oriental (1735â37)
1090:Cape of Good Hope (1630)
109:Repulsed Kandyan attacks
4707:Wars involving Portugal
4310:Tamils Against Genocide
4295:Canadian Tamil Congress
4211:Tamil National Alliance
4033:American Ceylon Mission
3904:Sri Lankan Tamil people
3522:Jaffna under Kotte rule
2958:First KandyanâDutch War
1683:was killed and his son
1661:Constantino de Bragança
1647:from the Jaffna kings.
1493:Guinea-Bissau (1963â74)
1020:Coromandel Coast (1619)
4557:Languages and dialects
4094:Vaddukoddai Resolution
3772:House of Siri Sanga Bo
3614:House of Siri Sanga Bo
3609:Aryacakravarti dynasty
3456:Kotte Raja Maha Vihara
3412:Yapahuwa rock fortress
3288:House of Siri Sanga Bo
3200:Kingdom of Dambadeniya
3064:Ceylon in World War II
2693:House of Siri Sanga Bo
2688:Aryacakravarti dynasty
2486:Tambiah, H. W (2001).
2375:A History of Sri Lanka
1884:Coylot Wannees Country
1844:
1795:
1624:landings. It was king
1406:Mozambique (1847â1910)
1025:Persian Gulf (1621â22)
923:Indian Ocean (1586â89)
673:Indian Ocean (1538â60)
473:Persian Gulf (1507â15)
438:Indian Ocean (1505â17)
158:Commanders and leaders
4043:Jaffna Youth Congress
3997:Kotagama inscriptions
3687:Kotagama inscriptions
3653:Yalpana Vaipava Malai
3262:Convention of Malvana
2924:Battle of Mulleriyawa
2889:PolonnaruwaâPagan War
2874:Battle of Vijithapura
2848:1971 JVP insurrection
2730:Yalpana Vaipava Malai
1886:by the 18th century.
1820:
1789:
1765:Phillippe de Oliveira
1746:Phillippe de Oliveira
1659:, led by Viceroy Dom
1559:Phillippe de Oliveira
1285:East Africa (1696â98)
543:Sri Lanka (1520â1658)
216:Casualties and losses
164:Phillippe de Oliveira
4290:British Tamils Forum
3692:Madawala inscription
3512:Pandyan Principality
3245:Kandyan independence
3005:Cocos Islands mutiny
2936:DutchâPortuguese War
2858:Sri Lankan Civil War
2769:Madawala inscription
2764:Kotagama inscription
2490:(revised ed.).
2417:Kunarasa, K (2003).
2064:History of Sri Lanka
1697:Vimaladharmasuriya I
1498:Mozambique (1964â74)
1463:Mozambique (1917-18)
1458:Mozambique (1917â18)
1443:East Timor (1911â12)
1381:French Guiana (1809)
1230:2nd Sri Lanka (1654)
1225:1st Sri Lanka (1654)
623:Moluccas (1530â1607)
4601:Naguleswaram temple
4002:Portuguese conquest
3992:Jaffna Palace ruins
3949:Ketheeswaram temple
3714:Kingdom of Sitawaka
3559:Portuguese conquest
3429:Gadaladeniya Vihara
3112:Transitional period
2929:Campaign of Danture
2632:Portuguese conquest
2520:Accessed 25-02-2016
1861:was claimed by the
1065:Persian Gulf (1625)
1035:Persian Gulf (1622)
1005:Persian Gulf (1614)
943:Sri Lanka (1587â88)
928:Persian Gulf (1586)
798:Sri Lanka (1557â58)
788:Gulf of Oman (1554)
773:Persian Gulf (1551)
638:Persian Gulf (1534)
618:Persian Gulf (1529)
191:Mudaliyar Attapattu
4305:Global Tamil Forum
3959:Munneswaram temple
3434:Lankatilaka Vihara
3341:Irrigation network
3182:Polonnaruwa period
3131:Dambadeniya period
3000:Easter Sunday Raid
2419:The Jaffna Dynasty
2243:Gnanaprakasar, S.
2172:The Jaffna Dynasty
2013:Gnanaprakasar, S.
2002:The Jaffna Dynasty
1900:Migapulle Arachchi
1812:islands off Jaffna
1796:
1718:Migapulle Arachchi
1714:Ethirimanna Cinkam
1704:End of the kingdom
1685:Ethirimanna Cinkam
1543:Ethirimanna Cinkam
1453:Angola (1914â1917)
1364:Angola (1774â1778)
1170:Malaysia (1640â41)
1110:East Africa (1632)
1030:Trincomalee (1622)
1000:Brazil (1612â1615)
708:East Africa (1542)
668:Brazil (1534â1536)
613:East Africa (1528)
528:East Africa (1517)
453:East Africa (1507)
433:East Africa (1505)
187:Migapulle Arachchi
4702:Portuguese Ceylon
4672:
4671:
4654:
4653:
4328:
4327:
4189:Political parties
4127:
4126:
3954:Koneswaram temple
3870:
3869:
3828:
3827:
3718:
3700:
3699:
3623:Portuguese puppet
3532:Liberation battle
3489:
3471:
3470:
3212:
3072:
3071:
2899:Pandyan Civil War
2782:
2781:
2702:Portuguese puppet
2615:Liberation battle
2365:978-0-7546-0186-9
2326:Nayaks of Tanjore
2141:, p. 51 & 468
2109:Nayaks of Tanjore
2050:Nayaks of Tanjore
1935:FernĂŁo De QueirĂłs
1921:in India and the
1850:and parts of the
1804:Phillipus Baldeus
1798:According to the
1681:Puvirasa Pandaram
1673:second expedition
1572:Portuguese Ceylon
1536:Roman Catholicism
1508:
1507:
1421:Mozambique (1895)
1416:Mozambique (1895)
1240:Malabar (1658â63)
1135:Gold Coast (1637)
1075:Gold Coast (1625)
963:India (1599â1600)
863:Chaul (1570â1571)
823:Gold Coast (1562)
743:Insulindia (1545)
593:Insulindia (1526)
588:Insulindia (1525)
583:Sumatra (1523â24)
558:Insulindia (1521)
418:India (1500â1513)
371:Morocco (1463â64)
297:
296:
231:
230:
205:
115:
114:
100:, and then hanged
4719:
4664:
4663:
4565:Batticaloa Tamil
4391:
4390:
4136:
4135:
4069:Sinhala Only Act
3964:Tenavaram temple
3944:Annaicoddai seal
3924:
3923:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3874:
3873:
3860:
3859:
3850:
3840:
3839:
3739:VijayabÄ Kollaya
3716:
3706:
3705:
3677:Cankilian Thoppu
3527:Kotte's campaign
3487:
3477:
3476:
3439:Embekka Devalaya
3255:VijayabÄ Kollaya
3210:
3192:
3191:
3150:
3142:
3134:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3076:
3075:
3059:Military history
3052:Related articles
2980:Matale rebellion
2827:
2825:
2824:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2786:
2785:
2774:Mural of soldier
2754:Cankilian Thoppu
2658:
2610:Kotte's campaign
2600:Tambralinga rule
2558:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2505:
2482:
2459:
2436:
2413:
2392:
2369:
2344:
2311:
2310:
2304:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2254:
2248:
2241:
2232:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2204:. Archived from
2194:
2188:
2181:
2175:
2168:
2162:
2155:
2142:
2135:
2124:
2123:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2073:
2067:
2060:
2054:
2048:Vriddhagirisan,
2045:
2034:
2027:
2018:
2011:
2005:
1998:
1992:
1983:
1970:
1963:
1911:Saraswathy Mahal
1871:Jaffna Peninsula
1816:Island of Mannar
1808:Jaffna Peninsula
1776:Sri Lankan Tamil
1759:, also known as
1742:Thanjavur Nayaks
1722:Thanjavur Nayaks
1657:first expedition
1637:island of Mannar
1488:Angola (1961â74)
1483:Africa (1961â74)
1448:Angola (1914â15)
1433:Angola (1902â04)
1396:Brazil (1821â25)
1347:Brazil (1762â63)
1220:Brazil (1652â54)
1175:Angola (1641â48)
1125:Arabia (1633â43)
873:Mangalore (1571)
783:Arabia (1552â54)
336:
334:
324:
317:
310:
301:
300:
269:
267:
257:
250:
243:
234:
233:
203:
180:
150:
148:
147:
132:
130:
129:
47:
46:
39:
19:
18:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4677:
4676:
4673:
4668:
4650:
4629:
4625:Village deities
4584:
4551:
4483:
4420:Saturday Review
4389:
4345:Genetic studies
4324:
4278:
4236:Militant groups
4230:
4184:
4178:Chief Ministers
4161:Chief Ministers
4123:
4084:Standardisation
4047:
4021:
4017:Demala Hatpattu
3968:
3915:
3906:
3901:
3871:
3866:
3824:
3793:
3750:
3722:
3721:
3696:
3658:
3630:
3619:Don Constantine
3594:Kalinga dynasty
3577:
3493:
3492:
3467:
3385:
3381:Popular culture
3357:Guththila Kawya
3345:
3302:
3266:
3216:
3215:
3186:
3153:
3145:
3137:
3129:
3121:
3120:
3103:
3073:
3068:
3047:
3016:
2985:Second Boer War
2862:
2831:
2822:
2820:
2817:armed conflicts
2813:
2783:
2778:
2735:
2707:
2698:Don Constantine
2673:Kalinga dynasty
2659:
2650:
2622:Portuguese rule
2581:
2563:
2552:
2510:Sabaratnam, T.M
2502:
2479:
2456:
2433:
2389:
2366:
2341:
2319:
2314:
2298:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2266:
2264:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2242:
2235:
2224:
2220:
2211:
2209:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2182:
2178:
2169:
2165:
2157:Abeysinghe, T.
2156:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2120:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2074:
2070:
2061:
2057:
2046:
2037:
2029:Abeysinghe, T.
2028:
2021:
2012:
2008:
1999:
1995:
1984:
1973:
1965:Abeysinghe, T.
1964:
1951:
1947:
1923:Vanni Districts
1892:
1784:
1706:
1693:Kandyan kingdom
1653:
1641:pearl fisheries
1606:Kandyan kingdom
1574:
1568:
1566:Initial contact
1547:Kandyan kingdom
1518:occurred after
1509:
1504:
1468:Timor (1942â43)
1386:China (1809â10)
1317:India (1729â32)
1185:India (1644â45)
1150:India (1638â39)
1080:Malaysia (1628)
1010:Malaysia (1615)
990:Malaysia (1606)
985:Malaysia (1606)
938:Malaysia (1587)
933:Malaysia (1586)
893:Malaysia (1575)
888:Malaysia (1574)
883:Malaysia (1573)
878:India (1570â75)
858:Goa (1570â1571)
793:Pakistan (1557)
778:Malaysia (1551)
758:Malaysia (1547)
738:Malaysia (1543)
733:Ethiopia (1543)
728:Ethiopia (1542)
723:Ethiopia (1542)
718:Ethiopia (1542)
713:Ethiopia (1542)
703:Ethiopia (1542)
698:Ethiopia (1541)
663:Moluccas (1536)
658:Malaysia (1536)
653:Malaysia (1535)
643:Malaysia (1534)
578:Malaysia (1523)
538:Malaysia (1520)
493:Malaysia (1511)
337:
332:
330:
328:
298:
293:
270:
265:
263:
261:
202:
185:
181:
166:
145:
143:
127:
125:
86:
69:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4725:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4670:
4669:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4561:
4559:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4542:United Kingdom
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4493:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4434:Tamil Guardian
4430:
4423:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4240:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4142:
4140:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3987:Aryacakravarti
3984:
3978:
3976:
3974:Jaffna kingdom
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3930:
3928:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3900:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3877:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3854:
3844:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3710:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3649:
3644:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3596:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3556:
3554:Mannar martyrs
3546:
3541:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3485:Jaffna kingdom
3481:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3448:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3421:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3376:Anavamadarshin
3373:
3372:
3371:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3247:
3242:
3240:MingâKotte War
3237:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3196:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3143:
3139:Gampola period
3135:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3079:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2919:Siege of Kotte
2911:
2909:MingâKotte War
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2629:
2627:Mannar martyrs
2619:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2602:
2597:
2595:Pandya dynasty
2591:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2560:Jaffna kingdom
2551:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2506:
2500:
2483:
2477:
2460:
2454:
2437:
2431:
2414:
2393:
2387:
2370:
2364:
2345:
2340:978-8120609969
2339:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2286:KT Rajasingham
2273:
2249:
2233:
2218:
2189:
2176:
2163:
2143:
2125:
2118:
2095:
2088:
2068:
2055:
2035:
2019:
2006:
1993:
1971:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1919:Ramanathapuram
1891:
1888:
1783:
1780:
1757:Varunakulattan
1705:
1702:
1652:
1649:
1594:Roman Catholic
1567:
1564:
1515:Jaffna kingdom
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1359:Morocco (1769)
1356:
1355:
1354:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1165:Morocco (1640)
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1085:Malacca (1629)
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
980:Sumatra (1606)
977:
971:
970:
966:
965:
960:
955:
953:Senegal (1589)
950:
948:Mombasa (1589)
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
898:Morocco (1578)
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
868:Honavar (1571)
865:
860:
855:
853:Sumatra (1569)
850:
848:Malacca (1568)
845:
840:
835:
833:Morocco (1564)
830:
828:Morocco (1562)
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
693:Red Sea (1541)
690:
688:Red Sea (1541)
685:
683:Red Sea (1541)
680:
678:Red Sea (1541)
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
633:Morocco (1533)
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
608:Sumatra (1528)
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
568:Sumatra (1522)
565:
560:
555:
553:Bahrain (1521)
550:
548:Sumatra (1521)
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
523:Morocco (1516)
520:
518:Morocco (1515)
515:
513:Morocco (1515)
510:
508:Morocco (1514)
505:
503:Morocco (1514)
500:
498:Morocco (1513)
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
463:Socotra (1507)
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
423:Algeria (1501)
420:
414:
413:
409:
408:
406:Morocco (1490)
403:
401:Morocco (1489)
398:
396:Morocco (1487)
393:
388:
386:Morocco (1471)
383:
381:Morocco (1471)
378:
376:Morocco (1468)
373:
368:
366:Morocco (1458)
363:
361:Morocco (1437)
358:
356:Morocco (1419)
353:
351:Morocco (1415)
347:
346:
342:
339:
338:
327:
326:
319:
312:
304:
295:
294:
292:
291:
286:
281:
275:
272:
271:
260:
259:
252:
245:
237:
229:
228:
225:
222:
218:
217:
213:
212:
209:
206:
201:5,000 soldiers
198:
197:
193:
192:
189:
183:Varunakulattan
170:
160:
159:
155:
154:
141:
139:Jaffna kingdom
136:
122:
121:
117:
116:
113:
112:
111:
110:
107:
105:Jaffna kingdom
101:
90:
85:
84:
77:
75:
71:
70:
61:
59:
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4724:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4675:
4667:
4657:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4626:
4623:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4575:Negombo Tamil
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4548:
4547:United States
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4201:Federal Party
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:Post-colonial
4050:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3909:
3905:
3898:
3893:
3891:
3886:
3884:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3863:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3821:
3820:Hanwella fort
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3810:Sitawaka fort
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3570:
3569:1591 invasion
3567:
3565:
3564:1560 invasion
3562:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3507:Kalinga Magha
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3088:
3086:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2970:
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2917:
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2900:
2897:
2895:
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2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
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2803:
2798:
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2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2643:
2642:1591 invasion
2640:
2638:
2637:1560 invasion
2635:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2501:955-9261-16-9
2497:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2478:81-206-0764-3
2474:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2455:81-206-1686-3
2451:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2432:955-8455-00-8
2428:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2410:955-1131-70-1
2407:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2388:955-8095-92-3
2384:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2308:
2302:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2247:, pp. 153â72.
2246:
2240:
2238:
2231:
2229:
2222:
2208:on 2005-03-13
2207:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2186:
2180:
2173:
2167:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2121:
2119:9788120609969
2115:
2111:
2110:
2102:
2100:
2091:
2089:9789555520003
2085:
2081:
2080:
2072:
2065:
2062:de Silva, A.
2059:
2053:
2052:, p.80-1,91-2
2051:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2016:
2010:
2003:
1997:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1863:King of Kandy
1860:
1859:Elephant Pass
1855:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1840:Triquillemele
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1793:
1788:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1665:Mannar Island
1662:
1658:
1648:
1646:
1643:extending to
1642:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1582:Kotte kingdom
1579:
1573:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1524:Kotte kingdom
1521:
1517:
1516:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1438:Angola (1907)
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1342:Brazil (1756)
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1312:Angola (1723)
1310:
1308:
1307:Brazil (1711)
1305:
1303:
1302:Brazil (1710)
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1275:Angola (1681)
1273:
1271:
1270:Angola (1671)
1268:
1266:
1265:Angola (1670)
1263:
1261:
1260:Angola (1670)
1258:
1256:
1255:Brazil (1666)
1253:
1251:
1250:Angola (1665)
1248:
1246:
1245:MargĂŁo (1659)
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:Mannar (1658)
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1215:Arabia (1650)
1213:
1211:
1210:Brazil (1649)
1208:
1206:
1205:Brazil (1648)
1203:
1201:
1200:Angola (1647)
1198:
1196:
1195:Brazil (1645)
1193:
1191:
1190:Brazil (1645)
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1180:Brazil (1641)
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:Brazil (1640)
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1145:Brazil (1638)
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1130:Brazil (1636)
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1120:Arabia (1633)
1118:
1116:
1115:Bengal (1632)
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1105:Brazil (1631)
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1095:Brazil (1630)
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1070:Brazil (1625)
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1060:Angola (1624)
1058:
1056:
1055:Brazil (1624)
1053:
1051:
1050:Angola (1623)
1048:
1046:
1045:Angola (1622)
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1015:Jaffna (1619)
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
968:
967:
964:
961:
959:
958:Jaffna (1591)
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
918:Angola (1583)
916:
914:
913:Arabia (1581)
911:
909:
906:
904:
903:Angola (1580)
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
843:Brazil (1567)
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
813:Jaffna (1560)
811:
809:
806:
804:
803:Brazil (1558)
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
768:Arabia (1548)
766:
764:
763:Arabia (1548)
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
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573:Arabia (1523)
571:
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391:Guinea (1478)
389:
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290:
289:Jaffna (1619)
287:
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284:Jaffna (1591)
282:
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279:Jaffna (1560)
277:
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33:
30:
25:
20:
4674:
4570:Jaffna Tamil
4474:
4467:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4375:Thesavalamai
4064:Colonisation
4001:
3672:Mantri Manai
3651:
3599:Chandrabhanu
3558:
3369:in Sinhalese
3319:Caste system
3314:Alagakkonara
3293:Capital city
3167:Bibliography
3147:Kotte period
3021:Peacekeeping
2995:World War II
2968:Kandyan Wars
2940:
2749:Mantri Manai
2728:
2678:Chandrabhanu
2631:
2514:
2487:
2464:
2441:
2418:
2397:
2374:
2350:
2325:
2290:. Retrieved
2285:
2276:
2265:. Retrieved
2261:
2252:
2244:
2227:
2226:Sabaratnam,
2221:
2210:. Retrieved
2206:the original
2202:JoĂŁo Ribeiro
2201:
2192:
2184:
2179:
2171:
2170:Kunarasa, K
2166:
2161:, pp. 58â63.
2158:
2138:
2137:De Queyroz,
2108:
2078:
2071:
2063:
2058:
2049:
2030:
2017:, pp. 113â7.
2014:
2009:
2001:
2000:Kunarasa, K
1996:
1987:
1966:
1910:
1893:
1890:Consequences
1856:
1845:
1824:Jaffnapatnam
1821:
1799:
1797:
1773:
1760:
1754:
1707:
1695:under kings
1654:
1651:Client state
1575:
1540:
1512:
1510:
1478:India (1961)
1473:India (1954)
1427:20th century
1411:China (1849)
1401:China (1846)
1375:19th century
1337:India (1752)
1332:India (1746)
1327:India (1746)
1297:India (1704)
1291:18th century
1280:India (1693)
1155:India (1639)
1140:India (1638)
1100:Jambi (1630)
1040:China (1622)
1014:
995:India (1612)
969:17th century
908:India (1581)
838:Japan (1565)
818:Japan (1561)
808:India (1559)
753:India (1547)
748:India (1546)
648:Tunis (1535)
628:India (1531)
598:India (1526)
563:China (1521)
488:India (1510)
483:India (1509)
478:India (1508)
458:India (1507)
448:India (1506)
443:India (1506)
428:India (1504)
412:16th century
345:15th century
288:
264:
120:Belligerents
4613:Catholicism
4532:New Zealand
4462:Thinakkural
4448:Tamil Times
4099:Tamil Eelam
4059:Nationalism
3862:WikiProject
3805:Avissawella
3782:Rajasinha I
3717:(1521â1594)
3603:Tambralinga
3488:(1232â1620)
3402:Dambadeniya
3397:Polonnaruwa
3361:Literature
3211:(1232â1597)
3133:1232 â 1341
2990:World War I
2682:Tambralinga
2423:Johor Bahru
2356:Oxfordshire
2262:Rohan Titus
2187:, pp. 62â3.
2004:, pp. 82â4.
1913:library in
1838:to that of
1832:Pachalapali
1794:'s 1681 map
1792:Robert Knox
1734:Palk Strait
1618:South India
1610:Trincomalee
1590:spice trade
1551:South India
975:Java (1601)
603:Java (1527)
53:1560 â 1621
4681:Categories
4476:Virakesari
4455:Thinakaran
4411:Literature
4139:Government
4109:Black July
3787:Rajasuriya
3755:Government
3682:Yamuna Eri
3647:Setu coins
3582:Government
3419:Kurunegala
3298:RÄjÄkariya
3271:Government
3149:1412â 1592
3141:1341â 1412
2819:involving
2759:Yamuna Eri
2724:Setu coins
2605:Kotte rule
2317:References
2292:2007-12-07
2267:2007-12-07
2212:2008-01-08
1986:De Silva,
1814:, and the
1761:Khem Nayak
1710:Cankili II
1614:Batticaloa
1570:See also:
1555:Cankili II
1520:Portuguese
533:Goa (1517)
173:Cankili II
94:Cankili II
81:Portuguese
4580:Loanwords
4497:Australia
4427:Sudar Oli
4173:Governors
4156:Governors
4114:Civil War
4089:Militancy
3798:Landmarks
3777:Mayadunne
3664:Landmarks
3390:Landmarks
2829:Sri Lanka
2741:Landmarks
2469:New Delhi
2446:New Delhi
2331:New Delhi
2230:Chapter 5
2183:Tambiah,
1927:saltpetre
1738:Karaiyars
1730:Neduntivu
1726:Karaiyars
1675:, led by
1669:elephants
1633:Catholics
1626:Cankili I
1578:Sri Lanka
1532:Cankili I
1528:Sri Lanka
204:(by land)
4666:Category
4646:Football
4596:Hinduism
4589:Religion
4537:Pakistan
4527:Malaysia
4489:Diaspora
4441:TamilNet
4380:Vellalar
4370:Paraiyar
4360:Mukkuvar
4350:Karaiyar
4283:Diaspora
4132:Politics
4026:Colonial
4007:Vannimai
3842:Category
3767:Monarchs
3762:Monarchy
3589:Monarchs
3446:Kelaniya
3407:Yapahuwa
3329:Salagama
3283:Monarchs
3278:Monarchy
3172:Timeline
2836:Domestic
2665:Monarchs
2512:(2010).
2301:cite web
2174:, p. 115
1909:and the
1724:and the
1689:elephant
1645:Puttalam
1602:Sitawaka
1598:Vannimai
1586:monopoly
196:Strength
134:Portugal
103:Fall of
58:Location
27:Part of
4641:Cricket
4512:Germany
4469:Uthayan
4394:Culture
4365:Nalavar
4333:Society
4012:Vanniar
3982:History
3927:Ancient
3920:History
3727:History
3635:Culture
3499:History
3424:Gampola
3365:in Pali
3350:Culture
3307:Society
3222:History
3204:Gampola
3162:Outline
3114:topics
2867:Foreign
2712:Culture
2587:History
2492:Colombo
2402:Colombo
2379:Colombo
2066:, p.166
1879:Colombo
1867:Senerat
1679:, King
1635:in the
1588:on the
227:Unknown
221:Unknown
208:Unknown
96:became
83:victory
4507:France
4502:Canada
4401:Cinema
4355:Koviar
3852:Portal
3334:Durava
3324:Karava
3206:&
2826:
2815:Major
2562:topics
2498:
2475:
2452:
2429:
2408:
2385:
2362:
2337:
2116:
2086:
1969:, p. 2
1939:Jaffna
1931:Lisbon
1915:Nallur
1907:temple
1836:Mannar
1810:, the
1750:Nallur
1630:Parava
211:10,000
175:
149:
131:
74:Result
67:Jaffna
63:Nallur
4634:Sport
4522:India
4517:Italy
4415:News
4385:Vedar
4340:Eelam
4269:PLOTE
4254:EPRLF
4244:ENDLF
4074:Riots
3208:Kotte
3177:Years
2033:, p.3
1945:Notes
1904:Hindu
1896:Dutch
1828:Vanni
1622:Dutch
152:Kandy
92:King
4274:TELO
4264:LTTE
4259:EORS
4249:ENLF
3642:Flag
2951:1591
2946:1560
2719:Flag
2577:Coin
2572:Flag
2496:ISBN
2473:ISBN
2450:ISBN
2427:ISBN
2406:ISBN
2383:ISBN
2360:ISBN
2335:ISBN
2307:link
2114:ISBN
2084:ISBN
1655:The
1612:and
1511:The
224:High
50:Date
1769:Goa
98:POW
4683::
3367:,
3202:,
2467:.
2444:.
2421:.
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