655:
442:
3156:
542:
1106:(ARV) treatment to impoverished victims of the HIV-AIDS epidemic sweeping the country. South Africa had the highest prevalence of HIV-AIDS compared to any other country in the world, with 5,600,000 people afflicted by the disease and 270,000 HIV-related deaths were recorded in 2011. By that time, more than 2,000,000 children were orphaned due to the epidemic. The provision of ARV treatment resulted in 100,000 fewer AIDS-related deaths in 2011, than in 2005.
915:
738:, was convicted of corruption and fraud. In the aftermath of the conviction, Mbeki dismissed Zuma as deputy president. Zuma was subsequently charged with corruption in a case which was still unresolved as of 2009; in the meantime, Zuma's power base within the ANC had grown significantly. Popular support for Mbeki also suffered from the feeling that his government's economic policies had failed to generate inclusive development.
56:
1146:, asserted in a statement released on 25 January 1990: "The nationalisation of the mines, banks and monopoly industries is the policy of the ANC, and a change or modification of our views in this regard is inconceivable." But, after the ANC's electoral victory in 1994, the eradication of mass poverty through nationalisation was never implemented. The ANC-led government, in a historic reversal of policy, adopted
874:
1134:, government incompetence and maladministration, and other public grievances in the post-apartheid era, precipitated many violent protest demonstrations. In 2007, less than half the protests were associated with some form of violence, compared with 2014 when almost 80% of protests involved violence on the part of the participants or the authorities. The slow pace of
966:
and Zuma, the ANC announced on 13 February that Zuma had been requested to resign, but had refused, and that the ANC was therefore "recalling" him from the
Presidency. Facing a motion of no confidence in Parliament scheduled for 15 February, Jacob Zuma announced his resignation with immediate effect in a late night address on 14 February.
1109:
Migrant labour remained a fundamental aspect of the South
African mining industry, which employed half a million, mostly black miners. Labour unrest in the industry resulted in a massacre which took place in mid-August 2012, during which; anti-riot police shot dead 34 striking miners and wounded many
1098:
The apartheid government had declared a moratorium on foreign debt repayments in the mid-1980s when it declared a state of emergency in the face of escalating civil unrest. With the formal end of apartheid in 1994, the newly elected ANC government was saddled with an onerous foreign debt amounting to
997:
passed a motion to review the property ownership clause of the constitution, to allow for the expropriation of land, in the public interest, without compensation. In August 2018, the South
African government began the process of taking two privately owned farms by filing papers seeking to acquire the
965:
Following the end of Zuma's term as ANC President, pressure grew for Zuma to be replaced as
President of South Africa. The annual State of the Nation Address scheduled for 8 February was postponed indefinitely 2 days beforehand. After a week of discussions within ANC structures and between Ramaphosa
1141:
The ANC had risen to power on the strength of a socialist agenda embodied in a
Freedom Charter, which was intended to form the basis of ANC social, economic and political policies. The Charter decreed that "the national wealth of our country, the heritage of South Africans, shall be restored to the
762:
reported the killing of approximately 1,500 white farmers in attacks since 1991, and in both 1995 and 1998, the country led the world in reported murders. In an effort to combat the alarming murder rates, the government published statistics showing a steady, albeit tiny decrease in the murder rate
607:
The TRC operated by allowing victims to tell their stories and by allowing perpetrators to confess their guilt, with amnesty on offer to those who made a full confession. Those who chose not to appear before the commission would face criminal prosecution if the authorities could prove their guilt.
929:
was again won by the ANC, though its share of the vote fell to 62.1%. The
Democratic Alliance (DA) increased its vote to 22.2% and confirmed its role as main opposition party. The DA got 6% of the black vote and almost 93% of the white vote, and is often described as a "white" party. It is also
1150:
instead. A wealth tax on the super-rich to fund developmental projects was set aside, while domestic and international corporations, enriched by apartheid, were excused from any financial reparations. Large corporations were allowed to shift their main listings abroad. These policies have been
1099:
86,700,000,000 rands ($ 14,000,000,000 at then current exchange rates) accrued by the former apartheid regime. The cash-strapped government was obliged to repay this debt, or else face a credit downgrading by foreign financial institutions. The debt was finally settled in
September 2001.
1078:
estimated in 2008 that 800,000 or more white people had emigrated overseas since 1995, out of the approximately 4,000,000 who were in South Africa when apartheid formally ended the year before. Large white South
African diasporas, both English- and Afrikaans-speaking, sprouted in
954:, to succeed him both as President of the African National Congress and as President of South Africa, in order to retain his control of the ANC and the state through her, and to avoid prosecution for still pending criminal charges. In December 2017, Dlamini-Zuma was defeated by
714:
While the ANC grassroots held Mbeki in far less affection than the beloved "Madiba" (Nelson
Mandela), Mbeki proved himself to be a shrewd politician, maintaining his political pre-eminence by isolating or co-opting opposition parties. However, Mbeki's effective denial of the
1544:
1038:
was considered by many to be the most consequential election since 1994. The popularity of the ANC waned as the country faced further power cuts, soaring crime, and stagnating growth. Several opposition parties, primarily led by the DA, formed the
1002:
for one-tenth of the price that the owner wants, (which in one case is based on possible value when the farm is developed into an eco-estate). According to a 2017 government audit, 72 percent of the nation's private farmland is owned by
796:. All leadership positions within the ANC went to Zuma supporters, representing a major power shift within the ruling party. The ejection of Mbeki was followed by a gradual move to the left in the country's economic policy.
1014:, but with a reduced majority. The ANC, led by President Ramaphosa, held its outright majority with 58% of the vote, being the worst performance of ANC in any national election to that point. The main opposition party, the
745:
programme was implemented from 2003 to redress the inequalities of the apartheid era. It was criticised as benefiting mostly a narrow stratum of previously disadvantaged groups, and the programme was re-launched in 2007 as
1548:
700:(DP). The DP had traditionally functioned as a stronghold of liberal whites, and now gained new support from conservatives disenchanted with the NP, and from some middle-class blacks. Just behind the DP came the
1129:
By 2014, around 47% of mostly black South
Africans continued to live in poverty, making it one of the most unequal countries in the world. Widespread dissatisfaction with the slow pace of socio-economic
1050:
The election saw a historic decline for the ANC, losing their majority in the National Assembly, primarily to the MK, which saw most support in KwaZulu-Natal. This led to the ANC to form a
942:, gained 6.4% of the vote and entered parliament as the third largest party. The EFF opposes what it sees as the "pro-business" stance of both ANC and DA; it also supports land reform.
1339:
557:
was sworn in as President of South Africa. The Government of National Unity was established; its cabinet made up of twelve African National Congress representatives, six from the
608:
But while some soldiers, police, and ordinary citizens confessed their crimes, few of those who had given the orders presented themselves. For example, former State President
823:
1833:
600:(TRC) to expose the crimes of the apartheid era. The commission heard many stories of horrific brutality and injustice from all sides of the struggle, and offered some
959:
826:
requested the recall of Mbeki as the country's president. Mbeki tendered his resignation on 21 September 2008. Nicholson's judgement was later overturned on appeal.
785:
1621:
615:
A Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy was adopted in June 1996. The GEAR strategy was influenced by the economic ideas that became known as the
850:
1918:
900:
was sworn in as president on 9 May 2009. The shift in economic policy, started with Mbeki's ejection from the presidency, continued with the appointment of
2363:
280:
681:. The governing ANC increased their majority, putting the party within one seat of the two-thirds majority that would allow it to alter the constitution.
1138:
also fomented tensions within the tripartite alliance between the ANC, the South African Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions.
275:
2800:
597:
1596:
173:
471:
1347:
388:
3144:
2593:
1773:
3122:
2248:
1312:
1168:
589:
2076:
1678:
1142:
people; the mineral wealth beneath the soil, the banks and monopoly industry shall be transferred to the ownership of the people". ANC icon
2933:
1394:
2709:
17:
1570:
3824:
403:
2583:
2223:- Charts showing statistics on poverty, access to utilities, unemployment, women in management, crime, xenophobic attacks, languages.
2089:
1075:
983:
763:
since 1994; however this varied across the country. In 2001, a South African was more likely to be murdered than die in a car crash.
3844:
2840:
2487:
1809:
574:
1880:
1420:
1074:
The immediate post-apartheid period was marked by an exodus of skilled white South Africans, who left due to safety concerns. The
2679:
2472:
1114:
massacre. The migrant labour system was identified as a primary cause of the unrest. Multinational mining corporations including
325:
110:
2938:
935:
747:
635:
2188:
72:
3854:
3849:
2026:
1287:
464:
238:
849:
Tensions within the ANC following Mbeki's departure led to a number of prominent members defecting to form a new party, the
77:
2600:
2573:
2477:
1787:
1741:
1726:
926:
919:
885:
878:
843:
800:
678:
550:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
496:
2059:
3137:
2447:
1629:
1035:
1011:
1215:
2641:
1377:
1044:
1015:
889:
667:
585:
across the country - something that the government acknowledged would rely upon a stronger macroeconomic environment.
2714:
2661:
2636:
2548:
2452:
2241:
2046:
689:
2159:
1704:
1189:
719:
crisis invited global criticism, and his conspicuous failure to condemn the deteriorating situation in neighbouring
2918:
2728:
2646:
2399:
2394:
2358:
2105:
1051:
819:
was illegal and was unduly influenced by Mbeki due to political motives. The case against Zuma was thus dismissed.
624:
457:
398:
383:
320:
35:
2126:
2923:
2820:
2780:
2666:
2568:
2482:
2462:
2457:
839:
697:
619:; it aimed to cut state expenditure, rationalise the public sector and reduce the budget deficit to 3% by 1999.
3839:
3834:
3829:
3130:
2825:
2497:
2435:
2184:
1652:
1169:""Born Free" – A Deceptive and Dangerous Story about South Africa's Youth - Counterpoint: Navigating Knowledge"
816:
3152:
1102:
A further financial burden was imposed on the new post-apartheid government through its obligation to provide
3160:
2958:
2835:
2785:
2656:
2467:
2293:
2286:
804:
558:
431:
360:
65:
1834:"National Assembly gives the Constitution Review Committee mandate to review Section 25 of the Constitution"
355:
2950:
2898:
2868:
2699:
2558:
2528:
2425:
2234:
812:
593:
536:
408:
393:
365:
345:
1862:
2795:
2775:
2626:
3037:
2850:
2770:
2750:
2578:
2553:
2538:
1115:
994:
742:
693:
842:
on 25 September 2008. The ANC made it clear that Motlanthe would be a "caretaker" president until the
2790:
2755:
2704:
2588:
2543:
2492:
2442:
2413:
1019:
987:
979:
931:
500:
792:
in December 2007, Mbeki lost the race for the presidency of the ANC to his former Deputy President,
350:
2903:
2893:
2815:
2760:
2740:
2689:
2516:
2502:
2373:
2281:
570:
424:
305:
3097:
3090:
2860:
2830:
2805:
2694:
2631:
2614:
2430:
2269:
2261:
2146:
808:
727:
413:
142:
44:
707:(IFP), historically the voice of Zulu nationalism. While the IFP lost some support, its leader,
2878:
2810:
2765:
2651:
2533:
2011:
1398:
1063:
951:
873:
639:
215:
147:
3168:
3106:
3071:
3066:
2928:
2913:
2908:
2883:
2845:
2745:
2298:
1461:
1442:
753:
704:
562:
300:
268:
137:
87:
527:
generation, and those aged eighteen or older, were able to vote for the first time in 2014.
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
2963:
2318:
1885:
708:
631:
627:. The GEAR strategy was probably adopted under some pressure from international investors.
616:
157:
1919:"South Africans vote in what could be their most important election since apartheid ended"
8:
3111:
3027:
2563:
1343:
1040:
908:
446:
195:
2079:, Cape Town: Community Law Centre, University of Western Cape, 2015. Accessed 9 May 2015
2887:
2671:
2343:
1788:"LIVE: 'I seek to serve with humility, faithfulness and dignity' – President Ramaphosa"
1059:
1055:
152:
2873:
2338:
2313:
2303:
2180:
1373:
1283:
835:
577:(RDP) to address the socio-economic consequences of apartheid, including alleviating
310:
220:
117:
92:
779:
1755:
858:
643:
225:
190:
2023:
1010:
In May 2019, South Africa's African National Congress (ANC) won the parliamentary
2353:
2210:
2130:
2109:
2030:
1961:
1900:
975:
955:
582:
255:
185:
82:
1962:"South Africa's cabinet: The winners and losers in Cyril Ramaphosa's government"
1518:
1492:
3049:
2348:
1143:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1103:
1092:
999:
901:
862:
854:
654:
612:
and then-Deputy President Thabo Mbeki refused to appear before the Commission.
554:
245:
208:
822:
As a consequence of the judge's findings of political interference, the ANC's
3818:
3059:
2988:
2983:
1219:
1147:
1088:
1047:(MK), a new party led by Jacob Zuma, threatened the ANC from the left-wing.
1023:
939:
758:
735:
701:
620:
492:
1262:
Bodies of Truth: law, memory and emancipation in post-apartheid South Africa
503:(ANC) coming to power. The ANC retained power after subsequent elections in
3164:
2998:
2993:
2978:
2973:
2333:
2257:
1004:
896:
and increasing its overall share of the vote to 16.7%. COPE attained 7.4%.
893:
674:
250:
130:
573:
were made deputy presidents. Economically, the government embarked on the
3054:
3003:
2968:
2684:
2328:
2308:
1982:
1943:
1126:, were accused of failing to address the enduring legacies of apartheid.
1084:
770:, an estimated 250,000 white South Africans emigrated between 1994–2005.
682:
609:
566:
541:
180:
97:
2226:
2102:
799:
Zuma, then president of the ANC; and ANC candidate for President in the
3032:
3020:
2120:
1998:
1275:
914:
897:
793:
731:
3044:
2368:
1080:
789:
711:, continued to exercise power as the national Home Affairs minister.
663:
601:
488:
315:
293:
1240:
3015:
2323:
2211:"South Africa elections: Charting divides 25 years after apartheid"
1522:
1496:
1111:
918:
Born-free generation registering to vote for the first time in the
720:
659:
1944:"IEC election results home - Electoral Commission of South Africa"
884:
The ANC majority was reduced to below the two-thirds level in the
3010:
578:
55:
1653:"Zuma wants to continue controlling ANC using ex-wife – analyst"
1597:"The trope of black incompetence: Are whites fit to run the DA?"
2166:, Volume 54, Issue 08, January 2003. Accessed 18 September 2015
1119:
604:
to people and communities shattered by their past experiences.
2189:"How the ANC's Faustian pact sold out South Africa's poorest"
1043:, an electoral agreement to challenge the ANC. Additionally,
846:, for which Jacob Zuma was the ANC's presidential candidate.
1774:"Cyril Ramaphosa has been elected president of South Africa"
950:
From 2015, Jacob Zuma was understood to favour his ex-wife,
726:
In June 2005, corruption allegations related to a national
1848:
Minutes of Proceedings of National Assembly. No 3 of 2018
1725:
Marrian, Natasha; Magubane, Khulekani (6 February 2018).
1280:
South Africa's suspended revolution - Hopes and prospects
811:. However, in 2008 a landmark ruling by high court judge
786:
52nd National Conference of the African National Congress
716:
692:(NNP), lost two-thirds of its seats, as well as official
892:(formerly Democratic Party) winning the province of the
646:, a symbolic image of reconciliation between the races.
1901:"South Africa election: ANC wins with reduced majority"
1810:"First step to land expropriation without compensation"
1537:
588:
In 1995, the interim constitution agreed to during the
1863:"Dispute after state authorised expropriation of farm"
1571:"Black like who? Mashaba on race, business and the DA"
1069:
969:
1740:
de Klerk, Aphiwe; Macanda, Siphe (13 February 2018).
685:
was elected as the nation's second black president.
523:. Children born during this period are known as the
1545:"Zuma sworn in as SA's fourth democratic President"
1462:"If only the adults would behave like the children"
1397:. London: The Sunday Times Magazine. Archived from
1095:to which around 550,000 South Africans emigrated.
930:sometimes described as a "centre-right" party. The
829:
1370:Thabo Mbeki and the Battle for the Soul of the ANC
545:Nelson Mandela casts his vote in the 1994 election
730:surfaced against the country's deputy president,
530:
3816:
1705:"Ramaphosa wins ANC presidency – AS IT HAPPENED"
1881:"South Africa begins seizing white-owned farms"
1739:
1724:
974:Following Zuma's resignation, Acting President
649:
2209:Fihlani, Pumza; Bailey, Dominic (2 May 2019).
2160:"Neoliberalism and resistance in South Africa"
2149:, 26 January 1990. Accessed 21 September 2015.
1216:"The Reconstruction and Development Programme"
990:by the National Assembly on 15 February 2018.
958:in the election for the ANC Presidency at the
904:as Finance Minister instead of Trevor Manuel.
868:
3138:
2242:
2208:
2179:, Johannesburg: KMM Review Publishing, 2012,
465:
2092:, 14 November 2004. Accessed 12 October 2015
1340:"How Nelson Mandela won the rugby World Cup"
888:with 65.9% of the vote, with the opposition
499:resulted in a change in government with the
27:Aspect of history since the end of apartheid
2090:"Spat within tripartite alliance runs deep"
1702:
1007:, who make up 9 percent of the population.
3145:
3131:
2249:
2235:
1418:
1305:
1259:
911:, the first time it was hosted in Africa.
815:found that the re-charging of Zuma by the
472:
458:
2256:
2066:, March/April 2015. Accessed 27 July 2015
1748:
1742:"ANC confirms it has recalled Jacob Zuma"
1208:
1076:South African Institute of Race Relations
1018:(DA) got 21% of the vote and the radical
970:Ramaphosa presidency (2018–present)
688:The National Party (NP), restyled as the
630:In 1995, South Africa hosted and won the
581:and addressing the massive shortfalls in
2075:DM Powell, M O’Donovan and J De Visser,
2047:"South African mining stuck in the past"
2014:3 September 2001. Accessed 26 July 2015.
1985:25 September 2008. Accessed 18 July 2015
1676:
1670:
1568:
1392:
913:
872:
653:
575:Reconstruction and Development Programme
540:
2195:24 June 2013. Accessed 26 October 2015.
2103:"ANC policy". Accessed 25 October 2015.
1679:"Could it be Gerrie Nel vs Jacob Zuma?"
1622:"Dlamini-Zuma touted as next president"
1594:
1440:
14:
3817:
2001:, 22 April 1999. Accessed 11 June 2015
1860:
1493:"Motlanthe: South Africa's safe hands"
1453:
1367:
1337:
960:ANC Conference at Nasrec, Johannesburg
945:
748:Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment
596:. The government also established the
3126:
2230:
1644:
1282:. Wits University Press. p. 80.
1274:
1190:"ANC risks losing 'born free' voters"
2959:South African Bantu-speaking peoples
1756:"Time's up: Jacob Zuma has resigned"
1443:"The violent end of Marike de Klerk"
879:2010 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony
1727:"State of nation address postponed"
1650:
1419:Rondganger, Lee (6 November 2007).
1070:Emigration, debt burden and poverty
1052:Second Government of National Unity
723:unnerved South African landowners.
598:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
24:
2202:
2077:Civic Protests Barometer 2007-2014
1807:
1547:. SABC. 2009-05-09. Archived from
1441:McGreal, Chris (6 December 2001).
773:
25:
3866:
3825:History of South Africa by period
1519:"New party to challenge ANC rule"
1110:more in what is now known as the
907:In 2010, South Africa hosted the
3154:
2147:"We will nationalise -- Mandela"
1999:South Africa’s Debt Unforgivable
1983:"White flight from South Africa"
1861:Eybers, Johan (19 August 2018).
1703:Paul Herman (18 December 2017).
1338:Carlin, John (19 October 2007).
1054:, a coalition with the DA, IFP,
853:(COPE), under the leadership of
830:Motlanthe presidency (2008–2009)
487:transitioned from the system of
440:
54:
3845:Contemporary history by country
2175:Solomon Johannes Terreblanche,
2169:
2152:
2136:
2114:
2095:
2082:
2069:
2052:
2036:
2024:Aids Foundation of South Africa
2017:
2004:
1988:
1972:
1954:
1936:
1911:
1893:
1873:
1854:
1840:
1826:
1801:
1780:
1766:
1733:
1718:
1696:
1628:. 11 April 2016. Archived from
1614:
1595:Msimang, Sisonke (2014-05-22).
1588:
1562:
1511:
1485:
1476:
1434:
1412:
1386:
1368:Gumede, William Mervin (2007).
1361:
840:South African National Assembly
838:was appointed president by the
834:Following Mbeki's resignation,
734:, after his financial advisor,
1464:. The Economist. 21 April 2005
1393:Moynahan, Brian (2006-04-02).
1331:
1296:
1268:
1253:
1233:
1182:
1161:
877:Crowds gathering ahead of the
817:National Prosecuting Authority
531:Mandela presidency (1994–1999)
13:
1:
1651:Tau, Steven (29 April 2017).
1569:Nicolson, Greg (2014-05-29).
1154:
780:Thabo Mbeki § Succession
590:negotiations to end apartheid
432:List of years in South Africa
3855:21st century in South Africa
3850:20th century in South Africa
2187:, quoted in Ronnie Kasrils,
2133:. Accessed 17 September 2015
2033:. Accessed 24 September 2015
1677:du Preez, Max (2 May 2017).
1264:. Stanford University Press.
824:National Executive Committee
809:multi-billion rand arms deal
756:remained a massive problem.
650:Mbeki presidency (1999–2008)
638:rugby jersey to present the
537:Presidency of Nelson Mandela
7:
2101:African National Congress,
869:Zuma presidency (2009–2018)
679:second non-racial elections
18:Post-apartheid South Africa
10:
3871:
1421:"Crime, security in SA..."
1116:Anglo-American Corporation
995:Parliament of South Africa
777:
743:Black Economic Empowerment
534:
389:Inventions and discoveries
3684:
3176:
3084:
2949:
2859:
2736:
2727:
2622:
2613:
2524:
2515:
2421:
2412:
2387:
2277:
2268:
2060:"Apartheid’s Long Shadow"
1313:"Rugby World Cup history"
1260:Kesselring, Rita (2017).
1020:Economic Freedom Fighters
988:President of South Africa
980:African National Congress
932:Economic Freedom Fighters
844:election on 22 April 2009
642:to South African captain
501:African National Congress
162:1887 Annexation (British)
1948:results.elections.org.za
1091:, and especially in the
634:. Nelson Mandela wore a
623:had just been appointed
306:South African Border War
2680:State-owned enterprises
2379:Democratic South Africa
1026:, came third with 11%.
485:South Africa since 1994
447:South Africa portal
143:Dingane kaSenzangakhona
2177:Lost in Transformation
2124:, adopted 26 June 1955
2012:Apartheid debt settled
1218:. 1994. Archived from
993:In February 2018, the
952:Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
922:
881:
851:Congress of the People
670:
640:William Webb Ellis Cup
592:was replaced by a new
546:
216:South African Republic
148:Mpande kaSenzangakhona
3840:2010s in South Africa
3835:2000s in South Africa
3830:1990s in South Africa
2299:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
2049:. Accessed 9 May 2015
1036:2024 general election
1030:2024 general election
934:(EFF), led by former
927:2014 general election
920:2014 general election
917:
886:2009 general election
876:
805:charges of corruption
801:2009 general election
754:Crime in South Africa
705:Inkatha Freedom Party
658:Protests against the
657:
563:Inkatha Freedom Party
561:, and three from the
544:
269:Union of South Africa
138:Shaka kaSenzangakhona
88:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
2934:World Heritage Sites
2710:Water and sanitation
2319:Mthethwa Paramountcy
2129:29 June 2011 at the
2108:14 July 2015 at the
2088:Independent Online,
1886:The Washington Times
1790:. News24. 2018-02-15
1482:Habib (2013), p. 95.
1401:on September 5, 2008
1302:Habib (2013), p. 84.
803:, continued to face
709:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
632:1995 Rugby World Cup
617:Washington Consensus
366:Ramaphosa presidency
356:Motlanthe presidency
326:Apartheid referendum
174:British colonisation
158:Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo
2143:Mail & Guardian
1762:. 14 February 2018.
1760:Mail & Guardian
1499:. 25 September 2008
1344:The Daily Telegraph
1041:Multi-Party Charter
1016:Democratic Alliance
946:Resignation of Zuma
909:2010 FIFA World Cup
890:Democratic Alliance
625:Minister of Finance
321:Internal resistance
196:Orange River Colony
2344:Transvaal Republic
2029:2015-09-25 at the
1814:The M&G Online
1525:. 16 December 2008
1241:"TRC Final Report"
1060:Freedom Front Plus
1056:Patriotic Alliance
923:
882:
690:New National Party
671:
553:of 27 April 1994,
547:
346:Mandela presidency
153:Cetshwayo kaMpande
111:Dutch colonisation
3812:
3811:
3120:
3119:
3080:
3079:
2723:
2722:
2715:Wealth inequality
2662:Income inequality
2609:
2608:
2584:Political parties
2549:Foreign relations
2511:
2510:
2408:
2407:
2339:Orange Free State
2314:Dutch Cape Colony
2304:Kingdom of Mutapa
1808:Pather, Ra'eesa.
1289:978-1-86814-608-6
1196:. 28 January 2013
836:Kgalema Motlanthe
482:
481:
409:Religious history
404:Political history
311:Angolan Civil War
221:Orange Free State
118:Dutch Cape Colony
93:Kingdom of Mutapa
16:(Redirected from
3862:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3124:
3123:
3100:
3093:
2919:National symbols
2841:Social movements
2734:
2733:
2675:
2647:Economic history
2620:
2619:
2522:
2521:
2488:Populated places
2419:
2418:
2359:Great Depression
2275:
2274:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2196:
2173:
2167:
2156:
2150:
2140:
2134:
2118:
2112:
2099:
2093:
2086:
2080:
2073:
2067:
2058:James L Gibson,
2056:
2050:
2040:
2034:
2021:
2015:
2008:
2002:
1992:
1986:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1836:(Press release).
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1632:on 29 April 2017
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1346:. Archived from
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1319:. 7 October 2003
1309:
1303:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1165:
1045:uMkhonto weSizwe
859:Mbhazima Shilowa
807:relating to the
698:Democratic Party
668:15 February 2003
644:Francois Pienaar
497:election of 1994
474:
467:
460:
445:
444:
443:
399:Military history
384:Economic history
351:Mbeki presidency
226:Natalia Republic
191:Transvaal Colony
73:Middle Stone Age
58:
48:
30:
29:
21:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3680:
3172:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3121:
3116:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3076:
2945:
2924:Public holidays
2855:
2821:Sexual violence
2801:Life expectancy
2719:
2673:
2667:Mining industry
2605:
2569:Law enforcement
2507:
2473:Mountain ranges
2404:
2383:
2354:Second Boer War
2264:
2255:
2216:
2214:
2205:
2203:Further reading
2200:
2199:
2174:
2170:
2157:
2153:
2141:
2137:
2131:Wayback Machine
2122:Freedom Charter
2119:
2115:
2110:Wayback Machine
2100:
2096:
2087:
2083:
2074:
2070:
2064:Foreign Affairs
2057:
2053:
2043:Financial Times
2041:
2037:
2031:Wayback Machine
2022:
2018:
2009:
2005:
1993:
1989:
1977:
1973:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1928:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1859:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1818:
1816:
1806:
1802:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1738:
1734:
1729:. Business Day.
1723:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1687:
1685:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1659:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1606:
1604:
1593:
1589:
1580:
1578:
1567:
1563:
1554:
1552:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1528:
1526:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1439:
1435:
1426:
1424:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1402:
1395:"Farms of fear"
1391:
1387:
1380:
1366:
1362:
1353:
1351:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1273:
1269:
1258:
1254:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1225:
1223:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1072:
976:Cyril Ramaphosa
972:
956:Cyril Ramaphosa
948:
871:
832:
813:Chris Nicholson
782:
776:
774:Recall of Mbeki
652:
583:social services
539:
533:
478:
441:
439:
419:
418:
379:
371:
370:
361:Zuma presidency
341:
331:
330:
296:
286:
285:
271:
261:
260:
256:Second Boer War
241:
231:
230:
211:
201:
200:
186:Colony of Natal
176:
166:
165:
133:
123:
122:
113:
103:
102:
83:Bantu expansion
68:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3868:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3150:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3127:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3102:
3101:
3094:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3050:Cape Coloureds
3042:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2955:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2939:heritage sites
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2865:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2826:Slum clearance
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2685:Stock exchange
2682:
2677:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2642:Communications
2639:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2601:State security
2598:
2597:
2596:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2483:National parks
2480:
2478:Municipalities
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2436:Climate change
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2349:First Boer War
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2168:
2164:Monthly Review
2158:Ashwin Desai,
2151:
2135:
2113:
2094:
2081:
2068:
2051:
2035:
2016:
2003:
1987:
1971:
1953:
1935:
1910:
1907:. 11 May 2019.
1892:
1872:
1853:
1839:
1825:
1800:
1779:
1765:
1747:
1732:
1717:
1695:
1669:
1643:
1613:
1603:. South Africa
1601:Daily Maverick
1587:
1577:. South Africa
1575:Daily Maverick
1561:
1536:
1510:
1484:
1475:
1452:
1433:
1411:
1385:
1379:978-1842778487
1378:
1360:
1350:on 4 June 2012
1330:
1304:
1295:
1288:
1267:
1252:
1232:
1207:
1181:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1144:Nelson Mandela
1136:transformation
1132:transformation
1124:Anglo Platinum
1104:antiretroviral
1093:United Kingdom
1071:
1068:
1022:(EFF), led by
1000:eminent domain
978:of the ruling
971:
968:
947:
944:
902:Pravin Gordhan
870:
867:
863:Mluleki George
855:Mosiuoa Lekota
831:
828:
775:
772:
696:status to the
651:
648:
559:National Party
555:Nelson Mandela
549:Following the
535:Main article:
532:
529:
480:
479:
477:
476:
469:
462:
454:
451:
450:
435:
434:
428:
427:
421:
420:
417:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
380:
377:
376:
373:
372:
369:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
342:
339:Post-apartheid
337:
336:
333:
332:
329:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
297:
292:
291:
288:
287:
284:
283:
278:
272:
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
258:
253:
248:
246:First Boer War
242:
237:
236:
233:
232:
229:
228:
223:
218:
212:
209:Boer Republics
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:
193:
188:
183:
177:
172:
171:
168:
167:
164:
163:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
134:
129:
128:
125:
124:
121:
120:
114:
109:
108:
105:
104:
101:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
78:Late Stone Age
75:
69:
64:
63:
60:
59:
51:
50:
41:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3867:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3136:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2836:Social issues
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2786:Land invasion
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2657:Foreign trade
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:Early history
2292:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2098:
2091:
2085:
2078:
2072:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2007:
2000:
1996:
1995:The Economist
1991:
1984:
1980:
1979:The Economist
1975:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1849:
1843:
1835:
1829:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1789:
1783:
1775:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1743:
1736:
1728:
1721:
1706:
1699:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1551:on 2011-05-29
1550:
1546:
1540:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1479:
1463:
1456:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1422:
1415:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1381:
1375:
1372:. Zed Books.
1371:
1364:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1334:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1299:
1291:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1263:
1256:
1242:
1236:
1222:on 2009-05-15
1221:
1217:
1211:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1170:
1164:
1160:
1152:
1149:
1148:neoliberalism
1145:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1089:North America
1086:
1082:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1024:Julius Malema
1021:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
989:
986:unopposed as
985:
981:
977:
967:
963:
961:
957:
953:
943:
941:
940:Julius Malema
937:
933:
928:
921:
916:
912:
910:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
880:
875:
866:
864:
860:
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
827:
825:
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
795:
791:
787:
781:
771:
769:
768:The Economist
766:According to
764:
761:
760:
759:The Economist
755:
751:
749:
744:
739:
737:
736:Schabir Shaik
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
712:
710:
706:
703:
702:KwaZulu-Natal
699:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
669:
665:
661:
656:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
628:
626:
622:
621:Trevor Manuel
618:
613:
611:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
571:F.W. de Klerk
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
543:
538:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
493:majority rule
490:
486:
475:
470:
468:
463:
461:
456:
455:
453:
452:
449:
448:
437:
436:
433:
430:
429:
426:
423:
422:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
381:
375:
374:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
343:
340:
335:
334:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
295:
290:
289:
282:
279:
277:
274:
273:
270:
265:
264:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
243:
240:
235:
234:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
210:
205:
204:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
178:
175:
170:
169:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
135:
132:
127:
126:
119:
116:
115:
112:
107:
106:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
70:
67:
62:
61:
57:
53:
52:
49:
43:
42:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3165:South Africa
2951:Demographics
2899:Homelessness
2869:Architecture
2700:Trade unions
2559:Human rights
2529:Constitution
2426:Biodiversity
2378:
2364:World War II
2334:Zulu Kingdom
2258:South Africa
2215:. Retrieved
2193:The Guardian
2192:
2176:
2171:
2163:
2154:
2142:
2138:
2121:
2116:
2097:
2084:
2071:
2063:
2054:
2042:
2038:
2019:
2006:
1994:
1990:
1978:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1927:. Retrieved
1925:. 2024-05-29
1922:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1856:
1850:, 2018-02-27
1847:
1842:
1828:
1817:. Retrieved
1813:
1803:
1792:. Retrieved
1782:
1768:
1759:
1750:
1744:. TimesLive.
1735:
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1698:
1686:. Retrieved
1682:
1672:
1660:. Retrieved
1656:
1646:
1634:. Retrieved
1630:the original
1625:
1616:
1605:. Retrieved
1600:
1590:
1579:. Retrieved
1574:
1564:
1553:. Retrieved
1549:the original
1539:
1527:. Retrieved
1513:
1501:. Retrieved
1487:
1478:
1466:. Retrieved
1455:
1447:the Guardian
1446:
1436:
1425:. Retrieved
1414:
1403:. Retrieved
1399:the original
1388:
1369:
1363:
1352:. Retrieved
1348:the original
1333:
1321:. Retrieved
1316:
1307:
1298:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1255:
1244:. Retrieved
1235:
1224:. Retrieved
1220:the original
1210:
1198:. Retrieved
1193:
1184:
1173:. Retrieved
1171:. 2021-05-26
1163:
1151:criticised.
1140:
1128:
1108:
1101:
1097:
1073:
1049:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1009:
1005:white people
992:
973:
964:
949:
924:
906:
894:Western Cape
883:
848:
833:
821:
798:
783:
767:
765:
757:
752:
740:
725:
713:
687:
675:South Africa
672:
629:
614:
606:
594:constitution
587:
548:
524:
484:
483:
438:
394:LGBT history
338:
281:World War II
251:Jameson Raid
131:Zulu Kingdom
66:Pre-colonial
47:South Africa
3055:Cape Malays
2776:Immigration
2627:Agriculture
2448:Earthquakes
2329:Cape Colony
2309:Kaditshwene
2010:Fin24.com,
1966:www.bbc.com
1710:13 February
1657:The Citizen
1626:The Citizen
1276:Habib, Adam
1085:New Zealand
683:Thabo Mbeki
610:P. W. Botha
567:Thabo Mbeki
301:Legislation
276:World War I
181:Cape Colony
98:Kaditshwene
45:History of
3819:Categories
3033:Afrikaners
3021:San people
2904:Literature
2851:Xenophobia
2771:Healthcare
2751:Disability
2674:(currency)
2579:Parliament
2554:Government
2539:Corruption
2374:Border War
2185:0620537256
1929:2024-06-20
1867:City Press
1819:2018-08-23
1794:2018-02-15
1607:2014-06-05
1581:2014-06-05
1555:2009-05-09
1427:2009-02-25
1405:2009-02-25
1354:2008-10-28
1342:. London:
1246:2009-04-02
1226:2009-03-25
1175:2021-07-30
1155:References
998:farms via
898:Jacob Zuma
794:Jacob Zuma
778:See also:
732:Jacob Zuma
694:opposition
491:to one of
316:Bantustans
3171:–present)
3045:Coloureds
2791:Languages
2756:Education
2705:Transport
2637:Companies
2589:President
2544:Elections
2493:Provinces
2453:Estuaries
2443:Districts
2414:Geography
2369:Apartheid
1529:5 January
1503:5 January
1323:7 October
1081:Australia
936:ANC youth
790:Polokwane
728:arms deal
677:held its
673:In 1999,
664:Cape Town
636:Springbok
602:catharsis
525:born-free
489:apartheid
294:Apartheid
239:Boer Wars
3107:Category
3016:Khoekhoe
2894:HIV/AIDS
2816:Religion
2781:Intersex
2761:Feminism
2741:Cannabis
2690:Taxation
2594:timeline
2574:Military
2517:Politics
2503:Wildlife
2400:Military
2388:By topic
2324:Ndwandwe
2282:Timeline
2262:articles
2127:Archived
2106:Archived
2027:Archived
1923:PBS News
1905:BBC News
1662:29 April
1636:27 April
1523:BBC News
1497:BBC News
1278:(2013).
1112:Marikana
1012:election
721:Zimbabwe
660:Iraq War
551:election
425:Timeline
36:a series
34:Part of
3091:Outline
3072:Chinese
3067:Indians
3060:Griquas
3038:British
3011:Khoisan
2964:Ndebele
2884:Cuisine
2861:Culture
2831:Smoking
2806:Poverty
2729:Society
2695:Tourism
2632:Banking
2615:Economy
2463:Islands
2458:Forests
2431:Climate
2395:Economy
2270:History
1468:15 June
984:elected
938:leader
784:At the
579:poverty
414:Slavery
3112:Portal
3028:Whites
2989:Tswana
2984:Tsonga
2929:Sports
2879:Cinema
2811:Racism
2766:Health
2652:Energy
2534:Courts
2498:Rivers
2260:
2183:
1683:News24
1376:
1286:
1200:24 May
1194:News24
1122:, and
1120:Lonmin
519:, and
495:. The
38:on the
3161:Years
3098:Index
2999:Xhosa
2994:Venda
2979:Swazi
2974:Sotho
2914:Music
2909:Media
2846:Women
2746:Crime
2672:Rand
2468:Lakes
2287:Years
2217:3 May
2213:. BBC
1688:2 May
378:Topic
3804:2024
3799:2023
3794:2022
3789:2021
3784:2020
3779:2019
3774:2018
3769:2017
3764:2016
3759:2015
3754:2014
3749:2013
3744:2012
3739:2011
3734:2010
3729:2009
3724:2008
3719:2007
3714:2006
3709:2005
3704:2004
3699:2003
3694:2002
3689:2001
3676:2000
3671:1999
3666:1998
3661:1997
3656:1996
3651:1995
3646:1994
3641:1993
3636:1992
3631:1991
3626:1990
3621:1989
3616:1988
3611:1987
3606:1986
3601:1985
3596:1984
3591:1983
3586:1982
3581:1981
3576:1980
3571:1979
3566:1978
3561:1977
3556:1976
3551:1975
3546:1974
3541:1973
3536:1972
3531:1971
3526:1970
3521:1969
3516:1968
3511:1967
3506:1966
3501:1965
3496:1964
3491:1963
3486:1962
3481:1961
3476:1960
3471:1959
3466:1958
3461:1957
3456:1956
3451:1955
3446:1954
3441:1953
3436:1952
3431:1951
3426:1950
3421:1949
3416:1948
3411:1947
3406:1946
3401:1945
3396:1944
3391:1943
3386:1942
3381:1941
3376:1940
3371:1939
3366:1938
3361:1937
3356:1936
3351:1935
3346:1934
3341:1933
3336:1932
3331:1931
3326:1930
3321:1929
3316:1928
3311:1927
3306:1926
3301:1925
3296:1924
3291:1923
3286:1922
3281:1921
3276:1920
3271:1919
3266:1918
3261:1917
3256:1916
3251:1915
3246:1914
3241:1913
3236:1912
3231:1911
3226:1910
3221:1909
3216:1908
3211:1907
3206:1906
3201:1905
3196:1904
3191:1903
3186:1902
3181:1901
3169:1901
3004:Zulu
2969:Pedi
2888:wine
2796:LGBT
2219:2019
2181:ISBN
1712:2018
1690:2017
1664:2017
1638:2017
1531:2010
1505:2010
1470:2005
1374:ISBN
1325:2006
1284:ISBN
1202:2013
1064:GOOD
1062:and
1034:The
982:was
925:The
861:and
741:The
569:and
521:2019
517:2014
513:2009
509:2004
505:1999
3163:in
2874:Art
2564:Law
2062:,
1997:,
1423:IOL
1317:BBC
788:at
717:HIV
666:on
662:in
3821::
2191:,
2162:,
2145:,
1981:,
1964:.
1946:.
1921:.
1903:.
1883:.
1865:.
1812:.
1758:.
1681:.
1655:.
1624:.
1599:.
1573:.
1521:.
1495:.
1445:.
1315:.
1192:.
1118:,
1087:,
1083:,
1066:.
1058:,
962:.
865:.
857:,
750:.
565:.
515:,
511:,
507:,
3167:(
3146:e
3139:t
3132:v
2890:)
2886:(
2250:e
2243:t
2236:v
2221:.
2045:,
1968:.
1950:.
1932:.
1889:.
1869:.
1822:.
1797:.
1776:.
1714:.
1692:.
1666:.
1640:.
1610:.
1584:.
1558:.
1533:.
1507:.
1472:.
1459:"
1449:.
1430:.
1408:.
1382:.
1357:.
1327:.
1292:.
1249:.
1229:.
1204:.
1178:.
473:e
466:t
459:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
