677:
760:
1081:
1858:(ERS) attributes the trend to average annual population increases of 75 million people around the world. Geographically, economic growth in Asia and Latin America greatly contributed to the increased use of potash-based fertilizer. Rising incomes in developing countries also were a factor in the growing potash and fertilizer use. With more money in the household budget, consumers added more meat and dairy products to their diets. This shift in eating patterns required more acres to be planted, more fertilizer to be applied and more animals to be fed—all requiring more potash.
1893:
November 2011 were about US$ 470 per tonne, but as of May 2013 were stable at US$ 393. After the surprise breakup of the world's largest potash cartel at the end of July 2013, potash prices were poised to drop some 20 percent. At the end of
December 2015, potash traded for US$ 295 a tonne. In April 2016 its price was US$ 269. In May 2017, prices had stabilised at around US$ 216 a tonne down 18% from the previous year. By January 2018, prices have been recovering to around US$ 225 a tonne. World potash demand tends to be price inelastic in the short-run and even in the long run.
1246:
982:
439:
1411:
1477:
3986:
1378:
711:
1510:
1048:
1180:
1147:
1213:
1114:
1444:
1312:
1345:
1015:
4008:
423:
1279:
3996:
45:
2461:
3181:
3244:
830:
Potash deposits are distributed unevenly throughout the world. As of 2015, deposits are being mined in Canada, Russia, China, Belarus, Israel, Germany, Chile, the United States, Jordan, Spain, the United
Kingdom, Uzbekistan and Brazil, with the most significant deposits present under the great depths
589:
By the 18th century, higher quality
American potash was increasingly exported to Britain. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, potash production provided settlers in North America badly needed cash and credit as they cleared wooded land for crops. To make full use of their land, settlers needed
806:
reagents are then added to either the mined or evaporated solutions. The amine coats the KCl but not NaCl. Air bubbles cling to the amine + KCl and float it to the surface while the NaCl and clay sink to the bottom. The surface is skimmed for the amine + KCl, which is then dried and packaged for use
788:
deposits and are often buried deep below the earth's surface. Potash ores are typically rich in potassium chloride (KCl), sodium chloride (NaCl) and other salts and clays, and are typically obtained by conventional shaft mining with the extracted ore ground into a powder. Most potash mines today are
1842:
by mass and is the seventh most abundant element, similar in abundance to sodium at approximately 1.8% of the crust. Potash is important for agriculture because it improves water retention, yield, nutrient value, taste, color, texture and disease resistance of food crops. It has wide application to
1892:
At the beginning of 2008, potash prices started a meteoric climb from less than US$ 200 a tonne to a high of US$ 875 in
February 2009. These subsequently dropped dramatically to an April 2010 low of US$ 310 level, before recovering in 2011–12, and relapsing again in 2013. For reference, prices in
721:
In 1964 the
Canadian company Kalium Chemicals established the first potash mine using the solution process. The discovery was made during oil reserve exploration. The mine was developed near Regina, Saskatchewan. The mine reached depths greater than 1500 meters. It is now the Mosaic Corporation's
751:
border. The estimated reserves in Musely and
Crescent are 173 and 12 million tonnes respectively. The latter is particularly suitable for surface mining. It was explored in the 1960s but the works stopped due to flooding in 1967. Attempts to continue mining in the 1990s were halted by the
531:
Potash became an important international trade commodity in Europe from at least the early 14th century. It is estimated that
European imports of potash required 6 or more million cubic metres each year from the early 17th century. Between 1420 and 1620, the primary exporting cities for
455:. After the water evaporated, the potassium salts crystallized into beds of potash ore. These are the locations where potash is being mined today. The deposits are a naturally occurring mixture of potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl), more commonly known as
858:, has deposits 90+% pure; the only mine there was converted to salt production, however.) Canada is the largest producer, followed by Russia and Belarus. The most significant reserve of Canada's potash is located in the province of Saskatchewan and is mined by
1835:(about 90% of current use). Fertilizer use is the main driver behind potash consumption, especially for its use in fertilizing crops that contribute to high-protein diets. As of at least 2010, more than 95% of potash is mined for use in agricultural purposes.
606:– nearly the same rate as hiring a laborer to clear the same area. Potash making became a major industry in British North America. Great Britain was always the most important market. The American potash industry followed the woodsman's ax across the country.
793:. In above-ground processing plants, the KCl is separated from the mixture to produce a high-analysis potassium fertilizer. Other potassium salts can be separated by various procedures, resulting in potassium sulfate and potassium-magnesium sulfate.
3241:
801:
Other methods include dissolution mining and evaporation methods from brines. In the evaporation method, hot water is injected into the potash, which is dissolved and then pumped to the surface where it is concentrated by solar induced evaporation.
2056:"On some new phenomena of chemical changes produced by electricity, in particular the decomposition of the fixed alkalies, and the exhibition of the new substances that constitute their bases; and on the general nature of alkaline bodies"
1925:. Potassium hydroxide is used for industrial water treatment and is the precursor of potassium carbonate, several forms of potassium phosphate, many other potassic chemicals, and soap manufacturing. Potassium carbonate is used to produce
548:. In the late 15th century, London was the lead importer due to its position as the centre of soft soap making while the Dutch dominated as suppliers and consumers in the 16th century. From the 1640s, geopolitical disruptions (i.e.
1864:
The world's largest consumers of potash are China, the United States, Brazil, and India. Brazil imports 90% of the potash it needs. Potash consumption for fertilizers is expected to increase to about 37.8 million tonnes by 2022.
663:
From 1767, potash from wood ashes was exported from Canada. By 1811, 70% of the total 19.6 million lbs of potash imports to
Britain came from Canada. Exports of potash and pearl ash reached 43,958 barrels in 1865. There were 519
528:. Although methods for producing artificial alkalis were invented in the late 18th century, these did not become economical until the late 19th century and so the dependence on organic sources of potash remained.
2649:
1577:. Based on a study conducted between 1977 and 1987 of cardiovascular disease among potash workers, the overall mortality rates were low, but a noticeable difference in above-ground workers was documented.
3214:
650:
After about 1820, New York replaced New
England as the most important source; by 1840 the center was in Ohio. Potash production was always a by-product industry, following from the need to clear land for
699:, Canada, during oil drilling. Active exploration began in 1951. In 1958, the Potash Company of America became the first potash producer in Canada with the commissioning of an underground potash mine at
1861:
After years of trending upward, fertilizer use slowed in 2008. The worldwide economic downturn is the primary reason for the declining fertilizer use, dropping prices, and mounting inventories.
692:. In the early 20th century, the potash industry was dominated by a cartel in which Germany had the dominant role. This cartel ended as new potash producers emerged in the USSR and Canada.
219:
can be recovered as potash. Later, "potash" became widely applied to naturally occurring minerals that contained potassium salts and the commercial product derived from them.
2668:
1621:
917:
2977:
2646:
581:, production starting "possibly as early as 1719" and lasting for a century. The products were "eagerly sought after by the glass and soap industries of the time."
215:
the ashes, and then evaporating the resulting solution in large iron pots, which left a white residue denominated "pot ash". Approximately 10% by weight of common
2946:
153:. Various kinds of fertilizer-potash constitute the single greatest industrial use of the element potassium in the world. Potassium was first derived in 1807 by
2108:
2774:
2501:
Paul Warde, 'Trees, Trade and
Textiles: Potash Imports and Ecological Dependency in British Industry, c. 1550–1770', Past & Present, 240, 1, 2018, 47–82
3003:
703:. As numerous potash producers in Canada developed, the Saskatchewan government became increasingly involved in the industry, leading to the creation of
1838:
Elemental potassium does not occur in nature because it reacts violently with water. As part of various compounds, potassium makes up about 2.6% of the
3066:
2146:
2385:
902:
169:
Potash refers to potassium compounds and potassium-bearing materials, most commonly potassium carbonate. The word "potash" originates from the
2440:
789:
deep shaft mines as much as 4,400 feet (1,400 m) underground. Others are mined as strip mines, having been laid down in horizontal layers as
598:, which could either be used to make soap or boiled down to produce valuable potash. Hardwood could generate ashes at the rate of 60 to 100
430:
was issued for an improvement "in the making of Pot ash and Pearl ash by a new Apparatus and Process"; it was signed by then President
2962:
1984:
No substitutes exist for potassium as an essential plant nutrient and as an essential nutritional requirement for animals and humans.
3259:
676:
590:
to dispose of excess wood. The easiest way to accomplish this was to burn any wood not needed for fuel or construction. Ashes from
2665:
3286:
1851:
2688:
2511:
726:
602:
per acre (500 to 900 m/km). In 1790, the sale of ashes could generate $ 3.25 to $ 6.25 per acre ($ 800 to $ 1,500/km) in rural
3254:
1901:
In addition to its use as a fertilizer, potassium chloride is important in many industrialized economies, where it is used in
2928:
2895:
2588:
2303:
3227:
2974:
2943:
1992:(greensand) are low-potassium-content sources that can be profitably transported only short distances to crop fields.
1976:
electrodes. These non-fertilizer uses have accounted for about 15% of annual potash consumption in the United States.
839:, Canada. Canada and Russia are the countries where the bulk of potash is produced; Belarus is also a major producer.
295:
O form), however, to allow apples-to-apples comparison between different fertilizers using different types of potash.
2750:
2719:
2631:
2188:
92:
17:
3185:
3023:
Rawashdeh, Rami Al; Xavier-Oliveira, Emanuel; Maxwell, Philip (2016). "The potash market and its future prospects".
2604:
549:
4037:
3533:
3199:
3156:
2863:
2484:
2332:
730:
2539:
4011:
4000:
3190:
2041:
3000:
843:
459:. Over time, as the surface of the earth changed, these deposits were covered by thousands of feet of earth.
4047:
3070:
890:
737:
potash producers entered into direct competition with producers elsewhere in the world for the first time.
2321:
556:, Russia. In 1700, Russian ash was dominant though Gdańsk remained notable for the quality of its potash.
3424:
3279:
2237:
832:
685:
222:
The following table lists a number of potassium compounds that have "potash" in their traditional names:
2766:
3553:
3548:
2087:
885:. Geological expeditions discovered the reserves in the 1950s but commercial exploitation lagged until
753:
715:
49:
3104:
3924:
3521:
2404:
2362:
2280:
1855:
619:
2577:
China's Vulnerability Paradox: How the World's Largest Consumer Transformed Global Commodity Markets
3889:
3828:
3329:
2353:
J. W. Turrentine (1934). "Composition of Potash Fertilizer Salts for Sale on the American Market".
855:
759:
615:
427:
2920:
2437:
3909:
3489:
3091:
2580:
1938:
38:
1591:
642:
to produce potash that was used in making soap for the preparation of wool for yarn production.
3989:
3479:
3474:
3272:
2855:
1573:, has been a concern for potash miners throughout history. Potash miners are liable to develop
851:
404:
3232:
2742:
818:. During extraction of salt from seawater by evaporation, potassium salts get concentrated in
4062:
3626:
3528:
2055:
631:
2912:
2711:
2256:
622:
for an improvement "in the making of Pot ash and Pearl ash by a new Apparatus and Process".
516:
Potash was one of the most important industrial chemicals. It was refined from the ashes of
4042:
3374:
3032:
2275:
847:
480:
212:
149:
equivalent) per year as of 2021, with Canada being the largest producer, mostly for use in
3130:
2795:
Wild, Pascal; Moulin, Jean-Jacques; Ley, François-Xavier; Schaffer, Paul (16 April 1995).
8:
3772:
2913:
2180:
1902:
1876:, although fertilizer never contains potassium oxide, per se, because potassium oxide is
1586:
Production of potash and reserves at some current mines (being <2% of global reserves)
595:
323:
303:
240:
179:
158:
3036:
4052:
3689:
2834:
2818:
2400:
1961:
1934:
898:
859:
684:
The wood-ash industry declined in the late 19th century when large-scale production of
500:. One of the world's largest deposits, 140 to 150 million tons, is located in the
357:
342:
252:
2424:, from the Agronomists of the Potash & Phosphate Institute, Winter 2001–2002, No.7
2309:. New Orleans, LA: 50th Anniversary Meeting The Fertilizer Industry Round Table. 2000.
901:
sixfold, from less than 40,000 t (39,000 long tons; 44,000 short tons) a year at
893:
in the 1980s. The 1989 opening of the Qinghai Potash Fertilizer Factory in the remote
3954:
3899:
3719:
3439:
3394:
3048:
2924:
2891:
2826:
2813:
2796:
2746:
2715:
2685:
2627:
2584:
2184:
734:
517:
431:
383:
368:
268:
256:
3044:
2838:
2540:
Patent X1: the making of Pot ash and Pearl ash by a new Apparatus and Process (1790)
467:
Potash (especially potassium carbonate) has been used in bleaching textiles, making
3944:
3939:
3929:
3894:
3848:
3558:
3414:
3319:
3040:
2808:
2366:
2067:
2016:
1953:
1847:
and cotton, all of which benefit from the nutrient's quality-enhancing properties.
1839:
878:
807:
as a K rich fertilizer—KCl dissolves readily in water and is available quickly for
790:
744:
501:
451:
Most of the world reserves of potassium (K) were deposited as sea water in ancient
101:
66:
3409:
4032:
3959:
3464:
3248:
3007:
2981:
2950:
2736:
2705:
2692:
2672:
2653:
2519:
2444:
2173:
1922:
1825:
808:
764:
438:
280:
142:
4057:
3884:
3863:
3858:
3843:
3734:
3538:
2885:
2011:
1914:
1910:
1416:
819:
603:
287:
O), which plants do not take up. The amount of potassium is often reported as K
121:
120:
soaked in water in a pot, the primary means of manufacturing potash before the
53:
725:
The USSR's potash production had largely been for domestic use and use in the
4026:
3914:
3833:
3823:
3729:
3684:
3677:
3344:
3052:
1745:
1251:
909:
to just under 240,000 t (240,000 long tons; 260,000 short tons) a year.
886:
877:, most potash deposits are concentrated in the deserts and salt flats of the
700:
525:
2797:"Mortality from Cardiovascular Diseases among Potash Miners Exposed to Heat"
1917:, snow and ice melting, steel heat-treating, in medicine as a treatment for
541:
3818:
3767:
3704:
3641:
3454:
3419:
3384:
3359:
2684:
Quick Guide to Potash. (2013, June 14). Retrieved September 29, 2015, from
2205:
2072:
1843:
fruit and vegetables, rice, wheat and other grains, sugar, corn, soybeans,
1482:
894:
836:
696:
452:
170:
154:
2953:. ASX Release (14 November 2008). activex.com.au. Retrieved on 2013-06-21.
2830:
2232:
928:, but on July 30, 2013, Uralkali announced that it had ended the venture.
814:
Recovery of potassium fertilizer salts from sea water has been studied in
3964:
3949:
3934:
3598:
3484:
3339:
2608:
1973:
1957:
1926:
1918:
1906:
1881:
921:
854:(near the Carlsbad deposits), which is believed to be roughly 80% pure. (
652:
627:
553:
505:
2370:
743:
In the beginning of the 20th century, potash deposits were found in the
3787:
3754:
3636:
3613:
3506:
3429:
3389:
3324:
3217:, J.B Lyons Company, Albany, NY, Section "Making Potash" pp. 27–29
2822:
1989:
1965:
1877:
1832:
1821:
1383:
932:
768:
635:
476:
456:
208:
150:
52:
for reference. (The coin is 19 mm (0.75 in) in diameter and
3797:
3792:
3672:
3667:
3621:
3603:
3511:
3434:
3379:
3369:
3364:
2886:
Arnold F. Holleman, Egon Wiberg and Nils Wiberg (1985). "Potassium".
2006:
1850:
Demand for food and animal feed has been on the rise since 2000. The
1574:
935:
and transporting it requires special transportation infrastructure.
785:
710:
126:
105:
2132:
Chemically pure KCl (96% of world potash capacity) contains 63.17% K
1565:
Excessive respiratory disease due to environmental hazards, such as
537:
442:
A covered hopper car in a Canadian train for shipping potash by rail
137:
Potash is produced worldwide in amounts exceeding 71.9 million
3970:
3904:
3813:
3782:
3762:
3744:
3724:
3714:
3694:
3646:
3593:
3576:
3516:
3494:
3444:
2001:
1949:
1844:
1817:
1570:
925:
913:
704:
591:
578:
533:
497:
216:
204:
117:
173:
3879:
3853:
3777:
3588:
3581:
3543:
3501:
2122:(3): 6. 1998 – via International Plant Nutrition Institute.
1942:
1693:
1667:
1515:
1119:
1053:
882:
863:
748:
689:
639:
31:
3264:
422:
3739:
3699:
3404:
3399:
3314:
3303:
3105:"Potash prices head for 20 pct drop after cartel disintegrates"
3022:
1985:
1969:
1930:
1771:
1719:
1706:
1654:
1641:
1350:
1185:
1152:
1020:
987:
906:
665:
599:
570:
521:
109:
3215:"Historical Sketches of Franklin County And Its Several Towns"
2432:
2430:
44:
3919:
3651:
3631:
3449:
3349:
3334:
3092:
5 Year Potash Prices and Potash Price Charts – InvestmentMine
1758:
1732:
1680:
1566:
1284:
1218:
1086:
874:
815:
803:
796:
468:
138:
2707:
An Introduction to Saline Lakes on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
552:) meant that the centres of export moved from the Baltic to
3354:
3295:
2427:
1945:
1829:
1816:
Potassium is the third major plant and crop nutrient after
1449:
1317:
912:
In 2013, almost 70% of potash production was controlled by
867:
574:
545:
472:
2607:. Ministry of Mines and Energy of Ethiopia. Archived from
84:
75:
3709:
3069:. Potash Investing news. February 5, 2009. Archived from
2060:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
1606:
747:
in the Musely and Crescent localities near the Ethiopean-
178:, denoting "pot ashes" in 1477. The old method of making
81:
2767:"Potash sector rocked as Russia's Uralkali quits cartel"
520:
and produced primarily in the forested areas of Europe,
2666:
Recovery of Potassium Fertiliser Salts from Sea Bittern
850:, New Mexico, to the world's purest potash deposit in
3094:. Infomine.com (2013-05-31). Retrieved on 2013-06-21.
2996:
2994:
2944:
Potash Price Close to all time highs – Future Outlook
2919:(2 ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. p.
2794:
2304:"The World Potash Industry: Past, Present and Future"
1594:
93:
784:
All commercial potash deposits come originally from
78:
72:
3010:. Potassiodobrasil.com.br. Retrieved on 2013-06-21.
2438:
Origin and occurrence of commercial potash deposits
291:
O equivalent (that is, how much it would be if in K
69:
2991:
2890:(in German) (91–100 ed.). Walter de Gruyter.
2738:Potash: Deposits, Processing, Properties, and Uses
2686:http://www.geoalcali.com/en/quick-guide-to-potash/
2597:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2172:
1909:industry to produce potassium hydroxide, in metal
1868:Potash imports and exports are often reported in K
1615:
496:Beginning in the 14th century potash was mined in
2710:, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, p.
2383:
2203:
671:
4024:
2352:
779:
2490:
2478:
2254:
2647:Potassium Fertilizer Production and Technology
2319:
3280:
2605:"Minerals for Agricultural Industrialization"
3255:World Agriculture and Fertilizer Markets Map
846:deposit includes the major mines outside of
714:A postcard of the Kalium Chemicals plant in
2728:
916:, an exporting and marketing firm, and the
3287:
3273:
3251:, issued for a method of potash production
2879:
2656:. International Plant Nutrition Institute.
2579:. New York, NY, United States of America:
2088:"Production and use of potassium chloride"
797:Dissolution mining and evaporation methods
100:) includes various mined and manufactured
2910:
2904:
2856:"Potash Mineral Commodity Summaries 2023"
2812:
2071:
920:. The latter was a joint venture between
3228:They Burned the Woods and Sold the Ashes
2675:. Tifac.org.in. Retrieved on 2013-06-21.
1948:, pharmaceutical preparations, and as a
758:
709:
680:Global imports/exports of potash in 1937
675:
437:
421:
43:
3237:, Invention & Technology, Fall 1990
3157:"Potash Prices and Potash Price Charts"
3131:"Potash Prices and Potash Price Charts"
3018:
3016:
2734:
2621:
2570:
2568:
2487:. Photius.com. Retrieved on 2013-06-21.
2250:
2248:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
1852:United States Department of Agriculture
1560:
939:List of countries by potash production
881:of its western provinces, particularly
446:
14:
4025:
2741:, London: Chapman & Hall, p.
2574:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2504:
2384:Joseph R. Heckman (January 17, 2002).
2355:Industrial & Engineering Chemistry
2170:
822:, an effluent from the salt industry.
727:Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
609:
511:
3268:
3260:Russia reaps rich harvest with potash
2975:"Potash global review: tunnel vision"
2850:
2848:
2703:
2270:
2268:
2266:
479:. Potash was principally obtained by
3995:
3013:
2697:
2245:
2204:van der Sijs i.a., Nicoline (2010).
2053:
2028:
486:
4007:
2545:
2197:
1941:, and textiles. It is also used in
251:); c. 1950 any one or more of
24:
3207:
2845:
2263:
2230:
1956:manufacturing. Also combined with
695:In 1943, potash was discovered in
618:of any kind was issued in 1790 to
25:
4074:
3294:
3221:
2888:Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie
2624:Management of Agricultural Inputs
2320:Dennis Kostick (September 2006).
2109:"Production and Use of Potassium"
594:trees could then be used to make
203:) was by collecting or producing
4006:
3994:
3985:
3984:
3184: This article incorporates
3179:
2814:10.1097/00001648-199505000-00009
2735:Garrett, Donald Everett (1996),
1508:
1475:
1442:
1409:
1376:
1343:
1310:
1277:
1244:
1211:
1178:
1145:
1112:
1079:
1046:
1013:
980:
897:increased China's production of
763:Potash evaporation ponds at the
756:and have not resumed as of 2009.
584:
491:
65:
3534:Oriented structural straw board
3200:United States Geological Survey
3149:
3123:
3097:
3085:
3067:"Potash Prices Are Record High"
3059:
3045:10.1016/j.resourpol.2016.01.011
2968:
2956:
2937:
2864:United States Geological Survey
2788:
2777:from the original on 2015-09-24
2759:
2678:
2659:
2640:
2626:. Agrotech Publishing Academy.
2615:
2533:
2518:. Sigurd Towrie. Archived from
2454:
2377:
2346:
2333:United States Geological Survey
2313:
2296:
2175:Humphry Davy: Science and Power
645:
559:
48:Polycrystalline potash, with a
2386:"Potash Terminology and Facts"
2224:
2179:. Oxford: Blackwell. pp.
2164:
2139:
2126:
2101:
2095:International Potash Institute
2080:
2047:
1979:
1811:
1580:
672:20th century industrialization
365:Nitrate of potash or saltpeter
164:
13:
1:
2206:"POTAS (SCHEIKUNDIG ELEMENT)"
2044:, USGS 2008 Minerals Yearbook
2022:
1896:
825:
780:Shaft mining and strip mining
462:
3213:Seaver, Frederick J. (1918)
3119:– via www.reuters.com.
2911:Greenwood, Norman N (1997).
2449:Academy of Sciences for 1951
891:Reform and Opening Up Policy
626:was a purer quality made by
550:Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
360:(KCl:NaCl = 95:5 or higher)
300:Caustic potash or potash lye
112:form. The name derives from
7:
2462:"Potash | Encyclopedia.com"
2238:Online Etymology Dictionary
2151:natural-resources.canada.ca
1995:
1804:
1801:
1791:
1788:
1778:
1775:
1765:
1762:
1752:
1749:
1739:
1736:
1726:
1723:
1713:
1710:
1700:
1697:
1687:
1684:
1674:
1671:
1661:
1658:
1648:
1645:
1616:{\displaystyle {\ce {K2O}}}
950:Extraction in metric tons K
833:Prairie Evaporite Formation
564:
10:
4079:
3925:Non-timber forest products
3549:Structural insulated panel
1887:
1625:(2021, in million tonnes)
716:Belle Plaine, Saskatchewan
483:the ashes of land plants.
417:
36:
29:
3980:
3872:
3806:
3753:
3660:
3612:
3569:
3463:
3302:
2915:Chemistry of the Elements
2393:Plant & Pest Advisory
2363:American Chemical Society
2281:The Canadian Encyclopedia
1856:Economic Research Service
1824:. It has been used since
949:
946:
943:
918:Belarusian Potash Company
774:
688:salts was established in
658:
238:
3890:Destructive distillation
2575:Massot, Pascale (2024).
2512:"Kelp Burning in Orkney"
856:Osceola County, Michigan
577:ash provided potash and
231:Chemical name (Formula)
30:Not to be confused with
3910:Green building and wood
2963:Potash Around the World
2704:Zheng Mianping (1997),
2622:Alikhan, Irfan (2014).
2581:Oxford University Press
731:dissolution of the USSR
380:Sulfate of potash (SOP)
354:Muriate of potash (MOP)
174:
39:Potash (disambiguation)
4038:Agricultural chemicals
3554:Wood–plastic composite
3480:Glued laminated timber
3475:Cross-laminated timber
3186:public domain material
2329:2005 Minerals Handbook
2171:Knight, David (1992).
2073:10.1098/rstl.1808.0001
2054:Davy, Humphry (1808).
1939:photographic chemicals
1617:
852:Lea County, New Mexico
771:
754:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
718:
681:
668:in operation in 1871.
471:, ceramic, and making
443:
435:
405:potassium permanganate
400:Permanganate of potash
141:(~45.4 million tonnes
57:
3627:Corrugated fiberboard
3529:Oriented strand board
3242:The First U.S. Patent
2255:Stephen M. Jasinski.
1964:, sometimes known as
1618:
762:
729:countries. After the
713:
679:
632:reverberatory furnace
441:
425:
47:
4012:WikiProject Forestry
2965:. southernstates.com
2466:www.encyclopedia.com
1805:>3,300 (100.00%)
1592:
1561:Occupational hazards
447:Origin of potash ore
312:Carbonate of potash,
37:For other uses, see
4048:Industrial minerals
3773:Ramial chipped wood
3037:2016RePol..47..154R
2986:Industrial Minerals
2542:. en.wikisource.org
2403:: 3. Archived from
2371:10.1021/ie50299a022
1903:aluminium recycling
1626:
1608:
940:
722:Belle Plaine unit.
686:potash from mineral
610:The first US patent
534:wood-derived potash
512:Wood-derived potash
324:potassium carbonate
304:potassium hydroxide
241:potassium carbonate
207:(the occupation of
180:potassium carbonate
159:potassium hydroxide
157:of caustic potash (
3690:Cellulosic ethanol
3247:2016-04-15 at the
3233:Henry M. Paynter,
3111:. 5 September 2013
3006:2010-12-10 at the
2980:2022-03-31 at the
2949:2009-09-18 at the
2691:2015-09-30 at the
2671:2015-06-10 at the
2652:2012-12-02 at the
2443:2010-06-23 at the
2401:Rutgers University
1962:potassium silicate
1935:fire extinguishers
1613:
1596:
1585:
938:
899:potassium chloride
860:The Mosaic Company
772:
719:
682:
638:were once used in
444:
436:
358:potassium chloride
343:potassium chlorate
339:Chlorate of potash
253:potassium chloride
58:
4020:
4019:
3955:Wood preservation
3900:Engineered bamboo
3720:Pyroligneous acid
3073:on March 16, 2009
3001:Supply and Demand
2930:978-0-08-037941-8
2897:978-3-11-007511-3
2590:978-0-19-777140-2
2231:Harper, Douglas.
1937:, food products,
1809:
1808:
1611:
1599:
1558:
1557:
745:Dallol Depression
518:broadleaved trees
487:14th–17th century
432:George Washington
415:
414:
384:potassium sulfate
369:potassium nitrate
269:potassium nitrate
257:potassium sulfate
236:Potash fertilizer
116:, plant ashes or
18:Potash fertilizer
16:(Redirected from
4070:
4010:
4009:
3998:
3997:
3988:
3987:
3945:Timber recycling
3940:Reclaimed lumber
3930:Natural building
3895:Dry distillation
3849:Split-rail fence
3289:
3282:
3275:
3266:
3265:
3235:The First Patent
3203:
3197:
3183:
3182:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3101:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3025:Resources Policy
3020:
3011:
2998:
2989:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2918:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2860:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2816:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2701:
2695:
2682:
2676:
2663:
2657:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2572:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2458:
2452:
2434:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2410:on July 19, 2011
2409:
2390:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2326:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2300:
2294:
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2291:
2289:
2272:
2261:
2260:
2252:
2243:
2242:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2178:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2143:
2137:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2113:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2017:Sodium hydroxide
1954:synthetic rubber
1627:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1597:
1584:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1019:
1017:
1016:
986:
984:
983:
941:
937:
879:endorheic basins
791:sedimentary rock
401:
320:
316:
315:salts of tartar,
313:
225:
224:
202:
201:
200:
192:
191:
177:
130:is derived from
96:
91:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
71:
21:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4016:
3976:
3960:Wood processing
3868:
3802:
3749:
3656:
3608:
3565:
3495:parallel strand
3466:
3459:
3307:
3298:
3293:
3249:Wayback Machine
3224:
3210:
3208:Further reading
3195:
3189:
3180:
3176:
3166:
3164:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3140:
3138:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3112:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3090:
3086:
3076:
3074:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3021:
3014:
3008:Wayback Machine
2999:
2992:
2982:Wayback Machine
2973:
2969:
2961:
2957:
2951:Wayback Machine
2942:
2938:
2931:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2884:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2846:
2793:
2789:
2780:
2778:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2733:
2729:
2722:
2702:
2698:
2693:Wayback Machine
2683:
2679:
2673:Wayback Machine
2664:
2660:
2654:Wayback Machine
2645:
2641:
2634:
2620:
2616:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2573:
2546:
2538:
2534:
2525:
2523:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2491:
2485:Ethiopia Mining
2483:
2479:
2470:
2468:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2445:Wayback Machine
2436:Robert C. Fite
2435:
2428:
2420:Reprinted from
2413:
2411:
2407:
2388:
2382:
2378:
2351:
2347:
2338:
2336:
2324:
2318:
2314:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2284:. March 4, 2015
2274:
2273:
2264:
2253:
2246:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2213:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2169:
2165:
2156:
2154:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2029:
2025:
1998:
1982:
1923:water softening
1899:
1890:
1871:
1814:
1802:46.3 (100.00%)
1785:Other countries
1649:1,100 (33.33%)
1624:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1563:
1509:
1507:
1476:
1474:
1443:
1441:
1410:
1408:
1377:
1375:
1344:
1342:
1311:
1309:
1278:
1276:
1245:
1243:
1212:
1210:
1179:
1177:
1146:
1144:
1113:
1111:
1080:
1078:
1047:
1045:
1014:
1012:
981:
979:
953:
828:
809:plant nutrition
799:
782:
777:
765:Intrepid Potash
740:
707:in the 1970s.
674:
661:
648:
630:of potash in a
612:
587:
567:
562:
514:
494:
489:
465:
449:
420:
410:
399:
393:
389:
374:
348:
333:
329:
318:
314:
311:
294:
290:
286:
281:potassium oxide
274:
266:
262:
250:
246:
199:
196:
195:
194:
190:
187:
186:
185:
183:
167:
146:
94:
68:
64:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4076:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4004:
3992:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3885:Certified wood
3882:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3859:Timber framing
3856:
3851:
3846:
3844:Sawdust brandy
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3759:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3735:Sandalwood oil
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3618:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3539:Particle board
3536:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3504:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
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3427:
3422:
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3407:
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3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
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3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
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3327:
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3311:
3309:
3300:
3299:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3239:
3230:
3223:
3222:External links
3220:
3219:
3218:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3175:
3174:
3148:
3122:
3096:
3084:
3058:
3012:
2990:
2967:
2955:
2936:
2929:
2903:
2896:
2878:
2867:. January 2023
2844:
2807:(3): 243–247.
2787:
2773:. 2013-07-30.
2758:
2751:
2727:
2720:
2696:
2677:
2658:
2639:
2632:
2614:
2611:on 2011-07-20.
2596:
2589:
2544:
2532:
2503:
2489:
2477:
2453:
2426:
2376:
2345:
2335:. p. 58.1
2312:
2295:
2262:
2244:
2223:
2210:Etymologiebank
2196:
2189:
2163:
2147:"Potash facts"
2138:
2133:
2125:
2100:
2079:
2046:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2012:Saltwater soap
2009:
2004:
1997:
1994:
1981:
1978:
1915:drilling fluid
1911:electroplating
1898:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1869:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1794:
1793:
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1777:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1764:
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1689:
1686:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1646:14.2 (28.57%)
1644:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1603:
1582:
1579:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1552:
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1537:
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1417:United Kingdom
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1002:
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990:
977:
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966:
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960:
956:
955:
951:
948:
945:
827:
824:
798:
795:
781:
778:
776:
773:
733:, Russian and
673:
670:
660:
657:
647:
644:
620:Samuel Hopkins
611:
608:
604:New York State
586:
583:
566:
563:
561:
558:
513:
510:
493:
490:
488:
485:
464:
461:
448:
445:
419:
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272:
264:
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237:
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229:
197:
188:
166:
163:
144:
122:Industrial Era
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4075:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
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4031:
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4013:
4005:
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3983:
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3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3915:List of woods
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
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3871:
3865:
3862:
3860:
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3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3824:Billet (wood)
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3685:Hemicellulose
3683:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3410:Railroad ties
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3296:Wood products
3290:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3201:
3194:
3193:
3187:
3178:
3177:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3093:
3088:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3017:
3009:
3005:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2964:
2959:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2940:
2932:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2916:
2907:
2899:
2893:
2889:
2882:
2866:
2865:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2791:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2754:
2752:9789400915459
2748:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2731:
2723:
2721:9789401154581
2717:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2700:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2681:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2662:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2643:
2635:
2633:9789383101474
2629:
2625:
2618:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2592:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2541:
2536:
2522:on 2023-05-14
2521:
2517:
2516:orkneyjar.com
2513:
2507:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2486:
2481:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2423:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2372:
2368:
2365:: 1224–1225.
2364:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2305:
2299:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2258:
2251:
2249:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2227:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2190:9780631168164
2186:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2167:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2104:
2097:. p. 17.
2096:
2089:
2083:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1968:, for use in
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1929:supplements,
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1840:Earth's crust
1836:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1747:
1746:United States
1744:
1743:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1685:6.0 (14.76%)
1682:
1679:
1678:
1675:750 (22.73%)
1672:7.6 (16.48%)
1669:
1666:
1665:
1662:400 (12.12%)
1659:9.1 (17.14%)
1656:
1653:
1652:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1601:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:United States
1242:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
989:
978:
975:
974:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
957:
954:O equivalent
942:
936:
934:
933:water soluble
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
887:Deng Xiaoping
884:
880:
876:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
844:Permian Basin
840:
838:
834:
823:
821:
817:
812:
810:
805:
794:
792:
787:
770:
766:
761:
757:
755:
750:
746:
741:
738:
736:
732:
728:
723:
717:
712:
708:
706:
702:
701:Patience Lake
698:
693:
691:
687:
678:
669:
667:
656:
654:
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
585:North America
582:
580:
576:
572:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
529:
527:
526:North America
523:
519:
509:
507:
503:
499:
492:Potash mining
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
460:
458:
454:
453:inland oceans
440:
433:
429:
424:
406:
403:
398:
397:
385:
382:
379:
378:
370:
367:
364:
363:
359:
356:
353:
352:
344:
341:
338:
337:
325:
322:
310:
309:
305:
302:
299:
298:
282:
278:
270:
258:
254:
242:
239:c. 1942
235:
234:
230:
227:
226:
223:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
181:
176:
172:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
140:
135:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
104:that contain
103:
99:
98:
89:
62:
55:
51:
46:
40:
33:
19:
4063:Types of ash
3999:
3969:
3864:Wooden masts
3838:
3834:Dugout canoe
3819:Bavin (wood)
3768:Black liquor
3705:Liquid smoke
3455:Utility pole
3440:Timber truss
3360:Log building
3234:
3191:
3165:. Retrieved
3163:. 2017-06-05
3160:
3151:
3139:. Retrieved
3137:. 2016-04-30
3134:
3125:
3113:. Retrieved
3108:
3099:
3087:
3075:. Retrieved
3071:the original
3061:
3028:
3024:
2985:
2970:
2958:
2939:
2914:
2906:
2887:
2881:
2869:. Retrieved
2862:
2804:
2801:Epidemiology
2800:
2790:
2779:. Retrieved
2770:
2761:
2737:
2730:
2706:
2699:
2680:
2661:
2642:
2623:
2617:
2609:the original
2599:
2576:
2535:
2524:. Retrieved
2520:the original
2515:
2506:
2480:
2469:. Retrieved
2465:
2456:
2448:
2421:
2412:. Retrieved
2405:the original
2396:
2392:
2379:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2337:. Retrieved
2328:
2315:
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2279:
2236:
2226:
2214:. Retrieved
2209:
2199:
2174:
2166:
2155:. Retrieved
2153:. 2018-01-23
2150:
2141:
2136:O equivalent
2128:
2119:
2116:Better Crops
2115:
2103:
2094:
2082:
2063:
2059:
2049:
1983:
1900:
1891:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1849:
1837:
1815:
1797:
1792:300 (9.09%)
1789:0.4 (0.76%)
1784:
1779:2.3 (0.01%)
1776:0.3 (0.58%)
1763:0.4 (0.79%)
1753:220 (6.67%)
1750:0.5 (1.04%)
1740:100 (3.03%)
1737:0.9 (1.85%)
1724:1.6 (3.37%)
1711:2.4 (5.14%)
1701:150 (4.55%)
1698:2.8 (6.90%)
1688:170 (5.15%)
1564:
1483:Turkmenistan
930:
911:
895:Qarhan Playa
872:
841:
837:Saskatchewan
829:
813:
800:
783:
742:
739:
724:
720:
697:Saskatchewan
694:
683:
662:
649:
646:19th century
623:
613:
588:
568:
560:18th century
530:
515:
504:area of the
495:
475:, since the
466:
450:
276:
221:
171:Middle Dutch
168:
155:electrolysis
136:
131:
125:
113:
60:
59:
27:Salt mixture
4043:Fertilizers
3965:Woodworking
3950:Wood drying
3935:Papermaking
3755:By-products
3661:Derivatives
3599:Pellet fuel
3340:Flitch beam
3141:6 September
3077:October 18,
3031:: 154–163.
2871:6 September
2422:Agri-Briefs
2414:January 29,
1980:Substitutes
1974:arc welding
1960:to produce
1958:silica sand
1927:animal feed
1919:hypokalemia
1913:, oil-well
1907:chloralkali
1882:hygroscopic
1812:Fertilizers
1798:World total
1766:68 (2.06%)
1727:Large (?%)
1714:Large (?%)
1633:Production
1623:equivalent)
1581:Consumption
1554:44,996,384
1551:42,082,195
1548:43,475,523
1545:42,321,610
1542:38,876,258
1004:13,881,665
1001:12,643,318
998:14,023,931
995:12,562,695
992:10,789,662
922:Belaruskali
653:agriculture
636:Potash pits
628:calcination
554:Archangelsk
506:Afar Region
428:U.S. patent
228:Common name
209:ash burners
165:Terminology
124:. The word
4027:Categories
3807:Historical
3788:Wood flour
3637:Paperboard
3507:Fiberboard
3465:Engineered
3325:Bressummer
3167:18 October
2988:, May 2009
2781:2017-07-01
2526:2021-09-20
2471:2022-04-25
2339:2011-01-29
2288:August 31,
2212:(in Dutch)
2157:2023-09-06
2023:References
1990:glauconite
1966:waterglass
1897:Other uses
1874:equivalent
1833:fertilizer
1822:phosphorus
1384:Uzbekistan
1226:1,238,630
1223:1,303,840
1202:1,598,200
1199:1,516,460
1196:1,485,960
1193:1,415,260
1190:1,222,140
1169:2,415,600
1166:2,043,500
1163:2,149,300
1160:2,126,700
1157:2,093,100
1136:2,874,026
1133:2,615,284
1130:2,754,085
1127:2,963,561
1124:2,750,841
1103:5,530,000
1100:5,902,000
1097:5,452,000
1094:5,534,000
1091:5,783,000
1070:7,562,153
1067:7,348,293
1064:7,346,096
1061:7,101,800
1058:6,180,100
1037:8,167,300
1034:7,368,000
1031:7,055,000
1028:7,300,000
1025:6,480,000
931:Potash is
826:Production
769:Moab, Utah
767:mine near
735:Belarusian
614:The first
542:Königsberg
477:Bronze Age
463:Bronze Age
457:table salt
426:The first
151:fertilizer
56:in color.)
50:U.S. penny
4053:Potassium
3829:Clapboard
3798:Woodchips
3793:Wood wool
3673:Cellulose
3668:Birch-tar
3622:Cardboard
3604:Wood fuel
3512:hardboard
3415:Reclaimed
3380:Panelling
3370:Log house
3365:Log cabin
3053:0301-4207
2216:14 August
2007:Saltpeter
1905:, by the
1826:antiquity
1636:Reserves
1588:(both in
1575:silicosis
786:evaporite
634:or kiln.
624:Pearl ash
616:US patent
573:islands,
319:pearl ash
175:potaschen
127:potassium
108:in water-
106:potassium
3990:Category
3971:Yakisugi
3905:Forestry
3873:See also
3814:Axe ties
3783:Tall oil
3763:Barkdust
3745:Wood gas
3725:Pine tar
3715:Methanol
3647:Pulpwood
3594:Firewood
3577:Charcoal
3570:Fuelwood
3517:Masonite
3445:Treenail
3345:Flooring
3245:Archived
3135:InfoMine
3115:16 April
3004:Archived
2978:Archived
2947:Archived
2839:40033328
2775:Archived
2689:Archived
2669:Archived
2650:Archived
2451:, p. 123
2441:Archived
2322:"Potash"
2276:"Potash"
2257:"Potash"
2233:"potash"
2002:Bone ash
1996:See also
1950:catalyst
1845:palm oil
1818:nitrogen
1630:Country
1571:asbestos
1427:291,100
1424:297,400
1421:482,800
1400:210,000
1397:198,400
1394:176,900
1391:114,900
1367:276,600
1364:269,300
1361:201,181
1358:306,296
1355:316,429
1334:442,500
1331:286,900
1328:343,500
1325:307,600
1322:198,600
1301:455,000
1298:547,100
1295:635,490
1292:557,468
1289:672,246
1268:460,000
1265:510,000
1262:520,000
1259:480,000
1256:510,000
1235:966,680
1232:683,540
1229:991,180
947:Country
926:Uralkali
914:Canpotex
848:Carlsbad
749:Eritrean
705:Canpotex
666:asheries
592:hardwood
579:soda ash
565:Kelp ash
498:Ethiopia
481:leaching
279:contain
275:). Does
217:wood ash
213:leaching
205:wood ash
118:wood ash
4001:Commons
3880:Biomass
3854:Tanbark
3778:Sawdust
3589:Firelog
3582:biochar
3544:Plywood
3502:I-joist
3420:Shingle
3375:Molding
3161:ycharts
3109:Reuters
3033:Bibcode
2831:7619930
2823:3702386
2771:Reuters
2743:176–177
2259:. USGS.
1943:brewing
1888:Pricing
1878:caustic
1694:Germany
1668:Belarus
1529:17,800
1516:Bolivia
1499:16,000
1496:11,100
1493:15,200
1466:37,000
1463:37,200
1460:32,900
1457:15,300
1454:10,500
1433:99,260
1430:84,000
1388:83,000
1120:Germany
1054:Belarus
883:Qinghai
864:Nutrien
831:of the
820:bittern
690:Germany
640:England
600:bushels
569:On the
418:History
255:(KCl),
114:pot ash
110:soluble
32:pottage
4033:Potash
3839:Potash
3740:Tannin
3700:Lignin
3614:Fibers
3559:lumber
3485:veneer
3425:Siding
3405:Rafter
3400:Purlin
3315:Batten
3308:timber
3304:Lumber
3192:Potash
3051:
2927:
2894:
2837:
2829:
2821:
2749:
2718:
2630:
2587:
2399:(13).
2361:(11).
2187:
2066:: 32.
2042:Potash
1986:Manure
1970:paints
1931:cement
1921:, and
1772:Brazil
1720:Jordan
1707:Israel
1655:Russia
1642:Canada
1539:Total
1532:4,400
1526:1,700
1513:
1480:
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