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544:, the magazine of the Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant of America denomination, and based on an image of Jesus in a painting by the French artist Leon Augustin Lhermitte, Sallman's "Head of Christ" was painted in 1940. In half a century, it had been produced more than five hundred million times in formats ranging from large-scale copies for use in churches to wallet-sized ones that individuals could carry with them at all times.
354:
Holy cards are popular collectible items. They are small and inexpensive and can be stored safely in plastic sleeves in a binder. Holy card collecting is mostly popular in
Catholic countries. Collectors base their collection on various criteria like a favorite saint, country of issue, issuer, etc.
603:
During the postwar revival of the 1940s and 1950s, as
Protestants and Catholics downplayed denominational differences in order to present a united front against the menace of godless Communism, Sallman's Jesus became far and away the most common image of Jesus in American homes, churches, and
38:
539:
Of these one stands out as having deeply impressed itself of the
American religious consciousness: the "Head of Christ" by artist Warner Sallman (1892-1968). Originally sketched in charcoal as a cover illustration for the
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Special holy cards are printed for
Catholics to be distributed at funerals by the family of the deceased that include the name and usually dates of birth and death of the deceased. These are a particular type of the
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of Roman
Catholics, and in modern times, prayer cards have also become popular among Orthodox Christians and Protestant Christians, although with the latter, biblical themes are emphasized within them.
271:, which stages the event in a bourgeois home; above the fireplace, a print of Christopher carrying the Christ child is tacked to the wall, possibly as a more affordable alternative to a painting.
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made it possible to reproduce coloured images cheaply, leading to a much broader circulation of the cards. An early centre of their manufacture was in the environs of the
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workplaces. Thanks to
Sallman (and the savvy marketing of his distributors), Jesus became instantly recognizable by Americans of all races and religions.
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Protestant prayer cards tended to emphasize biblical themes as opposed to devotional subjects (Leonard
Primiano, personal communication, 2011).
687:
346:, both Catholics and Protestants helped to popularize these cards, presenting "a united front against the menace of godless Communism".
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in
Germany) produced large numbers of cards, and often a single design was printed by different companies in different countries.
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At the end of the nineteenth century, some
Protestants also produced similar images of their own. They produced "Bible cards" or "
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instead of a prayer. Imagery here was always the servant of text, and as such these
Protestant cards tended to be replaced by
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635:
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483:. Manchester: John Rylands Library; p. 15 (gives references to Dodgson: Woodcuts; 2 & Schreiber: Manuel; 1349)
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229:, nearly all on religious subjects, served many of the same functions as holy cards, especially the cheaper
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painting has been printed more than 500 million times, including pocket-sized cards for carrying in a
182:, more modern scenes of religious life or prayer, or sometimes just a Biblical text illuminated by
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233:; the earliest dated surviving example is from 1423, probably from southern Germany, and depicts
186:; these were linked to Biblical passages that related to the image. The reverse typically held a
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Het hemels prentenboek: Devotie- en bidprentjes vanaf de 17e eeuw tot het begin van de 20e eeuw
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In recent years, holy cards have become increasingly popular among Orthodox Christians as well.
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era, "millions of cards featuring the Head of Christ were distributed through the USO by the
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One use of such cards is illustrated in an early 15th-c painting of the Annunciation by
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Being Religious, American Style: A History of Popular Religiosity in the United States
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Catalogue of an Exhibition of Manuscripts and Early Printing Originating in Germany
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Faith in Objects: American Missionary Expositions in the Early Twentieth Century
237:, with handcolouring, it is found as part of the binding of a manuscript of the
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pictures for the use of the faithful that usually depict a religious scene or a
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and Germany also became centres of the manufacture of holy cards, as did
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that emphasized message instead of imagery, and were illustrated with
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in Paris; the lithographed images made there were done in delicate
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The circulation of these cards is an important part of the visual
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Holy card collection, University of Dayton Special Collections
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to members of the American armed forces stationed overseas".
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were more commonly used. Some had elaborate borders of paper
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in the twentieth century. Catholic printing houses (such as
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colours, and proved extremely influential on later designs.
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37:
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American Jesus: How the Son of God Became a National Icon
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Andachtsbildchen: Kleinode privater Frömmigkeitskultur
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174:cards", with lithographed illustrations depicting
41:A German holy card from around 1910 depicting the
457:. John Rylands University Library. Archived from
669:
641:Dipasqua, Sandra & Calamari, Barbara (2004)
621:Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices
198:-like images if they were illustrated at all.
222:is in the top right, between candle fixtures.
151:, which can also record other events such as
492:
580:
424:Encyclopedia of Mystics, Saints & Sages
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591:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 117.
497:. Hilversum: Gooi en Sticht. pp. 7–8.
260:surrounding the images; these were called
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393:
210:
139:Most cards are circulated to assist the
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67:
47:
36:
14:
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587:Prothero, Stephen (15 December 2003).
516:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
630:. MĂĽnchen: Verlag Sankt Michaelsbund
562:. Stanford University Press. p.
555:
507:
421:
508:Lippy, Charles H. (1 January 1994).
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143:of the saints and images they bear.
398:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 206.
103:. The reverse typically contains a
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688:Catholic Church in popular culture
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493:Verspaandonk, J. A. J. M. (1975).
133:Our Lady of Solitude of Porta Vaga
25:
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394:Hasinoff, Erin L. (2011-11-22).
99:in an image about the size of a
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13:
1:
426:. HarperCollins. p. 68.
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349:
645:. New York: Harry N. Abrams
479:John Rylands Library (1969)
455:Guide to Special Collections
422:Illes, Judika (2011-10-11).
241:(1417) which belongs to the
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107:, some of which promise an
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556:Moore, Stephen D. (2001).
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27:Christian devotional image
303:Maison de la Bonne Presse
30:Not to be confused with
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626:Gärtner, Hans (2004)
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64:, with hand-colouring
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40:
285:Church of St Sulpice
243:John Rylands Library
218:by Robert Campin; a
135:from the Philippines
111:for its recitation.
559:God's Beauty Parlor
163:, or the making of
72:Prayer card of the
52:The earliest known
542:Covenant Companion
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137:
77:
74:Holy Face of Jesus
66:
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281:chromolithography
279:The invention of
262:dévotes dentelles
235:Saint Christopher
227:Old master prints
207:Old master prints
149:in memoriam cards
16:(Redirected from
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375:Andachtsbilder
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333:Salvation Army
320:Head of Christ
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313:Recent history
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305:in France and
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245:, Manchester.
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165:religious vows
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463:. Retrieved
459:the original
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451:"Incunabula"
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329:World War II
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216:Annunciation
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116:folk culture
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101:playing card
89:prayer cards
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342:During the
275:Lithography
264:in France.
184:calligraphy
161:ordinations
91:are small,
83:tradition,
58:Christopher
43:crucifixion
18:Prayer card
672:Categories
643:Holy Cards
619:Ball, Ann
381:References
350:Collecting
220:wood print
188:sermonette
141:veneration
109:indulgence
93:devotional
85:holy cards
327:. In the
317:The 1940
307:Ars Sacra
250:engraving
81:Christian
32:Mass card
638:(German)
533:30 April
359:See also
344:Cold War
335:and the
231:woodcuts
180:parables
153:baptisms
60:, 1423,
465:15 July
295:Belgium
254:etching
202:History
196:cartoon
79:In the
62:Buxheim
54:woodcut
649:
634:
595:
570:
524:
430:
402:
325:wallet
289:pastel
248:Later
192:tracts
105:prayer
299:Italy
97:saint
56:, St
647:ISBN
632:ISBN
593:ISBN
568:ISBN
535:2014
522:ISBN
467:2010
428:ISBN
400:ISBN
370:Icon
337:YMCA
258:lace
178:and
123:Uses
564:248
518:185
252:or
87:or
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601:.
566:.
537:.
520:.
453:.
436:.
408:.
167:.
159:,
155:,
623:.
576:.
469:.
34:.
20:)
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