History of Japan - Knowledge

4265: 3245: 3257: 3537:, guaranteed a little land in the small fishing village of "Nagasáqui" to the Jesuits, who divided it into six areas. They could use the land to receive Christians exiled from other territories, as well as for Portuguese merchants. The Jesuits built a chapel and a school under the name of São Paulo, like those in Goa and Malacca. By 1579, Nagasáqui had four hundred houses, and some Portuguese had gotten married. Fearful that Nagasaki could fall into the hands of its rival Takanobu, Omura Sumitada (Dom Bartolomeu) decided to guarantee the city directly to the Jesuits in 1580. After a few years, the Jesuits came to realize that if they understood the language they would achieve more conversions to the Catholic religion. Jesuits such as João Rodrigues wrote a 2465: 5671: 3608: 3858:

promoted commercial expansion that also benefited the merchants and artisans of the cities. City populations grew, but almost ninety percent of the population continued to live in rural areas. Both the inhabitants of cities and of rural communities would benefit from one of the most notable social changes of the Edo period: increased literacy and numeracy. The number of private schools greatly expanded, particularly those attached to temples and shrines, and raised literacy to thirty percent. This may have been the world's highest rate at the time and drove a flourishing commercial publishing industry, which grew to produce hundreds of titles per year. In the area of

2686: 5606:

Since there was an economic advantage for a poor samurai class person to marry a wealthy merchant or peasant class woman, they would adopt a merchant or peasant class woman into the samurai class as an adopted daughter and then marry her. The social stratification had little bearing on economic conditions: many samurai lived in poverty and the wealth of the merchant class grew throughout the period as the commercial economy developed and urbanization grew. The Edo-era social power structure proved untenable and gave way following the Meiji Restoration to one in which commercial power played an increasingly significant political role.

5090:(MITI) with a mission to promote economic growth through close cooperation between the government and big business. MITI sought successfully to promote manufacturing and heavy industry, and encourage exports. The factors behind Japan's postwar economic growth included technology and quality control techniques imported from the West, close economic and defense cooperation with the United States, non-tariff barriers to imports, restrictions on labor unionization, long work hours, and a generally favorable global economic environment. Japanese corporations successfully retained a loyal and experienced workforce through the system of 4812: 4346: 4700: 4016: 3871: 4613: 4883: 2147: 2196: 2564: 3862: – approximated by an index measuring people's ability to report an exact rather than a rounded age (age-heaping method), and which level shows a strong correlation to later economic development of a country – Japan's level was comparable to that of north-west European countries, and moreover, Japan's index came close to the 100 percent mark throughout the nineteenth century. These high levels of both literacy and numeracy were part of the socio-economical foundation for Japan's strong growth rates during the following century. 2264: 3522: 3269: 3457: 3299: 2135: 4903: 2078: 12208: 5535: 2119: 5330: 5034: 3644: 2904: 3736: 3356: 13886: 13489: 3348: 2995: 5501:

commoners, and slaves. Over 90% were commoners, who included farmers, merchants, and artisans. During the late Heian period, the governing elite consisted of three classes. The traditional aristocracy shared power with Buddhist monks and samurai, though the latter became increasingly dominant in the Kamakura and Muromachi periods. These periods witnessed the rise of the merchant class, which diversified into a greater variety of specialized occupations.

13896: 3670:. Nobunaga was renowned for his strategic leadership and his ruthlessness. He encouraged Christianity to incite hatred toward his Buddhist enemies and to forge strong relationships with European arms merchants. He equipped his armies with muskets and trained them with innovative tactics. He promoted talented men regardless of their social status, including his peasant servant Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who became one of his best generals. 1996: 50: 2697: 4685: 2364: 13478: 5657: 1628: 875: 5268: 12196: 4097: 5643: 5295:. Economic performance was often poor in the following decades, and the stock market never returned to its pre-1989 highs. Japan's system of lifetime employment largely collapsed and unemployment rates rose. The faltering economy and several corruption scandals weakened the LDP's dominant political position. Japan was nevertheless governed by non-LDP prime ministers only in 1993–1996 and 2009–2012. 2328: 3190:, meaning "divine wind". In spite of the Kamakura shogunate's victory, the defense so depleted its finances that it was unable to provide compensation to its vassals for their role in the victory. This had permanent negative consequences for the shogunate's relations with the samurai class. Discontent among the samurai proved decisive in ending the Kamakura shogunate. In 1333, 2449: 5219:. The reasons for this include the abolition of government censorship, low film production costs, expanded access to new film techniques and technologies, and huge domestic audiences at a time when other forms of recreation were relatively scarce. During this period, Japan also began to emerge as an exporter of popular culture. Young people across the world began consuming 4548:'s sixty-three-year reign from 1926 to 1989 is the longest in recorded Japanese history. The first twenty years were characterized by the rise of extreme nationalism and a series of expansionist wars. After suffering defeat in World War II, Japan was occupied by foreign powers for the first time in its history, and then re-emerged as a major world economic power. 4557: 3484:, Firando (Hirado), and in the province of Bungo, lands of Ōtomo Sōrin, but in 1562 they moved to Yokoseura when the Daimyô there, Omura Sumitada, offered to be the first lord to convert to Christianity, adopting the name of Dom Bartolomeu. In 1564, he faced a rebellion instigated by the Buddhist clergy and Yokoseura was destroyed. 5524:

the status of men as dominant landholders. During the US occupation following World War II , women gained legal equality with men, but faced widespread workplace discrimination. A movement for women's rights led to the passage of an equal employment law in 1986, but by the 1990s women held only 10% of management positions.

5610:

factories, rural landlords, and tenant farmers. The great disparities of income between the classes dissipated during and after World War II, eventually declining to levels that were among the lowest in the industrialized world. Some postwar surveys indicated that up to 90% of Japanese self-identified as being middle class.

3690:, persecutions of Christians, a thorough land survey, and a new law effectively forbidding the peasants and samurai from changing their social class. Hideyoshi's land survey designated all those who were cultivating the land as being "commoners", an act which effectively granted freedom to most of Japan's 3344:, who came to power in 1368 and remained influential until his death in 1408. Yoshimitsu expanded the power of the shogunate and in 1392, brokered a deal to bring the Northern and Southern Courts together and end the civil war. Henceforth, the shogunate kept the emperor and his court under tight control. 4600:

of the Seiyūkai Party attempted to restrain the Kwantung Army and was assassinated in 1932 by right-wing extremists. Because of growing opposition within the Japanese military and the extreme right to party politicians, who they saw as corrupt and self-serving, Inukai was the last party politician to

3549:

In spite of the war, Japan's relative economic prosperity, which had begun in the Kamakura period, continued well into the Muromachi period. By 1450 Japan's population stood at ten million, compared to six million at the end of the thirteenth century. Commerce flourished, including considerable trade

3073:

rulers of the country. The court maintained bureaucratic and religious functions, and the shogunate welcomed participation by members of the aristocratic class. The older institutions remained intact in a weakened form, and Kyoto remained the official capital. This system has been contrasted with the

2217:

The population of Japan began to increase rapidly, perhaps with a 10-fold rise over the Jōmon. Calculations of the increasing population size by the end of the Yayoi period have varied from 1 to 4 million. Skeletal remains from the late Jōmon period reveal a deterioration in already poor standards of

5523:

For reasons that are unclear to historians the status of women rapidly deteriorated from the fourteenth century and onwards. Women of all social classes lost the right to own and inherit property and were increasingly viewed as inferior to men. Hideyoshi's land survey of the 1590s further entrenched

5500:

Social stratification in Japan became pronounced during the Yayoi period. Expanding trade and agriculture increased the wealth of society, which was increasingly monopolized by social elites. By 600 AD, a class structure had developed which included court aristocrats, the families of local magnates,

5491:

On December 16, 2022, Japan announced a major shift in its military policy by stating that it would acquire counterstrike capabilities and increase its defense budget to 2% of GDP (¥43 trillion ($ 315 billion) by 2027. The impetuses for this increase were regional security concerns over China, North

3333:

Takauji set up his shogunate in the Muromachi district of Kyoto. However, the shogunate was faced with the twin challenges of fighting the Southern Court and of maintaining its authority over its own subordinate governors. Like the Kamakura shogunate, the Muromachi shogunate appointed its allies to

3089:

attempted to curry favor with Yoritomo by attacking Yoshitsune's home. Although Yoshitsune was killed, Yoritomo still invaded and conquered the Northern Fujiwara clan's territories. In subsequent centuries, Yoshitsune would become a legendary figure, portrayed in countless works of literature as an

2515:

among cultivators, and ordered the compilation of a household registry as the basis for a new system of taxation. The true aim of the reforms was to bring about greater centralization and to enhance the power of the imperial court, which was also based on the governmental structure of China. Envoys

5596:

class, followed by craftsmen and merchants. However, various studies have revealed since about 1995 that the classes of peasants, craftsmen, and merchants under the samurai are equal, and the old hierarchy chart has been removed from Japanese history textbooks. In other words, peasants, craftsmen,

4571:

Left-wing groups had been subject to violent suppression by the end of the Taishō period, and radical right-wing groups, inspired by fascism and Japanese nationalism, rapidly grew in popularity. The extreme right became influential throughout the Japanese government and society, notably within the

2966:

written syllabaries was part of a general trend of declining Chinese influence during the Heian period. The official Japanese missions to Tang dynasty of China, which began in the year 630, ended during the ninth century, though informal missions of monks and scholars continued, and thereafter the

2765:

Throughout the Heian period, the power of the imperial court declined. The court became so self-absorbed with power struggles and with the artistic pursuits of court nobles that it neglected the administration of government outside the capital. The nationalization of land undertaken as part of the

2719:), which remained the capital until 1868. Political power within the court soon passed to the Fujiwara clan, a family of court nobles who grew increasingly close to the imperial family through intermarriage. Between 812 and 814 CE, a smallpox epidemic killed almost half of the Japanese population. 4410:

Japan enjoyed solid economic growth at this time and most people lived longer and healthier lives. The population rose from 34 million in 1872 to 52 million in 1915. Poor working conditions in factories led to growing labor unrest, and many workers and intellectuals came to embrace socialist

3479:

The Portuguese were allowed to trade and create colonies where they could convert new believers into the Christian religion. The civil war status in Japan greatly benefited the Portuguese, as well as several competing gentlemen who sought to attract Portuguese black boats and their trade to their

2317:

region of central Japan. The rulers of the Yamato state were a hereditary line of emperors who still reign as the world's longest dynasty. The rulers of the Yamato extended their power across Japan through military conquest, but their preferred method of expansion was to convince local leaders to

5605:

of the samurai class required the approval of the Tokugawa shogunate. It was also forbidden for a member of the samurai class to marry a peasant, craftsman, or merchant, but this was done through a loophole in which a person from a lower class was adopted into the samurai class and then married.

5436:

praised Japan as the "first Asian nation that has begun exerting pressure on Russia." Japan froze the assets of Russia's central bank and other major Russian banks and assets owned by 500 Russian citizens and organizations. Japan banned new investments and the export of high tech to the country.

2192:, gradually supplanting the Jōmon. They also introduced weaving and silk production, new woodworking methods, glassmaking technology, and new architectural styles. The expansion of the Yayoi appears to have brought about a fusion with the indigenous Jōmon, resulting in a small genetic admixture. 2213:

These Yayoi technologies originated on the Asian mainland. There is debate among scholars as to what degree their spread can be attributed to migration or to cultural diffusion. The migration theory is supported by genetic and linguistic studies. Historian Hanihara Kazurō has suggested that the

5609:

Although all social classes were legally abolished at the start of the Meiji period, income inequality greatly increased. New economic class divisions were formed between capitalist business owners who formed the new middle class, small shopkeepers of the old middle class, the working class in

3857:

During the first century of Tokugawa rule, Japan's population doubled to thirty million, mostly because of agricultural growth; the population remained stable for the rest of the period. The shogunate's construction of roads, elimination of road and bridge tolls, and standardization of coinage

5538:

A social hierarchy chart based on old academic theories. Such hierarchical diagrams were removed from Japanese textbooks after various studies in the 1990s revealed that peasants, craftsmen, and merchants were in fact equal and merely social categories. Successive shoguns held the highest or

2187:

and metallurgy. Until recently, the onset of this wave of cultural and technological changes was thought to have begun around 400 BC. Radio-carbon evidence now suggests that the new phase started some 500 years earlier, between 1,000 and 800 BC. Endowed with bronze and iron weapons and tools

4008:, promoted what it asserted were native Japanese values. For instance, it criticized the Chinese-style Neo-Confucianism advocated by the shogunate and emphasized the Emperor's divine authority, which the Shinto faith taught had its roots in Japan's mythic past, which was referred to as the " 5109:

rose and Japan's population increased to 123 million by 1990. Ordinary Japanese people became wealthy enough to purchase a wide array of consumer goods. During this period, Japan became the world's largest manufacturer of automobiles and a leading producer of electronics. Japan signed the

3882:

The Edo period was a time of cultural flourishing, as the merchant classes grew in wealth and began spending their income on cultural and social pursuits. Members of the merchant class who patronized culture and entertainment were said to live hedonistic lives, which came to be called the

5519:

with a male head of household. Women until then had held important roles in government which thereafter gradually diminished, though even in the late Heian period women wielded considerable court influence. Marital customs and many laws governing private property remained gender neutral.

3980:

poorly. Peasant unrest grew and government revenues fell. The shogunate cut the pay of the already financially distressed samurai, many of whom worked side jobs to make a living. Discontented samurai were soon to play a major role in engineering the downfall of the Tokugawa shogunate.

2034:

times, with the oldest evidence dating to around 38–40,000 years ago. Little evidence of their presence remains, as Japan's acidic soils tend to degrade bone remains. However, the discovery of unique edge-ground axes in Japan dated to over 30,000 years ago may be evidence of the first

4797:

from Japanese control. During this period the Japanese military was responsible for such war crimes as mistreatment of prisoners of war, massacres of civilians, and the use of chemical and biological weapons. The Japanese military earned a reputation for fanaticism, often employing

3495:

with an alliance with the Portuguese, who provided three ships, with a crew of about 900 men and more than 50 cannons. This is thought to be the first bombardment by foreign ships on Japan. The first recorded naval battle between Europeans and the Japanese occurred in 1565. In the

3846:("closed country") isolationist policy under which Japanese people were not allowed to travel abroad, return from overseas, or build ocean-going vessels. The only Europeans allowed on Japanese soil were the Dutch, who were granted a single trading post on the island of 4657:

The United States opposed Japan's invasion of China and responded with increasingly stringent economic sanctions intended to deprive Japan of the resources to continue its war in China. Japan reacted by forging an alliance with Germany and Italy in 1940, known as the

3701:

starting in 1592. Hideyoshi failed to defeat the Chinese and Korean armies on the Korean Peninsula and the war ended after his death in 1598. In the hope of founding a new dynasty, Hideyoshi had asked his most trusted subordinates to pledge loyalty to his infant son

3825:

The Tokugawa shogunate went to great lengths to suppress social unrest. Harsh penalties, including crucifixion, beheading, and death by boiling, were decreed for even the most minor offenses, though criminals of high social class were often given the option of

4562: 4561: 4558: 4994:

imposed on Japan at the same time locked Japan into a military alliance with the United States and continues to allow the presence of US military bases on Japanese soil. The occupation officially ended in 1952, although the US continued to occupy the

4385:

During the Meiji period, Japan underwent a rapid transition towards an industrial economy. Both the Japanese government and private entrepreneurs adopted Western technology and knowledge to create factories capable of producing a wide range of goods.

6030:

Nakagawa, Ryohei; Doi, Naomi; Nishioka, Yuichiro; Nunami, Shin; Yamauchi, Heizaburo; Fujita, Masaki; Yamazaki, Shinji; Yamamoto, Masaaki; Katagiri, Chiaki; Mukai, Hitoshi; Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki; Gakuhari, Takashi; Takigami, Mai; Yoneda, Minoru (2010).

1708:

from the continent immigrated to the Japanese archipelago and introduced iron technology and agricultural civilization. Because they had an agricultural civilization, the population of the Yayoi began to grow rapidly and ultimately overwhelmed the

4563: 4499:

occurred, in which the Japanese military, police, and gangs of vigilantes murdered thousands of Korean people after rumors emerged that Koreans had been poisoning wells. The rumors were later described as false by numerous Japanese sources.

4155:. It instituted comprehensive tax reform and lifted the ban on Christianity. Major government priorities also included the introduction of railways, telegraph lines, and a universal education system. The Meiji government promoted widespread 4943:, transferring ownership of agricultural land from landlords to tenant farmers, and promoting labor unionism. Other major goals were the demilitarization and democratization of Japan's government and society. Japan's military was disarmed, 3673:

The Azuchi–Momoyama period began in 1568, when Nobunaga seized Kyoto and thus effectively brought an end to the Ashikaga shogunate. He was well on his way towards his goal of reuniting all Japan when, in 1582, one of his own officers,

3208:

increased productivity and rural villages grew. Fewer famines and epidemics allowed cities to grow and commerce to boom. Buddhism, which had been largely a religion of the elites, was brought to the masses by prominent monks, such as

5344:

peaked at 128,083,960 in 2008, and as of December 2020 it had fallen below 126 million. In 2011, China surpassed Japan as the world's second largest economy by nominal GDP. Despite Japan's economic difficulties, this period also saw

4624:

Japan's expansionist vision grew increasingly bold. Many of Japan's political elite aspired to have Japan acquire new territory for resource extraction and settlement of surplus population. These ambitions led to the outbreak of the

3815:

continued to maintain a significant degree of autonomy in their domains. The central government of the shogunate in Edo, which quickly became the most populous city in the world, took counsel from a group of senior advisors known as

6730:

Rhee, Song Nai; Aikens, C. Melvin.; Chʻoe, Sŏng-nak.; No, Hyŏk-chin. (2007). "Korean Contributions to Agriculture, Technology, and State Formation in Japan: Archaeology and History of an Epochal Thousand Years, 400 B.C.–A.D. 600".

4653:

union under Japanese domination. Hirohito's role in Japan's foreign wars remains a subject of controversy, with various historians portraying him as either a powerless figurehead or an enabler and supporter of Japanese militarism.

4584:

of 1931, radical army officers bombed a small portion of the South Manchuria Railroad and, falsely attributing the attack to the Chinese, invaded Manchuria. The Kwantung Army conquered Manchuria and set up the puppet government of

1858:

Portugal and Japan came into contact in 1543, when the Portuguese became the first Europeans to reach Japan by landing in the southern archipelago. They had a significant impact on Japan, even in this initial limited interaction,

3975:

By the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the shogunate showed signs of weakening. The dramatic growth of agriculture that had characterized the early Edo period had ended, and the government handled the devastating

3318:, an ambitious attempt to monopolize power in the imperial court. Takauji rebelled after Go-Daigo refused to appoint him shōgun. In 1338, Takauji captured Kyoto and installed a rival member of the imperial family to the throne, 1713:, natives of the Japanese archipelago who were hunter-gatherers. Between the fourth and ninth centuries, Japan's many kingdoms and tribes gradually came to be unified under a centralized government, nominally controlled by the 4560: 3554:

and other groups within Japan were minting their own coins, Japan began to transition from a barter-based to a currency-based economy. During the period, some of Japan's most representative art forms developed, including

4503:

The growth of popular prose fiction, which began during the Meiji period, continued into the Taishō period as literacy rates rose and book prices dropped. Notable literary figures of the era included short story writer

4305:

The Japanese military played a key role in Japan's expansion abroad. The government believed that Japan had to acquire its own colonies to compete with the Western colonial powers. After consolidating its control over

4031:

aimed to end Japan's isolationist policies. The shogunate had no defense against Perry's gunboats and had to agree to his demands that American ships be permitted to acquire provisions and trade at Japanese ports. The

10732: 5504:

Women initially held social and political equality with men, and archaeological evidence suggests a prehistorical preference for female rulers in western Japan. Female Emperors appear in recorded history until the

4605:. They assassinated many moderate politicians before the coup was suppressed. In its wake the Japanese military consolidated its control over the political system and most political parties were abolished when the 5479:

reported that this was the first time ballistic missiles launched by China landed in Japan's exclusive economic zone and lodged a diplomatic protest with Beijing. Five Chinese missiles landed in Japan's EEZ off

3678:, killed him during an abrupt attack on his encampment. Hideyoshi avenged Nobunaga by crushing Akechi's uprising and emerged as Nobunaga's successor. Hideyoshi completed the reunification of Japan by conquering 2800:

outside the capital. The central government began to use these two warrior clans to suppress rebellions and piracy. Japan's population stabilized during the late Heian period after hundreds of years of decline.

5291:. Banks found themselves saddled with insurmountable debts that hindered economic recovery. Stagnation worsened as the birthrate declined far below replacement level. The 1990s are often referred to as Japan's 5189: 5012: 4516:, described as "perhaps the most versatile literary figure of his day" by the historian Conrad Totman, produced many works during the Taishō period influenced by European literature, though his 1929 novel 3244: 3184:. Though outnumbered by an enemy equipped with superior weaponry, the Japanese fought the Mongols to a standstill in Kyushu on both occasions until the Mongol fleet was destroyed by typhoons called 2433:. In 607, Shōtoku offered a subtle insult to China by opening his letter with the phrase, "The ruler of the land of the rising sun addresses the ruler of the land of the setting sun" as seen in the 10474: 3832:("self-disembowelment"), an ancient form of suicide that became ritualized. Christianity, which was seen as a potential threat, was gradually clamped down on until finally, after the Christian-led 3256: 4389:

By the end of the period, the majority of Japan's exports were manufactured goods. Some of Japan's most successful new businesses and industries constituted huge family-owned conglomerates called

4238:. Both the cabinet of Japan and the Japanese military were directly responsible not to the elected legislature but to the emperor. Concurrently, the Japanese government also developed a form of 4040:" on Japan which stipulated that Japan must allow citizens of these countries to visit or reside on Japanese territory and must not levy tariffs on their imports or try them in Japanese courts. 4819:

Life in Japan became increasingly difficult for civilians due to stringent rationing of food, electrical outages, and a brutal crackdown on dissent. In 1944 the US Army captured the island of

3204:

Japan nevertheless entered a period of prosperity and population growth starting around 1250. In rural areas, the greater use of iron tools and fertilizer, improved irrigation techniques, and

11646:

Schimmelpenninck van der Oye, David (2005). "The Immediate Origins of the War". In Steinberg, John; Menning, Bruce; Schimmelpenninck van der Oye, David; Wolff, David; Yokote, Shinji (eds.).

5627:, fell outside the Edo-period class structure and suffered discrimination that lasted after the class system was abolished. Though activism has improved the social conditions of those from 4419:

secret police force was established to root out left-wing agitators. The government also introduced social legislation in 1911 setting maximum work hours and a minimum age for employment.

4111:("eastern capital"). However, the most powerful men in the government were former samurai from Chōshū and Satsuma rather than the emperor, who was fifteen in 1868. These men, known as the 5059:, proposed that Japan should forge a tight relationship with the United States and focus on developing the economy rather than pursuing a proactive foreign policy. Yoshida was one of the 5310:

had made over 50 formal war apologies since the 1950s, some politicians and activists in China and South Korea found the official apologies, such as those of the Emperor in 1990 and the

4457:

parties came to dominate politics by the end of the so-called "Taishō democracy" era. The franchise for the House of Representatives had been gradually expanded since 1890, and in 1925

4403:. The phenomenal industrial growth sparked rapid urbanization. The proportion of the population working in agriculture shrank from 75 percent in 1872 to 50 percent by 1920. In 1927 the 4234:, but its powers were restricted. Only two percent of the population were eligible to vote, and legislation proposed in the House required the support of the unelected upper house, the 2218:

health and nutrition, whereas contemporaneous Yayoi archaeological sites possess large structures suggestive of grain storehouses. This shift was accompanied by an increase in both the

7756:

Bolitho, Harold (2007). "Yoshimasa and the Silver Pavilion: The Creation of the Soul of Japan. By Keene Donald. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003. x, 208 pp. $ 29.95 (cloth)".

2828:, who occupied key posts in the regional government, were openly defying the central authority. The court requested the Minamoto clan to engage the Abe clan, whom they defeated in the 2750:

in 996, governed during the height of the Fujiwara clan's power and married four of his daughters to emperors, current and future. The Fujiwara clan held on to power until 1086, when

5146: 2883:

between the Taira and Minamoto families continued for another four years. The victory of the Minamoto clan was sealed in 1185, when a force commanded by Yoritomo's younger brother,

10603: 3375:

each took sides and burned Kyoto to the ground while battling for their preferred candidate. By the time the succession was settled in 1477, the shogun had lost all power over the

4377:. The defeat of Russia in the war had set in motion a change in the global world order with the emergence of Japan as not only a regional power, but rather, the main Asian power. 5492:

Korea, and Russia. The defense budget expansion was projected to leapfrog Japan from the world's ninth-largest defense spender to third, behind only the United States and China.

4290:. The expedition featured the first instance of the Japanese military ignoring the orders of the civilian government, as the expedition set sail after being ordered to postpone. 5245:

became popular literary figures in America and Europe. American soldiers returning from the occupation brought with them stories and artifacts, and the following generations of

2678:

The Heian period (平安時代, Heian jidai) is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. It followed the Nara period, beginning when the 50th emperor,

10740: 5421:

for the second time since 1964. Japan was the second Asian country (after South Korea) to host the Olympics twice. However, due to the global outbreak and economic impact of

5540: 5475:, China conducted "precision missile strikes" in the ocean around Taiwan's coastline on August 4, 2022. These military exercises raised tensions in the region. The Japanese 10837: 4831:, fought between April and June 1945, was the largest naval operation of the war and left 115,000 soldiers and 150,000 Okinawan civilians dead, suggesting that the planned 4187:. Furthermore, the introduction of Western European literary styles to Japan sparked a boom in new works of prose fiction. Characteristic authors of the period included 10237: 5601:

and court nobles was forbidden by the Tokugawa shogunate because it could lead to political maneuvering. For the same reason, marriages between daimyo and high-ranking

4662:, which worsened its relations with the US. In July 1941, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands froze all Japanese assets when Japan completed its 4559: 4495:

in September 1923 left over 100,000 dead, and combined with the resultant fires destroyed the homes of more than three million. In the aftermath of the earthquake, the

2636:(r. 724–749) feared his lack of piousness had caused the trouble and so increased the government's promotion of Buddhism, including the construction of the temple 2871:

as emperor. The outcome of this war led to the rivalry between the Minamoto and Taira clans. As a result, the dispute and power struggle between both clans led to the

12100: 10680: 6600:

Brown, Delmer M.; Hall, John Whitney; Press, Cambridge University; McCullough, William H.; Jansen, Marius B.; Shively, Donald H.; Yamamura, Kozo; Duus, Peter (1988).

5597:

and merchants are not a social pecking order, but a social classification. Marriage between certain classes was generally prohibited. In particular, marriage between

5468:. This shocked the public, because firearm fatalities were very rare in Japan. There were only 10 shooting deaths from 2017 to 2020 and 1 gun death incident in 2021. 2532:, which consolidated existing statutes and established the structure of the central government and its subordinate local governments. These legal reforms created the 10642: 10252: 5000: 2318:

accept their authority in exchange for positions of influence in the government. Many of the powerful local clans who joined the Yamato state became known as the

4163:

with expertise in such fields as education, mining, banking, law, military affairs, and transportation to remodel Japan's institutions. The Japanese adopted the

3984:

At the same time, the people drew inspiration from new ideas and fields of study. Dutch books brought into Japan stimulated interest in Western learning, called

3942:, a new profession of entertainers, also became popular. They would provide conversation, sing, and dance for customers, though they would not sleep with them. 4171:. As part of its Westernization drive, the Meiji government enthusiastically sponsored the importation of Western science, above all medical science. In 1893, 3340:—of their domains and often refused to obey the shogun. The Ashikaga shogun who was most successful at bringing the country together was Takauji's grandson 2780:

owners than by the central government. The imperial court was thus deprived of the tax revenue to pay for its national army. In response, the owners of the

10819: 4322:"), it next turned its attention to China and Korea. In 1894, Japanese and Chinese troops clashed in Korea, where they were both stationed to suppress the 3149:, a rebellion against the shogunate, in an attempt to restore political power to the court. The rebellion was a failure and led to Go-Toba being exiled to 10482: 5705: 4991: 15293: 3367:

During the final century of the Ashikaga shogunate the country descended into another, more violent period of civil war. This started in 1467 when the

3026:

located in eastern Japan, its power was legally authorized by the Imperial court in Kyoto in several occasions. In 1192, the emperor declared Yoritomo

2347: 2225:

During the Yayoi period, the Yayoi tribes gradually coalesced into a number of kingdoms. The earliest written work to unambiguously mention Japan, the

5392:, which suffered a nuclear meltdown and severe radiation leakage. Altogether nearly 26,000 people were killed or went missing due to these disasters. 2967:

development of native Japanese forms of art and poetry accelerated. A major architectural achievement, apart from Heian-kyō itself, was the temple of

5204:," which promised to double Japan's GDP in 10 years, and succeeded in doing so in just seven. Ikeda also oversaw the completion of the world's first 3787:

for perceived insults towards the shogunate; the Satsuma victory began 266 years of Ryukyu's dual subordination to Satsuma and China. Ieyasu led the

2923:

During the Heian period, the imperial court was a vibrant center of high art and culture. Its literary accomplishments include the poetry collection

5527:

Hideyoshi's land survey of the 1590s designated all who cultivated the land as commoners, an act which granted effective freedom to most of Japan's

5176:

did not have unanimous support from the Japanese people. As requested by the United States, Japan reconstituted its military in 1954 under the name

3433:

traders on board were the first Europeans to set foot in Japan. Soon European traders would introduce many new items to Japan, most importantly the

13932: 3407:. Few definite historical facts are known about the secretive lifestyles of the ninja, who became the subject of many legends. In addition to the 2039:

in Japan. Early humans likely arrived in Japan by sea on watercraft. Evidence of human habitation has been dated to 32,000 years ago in Okinawa's

15690: 15431: 15027: 13185: 4956: 4589:

there without permission from the Japanese government. International criticism of Japan following the invasion led to Japan withdrawing from the

3686:

in eastern Japan. He launched sweeping changes to Japanese society, including the confiscation of swords from the peasantry, new restrictions on

3138:. The Kamakura shogunate allowed its vassals to maintain their own armies and to administer law and order in their provinces on their own terms. 1752:

Over the following centuries, the power of the imperial house decreased, passing first to great clans of civilian aristocrats — most notably the

1478: 5097:

By 1955, the Japanese economy had grown beyond prewar levels, and by 1968 it had become the second largest capitalist economy in the world. The

1721:

established at this time continues to this day, albeit in an almost entirely ceremonial role. In 794, a new imperial capital was established at

11638: 8229: 5326:, which commemorates Japanese soldiers who died in wars from 1868 to 1954, but also has included convicted war criminals since the late 1970s. 5307: 2108:

in 1877. The pottery style characteristic of the first phases of Jōmon culture was decorated by impressing cords into the surface of wet clay.

1899:(1912–1926), Japan's powerful military had great autonomy and overruled Japan's civilian leaders in the 1920s and 1930s. The Japanese military 11161: 4522:

reflects deep appreciation for the virtues of traditional Japanese culture. At the end of the Taishō period, Tarō Hirai, known by his penname

4334:. The island of Taiwan was thus ceded to Japan in 1895, and Japan's government gained enough international prestige to allow Foreign Minister 2628:

During this period, Japan suffered a series of natural disasters, including wildfires, droughts, famines, and outbreaks of disease, such as a

2528:, two rivals to the throne, became a major catalyst for further administrative reforms. These reforms culminated with the promulgation of the 13851: 6336: 5134: 2762:, by which the reigning emperor would function as a figurehead while the real authority was held by a retired predecessor behind the scenes. 5425:, the Summer Olympics were postponed to 2021; they took place from 23 July to 8 August 2021. Japan ranked third place, with 27 gold medals. 2335:

These leaders sought and received formal diplomatic recognition from China, and Chinese accounts record five successive such leaders as the

2251:, had gained ascendancy over the others, though modern historians continue to debate its location and other aspects of its depiction in the 2146: 15646: 15155: 10793: 5087: 4264: 5078:

Although the Japanese economy was in bad shape in the immediate postwar years, an austerity program implemented in 1949 by finance expert

3994:, for instance, used concepts from Western medicine to help spark a revolution in Japanese ideas of human anatomy. The scholarly field of 3589:, was an ineffectual political and military leader, he played a critical role in promoting these cultural developments. He had the famous 13055: 12526: 10600: 10478: 6400: 5465: 263: 10556: 10504: 6479: 6433: 6260: 15478: 14929: 6227: 4160: 4057:("revere the emperor, expel the barbarians"). The two domains went on to form an alliance. In August 1866, soon after becoming shogun, 1658: 917: 839: 779: 5934: 4411:

ideas. The Meiji government responded with harsh suppression of dissent. Radical socialists plotted to assassinate the emperor in the

13525: 5785: 5509:

declared strict male-only ascension in 1889. Chinese Confucian-style patriarchy was first codified in the 7th–8th centuries with the

3854:

from 1634 to 1854. China and Korea were the only other countries permitted to trade, and many foreign books were banned from import.

3698: 1934: 537: 11721:

A History of Japanese Literature, Vol. 1: Seeds in the Heart – Japanese Literature from Earliest Times to the Late Sixteenth Century

11087: 3822:

and employed samurai as bureaucrats. The emperor in Kyoto was funded lavishly by the government but was allowed no political power.

3472:

exchange between Japan and the West, the first map made of Japan in the west was represented in 1568 by the Portuguese cartographer

5011:

in 1972. The US continues to operate military bases throughout the Japanese archipelago, mostly on Okinawa, under the terms of the

2867:

defeated the Minamoto clan. Kiyomori used his victory to accumulate power for himself in Kyoto and even installed his own grandson

2863:) hired the Taira and Minamoto clans in the hopes of securing the throne by military force. During this war, the Taira clan led by 1691:

in the first millennium BC when new inventions were introduced from Asia. During this period, the first known written reference to

10702: 5060: 5041: 4758:. Japan then successfully invaded the Asian colonies of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands, including the 13800: 10845: 5319: 4207: 4028: 3120:

in structure, in contrast with the earlier ritsuryō state. Yoritomo selected the provincial governors, known under the titles of

11277: 3836:

of 1638, the religion was completely outlawed. To prevent further foreign ideas from sowing dissent, the third Tokugawa shogun,

2879:, a member of the Minamoto clan whom Kiyomori had exiled to Kamakura. Though Taira no Kiyomori died in 1181, the ensuing bloody 13861: 12253: 11201: 5768: 5192:. Although the protests ultimately failed to stop revision of the treaty, they did succeed in forcing unpopular prime minister 5181: 4980: 4802:

and fighting almost to the last man against overwhelming odds. In 1944 the Imperial Japanese Navy began deploying squadrons of

4646: 3201:

to quell the revolt, but Takauji and his men instead joined forces with Emperor Go-Daigo and overthrew the Kamakura shogunate.

2629: 1153: 5947:

Ono, Akira (2014). "Modern hominids in the Japanese Islands and the early use of obsidian", pp. 157–159 in Sanz, Nuria (ed.).

2239: 12828: 12342: 12135: 12048:

Garon, Sheldon (May 1994). "Rethinking Modernization and Modernity in Japanese History: A Focus on State-Society Relations".

12023: 11976: 11948: 11891: 11861: 11834: 11796: 11732: 11657: 11600: 11575: 11550: 11527: 11502: 11044: 9580: 8853: 8205: 6611: 6494: 6448: 6415: 6394:

Kaner, Simon (2011) 'The Archeology of Religion and Ritual in the Prehistoric Japanese Archipelago,' in Timothy Insoll (ed.),

6379: 6351: 6311: 6275: 6242: 6134: 5758: 5713: 4539: 4255: 3442: 2088:

The Jōmon period of prehistoric Japan spans from roughly 13,000 BC to about 1,000 BC. Japan was inhabited by a predominantly

1540: 932: 789: 714: 12702: 5381: 5334: 2625:

was compiled in the latter half of the eighth century, which is widely considered the finest collection of Japanese poetry.

2179:

from the Asian mainland brought fundamental transformations to the Japanese archipelago. The millennial achievements of the

609: 13925: 12939: 11245: 10688: 10229: 5774: 5472: 4771: 4606: 10650: 9066: 6066:"Geology and Quaternary Environments of the Tategahana Paleolithic Site in Nojiri-ko (Lake Nojiri), Nagano, Central Japan" 6033:"Pleistocene human remains from Shiraho-Saonetabaru Cave on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, and their radiocarbon dating" 4689: 4043:

The shogunate's failure to oppose the Western powers angered many Japanese, particularly those of the southern domains of

2832:. The court thus temporarily reasserted its authority in northern Japan. Following another civil war – the 2516:

and students were dispatched to China to learn about Chinese writing, politics, art, and religion. After the reforms, the

2118: 13775: 12998: 10761: 10569: 10260: 5366: 5280: 3541:. Thus Portuguese became the first Western language to have such a dictionary when it was published in Nagasaki in 1603. 2664:, but after her death in 770 he lost all his power and was exiled. The Fujiwara clan furthermore consolidated its power. 2343:

played an important role in transmitting continental technologies and administrative skills to Japan during this period.

230: 10860: 4119:

desired Japan to become a modern nation-state that could stand equal to the Western imperialist powers. Among them were

2429:-inspired code of conduct for officials and citizens, and attempted to introduce a merit-based civil service called the 13322: 12946: 11706: 11415: 9939: 5779: 5389: 4923: 4283: 3706:. Despite this, almost immediately after Hideyoshi's death, war broke out between Hideyori's allies and those loyal to 2770:

state decayed as various noble families and religious orders succeeded in securing tax-exempt status for their private

1088: 387: 362: 11124: 10823: 5904: 5161:

on Taiwan as the legitimate government of China after World War II, though Japan switched its recognition to the

5055:

in 1946–1947 and 1948–1954, and played a key role in guiding Japan through the occupation. His policies, known as the

4311: 3918:

puppet theater became widely popular. These new forms of entertainment were (at the time) accompanied by short songs (

15056: 13962: 13820: 12961: 12725: 12200: 11995: 11929: 11910: 11815: 11769: 11622: 10386: 10189: 10068: 9782: 9701: 9652: 9049: 8802: 8554: 8404: 8371: 8313: 8252: 8068: 7674: 7619: 7528: 6994: 6931: 6834: 6678: 6635: 6601: 6017: 5457: 5411: 4746:, decided to break the US-led embargo through force of arms. On 7 December 1941, the Imperial Japanese Navy launched 4601:

govern Japan in the pre-World War II era. In February 1936 young radical officers of the Imperial Japanese Army

4246:

and the emperor was declared a living god. Schools nationwide instilled patriotic values and loyalty to the emperor.

614: 4918:

Japan experienced dramatic political and social transformation under the Allied occupation in 1945–1952. US General

4107:

The emperor was restored to nominal supreme power, and in 1869, the imperial family moved to Edo, which was renamed

4061:, struggled to maintain power as civil unrest continued. The Chōshū and Satsuma domains in 1868 convinced the young 3771:

of what became a long dynasty. Nevertheless, it took time for the Tokugawas to consolidate their rule. In 1609, the

2047:. Evidence has been found suggesting that Japan's Paleolithic inhabitants interacted with and butchered now extinct 15263: 15150: 13018: 12929: 12071: 5807: 5790: 5763: 5699: 5429: 5068: 5008: 4441:

opened the period with mass protests and riots organized by Japanese political parties, which succeeded in forcing

4231: 4210:, a grassroots campaign demanding greater popular participation in politics. The leaders of this movement included 4091: 4069:

calling for an end to the Tokugawa shogunate. The armies of Chōshū and Satsuma soon marched on Edo and the ensuing

2656:. There was also a serious attempt to overthrow the Imperial house during the middle Nara period. During the 760s, 2430: 2278:, Japan gradually unified under a single territory. The symbol of the growing power of Japan's new leaders was the 1965: 737: 445: 17: 5953: 5617:, such as leatherworkers and those who handled the dead, developed in the 15th and 16th centuries into hereditary 4645:

and the war descended into a bloody stalemate that lasted until 1945. Japan's stated war aim was to establish the

15675: 15066: 14104: 13918: 13080: 12956: 12788: 12277: 12266: 4759: 4358: 679: 2292:

that took huge teams of laborers fifteen years to complete. It is commonly accepted that the tomb was built for

13025: 11685: 11494: 7647: 5488:

said these missiles were "serious threats to Japan's national security and the safety of the Japanese people."

4616:

Japanese experts inspect the scene of the alleged railway sabotage on South Manchurian Railway that led to the

4462: 4374: 4370: 4294:, who was born a samurai in the Chōshū Domain, was a key force behind the modernization and enlargement of the 3116:

The regime that Yoritomo had established, and which was kept in place by his successors, was decentralized and

2422: 2044: 1900: 1651: 1326: 832: 492: 412: 12643: 5314:

of 1995, inadequate or insincere. Nationalist politics in Japan sometimes exacerbated these tensions, such as

4492: 2549:, commissioned by Prince Shōtoku and completed in 607 AD. It is now the oldest wooden structure in the world. 450: 15797: 15288: 14818: 14078: 13518: 12783: 12337: 10530: 5753: 5162: 4199:, who wrote satirical, autobiographical, and psychological novels combining both the older and newer styles. 3425:

Amid this on-going anarchy, a trading ship was blown off course and landed in 1543 on the Japanese island of

2464: 1446: 913: 704: 14146: 12124:

A History of Japanese Literature, Vol. 3: Dawn to the West – Japanese Literature of the Modern Era (Fiction)

5007:

were restored to Japanese sovereignty and Japanese citizens were allowed to return. Okinawa was the last to

2134: 15283: 14823: 14296: 13610: 12966: 12778: 12325: 5812: 5735: 5184:. A wave of protests in Japan against US military bases and nuclear testing culminated in the massive 1960 4865: 4853: 4663: 4416: 1938: 1927: 1190: 813: 803: 747: 732: 689: 13972: 10788:["China launches 9 ballistic missiles, 5 of which are in Japan's EEZ," says Ministry of Defense]. 4330:, Japan's highly motivated and well-led forces defeated the more numerous and better-equipped military of 4167:, Western clothing, and Western hairstyles. One leading advocate of Westernization was the popular writer 4051:. Many samurai there, inspired by the nationalist doctrines of the kokugaku school, adopted the slogan of 3901:

art, the latter of which were often woodblock prints that progressed to greater sophistication and use of

14249: 13856: 12589: 9930:

Edstrom, Bert (2016). "Japan's Foreign Policy and the Yoshida Legacy Revisited". In Edstrom, Bert (ed.).

6343: 5720: 5476: 5449: 5123: 5064: 4979:

came into effect in 1947 and guaranteed civil liberties, labor rights, and women's suffrage, and through

4845: 4298:, especially the introduction of national conscription. The new army was put to use in 1877 to crush the 3411:, rebellious peasants and "warrior monks" affiliated with Buddhist temples also raised their own armies. 2685: 2413:

took over the government in the 580s and controlled Japan from behind the scenes for nearly sixty years.

1185: 922: 642: 572: 12064: 3607: 3169:

respectively. The shogunate further consolidated its political power relative to the Kyoto aristocracy.

15802: 15551: 15352: 13815: 13720: 13215: 12885: 12758: 12730: 12514: 12246: 11519: 9067:"Diagnosis of Ginza Line Subway Tunnel, the Oldest in Asia, by Acquiring Data on Deterioration Indices" 6506:

Maher, Kohn C. (1996). "North Kyushu Creole: A Language Contact Model for the Origins of Japanese", in

6486: 6440: 6371: 6267: 5422: 5246: 4857: 4837: 3602: 2417:, an advocate of Buddhism and of the Soga cause, who was of partial Soga descent, served as regent and 2183:

took hold of the islands in a relatively short span of centuries, particularly with the development of

1550: 1508: 784: 637: 392: 251: 6187:

Kuzmin, Yaroslav V. (2015). "Chronology of the earliest pottery in East Asia: progress and pitfalls".

4438: 4175:

established the Institute for Infectious Diseases, which would soon become world-famous, and in 1913,

2652:

site. Japan nevertheless entered a phase of population decline that continued well into the following

2538:

state, a system of Chinese-style centralized government that remained in place for half a millennium.

2096:

and cultural complexity. The name Jōmon, meaning "cord-marked", was first applied by American scholar

1812:. Over the course of the late 16th century, Japan was reunified under the leadership of the prominent 15792: 15787: 15357: 15172: 13395: 13109: 12991: 12951: 12873: 12823: 12685: 12655: 12574: 12472: 12347: 12332: 12127: 11883: 11788: 11724: 8542: 5802: 5684: 5177: 5028: 4679: 4259: 4116: 3173: 2829: 2541:

The art of the Asuka period embodies the themes of Buddhist art. One of the most famous works is the

1961: 1791: 1644: 1560: 1555: 1247: 942: 908: 825: 759: 742: 694: 567: 522: 417: 197: 159: 33: 6064:

Kondo, Y.; Takeshita, Y.; Watanabe, T.; Seki, M.; Nojiri-ko Excavation Research Group (April 2018).

4513: 2394:. Since then, Buddhism has coexisted with Japan's native Shinto religion, in what is today known as 477: 15546: 14638: 14183: 13825: 13542: 13511: 13210: 13121: 12919: 12902: 12808: 12793: 12697: 12665: 12638: 12211: 12005: 11615:

The War of the Rising Sun and the Tumbling Bear—A Military History of the Russo-Japanese War 1904–5

11176: 10177: 5748: 5346: 4944: 4811: 4626: 4577: 4472: 3624:

During the second half of the 16th century, Japan gradually reunified under two powerful warlords:

3445:, which soon came to have a substantial following in Japan reaching 350,000 believers. In 1549 the 3268: 3235: 2788:

warriors. Two powerful noble families that had descended from branches of the imperial family, the

2390:

began as early as 538 AD with the introduction of the Buddhist religion from the Korean kingdom of

2284:

burial mounds they constructed from around 250 AD onwards. Many were of massive scale, such as the

1904: 1592: 1148: 599: 517: 482: 440: 14710: 14705: 6331: 5559:, ruled by dividing the people into four main categories. Older scholars believed that there were 5114:

in 1985 to depreciate the US dollar against the yen and other currencies. By the end of 1987, the

4509: 3093:

After Yoritomo's death in 1199, the office of shogun weakened. Behind the scenes, Yoritomo's wife

15663: 15573: 14745: 14512: 14331: 14264: 13996: 13770: 13735: 13690: 13085: 13013: 13003: 12880: 12813: 12612: 11939:

Tonomura, Hitomi (2009). "Women and Sexuality in Premodern Japan". In Tsutsui, William M. (ed.).

11349: 10783: 10733:"Shooting of Former Prime Minister Abe a Shock to Japan, Which Saw Just One Gun Fatality in 2021" 6407: 6065: 5694: 5315: 5173: 5150: 5052: 4987: 4911: 4458: 4339: 4327: 4319: 4270: 4223: 3015: 2804:

During the early Heian period, the imperial court successfully consolidated its control over the

2572: 2340: 2231:, published in 111 AD, states that one hundred kingdoms comprised Japan, which is referred to as 1953: 1718: 1195: 1046: 937: 724: 542: 372: 357: 11350:"The Evolution of Income Concentration in Japan, 1886–2005: Evidence from Income Tax Statistics" 8081: 4345: 4172: 2682:, moved the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto). Heian (平安) means "peace" in Japanese. 15751: 15625: 15231: 15122: 15110: 14806: 14547: 14386: 14023: 13957: 13941: 13660: 13655: 13550: 13360: 13070: 12907: 12818: 12798: 12519: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12163: 8659:

The New Cambridge Modern History Volume 11: Material Progress and World-Wide Problems 1870–1898

5098: 4948: 4755: 4747: 4466: 4404: 4295: 4235: 2884: 2817: 2612: 2222:

of society and tribal warfare, indicated by segregated gravesites and military fortifications.

2053: 1916: 1908: 1284: 1051: 947: 764: 527: 319: 7707:"João Rodrigues's Account of Sixteenth Century Japan. The Hakluyt Society, 3rd series, vol. 7" 6395: 6365: 4505: 4230:, which was promulgated in 1889. The new constitution established an elected lower house, the 4147:

The Meiji government abolished the Edo class structure and replaced the feudal domains of the

15490: 15426: 15300: 14993: 14919: 14693: 14688: 14626: 14565: 14502: 14450: 14443: 13989: 13780: 13755: 13670: 13650: 13600: 13570: 13560: 13438: 13370: 13262: 13200: 13166: 13136: 13065: 12895: 12890: 12858: 12410: 12239: 10574: 6474: 6428: 6301: 6255: 5350: 5341: 5180:(JSDF), though some Japanese insisted that the very existence of the JSDF was a violation of 5138: 4976: 4952: 4790: 4775: 4476: 4412: 4115:, oversaw the dramatic changes Japan would experience during this period. The leaders of the 2743: 2733: 2723: 2219: 2188:

initially imported from China and the Korean peninsula, the Yayoi radiated out from northern

1949: 1587: 1545: 1518: 1493: 1279: 1158: 1117: 952: 898: 377: 14875: 12497: 9262:"The Massacre of Koreans in Yokohama in the Aftermath of the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923" 6451:

pp. 81–82, referring to the two sub-styles of houses introduced from the Korean peninsular:

6222: 5631:

backgrounds, discrimination in employment and education has lingered into the 21st century.

4848:, killing over 70,000 people. This was the first nuclear attack in history. On 9 August the 4699: 4203:, a leading female author, took inspiration from earlier literary models of the Edo period. 3878:

for the slightest insult and were widely feared by the Japanese population. Edo period, 1798

3870: 3473: 3327: 2640:

in 752. The funds to build this temple were raised in part by the influential Buddhist monk

15756: 15707: 15702: 15685: 15680: 15658: 15448: 15162: 15015: 14907: 14811: 14604: 14289: 14088: 14031: 13866: 13745: 13740: 13620: 13453: 13195: 12934: 12803: 12763: 12380: 11871: 6430:

The Archaeology of Japan: From the Earliest Rice Farming Villages to the Rise of the State,

6327: 6077: 5983: 5926: 5743: 5676: 5438: 5432:

began, Japan condemned and levied sanctions on Russia for its actions. Ukrainian President

5418: 5292: 5287:. The economic bubble popped in 1989, and stock and land prices plunged as Japan entered a 5237:(comic books), video games, and other forms Japanese pop culture. Japanese authors such as 5201: 5119: 5086:(1950–1953) was a major boon to Japanese business. In 1949 the Yoshida cabinet created the 4968: 4602: 4484: 4239: 4152: 4015: 3715: 3616: 3497: 3334:

rule in the provinces, but these men increasingly styled themselves as feudal lords—called

3154: 3106: 3086: 3078: 3069:

Legitimacy was conferred on the shogunate by the Imperial court, but the shogunate was the

3058:("tent government")), referring to the tents where his soldiers encamped. The English term 3011: 2998:

Minamoto no Yoritomo was the founder of the Kamakura shogunate in 1192. This was the first

2888: 2876: 2856: 2837: 2700: 2492: 2395: 2180: 2082: 2000: 1990: 1957: 1765: 1676: 1672: 1513: 1456: 1451: 1232: 647: 502: 407: 268: 164: 71: 14259: 5215:

Among cultural developments, the immediate post-occupation period became a golden age for

4990:

of 1951 officially normalized relations between Japan and the United States, although the

4666:

by occupying the southern half of the country, further increasing tension in the Pacific.

4612: 2445:, established itself as the official name of the nation, which has persisted to this day. 989: 8: 15746: 15411: 15216: 15049: 14582: 14455: 14336: 14311: 13840: 13810: 13760: 13715: 13695: 13685: 13585: 13443: 13375: 13365: 13248: 13126: 13008: 12978: 12675: 11099: 6660: 5727: 5433: 5209: 4882: 4877: 4581: 4518: 4302:

of discontented samurai in southern Japan led by the former Meiji leader Saigo Takamori.

3833: 3683: 3660: 3647:

Japan in 1582, showing territory conquered by Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi in gray

3341: 2999: 1945: 1684: 1503: 1498: 1426: 1340: 552: 507: 472: 382: 6081: 5987: 4437:, Japan developed stronger democratic institutions and grew in international power. The 4120: 3760: 3460:

Japan (Iapam) and Korea, in the 1568 Portuguese map of the cartographer João Vaz Dourado

2809: 2195: 1036: 15697: 15600: 15502: 15315: 14497: 14227: 14193: 13785: 13700: 13680: 13565: 13555: 13385: 13297: 13220: 13173: 13146: 13141: 13090: 12863: 12773: 12746: 12617: 12569: 12547: 12492: 12465: 12087: 12053: 11632: 11592: 11538: 11465: 11457: 11372: 10710: 9889: 9289: 8223: 6766: 6758: 6664: 6297: 6204: 5873: 5835: 5689: 5552: 5506: 5311: 4861: 4832: 4824: 4480: 4446: 4366: 4362: 4227: 4164: 4058: 4044: 3784: 3752: 3697:

As Hideyoshi's power expanded, he dreamed of conquering China and launched two massive

3629: 3586: 3319: 3293: 3214: 3186: 3098: 2563: 2512: 2504: 2040: 1930: 1920: 1832: 1820: 1787: 1532: 1209: 1163: 1136: 1078: 1031: 1013: 719: 547: 402: 299: 294: 6296: 4454: 4215: 3197:

in the hope of restoring full power to the imperial court. The shogunate sent General

2852: 1848: 15739: 15729: 15719: 15668: 15325: 15243: 14537: 14522: 14507: 14487: 14378: 14357: 14168: 14011: 13895: 13830: 13765: 13730: 13665: 13645: 13635: 13595: 13580: 13575: 13307: 13205: 13178: 13151: 12842: 12599: 12584: 12482: 12310: 12178: 12131: 12019: 11991: 11972: 11944: 11925: 11906: 11887: 11876: 11857: 11830: 11811: 11792: 11781: 11765: 11728: 11702: 11681: 11653: 11618: 11596: 11571: 11546: 11523: 11498: 11469: 11411: 11404: 11287: 11251: 11211: 11040: 10524: 10382: 10185: 10064: 9935: 9778: 9697: 9648: 9576: 9293: 9281: 9045: 8849: 8798: 8550: 8400: 8367: 8309: 8248: 8211: 8201: 8064: 7670: 7643: 7615: 7524: 7257: 6990: 6927: 6830: 6674: 6631: 6607: 6490: 6444: 6411: 6375: 6347: 6307: 6271: 6238: 6130: 6093: 6013: 5877: 5865: 5374: 5238: 5158: 5091: 5004: 4996: 4919: 4887: 4828: 4779: 4767: 4630: 4590: 4488: 4323: 4299: 3970: 3703: 3667: 3556: 3315: 3222: 3205: 2955: 2916: 2864: 2841: 2751: 2621: 2346:

Historians agree that there was a big struggle between the Yamato federation and the

2263: 1872: 1860: 1746: 1738: 1488: 1483: 1274: 1266: 1252: 1222: 1140: 1103: 1073: 1026: 1021: 903: 893: 769: 752: 699: 684: 367: 329: 207: 11825:

Neary, Ian (2009). "Class and Social Stratification". In Tsutsui, William M. (ed.).

11669:

A History Of East Asia: From the Origins of Civilization to the Twenty-First Century

10170: 6770: 6208: 4496: 4434: 4200: 4196: 4124: 3534: 3322:, who did appoint him shogun. Go-Daigo responded by fleeing to the southern city of 2468: 2414: 1733:, which lasted until 1185. The Heian period is considered a golden age of classical 15734: 15641: 15384: 15167: 14967: 14887: 14843: 14643: 14465: 14316: 14276: 13871: 13790: 13750: 13725: 13705: 13615: 13605: 13590: 13448: 13287: 13240: 13225: 13161: 13043: 12986: 12868: 12487: 12282: 12225: 11846: 11607: 11449: 11376: 11364: 10868: 9881: 9273: 9074: 7765: 6748: 6740: 6196: 6085: 6044: 5991: 5855: 5847: 5797: 5618: 5573: 5556: 5528: 5461: 5056: 4960: 4891: 4820: 4786: 4638: 4291: 4188: 4168: 4136: 4101: 4024: 4001: 3950: 3946: 3691: 3675: 3521: 3488: 3481: 3446: 3303: 3285: 3198: 3191: 3172:

The samurai armies of the whole nation were mobilized in 1274 and 1281 to confront

3094: 2950: 2845: 2755: 2336: 2268: 2004: 1969: 1864: 1795: 1794:, but in 1333 it was toppled by a rival claimant to the shogunate, ushering in the 1734: 1714: 1612: 1574: 1376: 1177: 1083: 979: 885: 865: 314: 223: 15226: 15182: 12415: 9078: 7590: 5200:, successfully diverted popular attention away from political struggles with his " 2661: 2633: 2109: 2105: 1896: 15615: 15585: 15347: 15275: 15253: 15211: 15106: 15076: 14941: 14936: 14587: 14470: 14041: 13710: 13675: 13630: 13625: 13534: 13312: 13282: 13277: 13190: 13156: 13075: 12768: 12660: 12579: 12559: 12460: 12320: 12104: 12043:

From Prejudice to Tolerance. A Study of the Japanese Image of the West, 1826–1864

12009: 11968: 11962: 11853: 11696: 11647: 11586: 11561: 11513: 11488: 10607: 9566: 8843: 7664: 7609: 6483: 6437: 6404: 6340: 6264: 6231: 6124: 6089: 5995: 5957: 5323: 5216: 5154: 5106: 5102: 5048: 5037: 4794: 4704: 4659: 4642: 4617: 4597: 4369:, which was another victory for Japan's new navy. Japan thus laid claim to Korea 4350: 4335: 4211: 4112: 4009: 4005: 3875: 3751:

was characterized by relative peace and stability under the tight control of the

3707: 3637: 3570: 3456: 3158: 3142: 2989: 2945: 2936: 2872: 2759: 2542: 2367: 2310: 2293: 2097: 2089: 1919:. Japan's forces soon became overextended, but the military held out in spite of 1888: 1880: 1824: 1431: 1358: 1316: 1122: 999: 974: 966: 927: 709: 512: 497: 487: 397: 185: 12385: 11255: 10624: 6008:

Hudson, Mark (2009). "Japanese Beginnings", p. 15 In Tsutsui, William M. (ed.).

5072: 4449:

increased the power of Japan's political parties over the ruling oligarchy. The

4442: 4361:

was the first time in decades that an Asian power defeated a western power. The

4219: 3977: 3935: 3804: 3510:

port. The engagement led the Portuguese traders to find a safe harbor for their

3314:

Takauji and many other samurai soon became dissatisfied with Emperor Go-Daigo's

3298: 3023: 2940: 2649: 2525: 2156: 2125: 2072: 1895:. Although democracy developed and modern civilian culture prospered during the 1710: 1680: 83: 15724: 15651: 15473: 15438: 15369: 15258: 15130: 14838: 14423: 14413: 14234: 14215: 13492: 13428: 13380: 13337: 13230: 13131: 12509: 12315: 12079: 11567: 9694:

Power across the Pacific: A Diplomatic History of American Relations with Japan

8839: 8192: 6626:

Carter, William R. (1983). "Asuka period". In Reischauer, Edwin et al. (eds.).

6470: 5648: 5193: 5130: 5105:

slowed growth to a still-rapid average annual rate of just over 4% until 1991.

4930:

leader and played a central role in implementing reforms, many inspired by the

4763: 4315: 4287: 4279: 4176: 4156: 4128: 4053: 4048: 4037: 3991: 3788: 3780: 3656: 3450: 3396: 3392: 3380: 3289: 3146: 3110: 2868: 2860: 2584: 2484: 2375: 1809: 1470: 1421: 1413: 1372: 1217: 1041: 856: 774: 304: 235: 192: 12153:

The Political History of Modern Japan: Foreign Relations and Domestic Politics

10769: 9082: 9064: 7769: 7255:

Encyclopedia of Japan : Japanese history and culture, from abacus to zori

6200: 5970:

Takashi, Tsutsumi (2012). "MIS3 edge-ground axes and the arrival of the first

3891: 3714:

and a former ally of Hideyoshi. Tokugawa Ieyasu won a decisive victory at the

3387:

fought among themselves for control of the country. Some of the most powerful

2708: 2521: 15781: 15610: 15595: 15541: 15519: 15416: 15404: 15320: 15189: 15071: 15032: 15020: 15008: 14720: 14631: 14560: 14301: 14244: 14222: 14131: 14063: 14058: 14036: 13889: 13390: 13302: 13291: 13060: 12924: 12680: 11958: 11131: 11094: 10165: 9285: 9261: 8215: 6670: 6097: 5869: 5362: 5242: 5185: 5142: 5024: 4964: 4902: 4799: 4573: 4523: 4062: 4033: 3796: 3792: 3719: 3633: 3619:. It began on 21 October 1600, with a total of 160,000 men facing each other. 3492: 3379:, who now ruled hundreds of independent states throughout Japan. During this 3323: 3181: 3162: 2968: 2793: 2679: 2546: 2496: 2488: 2403: 2371: 2077: 2059: 1761: 1753: 1582: 1242: 994: 562: 557: 14151: 12633: 12405: 8193: 5071:(LDP), which went on to dominate Japanese politics for the remainder of the 4428: 3949:, which led the government to divide society into four classes based on the 3262:

Samurai Mitsui Sukenaga (right) defeating the Mongolian invasion army (left)

2529: 1867:

in 1853–54 more completely ended Japan's seclusion; this contributed to the

433: 15529: 15485: 15466: 15421: 15221: 15145: 14902: 14897: 14853: 14480: 14362: 14326: 14306: 14158: 14136: 14048: 13482: 13458: 13401: 13267: 13095: 12914: 12439: 12427: 12422: 12400: 12395: 12390: 12119: 11716: 11136: 10444: 9572: 8982: 8395:

Collcutt, Martin C. (1983). "Bushidō". In Reischauer, Edwin et al. (eds.).

7691: 5892: 5662: 5370: 5288: 5250: 5197: 5111: 5079: 4972: 4907: 4849: 4827:. These destroyed over half of the total area of Japan's major cities. The 4751: 4357:

Japan next clashed with Russia, which was expanding its power in Asia. The

4243: 4132: 3625: 3566: 3465: 3420: 2833: 2673: 2653: 2596: 2500: 2476: 2387: 2289: 2275: 2200: 2176: 2170: 1973: 1816: 1730: 1705: 1688: 1632: 1303: 594: 258: 152: 124: 110: 96: 15578: 12650: 12477: 12207: 11453: 11368: 10703:"Japan's former PM Abe Shinzo shot, confirmed dead | NHK WORLD-JAPAN News" 9277: 6744: 4535: 4192: 3194: 2712: 2690: 2599:. During this period, the first two books produced in Japan appeared: the 1722: 1394: 465: 202: 15568: 15558: 15514: 15509: 15461: 15399: 15362: 15335: 15236: 15206: 15081: 15003: 14924: 14912: 14673: 14658: 14648: 14619: 14577: 14492: 14460: 14408: 14341: 14178: 14053: 13910: 13899: 12670: 12434: 12221: 12217: 11171: 8059:

Chaiklin, Martha (2013). "Sakoku (1633–1854)". In Perez, Louis G. (ed.).

5485: 5361:, expanding worldwide, especially among young people. In March 2011, the 5303: 4743: 4675: 4278:

In December 1871, a Ryukyuan ship was shipwrecked on Taiwan and the crew

3538: 3426: 3177: 3166: 3150: 3117: 3085:

ruler of northern Honshu. In 1189, after Hidehira's death, his successor

2875:

in 1160. In 1180, Taira no Kiyomori was challenged by an uprising led by

2607: 2592: 2576: 2558: 2517: 2460:(horizontal placement of characters). The text means "Japan" in Japanese. 2227: 2184: 2112:

is generally accepted to be among the oldest in East Asia and the world.

2031: 1912: 1892: 1697: 1348: 1227: 984: 532: 138: 12504: 12097: 11461: 10762:"China's missle [sic] landed in Japan's Exclusive Economic Zone" 6762: 6257:

To the Ends of Japan: Premodern Frontiers, Boundaries, and Interactions,

5511: 4967:. The Emperor was permitted to remain on the throne, but was ordered to 4937:

The occupation sought to decentralize power in Japan by breaking up the

4750:

on the American fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This brought the US into

4450: 4023:

The arrival in 1853 of a fleet of American ships commanded by Commodore

3735: 3368: 3250:

Ancient drawing depicting a samurai battling forces of the Mongol Empire

2925: 2758:

but continued to exercise political power, establishing the practice of

2637: 2611:, which contain chronicles of legendary accounts of early Japan and its 2568: 2534: 15712: 15605: 15563: 15379: 15342: 15305: 15201: 14788: 14700: 14527: 14428: 14401: 14321: 14119: 14073: 13984: 13952: 13327: 12692: 12594: 12542: 12455: 12057: 9893: 9664: 6753: 6452: 6049: 6032: 5948: 5548: 5534: 5453: 5445: 5329: 5262: 5205: 5188:

that saw millions of citizens take to the streets in opposition to the

5115: 5083: 5033: 4641:. The Japanese military failed to defeat the Chinese government led by 4551: 4487:

and enjoyed good international relations through its membership in the

4396: 4331: 4070: 3748: 3663:, his army defeated a force several times its size led by the powerful 3643: 3612: 3590: 3469: 3347: 2994: 2972: 2931: 2903: 2880: 2789: 2657: 2588: 2320: 2285: 2232: 1876: 1844: 1773: 1769: 1065: 604: 587: 334: 283: 169: 11437: 11406:

The Abacus and the Sword: The Japanese Penetration of Korea, 1895–1910

8362:

Crihfield, Liza (1983). "Geisha". In Reischauer, Edwin et al. (eds.).

6224:

Globalizing the Prehistory of Japan: Language, Genes and Civilisation,

5860: 4782:. In the early stages of the war, Japan scored victory after victory. 3767:, and Ieyasu abdicated two years later to groom his son as the second 3355: 2776:

manors. By the eleventh century, more land in Japan was controlled by

1098: 15620: 15389: 15374: 14972: 14957: 14882: 14865: 14783: 14668: 14609: 14599: 14594: 14517: 14396: 14284: 14210: 13977: 13967: 13417: 12720: 12564: 12554: 10379:

Critical readings on the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan Volume One

10181: 6234: 5623: 5401: 4742:

In late 1941, Japanese government, led by Prime Minister and General

4650: 4586: 4087: 3966: 3902: 3818: 3441:

were using about 300,000 muskets in their armies. The Europeans also

2844:, controlled northern Honshu for the next century from their capital 2426: 2410: 2093: 2048: 1884: 1868: 1441: 630: 350: 324: 10377:

Pekkanen, Robert (2018). "Introduction". In Pekkanen, Robert (ed.).

9885: 5584: 5385: 3502: 3480:

domains. Initially, the Portuguese stayed on the lands belonging to

3336: 3328:

period of conflict between the Northern Court and the Southern Court

3042: 2728: 2479:, and considered to be the first major sponsor of Buddhism in Japan. 2374:

is the oldest wooden structure in the world. It was commissioned by

2214:

annual immigrant influx from the continent range from 350 to 3,000.

2205: 1800: 1782: 15394: 15330: 15177: 15135: 14870: 14778: 14653: 14475: 14438: 14418: 12015: 8549:(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 55–56. 7706: 6497:

pp. 79–81. The Jōmon component is estimated at somewhere under 25%.

5851: 5836:"On the Pleistocene Population History in the Japanese Archipelago" 5602: 5481: 5407: 5284: 5169: 4939: 4931: 4895: 4804: 4545: 4469:

also passed, prescribing harsh penalties for political dissidents.

4400: 4391: 4307: 4180: 4066: 3996: 3924: 3859: 3851: 3515: 3430: 3218: 3019: 2825: 2379: 1995: 1924: 1777: 1237: 49: 13503: 13411: 12160:

Foreign Images and Experiences of Japan: 1: First Century AD-1841.

11922:

Japan's Foreign Policy 1945–2003: The Quest for a Proactive Policy

10029: 8116: 8114: 4684: 3326:, where he set up a rival government. This ushered in a prolonged 3210: 3097:

became the true power behind the government. In 1203, her father,

3077:

Yoritomo soon turned on Yoshitsune, who was initially harbored by

2772: 2696: 2641: 2503:. The Reform began with land reform, based on Confucian ideas and 2363: 1112: 15456: 15248: 15194: 15140: 14962: 14768: 14678: 14532: 14433: 14391: 14254: 14173: 14126: 14114: 13423: 13350: 13345: 12231: 12095:

Japan's International Relations: Politics, Economics and Security

11903:

Japanese Political History since the Meiji Restoration, 1868–2000

10508: 10061:

The Political Economy of East Asia: Striving for Wealth and Power

9546: 9073:(Information Technology in Geo-Engineering). IOS Press: 190–198. 7401: 7399: 7397: 5593: 5276: 4634: 4184: 3986: 3954: 3914: 3897: 3837: 3828: 3679: 3561: 3511: 3134: 3102: 3003: 2785: 2738: 2244: 1757: 1321: 10820:"Japan approves major defense overhaul in dramatic policy shift" 10817: 9872:

Klein, Thomas M. (1972). "The Ryukyus on the Eve of Reversion".

8439: 6829:. New York: Rizzoli International Publications. pp. 19–20. 6161:

Kidder, J. Edward (1993). "The Earliest Societies in Japan", in

5168:

Japan remained a close ally of the United States throughout the

4491:

and participation in international disarmament conferences. The

3128: 2152: 1887:(1868–1912) transformed the isolated feudal island country into 874: 15524: 15061: 15039: 14892: 14828: 14773: 14163: 14141: 14109: 14083: 13433: 13355: 13332: 13317: 13272: 12606: 12195: 11751:

Large, Stephen S. (2007). "Oligarchy, Democracy, and Fascism".

11347: 10601:"Reiwa: Japan Prepares to Enter New Era of 'Fortunate Harmony'" 9404: 9402: 8999: 8997: 8619: 8198:

A history of the global economy : from 1500 to the present

8111: 7089:

McCullough, William H. (1999). "The Heian Court, 794–1070," in

6987:

A Pest in the Land: New World Epidemics in a Global Perspective

5614: 5598: 5589: 5516: 5267: 4096: 3939: 3909: 3847: 3842: 3575: 3507: 3434: 3048: 2821: 2805: 2645: 2601: 2472: 2391: 2302: 2248: 2189: 1852: 1742: 1389: 1311: 1289: 1093: 309: 10559:[Press release no. 162 of the 2011 Tohuku earthquake] 9900: 8638: 8636: 8634: 7394: 6397:

The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Ritual and Religion,

4983:, Japan renounced its right to go to war with another nation. 4576:, a Japanese army stationed in China along the Japanese-owned 3659:. He burst onto the scene suddenly, in 1560, when, during the 2816:("Great Barbarian Subduing General"). In 802, seii tai-shōgun 2742:, which could rule in the place of an adult reigning emperor. 2583:

In 710, the government constructed a grandiose new capital at

15590: 15310: 15044: 14998: 14860: 14715: 14663: 14239: 14205: 13407: 13257: 13253: 12262: 9613: 8607: 8547:

A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present

8417: 8415: 8413: 7992: 7990: 7929: 7927: 7286: 6926:. Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley Blackwell. pp. 63-64. 5358: 5354: 5299: 5298:

Issues relating to war memory led to strained relations with

5233: 5227: 5221: 5212:, which heralded Japan's return to international prominence. 5101:

expanded at an annual rate of nearly 10% from 1956 until the

4206:

Government institutions developed rapidly in response to the

4108: 3930: 3885: 3400: 3122: 2716: 2508: 2457: 2434: 2314: 2280: 2101: 1840: 1726: 1692: 1436: 1384: 1353: 1108: 12011:

Giants of Japan: The Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women

11649:

The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective: World War Zero

11645: 10980: 10968: 10537: 10404: 10359: 10347: 10311: 10299: 10098: 10017: 9993: 9981: 9969: 9812: 9788: 9707: 9674: 9534: 9522: 9510: 9462: 9450: 9438: 9414: 9399: 9157: 8994: 8988: 8563: 8245:

Japan in the 21st Century: Environment, Economy, and Society

7692:"História Portugal-Japão (o comércio entre Macau e o Japão)" 7454: 7452: 7450: 7234: 7232: 6968: 6966: 6964: 6544: 6542: 6540: 5950:

Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Asia

4338:

to renegotiate the "unequal treaties". In 1902 Japan signed

3718:

in 1600, ushering in 268 years of uninterrupted rule by the

2499:. Their government devised and implemented the far-reaching 2327: 2306:

clay sculptures, often in the shape of warriors and horses.

1923:

that inflicted severe damage on population centers. Emperor

1843:), presided over a prosperous and peaceful era known as the 15536: 15497: 14977: 14833: 14763: 14683: 14555: 14068: 12218:"Japan as It Was and Is": A Handbook of Old Japan, Volume 1 11698:

Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo

11004: 10946: 10944: 10929: 10917: 9217: 9097: 9065:

Yamamoto Tsutomu; Matsukawa Shunsuke; Hisawa Haruo (2010).

9009: 8820: 8631: 7523:(2nd ed.). Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. pp. 161-162. 6989:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. p. 21. 5369:

in the world at 634 metres (2,080 ft), displacing the

4282:. In 1874, using the incident as a pretext, Japan launched 3593:

or "Temple of the Golden Pavilion" built in Kyoto in 1397.

2963: 2959:, often considered the masterpiece of Japanese literature. 2616: 11053: 10992: 10086: 9647:. New York: Ticknor & Fields. pp. 558, 578, 597, 600. 9498: 9474: 9327: 9300: 9181: 9121: 9109: 8970: 8958: 8934: 8898: 8763: 8712: 8676: 8597: 8595: 8582: 8580: 8578: 8475: 8427: 8410: 8174: 8138: 8126: 8007: 8005: 7987: 7939: 7924: 7876: 7828: 7816: 7794: 7792: 7010: 7008: 7006: 6784: 6782: 6780: 6583: 6581: 6566: 6063: 4380: 4019:

Samurai of the Satsuma Domain during the Boshin War, 1860s

3632:. The period takes its name from Nobunaga's headquarters, 3506:

Matsura Takanobu attacked two Portuguese trade vessels at

2914:, illustrating a scene from the "Bamboo River" chapter of 2331:

Territorial extent of Yamato court during the Kofun period

14848: 14614: 14572: 11226: 10681:"Japan edges from pacifism to more robust defense stance" 10275: 9743: 9719: 9601: 9387: 9317: 9315: 9169: 9021: 8910: 7975: 7476: 7447: 7411: 7382: 7370: 7358: 7334: 7310: 7298: 7274: 7229: 7145: 7133: 7108: 6961: 6699: 6537: 6525: 6029: 4963:

became responsible not to the Emperor but to the elected

4868:

by Emperor Hirohito on national radio the following day.

4844:

However, on 6 August 1945, the US dropped an atomic bomb

3756: 3581: 3526: 3226: 3109:. Henceforth, the Minamoto shoguns became puppets of the 3066:. Japan remained largely under military rule until 1868. 1836: 1399: 12112:

Prehistoric Japan: New Perspectives on Insular East Asia

11680:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard U. 11410:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 21. 10956: 10941: 10907: 10905: 10892: 10890: 10455: 10445:"United Nations Statistics Division - National Accounts" 10416: 10392: 10210: 10146: 10134: 10122: 9957: 9836: 9824: 9731: 9589: 9375: 9241: 9229: 8862: 8751: 8523: 8487: 8344: 8319: 8286: 7951: 7777: 7181: 6599: 6476:

Ruins of Identity: Ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands,

6367:

Prehistoric Japan: New Perspectives on Insular East Asia

4195:, although the most famous of the Meiji era writers was 3371:

broke out over who would succeed the ruling shogun. The

2448: 10875: 9426: 9044:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 3. 8886: 8808: 8700: 8688: 8592: 8575: 8511: 8499: 8463: 8377: 8247:. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. p. 60. 8162: 8099: 8041: 8002: 7888: 7852: 7804: 7789: 7737: 7534: 7423: 7322: 7032: 7003: 6892: 6880: 6777: 6687: 6641: 6578: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6143: 4479:

sparked unprecedented economic growth and earned Japan

4465:

was passed. However, in the same year the far-reaching

4249: 3945:

The Tokugawas sponsored and were heavily influenced by

11065: 10335: 10287: 10041: 9855: 9853: 9851: 9800: 9755: 9625: 9486: 9339: 9312: 9145: 8775: 8739: 8735:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 421. 8664: 8017: 7963: 7864: 7840: 7713: 7558: 7546: 7435: 7205: 7157: 7126:

Takeuchi, Rizo (1999). "The Rise of the Warriors", in

7044: 6904: 6868: 6856: 6168: 4823:, which allowed the United States to begin widespread 4000:

or "national learning", developed by scholars such as

3953:. The samurai class claimed to follow the ideology of 2615:, which describes the imperial line as descendants of 2421:

leader of Japan from 594 to 622. Shōtoku authored the

2243:, states that by 240 AD, the powerful kingdom of 1776:. After seizing power, Yoritomo set up his capital in 12171:

A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations

11490:

Population, Disease, and Land in Early Japan, 645–900

11383: 11326: 11314: 11302: 10902: 10887: 10818:

Jesse Johnson, Gabriel Dominguez (16 December 2022).

10557:"平成23年（2011年）東北地方太平洋沖地震（東日本大震災）について（第162報）（令和4年3月8日）" 10475:"Japan Finishes World's Tallest Communications Tower" 10434:

Japan Statistical Agency monthly Population Estimate.

10323: 10005: 9945: 9912: 9205: 9193: 9133: 8946: 8922: 8196:; International Economic History Association (2016). 7570: 7262: 7217: 7169: 6711: 6303:

A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations

5157:. In accordance with US policy, Japan recognized the 4835:

would be even bloodier. The Japanese superbattleship

4483:

seized from Germany. After the war, Japan signed the

4269:

Chinese generals surrendering to the Japanese in the

3596: 3074:"simple warrior rule" of the later Muromachi period. 2644:, and once completed it was used by the Chinese monk 1903:

in 1931, and from 1937 the conflict escalated into a

1772:

of 1180–85, defeating their rival military clan, the

1756:— and then to the military clans and their armies of 11537:

Gao, Bai (2009). "The Postwar Japanese Economy". In

10198: 9363: 8874: 8451: 8274: 8150: 8063:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 356–357. 8029: 7912: 7900: 7725: 7346: 7068: 7056: 7020: 6949: 6937: 6806: 6794: 6554: 6513: 6281: 5638: 4552:

Manchurian Incident and the Second Sino-Japanese War

3960: 3351:

Kinkaku-ji was built in 1397 by Ashikaga Yoshimitsu.

1952:

was enacted in 1947 that transformed Japan into the

12148:. Pearson Education. 215pp; brief history textbook. 10838:"A plea and a promise for 2023: No more 'pacifism'" 10259:. About Japan: A Teacher's Resource. Archived from 10253:"Japan's Rebirth at the 1964 Tokyo Summer Olympics" 10110: 10074: 9848: 9645:

Tennozan: The Battle of Okinawa and the Atomic Bomb

9351: 8657:Beasley, WG (1962). "Japan". In Hinsley, FH (ed.). 8306:

Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan

8082:"Dejima Nagasaki | JapanVisitor Japan Travel Guide" 7488: 7464: 7193: 7096: 6922:Deal, William E and Ruppert, Brian Douglas (2015). 6129:. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge Press. pp. 3, 258. 6104: 5927:"'Jomon woman' helps solve Japan's genetic mystery" 5706:

Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History

5333:Wreckage at a railway station destroyed during the 5061:

longest serving prime ministers in Japanese history

4841:was sunk en route to aid in the Battle of Okinawa. 4785:The tide began to turn against Japan following the 4526:, began writing popular mystery and crime stories. 2660:tried to establish his own dynasty with the aid of 1976:of the 1990s, Japanese economic growth has slowed. 11875: 11845: 11780: 11403: 10169: 7130:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 675-677 6300:; Miranda Brown; David Lurie; Suzanne Gay (2012). 5897:Bulletin of the Society for East Asian Archaeology 5893:"A Comment on the Yayoi Period Dating Controversy" 4856:and other territories, and Nagasaki was struck by 4808:pilots who crashed their planes into enemy ships. 3938:(1644–1694), also rose as a major form of poetry. 3934:, whose greatest master is generally agreed to be 3795:in 1615. Soon after the shogunate promulgated the 2300:were often surrounded by and filled with numerous 1891:that closely followed Western models and became a 9568:Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire 8267:Hirschmeier, Johannes and Yui, Tsunehiko (1975). 6729: 4407:opened and it is the oldest subway line in Asia. 3525:The Black Ship Portuguese traders that came from 2812:was the first man the court granted the title of 1853:cut off almost all contact with the outside world 15779: 11588:A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower 11082: 11080: 10813: 10811: 9777:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 121. 7093:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 30–31 6508:Multicultural Japan: Palaeolithic to Postmodern. 5484:which is near Taiwan. Japanese Defense Minister 5018: 4864:was communicated to the Allies on 14 August and 3233:The Illustrated Account of the Mongol Invasion ( 3229:Buddhism spread widely among the samurai class. 2043:and up to 20,000 years ago on Ishigaki Island's 1979: 11156: 11154: 8661:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 472 8269:The Development of Japanese Business, 1600-1973 5560: 4957:International Military Tribunal of the Far East 4637:, the Japanese military committed the infamous 4142: 3811:to spend every other year in Edo. Even so, the 3279: 3018:. Though Yoritomo set up his own government in 1798:. During this period, regional warlords called 1741:from this time and onwards was a mix of native 11764:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. 11755:. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing. 6326:Crawford, Gary W. "Japan and Korea:Japan", in 5567: 5395: 3053: 3031: 2983: 2820:subjugated the Emishi people, who were led by 2632:that killed over a quarter of the population. 2092:culture that reached a considerable degree of 13926: 13519: 12247: 11805: 11119: 11117: 11077: 10858: 10808: 9671:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 368 9619: 9042:Concise Dictionary of Modern Japanese History 8848:. New York: Harper Collins. pp. 27, 30. 8613: 7085: 7083: 6851:Foreigners in Japan: A Historical Perspective 5322:, and visits by some Japanese politicians to 3153:, along with two other emperors, the retired 2891:. Yoritomo and his retainers thus became the 1652: 833: 11806:Morton, W Scott; Olenike, J Kenneth (2004). 11515:Japan to 1600: A Social and Economic History 11151: 11037:Nemesis : The Battle for Japan, 1944–45 10678: 10222: 8261: 7506:Turnbull, Stephen and Hook, Richard (2005). 6165:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 59 5890: 5256: 5126:, stock and real-estate loans grew rapidly. 5094:, which assured their employees a safe job. 5088:Ministry of International Trade and Industry 4422: 3889:("floating world"). This lifestyle inspired 3585:theater. Though the eighth Ashikaga shogun, 2732:("regent") to the underage emperor. His son 2571:. This Buddhist temple was sponsored by the 2339:. Craftsmen and scholars from China and the 2258: 1847:(1600–1868). The Tokugawa shogunate imposed 12168: 12084:Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan (first series) 11943:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 351–371. 11829:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 389–406. 11701:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 11612: 11545:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 299–314. 11442:Social Research: An International Quarterly 11126:第35回教科書から『士農工商』が消えたー後編ー令和3年広報うき「ウキカラ」8月号 10756: 10754: 10752: 10750: 10511:. Archived from the original on 3 June 2012 10479:Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 8964: 8653: 8651: 6606:. Cambridge University Press. p. 529. 6510:New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 40 5390:damaged the nuclear facilities in Fukushima 5133:in 1956, successfully normalized relations 4529: 4081: 2511:. It nationalized all land in Japan, to be 13940: 13933: 13919: 13526: 13512: 12254: 12240: 11637:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 11435: 11348:Moriguchi, Chiaki; Saez, Emmanuel (2008). 11343: 11341: 11286:(in Japanese). 6 June 2023. Archived from 11114: 8356: 8228:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7611:Portugal and the Japan: The Namban Century 7249: 7247: 7080: 6669:(1st ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: 4445:to resign as prime minister. This and the 3739:Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first 3399:. One enduring symbol of this era was the 2667: 2081:Reconstruction of a Jōmon family from the 1659: 1645: 840: 826: 11431: 11429: 11427: 11270: 11028: 10371: 9669:The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 6. 8724: 8389: 8242: 8053: 7662: 7519:Hane, Mikiso and Perez, Louis G. (2015). 7128:The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 2. 7091:The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 2. 6752: 6163:The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 1. 6048: 5859: 5786:Japanese foreign policy on Southeast Asia 4620:and the Japanese occupation of Manchuria. 4473:Japan's participation in World War I 3865: 3730: 2887:, scored a decisive victory at the naval 2441:). By 670, a variant of this expression, 2358: 2026:black outline indicates present-day Japan 1935:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 11938: 11666: 11584: 11247:結婚は主君の許可が必要だが、離婚するときはどうだった？江戸時代「武士」の一生行事 11034: 11022: 10986: 10974: 10962: 10950: 10881: 10747: 10593: 10543: 10461: 10422: 10410: 10398: 10365: 10353: 10317: 10305: 10164: 10104: 10035: 10023: 9999: 9987: 9975: 9963: 9924: 9842: 9830: 9818: 9794: 9737: 9713: 9680: 9595: 9552: 9540: 9528: 9516: 9468: 9456: 9444: 9420: 9408: 9247: 9235: 9163: 9015: 9003: 8976: 8892: 8826: 8814: 8757: 8730: 8706: 8694: 8682: 8648: 8642: 8625: 8601: 8586: 8569: 8517: 8421: 8168: 8105: 8047: 7996: 7945: 7933: 7894: 7834: 7798: 7783: 7749: 7637: 7552: 7500: 7458: 7441: 7388: 7376: 7316: 7238: 7211: 7163: 7151: 7139: 7120: 7050: 6972: 6910: 6874: 6862: 6705: 6653: 6572: 6548: 6531: 6174: 5833: 5621:communities. These people, later called 5533: 5328: 5266: 5122:became the largest in the world. During 5032: 4901: 4898:, at their first meeting, September 1945 4881: 4810: 4698: 4683: 4611: 4555: 4344: 4286:to Taiwan to assert their claims to the 4263: 4095: 4014: 3869: 3799:, which imposed tighter controls on the 3734: 3642: 3606: 3520: 3455: 3354: 3346: 3297: 3038:Eastern Barbarian Subduing Great General 2993: 2902: 2695: 2684: 2567:The Daibutsu-den, within the complex of 2562: 2552: 2463: 2447: 2362: 2326: 2262: 2194: 2076: 1994: 1861:introducing firearms to Japanese warfare 12527:Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598) 12114:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 12109: 11778: 11338: 11194: 10674: 10672: 10670: 10668: 10250: 9767: 9686: 9637: 9432: 9033: 8845:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan 8535: 8445: 8397:Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan Volume 1 8364:Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan Volume 3 7981: 7755: 7244: 6924:A Cultural History of Japanese Buddhism 6916: 6843: 6824: 6818: 6628:Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan Volume 1 6363: 6023: 5969: 5515:system, which introduced a patrilineal 5118:stock market index had doubled and the 5042:longest serving PMs in Japanese history 4381:Economic modernization and labor unrest 3791:that ended with the destruction of the 3755:, which ruled from the eastern city of 3533:In 1571, Dom Bartolomeu, also known as 3403:, skilled spies and assassins hired by 3046:. Yoritomo's government was called the 2853:a dispute over succession to the throne 2689:Miniature model of the ancient capital 2237:. A later Chinese work of history, the 1960:it is today. After 1955, Japan enjoyed 14: 15780: 12004: 11985: 11957: 11870: 11675: 11511: 11486: 11424: 11238: 11071: 11059: 11010: 10998: 10935: 10923: 10911: 10896: 10830: 10625:"Tokyo Olympics to start in July 2021" 10341: 10293: 10092: 10047: 9865: 9806: 9761: 9631: 9558: 9504: 9492: 9480: 9345: 9333: 9321: 9306: 9223: 9151: 9127: 9115: 9103: 9039: 8904: 8787: 8781: 8769: 8745: 8718: 8670: 8541: 8481: 8433: 8331: 8236: 8186: 8180: 8144: 8132: 8120: 8023: 7969: 7882: 7870: 7846: 7822: 7719: 7663:Hesselink, Reinier (7 December 2015). 7633: 7631: 7576: 7482: 7417: 7405: 7364: 7352: 7304: 7280: 7268: 7223: 7175: 7114: 7074: 7062: 7014: 6984: 6978: 6955: 6943: 6898: 6812: 6800: 6788: 6717: 6693: 6620: 6587: 6560: 6519: 6306:. Cengage Learning. pp. 138–143. 6186: 6180: 6155: 6149: 6110: 5963: 5769:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 5613:Populations of workers in professions 5464:while campaigning two days before the 5444:On 8 July 2022, former Prime Minister 4871: 4825:bombing raids on the Japanese mainland 4647:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 3957:, literally "the way of the warrior". 2746:, an exceptional statesman who became 15104: 14743: 14009: 13914: 13507: 12235: 12173:. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. 12118: 11843: 11824: 11759: 11750: 11715: 11694: 11389: 11332: 11320: 11308: 11232: 10329: 10281: 10230:"Shinkansen – Bullet Trains in Japan" 10216: 10204: 10011: 9951: 9918: 9906: 9871: 9859: 9749: 9725: 9658: 9607: 9564: 9393: 9357: 9259: 9211: 9199: 9187: 9175: 9139: 9027: 8952: 8940: 8928: 8916: 8880: 8505: 8469: 8383: 8298: 8156: 8035: 8011: 7918: 7858: 7810: 7743: 7731: 7704: 7607: 7564: 7540: 7494: 7470: 7429: 7340: 7328: 7292: 7199: 7187: 7102: 7038: 7026: 6886: 6659: 6647: 6500: 6002: 5884: 5759:History of Japanese foreign relations 5714:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 5153:over the ownership of the islands of 4793:, in which Allied troops wrested the 4540:History of Japanese foreign relations 4256:History of Japanese foreign relations 3725: 3359:Map showing the territories of major 2855:erupted and the two rival claimants ( 2707:In 784, the capital moved briefly to 2398:. The period draws its name from the 2030:Hunter-gatherers arrived in Japan in 1984: 15105: 12066:Introduction to the History of Japan 11919: 11900: 11744:Okinawa: History of an Island People 11741: 11563:Premodern Japan: A Historical Survey 11559: 11401: 11039:. London: HarperPress. p. 379. 10725: 10665: 10428: 10158: 10152: 10140: 10128: 10063:. Washington, DC: CQ Press. p. 156. 10053: 9381: 9369: 8868: 8832: 8797:. Rutland, Vermont: Tuttle. p. 315. 8529: 8493: 8457: 8350: 8325: 8292: 8280: 7957: 7906: 7521:Premodern Japan: A Historical Survey 7513: 6723: 6333:The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, 6122: 6116: 5834:Nakazawa, Yuichi (1 December 2017). 5829: 5827: 5592:, with 80% of peasants under the 5% 5495: 5473:2022 visit by Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan 5253:and other culture from the country. 4860:, killing around 40,000 people. The 4695:preparing the attack on Pearl Harbor 4607:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 4250:Rise of imperialism and the military 4208:Freedom and People's Rights Movement 3544: 3145:instigated what became known as the 3132:, from among his close vassals, the 2309:The center of the unified state was 1804:grew in power at the expense of the 13533: 11746:. Rutland, Vermont: Tuttle Company. 11536: 10852: 10570:Fire and Disaster Management Agency 10437: 10116: 10080: 8838: 8308:. New York: Facts on File. p. 296. 7628: 7588: 5937:from the original on 26 April 2020. 5417:In 2020, Tokyo was due to host the 4365:of 1904–05 ended with the dramatic 3990:or "Dutch learning". The physician 3081:, the grandson of Kiyohira and the 1808:. Eventually, Japan descended into 1671:The first human inhabitants of the 24: 12703:2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami 12261: 12146:Japan in Transformation, 1952–2000 12034: 11357:Review of Economics and Statistics 10859:Jennifer Lind (23 December 2022). 10796:from the original on 4 August 2022 9932:Turning Points in Japanese History 9696:. Basingstoke: Macmillan. p. 177. 8793:Mason, RHP and Caiger, JG (1997). 8271:. London: Allen & Unwin. p. 32 5941: 5907:from the original on 1 August 2019 5780:History of Sino-Japanese relations 5466:2022 House of Councillors election 5414:, Emperor Akihito, on 1 May 2019. 4924:Supreme Commander of Allied Powers 4073:led to the fall of the shogunate. 3597:Azuchi–Momoyama period (1568–1600) 3550:with China and Korea. Because the 3429:, just south of Kyushu. The three 3014:chose to rule in concert with the 3006:were the de facto rulers of Japan. 2520:of 672, a bloody conflict between 2353: 2350:centuries before written records. 1823:. After Toyotomi's death in 1598, 1679:, around 38–39,000 years ago. The 25: 15814: 15057:Megalithic architectural elements 12570:Imperial Constitution (1890–1947) 12188: 11438:"Burakumin at the End of History" 11254:. 31 January 2022. Archived from 10822:. The Japan Times. Archived from 10643:"Tokyo 2021: Olympic Medal Count" 8989:Schimmelpenninck van der Oye 2005 7689: 7640:Samurai: The World of the Warrior 5919: 5824: 5458:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force 5196:to step down. Kishi's successor, 5182:Article 9 of Japan's constitution 4971:, which had been a pillar of the 4815:Atomic cloud over Hiroshima, 1945 4481:new colonies in the South Pacific 3961:Decline and fall of the shogunate 3928:, a new import to Japan in 1600. 3010:Upon the consolidation of power, 2840:took full power; his family, the 2796:, acquired large armies and many 1933:on 15 August 1945, following the 14744: 13894: 13885: 13884: 13488: 13487: 13476: 12206: 12194: 12126:(paperback ed.). New York: 11723:(paperback ed.). New York: 11479: 11395: 11016: 10844:. 3 January 2023. Archived from 10785:"中国が弾道ミサイル9発発射うち5発は日本のEEZ内に"防衛省 10776: 10695: 10635: 10617: 10599:McCurry, Justin (1 April 2019). 10549: 10497: 10467: 10244: 9253: 9058: 8733:Science & Technology Almanac 8074: 7698: 7683: 7656: 6853:. Kathmandu: Rabin Gurung. p. 29 5808:List of prime ministers of Japan 5775:History of Japan–Korea relations 5764:Foreign relations of Meiji Japan 5700:Bibliography of Japanese history 5669: 5655: 5641: 5543:, higher than most court nobles. 5430:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 5249:contributed to a steady flow of 5013:revised US-Japan Security Treaty 4789:in June 1942 and the subsequent 4244:Shinto became the state religion 4092:Foreign relations of Meiji Japan 3636:, and Hideyoshi's headquarters, 3267: 3255: 3243: 2935:, both associated with the poet 2898: 2378:and represents the beginning of 2145: 2133: 2117: 1827:came to power and was appointed 1729:), marking the beginning of the 1626: 953:Post-Japanese occupation history 873: 48: 15676:Evolutionary origin of religion 12177:Tames, Richard, et al. (2008). 11941:A Companion to Japanese History 11827:A Companion to Japanese History 11753:A Companion to Japanese History 11543:A Companion to Japanese History 11279:江戸時代の武家の結婚は簡単じゃなかった。幕府の許可も必要だった 10768:. 5 August 2022. Archived from 7666:The Dream of Christian Nagasaki 7601: 7595:Arquivo Nacional Torre do Tombo 7582: 6985:Alchon, Suzanne Austin (2003). 6593: 6464: 6421: 6388: 6357: 6320: 6248: 6215: 6010:A Companion to Japanese History 5308:Japanese officials and emperors 5306:on several occasions. Although 4969:renounce his claims to divinity 4947:were granted independence, the 4669: 4312:Hokkaidō Development Commission 4076: 3682:, Kyushu, and the lands of the 3414: 2978: 2164: 2066: 1704:Around the 3rd century BC, the 13852:British Indian Ocean Territory 13056:Agriculture, forestry, fishing 12180:A Traveller's History of Japan 12093:Hook, Glenn D. et al. (2011). 11990:. Cambridge University Press. 11808:Japan: Its History and Culture 11512:Farris, William Wayne (2009). 11495:Harvard University Asia Center 11487:Farris, William Wayne (1995). 11089:「士農工商」や「四民平等」の用語が使われていないことについて 10792:(in Japanese). 4 August 2022. 10679:Martin Fritz (28 April 2022). 10481:. 1 March 2012. Archived from 10251:Droubie, Paul (31 July 2008). 9667:(1988). "The Pacific War", in 7642:. Bloomsbury USA. p. 13. 6603:The Cambridge History of Japan 6057: 5974:in the Japanese archipelago". 5731:, Japanese studies, in English 5582:), craftsmen, and merchants" ( 5388:region. The resulting tsunami 5316:denial of the Nanjing Massacre 4463:Universal Manhood Suffrage Law 4340:an important military alliance 4036:imposed what became known as " 4027:threw Japan into turmoil. The 3306:who was the founder and first 2423:Seventeen-article constitution 2247:, ruled by the female monarch 1873:return of power to the emperor 13: 1: 15289:Art of the Middle Paleolithic 14819:British megalith architecture 11671:. Cambridge University Press. 11210:(in Japanese). Archived from 11175:(in Japanese). Archived from 11135:(in Japanese). Archived from 11098:(in Japanese). Archived from 10739:. 8 July 2022. Archived from 9934:. London: Routledge. p. 216. 9079:10.3233/978-1-60750-617-1-190 8341:. New York: Tuttle. pp. 14–15 8061:Japan at War: An Encyclopedia 7591:"Atlas de Fernão Vaz Dourado" 6330:, Alexander A. Bauer (eds.), 5754:History of Japanese Americans 5320:revisionist history textbooks 5208:line, and the widely praised 5129:Japan became a member of the 5019:Postwar growth and prosperity 4161:advisers from Western nations 3213:(1133–1212), who established 3002:in which the shogun with the 2908: 2595:, the capital of the Chinese 2012: regions above sea level 1980:Prehistoric and ancient Japan 15284:Art of the Upper Paleolithic 14824:Nordic megalith architecture 12214:travel guide from Wikivoyage 12169:Schirokauer, Conrad (2013). 11493:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 7758:The Journal of Asian Studies 6090:10.1016/j.quaint.2017.12.012 5996:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.01.030 5818: 5813:Timeline of Japanese history 5791:Japan–Soviet Union relations 5736:Social Science Japan Journal 5384:struck Japan's northeastern 5373:. It is currently the third 5067:merged in 1955 into the new 4664:invasion of French Indochina 4143:Political and social changes 4065:and his advisors to issue a 3797:Laws for the Military Houses 3280:Muromachi period (1333–1568) 3113:, who wielded actual power. 2943:'s collection of miscellany 2907:A handscroll painting dated 2754:ceded the throne to his son 2630:smallpox epidemic in 735–737 1964:under the governance of the 1939:Soviet invasion of Manchuria 1768:emerged victorious from the 1695:was recorded in the Chinese 7: 12644:1923 Great Kantō earthquake 12590:Abolition of the han system 12151:Kitaoka, Shin’ichi (2019). 12045:. Tokyo, Sophia University. 11613:Connaughton, R. M. (1988). 10257:aboutjapan.japansociety.org 9692:Nester, William R. (1996). 8399:. Tokyo: Kodansha. p. 222. 7510:. Oxford: Osprey. pp. 53–54 6630:. Tokyo: Kodansha. p. 107. 6344:Oxford University Press USA 5721:Journal of Japanese Studies 5634: 5561: 5396:Reiwa period (2019–present) 5335:2011 earthquake and tsunami 5124:the ensuing economic bubble 4567:The Empire of Japan in 1937 4226:, responded by writing the 3805:alternate attendance system 2984:Kamakura period (1185–1333) 2808:people of northern Honshu. 2784:set up their own armies of 2483:In 645, the Soga clan were 2290:keyhole-shaped burial mound 2140:Middle Jōmon vase (2000 BC) 1948:until 1952, during which a 10: 15819: 15432:British Isles and Brittany 15353:Gwion Gwion rock paintings 12144:Kingston, Jeffrey (2001). 12041:Chang, Richard T. (1970). 11988:A Concise History of Japan 11878:A History of Japan to 1334 11789:W. W. Norton & Company 11779:McClain, James L. (2002). 11678:The Making of Modern Japan 11667:Holcombe, Charles (2017). 11585:Henshall, Kenneth (2012). 11520:University of Hawaii Press 8366:. Tokyo: Kodansha. p. 15. 8339:Little Songs of the Geisha 8200:. Cambridge. p. 177. 7638:Turnbull, Stephen (2006). 6825:Akiyama, Terukazu (1977). 6487:University of Hawaii Press 6441:Cambridge University Press 6372:University of Hawaii Press 6268:University of Hawaii Press 5399: 5260: 5163:People's Republic of China 5141:over the ownership of the 5044:(1946–1947 and 1948–1954). 5022: 4988:San Francisco Peace Treaty 4912:Treaty of Peace with Japan 4875: 4852:declared war on Japan and 4833:invasion of mainland Japan 4690:Japanese aircraft carrier 4673: 4533: 4433:During the short reign of 4426: 4253: 4085: 3964: 3922:) and music played on the 3743:of the Tokugawa shogunate. 3600: 3418: 3283: 2987: 2824:. By 1051, members of the 2671: 2556: 2168: 2070: 1988: 1913:war with the United States 15634: 15447: 15274: 15121: 15117: 15100: 14986: 14950: 14799: 14756: 14752: 14739: 14546: 14377: 14350: 14275: 14201: 14192: 14097: 14022: 14018: 14010: 14005: 13948: 13880: 13839: 13799: 13541: 13471: 13239: 13117: 13108: 13051: 13042: 12977: 12854: 12850: 12841: 12754: 12745: 12713: 12656:Japan during World War II 12626: 12535: 12473:Mongol invasions of Japan 12448: 12373: 12300: 12291: 12273: 12128:Columbia University Press 11884:Stanford University Press 11810:. New York: McGraw-Hill. 11760:Meyer, Milton W. (2009). 11725:Columbia University Press 10529:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 10038:, pp. 162, 166, 182. 9620:Morton & Olenike 2004 8614:Morton & Olenike 2004 8243:Pradyumna, Karan (2010). 7770:10.1017/S0021911804001950 7614:. Portuguese State Mint. 7253:Perkins, Dorothy (1991). 6201:10.1017/S0003598X00093686 5803:List of Emperors of Japan 5685:Economic history of Japan 5568: 5437:Russia's trade status as 5257:Heisei period (1989–2019) 5178:Japan Self-Defense Forces 5029:Japanese economic miracle 4959:tried war criminals. The 4680:Japan during World War II 4423:Taishō period (1912–1926) 4415:of 1910, after which the 4260:Military history of Japan 4127:from Satsuma, as well as 4100:Emperor Meiji, the 122nd 3908:Forms of theater such as 3785:invade the Ryukyu Kingdom 3763:declared Tokugawa Ieyasu 3759:(modern Tokyo). In 1603, 3655:of the small province of 3310:of the Ashikaga shogunate 3221:(1222–1282), who founded 3054: 3032: 2259:Kofun period (c. 250–538) 2051:, including the elephant 1962:very high economic growth 1701:in the first century AD. 388:Invasion of Taiwan (1895) 363:Invasion of Taiwan (1874) 13601:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 12930:House of Representatives 12726:2019 imperial transition 12698:Great Hanshin earthquake 12666:Second Sino-Japanese War 12639:Japan during World War I 12052:53#2, pp. 346–366. 12050:Journal of Asian Studies 11844:Perez, Louis G. (1998). 11762:Japan: A Concise History 11278: 11246: 11202: 11162: 11125: 11088: 10784: 10590:Page 31 of the PDF file. 10178:Cambridge, Massachusetts 9909:, pp. 156–157, 162. 9775:Feminism in Modern Japan 9555:, pp. 131–132, 135. 9260:Kenji, Hasegawa (2020). 8448:, pp. 123–124, 128. 8304:Deal, William E (2006). 8123:, pp. 237, 252–253. 7408:, pp. 141–142, 149. 7295:, pp. 892–893, 897. 6070:Quaternary International 6012:. Malden MA: Blackwell. 5976:Quaternary International 5412:abdication of his father 5410:'s reign began upon the 5347:Japanese popular culture 5279:'s reign began upon the 5190:US-Japan Security Treaty 5069:Liberal Democratic Party 4992:US-Japan Security Treaty 4955:were abolished, and the 4736:Acquisitions (1930–1942) 4726:Acquisitions (1895–1930) 4627:Second Sino-Japanese War 4578:South Manchuria Railroad 4530:Shōwa period (1926–1989) 4461:was introduced when the 4232:House of Representatives 4179:proved the link between 4082:Meiji period (1868–1912) 3565:flower arrangement, the 3174:two full-scale invasions 2045:Shiraho Saonetabaru Cave 1966:Liberal Democratic Party 1905:prolonged war with China 1851:on Japanese society and 1786:. In 1274 and 1281, the 1675:have been traced to the 600:Great Hanshin earthquake 518:Second Sino-Japanese War 15664:Evolutionary musicology 15067:Oldest extant buildings 14994:Archaeological features 14513:Prepared-core technique 13862:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 12613:First Sino-Japanese War 12110:Imamura, Keiji (1996). 11920:Togo, Kazuhiko (2005). 11783:Japan: A Modern History 11676:Jansen, Marius (2000). 10381:. Leiden: Brill. p. 3. 10168:; Hoshi, Takeo (1992). 9643:Feifer, George (1992). 9565:Frank, Richard (1999). 8731:Lauerman, Lynn (2002). 6849:Kshetry, Gopal (2008). 6482:5 December 2022 at the 6436:5 December 2022 at the 6427:Mizoguchi, Koji (2013) 6408:Oxford University Press 6403:5 December 2022 at the 6364:Imamura, Keiji (1996). 6339:5 December 2022 at the 6263:5 December 2022 at the 6230:5 December 2022 at the 6037:Anthropological Science 5749:History of Japanese art 5695:Historiography of Japan 5578:of "samurai, peasants ( 4603:attempted a coup d'état 4459:universal male suffrage 4439:Taishō political crisis 4375:full annexation in 1910 4328:First Sino-Japanese War 4271:First Sino-Japanese War 4224:Prime Minister of Japan 3903:multiple printed colors 3491:attacked the castle in 3453:disembarked in Kyushu. 3363:families around 1570 CE 3090:idealized tragic hero. 3016:Imperial Court in Kyoto 2962:The development of the 2711:, then again in 794 to 2668:Heian period (794–1185) 2406:, in the Kinai region. 2341:Three Kingdoms of Korea 2209:) of the 3rd century AD 2007:about 20,000 years ago 1958:parliamentary democracy 1954:constitutional monarchy 1881:new national leadership 1739:Japanese religious life 918:Science, and Technology 446:Intervention in Siberia 373:First Sino-Japanese War 15626:Unchambered long cairn 15474:Mound Builders culture 14807:Neolithic architecture 13942:Prehistoric technology 13081:Science and technology 12520:Council of Five Elders 12515:Azuchi–Momoyama period 12103:1 October 2021 at the 12063:Hara, Katsuro (2010). 11986:Walker, Brett (2015). 11905:. New York: Palgrave. 11901:Sims, Richard (2001). 11652:. Vol. I. BRILL. 11035:Hastings, Max (2007). 10236:. 2020. Archived from 9040:Hunter, Janet (1984). 8628:, pp. 75–76, 217. 6126:Ancient Jomon of Japan 5544: 5382:2011 Tōhoku earthquake 5380:On 11 March 2011, the 5337: 5318:and other war crimes, 5272: 5045: 4949:Peace Preservation Law 4915: 4906:US Secretary of State 4899: 4816: 4739: 4696: 4621: 4568: 4493:Great Kantō earthquake 4467:Peace Preservation Law 4405:Tokyo Metro Ginza Line 4354: 4296:Imperial Japanese Army 4275: 4159:and hired hundreds of 4104: 4020: 3879: 3866:Culture and philosophy 3807:, which required each 3744: 3731:Edo period (1600–1868) 3648: 3621: 3603:Azuchi–Momoyama period 3530: 3461: 3364: 3352: 3311: 3007: 2920: 2885:Minamoto no Yoshitsune 2830:Former Nine Years' War 2818:Sakanoue no Tamuramaro 2736:created the office of 2704: 2693: 2580: 2480: 2461: 2437:characters for Japan ( 2383: 2359:Asuka period (538–710) 2332: 2274:During the subsequent 2271: 2210: 2124:A vase from the early 2085: 2054:Palaeoloxodon naumanni 2027: 1909:attack on Pearl Harbor 1835:, which governed from 1780:and took the title of 1687:, was followed by the 1052:Japanese Sign Language 780:Science and technology 528:Attack on Pearl Harbor 451:Great Kantō earthquake 393:Colonization of Taiwan 320:Convention of Kanagawa 160:Former Nine Years' War 103:1000 BC – 300 AD 89:14,000 – 1000 BC 15301:List of Stone Age art 14503:Microblade technology 14451:Langdale axe industry 14049:Ard / plough 13026:Deputy Prime Minister 12411:Asuka Kiyomihara Code 12158:McOmie, William, ed. 12072:registration required 11742:Kerr, George (1958). 11560:Hane, Mikiso (1991). 11454:10.1353/sor.2003.0019 11369:10.1162/rest.90.4.713 10573:]. Archived from 9773:Mackie, Vera (2003). 9278:10.1353/mni.2020.0002 6745:10.1353/asi.2007.0016 5891:Shinya Shōda (2007). 5537: 5332: 5270: 5135:with the Soviet Union 5082:ended inflation. The 5036: 4953:Special Higher Police 4905: 4885: 4814: 4791:Battle of Guadalcanal 4716:Territory (1870–1895) 4702: 4687: 4615: 4609:was founded in 1940. 4566: 4413:High Treason Incident 4373:in 1905, followed by 4348: 4326:. During the ensuing 4284:a military expedition 4267: 4254:Further information: 4099: 4025:Matthew C. Perry 4018: 3873: 3738: 3646: 3615:screen depicting the 3610: 3529:and Macau once a year 3524: 3487:In 1561 forces under 3459: 3381:Warring States period 3358: 3350: 3301: 3161:, who were exiled to 3141:In 1221, the retired 2997: 2906: 2744:Fujiwara no Michinaga 2734:Fujiwara no Mototsune 2726:had himself declared 2724:Fujiwara no Yoshifusa 2699: 2688: 2566: 2553:Nara period (710–794) 2495:, the founder of the 2471:was a semi-legendary 2467: 2451: 2366: 2330: 2266: 2198: 2155:figurine of the late 2080: 2057:, and the giant deer 1998: 1968:, and became a world 1946:Allies occupied Japan 1869:fall of the shogunate 1849:a strict class system 1810:a period of civil war 1327:Pottery and porcelain 493:Invasion of Manchuria 418:Colonization of Korea 378:Treaty of Shimonoseki 117:300 AD – 538 AD 15798:Japanese nationalism 15708:Prehistoric medicine 15703:Prehistoric counting 15686:Prehistoric religion 15681:Paleolithic religion 15659:Behavioral modernity 15016:Causewayed enclosure 14908:Abri de la Madeleine 14032:Neolithic Revolution 13776:United Arab Emirates 12935:House of Councillors 12829:World Heritage Sites 12203:at Wikimedia Commons 11969:Blackwell Publishing 11848:The History of Japan 11695:Kapur, Nick (2018). 11402:Duus, Peter (1995). 11013:, pp. 159, 160. 10938:, pp. 152, 157. 10926:, pp. 152, 181. 10871:on 23 December 2022. 10826:on 16 December 2022. 10606:4 April 2019 at the 10172:The Japanese Economy 9226:, pp. 384, 428. 9190:, pp. 179, 193. 9106:, pp. 312, 335. 8943:, pp. 115, 121. 8337:Dalby, Liza (2010). 8086:www.japanvisitor.com 7705:Hesselink, Reinier. 7608:Costa, João (1993). 7343:, pp. 672, 831. 6418:pp. 457–468, p. 462. 6374:. pp. 165–178. 6328:Neil Asher Silberman 6123:Habu, Junko (2004). 5840:Current Anthropology 5744:History of East Asia 5677:Ancient Japan portal 5557:neo-Confucian theory 5247:U.S. troops in Japan 5202:Income Doubling Plan 5120:Tokyo Stock Exchange 4926:, served as Japan's 4858:a second atomic bomb 4707:at its peak in 1942: 4485:Treaty of Versailles 4359:Battle of Yalu River 4240:Japanese nationalism 4173:Kitasato Shibasaburō 3716:Battle of Sekigahara 3617:Battle of Sekigahara 3498:Battle of Fukuda Bay 3443:brought Christianity 3195:launched a rebellion 3155:Emperor Tsuchimikado 3107:Minamoto no Sanetomo 3103:regent to the shogun 3079:Fujiwara no Hidehira 3012:Minamoto no Yoritomo 2889:Battle of Dan-no-ura 2877:Minamoto no Yoritomo 2857:Emperor Go-Shirakawa 2838:Fujiwara no Kiyohira 2834:Later Three-Year War 2703:in the 11th century 2701:Later Three-Year War 2493:Fujiwara no Kamatari 2485:overthrown in a coup 2288:, a 486 m-long 2181:Neolithic Revolution 2083:Sannai-Maruyama Site 2001:Last Glacial Maximum 1991:Japanese Paleolithic 1831:by the emperor. The 1766:Minamoto no Yoritomo 1673:Japanese archipelago 1541:World Heritage Sites 1489:Association football 1447:Mobile phone culture 790:World Heritage Sites 503:February 26 incident 408:Treaty of Portsmouth 269:Battle of Sekigahara 165:Later Three-Year War 15747:Prehistoric warfare 14493:Magdalenian culture 14456:Levallois technique 14387:Earliest toolmaking 13803:limited recognition 12952:Self-Defense Forces 11539:Tsutsui, William M. 11436:Neary, Ian (2003). 11102:on 30 November 2023 11062:, pp. 614–615. 11001:, pp. 162–163. 10989:, pp. 354–355. 10977:, pp. 353–354. 10546:, pp. 187–188. 10413:, pp. 199–201. 10368:, pp. 189–190. 10356:, pp. 182–183. 10320:, pp. 185–187. 10308:, pp. 181–182. 10284:, pp. 177–178. 10155:, pp. 126–128. 10143:, pp. 162–163. 10131:, pp. 234–235. 10107:, pp. 160–161. 10095:, pp. 466–467. 10026:, pp. 161–162. 10002:, pp. 159–160. 9990:, pp. 156–157. 9978:, pp. 154–155. 9821:, pp. 147–148. 9797:, pp. 145–146. 9752:, pp. 150–151. 9728:, pp. 151–152. 9716:, pp. 142–143. 9683:, pp. 136–137. 9610:, pp. 147–148. 9543:, pp. 132–133. 9531:, pp. 129–130. 9519:, pp. 124–126. 9507:, pp. 442–443. 9483:, pp. 201–203. 9471:, pp. 123–124. 9459:, pp. 122–123. 9447:, pp. 119–120. 9423:, pp. 115–116. 9411:, pp. 114–115. 9396:, pp. 139–140. 9384:, pp. 179–180. 9336:, pp. 413–414. 9309:, pp. 411–412. 9266:Monumenta Nipponica 9178:, pp. 135–136. 9166:, pp. 108–109. 9130:, pp. 353–354. 9118:, pp. 342–344. 9030:, pp. 102–103. 9006:, pp. 101–102. 8919:, pp. 118–119. 8907:, pp. 328–331. 8871:, pp. 356–360. 8772:, pp. 254–255. 8721:, pp. 359–360. 8572:, pp. 71, 236. 8532:, pp. 214–215. 8496:, pp. 168–169. 8484:, pp. 149–151. 8436:, pp. 280–281. 8353:, pp. 213–214. 8328:, pp. 171–172. 8295:, pp. 201–202. 8183:, pp. 163–164. 8147:, pp. 116–117. 8135:, pp. 238–240. 7960:, pp. 162–167. 7885:, pp. 116–117. 7825:, pp. 141–143. 7485:, pp. 170–171. 7420:, pp. 144–145. 7367:, pp. 441–442. 7307:, pp. 137–138. 7283:, pp. 135–136. 7190:, pp. 477–478. 7117:, pp. 249–250. 6354:pp. 153–157 p. 155. 6298:Schirokauer, Conrad 6082:2018QuInt.471..385K 5988:2012QuInt.248...70T 5956:17 May 2021 at the 5728:Monumenta Nipponica 5477:Ministry of Defense 5434:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 5342:population of Japan 5289:deflationary spiral 5281:death of his father 5210:1964 Tokyo Olympics 5092:lifetime employment 4878:Occupation of Japan 4872:Occupation of Japan 4754:on the side of the 4635:the Chinese capital 4582:Manchurian Incident 4519:Some Prefer Nettles 4514:Jun'ichirō Tanizaki 4506:Ryūnosuke Akutagawa 4475:on the side of the 4314:) and annexing the 3895:popular novels and 3834:Shimabara Rebellion 3661:Battle of Okehazama 3539:Japanese dictionary 3342:Ashikaga Yoshimitsu 3236:Mōko Shūrai Ekotoba 3000:military government 2513:distributed equally 2431:Cap and Rank System 2060:Sinomegaceros yabei 1970:economic powerhouse 1819:and his successor, 1685:cord-marked pottery 1556:Cultural Properties 1551:Cultural Landscapes 1154:Legendary creatures 904:Historical currency 615:Imperial transition 553:Occupation of Japan 543:Soviet–Japanese War 508:Anti-Comintern Pact 383:Triple Intervention 15698:Origin of language 15691:Spiritual drug use 15601:Rectangular dolmen 15503:Dartmoor kistvaens 15316:Carved stone balls 15028:Circular enclosure 14987:Other architecture 14930:Alp pile dwellings 14518:Solutrean industry 14429:Gravettian culture 14079:Secondary products 13086:Telecommunications 12618:Russo-Japanese War 12548:Tokugawa shogunate 12498:Nanboku-chō period 12493:Ashikaga shogunate 12466:Kamakura shogunate 12183:. Popular history. 12088:Bernhard Tauchnitz 11964:A History of Japan 11593:Palgrave Macmillan 11235:, p. 390-391. 10848:on 4 January 2023. 10772:on 12 August 2022. 10263:on 15 January 2010 10219:, pp. 98–105. 10059:Wan, Ming (2008). 9575:. pp. 28–29. 9018:, pp. 99–100. 8829:, pp. 91, 92. 8795:A History of Japan 8645:, pp. 79, 89. 7543:, pp. 39, 41. 7508:Samurai Commanders 7432:, pp. 32, 33. 7331:, pp. 28, 29. 7041:, pp. 25, 26. 6889:, pp. 85, 89. 6733:Asian Perspectives 6666:Japan Encyclopedia 6650:, pp. 16, 18. 6575:, pp. 16, 22. 6254:Bruce Loyd Batten, 6221:Kumar, Ann (2009) 6050:10.1537/ase.091214 5846:(S17): S539–S552. 5690:Higashiyama period 5615:considered unclean 5553:Tokugawa shogunate 5545: 5507:Meiji Constitution 5338: 5312:Murayama Statement 5273: 5225:(monster) movies, 5151:an ongoing dispute 5139:an ongoing dispute 5046: 4916: 4914:, 8 September 1951 4900: 4862:surrender of Japan 4817: 4740: 4697: 4622: 4569: 4447:rice riots of 1918 4367:Battle of Tsushima 4363:Russo-Japanese War 4355: 4342:with the British. 4320:Ryūkyū Disposition 4276: 4228:Meiji Constitution 4165:Gregorian calendar 4105: 4059:Tokugawa Yoshinobu 4021: 3880: 3840:, implemented the 3753:Tokugawa shogunate 3745: 3726:Early modern Japan 3699:invasions of Korea 3649: 3630:Toyotomi Hideyoshi 3622: 3571:Japanese gardening 3531: 3514:that took them to 3474:Fernão Vaz Dourado 3464:Initiating direct 3462: 3365: 3353: 3312: 3294:Higashiyama period 3215:Pure Land Buddhism 3040:), abbreviated as 3008: 2921: 2836: – 2705: 2694: 2581: 2481: 2462: 2402:imperial capital, 2384: 2333: 2272: 2211: 2175:The advent of the 2086: 2028: 1985:Paleolithic period 1921:Allied air attacks 1833:Tokugawa shogunate 1821:Toyotomi Hideyoshi 1788:Kamakura shogunate 1683:, named after its 1561:National Treasures 1248:Cultural festivals 680:Capital punishment 656:2019–present 573:Asset price bubble 548:Surrender of Japan 413:Japan–Korea Treaty 403:Russo-Japanese War 358:Ryūkyū Disposition 300:Invasion of Ryukyu 295:Tokugawa shogunate 231:Nanboku-chō period 15803:Politics of Japan 15775: 15774: 15771: 15770: 15767: 15766: 15720:Prehistoric music 15669:music archaeology 15326:Cup and ring mark 15151:Clothing/textiles 15096: 15095: 15092: 15091: 14735: 14734: 14731: 14730: 14538:Yubetsu technique 14523:Striking platform 14488:Lithic technology 14373: 14372: 14358:Game drive system 14277:Projectile points 14169:Mortar and pestle 13908: 13907: 13845:other territories 13501: 13500: 13467: 13466: 13216:Sexual minorities 13104: 13103: 13038: 13037: 13034: 13033: 12947:Political parties 12886:Foreign relations 12837: 12836: 12741: 12740: 12731:COVID-19 pandemic 12600:Satsuma Rebellion 12585:Meiji Restoration 12483:Kenmu Restoration 12343:Foreign relations 12199:Media related to 12137:978-0-231-11435-6 12025:978-0-9882259-4-7 11978:978-1-119-02235-0 11950:978-1-4051-9339-9 11924:. Boston: Brill. 11893:978-0-8047-0523-3 11863:978-0-313-30296-1 11836:978-1-4051-9339-9 11798:978-0-393-04156-9 11734:978-0-231-11441-7 11659:978-90-474-0704-1 11602:978-0-230-34662-8 11577:978-0-8133-4970-1 11552:978-1-4051-9339-9 11529:978-0-8248-3379-4 11504:978-0-674-69005-9 11252:The Asahi Shimbun 11139:on 30 August 2023 11046:978-0-00-726816-0 10580:on 27 August 2022 10240:on 21 March 2020. 9582:978-0-14-100146-3 8979:, pp. 96–97. 8855:978-0-06-186047-8 8685:, pp. 84–85. 8508:, pp. 84–85. 8472:, pp. 79–80. 8424:, pp. 68–69. 8386:, pp. 57–59. 8207:978-1-107-10470-9 8014:, pp. 62–63. 7999:, pp. 57–58. 7984:, pp. 26–27. 7948:, pp. 54–55. 7936:, pp. 53–54. 7861:, pp. 51–52. 7837:, pp. 47–48. 7813:, pp. 48–49. 7746:, pp. 43–45. 7589:Dourado, Fernão. 7567:, pp. 46–47. 7461:, pp. 43–44. 7391:, pp. 40–41. 7379:, pp. 39–40. 7319:, pp. 35–36. 7241:, pp. 34–35. 7154:, pp. 33–34. 7142:, pp. 31–32. 7017:, pp. 91–93. 6975:, pp. 29–30. 6901:, pp. 74–75. 6827:Japanese Painting 6791:, pp. 55–57. 6708:, pp. 18–19. 6696:, pp. 54–55. 6613:978-0-521-22352-2 6590:, pp. 52–53. 6551:, pp. 15–16. 6534:, pp. 14–15. 6495:978-0-824-82156-2 6449:978-0-521-88490-7 6416:978-0-199-23244-4 6381:978-0-824-81852-4 6352:978-0-199-73578-5 6313:978-0-495-91322-1 6276:978-0-824-82447-1 6243:978-0-710-31313-3 6152:, pp. 12–15. 6136:978-0-521-77670-7 5496:Social conditions 5423:COVID-19 pandemic 5375:tallest structure 5239:Yasunari Kawabata 5174:US–Japan alliance 5159:Republic of China 5149:in 1965, despite 5137:in 1956, despite 5005:Ogasawara Islands 4920:Douglas MacArthur 4888:Douglas MacArthur 4854:invaded Manchukuo 4829:Battle of Okinawa 4780:Dutch East Indies 4752:World War II 4748:a surprise attack 4591:League of Nations 4564: 4508:and the novelist 4489:League of Nations 4371:as a protectorate 4324:Donghak Rebellion 4300:Satsuma Rebellion 3971:Meiji Restoration 3704:Toyotomi Hideyori 3668:Imagawa Yoshimoto 3651:Nobunaga was the 3557:ink wash painting 3545:Muromachi culture 3316:Kenmu Restoration 3223:Nichiren Buddhism 3105:, Yoritomo's son 2971:built in 1053 in 2917:The Tale of Genji 2895:rulers of Japan. 2865:Taira no Kiyomori 2842:Northern Fujiwara 2752:Emperor Shirakawa 2489:Prince Naka no Ōe 2267:Daisenryō Kofun, 2100:, who discovered 2018: unvegetated 1931:Japan's surrender 1901:invaded Manchuria 1883:of the following 1669: 1668: 1509:American football 1253:Japanese New Year 1233:Buddha's Birthday 1223:Coming of Age Day 990:Ōbeikei Islanders 933:Foreign relations 850: 849: 715:Foreign relations 660: 659: 643:Abe assassination 638:COVID-19 pandemic 610:Tōhoku earthquake 368:Satsuma Rebellion 330:Meiji Restoration 208:Kenmu Restoration 16:(Redirected from 15810: 15793:Culture of Japan 15788:History of Japan 15735:Divje Babe flute 15642:Archaeoastronomy 15385:Petrosomatoglyph 15119: 15118: 15102: 15101: 14951:Water management 14754: 14753: 14741: 14740: 14644:Denticulate tool 14466:Lithic reduction 14199: 14198: 14020: 14019: 14007: 14006: 13935: 13928: 13921: 13912: 13911: 13898: 13888: 13887: 13857:Christmas Island 13543:Sovereign states 13528: 13521: 13514: 13505: 13504: 13491: 13490: 13483:Japan portal 13481: 13480: 13479: 13396:National symbols 13115: 13114: 13049: 13048: 12852: 12851: 12848: 12847: 12752: 12751: 12686:Economic miracle 12488:Muromachi period 12298: 12297: 12256: 12249: 12242: 12233: 12232: 12226:Richard Hildreth 12212:Pre-modern Japan 12210: 12201:History of Japan 12198: 12174: 12141: 12115: 12075: 12029: 12001: 11982: 11954: 11935: 11916: 11897: 11882:. Stanford, CA: 11881: 11867: 11852:. Westport, CT: 11851: 11840: 11821: 11802: 11786: 11775: 11756: 11747: 11738: 11712: 11691: 11672: 11663: 11642: 11636: 11628: 11606: 11581: 11556: 11533: 11518:. Honolulu, HI: 11508: 11474: 11473: 11433: 11422: 11421: 11409: 11399: 11393: 11387: 11381: 11380: 11354: 11345: 11336: 11330: 11324: 11318: 11312: 11306: 11300: 11299: 11297: 11295: 11274: 11268: 11267: 11265: 11263: 11242: 11236: 11230: 11224: 11223: 11221: 11219: 11198: 11192: 11191: 11189: 11187: 11181: 11168: 11158: 11149: 11148: 11146: 11144: 11121: 11112: 11111: 11109: 11107: 11084: 11075: 11069: 11063: 11057: 11051: 11050: 11032: 11026: 11020: 11014: 11008: 11002: 10996: 10990: 10984: 10978: 10972: 10966: 10960: 10954: 10948: 10939: 10933: 10927: 10921: 10915: 10909: 10900: 10894: 10885: 10879: 10873: 10872: 10867:. Archived from 10861:"Japan Steps Up" 10856: 10850: 10849: 10834: 10828: 10827: 10815: 10806: 10805: 10803: 10801: 10780: 10774: 10773: 10758: 10745: 10744: 10729: 10723: 10722: 10720: 10718: 10709:. Archived from 10699: 10693: 10692: 10687:. Archived from 10676: 10663: 10662: 10660: 10658: 10649:. Archived from 10639: 10633: 10632: 10631:. 30 March 2020. 10621: 10615: 10597: 10591: 10589: 10587: 10585: 10579: 10562: 10553: 10547: 10541: 10535: 10534: 10528: 10520: 10518: 10516: 10505:"Tokyo Sky Tree" 10501: 10495: 10494: 10492: 10490: 10471: 10465: 10459: 10453: 10452: 10441: 10435: 10432: 10426: 10420: 10414: 10408: 10402: 10396: 10390: 10375: 10369: 10363: 10357: 10351: 10345: 10339: 10333: 10327: 10321: 10315: 10309: 10303: 10297: 10291: 10285: 10279: 10273: 10272: 10270: 10268: 10248: 10242: 10241: 10226: 10220: 10214: 10208: 10202: 10196: 10195: 10175: 10162: 10156: 10150: 10144: 10138: 10132: 10126: 10120: 10114: 10108: 10102: 10096: 10090: 10084: 10078: 10072: 10057: 10051: 10045: 10039: 10033: 10027: 10021: 10015: 10009: 10003: 9997: 9991: 9985: 9979: 9973: 9967: 9961: 9955: 9949: 9943: 9928: 9922: 9916: 9910: 9904: 9898: 9897: 9869: 9863: 9857: 9846: 9840: 9834: 9828: 9822: 9816: 9810: 9804: 9798: 9792: 9786: 9771: 9765: 9759: 9753: 9747: 9741: 9735: 9729: 9723: 9717: 9711: 9705: 9690: 9684: 9678: 9672: 9662: 9656: 9641: 9635: 9629: 9623: 9617: 9611: 9605: 9599: 9593: 9587: 9586: 9562: 9556: 9550: 9544: 9538: 9532: 9526: 9520: 9514: 9508: 9502: 9496: 9490: 9484: 9478: 9472: 9466: 9460: 9454: 9448: 9442: 9436: 9430: 9424: 9418: 9412: 9406: 9397: 9391: 9385: 9379: 9373: 9367: 9361: 9355: 9349: 9343: 9337: 9331: 9325: 9319: 9310: 9304: 9298: 9297: 9257: 9251: 9245: 9239: 9233: 9227: 9221: 9215: 9209: 9203: 9197: 9191: 9185: 9179: 9173: 9167: 9161: 9155: 9149: 9143: 9137: 9131: 9125: 9119: 9113: 9107: 9101: 9095: 9094: 9092: 9090: 9081:. Archived from 9062: 9056: 9055: 9037: 9031: 9025: 9019: 9013: 9007: 9001: 8992: 8986: 8980: 8974: 8968: 8965:Connaughton 1988 8962: 8956: 8950: 8944: 8938: 8932: 8926: 8920: 8914: 8908: 8902: 8896: 8890: 8884: 8878: 8872: 8866: 8860: 8859: 8836: 8830: 8824: 8818: 8812: 8806: 8791: 8785: 8779: 8773: 8767: 8761: 8755: 8749: 8743: 8737: 8736: 8728: 8722: 8716: 8710: 8704: 8698: 8692: 8686: 8680: 8674: 8668: 8662: 8655: 8646: 8640: 8629: 8623: 8617: 8611: 8605: 8599: 8590: 8584: 8573: 8567: 8561: 8560: 8539: 8533: 8527: 8521: 8515: 8509: 8503: 8497: 8491: 8485: 8479: 8473: 8467: 8461: 8455: 8449: 8443: 8437: 8431: 8425: 8419: 8408: 8393: 8387: 8381: 8375: 8360: 8354: 8348: 8342: 8335: 8329: 8323: 8317: 8302: 8296: 8290: 8284: 8278: 8272: 8265: 8259: 8258: 8240: 8234: 8233: 8227: 8219: 8190: 8184: 8178: 8172: 8166: 8160: 8154: 8148: 8142: 8136: 8130: 8124: 8118: 8109: 8103: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8078: 8072: 8057: 8051: 8045: 8039: 8033: 8027: 8021: 8015: 8009: 8000: 7994: 7985: 7979: 7973: 7967: 7961: 7955: 7949: 7943: 7937: 7931: 7922: 7916: 7910: 7904: 7898: 7892: 7886: 7880: 7874: 7868: 7862: 7856: 7850: 7844: 7838: 7832: 7826: 7820: 7814: 7808: 7802: 7796: 7787: 7781: 7775: 7773: 7753: 7747: 7741: 7735: 7729: 7723: 7717: 7711: 7710: 7702: 7696: 7695: 7687: 7681: 7680: 7660: 7654: 7653: 7635: 7626: 7625: 7605: 7599: 7598: 7586: 7580: 7574: 7568: 7562: 7556: 7550: 7544: 7538: 7532: 7517: 7511: 7504: 7498: 7492: 7486: 7480: 7474: 7468: 7462: 7456: 7445: 7439: 7433: 7427: 7421: 7415: 7409: 7403: 7392: 7386: 7380: 7374: 7368: 7362: 7356: 7350: 7344: 7338: 7332: 7326: 7320: 7314: 7308: 7302: 7296: 7290: 7284: 7278: 7272: 7266: 7260: 7251: 7242: 7236: 7227: 7221: 7215: 7209: 7203: 7197: 7191: 7185: 7179: 7173: 7167: 7161: 7155: 7149: 7143: 7137: 7131: 7124: 7118: 7112: 7106: 7100: 7094: 7087: 7078: 7072: 7066: 7060: 7054: 7048: 7042: 7036: 7030: 7024: 7018: 7012: 7001: 7000: 6982: 6976: 6970: 6959: 6953: 6947: 6941: 6935: 6920: 6914: 6908: 6902: 6896: 6890: 6884: 6878: 6872: 6866: 6860: 6854: 6847: 6841: 6840: 6822: 6816: 6810: 6804: 6798: 6792: 6786: 6775: 6774: 6756: 6727: 6721: 6715: 6709: 6703: 6697: 6691: 6685: 6684: 6657: 6651: 6645: 6639: 6624: 6618: 6617: 6597: 6591: 6585: 6576: 6570: 6564: 6558: 6552: 6546: 6535: 6529: 6523: 6517: 6511: 6504: 6498: 6468: 6462: 6425: 6419: 6392: 6386: 6385: 6361: 6355: 6324: 6318: 6317: 6294: 6279: 6252: 6246: 6219: 6213: 6212: 6195:(308): 362–371. 6184: 6178: 6172: 6166: 6159: 6153: 6147: 6141: 6140: 6120: 6114: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6061: 6055: 6054: 6052: 6027: 6021: 6006: 6000: 5999: 5967: 5961: 5960:. Paris: UNESCO. 5945: 5939: 5938: 5933:. 10 July 2019. 5923: 5917: 5916: 5914: 5912: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5863: 5831: 5798:History of Tokyo 5679: 5674: 5673: 5672: 5665: 5660: 5659: 5658: 5651: 5646: 5645: 5644: 5577: 5574:four occupations 5571: 5570: 5564: 5462:Tetsuya Yamagami 5147:with South Korea 5057:Yoshida Doctrine 4977:new constitution 4975:system. Japan's 4892:Emperor of Japan 4787:Battle of Midway 4737: 4734: 4732: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4688:Planes from the 4639:Nanjing Massacre 4565: 4292:Yamagata Aritomo 4189:Futabatei Shimei 4169:Fukuzawa Yukichi 4137:Yamagata Aritomo 4121:Ōkubo Toshimichi 4117:Meiji government 4102:Emperor of Japan 4038:unequal treaties 4002:Motoori Norinaga 3951:four occupations 3947:Neo-Confucianism 3761:Emperor Go-Yōzei 3676:Akechi Mitsuhide 3482:Matsura Takanobu 3391:of the era were 3304:Ashikaga Takauji 3286:Muromachi period 3271: 3259: 3247: 3199:Ashikaga Takauji 3192:Emperor Go-Daigo 3101:, was appointed 3057: 3056: 3035: 3034: 2951:Murasaki Shikibu 2913: 2910: 2810:Ōtomo no Otomaro 2756:Emperor Horikawa 2348:Izumo Federation 2337:Five kings of Wa 2185:rice cultivation 2149: 2137: 2121: 2023: 2017: 2011: 2005:Late Pleistocene 1950:new constitution 1865:Perry Expedition 1796:Muromachi period 1792:Mongol invasions 1735:Japanese culture 1719:imperial dynasty 1715:Emperor of Japan 1661: 1654: 1647: 1633:Japan portal 1631: 1630: 1629: 980:Zainichi Koreans 943:Military history 928:Imperial history 909:Economic history 877: 868: 866:Culture of Japan 852: 851: 842: 835: 828: 672: 568:Economic miracle 483:Nanking incident 478:Financial crisis 315:Perry Expedition 289: 198:Mongol invasions 77:before 14,000 BC 67: 66: 62: 52: 42:History of Japan 29: 28: 21: 18:Pre-modern Japan 15818: 15817: 15813: 15812: 15811: 15809: 15808: 15807: 15778: 15777: 15776: 15763: 15630: 15616:Stone box grave 15586:Megalithic tomb 15491:Cotswold-Severn 15443: 15348:Guardian stones 15276:Prehistoric art 15270: 15113: 15088: 15077:Timber trackway 14982: 14946: 14942:Wattle and daub 14795: 14774:Standing stones 14748: 14727: 14542: 14369: 14346: 14271: 14188: 14098:Food processing 14093: 14042:New World crops 14014: 14001: 13944: 13939: 13909: 13904: 13876: 13844: 13835: 13816:Northern Cyprus 13802: 13795: 13537: 13535:History of Asia 13532: 13502: 13497: 13477: 13475: 13463: 13283:Class S (genre) 13235: 13211:Sex trafficking 13186:Life expectancy 13122:Anti-monarchism 13100: 13030: 12973: 12940:List of members 12920:Law enforcement 12833: 12737: 12709: 12661:Mukden Incident 12622: 12580:Meiji oligarchy 12560:Empire of Japan 12531: 12461:Kamakura period 12444: 12369: 12287: 12269: 12260: 12191: 12186: 12162:(Brill, 2021). 12138: 12105:Wayback Machine 12080:Hearn, Lafcadio 12069: 12037: 12035:Further reading 12032: 12026: 11998: 11979: 11951: 11932: 11913: 11894: 11864: 11854:Greenwood Press 11837: 11818: 11799: 11772: 11735: 11709: 11688: 11660: 11630: 11629: 11625: 11603: 11578: 11566:. Boulder, CO: 11553: 11530: 11505: 11482: 11477: 11434: 11425: 11418: 11400: 11396: 11388: 11384: 11352: 11346: 11339: 11331: 11327: 11319: 11315: 11307: 11303: 11293: 11291: 11290:on 7 March 2024 11280: 11276: 11275: 11271: 11261: 11259: 11258:on 7 March 2024 11250:(in Japanese). 11248: 11244: 11243: 11239: 11231: 11227: 11217: 11215: 11214:on 7 March 2024 11204: 11200: 11199: 11195: 11185: 11183: 11179: 11166: 11164: 11160: 11159: 11152: 11142: 11140: 11127: 11123: 11122: 11115: 11105: 11103: 11090: 11086: 11085: 11078: 11070: 11066: 11058: 11054: 11047: 11033: 11029: 11021: 11017: 11009: 11005: 10997: 10993: 10985: 10981: 10973: 10969: 10961: 10957: 10949: 10942: 10934: 10930: 10922: 10918: 10910: 10903: 10895: 10888: 10880: 10876: 10865:Foreign Affairs 10857: 10853: 10836: 10835: 10831: 10816: 10809: 10799: 10797: 10786: 10782: 10781: 10777: 10760: 10759: 10748: 10743:on 8 July 2022. 10731: 10730: 10726: 10716: 10714: 10701: 10700: 10696: 10691:on 9 July 2022. 10677: 10666: 10656: 10654: 10653:on 15 July 2021 10641: 10640: 10636: 10623: 10622: 10618: 10608:Wayback Machine 10598: 10594: 10583: 10581: 10577: 10560: 10555: 10554: 10550: 10542: 10538: 10522: 10521: 10514: 10512: 10503: 10502: 10498: 10488: 10486: 10485:on 19 June 2016 10473: 10472: 10468: 10460: 10456: 10443: 10442: 10438: 10433: 10429: 10421: 10417: 10409: 10405: 10397: 10393: 10376: 10372: 10364: 10360: 10352: 10348: 10340: 10336: 10328: 10324: 10316: 10312: 10304: 10300: 10292: 10288: 10280: 10276: 10266: 10264: 10249: 10245: 10234:Trainspread.com 10228: 10227: 10223: 10215: 10211: 10203: 10199: 10192: 10163: 10159: 10151: 10147: 10139: 10135: 10127: 10123: 10115: 10111: 10103: 10099: 10091: 10087: 10079: 10075: 10058: 10054: 10046: 10042: 10034: 10030: 10022: 10018: 10010: 10006: 9998: 9994: 9986: 9982: 9974: 9970: 9962: 9958: 9950: 9946: 9929: 9925: 9917: 9913: 9905: 9901: 9886:10.2307/2755258 9874:Pacific Affairs 9870: 9866: 9858: 9849: 9841: 9837: 9829: 9825: 9817: 9813: 9805: 9801: 9793: 9789: 9772: 9768: 9760: 9756: 9748: 9744: 9736: 9732: 9724: 9720: 9712: 9708: 9691: 9687: 9679: 9675: 9663: 9659: 9642: 9638: 9630: 9626: 9618: 9614: 9606: 9602: 9594: 9590: 9583: 9563: 9559: 9551: 9547: 9539: 9535: 9527: 9523: 9515: 9511: 9503: 9499: 9491: 9487: 9479: 9475: 9467: 9463: 9455: 9451: 9443: 9439: 9431: 9427: 9419: 9415: 9407: 9400: 9392: 9388: 9380: 9376: 9368: 9364: 9356: 9352: 9344: 9340: 9332: 9328: 9320: 9313: 9305: 9301: 9258: 9254: 9246: 9242: 9234: 9230: 9222: 9218: 9210: 9206: 9198: 9194: 9186: 9182: 9174: 9170: 9162: 9158: 9150: 9146: 9138: 9134: 9126: 9122: 9114: 9110: 9102: 9098: 9088: 9086: 9063: 9059: 9052: 9038: 9034: 9026: 9022: 9014: 9010: 9002: 8995: 8987: 8983: 8975: 8971: 8963: 8959: 8951: 8947: 8939: 8935: 8927: 8923: 8915: 8911: 8903: 8899: 8891: 8887: 8879: 8875: 8867: 8863: 8856: 8837: 8833: 8825: 8821: 8813: 8809: 8792: 8788: 8780: 8776: 8768: 8764: 8756: 8752: 8744: 8740: 8729: 8725: 8717: 8713: 8705: 8701: 8693: 8689: 8681: 8677: 8669: 8665: 8656: 8649: 8641: 8632: 8624: 8620: 8612: 8608: 8600: 8593: 8585: 8576: 8568: 8564: 8557: 8540: 8536: 8528: 8524: 8516: 8512: 8504: 8500: 8492: 8488: 8480: 8476: 8468: 8464: 8460:, pp. 8–9. 8456: 8452: 8444: 8440: 8432: 8428: 8420: 8411: 8394: 8390: 8382: 8378: 8361: 8357: 8349: 8345: 8336: 8332: 8324: 8320: 8303: 8299: 8291: 8287: 8279: 8275: 8266: 8262: 8255: 8241: 8237: 8221: 8220: 8208: 8191: 8187: 8179: 8175: 8167: 8163: 8155: 8151: 8143: 8139: 8131: 8127: 8119: 8112: 8104: 8100: 8090: 8088: 8080: 8079: 8075: 8058: 8054: 8046: 8042: 8034: 8030: 8022: 8018: 8010: 8003: 7995: 7988: 7980: 7976: 7968: 7964: 7956: 7952: 7944: 7940: 7932: 7925: 7917: 7913: 7905: 7901: 7893: 7889: 7881: 7877: 7869: 7865: 7857: 7853: 7845: 7841: 7833: 7829: 7821: 7817: 7809: 7805: 7797: 7790: 7782: 7778: 7754: 7750: 7742: 7738: 7730: 7726: 7718: 7714: 7703: 7699: 7690:Silva, Samuel. 7688: 7684: 7677: 7661: 7657: 7650: 7636: 7629: 7622: 7606: 7602: 7587: 7583: 7575: 7571: 7563: 7559: 7551: 7547: 7539: 7535: 7518: 7514: 7505: 7501: 7493: 7489: 7481: 7477: 7469: 7465: 7457: 7448: 7440: 7436: 7428: 7424: 7416: 7412: 7404: 7395: 7387: 7383: 7375: 7371: 7363: 7359: 7351: 7347: 7339: 7335: 7327: 7323: 7315: 7311: 7303: 7299: 7291: 7287: 7279: 7275: 7267: 7263: 7252: 7245: 7237: 7230: 7222: 7218: 7210: 7206: 7198: 7194: 7186: 7182: 7174: 7170: 7162: 7158: 7150: 7146: 7138: 7134: 7125: 7121: 7113: 7109: 7101: 7097: 7088: 7081: 7073: 7069: 7061: 7057: 7049: 7045: 7037: 7033: 7025: 7021: 7013: 7004: 6997: 6983: 6979: 6971: 6962: 6954: 6950: 6942: 6938: 6921: 6917: 6909: 6905: 6897: 6893: 6885: 6881: 6873: 6869: 6861: 6857: 6848: 6844: 6837: 6823: 6819: 6811: 6807: 6799: 6795: 6787: 6778: 6728: 6724: 6716: 6712: 6704: 6700: 6692: 6688: 6681: 6661:Louis, Frederic 6658: 6654: 6646: 6642: 6625: 6621: 6614: 6598: 6594: 6586: 6579: 6571: 6567: 6559: 6555: 6547: 6538: 6530: 6526: 6518: 6514: 6505: 6501: 6484:Wayback Machine 6469: 6465: 6438:Wayback Machine 6426: 6422: 6405:Wayback Machine 6393: 6389: 6382: 6362: 6358: 6341:Wayback Machine 6325: 6321: 6314: 6295: 6282: 6265:Wayback Machine 6253: 6249: 6232:Wayback Machine 6220: 6216: 6185: 6181: 6173: 6169: 6160: 6156: 6148: 6144: 6137: 6121: 6117: 6109: 6105: 6062: 6058: 6028: 6024: 6007: 6003: 5968: 5964: 5958:Wayback Machine 5946: 5942: 5925: 5924: 5920: 5910: 5908: 5889: 5885: 5832: 5825: 5821: 5675: 5670: 5668: 5661: 5656: 5654: 5647: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5565: 5517:family register 5498: 5452:in the city of 5419:Summer Olympics 5404: 5398: 5324:Yasukuni Shrine 5265: 5259: 5217:Japanese cinema 5155:Liancourt Rocks 5107:Life expectancy 5103:1973 oil crisis 5049:Shigeru Yoshida 5040:was one of the 5038:Shigeru Yoshida 5031: 5023:Main articles: 5021: 5003:. In 1968, the 4880: 4874: 4795:Solomon Islands 4738: 4735: 4730: 4729: 4728: 4725: 4720: 4719: 4718: 4715: 4710: 4709: 4705:Empire of Japan 4682: 4674:Main articles: 4672: 4660:Tripartite Pact 4643:Chiang Kai-shek 4629:in 1937. After 4618:Mukden Incident 4598:Tsuyoshi Inukai 4596:Prime Minister 4556: 4554: 4542: 4534:Main articles: 4532: 4431: 4425: 4383: 4351:Japanese Empire 4336:Mutsu Munemitsu 4274: 4262: 4252: 4216:Ōkuma Shigenobu 4212:Itagaki Taisuke 4145: 4113:Meiji oligarchs 4094: 4086:Main articles: 4084: 4079: 4010:Age of the Gods 4006:Hirata Atsutane 3973: 3965:Main articles: 3963: 3876:kill a commoner 3868: 3733: 3728: 3708:Tokugawa Ieyasu 3638:Momoyama Castle 3620: 3605: 3599: 3547: 3437:. By 1556, the 3423: 3417: 3296: 3284:Main articles: 3282: 3275: 3272: 3263: 3260: 3251: 3248: 3206:double-cropping 3159:Emperor Juntoku 3143:Emperor Go-Toba 3028:seii tai-shōgun 2992: 2990:Kamakura period 2986: 2981: 2946:The Pillow Book 2937:Ki no Tsurayuki 2911: 2901: 2873:Heiji rebellion 2814:seii tai-shōgun 2760:cloistered rule 2676: 2670: 2662:Empress Shōtoku 2561: 2555: 2543:Buddhist temple 2524:and his nephew 2396:Shinbutsu-shūgō 2368:Buddhist temple 2361: 2356: 2354:Classical Japan 2294:Emperor Nintoku 2286:Daisenryō Kofun 2261: 2173: 2167: 2160: 2150: 2141: 2138: 2129: 2128:(11000–7000 BC) 2122: 2098:Edward S. Morse 2090:hunter-gatherer 2075: 2069: 2025: 2021: 2019: 2015: 2013: 2009: 1993: 1987: 1982: 1911:in 1941 led to 1863:. The American 1825:Tokugawa Ieyasu 1665: 1627: 1625: 1618: 1617: 1608: 1607: 1598: 1597: 1593:National anthem 1578: 1577: 1566: 1565: 1536: 1535: 1524: 1523: 1474: 1473: 1462: 1461: 1417: 1416: 1405: 1404: 1380: 1379: 1377:performing arts 1364: 1363: 1344: 1343: 1332: 1331: 1307: 1306: 1295: 1294: 1270: 1269: 1258: 1257: 1213: 1212: 1201: 1200: 1181: 1180: 1169: 1168: 1144: 1143: 1128: 1127: 1069: 1068: 1057: 1056: 1017: 1016: 1005: 1004: 970: 969: 958: 957: 889: 888: 864: 846: 796: 795: 794: 674: 673: 670: 662: 661: 653: 652: 648:Noto earthquake 623:1989–2019 620: 619: 580:1926–1989 577: 538:Atomic bombings 513:Tripartite Pact 498:May 15 incident 488:Mukden Incident 459:1912–1926 456: 455: 426:1868–1912 423: 422: 398:Boxer Rebellion 343:1603–1868 340: 339: 287: 277:1573–1603 274: 273: 252:Azuchi–Momoyama 244:1336–1573 241: 240: 216:1185–1333 213: 212: 175: 174: 145:710 – 794 142: 131:538 – 710 128: 114: 100: 64: 63: 60: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15816: 15806: 15805: 15800: 15795: 15790: 15773: 15772: 15769: 15768: 15765: 15764: 15762: 15761: 15760: 15759: 15749: 15744: 15743: 15742: 15737: 15732: 15727: 15725:Alligator drum 15717: 15716: 15715: 15705: 15700: 15695: 15694: 15693: 15688: 15683: 15673: 15672: 15671: 15661: 15656: 15655: 15654: 15652:lunar calendar 15649: 15638: 15636: 15635:Other cultural 15632: 15631: 15629: 15628: 15623: 15618: 15613: 15608: 15603: 15598: 15593: 15588: 15583: 15582: 15581: 15576: 15566: 15561: 15556: 15555: 15554: 15549: 15539: 15534: 15533: 15532: 15522: 15517: 15512: 15507: 15506: 15505: 15495: 15494: 15493: 15483: 15482: 15481: 15471: 15470: 15469: 15464: 15453: 15451: 15445: 15444: 15442: 15441: 15439:Venus figurine 15436: 15435: 15434: 15429: 15419: 15414: 15409: 15408: 15407: 15402: 15392: 15387: 15382: 15377: 15372: 15370:Megalithic art 15367: 15366: 15365: 15360: 15350: 15345: 15340: 15339: 15338: 15328: 15323: 15321:Cave paintings 15318: 15313: 15308: 15303: 15298: 15297: 15296: 15286: 15280: 15278: 15272: 15271: 15269: 15268: 15267: 15266: 15261: 15251: 15246: 15241: 15240: 15239: 15234: 15229: 15224: 15219: 15214: 15204: 15199: 15198: 15197: 15187: 15186: 15185: 15180: 15170: 15165: 15160: 15159: 15158: 15148: 15143: 15138: 15133: 15127: 15125: 15123:Material goods 15115: 15114: 15098: 15097: 15094: 15093: 15090: 15089: 15087: 15086: 15085: 15084: 15074: 15069: 15064: 15059: 15054: 15053: 15052: 15042: 15037: 15036: 15035: 15025: 15024: 15023: 15013: 15012: 15011: 15001: 14996: 14990: 14988: 14984: 14983: 14981: 14980: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14960: 14954: 14952: 14948: 14947: 14945: 14944: 14939: 14934: 14933: 14932: 14922: 14917: 14916: 14915: 14910: 14905: 14895: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14879: 14878: 14868: 14863: 14858: 14857: 14856: 14846: 14841: 14839:Cliff dwelling 14836: 14831: 14826: 14821: 14816: 14815: 14814: 14803: 14801: 14797: 14796: 14794: 14793: 14792: 14791: 14786: 14781: 14771: 14766: 14760: 14758: 14750: 14749: 14737: 14736: 14733: 14732: 14729: 14728: 14726: 14725: 14724: 14723: 14713: 14708: 14703: 14698: 14697: 14696: 14686: 14681: 14676: 14671: 14666: 14661: 14656: 14651: 14646: 14641: 14636: 14635: 14634: 14624: 14623: 14622: 14617: 14607: 14602: 14597: 14592: 14591: 14590: 14580: 14575: 14570: 14569: 14568: 14558: 14552: 14550: 14544: 14543: 14541: 14540: 14535: 14530: 14525: 14520: 14515: 14510: 14505: 14500: 14495: 14490: 14485: 14484: 14483: 14478: 14473: 14463: 14458: 14453: 14448: 14447: 14446: 14436: 14431: 14426: 14424:Fire hardening 14421: 14416: 14414:Clovis culture 14411: 14406: 14405: 14404: 14399: 14394: 14383: 14381: 14375: 14374: 14371: 14370: 14368: 14367: 14366: 14365: 14354: 14352: 14348: 14347: 14345: 14344: 14339: 14337:Manis Mastodon 14334: 14329: 14324: 14319: 14314: 14309: 14304: 14299: 14294: 14293: 14292: 14281: 14279: 14273: 14272: 14270: 14269: 14268: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14237: 14232: 14231: 14230: 14220: 14219: 14218: 14216:throwing stick 14208: 14202: 14196: 14190: 14189: 14187: 14186: 14181: 14176: 14171: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14155: 14154: 14149: 14139: 14134: 14129: 14124: 14123: 14122: 14112: 14107: 14101: 14099: 14095: 14094: 14092: 14091: 14086: 14081: 14076: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14056: 14051: 14046: 14045: 14044: 14039: 14028: 14026: 14016: 14015: 14003: 14002: 14000: 13999: 13994: 13993: 13992: 13982: 13981: 13980: 13975: 13970: 13965: 13960: 13949: 13946: 13945: 13938: 13937: 13930: 13923: 13915: 13906: 13905: 13903: 13902: 13892: 13881: 13878: 13877: 13875: 13874: 13869: 13864: 13859: 13854: 13848: 13846: 13837: 13836: 13834: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13813: 13807: 13805: 13797: 13796: 13794: 13793: 13788: 13783: 13778: 13773: 13768: 13763: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13728: 13723: 13718: 13713: 13708: 13703: 13698: 13693: 13688: 13683: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13643: 13638: 13633: 13628: 13623: 13618: 13613: 13608: 13603: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13573: 13568: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13547: 13545: 13539: 13538: 13531: 13530: 13523: 13516: 13508: 13499: 13498: 13496: 13495: 13485: 13472: 13469: 13468: 13465: 13464: 13462: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13414: 13405: 13398: 13393: 13388: 13383: 13378: 13373: 13368: 13363: 13358: 13353: 13348: 13343: 13340: 13338:Henohenomoheji 13335: 13330: 13325: 13320: 13315: 13310: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13285: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13265: 13260: 13251: 13245: 13243: 13237: 13236: 13234: 13233: 13228: 13223: 13218: 13213: 13208: 13203: 13198: 13193: 13188: 13183: 13182: 13181: 13171: 13170: 13169: 13159: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13139: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13118: 13112: 13106: 13105: 13102: 13101: 13099: 13098: 13093: 13088: 13083: 13078: 13073: 13068: 13063: 13058: 13052: 13046: 13040: 13039: 13036: 13035: 13032: 13031: 13029: 13028: 13023: 13022: 13021: 13014:Prime Minister 13011: 13006: 13004:Foreign policy 13001: 12996: 12995: 12994: 12983: 12981: 12975: 12974: 12972: 12971: 12970: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12949: 12944: 12943: 12942: 12937: 12932: 12922: 12917: 12912: 12911: 12910: 12900: 12899: 12898: 12888: 12883: 12881:Imperial House 12878: 12877: 12876: 12866: 12861: 12855: 12845: 12839: 12838: 12835: 12834: 12832: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12811: 12806: 12801: 12796: 12791: 12789:Extreme points 12786: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12755: 12749: 12743: 12742: 12739: 12738: 12736: 12735: 12734: 12733: 12728: 12717: 12715: 12711: 12710: 12708: 12707: 12706: 12705: 12700: 12690: 12689: 12688: 12683: 12678: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12658: 12648: 12647: 12646: 12641: 12630: 12628: 12624: 12623: 12621: 12620: 12615: 12610: 12604: 12603: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12577: 12572: 12562: 12557: 12552: 12551: 12550: 12539: 12537: 12533: 12532: 12530: 12529: 12524: 12523: 12522: 12517: 12510:Sengoku period 12507: 12502: 12501: 12500: 12495: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12469: 12468: 12458: 12452: 12450: 12449:Post-Classical 12446: 12445: 12443: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12431: 12430: 12420: 12419: 12418: 12413: 12408: 12398: 12393: 12388: 12383: 12377: 12375: 12371: 12370: 12368: 12367: 12366: 12365: 12360: 12355: 12345: 12340: 12335: 12330: 12329: 12328: 12323: 12318: 12313: 12304: 12302: 12295: 12289: 12288: 12286: 12285: 12280: 12274: 12271: 12270: 12259: 12258: 12251: 12244: 12236: 12230: 12229: 12215: 12204: 12190: 12189:External links 12187: 12185: 12184: 12175: 12166: 12156: 12149: 12142: 12136: 12116: 12107: 12091: 12077: 12061: 12046: 12038: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12030: 12024: 12002: 11996: 11983: 11977: 11967:. Malden, MA: 11959:Totman, Conrad 11955: 11949: 11936: 11930: 11917: 11911: 11898: 11892: 11872:Sansom, George 11868: 11862: 11841: 11835: 11822: 11816: 11803: 11797: 11776: 11770: 11757: 11748: 11739: 11733: 11713: 11708:978-0674984424 11707: 11692: 11686: 11673: 11664: 11658: 11643: 11623: 11610: 11601: 11582: 11576: 11568:Westview Press 11557: 11551: 11534: 11528: 11509: 11503: 11483: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11475: 11448:(1): 269–294. 11423: 11417:978-0520213616 11416: 11394: 11392:, p. 397. 11382: 11363:(4): 713–734. 11337: 11335:, p. 393. 11325: 11323:, p. 392. 11313: 11311:, p. 391. 11301: 11269: 11237: 11225: 11193: 11182:on 6 June 2023 11150: 11113: 11076: 11074:, p. 193. 11064: 11052: 11045: 11027: 11015: 11003: 10991: 10979: 10967: 10965:, p. 351. 10955: 10953:, p. 352. 10940: 10928: 10916: 10901: 10886: 10874: 10851: 10829: 10807: 10775: 10746: 10724: 10713:on 8 July 2022 10694: 10685:Deutsche Welle 10664: 10634: 10616: 10592: 10548: 10536: 10496: 10466: 10464:, p. 204. 10454: 10449:unstats.un.org 10436: 10427: 10425:, p. 191. 10415: 10403: 10401:, p. 199. 10391: 10370: 10358: 10346: 10344:, p. 547. 10334: 10332:, p. 250. 10322: 10310: 10298: 10296:, p. 539. 10286: 10274: 10243: 10221: 10209: 10197: 10190: 10166:Ito, Takatoshi 10157: 10145: 10133: 10121: 10119:, p. 305. 10109: 10097: 10085: 10083:, p. 303. 10073: 10052: 10050:, p. 459. 10040: 10028: 10016: 10014:, p. 169. 10004: 9992: 9980: 9968: 9966:, p. 163. 9956: 9954:, p. 163. 9944: 9940:978-1138986268 9923: 9921:, p. 159. 9911: 9899: 9864: 9847: 9845:, p. 145. 9835: 9833:, p. 150. 9823: 9811: 9809:, p. 455. 9799: 9787: 9766: 9764:, p. 454. 9754: 9742: 9740:, p. 144. 9730: 9718: 9706: 9685: 9673: 9657: 9636: 9634:, p. 448. 9624: 9622:, p. 188. 9612: 9600: 9598:, p. 134. 9588: 9581: 9557: 9545: 9533: 9521: 9509: 9497: 9495:, p. 248. 9485: 9473: 9461: 9449: 9437: 9435:, p. 454. 9425: 9413: 9398: 9386: 9374: 9372:, p. 139. 9362: 9350: 9348:, p. 465. 9338: 9326: 9324:, p. 416. 9311: 9299: 9252: 9250:, p. 110. 9240: 9238:, p. 111. 9228: 9216: 9214:, p. 138. 9204: 9202:, p. 160. 9192: 9180: 9168: 9156: 9154:, p. 345. 9144: 9142:, p. 134. 9132: 9120: 9108: 9096: 9085:on 25 May 2021 9057: 9050: 9032: 9020: 9008: 8993: 8981: 8969: 8957: 8955:, p. 122. 8945: 8933: 8931:, p. 120. 8921: 8909: 8897: 8885: 8873: 8861: 8854: 8840:Bix, Hebert P. 8831: 8819: 8807: 8786: 8784:, p. 365. 8774: 8762: 8760:, p. 103. 8750: 8748:, p. 363. 8738: 8723: 8711: 8699: 8687: 8675: 8673:, p. 310. 8663: 8647: 8630: 8618: 8616:, p. 171. 8606: 8591: 8574: 8562: 8555: 8543:Gordon, Andrew 8534: 8522: 8510: 8498: 8486: 8474: 8462: 8450: 8438: 8426: 8409: 8388: 8376: 8355: 8343: 8330: 8318: 8297: 8285: 8283:, p. 200. 8273: 8260: 8253: 8235: 8206: 8185: 8173: 8161: 8149: 8137: 8125: 8110: 8098: 8073: 8052: 8040: 8028: 8026:, p. 229. 8016: 8001: 7986: 7974: 7972:, p. 220. 7962: 7950: 7938: 7923: 7911: 7909:, p. 133. 7899: 7887: 7875: 7873:, p. 193. 7863: 7851: 7849:, p. 192. 7839: 7827: 7815: 7803: 7788: 7786:, p. 162. 7776: 7764:(3): 799–800. 7748: 7736: 7724: 7722:, p. 152. 7712: 7697: 7682: 7675: 7655: 7648: 7627: 7620: 7600: 7581: 7579:, p. 166. 7569: 7557: 7545: 7533: 7512: 7499: 7487: 7475: 7463: 7446: 7434: 7422: 7410: 7393: 7381: 7369: 7357: 7345: 7333: 7321: 7309: 7297: 7285: 7273: 7271:, p. 139. 7261: 7243: 7228: 7226:, p. 120. 7216: 7204: 7192: 7180: 7178:, p. 123. 7168: 7156: 7144: 7132: 7119: 7107: 7095: 7079: 7067: 7055: 7043: 7031: 7029:, p. 306. 7019: 7002: 6995: 6977: 6960: 6948: 6936: 6915: 6903: 6891: 6879: 6867: 6855: 6842: 6835: 6817: 6805: 6793: 6776: 6739:(2): 404–459. 6722: 6720:, p. 127. 6710: 6698: 6686: 6679: 6673:. p. 59. 6652: 6640: 6619: 6612: 6592: 6577: 6565: 6553: 6536: 6524: 6512: 6499: 6463: 6420: 6387: 6380: 6356: 6319: 6312: 6280: 6247: 6214: 6179: 6167: 6154: 6142: 6135: 6115: 6103: 6056: 6043:(3): 173–183. 6022: 6001: 5962: 5940: 5918: 5883: 5852:10.1086/694447 5822: 5820: 5817: 5816: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5794: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5777: 5772: 5766: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5740: 5739: 5732: 5724: 5717: 5710: 5702: 5692: 5687: 5681: 5680: 5666: 5652: 5649:History portal 5636: 5633: 5497: 5494: 5439:favored nation 5400:Main article: 5397: 5394: 5377:in the world. 5261:Main article: 5258: 5255: 5194:Nobusuke Kishi 5131:United Nations 5053:prime minister 5020: 5017: 5001:Ryukyu Islands 4934:of the 1930s. 4876:Main article: 4873: 4870: 4846:over Hiroshima 4800:banzai charges 4708: 4671: 4668: 4553: 4550: 4531: 4528: 4497:Kantō Massacre 4435:Emperor Taishō 4427:Main article: 4424: 4421: 4382: 4379: 4316:Ryukyu Kingdom 4288:Ryukyu Islands 4280:were massacred 4268: 4251: 4248: 4236:House of Peers 4201:Ichiyō Higuchi 4197:Natsume Sōseki 4177:Hideyo Noguchi 4157:Westernization 4144: 4141: 4129:Kido Takayoshi 4125:Saigō Takamori 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4034:Western powers 3992:Sugita Genpaku 3962: 3959: 3874:Samurai could 3867: 3864: 3789:Siege of Osaka 3783:permission to 3781:Satsuma Domain 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3611: 3601:Main article: 3598: 3595: 3546: 3543: 3535:Ōmura Sumitada 3451:Francis Xavier 3419:Main article: 3416: 3413: 3397:Takeda Shingen 3393:Uesugi Kenshin 3290:Sengoku period 3281: 3278: 3277: 3276: 3274:Shiraishi clan 3273: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3242: 3240: 3217:in Japan, and 3062:refers to the 2988:Main article: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2900: 2897: 2861:Emperor Sutoku 2794:Minamoto clans 2672:Main article: 2669: 2666: 2573:Imperial Court 2557:Main article: 2554: 2551: 2469:Prince Shōtoku 2415:Prince Shōtoku 2376:Prince Shotoku 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2260: 2257: 2220:stratification 2169:Main article: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2161: 2151: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2132: 2130: 2123: 2116: 2071:Main article: 2068: 2065: 2041:Yamashita Cave 2020: 2014: 2008: 1989:Main article: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1790:withstood two 1745:practices and 1667: 1666: 1664: 1663: 1656: 1649: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1615: 1609: 1605: 1604: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1571: 1568: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1537: 1531: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1475: 1469: 1468: 1467: 1464: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1418: 1412: 1411: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1403: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1381: 1371: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1345: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1308: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1297: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1271: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1214: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1182: 1176: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1145: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1070: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1047:Writing system 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1018: 1012: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1003: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 971: 965: 964: 963: 960: 959: 956: 955: 950: 945: 940: 938:Historiography 935: 930: 925: 920: 911: 906: 901: 896: 890: 884: 883: 882: 879: 878: 870: 869: 861: 860: 848: 847: 845: 844: 837: 830: 822: 819: 818: 817: 816: 811: 806: 798: 797: 793: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 756: 755: 750: 745: 740: 735: 727: 725:Historiography 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 676: 675: 669: 668: 667: 664: 663: 658: 657: 654: 651: 650: 645: 640: 634: 628: 625: 624: 621: 618: 617: 612: 607: 602: 597: 591: 585: 582: 581: 578: 576: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 535: 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 469: 461: 460: 457: 454: 453: 448: 443: 437: 431: 428: 427: 424: 421: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 354: 348: 345: 344: 341: 338: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 305:Siege of Osaka 302: 297: 291: 282: 279: 278: 275: 272: 271: 266: 261: 255: 249: 246: 245: 242: 239: 238: 236:Sengoku period 233: 227: 221: 218: 217: 214: 211: 210: 205: 200: 195: 189: 183: 180: 179: 178:794–1185 176: 173: 172: 167: 162: 156: 150: 147: 146: 143: 136: 133: 132: 129: 122: 119: 118: 115: 108: 105: 104: 101: 94: 91: 90: 87: 79: 78: 75: 65: 59: 58: 57: 54: 53: 45: 44: 38: 37: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15815: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15791: 15789: 15786: 15785: 15783: 15758: 15755: 15754: 15753: 15750: 15748: 15745: 15741: 15738: 15736: 15733: 15731: 15728: 15726: 15723: 15722: 15721: 15718: 15714: 15711: 15710: 15709: 15706: 15704: 15701: 15699: 15696: 15692: 15689: 15687: 15684: 15682: 15679: 15678: 15677: 15674: 15670: 15667: 15666: 15665: 15662: 15660: 15657: 15653: 15650: 15648: 15645: 15644: 15643: 15640: 15639: 15637: 15633: 15627: 15624: 15622: 15619: 15617: 15614: 15612: 15611:Simple dolmen 15609: 15607: 15604: 15602: 15599: 15597: 15596:Passage grave 15594: 15592: 15589: 15587: 15584: 15580: 15577: 15575: 15572: 15571: 15570: 15567: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15557: 15553: 15550: 15548: 15545: 15544: 15543: 15542:Gallery grave 15540: 15538: 15535: 15531: 15528: 15527: 15526: 15523: 15521: 15518: 15516: 15513: 15511: 15508: 15504: 15501: 15500: 15499: 15496: 15492: 15489: 15488: 15487: 15484: 15480: 15477: 15476: 15475: 15472: 15468: 15465: 15463: 15460: 15459: 15458: 15457:Burial mounds 15455: 15454: 15452: 15450: 15446: 15440: 15437: 15433: 15430: 15428: 15425: 15424: 15423: 15420: 15418: 15417:Statue menhir 15415: 15413: 15410: 15406: 15405:Stone carving 15403: 15401: 15398: 15397: 15396: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15386: 15383: 15381: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15371: 15368: 15364: 15361: 15359: 15356: 15355: 15354: 15351: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15337: 15334: 15333: 15332: 15329: 15327: 15324: 15322: 15319: 15317: 15314: 15312: 15309: 15307: 15304: 15302: 15299: 15295: 15292: 15291: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15282: 15281: 15279: 15277: 15273: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15256: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15247: 15245: 15244:Sewing needle 15242: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15209: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15196: 15193: 15192: 15191: 15188: 15184: 15181: 15179: 15176: 15175: 15174: 15171: 15169: 15166: 15164: 15161: 15157: 15154: 15153: 15152: 15149: 15147: 15144: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15132: 15129: 15128: 15126: 15124: 15120: 15116: 15112: 15108: 15103: 15099: 15083: 15080: 15079: 15078: 15075: 15073: 15072:Timber circle 15070: 15068: 15065: 15063: 15060: 15058: 15055: 15051: 15048: 15047: 15046: 15043: 15041: 15038: 15034: 15031: 15030: 15029: 15026: 15022: 15021:Tor enclosure 15019: 15018: 15017: 15014: 15010: 15009:fulacht fiadh 15007: 15006: 15005: 15002: 15000: 14997: 14995: 14992: 14991: 14989: 14985: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14956: 14955: 14953: 14949: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14931: 14928: 14927: 14926: 14923: 14921: 14918: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14906: 14904: 14901: 14900: 14899: 14896: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14877: 14874: 14873: 14872: 14869: 14867: 14864: 14862: 14859: 14855: 14852: 14851: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14840: 14837: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14813: 14810: 14809: 14808: 14805: 14804: 14802: 14798: 14790: 14787: 14785: 14782: 14780: 14777: 14776: 14775: 14772: 14770: 14767: 14765: 14762: 14761: 14759: 14755: 14751: 14747: 14742: 14738: 14722: 14719: 14718: 14717: 14714: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14704: 14702: 14699: 14695: 14692: 14691: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14680: 14677: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14667: 14665: 14662: 14660: 14657: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14645: 14642: 14640: 14637: 14633: 14630: 14629: 14628: 14625: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14612: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14589: 14586: 14585: 14584: 14581: 14579: 14576: 14574: 14571: 14567: 14564: 14563: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14553: 14551: 14549: 14545: 14539: 14536: 14534: 14531: 14529: 14526: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14514: 14511: 14509: 14506: 14504: 14501: 14499: 14496: 14494: 14491: 14489: 14486: 14482: 14479: 14477: 14474: 14472: 14469: 14468: 14467: 14464: 14462: 14459: 14457: 14454: 14452: 14449: 14445: 14442: 14441: 14440: 14437: 14435: 14432: 14430: 14427: 14425: 14422: 14420: 14417: 14415: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14390: 14389: 14388: 14385: 14384: 14382: 14380: 14376: 14364: 14361: 14360: 14359: 14356: 14355: 14353: 14349: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14291: 14288: 14287: 14286: 14283: 14282: 14280: 14278: 14274: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14245:spear-thrower 14243: 14242: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14229: 14226: 14225: 14224: 14223:Bow and arrow 14221: 14217: 14214: 14213: 14212: 14209: 14207: 14204: 14203: 14200: 14197: 14195: 14191: 14185: 14182: 14180: 14177: 14175: 14172: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14145: 14144: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14135: 14133: 14132:Grinding slab 14130: 14128: 14125: 14121: 14118: 14117: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14102: 14100: 14096: 14090: 14087: 14085: 14082: 14080: 14077: 14075: 14072: 14070: 14067: 14065: 14064:Domestication 14062: 14060: 14059:Digging stick 14057: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14043: 14040: 14038: 14037:Founder crops 14035: 14034: 14033: 14030: 14029: 14027: 14025: 14021: 14017: 14013: 14008: 14004: 13998: 13995: 13991: 13988: 13987: 13986: 13983: 13979: 13978:New Stone Age 13976: 13974: 13971: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13959: 13956: 13955: 13954: 13951: 13950: 13947: 13943: 13936: 13931: 13929: 13924: 13922: 13917: 13916: 13913: 13901: 13897: 13893: 13891: 13883: 13882: 13879: 13873: 13870: 13868: 13865: 13863: 13860: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13850: 13849: 13847: 13842: 13838: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13826:South Ossetia 13824: 13822: 13819: 13817: 13814: 13812: 13809: 13808: 13806: 13804: 13798: 13792: 13789: 13787: 13784: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13774: 13772: 13769: 13767: 13764: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13719: 13717: 13714: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13702: 13699: 13697: 13694: 13692: 13689: 13687: 13684: 13682: 13679: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13634: 13632: 13629: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13548: 13546: 13544: 13540: 13536: 13529: 13524: 13522: 13517: 13515: 13510: 13509: 13506: 13494: 13486: 13484: 13474: 13473: 13470: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13419: 13415: 13413: 13409: 13406: 13404: 13403: 13399: 13397: 13394: 13392: 13389: 13387: 13384: 13382: 13379: 13377: 13374: 13372: 13369: 13367: 13364: 13362: 13361:LGBTQ culture 13359: 13357: 13354: 13352: 13349: 13347: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13324: 13321: 13319: 13316: 13314: 13311: 13309: 13306: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13293: 13289: 13286: 13284: 13281: 13279: 13276: 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13264: 13261: 13259: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13246: 13244: 13242: 13238: 13232: 13229: 13227: 13224: 13222: 13219: 13217: 13214: 13212: 13209: 13207: 13204: 13202: 13199: 13197: 13194: 13192: 13189: 13187: 13184: 13180: 13177: 13176: 13175: 13172: 13168: 13165: 13164: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13119: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13107: 13097: 13094: 13092: 13089: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13071:Manufacturing 13069: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13059: 13057: 13054: 13053: 13050: 13047: 13045: 13041: 13027: 13024: 13020: 13017: 13016: 13015: 13012: 13010: 13007: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12999:Fiscal policy 12997: 12993: 12990: 12989: 12988: 12985: 12984: 12982: 12980: 12976: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12954: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12941: 12938: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12927: 12926: 12925:National Diet 12923: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12909: 12908:Supreme Court 12906: 12905: 12904: 12901: 12897: 12894: 12893: 12892: 12889: 12887: 12884: 12882: 12879: 12875: 12872: 12871: 12870: 12867: 12865: 12862: 12860: 12857: 12856: 12853: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12840: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12822: 12820: 12817: 12815: 12812: 12810: 12807: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12787: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12756: 12753: 12750: 12748: 12744: 12732: 12729: 12727: 12724: 12723: 12722: 12719: 12718: 12716: 12712: 12704: 12701: 12699: 12696: 12695: 12694: 12691: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12677: 12674: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12653: 12652: 12649: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12636: 12635: 12632: 12631: 12629: 12625: 12619: 12616: 12614: 12611: 12608: 12605: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12567: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12558: 12556: 12553: 12549: 12546: 12545: 12544: 12541: 12540: 12538: 12534: 12528: 12525: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12512: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12490: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12467: 12464: 12463: 12462: 12459: 12457: 12454: 12453: 12451: 12447: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12429: 12426: 12425: 12424: 12421: 12417: 12416:Hakuhō period 12414: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12403: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12378: 12376: 12372: 12364: 12363:Imperial Navy 12361: 12359: 12358:Imperial Army 12356: 12354: 12351: 12350: 12349: 12346: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12336: 12334: 12331: 12327: 12324: 12322: 12319: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12309: 12308: 12306: 12305: 12303: 12299: 12296: 12294: 12290: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12276: 12275: 12272: 12268: 12264: 12257: 12252: 12250: 12245: 12243: 12238: 12237: 12234: 12227: 12223: 12219: 12216: 12213: 12209: 12205: 12202: 12197: 12193: 12192: 12182: 12181: 12176: 12172: 12167: 12165: 12161: 12157: 12154: 12150: 12147: 12143: 12139: 12133: 12129: 12125: 12121: 12120:Keene, Donald 12117: 12113: 12108: 12106: 12102: 12099: 12096: 12092: 12089: 12085: 12081: 12078: 12073: 12068: 12067: 12062: 12059: 12055: 12051: 12047: 12044: 12040: 12039: 12027: 12021: 12017: 12013: 12012: 12007: 12003: 11999: 11997:9781107004184 11993: 11989: 11984: 11980: 11974: 11970: 11966: 11965: 11960: 11956: 11952: 11946: 11942: 11937: 11933: 11931:9789004147966 11927: 11923: 11918: 11914: 11912:9780312239152 11908: 11904: 11899: 11895: 11889: 11885: 11880: 11879: 11873: 11869: 11865: 11859: 11855: 11850: 11849: 11842: 11838: 11832: 11828: 11823: 11819: 11817:9780071460620 11813: 11809: 11804: 11800: 11794: 11790: 11785: 11784: 11777: 11773: 11771:9780742557932 11767: 11763: 11758: 11754: 11749: 11745: 11740: 11736: 11730: 11726: 11722: 11718: 11717:Keene, Donald 11714: 11710: 11704: 11700: 11699: 11693: 11689: 11683: 11679: 11674: 11670: 11665: 11661: 11655: 11651: 11650: 11644: 11640: 11634: 11626: 11624:0-415-00906-5 11620: 11616: 11611: 11609: 11604: 11598: 11594: 11590: 11589: 11583: 11579: 11573: 11569: 11565: 11564: 11558: 11554: 11548: 11544: 11540: 11535: 11531: 11525: 11521: 11517: 11516: 11510: 11506: 11500: 11496: 11492: 11491: 11485: 11484: 11480:Cited sources 11471: 11467: 11463: 11459: 11455: 11451: 11447: 11443: 11439: 11432: 11430: 11428: 11419: 11413: 11408: 11407: 11398: 11391: 11386: 11378: 11374: 11370: 11366: 11362: 11358: 11351: 11344: 11342: 11334: 11329: 11322: 11317: 11310: 11305: 11289: 11285: 11284:Livedoor News 11281: 11273: 11257: 11253: 11249: 11241: 11234: 11229: 11213: 11209: 11205: 11197: 11178: 11174: 11173: 11165: 11157: 11155: 11138: 11134: 11133: 11132:Uki, Kumamoto 11128: 11120: 11118: 11101: 11097: 11096: 11095:Tokyo Shoseki 11091: 11083: 11081: 11073: 11068: 11061: 11056: 11048: 11042: 11038: 11031: 11024: 11019: 11012: 11007: 11000: 10995: 10988: 10987:Tonomura 2009 10983: 10976: 10975:Tonomura 2009 10971: 10964: 10963:Tonomura 2009 10959: 10952: 10951:Tonomura 2009 10947: 10945: 10937: 10932: 10925: 10920: 10914:, p. 96. 10913: 10908: 10906: 10899:, p. 26. 10898: 10893: 10891: 10884:, p. 13. 10883: 10882:Henshall 2012 10878: 10870: 10866: 10862: 10855: 10847: 10843: 10839: 10833: 10825: 10821: 10814: 10812: 10795: 10791: 10787: 10779: 10771: 10767: 10763: 10757: 10755: 10753: 10751: 10742: 10738: 10734: 10728: 10712: 10708: 10704: 10698: 10690: 10686: 10682: 10675: 10673: 10671: 10669: 10652: 10648: 10644: 10638: 10630: 10626: 10620: 10613: 10609: 10605: 10602: 10596: 10576: 10572: 10571: 10566: 10558: 10552: 10545: 10544:Henshall 2012 10540: 10532: 10526: 10510: 10506: 10500: 10484: 10480: 10476: 10470: 10463: 10462:Henshall 2012 10458: 10450: 10446: 10440: 10431: 10424: 10423:Henshall 2012 10419: 10412: 10411:Henshall 2012 10407: 10400: 10399:Henshall 2012 10395: 10388: 10387:9789004380523 10384: 10380: 10374: 10367: 10366:Henshall 2012 10362: 10355: 10354:Henshall 2012 10350: 10343: 10338: 10331: 10326: 10319: 10318:Henshall 2012 10314: 10307: 10306:Henshall 2012 10302: 10295: 10290: 10283: 10278: 10262: 10258: 10254: 10247: 10239: 10235: 10231: 10225: 10218: 10213: 10207:, p. 33. 10206: 10201: 10193: 10191:9780262090292 10187: 10183: 10179: 10174: 10173: 10167: 10161: 10154: 10149: 10142: 10137: 10130: 10125: 10118: 10113: 10106: 10105:Henshall 2012 10101: 10094: 10089: 10082: 10077: 10070: 10069:9781483305325 10066: 10062: 10056: 10049: 10044: 10037: 10036:Henshall 2012 10032: 10025: 10024:Henshall 2012 10020: 10013: 10008: 10001: 10000:Henshall 2012 9996: 9989: 9988:Henshall 2012 9984: 9977: 9976:Henshall 2012 9972: 9965: 9964:Henshall 2012 9960: 9953: 9948: 9941: 9937: 9933: 9927: 9920: 9915: 9908: 9903: 9895: 9891: 9887: 9883: 9879: 9875: 9868: 9861: 9856: 9854: 9852: 9844: 9843:Henshall 2012 9839: 9832: 9831:Henshall 2012 9827: 9820: 9819:Henshall 2012 9815: 9808: 9803: 9796: 9795:Henshall 2012 9791: 9784: 9783:9780521527194 9780: 9776: 9770: 9763: 9758: 9751: 9746: 9739: 9738:Henshall 2012 9734: 9727: 9722: 9715: 9714:Henshall 2012 9710: 9703: 9702:9780230378759 9699: 9695: 9689: 9682: 9681:Henshall 2012 9677: 9670: 9666: 9661: 9654: 9653:9780395599242 9650: 9646: 9640: 9633: 9628: 9621: 9616: 9609: 9604: 9597: 9596:Henshall 2012 9592: 9584: 9578: 9574: 9570: 9569: 9561: 9554: 9553:Henshall 2012 9549: 9542: 9541:Henshall 2012 9537: 9530: 9529:Henshall 2012 9525: 9518: 9517:Henshall 2012 9513: 9506: 9501: 9494: 9489: 9482: 9477: 9470: 9469:Henshall 2012 9465: 9458: 9457:Henshall 2012 9453: 9446: 9445:Henshall 2012 9441: 9434: 9429: 9422: 9421:Henshall 2012 9417: 9410: 9409:Henshall 2012 9405: 9403: 9395: 9390: 9383: 9378: 9371: 9366: 9359: 9354: 9347: 9342: 9335: 9330: 9323: 9318: 9316: 9308: 9303: 9295: 9291: 9287: 9283: 9279: 9275: 9272:(1): 91–122. 9271: 9267: 9263: 9256: 9249: 9248:Henshall 2012 9244: 9237: 9236:Henshall 2012 9232: 9225: 9220: 9213: 9208: 9201: 9196: 9189: 9184: 9177: 9172: 9165: 9164:Henshall 2012 9160: 9153: 9148: 9141: 9136: 9129: 9124: 9117: 9112: 9105: 9100: 9084: 9080: 9076: 9072: 9068: 9061: 9053: 9051:9780520045576 9047: 9043: 9036: 9029: 9024: 9017: 9016:Henshall 2012 9012: 9005: 9004:Henshall 2012 9000: 8998: 8991:, p. 83. 8990: 8985: 8978: 8977:Henshall 2012 8973: 8967:, p. 86. 8966: 8961: 8954: 8949: 8942: 8937: 8930: 8925: 8918: 8913: 8906: 8901: 8895:, p. 80. 8894: 8893:Henshall 2012 8889: 8883:, p. 98. 8882: 8877: 8870: 8865: 8857: 8851: 8847: 8846: 8841: 8835: 8828: 8827:Henshall 2012 8823: 8817:, p. 89. 8816: 8815:Henshall 2012 8811: 8804: 8803:9780804820974 8800: 8796: 8790: 8783: 8778: 8771: 8766: 8759: 8758:Henshall 2012 8754: 8747: 8742: 8734: 8727: 8720: 8715: 8709:, p. 83. 8708: 8707:Henshall 2012 8703: 8697:, p. 81. 8696: 8695:Henshall 2012 8691: 8684: 8683:Henshall 2012 8679: 8672: 8667: 8660: 8654: 8652: 8644: 8643:Henshall 2012 8639: 8637: 8635: 8627: 8626:Henshall 2012 8622: 8615: 8610: 8604:, p. 78. 8603: 8602:Henshall 2012 8598: 8596: 8589:, p. 75. 8588: 8587:Henshall 2012 8583: 8581: 8579: 8571: 8570:Henshall 2012 8566: 8558: 8556:9780195339222 8552: 8548: 8544: 8538: 8531: 8526: 8520:, p. 70. 8519: 8518:Henshall 2012 8514: 8507: 8502: 8495: 8490: 8483: 8478: 8471: 8466: 8459: 8454: 8447: 8442: 8435: 8430: 8423: 8422:Henshall 2012 8418: 8416: 8414: 8406: 8405:9780870116216 8402: 8398: 8392: 8385: 8380: 8373: 8372:9780870116230 8369: 8365: 8359: 8352: 8347: 8340: 8334: 8327: 8322: 8315: 8314:9780195331264 8311: 8307: 8301: 8294: 8289: 8282: 8277: 8270: 8264: 8256: 8254:9780813127637 8250: 8246: 8239: 8231: 8225: 8217: 8213: 8209: 8203: 8199: 8195: 8189: 8182: 8177: 8171:, p. 64. 8170: 8169:Henshall 2012 8165: 8159:, p. 67. 8158: 8153: 8146: 8141: 8134: 8129: 8122: 8117: 8115: 8108:, p. 61. 8107: 8106:Henshall 2012 8102: 8087: 8083: 8077: 8070: 8069:9781598847413 8066: 8062: 8056: 8050:, p. 60. 8049: 8048:Henshall 2012 8044: 8038:, p. 60. 8037: 8032: 8025: 8020: 8013: 8008: 8006: 7998: 7997:Henshall 2012 7993: 7991: 7983: 7978: 7971: 7966: 7959: 7954: 7947: 7946:Henshall 2012 7942: 7935: 7934:Henshall 2012 7930: 7928: 7921:, p. 72. 7920: 7915: 7908: 7903: 7897:, p. 50. 7896: 7895:Henshall 2012 7891: 7884: 7879: 7872: 7867: 7860: 7855: 7848: 7843: 7836: 7835:Henshall 2012 7831: 7824: 7819: 7812: 7807: 7801:, p. 46. 7800: 7799:Henshall 2012 7795: 7793: 7785: 7784:Holcombe 2017 7780: 7771: 7767: 7763: 7759: 7752: 7745: 7740: 7734:, p. 40. 7733: 7728: 7721: 7716: 7708: 7701: 7693: 7686: 7678: 7676:9780786499618 7672: 7669:. McFarland. 7668: 7667: 7659: 7651: 7645: 7641: 7634: 7632: 7623: 7621:9789722705677 7617: 7613: 7612: 7604: 7596: 7592: 7585: 7578: 7573: 7566: 7561: 7555:, p. 45. 7554: 7553:Henshall 2012 7549: 7542: 7537: 7530: 7529:9780813349657 7526: 7522: 7516: 7509: 7503: 7497:, p. 46. 7496: 7491: 7484: 7479: 7473:, p. 37. 7472: 7467: 7460: 7459:Henshall 2012 7455: 7453: 7451: 7444:, p. 41. 7443: 7442:Henshall 2012 7438: 7431: 7426: 7419: 7414: 7407: 7402: 7400: 7398: 7390: 7389:Henshall 2012 7385: 7378: 7377:Henshall 2012 7373: 7366: 7361: 7355:, p. 96. 7354: 7349: 7342: 7337: 7330: 7325: 7318: 7317:Henshall 2012 7313: 7306: 7301: 7294: 7289: 7282: 7277: 7270: 7265: 7259: 7256: 7250: 7248: 7240: 7239:Henshall 2012 7235: 7233: 7225: 7220: 7214:, p. 30. 7213: 7212:Henshall 2012 7208: 7202:, p. 44. 7201: 7196: 7189: 7184: 7177: 7172: 7166:, p. 28. 7165: 7164:Henshall 2012 7160: 7153: 7152:Henshall 2012 7148: 7141: 7140:Henshall 2012 7136: 7129: 7123: 7116: 7111: 7105:, p. 62. 7104: 7099: 7092: 7086: 7084: 7077:, p. 87. 7076: 7071: 7065:, p. 94. 7064: 7059: 7053:, p. 31. 7052: 7051:Henshall 2012 7047: 7040: 7035: 7028: 7023: 7016: 7011: 7009: 7007: 6998: 6996:9780826328717 6992: 6988: 6981: 6974: 6973:Henshall 2012 6969: 6967: 6965: 6958:, p. 99. 6957: 6952: 6946:, p. 59. 6945: 6940: 6933: 6932:9781118608319 6929: 6925: 6919: 6913:, p. 26. 6912: 6911:Henshall 2012 6907: 6900: 6895: 6888: 6883: 6877:, p. 56. 6876: 6875:Henshall 2012 6871: 6865:, p. 24. 6864: 6863:Henshall 2012 6859: 6852: 6846: 6838: 6836:9780847801329 6832: 6828: 6821: 6815:, p. 68. 6814: 6809: 6803:, p. 57. 6802: 6797: 6790: 6785: 6783: 6781: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6734: 6726: 6719: 6714: 6707: 6706:Henshall 2012 6702: 6695: 6690: 6682: 6680:9780674017535 6676: 6672: 6671:Belknap Press 6668: 6667: 6662: 6656: 6649: 6644: 6637: 6636:9780870116216 6633: 6629: 6623: 6615: 6609: 6605: 6604: 6596: 6589: 6584: 6582: 6574: 6573:Henshall 2012 6569: 6563:, p. 51. 6562: 6557: 6550: 6549:Henshall 2012 6545: 6543: 6541: 6533: 6532:Henshall 2012 6528: 6522:, p. 25. 6521: 6516: 6509: 6503: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6485: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6460: 6456: 6455: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6439: 6435: 6432: 6431: 6424: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6406: 6402: 6399: 6398: 6391: 6383: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6368: 6360: 6353: 6349: 6346:, Vol.1 2012 6345: 6342: 6338: 6335: 6334: 6329: 6323: 6315: 6309: 6305: 6304: 6299: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6266: 6262: 6259: 6258: 6251: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6233: 6229: 6226: 6225: 6218: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6183: 6177:, p. 88. 6176: 6175:Holcombe 2017 6171: 6164: 6158: 6151: 6146: 6138: 6132: 6128: 6127: 6119: 6113:, p. 64. 6112: 6107: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6060: 6051: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6026: 6019: 6018:9781405193399 6015: 6011: 6005: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5966: 5959: 5955: 5952: 5951: 5944: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5922: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5887: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5830: 5828: 5823: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782:, China-Japan 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5761: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5738: 5737: 5733: 5730: 5729: 5725: 5723: 5722: 5718: 5716: 5715: 5711: 5709:, in Japanese 5708: 5707: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5678: 5667: 5664: 5653: 5650: 5639: 5632: 5630: 5626: 5625: 5620: 5616: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5600: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5586: 5581: 5575: 5563: 5562:Shi-nō-kō-shō 5558: 5554: 5550: 5542: 5539:near-highest 5536: 5532: 5530: 5525: 5521: 5518: 5514: 5513: 5508: 5502: 5493: 5489: 5487: 5483: 5478: 5474: 5469: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5442: 5441:was revoked. 5440: 5435: 5431: 5426: 5424: 5420: 5415: 5413: 5409: 5403: 5393: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5378: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5367:tallest tower 5364: 5363:Tokyo Skytree 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5343: 5336: 5331: 5327: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5296: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5271:Tokyo in 2010 5269: 5264: 5254: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5243:Yukio Mishima 5240: 5236: 5235: 5231:(animation), 5230: 5229: 5224: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5186:Anpo protests 5183: 5179: 5175: 5172:, though the 5171: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5143:Kuril Islands 5140: 5136: 5132: 5127: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5095: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5076: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5065:Liberal Party 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5030: 5026: 5025:Postwar Japan 5016: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4993: 4989: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4965:National Diet 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4941: 4935: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4913: 4909: 4904: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4869: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4842: 4840: 4839: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4813: 4809: 4807: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4783: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4706: 4701: 4694: 4693: 4686: 4681: 4677: 4667: 4665: 4661: 4655: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4631:their victory 4628: 4619: 4614: 4610: 4608: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4592: 4588: 4583: 4580:. During the 4579: 4575: 4574:Kwantung Army 4549: 4547: 4541: 4537: 4527: 4525: 4524:Edogawa Ranpo 4521: 4520: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4501: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4430: 4420: 4418: 4414: 4408: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4393: 4387: 4378: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4352: 4347: 4343: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4310:(through the 4309: 4303: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4272: 4266: 4261: 4257: 4247: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4204: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4140: 4139:from Chōshū. 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4089: 4074: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4063:Emperor Meiji 4060: 4056: 4055: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4039: 4035: 4030: 4029:US government 4026: 4017: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3998: 3993: 3989: 3988: 3982: 3979: 3978:Tenpō famines 3972: 3968: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3943: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3932: 3927: 3926: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3904: 3900: 3899: 3894: 3893: 3888: 3887: 3877: 3872: 3863: 3861: 3855: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3844: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3830: 3823: 3821: 3820: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3793:Toyotomi clan 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3742: 3737: 3723: 3721: 3720:Tokugawa clan 3717: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3645: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3634:Azuchi Castle 3631: 3627: 3618: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3594: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3583: 3578: 3577: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3542: 3540: 3536: 3528: 3523: 3519: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3490: 3485: 3483: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3458: 3454: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3422: 3412: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3362: 3357: 3349: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3338: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3320:Emperor Kōmyō 3317: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3270: 3265: 3258: 3253: 3246: 3241: 3238: 3237: 3232: 3231: 3230: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3200: 3196: 3193: 3189: 3188: 3183: 3182:Mongol Empire 3179: 3175: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3163:Tosa Province 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3137: 3136: 3131: 3130: 3125: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3099:Hōjō Tokimasa 3096: 3091: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3075: 3072: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3051: 3050: 3045: 3044: 3039: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3005: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2958: 2957: 2956:Tale of Genji 2952: 2948: 2947: 2942: 2939:, as well as 2938: 2934: 2933: 2928: 2927: 2919: 2918: 2905: 2899:Heian culture 2896: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2849: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2774: 2769: 2763: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2740: 2735: 2731: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2702: 2698: 2692: 2687: 2683: 2681: 2680:Emperor Kammu 2675: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2634:Emperor Shōmu 2631: 2626: 2624: 2623: 2618: 2614: 2613:creation myth 2610: 2609: 2604: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2591:) modeled on 2590: 2586: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2550: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2537: 2536: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2501:Taika Reforms 2498: 2497:Fujiwara clan 2494: 2490: 2486: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2409:The Buddhist 2407: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2351: 2349: 2344: 2342: 2338: 2329: 2325: 2323: 2322: 2316: 2312: 2307: 2305: 2304: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2282: 2277: 2270: 2265: 2256: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2241: 2236: 2235: 2230: 2229: 2223: 2221: 2215: 2208: 2207: 2203:bronze bell ( 2202: 2197: 2193: 2191: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2172: 2159:(1000–400 BC) 2158: 2154: 2148: 2143: 2136: 2131: 2127: 2120: 2115: 2114: 2113: 2111: 2110:Jōmon pottery 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2064: 2062: 2061: 2056: 2055: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2006: 2002: 1999:Japan at the 1997: 1992: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1897:Taishō period 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1879:in 1868. The 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1762:Minamoto clan 1759: 1755: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1700: 1699: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1662: 1657: 1655: 1650: 1648: 1643: 1642: 1640: 1639: 1634: 1624: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1606:Organisations 1602: 1601: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1576: 1570: 1569: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1534: 1528: 1527: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1466: 1465: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1415: 1409: 1408: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1342: 1336: 1335: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1305: 1299: 1298: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1285:New religions 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1272: 1268: 1262: 1261: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1243:Shichi-Go-San 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1211: 1205: 1204: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1179: 1173: 1172: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1159:Urban legends 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1132: 1131: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1067: 1061: 1060: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1015: 1009: 1008: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 972: 968: 962: 961: 954: 951: 949: 948:Naval history 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 891: 887: 881: 880: 876: 872: 871: 867: 863: 862: 858: 854: 853: 843: 838: 836: 831: 829: 824: 823: 821: 820: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 801: 800: 799: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 730: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 677: 666: 665: 655: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 635: 633: 632: 627: 626: 622: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 592: 590: 589: 584: 583: 579: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 563:Anpo protests 561: 559: 558:Postwar Japan 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 470: 468: 467: 463: 462: 458: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 438: 436: 435: 430: 429: 425: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 355: 353: 352: 347: 346: 342: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 292: 290: 286: 281: 280: 276: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 256: 254: 253: 248: 247: 243: 237: 234: 232: 229: 228: 226: 225: 220: 219: 215: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 190: 188: 187: 182: 181: 177: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 157: 155: 154: 149: 148: 144: 141: 140: 135: 134: 130: 127: 126: 121: 120: 116: 113: 112: 107: 106: 102: 99: 98: 93: 92: 88: 86: 85: 81: 80: 76: 74: 73: 69: 68: 56: 55: 51: 47: 46: 43: 40: 39: 35: 31: 30: 27: 19: 15552:wedge-shaped 15537:Funeral pyre 15530:Great dolmen 15486:Chamber tomb 15467:Round barrow 15422:Stone circle 15294:Blombos Cave 15222:Grooved ware 15146:Chalcolithic 15050:Thornborough 14968:Flush toilet 14903:Blombos Cave 14898:Rock shelter 14854:Quiggly hole 14746:Architecture 14721:illustration 14363:Buffalo jump 14184:Storage pits 14147:Aşıklı Höyük 14137:Ground stone 13973:Subdivisions 13841:Dependencies 13771:Turkmenistan 13736:Saudi Arabia 13640: 13439:Tea ceremony 13416: 13410: / 13402:No-pan kissa 13400: 13371:Martial arts 13263:Architecture 13256: / 13201:Prostitution 13167:Homelessness 13137:Demographics 13061:Central bank 12891:Human rights 12859:Constitution 12714:Contemporary 12536:Early Modern 12440:Heian period 12428:Monmu period 12423:Taika Reform 12401:Asuka period 12396:Kofun period 12391:Yayoi period 12386:Jōmon period 12292: 12228:(1807–1865). 12179: 12170: 12159: 12155:. Routledge. 12152: 12145: 12123: 12111: 12094: 12083: 12065: 12049: 12042: 12014:. New York: 12010: 12006:Weston, Mark 11987: 11963: 11940: 11921: 11902: 11877: 11847: 11826: 11807: 11787:. New York: 11782: 11761: 11752: 11743: 11720: 11697: 11677: 11668: 11648: 11614: 11587: 11562: 11542: 11514: 11489: 11445: 11441: 11405: 11397: 11385: 11360: 11356: 11328: 11316: 11304: 11292:. Retrieved 11288:the original 11283: 11272: 11260:. Retrieved 11256:the original 11240: 11228: 11216:. Retrieved 11212:the original 11207: 11196: 11184:. Retrieved 11177:the original 11170: 11141:. Retrieved 11137:the original 11130: 11104:. Retrieved 11100:the original 11093: 11067: 11055: 11036: 11030: 11018: 11006: 10994: 10982: 10970: 10958: 10931: 10919: 10877: 10869:the original 10864: 10854: 10846:the original 10841: 10832: 10824:the original 10798:. Retrieved 10789: 10778: 10770:the original 10765: 10741:the original 10736: 10727: 10715:. Retrieved 10711:the original 10706: 10697: 10689:the original 10684: 10655:. Retrieved 10651:the original 10646: 10637: 10628: 10619: 10612:The Guardian 10611: 10595: 10584:23 September 10582:. Retrieved 10575:the original 10568: 10565:総務省消防庁災害対策本部 10564: 10551: 10539: 10513:. Retrieved 10499: 10487:. Retrieved 10483:the original 10469: 10457: 10448: 10439: 10430: 10418: 10406: 10394: 10378: 10373: 10361: 10349: 10337: 10325: 10313: 10301: 10289: 10277: 10265:. Retrieved 10261:the original 10256: 10246: 10238:the original 10233: 10224: 10212: 10200: 10171: 10160: 10148: 10136: 10124: 10112: 10100: 10088: 10076: 10060: 10055: 10043: 10031: 10019: 10007: 9995: 9983: 9971: 9959: 9947: 9931: 9926: 9914: 9902: 9877: 9873: 9867: 9862:, p. 1. 9838: 9826: 9814: 9802: 9790: 9774: 9769: 9757: 9745: 9733: 9721: 9709: 9693: 9688: 9676: 9668: 9660: 9644: 9639: 9627: 9615: 9603: 9591: 9573:Random House 9571:. New York: 9567: 9560: 9548: 9536: 9524: 9512: 9500: 9488: 9476: 9464: 9452: 9440: 9433:McClain 2002 9428: 9416: 9389: 9377: 9365: 9360:, p. 1. 9353: 9341: 9329: 9302: 9269: 9265: 9255: 9243: 9231: 9219: 9207: 9195: 9183: 9171: 9159: 9147: 9135: 9123: 9111: 9099: 9087:. Retrieved 9083:the original 9070: 9060: 9041: 9035: 9023: 9011: 8984: 8972: 8960: 8948: 8936: 8924: 8912: 8900: 8888: 8876: 8864: 8844: 8834: 8822: 8810: 8794: 8789: 8777: 8765: 8753: 8741: 8732: 8726: 8714: 8702: 8690: 8678: 8666: 8658: 8621: 8609: 8565: 8546: 8537: 8525: 8513: 8501: 8489: 8477: 8465: 8453: 8446:McClain 2002 8441: 8429: 8396: 8391: 8379: 8363: 8358: 8346: 8338: 8333: 8321: 8305: 8300: 8288: 8276: 8268: 8263: 8244: 8238: 8197: 8188: 8176: 8164: 8152: 8140: 8128: 8101: 8089:. Retrieved 8085: 8076: 8060: 8055: 8043: 8031: 8019: 7982:McClain 2002 7977: 7965: 7953: 7941: 7914: 7902: 7890: 7878: 7866: 7854: 7842: 7830: 7818: 7806: 7779: 7761: 7757: 7751: 7739: 7727: 7715: 7700: 7685: 7665: 7658: 7639: 7610: 7603: 7594: 7584: 7572: 7560: 7548: 7536: 7520: 7515: 7507: 7502: 7490: 7478: 7466: 7437: 7425: 7413: 7384: 7372: 7360: 7348: 7336: 7324: 7312: 7300: 7288: 7276: 7264: 7254: 7219: 7207: 7195: 7183: 7171: 7159: 7147: 7135: 7127: 7122: 7110: 7098: 7090: 7070: 7058: 7046: 7034: 7022: 6986: 6980: 6951: 6939: 6923: 6918: 6906: 6894: 6882: 6870: 6858: 6850: 6845: 6826: 6820: 6808: 6796: 6736: 6732: 6725: 6713: 6701: 6689: 6665: 6655: 6643: 6627: 6622: 6602: 6595: 6568: 6556: 6527: 6515: 6507: 6502: 6475: 6471:Hudson, Mark 6466: 6458: 6453: 6429: 6423: 6396: 6390: 6366: 6359: 6332: 6322: 6302: 6256: 6250: 6223: 6217: 6192: 6188: 6182: 6170: 6162: 6157: 6145: 6125: 6118: 6106: 6073: 6069: 6059: 6040: 6036: 6025: 6009: 6004: 5979: 5975: 5972:Homo sapiens 5971: 5965: 5949: 5943: 5930: 5921: 5909:. Retrieved 5900: 5896: 5886: 5843: 5839: 5734: 5726: 5719: 5712: 5704: 5663:Japan portal 5628: 5622: 5612: 5608: 5588:) under the 5583: 5579: 5546: 5526: 5522: 5510: 5503: 5499: 5490: 5470: 5450:assassinated 5443: 5427: 5416: 5405: 5379: 5371:Canton Tower 5349:, including 5339: 5297: 5274: 5251:martial arts 5232: 5226: 5220: 5214: 5206:bullet train 5198:Hayato Ikeda 5167: 5128: 5112:Plaza Accord 5096: 5080:Joseph Dodge 5077: 5073:Shōwa period 5063:. Yoshida's 5047: 4985: 4973:State Shinto 4945:its colonies 4938: 4936: 4927: 4917: 4910:signing the 4908:Dean Acheson 4850:Soviet Union 4843: 4836: 4818: 4803: 4784: 4741: 4691: 4670:World War II 4656: 4623: 4595: 4570: 4543: 4517: 4502: 4471: 4443:Katsura Tarō 4432: 4409: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4356: 4304: 4277: 4242:under which 4222:, the first 4220:Itō Hirobumi 4205: 4148: 4146: 4133:Ito Hirobumi 4106: 4077:Modern Japan 4052: 4042: 4022: 3995: 3985: 3983: 3974: 3944: 3936:Matsuo Bashō 3929: 3923: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3896: 3890: 3884: 3881: 3856: 3841: 3827: 3824: 3817: 3812: 3808: 3800: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3746: 3740: 3711: 3696: 3687: 3672: 3664: 3652: 3650: 3626:Oda Nobunaga 3623: 3580: 3574: 3567:tea ceremony 3560: 3551: 3548: 3532: 3501: 3486: 3478: 3463: 3438: 3424: 3421:Nanban trade 3415:Nanban trade 3408: 3404: 3388: 3384: 3376: 3372: 3366: 3360: 3335: 3332: 3313: 3307: 3302:Portrait of 3234: 3203: 3185: 3176:launched by 3171: 3140: 3133: 3127: 3121: 3115: 3111:Hōjō regents 3092: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3068: 3063: 3059: 3047: 3041: 3037: 3027: 3024:Kantō region 3009: 2979:Feudal Japan 2961: 2954: 2944: 2941:Sei Shōnagon 2930: 2924: 2922: 2915: 2892: 2850: 2813: 2803: 2797: 2781: 2777: 2771: 2767: 2764: 2747: 2737: 2727: 2721: 2706: 2677: 2674:Heian period 2654:Heian period 2627: 2620: 2606: 2600: 2597:Tang dynasty 2582: 2540: 2533: 2526:Prince Ōtomo 2505:philosophies 2487:launched by 2482: 2477:Asuka period 2453: 2442: 2438: 2418: 2408: 2399: 2388:Asuka period 2385: 2345: 2334: 2319: 2308: 2301: 2297: 2279: 2276:Kofun period 2273: 2252: 2238: 2233: 2226: 2224: 2216: 2212: 2204: 2201:Yayoi period 2177:Yayoi people 2174: 2171:Yayoi period 2165:Yayoi period 2157:Jōmon period 2126:Jōmon period 2087: 2073:Jōmon period 2067:Jōmon period 2058: 2052: 2037:Homo sapiens 2036: 2029: 1972:. Since the 1943: 1857: 1828: 1817:Oda Nobunaga 1813: 1805: 1799: 1781: 1751: 1731:Heian period 1711:Jōmon people 1706:Yayoi people 1703: 1696: 1689:Yayoi period 1681:Jōmon period 1670: 1588:Coat of arms 1546:Architecture 1494:Martial arts 1280:Christianity 1186:Food history 1118:Tea ceremony 1111: / 899:Demographics 808: 738:Christianity 629: 595:Lost Decades 586: 523:World War II 464: 432: 349: 284: 259:Nanban trade 250: 222: 184: 151: 137: 123: 109: 95: 82: 70: 41: 26: 15574:unchambered 15569:Long barrow 15559:Grave goods 15515:Court cairn 15510:Clava cairn 15462:Bowl barrow 15400:Rock cupule 15343:Golden hats 15336:Hill figure 15237:Unstan ware 15217:Cord-marked 15082:Sweet Track 15004:Burnt mound 14925:Stilt house 14913:Sibudu Cave 14706:Tally stick 14674:Quern-stone 14659:Hammerstone 14649:Fire plough 14620:Pesse canoe 14578:Bannerstone 14548:Other tools 14461:Lithic core 14409:Aurignacian 14297:Bare Island 14179:Quern-stone 13900:Asia portal 13801:States with 13721:Philippines 13661:South Korea 13656:North Korea 13551:Afghanistan 13454:Video games 13196:Pornography 12804:Prefectures 12784:Environment 12779:Earthquakes 12764:Archipelago 12671:Pacific War 12627:Late Modern 12435:Nara period 12381:Paleolithic 12086:. Leipzig, 11172:Shimonoseki 11163:人権意識のアップデート 11072:Farris 1995 11060:Totman 2005 11011:Farris 1995 10999:Farris 1995 10936:Farris 1995 10924:Farris 1995 10912:Farris 1995 10897:Farris 1995 10842:Japan Times 10342:Totman 2005 10294:Totman 2005 10093:Totman 2005 10048:Totman 2005 9807:Totman 2005 9762:Totman 2005 9665:Coox, Alvin 9632:Totman 2005 9505:Totman 2005 9493:Walker 2015 9481:Weston 2002 9346:Totman 2005 9334:Totman 2005 9322:Totman 2005 9307:Totman 2005 9224:Totman 2005 9152:Totman 2005 9128:Totman 2005 9116:Totman 2005 9104:Totman 2005 9071:Stand Alone 8905:Totman 2005 8782:Totman 2005 8770:Weston 2002 8746:Totman 2005 8719:Totman 2005 8671:Totman 2005 8482:Walker 2015 8434:Totman 2005 8194:Baten, Jörg 8181:Jansen 2000 8145:Jansen 2000 8133:Totman 2005 8121:Totman 2005 8024:Totman 2005 7970:Totman 2005 7883:Walker 2015 7871:Farris 2009 7847:Farris 2009 7823:Weston 2002 7720:Farris 2009 7577:Farris 2009 7483:Totman 2005 7418:Farris 2009 7406:Farris 2009 7365:Sansom 1958 7353:Totman 2005 7305:Weston 2002 7281:Weston 2002 7269:Weston 2002 7224:Totman 2005 7176:Totman 2005 7115:Sansom 1958 7075:Farris 2009 7063:Totman 2005 7015:Totman 2005 6956:Sansom 1958 6944:Farris 2009 6899:Totman 2005 6813:Sansom 1958 6801:Sansom 1958 6789:Totman 2005 6754:10125/17273 6718:Weston 2002 6694:Totman 2005 6588:Totman 2005 6561:Totman 2005 6520:Farris 1995 6459:Teppyong’ni 6150:Walker 2015 6111:Totman 2005 6076:: 385–395. 5911:16 February 5771:, 1930–1945 5541:court ranks 5486:Nobuo Kishi 5460:serviceman 5365:became the 5351:video games 5304:South Korea 5293:Lost Decade 5009:be returned 4760:Philippines 4744:Hideki Tojo 4676:Pacific War 4273:(1894–1895) 4153:prefectures 3892:ukiyo-zōshi 3684:Hōjō family 3489:Ōtomo Sōrin 3449:missionary 3427:Tanegashima 3178:Kublai Khan 3167:Sado Island 3118:feudalistic 3095:Hōjō Masako 2912: 1130 2709:Nagaoka-kyō 2608:Nihon Shoki 2577:Nara period 2575:during the 2559:Nara period 2522:Prince Ōama 2518:Jinshin War 2456:written in 2253:Book of Wei 2240:Book of Wei 2228:Book of Han 2032:Paleolithic 1974:Lost Decade 1893:great power 1875:during the 1698:Book of Han 1677:Paleolithic 1514:Rugby union 1457:Pornography 1452:Video games 1349:Light novel 1228:Hinamatsuri 1191:Ingredients 690:Earthquakes 533:Pacific War 441:World War I 72:Paleolithic 15782:Categories 15713:trepanning 15606:Ring cairn 15564:Jar burial 15547:transepted 15479:U.S. sites 15380:Petroglyph 15306:Bird stone 15264:wine press 14937:Stone roof 14920:Roundhouse 14812:long house 14789:Stonehenge 14757:Ceremonial 14701:Stone tool 14528:Tool stone 14498:Metallurgy 14402:Mousterian 14379:Toolmaking 14317:Cumberland 14290:Transverse 14260:Schöningen 14152:Qesem cave 14120:Earth oven 14074:Irrigation 13985:Technology 13953:Prehistory 13781:Uzbekistan 13756:Tajikistan 13671:Kyrgyzstan 13651:Kazakhstan 13571:Bangladesh 13561:Azerbaijan 13444:Television 13366:Literature 13328:Hikikomori 13249:Aesthetics 13127:Censorship 13009:Ministries 12979:Government 12693:Heisei era 12676:Occupation 12634:Taishō era 12595:Boshin War 12575:Government 12543:Edo period 12456:Genpei War 12406:Taihō Code 11687:0674009916 11617:. London. 11591:. London: 11390:Neary 2009 11333:Neary 2009 11321:Neary 2009 11309:Neary 2009 11233:Neary 2009 10737:Nippon.com 10657:26 October 10330:Meyer 2009 10282:Perez 1998 10267:10 January 10217:Kapur 2018 10205:Kapur 2018 10012:Perez 1998 9952:Perez 1998 9919:Perez 1998 9907:Perez 1998 9860:Kapur 2018 9750:Perez 1998 9726:Perez 1998 9608:Perez 1998 9394:Perez 1998 9358:Large 2007 9212:Perez 1998 9200:Large 2007 9188:Meyer 2009 9176:Perez 1998 9140:Perez 1998 9028:Perez 1998 8953:Perez 1998 8941:Perez 1998 8929:Perez 1998 8917:Perez 1998 8881:Perez 1998 8506:Perez 1998 8470:Perez 1998 8384:Perez 1998 8157:Perez 1998 8036:Perez 1998 8012:Perez 1998 7919:Perez 1998 7859:Perez 1998 7811:Perez 1998 7744:Perez 1998 7732:Perez 1998 7649:1841769517 7565:Perez 1998 7541:Perez 1998 7495:Perez 1998 7471:Perez 1998 7430:Perez 1998 7341:Keene 1999 7329:Perez 1998 7293:Keene 1999 7258:pp. 19, 20 7200:Meyer 2009 7188:Keene 1999 7103:Meyer 2009 7039:Perez 1998 7027:Keene 1999 6887:Keene 1999 6648:Perez 1998 6457:(松菊里) and 6454:Songguk’ni 5861:2115/72078 5549:Edo period 5471:After the 5456:by former 5446:Shinzo Abe 5283:, Emperor 5263:Heisei era 5084:Korean War 5051:served as 4778:, and the 4510:Haruo Satō 4429:Taishō era 4397:Mitsubishi 4395:, such as 4332:Qing China 4071:Boshin War 3803:, and the 3749:Edo period 3613:Edo period 3591:Kinkaku-ji 3466:commercial 3431:Portuguese 3151:Oki Island 2932:Tosa Diary 2881:Genpei War 2658:monk Dōkyō 2650:ordination 2530:Taihō Code 1917:its allies 1907:. Japan's 1877:Boshin War 1845:Edo period 1770:Genpei War 1504:Ice hockey 1499:Basketball 1427:Television 1341:Literature 1066:Traditions 1000:Ryukuyuans 923:Healthcare 605:Cool Japan 473:Militarism 335:Boshin War 288:(Tokugawa) 170:Genpei War 15757:symbolism 15621:Tor cairn 15579:Grønsalen 15520:Cremation 15412:Sculpture 15390:Pictogram 15375:Petroform 15195:amber use 15163:Cosmetics 14973:Reservoir 14958:Check dam 14888:Pueblitos 14883:Pit-house 14866:Longhouse 14800:Dwellings 14669:Microlith 14600:Bow drill 14595:Bone tool 14588:prismatic 14397:Acheulean 14312:Cresswell 14285:Arrowhead 14211:Boomerang 14127:Granaries 14089:Terracing 13968:Stone Age 13867:Hong Kong 13821:Palestine 13746:Sri Lanka 13741:Singapore 13621:Indonesia 13418:Otokonoko 13386:Mythology 13298:Festivals 13221:Sexuality 13174:Languages 13147:Etiquette 13142:Education 13091:Transport 12903:Judiciary 12864:Elections 12774:Districts 12759:Addresses 12747:Geography 12721:Reiwa era 12651:Shōwa era 12565:Meiji era 12555:Bakumatsu 12478:Genkō War 12338:Education 12301:Overviews 12122:(1998) . 11719:(1999) . 11633:cite book 11470:142516741 10707:NHK WORLD 10182:MIT Press 10153:Togo 2005 10141:Togo 2005 10129:Togo 2005 9880:(1): 20. 9382:Sims 2001 9370:Sims 2001 9294:241681897 9286:1880-1390 9089:22 August 8869:Kerr 1958 8530:Hane 1991 8494:Hane 1991 8458:Sims 2001 8351:Hane 1991 8326:Hane 1991 8293:Hane 1991 8281:Hane 1991 8224:cite book 8216:914156941 7958:Kerr 1958 7907:Hane 1991 6235:Routledge 6189:Antiquity 6098:1040-6182 5982:: 70–78. 5931:NHK World 5878:149000410 5870:0011-3204 5819:Citations 5629:burakumin 5624:burakumin 5555:, citing 5428:When the 5402:Reiwa era 5165:in 1972. 4997:Ogasawara 4981:Article 9 4866:broadcast 4772:Singapore 4768:Hong Kong 4651:pan-Asian 4649:, a vast 4587:Manchukuo 4536:Shōwa era 4193:Mori Ōgai 4088:Meiji era 4054:sonnō jōi 3967:Bakumatsu 3775:gave the 3587:Yoshimasa 3147:Jōkyū War 3060:shogunate 2851:In 1156, 2846:Hiraizumi 2713:Heian-kyō 2691:Heian-kyō 2622:Man'yōshū 2585:Heijō-kyō 2452:The word 2427:Confucian 2411:Soga clan 2382:in Japan. 2094:sedentism 2049:megafauna 2024: sea 1928:announced 1889:an empire 1885:Meiji era 1723:Heian-kyō 1533:Monuments 1442:Media mix 1395:Kayōkyoku 1210:Festivals 1164:Folktales 1137:Mythology 1079:Etiquette 1014:Languages 914:Education 894:Era names 729:Religion 720:Geography 705:Education 700:Era names 325:Bakumatsu 264:Imjin War 224:Muromachi 203:Genkō War 193:Jōkyū War 15395:Rock art 15358:painting 15331:Geoglyph 15156:timeline 15136:Beadwork 14876:Mehrgarh 14871:Mudbrick 14779:megalith 14654:Fire-saw 14476:debitage 14471:analysis 14439:Hand axe 14419:Cupstone 13997:Glossary 13958:Timeline 13890:Category 13811:Abkhazia 13761:Thailand 13716:Pakistan 13696:Mongolia 13691:Maldives 13686:Malaysia 13586:Cambodia 13493:Category 13308:Folklore 13206:Religion 13179:Japanese 13152:Gambling 12962:Maritime 12843:Politics 12824:Villages 12505:Ōnin War 12348:Military 12333:Economic 12267:articles 12222:Volume 2 12101:Archived 12082:(1894). 12016:Kodansha 12008:(2002). 11961:(2005). 11874:(1958). 11462:40971613 11208:Kotobank 11023:Tonomura 10800:5 August 10794:Archived 10790:NHK News 10647:Olympics 10604:Archived 10525:cite web 10117:Gao 2009 10081:Gao 2009 8842:(2000). 8545:(2009). 6771:56131755 6763:42928724 6663:(2002). 6480:Archived 6434:Archived 6401:Archived 6337:Archived 6261:Archived 6228:Archived 6209:17316841 5954:Archived 5935:Archived 5905:Archived 5635:See also 5603:hatamoto 5580:hyakushō 5512:ritsuryō 5482:Hateruma 5408:Naruhito 5406:Emperor 5285:Hirohito 5275:Emperor 5170:Cold War 4940:zaibatsu 4932:New Deal 4928:de facto 4896:Hirohito 4886:General 4805:kamikaze 4546:Hirohito 4544:Emperor 4455:Minseitō 4451:Seiyūkai 4401:Sumitomo 4392:zaibatsu 4308:Hokkaido 4181:syphilis 4067:rescript 3997:kokugaku 3925:shamisen 3860:numeracy 3852:Nagasaki 3516:Nagasaki 3470:cultural 3369:Ōnin War 3219:Nichiren 3187:kamikaze 3087:Yasuhira 3083:de facto 3071:de facto 3020:Kamakura 2969:Byōdō-in 2929:and the 2926:Kokinshū 2893:de facto 2826:Abe clan 2768:ritsuryō 2722:In 858, 2715:(modern 2638:Tōdai-ji 2617:the gods 2593:Chang'an 2587:(modern 2569:Tōdai-ji 2547:Hōryū-ji 2535:ritsuryō 2419:de facto 2400:de facto 2380:Buddhism 2372:Hōryū-ji 1937:and the 1925:Hirohito 1871:and the 1839:(modern 1778:Kamakura 1754:Fujiwara 1747:Buddhism 1725:(modern 1519:Olympics 1484:Baseball 1275:Buddhism 1267:Religion 1238:Tanabata 1141:folklore 1104:Marriage 1084:Funerals 1074:Clothing 1032:Ryukyuan 1027:Japanese 975:Japanese 857:a series 855:Part of 814:Timeline 804:Glossary 775:Post-war 770:Politics 760:Military 733:Buddhism 685:Currency 186:Kamakura 34:a series 32:Part of 15752:Symbols 15363:pigment 15249:Weaving 15212:Cardium 15207:Pottery 15202:Mirrors 15190:Jewelry 15131:Baskets 15111:culture 14963:Cistern 14769:Pyramid 14711:Weapons 14689:Scraper 14679:Racloir 14639:Cleaver 14627:Chopper 14533:Uniface 14444:Grooves 14434:Hafting 14392:Oldowan 14351:Systems 14302:Cascade 14265:woomera 14255:harpoon 14228:history 14194:Hunting 14174:Pottery 14115:Cooking 14024:Farming 13990:history 13963:Outline 13786:Vietnam 13701:Myanmar 13681:Lebanon 13611:Georgia 13566:Bahrain 13556:Armenia 13449:Theatre 13424:Origami 13351:Irezumi 13346:Ikebana 13313:Gardens 13288:Cuisine 13241:Culture 13226:Smoking 13162:Housing 13110:Society 13044:Economy 12987:Cabinet 12869:Emperor 12809:Regions 12794:Islands 12681:Postwar 12609:(noble) 12374:Ancient 12321:Shoguns 12293:History 12283:Outline 12098:excerpt 12058:2059838 11541:(ed.). 11377:8976082 11294:7 March 11262:7 March 11218:7 March 11186:7 March 11143:7 March 11106:7 March 10515:2 March 10509:Emporis 10489:2 March 9894:2755258 6473:(1999) 6270:, 2003 6078:Bibcode 5984:Bibcode 5619:outcast 5594:samurai 5547:In the 5277:Akihito 4961:cabinet 4692:Shōkaku 4353:in 1939 4185:paresis 4149:daimyōs 4049:Satsuma 3987:rangaku 3955:bushido 3915:bunraku 3898:ukiyo-e 3838:Iemitsu 3829:seppuku 3813:daimyōs 3801:daimyōs 3779:of the 3688:daimyōs 3680:Shikoku 3562:ikebana 3552:daimyōs 3439:daimyōs 3409:daimyōs 3405:daimyōs 3389:daimyōs 3385:daimyōs 3373:daimyōs 3337:daimyōs 3324:Yoshino 3180:of the 3135:gokenin 3022:in the 3004:samurai 2786:samurai 2748:kampaku 2739:kampaku 2475:of the 2313:in the 2245:Yamatai 2106:pottery 2003:in the 1758:samurai 1613:Museums 1575:Symbols 1322:Ikebana 1317:Gardens 1178:Cuisine 1149:Deities 1099:Wasōbon 1037:Hachijō 1022:Japonic 886:History 809:History 748:Judaism 695:Economy 61:Periods 15730:flutes 15525:Dolmen 15449:Burial 15259:winery 15232:Linear 15062:Midden 15040:Cursus 15033:Goseck 14893:Pueblo 14844:Dugout 14829:Burdei 14508:Mining 14332:Lamoka 14327:Folsom 14307:Clovis 14164:Metate 14142:Hearth 14110:Basket 14084:Sickle 13831:Taiwan 13766:Turkey 13731:Russia 13666:Kuwait 13646:Jordan 13636:Israel 13596:Cyprus 13581:Brunei 13576:Bhutan 13434:Shinto 13356:Kawaii 13333:Hanami 13318:Geisha 13278:Cinema 13273:Bonsai 13191:People 13157:Health 13076:Energy 12957:Ground 12814:Rivers 12769:Cities 12607:Kazoku 12307:Lists 12265: 12164:online 12134: 12056: 12022: 11994: 11975: 11947: 11928: 11909: 11890: 11860: 11833: 11814: 11795: 11768: 11731: 11705: 11684: 11656: 11621: 11608:online 11599: 11574: 11549: 11526: 11501: 11468: 11460: 11414: 11375: 11043: 11025:, 360. 10717:8 July 10385: 10188: 10067: 9938: 9892: 9781: 9700: 9651: 9579: 9292: 9284: 9048: 8852: 8801: 8553: 8403: 8370: 8312: 8251: 8214: 8204: 8067: 7673: 7646: 7618: 7527: 6993: 6930: 6833: 6769: 6761: 6677: 6634: 6610: 6493: 6461:(大坪里). 6447: 6414: 6378: 6350: 6310: 6278:p. 60. 6274: 6241: 6207: 6133: 6096: 6016: 5876: 5868: 5599:daimyo 5590:daimyo 5585:chōnin 5551:, the 5529:slaves 5386:Tōhoku 5357:, and 5145:, and 5116:Nikkei 4922:, the 4838:Yamato 4821:Saipan 4764:Malaya 4756:Allies 4733: 4731: 4723: 4721: 4713: 4711: 4477:Allies 4318:(the " 4135:, and 4045:Chōshū 3940:Geisha 3910:kabuki 3848:Dejima 3843:sakoku 3809:daimyō 3777:daimyō 3773:shōgun 3769:shōgun 3765:shōgun 3741:shōgun 3712:daimyō 3692:slaves 3665:daimyō 3653:daimyō 3579:, and 3576:bonsai 3508:Hirado 3503:daimyō 3500:, the 3447:Jesuit 3435:musket 3377:daimyō 3361:daimyō 3308:shōgun 3292:, and 3064:bakufu 3049:bakufu 3043:shōgun 2949:, and 2869:Antoku 2822:Aterui 2806:Emishi 2729:sesshō 2648:as an 2646:Ganjin 2619:. The 2602:Kojiki 2473:regent 2439:Nippon 2392:Baekje 2311:Yamato 2303:haniwa 2296:. The 2249:Himiko 2206:dōtaku 2190:Kyūshū 2102:shards 2022: 2016: 2010: 1829:shōgun 1814:daimyō 1806:shōgun 1801:daimyō 1783:shōgun 1764:under 1760:. The 1743:Shinto 1717:. The 1432:Cinema 1390:Anison 1359:Poetry 1312:Bonsai 1290:Shinto 1196:Dishes 1123:Values 1094:Geisha 995:Yamato 967:People 859:on the 785:Sports 753:Shinto 710:Empire 671:Topics 588:Heisei 434:Taishō 310:Sakoku 36:on the 15647:sites 15591:Mummy 15311:Cairn 15227:Jōmon 15178:shoes 15173:Hides 15045:Henge 14999:Broch 14861:Jacal 14716:Wheel 14664:Knife 14610:Canoe 14605:Burin 14583:Blade 14481:flake 14342:Plano 14250:baton 14240:Spear 14206:Arrow 14159:Manos 14012:Tools 13872:Macau 13791:Yemen 13751:Syria 13726:Qatar 13706:Nepal 13641:Japan 13616:India 13606:Egypt 13591:China 13429:Sport 13412:Sentō 13408:Onsen 13391:Names 13381:Music 13376:Media 13342:Icons 13323:Games 13258:Manga 13254:Anime 13231:Women 13132:Crime 13066:Labor 12896:LGBTQ 12819:Towns 12799:Lakes 12353:Naval 12316:Clans 12278:Index 12263:Japan 12224:, by 12054:JSTOR 11466:S2CID 11458:JSTOR 11373:S2CID 11353:(PDF) 11180:(PDF) 11167:(PDF) 10766:Asahi 10578:(PDF) 10567:[ 10561:(PDF) 9890:JSTOR 9290:S2CID 8091:6 May 6767:S2CID 6759:JSTOR 6205:S2CID 5874:S2CID 5359:manga 5355:anime 5300:China 5234:manga 5228:anime 5222:kaiju 4776:Burma 4417:Tokkō 4151:with 4109:Tokyo 3931:Haiku 3920:kouta 3886:ukiyo 3657:Owari 3512:ships 3401:ninja 3211:Hōnen 3123:shugo 3033:征夷大将軍 2798:shōen 2790:Taira 2782:shōen 2778:shōen 2773:shōen 2717:Kyoto 2642:Gyōki 2509:China 2507:from 2458:kanji 2454:Nihon 2443:Nihon 2435:kanji 2404:Asuka 2315:Kinai 2298:kofun 2281:kofun 2269:Osaka 1841:Tokyo 1774:Taira 1727:Kyoto 1693:Japan 1471:Sport 1437:Anime 1422:Radio 1414:Media 1385:J-pop 1373:Music 1354:Manga 1113:Sentō 1109:Onsen 1089:Games 765:Naval 743:Islam 631:Reiwa 466:Shōwa 351:Meiji 153:Heian 125:Asuka 111:Kofun 97:Yayoi 84:Jōmon 15740:gudi 15498:Cist 15427:list 15254:Wine 15183:Ötzi 15168:Glue 15141:Beds 15109:and 15107:Arts 14978:Well 14834:Cave 14764:Kiva 14694:side 14684:Rope 14632:tool 14566:bone 14556:Adze 14322:Eden 14235:Nets 14105:Fire 14069:Goad 14054:Celt 13711:Oman 13676:Laos 13631:Iraq 13626:Iran 13303:Flag 13292:wine 13019:list 12992:list 12874:list 12326:Wars 12311:Eras 12220:and 12132:ISBN 12020:ISBN 11992:ISBN 11973:ISBN 11945:ISBN 11926:ISBN 11907:ISBN 11888:ISBN 11858:ISBN 11831:ISBN 11812:ISBN 11793:ISBN 11766:ISBN 11729:ISBN 11703:ISBN 11682:ISBN 11654:ISBN 11639:link 11619:ISBN 11597:ISBN 11572:ISBN 11547:ISBN 11524:ISBN 11499:ISBN 11412:ISBN 11296:2024 11264:2024 11220:2024 11188:2024 11145:2024 11108:2024 11041:ISBN 10802:2022 10719:2022 10659:2021 10586:2022 10531:link 10517:2012 10491:2012 10383:ISBN 10269:2010 10186:ISBN 10065:ISBN 9936:ISBN 9779:ISBN 9698:ISBN 9649:ISBN 9577:ISBN 9282:ISSN 9091:2014 9046:ISBN 8850:ISBN 8799:ISBN 8551:ISBN 8401:ISBN 8368:ISBN 8310:ISBN 8249:ISBN 8230:link 8212:OCLC 8202:ISBN 8093:2018 8065:ISBN 7671:ISBN 7644:ISBN 7616:ISBN 7525:ISBN 6991:ISBN 6928:ISBN 6831:ISBN 6675:ISBN 6632:ISBN 6608:ISBN 6491:ISBN 6445:ISBN 6412:ISBN 6376:ISBN 6348:ISBN 6308:ISBN 6272:ISBN 6245:p. 1 6239:ISBN 6131:ISBN 6094:ISSN 6014:ISBN 5913:2020 5866:ISSN 5569:士農工商 5454:Nara 5448:was 5340:The 5302:and 5241:and 5027:and 4999:and 4986:The 4951:and 4890:and 4703:The 4678:and 4538:and 4453:and 4399:and 4349:The 4258:and 4214:and 4191:and 4183:and 4123:and 4090:and 4047:and 4004:and 3969:and 3912:and 3819:rōjū 3747:The 3710:, a 3628:and 3493:Moji 3468:and 3395:and 3165:and 3157:and 3129:jitō 2964:kana 2859:and 2792:and 2605:and 2589:Nara 2491:and 2425:, a 2386:The 2153:Dogū 1956:and 1944:The 1915:and 1583:Flag 1479:Sumo 1375:and 1218:Obon 1139:and 1042:Ainu 985:Ainu 139:Nara 14849:Hut 14784:row 14615:Oar 14573:Axe 14561:Awl 13843:and 13459:Zen 13268:Art 13096:Yen 12967:Air 12915:Law 11450:doi 11365:doi 10629:BBC 9882:doi 9274:doi 9075:doi 7766:doi 6749:hdl 6741:doi 6197:doi 6086:doi 6074:471 6045:doi 6041:118 5992:doi 5980:248 5856:hdl 5848:doi 5099:GNP 4633:in 4012:". 3850:at 3757:Edo 3582:Noh 3527:Goa 3227:Zen 3126:or 2973:Uji 2953:'s 2545:of 2370:of 2321:uji 2104:of 1837:Edo 1400:Noh 1304:Art 285:Edo 15784:: 12130:. 12018:. 11971:. 11886:. 11856:. 11791:. 11727:. 11635:}} 11631:{{ 11595:. 11570:. 11522:. 11497:. 11464:. 11456:. 11446:70 11444:. 11440:. 11426:^ 11371:. 11361:90 11359:. 11355:. 11340:^ 11282:. 11206:. 11203:家格 11169:. 11153:^ 11129:. 11116:^ 11092:. 11079:^ 10943:^ 10904:^ 10889:^ 10863:. 10840:. 10810:^ 10764:. 10749:^ 10735:. 10705:. 10683:. 10667:^ 10645:. 10627:. 10610:. 10563:. 10527:}} 10523:{{ 10507:. 10477:. 10447:. 10255:. 10232:. 10184:. 10180:: 10176:. 9888:. 9878:45 9876:. 9850:^ 9401:^ 9314:^ 9288:. 9280:. 9270:75 9268:. 9264:. 9069:. 8996:^ 8650:^ 8633:^ 8594:^ 8577:^ 8412:^ 8226:}} 8222:{{ 8210:. 8113:^ 8084:. 8004:^ 7989:^ 7926:^ 7791:^ 7762:63 7760:. 7630:^ 7593:. 7449:^ 7396:^ 7246:^ 7231:^ 7082:^ 7005:^ 6963:^ 6779:^ 6765:. 6757:. 6747:. 6737:46 6735:. 6580:^ 6539:^ 6489:, 6443:, 6410:, 6370:. 6283:^ 6237:. 6203:. 6193:80 6191:. 6092:. 6084:. 6072:. 6068:. 6039:. 6035:. 5990:. 5978:. 5929:. 5903:. 5899:. 5895:. 5872:. 5864:. 5854:. 5844:58 5842:. 5838:. 5826:^ 5572:, 5531:. 5353:, 5075:. 5015:. 4894:, 4774:, 4770:, 4766:, 4762:, 4593:. 4512:. 4218:. 4131:, 3905:. 3722:. 3694:. 3640:. 3573:, 3569:, 3559:, 3518:. 3476:. 3383:, 3330:. 3288:, 3225:. 3055:幕府 3036:; 2975:. 2909:c. 2848:. 2324:. 2255:. 2234:Wa 2199:A 2063:. 1941:. 1855:. 1749:. 1737:. 916:, 13934:e 13927:t 13920:v 13527:e 13520:t 13513:v 13294:) 13290:( 12255:e 12248:t 12241:v 12140:. 12090:. 12076:. 12074:) 12070:( 12060:. 12028:. 12000:. 11981:. 11953:. 11934:. 11915:. 11896:. 11866:. 11839:. 11820:. 11801:. 11774:. 11737:. 11711:. 11690:. 11662:. 11641:) 11627:. 11605:. 11580:. 11555:. 11532:. 11507:. 11472:. 11452:: 11420:. 11379:. 11367:: 11298:. 11266:. 11222:. 11190:. 11147:. 11110:. 11049:. 10804:. 10721:. 10661:. 10614:. 10588:. 10533:) 10519:. 10493:. 10451:. 10389:. 10271:. 10194:. 10071:. 9942:. 9896:. 9884:: 9785:. 9704:. 9655:. 9585:. 9296:. 9276:: 9093:. 9077:: 9054:. 8858:. 8805:. 8559:. 8407:. 8374:. 8316:. 8257:. 8232:) 8218:. 8095:. 8071:. 7774:. 7772:. 7768:: 7709:. 7694:. 7679:. 7652:. 7624:. 7597:. 7531:. 6999:. 6934:. 6839:. 6773:. 6751:: 6743:: 6683:. 6638:. 6616:. 6384:. 6316:. 6211:. 6199:: 6139:. 6100:. 6088:: 6080:: 6053:. 6047:: 6020:. 5998:. 5994:: 5986:: 5915:. 5901:1 5880:. 5858:: 5850:: 5576:) 5566:( 3239:) 3052:( 3030:( 2579:. 1660:e 1653:t 1646:v 841:e 834:t 827:v 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.