64:
32:
250:
Many cases of pretibial myxedema, particularly cases that are mild, can be managed without specific pharmacologic treatment; approximately 50% of mild cases achieve complete remission without treatment after several years. When pharmacologic treatment is considered, topical, locally injected, or
194:
There are suggestions in the medical literature that treatment with radioactive iodine for Graves' hyperthyroidism may be a trigger for pretibial myxedema which would be consistent with radioiodine ablation causing or aggravating
562:
418:
Harvey, R. D.; Metcalfe, R. A.; Morteo, C.; Furmaniak, W.; Weetman, A. P.; Bevan, J. S. (1 June 1995). "Acute pre-tibial myxoedema following radioiodine therapy for thyrotoxic Graves' disease".
158:
are known to resolve very slowly. Application of petroleum jelly on the affected area could relieve the burning sensation and the itching. It occasionally occurs in non-thyrotoxic
115:
Pretibial myxedema is almost always preceded by the ocular signs found in Graves' disease. It usually presents itself as a waxy, discolored induration of the
778:
640:
735:
824:
745:
461:
PEACEY, S.R.; FLEMMING, L.; MESSENGER, A.; WEETMAN, A.P. (1 February 1996). "Is Graves' Dermopathy a
Generalized Disorder?".
402:
363:
800:
903:
199:, a condition which commonly occurs with pretibial myxedema and is believed to have common underlying features.
379:
206:, but there has been little research attempting to confirm these are also risk factors for pretibial myxedema.
697:
633:
898:
888:
921:
773:
163:
964:
866:
722:
675:
196:
135:
of the skin in the same areas. In advanced cases, this may extend to the upper trunk (torso), upper
63:
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915:
310:
97:
351:
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8:
834:
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268:
Schwartz, K. M.; Vahab
Fatourechi; Debra D. F. Ahmed; Gregory R. Pond (1 February 2002).
267:
999:
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52:
40:
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1004:
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128:
760:
649:
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100:
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231:
202:
Other known triggers for ophthalmopathy include thyroid hormone imbalance, and
136:
854:
993:
795:
687:
57:
460:
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710:
521:
497:
336:
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269:
179:
171:
482:
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439:
349:
880:
235:
227:
554:
270:"Dermopathy of Graves' Disease (Pretibial Myxedema): Long-Term Outcome"
175:
670:
601:
682:
393:
Rongioletti F, Rebora A (2007). "Mucinoses". In
Bolognia JL (ed.).
124:
44:
618:
155:
949:
223:
215:
715:
219:
132:
242:. Elastic stains will reveal a reduction in elastic tissue.
498:"Pretibial myxedema: pathophysiology and treatment options"
144:
140:
116:
31:
148:
350:
Dennis, Mark; Bowen, William Talbot; Cho, Lucy (2012).
544:
238:. Many of these patients may also have co-existing
308:
274:Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
392:
991:
131:of the feet, or as a non-localised, non-pitting
16:Skin lesion on the legs due to Graves' disease
634:
489:
174:contains circulating factors which stimulate
119:—classically described as having a so-called
495:
352:"Pre-tibial myxoedema (thyroid dermopathy)"
302:
127:aspect of the lower legs, spreading to the
641:
627:
62:
30:
779:Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia
326:
309:Prajapati VH, Mydlarski PR (March 2008).
285:
107:, with an incidence rate of about 1–5%.
386:
992:
251:systemic corticosteroids may be used.
103:, resulting as a rare complication of
622:
110:
825:Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter
397:. St. Louis: Mosby. pp. 616–7.
648:
13:
432:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1995.tb02695.x
80:in British English, also known as
47:of someone with pretibial myxedema
14:
1021:
801:Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis
540:
514:10.2165/00128071-200506050-00003
123:(orange peel) appearance—on the
39:Hands showing related condition
311:"Dermacase. Pretibial myxedema"
189:
454:
411:
343:
261:
1:
254:
245:
218:of the affected skin reveals
356:Mechanisms of Clinical Signs
234:may occur, which may become
209:
7:
10:
1026:
774:Thyroid hormone resistance
378:: CS1 maint: postscript (
226:. There is no increase in
90:Jadassohn-Dösseker disease
965:Toxic multinodular goiter
942:
879:
812:
759:
723:Thyroid dyshormonogenesis
698:Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome
676:Congenital hypothyroidism
656:
592:
548:
358:. Elsevier. p. 550.
51:
38:
29:
24:
791:Thyrotoxicosis factitia
693:Euthyroid sick syndrome
230:. Over time, secondary
164:Hashimoto's thyroiditis
867:Graves' ophthalmopathy
420:Clinical Endocrinology
287:10.1210/jcem.87.2.8220
222:in the mid- to lower-
805:Hyperthyroid myopathy
732:Hypothyroid myopathy
496:Fatourechi V (2005).
475:10.1089/thy.1996.6.41
960:Toxic nodular goiter
904:Subacute lymphocytic
821:Signs and symptoms
702:Signs and symptoms
94:myxoedema tuberosum
860:Pretibial myxedema
593:External resources
502:Am J Clin Dermatol
184:glycosaminoglycans
147:, back, chest and
111:Signs and symptoms
86:thyroid dermopathy
82:Graves' dermopathy
74:Pretibial myxedema
25:Pretibial myxedema
987:
986:
875:
874:
769:Hyperthyroxinemia
741:Hoffmann syndrome
728:Pickardt syndrome
706:Queen Anne's sign
666:Iodine deficiency
616:
615:
404:978-1-4160-2999-1
315:Can Fam Physician
240:stasis dermatitis
168:stasis dermatitis
71:
70:
41:thyroid acropachy
19:Medical condition
1017:
889:Acute infectious
835:Dalrymple's sign
810:
809:
643:
636:
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620:
619:
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67:
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34:
22:
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1019:
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1016:
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990:
989:
988:
983:
938:
871:
850:Griffith's sign
840:Stellwag's sign
814:Graves' disease
808:
761:Hyperthyroidism
755:
652:
650:Thyroid disease
647:
617:
612:
611:
588:
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557:
543:
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321:(3): 357, 369.
307:
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266:
262:
257:
248:
212:
204:tobacco smoking
192:
160:Graves' disease
113:
105:Graves' disease
61:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1023:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1002:
985:
984:
982:
981:
980:
979:
977:Colloid nodule
972:Thyroid nodule
969:
968:
967:
962:
957:
955:Endemic goitre
946:
944:
940:
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937:
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788:
786:Hashitoxicosis
783:
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748:
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685:
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658:Hypothyroidism
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553:
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549:Classification
542:
541:External links
539:
536:
535:
508:(5): 295–309.
488:
453:
426:(6): 657–660.
410:
403:
385:
365:978-0729540759
364:
342:
301:
280:(2): 438–446.
259:
258:
256:
253:
247:
244:
232:hyperkeratosis
211:
208:
197:ophthalmopathy
191:
188:
112:
109:
69:
68:
55:
49:
48:
36:
35:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
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1011:
1010:William Osler
1008:
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978:
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928:
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914:
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905:
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900:
899:De Quervain's
897:
896:
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890:
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868:
865:
861:
858:
856:
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848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
830:Boston's sign
828:
826:
823:
822:
820:
819:
817:
815:
811:
804:
802:
799:
797:
796:Thyroid storm
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
770:
767:
766:
764:
762:
758:
750:Atrophic type
749:
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721:
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691:
689:
688:Myxedema coma
686:
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126:
122:
121:peau d'orange
118:
108:
106:
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
65:
59:
58:Endocrinology
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
37:
33:
28:
23:
859:
711:Woltman sign
600:
576:
561:
505:
501:
491:
469:(1): 41–45.
466:
462:
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423:
419:
413:
394:
388:
355:
345:
318:
314:
304:
277:
273:
263:
249:
213:
201:
193:
190:Risk factors
178:to increase
153:
120:
114:
98:infiltrative
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
72:
943:Enlargement
922:Hashimoto's
881:Thyroiditis
855:Möbius sign
395:Dermatology
236:verruciform
228:fibroblasts
176:fibroblasts
137:extremities
994:Categories
927:Postpartum
916:Autoimmune
578:DiseasesDB
255:References
246:Management
101:dermopathy
1000:Mucinoses
918:/chronic
909:Palpation
671:Cretinism
602:eMedicine
374:cite book
210:Diagnosis
180:synthesis
78:myxoedema
53:Specialty
932:Riedel's
894:Subacute
716:Myoedema
683:Myxedema
607:derm/347
530:23661734
522:16252929
448:36798692
337:18337527
296:11836263
125:anterior
96:) is an
1005:Thyroid
845:lid lag
483:8777383
463:Thyroid
440:7634509
328:2278349
156:lesions
950:Goitre
528:
520:
481:
446:
438:
401:
362:
335:
325:
294:
224:dermis
216:biopsy
170:. The
166:, and
129:dorsum
60:
583:25147
572:242.9
526:S2CID
444:S2CID
368:; pbk
220:mucin
172:serum
133:edema
45:shins
746:LEMS
736:KDSS
567:9-CM
518:PMID
479:PMID
436:PMID
399:ISBN
380:link
360:ISBN
333:PMID
292:PMID
154:The
149:ears
145:neck
141:face
117:skin
43:and
563:ICD
510:doi
471:doi
428:doi
323:PMC
282:doi
182:of
92:or
996::
605::
581::
570::
524:.
516:.
504:.
500:.
477:.
465:.
442:.
434:.
424:42
422:.
376:}}
372:{{
354:.
331:.
319:54
317:.
313:.
290:.
278:87
276:.
272:.
214:A
186:.
162:,
151:.
143:,
139:,
88:,
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642:e
635:t
628:v
565:-
555:D
532:.
512::
506:6
485:.
473::
467:6
450:.
430::
407:.
382:)
339:.
298:.
284::
76:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
