1309:
660:
717:
369:
1720:
1374:
64:
398:
725:
416:
78:
832:, built in 1733 instead of a garden house, a work by the master builder, Hermann Korb, who was so important to Wolfenbüttel. Wolfenbüttel became a town of schools. In 1753 the teachers' training college was founded, which began in the orphanage and later moved to the building of the present-day Harztorwall School.
882:
During
Charles I's era, there were great achievements in the cultural and scientific fields: the theatre was promoted and education encouraged. In 1753 the ducal art and natural history collection—forerunner of the Natural History Museum—was founded. These substantial collections had been amassed by
547:
The area of
Brunswick(-Wolfenbüttel) was further subdivided in the succeeding decades. For example, the lines of Grubenhagen and Göttingen were split for a while. In a similar way, in 1432 the estates between the Deister hills and the Leine river, that had been gained in the meantime from the Middle
788:
which was still not finished. The effect on
Wolfenbüttel was catastrophic, as can be seen from the timber-framed houses built later on. 4,000 townsfolk followed the ducal family and Wolfenbüttel's population sank from 12,000 to 7,000. Only the archives, the ecclesiastical office and the
760:, from the collateral line of Lüneburg-Dannenberg, took over the reins of power in the principality and founded the New House of Brunswick. Under his rule, Wolfenbüttel reached its cultural zenith. One of his greatest achievements was the building of the
625:
buildings were built for the court, for its citizens and for ducal facilities, initially randomly, later designed to ducal requirements and for fire protection. In the heyday of the town's development its districts were named after various dukes: the
996:— were princes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern. In 1735 Ferdinand Albert II took over the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, the subordinate principality returning to the overarching Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
764:, the largest in Europe in its day. In 1671 an old pipe dream of the House of Welf dukes came true when the joint armies of the different dynastic lines were able to capture the town of Brunswick and add it to their domain.
902:. At a time when the political situation between Austria and Prussia had heated up once again, the small and medium-sized German states planned the creation of a larger princely state as a counterbalancing force.
777:
The town thus lost the independence it had enjoyed since the 15th century. In the process, the duke followed the trend and did not interfere with anything, including work on the new castle, begun in 1718 by
1665:
438:
839:'s closest allies. Whilst shortly beforehand the Habsburg emperor had been the most important focal point through political marriages, the Wolfenbüttel line of the Welfs became closely linked to the
556:
1275:
1049:
family did not move out when the contract expired or when the farmer died; i.e. that the family were not prematurely evicted as would have been the case before. In 1563 it was decreed by
589:, the courts and the archives—became the nerve centre of a giant region, from which the Wolfenbüttel-Brunswick part of the overall duchy was ruled. For a long time, it also governed the
1658:
1634:
859:. They also founded the "brotherhood in arms" between the little state and the great Prussian kingdom. Numerous Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel officers served in high positions in the
1083:
453:, whose history was characterised by numerous divisions and reunifications. It had an area of 3,828 square kilometres in the mid 17th century. Various dynastic lines of the
1651:
903:
1305:
641:
Following the twelfth division of the duchy in 1495, whereby the
Principality of Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen was re-divided into its component territories, Duke
1761:
1756:
993:
856:
899:
1225:
1741:
875:. An outstanding representative of the military alliance between Brunswick and Prussia was the Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg, the hereditary Prince
1373:
981:
1746:
585:
about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of
Brunswick. The castle built here for the Brunswick-Lüneburg dukes—together with the ducal chancery, the
985:
1101:
536:. He thus founded the Old House of Brunswick and laid the basis for what became, later, the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. His brother
17:
1082:, the dependence of the farmers was abolished. Farmers could now purchase the land freehold and the money required could be loaned from the
1297:
950:
784:
917:
The secret mission was disguised as a family visit at the time of the Autumn Fair. court life determined the timing of the stay in the
567:
In the meanwhile the dukes became weary of the constant disputes with the citizens of the town of
Brunswick and, in 1432, moved their
1771:
1068:
816:. As a consequence jam factories were established which were characteristic of Wolfenbüttel until the 20th century. In front of the
793:
remained as a link to earlier times. From
Brunswick there were jibes that Wolfenbüttel had deteriorated into a "widows' residence" (
676:
240:
1363:
757:
848:
1220:
7 vols. Hahnsche
Buchhandlung, Hannover 1977- (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen, 36)
63:
1766:
876:
888:
1050:
668:
1599:
642:
672:
884:
1240:
1199:
767:
In 1735 when the dynastic line died out another collateral line emerged: the
Brunswick-Bevern line founded in 1666.
1290:
503:
151:
96:
1776:
1343:
1333:
1135:
852:
602:
1395:
621:
on the Lower Weser. The importance of this court was signified by the number of craftsmen needed. Hundreds of
511:
450:
374:
185:
1469:
1464:
1358:
1348:
1265:
659:
560:
1709:
957:. After a short interregnum Brunswick was occupied from 1807 to 1813 by the French and became part of the
533:
198:
1704:
1415:
1283:
1106:
594:
529:
202:
1694:
1410:
702:
1476:
1353:
1010:
895:
698:
742:
in North
Germany but survived the war heavily damaged. The Wolfenbüttel line died out during the war.
651:
at Wolfenbüttel was added. From then on the name of the principality became "Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel".
1699:
1405:
590:
549:
226:
1689:
1643:
1425:
1624:
1442:
1338:
954:
898:
stayed in Brunswick on a political mission, when he accompanied the Weimarsch minister, his duke,
706:
598:
586:
1751:
1260:
770:
In 1753–1754 the residence of the dukes of Wolfenbüttel returned to Brunswick, to the newly built
540:(1242–1277) inherited the land around Lüneburg and founded the Old House of Lüneburg. The town of
844:
1061:
had to negotiate the extension of the estate lease; later this was increased to 9 years. In his
728:
716:
871:
of the principality screened the allied army in western Prussia and, in particular, the allied
1519:
1459:
1437:
1529:
1420:
1400:
1017:. According to Bornstedt, Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was therefore the first principality in the
958:
946:
872:
790:
761:
517:
387:
312:
1678:
1154:, Braunschweigische Museumsvorträge 1, Braunschweig: Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum, 1986
537:
1595:
1514:
1481:
1454:
934:
610:
1719:
8:
1504:
864:
750:
606:
483:
127:
1620:
1496:
1447:
1313:
1079:
1014:
965:
687:
466:
462:
405:
332:
1616:
1603:
1432:
1317:
1308:
1236:
1195:
1158:
1131:
1018:
942:
907:
713:, eventually resulted in large territorial gains accruing to Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
691:
458:
100:
964:
After the end of Napoleonic rule the state was re-established under the name of the
771:
735:
710:
555:
289:
169:
1152:
Im Schatten des großen Bruders: Braunschweig und Preußen in friderizianischer Zeit
937:
of 25 February 1803 the principality was given the territories of the secularised
683:
of Wolfenbüttel was expanded and the principality gained a Germany-wide standing.
1612:
1587:
1203:
1088:
442:
317:
131:
45:
578:
525:
116:
1591:
1486:
938:
724:
663:
Coat of arms of the principality in early modern times (at Wolfenbüttel Palace)
618:
614:
487:
141:
820:, the number of gardens grew, until they eventually reached the Lechlum Wood (
77:
1735:
1390:
1325:
860:
622:
499:
454:
1524:
1674:
1202:(Original ed: Verlag der Dietrich'schen Buchhandlung, Göttingen 1853–1857,
840:
779:
574:
541:
521:
495:
253:
111:
1162:
825:
813:
507:
164:
1021:
to do away with feudalism. The recess laid down that all arbitrariness (
928:
891:. Whilst Wolfenbüttel waned, Brunswick now experienced a cultural boom.
746:
989:
520:(also called Albert the Tall) (1236–1279) was given the regions around
984:
and his brothers. In 1667 Ferdinand Albert was awarded the castle of
1673:
1009:
According to Bornstedt serfdom in the state was abolished with the "
868:
739:
647:
569:
491:
1382:
1063:
836:
1509:
1030:
494:
seat of his family (located in the area of present-day eastern
645:
was given the land of Brunswick, to which the name of the new
288:• Wolfenbüttel line extinct; Calenberg and Göttingen to
1266:
Zur Rolle der Bauern im Duchy of BS-WF auf der Cremlingen.de
800:
The extensive gardens in front of the three town gates (the
1270:
582:
1078:) of 20 December 1834 by the state's legal successor, the
457:
ruled Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel until the dissolution of the
1037:
or 'lord of the manor' continued to be the owner of the
697:
From 1519 to 1523 the principality went to war with the
86: The Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in 1789
1255:
883:
the Brunswick dukes. This enterprise was supported by
1029:, of feudal manors, particularly on the death of the
929:
Napoleonic era and transfer to the Duchy of Brunswick
1261:
Karte von Niedersachsen am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts
1045:
could also quit. This change usually meant that the
552:. There were further reunifications and divisions.
953:was mortally wounded as a Prussian general in the
843:through the marriage of the Prussian Crown Prince
686:In 1500 Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel became part of the
514:, the duchy was divided in 1267–1269 by his sons.
1167:
1733:
1128:German Armies: War and German Society, 1648–1806
581:, which lay in a marshy depression of the river
1192:Geschichte der Lande Braunschweig und Lüneburg.
749:became part of the principality thanks to Duke
301:• Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern split off
1233:Die Landesteilungen der Welfen im Mittelalter.
999:
835:Politically Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was one of
824:). Its southern edge was graced by the little
1762:1260s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1757:Former states and territories of Lower Saxony
1659:
1291:
1194:3 vols. Repr. Hirschheydt, Hannover 1974–75,
978:Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern
1102:List of the rulers of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
980:emerged from an inheritance dispute between
971:
812:) were leased to the former gardeners as an
37:
1271:Castle of the House of Welf at Wolfenbüttel
1175:Aus der Geschichte von Rautheim an der Wabe
904:Duke Charles William Ferdinand of Brunswick
548:House of Brunswick, split away to form the
1666:
1652:
1298:
1284:
709:which, despite a resounding defeat in the
76:
723:
715:
658:
554:
268:• Regained Calenberg and Göttingen
1747:Principalities of the Holy Roman Empire
14:
1742:Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
1734:
1125:
1004:
434:Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
331:• Formally re-established as the
34:Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
1647:
1279:
654:
591:principalities of Calenberg-Göttingen
215:• Re-partitioned from Göttingen
447:Fürstentum Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
39:Fürstentum Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
1107:List of rulers of the House of Welf
1074:With the Brunswick redemption law (
877:Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
679:followed, under whose lordship the
24:
1092:or land consolidation took place.
745:In 1571 the castle and village of
613:, the baronies of Klettenberg and
241:Union with Calenberg and Göttingen
25:
1788:
1249:
1086:. At the end of the 19th century
506:on 21 August 1235 as an imperial
1772:1815 disestablishments in Europe
1718:
1372:
1307:
1025:) in the levies on stewards, or
414:
396:
367:
62:
851:. The marriage was arranged by
738:Wolfenbüttel was the strongest
1144:
1119:
853:Frederick William I of Prussia
603:Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim
477:
257:(Lower Saxon Circle from 1512)
13:
1:
1767:1269 establishments in Europe
1112:
914:) which he did on 30 August.
906:was to be asked to join this
559:Coat of arms of the Duchy in
27:1269–1815 German principality
1071:made the farms inheritable.
699:principalities of Hildesheim
490:, had been given the former
461:in 1806. As a result of the
278:• Occupied Grubenhagen
18:Principality of Wolfenbüttel
7:
1679:Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1095:
1000:Economic and social history
720:Ducatus Brunsvicensis, 1645
544:remained under joint rule.
512:Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
465:, its successor state, the
451:Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
449:) was a subdivision of the
375:Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
10:
1793:
1218:Geschichte Niedersachsens.
1184:
896:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
863:, most notably during the
472:
1716:
1685:
1600:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
1538:
1495:
1381:
1370:
1324:
1173:Bornstedt, Wilhelm (ed),
1067:farewell in 1597, "Duke"
992:. He — and later his son
972:Collateral line in Bevern
951:Charles William Ferdinand
561:Schedel's World Chronicle
550:Principality of Calenberg
346:
342:
329:
309:
299:
286:
276:
266:
250:
237:
223:
213:
195:
182:
178:
157:
147:
137:
123:
107:
92:
75:
59:
54:
32:
707:Hildesheim Diocesan Feud
599:Bishopric of Halberstadt
184:• Partitioned from
1635:Unencircled territories
1396:Brunswick and Lunenburg
469:, was created in 1815.
1690:Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
1426:Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
1235:Lax, Hildesheim 1987,
1204:online at Google Books
1126:Wilson, Peter (2002).
1033:, were cancelled. the
731:
721:
664:
564:
510:under the name of the
446:
311:• Annexed to the
38:
1777:Former principalities
959:Kingdom of Westphalia
887:, the founder of the
873:Electorate of Hanover
727:
719:
662:
601:, large parts of the
558:
392:Kingdom of Westphalia
313:Kingdom of Westphalia
124:Common languages
1084:ducal lending office
1041:estate, but now the
935:German Mediatisation
762:Wolfenbüttel Library
758:Augustus the Younger
729:Schloss Wolfenbüttel
667:The reigns of dukes
634:in the east and the
114:1235–1432, 1753–1815
1611:Circles est. 1512:
1586:Circles est. 1500:
1316:(1500–1806) of the
1226:Publisher's summary
1053:that every 6 years
1013:of 17 May 1433" by
1005:The role of farmers
994:Ferdinand Albert II
955:Battle of Auerstedt
933:As a result of the
889:Collegium Carolinum
849:Elisabeth Christine
751:Julius of Brunswick
530:Einbeck-Grubenhagen
197:• Acquired by
1632:
1628:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1314:Lower Saxon Circle
1190:Wilhelm Havemann:
1080:Duchy of Brunswick
1015:Henry the Peaceful
982:Ferdinand Albert I
966:Duchy of Brunswick
732:
722:
688:Lower Saxon Circle
665:
655:Early modern times
605:, the counties of
565:
534:Göttingen-Oberwald
467:Duchy of Brunswick
463:Congress of Vienna
410:Duchy of Brunswick
333:Duchy of Brunswick
186:Brunswick-Lüneburg
1727:
1726:
1641:
1640:
1625:Electoral Rhenish
1318:Holy Roman Empire
1256:The House of Welf
1051:Henry the Younger
1019:Holy Roman Empire
908:league of princes
692:Holy Roman Empire
669:Henry the Younger
630:in the west, the
459:Holy Roman Empire
430:
429:
426:
425:
422:
421:
380:
379:
101:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
1784:
1722:
1668:
1661:
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1231:Gudrun Pischke:
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1209:
1178:
1171:
1165:
1157:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1123:
1076:Ablösungsordnung
900:Charles Augustus
865:Seven Years' War
857:Ferdinand Albert
772:Brunswick Palace
736:Thirty Years War
711:Battle of Soltau
486:, grandchild of
441:
418:
417:
400:
399:
384:
383:
371:
370:
364:
363:
348:
347:
321:
290:House of Hanover
258:
170:Early modern era
85:
80:
66:
49:
41:
30:
29:
21:
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1145:
1138:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1098:
1089:Flurbereinigung
1007:
1002:
974:
949:. In 1806 Duke
939:imperial abbeys
931:
894:In August 1784
885:Abbot Jerusalem
657:
643:Henry the Elder
480:
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437:
415:
409:
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318:Napoleonic Wars
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1675:Principalities
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1656:
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1487:Saxe-Lauenburg
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1330:
1328:
1326:Ecclesiastical
1322:
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1280:
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1250:External links
1248:
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1229:
1210:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1166:
1150:Werner Knopp,
1143:
1136:
1130:. p. 21.
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1001:
998:
973:
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930:
927:
830:Antoinettenruh
822:Lechlumer Holz
656:
653:
502:) by Emperor
488:Henry the Lion
484:Otto the Child
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1608:(Lower) Saxon
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1596:Upper Rhenish
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1471:
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1242:
1241:3-7848-3654-2
1238:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1201:
1200:3-7777-0843-7
1197:
1193:
1189:
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1176:
1170:
1164:
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983:
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948:
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936:
926:
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913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
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890:
886:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
861:Prussian Army
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
841:Hohenzollerns
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
787:
786:
781:
775:
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768:
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759:
756:In 1635 Duke
754:
752:
748:
743:
741:
737:
730:
726:
718:
714:
712:
708:
704:
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695:
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639:
637:
636:Heinrichstadt
633:
629:
624:
623:timber-framed
620:
617:and parts of
616:
612:
608:
604:
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597:, the Prince-
596:
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584:
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545:
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539:
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531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
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509:
505:
501:
500:Saxony-Anhalt
498:and northern
497:
493:
489:
485:
470:
468:
464:
460:
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455:House of Welf
452:
448:
444:
440:
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255:
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74:
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58:
53:
47:
40:
31:
19:
1752:Wolfenbüttel
1729:
1607:
1585:
1584:until 1734.
1232:
1217:
1213:
1212:Hans Patze (
1191:
1177:, pp. 28 ff.
1174:
1169:
1151:
1146:
1127:
1121:
1087:
1075:
1073:
1069:Henry Julius
1062:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1008:
977:
975:
963:
932:
922:
918:
916:
911:
893:
881:
834:
829:
821:
817:
809:
805:
801:
799:
794:
783:
780:Hermann Korb
776:
769:
766:
755:
744:
733:
696:
685:
680:
677:Henry Julius
666:
646:
640:
635:
631:
627:
579:Wolfenbüttel
575:water castle
568:
566:
546:
526:Wolfenbüttel
516:
504:Frederick II
496:Lower Saxony
481:
433:
431:
406:
388:
357:Succeeded by
356:
351:
254:Saxon Circle
152:Principality
117:Wolfenbüttel
103:(until 1806)
69:Coat of arms
1705:Grubenhagen
1621:Upper Saxon
1576:until 1695.
1572:until 1640.
1568:until 1773.
1560:until 1596.
1556:until 1705.
1552:until 1731.
1544:until 1701.
1540:until 1648.
1455:Mecklenburg
1416:Grubenhagen
1401:Blankenburg
1339:Halberstadt
1244:(in German)
1222:(in German)
1208:(in German)
1156:(in German)
943:Gandersheim
912:Fürstenbund
826:Lustschloss
814:emphyteusis
690:within the
632:Juliusstadt
628:Auguststadt
595:Grubenhagen
508:enfeoffment
478:Middle Ages
352:Preceded by
203:Grubenhagen
165:Middle Ages
1736:Categories
1617:Burgundian
1604:Franconian
1580:from 1701.
1564:from 1708.
1548:from 1648.
1530:Nordhausen
1525:Mühlhausen
1482:Regenstein
1438:Glückstadt
1344:Hildesheim
1137:1135370532
1113:References
990:Holzminden
921:castle on
795:Witwensitz
785:Grauer Hof
611:Regenstein
587:consistory
229:split off
205:split off
148:Government
128:Low German
1710:Göttingen
1700:Calenberg
1448:Pinneberg
1406:Calenberg
1359:Ratzeburg
1354:Magdeburg
1163:180492556
1059:Grundherr
1035:Grundherr
947:Helmstedt
869:regiments
845:Frederick
818:Herzogtor
810:Augusttor
802:Herzogtor
607:Hohnstein
542:Brunswick
522:Brunswick
439:‹See Tfd›
325:1807–1813
305:1667–1735
282:1596–1617
227:Calenberg
199:Göttingen
138:Religion
119:1432–1753
112:Brunswick
55:1269–1815
1695:Lüneburg
1613:Austrian
1588:Bavarian
1470:Strelitz
1465:Schwerin
1433:Holstein
1364:Schwerin
1096:See also
919:Residenz
747:Calvörde
740:fortress
703:Lüneburg
681:Residenz
648:Residenz
570:Residenz
518:Albert I
492:allodial
1677:in the
1592:Swabian
1515:Hamburg
1477:Rantzau
1460:Güstrow
1443:Gottorp
1421:Hanover
1383:Secular
1185:Sources
1064:Landtag
1023:Willkür
923:Bohlweg
837:Prussia
806:Harztor
791:library
782:on the
734:In the
705:in the
573:to the
563:of 1493
473:History
246:1484–95
239:•
225:•
108:Capital
99:of the
1520:Lübeck
1510:Goslar
1505:Bremen
1497:Cities
1391:Bremen
1349:Lübeck
1334:Bremen
1239:
1214:et al.
1198:
1161:
1134:
1031:farmer
1011:Recess
986:Bevern
867:. The
673:Julius
482:After
443:German
132:German
93:Status
84:
46:German
42:
1411:Celle
1055:Meier
1047:Meier
1043:Meier
1039:Meier
1027:Meier
988:near
615:Lohra
407:1815:
389:1807:
97:State
1237:ISBN
1196:ISBN
1159:OCLC
1132:ISBN
1057:and
976:The
945:and
855:and
808:and
701:and
675:and
619:Hoya
609:and
593:and
583:Oker
538:John
532:and
432:The
338:1815
295:1635
272:1584
262:1500
233:1432
219:1344
209:1292
191:1269
1216:):
941:of
925:.
847:to
828:of
797:).
577:of
1738::
1630:·
1623:,
1619:,
1615:,
1606:,
1602:,
1598:,
1594:,
1590:,
1206:)
968:.
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879:.
804:,
774:.
753:.
694:.
671:,
638:.
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445::
201:;
130:,
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1292:t
1285:v
1228:)
1224:(
1140:.
910:(
524:-
436:(
320:)
316:(
48:)
44:(
20:)
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