192:
162:
173:
865:), includes the conservation of wild birds, was declared by the European Commission in 1990, and included within the Azorean legislation under Regional Regulatory Decree 14/2004/A, 20 May 2004. (later altered in 24/2004/A, 1 July 2004 and 9/2005/A, 19 April). It corresponds to a group of classified areas under Directive 79/409/CEE, 2 April 1979, and legislated into action by Regional Regulatory Decree 18/2002/A, 16 May 2002.
133:). More than an adaption of the national regulations, it created the institutional structure that would give rise to Azorean protected areas, resulting in a reclassification of existing areas. Unfortunately, there were problems with the scheme, since the codification was not literally adaptable to the insular nature of the archipelago and the autonomous institutions that existed, nor the forest regime and reserves created
401:
361:
215:, in addition to one mammal and two endemic bird species. Bird species in the Azores, primarily migratory species, are usually found along the coastal islets and volcanic rocks, constituting important habitats. There are 46 bird species in the Azores, 33 that use the archipelago as a rookery, nesting periodically throughout the year. The other species are found within the forests in the interior, including some
393:
385:
377:
353:
343:
335:
369:
112:
Regional
Legislative Decree 15/87/A (24 July 1987), that established the legal framework for the creation and functioning of forest reserves. This was a decisive law, since the majority of the zones of conservation fell within the jurisdiction of the forest services. This law helped to put into practice many of the extensive
410:
The Azores consists of a network of protected areas constituted by legally delimited geographic territories, regulated and managed under specific guidelines established to advance territorial integrity and management of biodiversity. Each protected area is defined by a classification system developed
148:
The global framework for protected areas, utilizing re-classified standards that included diverse unified typologies was fixed in
Regional Legislative Decree 15/2007/A (25 June 2007), which preceded the revision of the network of protected area and their classification. That legal framework permitted
144:
network did not accompany advancements on the continent, nor were
Azorean areas integrated into existing classified sites of community interest. Published in 1998, a proposed list of communitarian important sites (under resolution 20/98, 5 February) was approved in 2001, resulting in the first list
1138:
Regional
Legislative Decree 15/2007/A (25 June 2007): Regime jurídico da conservação da natureza e da proteção da biodiversidade. Transpõe para o ordenamento jurídico regional a Diretiva n.º 92/43/CEE, do Conselho, de 21 de maio de 1992, relativa à preservação dos habitats naturais e da fauna e da
272:
into Azores, the
Regional Government sought to implement an environmental model which was based on management criteria with uniform set of designations, in order to classify protected areas. Using the island as the territorial management unit the Government of the Azores proceeded to overhaul the
872:
Initially, 23 sites of communitarian interest were identified, covering an area of approximately 33,639 ha. In addition, 15 special protection zones, associated with wild bird species, covering 11,825 ha and 8,646 ha of marine habitats were also included. Some terrestrial and marine areas of the
849:
and
Azorean territory, under Directive 92/43/CEE. This decision was later altered by Commission Decision 2008/95/CE 25 January 2008 and substituted by Commission Decision 2009/1001/UE (22 December 2009), which adopted in the application of the Directive 92/43/CEE, a secondary list with updated
111:
basis, even as the national Decree 613/76 (27 July 1976) revoked the older 9/70 law (19 June 1970) and instituted a new regime that allowed for the creation for national parks, which was never applied in the Azores. The first grande measure to protect habitats occurred with the publication of
91:
The first regional/local measures to protect the environment were introduced by
Regional Decree 12/77/A (14 June 1977), which established measures to protect the lakes, ravines and springs in the archipelago. The document, which was a pioneer at the time, included several rules to protect the
868:
Article 4 of the
Habitats Directive, requires that six years following the declaration of an area as a zone of communitarian importance, a status member must designate the areas as a special conservation zone. The article establishes priorities for its maintenance and the reestablishment of
202:
The archipelago is a region of volcanic landscapes with a strong terrestrial and marine biodiversity, marked by its place relative to continental
Portugal, exhibiting a group of peculiar characteristics of great interest to conservationists. Various factors contribute to this interest: its
152:
Regional
Legislative Decree 15/2012/A (2 April 2012), which approved the legal regime for conservation of nature and biodiversity, transcluded the Azorean legal order, the Birds Directive and the Habitats Directive, while repealing the Regional Legislative Decree 15/2007/A (25 June 2007),
825:
of a primordial character. A list of CORINE biotopes was produced that served as a base to propose the listing of several sites of communitarian importance, which was adopted under resolution 30/98, 5 February 1998, later corrected under Declaration 12/98, 7 May 1998, and approving a
869:
favourable conservation practices, in order to propagate natural habitats. This requisite was accomplished under Regional Regulatory Decree 5/2009/A, 3 June, which classified sites of communitarian importance (SIC) as special conservation zones (ZEC), in the territory of the Azores.
561:
These management areas correspond to distinct resource-rich and ecological significant physical zones that could ensure a continuity of ecological processes, while protecting inland and coastal areas. The regional network of protected areas, therefore, adopted the
273:
legal system that governed protected areas in order to classify, manage and administer protected areas in the region. This was accomplished by Regional Legislative Decree 15/2007/A, 25 June 2007, subsequently amended by the rectification 79/2007, 21 August 2007.
1318:
Decision 85/338/CEE (27 June 1985: Related to the adoption of a work program by the Commission respecting an experimental project for the collection, coordination and harmonization of information about the state of the environment and natural resources in the
264:
convention on habitats (such as Council-Directive 92/43/CEE 21 May 1992, regarding the preservation of natural habitats for wildlife and plants). Similarly, the protection of migratory and wild species of birds is framed within the European bird convention.
145:
of Biogeographic Region of Macaronesia. His had no immediate change in the legal statute of areas included, although indirectly, by Regional Legislative Decree 20/2006/A (6 June 2006), it did approve the sector plan for the Natura 2000 scheme in the Azores.
1339:
As part of the Habitats Directive, the Azores were included in the bio-geographic region of Macaronesia, under Article 1, section c, subparagraphy iii, Directive 92/43/CEE, as well as the bio-geographic map approved on 25 April 2005 by the
206:
The area, which has been populated since the 15th century, has several ecosystems and habitats with an elevated diversity of flora and fauna species. Of the endemic species characteristic of the islands: 68 are vascular plants, nine
1356:"Commission Decision 2008/95/CE (25 January 2008): Que adopta, em aplicação da Directiva 92/43/CEE do Conselho, a primeira lista actualizada dos sítios de importância comunitária para a região biogeográfica macaronésica"
1378:"Commission Decision 2009/1001/UE (22 December 2009): Que adopta, em aplicação da Directiva 92/43/CEE do Conselho, a segunda lista actualizada dos sítios de importância comunitária da região biogeográfica macaronésica"
948:
Decree 9/70, de 19 de Junho, que atribuiu ao Governo a incumbência de promover a protecção da Natureza e dos seus recursos em todo o território, de modo especial pela criação de parques nacionais e de outros tipos de
574:) categorization scheme in order to classify these natural regions due to their particular geographic, environmental, cultural and politico-administrative function in the territory, based on the following categories:
124:
on each island. It was followed by Regional Legislative Decree 21/93/A (23 December 1993), which applied to the Azores the same jurisdictional regime established in national Decree 19/93 (23 January 1993), the
876:
A Commission Decision 2009/1001/UE, on 22 December 2009, implemented Directive 92/43/CEE, that provided an updated list of important sites of communitarian interest to include the Menez Gwen and Lucky Strike
452:. Annex 5 includes amendments to the Convention on the Northeast Atlantic Marine Environment (OSPAR Convention), adapted in Sintra, on 23 July 1998, approved by Portugal under decrete 7/2006, 9 January:
792:
921:
Decree 78/72, de 7 de Março, que determina que a Caldeira do Faial passe a constituir uma reserva integral, de acordo com o estabelecido no n.º 4 da base IV da Lei n.º 9/70, de 19 de Junho
288:
and the implementation of nature conservation policies at the national level, resulted in the creation of a network of Protected Areas of the Azores, which has the following objectives:
36:, as well as the surrounding waters, under the international agreements and conventions. The network realizes the categorization of management for protected areas adopted by the
558:
Owing to existing designations, the Island Nature Parks and Marine Park of the Azores, include some areas already classified under the international conventions and directives.
739:
1164:
723:
149:
the subsequent creation of the nine nature parks in the Azores and the reclassification, in accordance with the established IUCN classifications, of protected areas.
691:
1030:
Regional Legislative Decree 15/87/A (24 July 1987), que estabelece o regime jurídico de criação e funcionamento de reservas florestais na Região Autónoma dos Açores
195:
Some of the parks in the Azores integrate not only environmental elements but also human spaces, such as this traditional home in the Capelo Forest Park, island of
643:
546:), created by local authorities to safeguard natural spaces, and include local parks, gardens, lookouts or comparable structures/spaces, that also include the
1139:
flora selvagens, e a Diretiva n.º 2009/147/CE, do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 30 de novembro de 2009, relativa à conservação das aves selvagens
976:
Regional Decree 12/77/A (14 June 1977), que estabelece medidas de protecção às lagoas, ribeiras e nascentes de água existentes no arquipélago dos Açores
302:
To contribute to the development of a network of natural conservation, that encompasses the protection and safeguarding of natural resources and values;
191:
411:
by the IUCN, that sets-out specific categories for the management of protected areas. In course are revisions to the nature protection protocols.
299:
To establish mechanisms for conservation, preservation and management of ecosystems, supporting biodiversity, natural resource and scientific use;
76:), which was subject to forestry service guidelines along its perimeter. These regulatory frameworks were in keeping with those establishing the
917:
1274:
878:
818:
563:
80:
and other national reserves, resulting from the application of Decree 9/70 (19 June 1970) These laws, approved under the juridic regime of the
37:
1172:(in Portuguese), vol. 1992L0043, Lisbon, Portugal: Serviço das Publicações Oficiais das Comunidades Europeias, p. 57, archived from
528:
s which, outside the oceanic limits of the Azores, integrates a specific management designation to areas that may fall within or without the
161:
918:
Ministério da Economia/Secretário de Estado da Agricultura/Direcção Regional dos Serviços Florestais e Aquícolas, ed. (7 March 1972),
92:
environment and retroactively included older measures. The creation of the first protected area under this new regime established the
40:(IUCN), adapting it to the specific geographical, environmental, cultural and political-administrative territory of the archipelago.
1166:
Directive 92/43/CEE (21 May 1992): Relativa à preservação dos habitats naturais e da fauna e da flora selvagens - Versão consolidada
1173:
227:. In addition, five of the seven species of the known oceanic turtles migrate within the waters of the archipelago, including the
1253:
Regional Legislative Decree 3/2012 (25 January 2012): Regime Jurídico da conservação da natureza e da protecção da biodiversidade
177:
48:
The first legal document identified to create a protected area in the Azores, was Decree 78/72 (7 March 1972), which created the
1479:
845:) and published with Commission decision 2002/11/CE 28 December 2001, and adopted as part of the bio-geographic definition of
1235:
1203:(in Portuguese), vol. L20/7, Lisbon, Portugal: Serviço das Publicações Oficiais das Comunidades Europeias, pp. 7–25
1520:
325:
To promote tourism activities and leisure incompatibilities in order to reconcile economic development of protected areas.
316:
To enhance the natural, cultural and built environments, regulating and intervening in order to mitigate its degradation;
638:, therefore, consist of various IUCN-designated areas within the administrative framework of each island. They include:
309:
In order to achieve these general objectives, the Protected Areas of the Azores pursued the following management goals:
1515:
1377:
1355:
1316:
1198:
104:) under Regional Decree 10/82/A (18 June 1982), while the caldera on Faial and the mountain of Pico were reclassified.
1084:
Regional Legislative Decree 20/2006/A (6 June 2006): Plano Sectorial da Rede Natura 2000 da Região Autónoma dos Açores
414:
This network of protected areas includes all the zones that may fall into pre-declared management areas, such as:
322:
To foster culture-based environmental information, interpretation and participation of organizations and citizens;
1322:, vol. L176/14, Lisbon, Portugal: Serviço das Publicações Oficiais das Comunidades Europeias, pp. 14–17
1431:(in Portuguese), vol. Série IA, Lisbon, Portugal: Diário da República/Imprensa Nacional, pp. 4552–4553
1090:(in Portuguese), vol. Série IA, Lisbon, Portugal: Diário da República/Imprensa Nacional, pp. 3866–3915
873:
Azores, characterized by their high richness in terms of biological diversity, were designated as SIC and SPAS.
510:
s are basically island management units, that encompass all the protected domains within each individual island;
436:
Protected humid zones of international importance, used in the preservation of aquatic bird habitats, under the
260:
area characterized by the presence of multiple species and habitats, including various which are subject to the
1404:(in Portuguese), vol. Série I, Lisbon, Portugal: Diário da República/Imprensa Nacional, pp. 3199–3204
1145:(in Portuguese), vol. Série I, Lisbon, Portugal: Diário da República/Imprensa Nacional, pp. 1625–1713
1117:(in Portuguese), vol. Série I, Lisbon, Portugal: Diário da República/Imprensa Nacional, pp. 4034–4041
1063:(in Portuguese), vol. Série I, Lisbon, Portugal: Diário da República/Imprensa Nacional, pp. 7137–7138
1036:(in Portuguese), vol. Série I, Lisbon, Portugal: Diário da República/Imprensa Nacional, pp. 2906–2907
982:(in Portuguese), vol. Série I, Lisbon, Portugal: Diário da República/Imprensa Nacional, pp. 1427–1428
85:
1003:
Regional Decree 1/80/A (31 January 1980), que estabelece medidas de protecção para a paisagem do Monte da Guia
1297:(in Portuguese), vol. Série I, Lisbon, Portugal: Diário da República/Imprensa Nacional, pp. 163–166
955:(in Portuguese), vol. Série I, Lisbon, Portugal: Diário da República/Imprensa Nacional, pp. 801–803
219:
forests. Marine biodiversity is encapsulated within an area that includes the islands' tidal zones until the
77:
1009:(in Portuguese), vol. Série I, Lisbon, Portugal: Diário da República/Imprensa Nacional, pp. 92–95
88:, and were the only interventions made by the central government in the protection of areas in the Azores.
64:). After a hiatus of two years, Decree 152/74 (15 April 1974) was published that created on the island of
1487:(in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: Diário da República, 12 January 2009, pp. 172–220, archived from
890:
185:
418:
Protected areas destined for the preservation of natural habitats, wild flora or fauna, included in the
1200:
Directive 2009/147/CE (30 November 2009); Relativa à conservação das aves selvagens (versão codificada)
755:
268:
Given the diverse habitats and ecosystems that exist in the Azores, and following the expansion of the
1425:
Decreto Legislativo Regional n.º 18/2002/A de 16 de Maio, que adapta à Região o Decreto-Lei n.º 140/99
1249:
460:
Areas of regional and local importance for the conservation of nature, biodiversity and landscapes:
203:
insularity, climate and geology, which ferment ecological conditions that are distinct to Portugal.
1111:
Regional Legislative Decree 15/2007/A (25 June 2007): Rede Regional de Áreas Protegidas dos Açores
771:
529:
404:
319:
To promote awareness, monitoring, conservation and dissemination of environmental values thereon;
166:
33:
28:) are the basic administrative-territorial and conservation structures in the archipelago of the
240:
In each of the nine islands there are rare and diverse ecosystems, marked by volcanic calderas,
81:
1250:
Presidência do Governo/Gabinete do Secretário Regional da Presidência, ed. (25 January 2012),
675:
293:
228:
1481:
Aprova a terceira revisão do Estatuto Político -Administrativo da Região Autónoma dos Açores
1251:
1525:
1488:
1450:
659:
346:
1423:
1421:
1289:
65:
8:
927:, vol. Série I, Lisbon, Portugal: Diário da República/Imprensa Nacional, p. 294
858:
797:
776:
760:
744:
728:
712:
696:
680:
664:
648:
623:
612:
601:
590:
579:
567:
539:
517:
499:
21:
1136:
1082:
1055:
32:
and the surrounding oceans. The areas integrate the entirety of the Azores within its
1396:
1268:
1231:
1109:
1028:
1001:
974:
946:
437:
285:
919:
817:
directives had its base in a group of areas identified between 1986-1987, under the
1222:
707:
449:
305:
To create manageable units for protected areas of each islands and surrounding sea.
224:
120:), resulting in the preservation of areas that today constitute the nucleus of the
56:), which was closely followed by Decree 79/72 (8 March 1972), that established the
1448:
1394:
233:
1422:
Região Autonoma dos Açores/Assembleia Legislativa Regional, ed. (16 May 2002),
277:
1458:, vol. Série I, Diário da República/Imprensa Nacional, pp. 3480–3483
1134:
1107:
1080:
1053:
1026:
999:
837:
This list was later recognized by the European Union, and integrated into the
1509:
220:
181:
153:
incorporating the new legal framework for the Protected Areas of the Azores.
853:
Another component of the Natura 2000 project implemented in the Azores, the
483:
In order to administrate and manage the protected areas of the Azores, the
196:
211:, 49 gastropods, 267 insect species, spiders, centipedes, crustaceans and
846:
814:
419:
269:
261:
141:
600:
Category 4 - Protected Areas for the Management of Habitats or Species (
1000:
Região Autonoma dos Açores/Assembleia Regional, ed. (31 January 1980),
241:
216:
1449:
Região Autonoma dos Açores/Presidência do Governo, ed. (3 June 2009),
1395:
Região Autonoma dos Açores/Presidência do Governo, ed. (20 May 2004),
208:
1287:
1135:
Região Autonoma dos Açores/Assembleia Regional, ed. (2 April 2012),
1108:
Região Autonoma dos Açores/Assembleia Regional, ed. (25 June 2007),
1054:
Região Autonoma dos Açores/Assembleia Regional, ed. (24 July 1987),
1027:
Região Autonoma dos Açores/Assembleia Regional, ed. (24 July 1987),
84:
government, occurred at a time when the Azores did not have its own
1081:
Região Autonoma dos Açores/Assembleia Regional, ed. (6 June 2006),
276:
In this context, and taking into account the obligations under the
253:
249:
237:, considered an important marker for species habitat preservation.
172:
448:
Protected areas created as shelter, under terms of Annex V of the
822:
257:
165:
The Forest Park of Mata da Serreta, in the western corner of the
400:
360:
313:
To promote and manage resources and natural and cultural values;
392:
108:
29:
622:
Category 6 - Protected Areas for the Management of Resources (
384:
376:
352:
256:, reefs, water courses and geological fissures. Each of these
342:
334:
281:
212:
1288:
Ministério dos Negocios Estrangeiros, ed. (9 January 2006),
1224:
Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories
368:
245:
972:
944:
62:
Integrated Reserve of the Mountain of the Island of Pico
1057:
Regional Legislative Decree 21/93/A (23 December 1993)
606:Área protegida para a gestão de habitats ou espécies
1398:Regional Regulating Decree 14/2004/A (20 May 2004)
572:União Internacional para a Conservação da Natureza
107:The protected areas continued to be created in an
1452:Regional Regulating Decree 5/2009/A (3 June 2009)
1507:
973:Região Autonoma dos Açores, ed. (19 June 1970),
491:) established the following management units:
489:Regional Secretariat of the Environment and Sea
945:Presidência da República, ed. (19 June 1970),
564:International Union for Conservation of Nature
223:, registering 460 species of fish, across 142
38:International Union for Conservation of Nature
292:To identity and value of each terrestrial or
908:Diário da República (12 January 2009), p.173
58:Reserva Integral da Montanha da ilha do Pico
1156:
1273:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1256:(in Portuguese), Horta (Azores), Portugal
802:Parque Marinho do Arquipélago dos Açores
793:Marine Archaeological Park of the Azores
611:Category 5 - Protected Landscape Areas (
485:Secretária Regional do Ambiente e do Mar
399:
391:
383:
375:
367:
359:
351:
341:
333:
190:
171:
160:
1190:
839:Sítios de Importância Comunitária (SIC)
466:Protected Areas of Regional Importance;
178:Recreational Forest Reserve of Valverde
54:Integrated Reserve of the Faial Caldera
1508:
1371:
1369:
1220:
832:List of National Sites for the Azores)
544:Áreas protegidas de importância local
121:
96:., and the first nature reserve, the
50:Reserva Integral da Caldeira do Faial
1384:(in Portuguese), L344/46, CEE: 46–55
1214:
628:Área protegida de gestão de recursos
94:Protected Landscape of Monte da Guia
1375:
1366:
1362:(in Portuguese), L31/39, CEE: 39–48
1353:
1314:
1196:
1162:
478:
131:National Network of Protected Areas
13:
1472:
425:Sites of communitarian importance;
329:
140:Consequently, the creation of the
14:
1537:
881:to the list of protected spaces.
843:Sites of Communitarian Importance
472:Important Local Protection Areas.
127:Rede Nacional de Áreas Protegidas
26:Rede Regional de Áreas Protegidas
1382:Jornal Oficial da União Europeia
1360:Jornal Oficial da União Europeia
589:Category 3 - Natural Monuments (
98:Reserva Natural da Lagoa do Fogo
1442:
1415:
1388:
1347:
1333:
1308:
1281:
1243:
1128:
863:Zona de Protecção Especial, ZPE
828:Lista Nacional de Sítios/Açores
102:Nature Reserve of Lagoa do Fogo
1344:, instituted under Article 20.
1291:Decree 7/2006 (9 January 2006)
1101:
1074:
1047:
1020:
993:
966:
938:
911:
902:
808:
578:Category 1 - Nature Reserves (
548:Reservas Florestais de Recreio
428:Special zones of conversation;
1:
1376:CEE, ed. (23 December 2009),
896:
765:Parque Natural de Santa Maria
469:Recreational Forest Reserves;
455:OSPAR Marine Protection Areas
78:National Park of Peneda-Gêres
18:Protected Areas of the Azores
1354:CEE, ed. (5 February 2008),
1230:, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN,
1197:CEE, ed. (26 January 2010),
925:(format: PDF, in Portuguese)
749:Parque Natural de São Miguel
552:Recreational Forest Reserves
114:reservas florestais naturais
7:
1521:Protected areas of Portugal
891:Protected areas of Portugal
884:
733:Parque Natural de São Jorge
532:of the Azores/Portugal; and
10:
1542:
821:, that included important
813:The implementation of the
781:Parque Natural de Terceira
756:Nature Park of Santa Maria
701:Parque Natural da Graciosa
617:Área de paisagem protegida
514:Marine Parks of the Azores
380:Nature Park of Santa Maria
156:
86:political autonomy statute
43:
1516:Environment of the Azores
1163:CEE, ed. (22 July 1992),
740:Nature Park of São Miguel
685:Parque Natural das Flores
522:Parque Marinho dos Açores
431:Special protection zones;
396:Nature Park of São Miguel
1315:CEE, ed. (6 July 1985),
855:Special Protection Zones
724:Nature Park of São Jorge
388:Nature Park of São Jorge
74:Reserve of Lagoa do Fogo
70:Reserva da Lagoa do Fogo
772:Nature Park of Terceira
692:Nature Park of Graciosa
669:Parque Natural do Faial
653:Parque Natural do Corvo
530:Economic Exclusion Zone
422:network, that include:
405:Nature Park of Terceira
364:Nature Park of Graciosa
167:Nature Park of Terceira
118:natural forest reserves
34:Exclusive Economic Zone
1221:Dudley, Nigel (2008),
862:
801:
780:
764:
748:
732:
717:Parque Natural do Pico
716:
700:
684:
668:
652:
627:
616:
605:
594:
583:
571:
543:
521:
504:Parque natural de ilha
503:
407:
397:
389:
381:
373:
365:
357:
349:
339:
199:
188:
180:, on the outskirts of
169:
137:in intervening years.
25:
676:Nature Park of Flores
536:Local protected areas
463:Important Bird Areas;
403:
395:
387:
379:
371:
363:
356:Nature Park of Flores
355:
345:
337:
294:marine protected area
229:Loggerhead sea turtle
194:
175:
164:
787:In addition to the,
660:Nature Park of Faial
644:Nature Park of Corvo
347:Nature Park of Faial
338:Nature Park of Corvo
1494:on 26 November 2013
708:Nature Park of Pico
636:Island Nature Parks
496:Island Nature Parks
372:Nature Park of Pico
122:Island Nature Parks
879:hydrothermal vents
408:
398:
390:
382:
374:
366:
358:
350:
340:
200:
189:
186:Santa Maria Island
170:
1237:978-2-8317-1086-0
595:Monumento natural
438:Ramsar Convention
1533:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1493:
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962:
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942:
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479:Management units
450:OSPAR Convention
440:, specifically:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1506:
1505:
1497:
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1475:
1473:Further reading
1470:
1461:
1459:
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1447:
1443:
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1432:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1407:
1405:
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1389:
1374:
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1342:Comité Habitats
1338:
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1323:
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943:
939:
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928:
924:
916:
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899:
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811:
584:Reserva natural
481:
332:
330:Protected areas
234:Caretta caretta
159:
46:
12:
11:
5:
1539:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1504:
1503:
1474:
1471:
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1387:
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1189:
1179:on 22 May 2011
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965:
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819:CORINE Project
810:
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784:
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752:
736:
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688:
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632:
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331:
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278:European Union
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45:
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9:
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4:
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850:definitions.
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569:
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541:
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531:
527:
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512:
509:
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501:
497:
494:
493:
492:
490:
486:
471:
468:
465:
462:
461:
459:
454:
453:
451:
447:
443:Ramsar sites;
442:
441:
439:
435:
430:
427:
424:
423:
421:
417:
416:
415:
412:
406:
402:
394:
386:
378:
370:
362:
354:
348:
344:
336:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
311:
310:
304:
301:
298:
295:
291:
290:
289:
287:
283:
279:
274:
271:
266:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
238:
236:
235:
230:
226:
222:
221:abyssal plain
218:
214:
210:
204:
198:
193:
187:
183:
182:Vila do Porto
179:
174:
168:
163:
154:
150:
146:
143:
138:
136:
132:
128:
123:
119:
115:
110:
105:
103:
99:
95:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
41:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
1496:, retrieved
1489:the original
1480:
1460:, retrieved
1451:
1444:
1433:, retrieved
1424:
1417:
1406:, retrieved
1397:
1390:
1381:
1359:
1349:
1341:
1335:
1324:, retrieved
1317:
1310:
1299:, retrieved
1290:
1283:
1258:, retrieved
1252:
1245:
1223:
1216:
1205:, retrieved
1199:
1192:
1181:, retrieved
1174:the original
1165:
1158:
1147:, retrieved
1137:
1130:
1119:, retrieved
1110:
1103:
1092:, retrieved
1083:
1076:
1065:, retrieved
1056:
1049:
1038:, retrieved
1029:
1022:
1011:, retrieved
1002:
995:
984:, retrieved
975:
968:
957:, retrieved
947:
940:
929:, retrieved
920:
913:
904:
875:
871:
867:
854:
852:
842:
838:
836:
831:
827:
812:
791:
786:
770:
754:
738:
722:
706:
690:
674:
658:
642:
635:
633:
560:
557:
551:
547:
535:
525:
513:
507:
495:
488:
484:
482:
413:
409:
308:
275:
267:
239:
232:
205:
201:
151:
147:
139:
134:
130:
126:
117:
113:
106:
101:
97:
93:
90:
73:
69:
61:
57:
53:
49:
47:
17:
15:
1526:Lava fields
1462:30 November
1435:30 November
1408:30 November
1326:30 November
1301:30 November
1207:30 November
1183:30 November
1149:30 November
1121:30 November
1094:30 November
1067:30 November
1040:30 November
1013:30 November
986:30 November
959:30 November
931:30 November
847:Macaronesia
815:Natura 2000
809:Natura 2000
420:Natura 2000
270:Natura 2000
262:Natura 2000
242:lava fields
142:Natura 2000
82:Estado Novo
1510:Categories
1498:10 October
1260:18 October
897:References
859:Portuguese
798:Portuguese
777:Portuguese
761:Portuguese
745:Portuguese
729:Portuguese
713:Portuguese
697:Portuguese
681:Portuguese
665:Portuguese
649:Portuguese
624:Portuguese
613:Portuguese
602:Portuguese
591:Portuguese
580:Portuguese
568:Portuguese
540:Portuguese
518:Portuguese
500:Portuguese
217:Laurasilva
209:bryophytes
66:São Miguel
22:Portuguese
1319:Community
254:fumaroles
250:pit caves
213:arachnids
1269:citation
949:reservas
885:See also
823:biotopes
258:biotopes
225:families
524:), the
506:), the
157:Context
44:History
1234:
286:Ramsar
284:, the
280:, the
135:ad hoc
109:ad hoc
30:Azores
1492:(PDF)
1485:(PDF)
1456:(PDF)
1429:(PDF)
1402:(PDF)
1295:(PDF)
1228:(PDF)
1177:(PDF)
1170:(PDF)
1143:(PDF)
1115:(PDF)
1088:(PDF)
1061:(PDF)
1034:(PDF)
1007:(PDF)
980:(PDF)
953:(PDF)
282:OSPAR
246:caves
197:Faial
184:, on
1500:2012
1464:2012
1437:2012
1410:2012
1328:2012
1303:2012
1275:link
1262:2012
1232:ISBN
1209:2012
1185:2012
1151:2012
1123:2012
1096:2012
1069:2012
1042:2012
1015:2012
988:2012
961:2012
933:2012
634:The
176:The
68:the
16:The
526:PMA
508:PNI
1512::
1380:,
1368:^
1358:,
1271:}}
1267:{{
861::
834:.
800::
779::
763::
747::
731::
715::
699::
683::
667::
651::
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615::
604::
593::
582::
570::
554:);
542::
520::
502::
252:,
248:,
244:,
24::
1277:)
857:(
841:(
830:(
804:)
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566:(
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231:(
129:(
116:(
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72:(
60:(
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