1975:
1963:
1951:
2975:
2191:
2167:
4060:
2336:
2422:
4822:
1293:
5500:
4411:
4562:
3879:
2029:
1528:
2349:
5118:
2254:
1357:
5617:
2721:
5522:
2395:
1320:
1219:
5475:
5604:
1409:
5347:
2070:
4077:
2080:
4806:
2436:
4043:
2143:
2110:
2155:
5451:
3941:
3622:
3072:
1585:
4768:
3855:
2607:
1488:
4994:
4496:
3967:
2852:
1160:
4002:
2449:
5591:
1447:
5312:
2574:
2240:
2749:
1338:
2007:
1515:
3954:
2228:
2132:
4981:
2092:
2734:
1624:
1611:
1598:
3989:
4885:
3109:
4955:
5533:
5027:
4968:
4780:
3001:
2988:
3791:
3137:
2962:
2871:
1855:
1729:
2298:
5360:
5044:
4859:
4457:
2278:
2216:
2121:
1867:
1384:
2940:
2813:
2762:
4294:
5415:
5096:
4872:
4846:
4793:
4756:
4351:
4222:
2800:
1173:
5286:
1705:
1186:
1304:
4026:
2909:
5584:
3836:
2324:
2203:
2043:
1286:
5299:
4100:
4642:
5427:
5070:
3150:
2408:
1717:
1397:
5334:
2463:
4616:
4603:
4668:
1903:
1502:
3924:
1639:
4590:
4942:
3163:
2890:
3018:
1798:
5463:
4323:
4310:
4254:
4238:
4274:
3569:
1134:
5138:
1262:
1423:
823:
2056:
2476:
5183:
4655:
2654:
4526:
3031:
1879:
5151:
1199:
5083:
3556:
2842:
1546:
5196:
1104:, historical, or ethnocultural ties). Also, the protector's interest is in countering a rival or enemy powerβsuch as preventing the rival from obtaining or maintaining control of areas of strategic importance. This may involve a very weak protectorate surrendering control of its external relations but may not constitute any real sacrifice, as the protectorate may not have been able to have a similar use of them without the protector's strength.
5630:
4424:
2626:
2531:
4688:
4178:
5007:
4509:
5164:
3059:
4898:
4444:
4134:
2826:
2640:
2503:
1827:
1654:
2593:
2560:
2517:
1559:
2374:
1839:
1572:
1370:
1147:
5439:
4579:
4339:
4113:
1693:
4145:
3907:
4485:
4377:
4364:
2547:
2488:
2361:
2312:
2179:
1987:
1939:
1927:
1915:
1891:
1774:
1762:
1670:
1468:
1122:. According to the definition proposed by Dumienski (2014): "microstates are modern protected states, i.e. sovereign states that have been able to unilaterally depute certain attributes of sovereignty to larger powers in exchange for benign protection of their political and economic viability against their geographic or demographic constraints".
6195:, p. 16: "First, protected states are entities which still have substantial authority in their internal affairs, retain some control over their foreign policy, and establish their relation to the protecting state on a treaty or another legal instrument. Protected states still have qualifications of statehood."
1060:
In fact, protectorates were often declared despite no agreement being duly entered into by the state supposedly being protected, or only agreed to by a party of dubious authority in those states. Colonial protectors frequently decided to reshuffle several protectorates into a new, artificial unit
1011:
For political and pragmatic reasons, the protection relationship is not usually advertised, but described with euphemisms such as "an independent state with special treaty relations" with the protecting state. A protected state appears on world maps just as any other independent state.
6473:
But the
British Government, established at Delhi since 1803, intervened with an offer of protection to all the CIS-SUTLEJ STATES; and Dhanna Singh gladly availed himself of the promised aid, being one of the first chieftains to accept British protection and
968:
only with the protector state, and transfers the management of all its more important international affairs to the latter. Similarly, the protectorate rarely takes military action on its own but relies on the protector for its defence. This is distinct from
5200:
1099:
by
Britainβthe terms are often very favourable for the protectorate. The political interest of the protector is frequently moral (a matter of accepted moral obligation, prestige, ideology, internal popularity, or
988:. A protectorate formally enters into the protection through a bilateral agreement with the protector, while international mandates are stewarded by the world community-representing body, with or without a
7366:
10852:
5778:
5264:(which gave the U.S. the right to intervene in Haiti for a period of ten years, which was later expanded to twenty years through an additional agreement in 1917) on September 16, 1915.
1031:, and similarβwere subjects of colonial protection. Conditions of protection are generally much less generous for areas of colonial protection. The protectorate was often reduced to a
1008:
A protected state has a form of protection where it continues to retain an "international personality" and enjoys an agreed amount of independence in conducting its foreign policy.
1015:
International administration of a state can also be regarded as an internationalized form of protection, where the protector is an international organisation rather than a state.
888:
without being a possession. In exchange, the protectorate usually accepts specified obligations depending on the terms of their arrangement. Usually protectorates are established
3604:
gradually replaced protectorate agreements. Formal ruling structures, or fictive recreations of them, were largely retainedβas with the low-level authority figures in the French
919:
by the suzerain state. A state that is under the protection of another state while retaining its "international personality" is called a "protected state", not a protectorate.
2207:
10845:
10819:
6860:
Jean Suret-Canale. Afrique Noire: l'Ere
Coloniale (Editions Sociales, Paris, 1971); Eng. translation, French Colonialism in Tropical Africa, 1900 1945. (New York, 1971).
9043:
7090:
5232:, including that the U.S. had the right to intervene in Cuba to preserve its independence, among other reasons (the Platt Amendment had also been integrated into the
1057:
state in its
European home state (but geographically overseas), allowed to be an independent country with its own foreign policy and generally its own armed forces.
6935:
Law as a Tool of
Oppression and Liberation: Institutional Histories and Perspectives on Political Independence in HawaiΚ»i, Tahiti Nui/French Polynesia and Rapa Nui
5142:
1069:(the last region to be divided among them) by diplomatic notification, even without actual possession on the ground. This aspect of history is referred to as the
5657:
5168:
10838:
10799:
6684:(1), note 93, p. 135: "This relationship reemerged during China's prolonged domination by the Manchu Ch'ing dynasty (1611β1911)." – via Hein Online
4545:
version merely stated that the
Emperor could, if he so chose, go through Italy to conduct foreign affairs. When the differences in the versions came to light,
1061:
without consulting the protectorates, without being mindful of the theoretical duty of a protector to help maintain a protectorate's status and integrity. The
2881:
6512:
7446:
7215:
6407:
851:
6840:
Alice L. Conklin. A Mission to
Civilize: The Republican Idea of Empire in France and West Africa 1895β1930. Stanford: Stanford University Press (1998),
3748:(Territoires Français d'Obock, Tadjoura, Dankils et Somalis), a French protectorate recognized by Britain on 9 February 1888, renamed on 20 May 1896 as
2282:
897:
5155:
5061:
9407:
4500:
9036:
5667:
7900:
9457:
5381:
5225:
4051:
4623:
since
December 1888 under Italian protectorate (renewed 11 April 1895), then in October 1925 incorporated into the Italian colony (known as
5187:
5256:, in Article 136, also gave the U.S. the right to intervene in any part of Panama "to reestablish public peace and constitutional order."
4009:(1946β1956), not colonial or amical, but a former part of Germany that would by referendum return to it, in fact a re-edition of a former
1111:
to other
Christian (generally European) states, and to states of no significant importance. After 1815, non-Christian states (such as the
10814:
7478:
Reisman, W. (1989), "Reflections on state responsibility for violations of explicit protectorate, mandate, and trusteeship obligations",
7066:
4089:
6923:
C. W. Newbury. Aspects of French Policy in the
Pacific, 1853β1906. The Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 27, No. 1 (Feb., 1958), pp. 45β56
9066:
7162:
4586:
in Somalia: 3 August 1889 Italian protectorate (in the northeast; unoccupied until May 1893), until 16 March 1905 when it changed to
11113:
10188:
9029:
68:
6673:
3714:
2706:
282:
11237:
7240:
2711:
2701:
844:
10094:
5727:
in this technical sense is distinguished from the informal usage of "protected state" to refer to a state receiving protection.
1003:
8853:
8235:
7502:
7436:
6970:
6845:
6712:
6656:
6630:
6497:
6363:
6050:
6464:
10308:
9346:
7189:
5405:
3891:
10037:
8759:
11268:
10313:
9741:
9245:
5526:
4415:
4410:
4192:
2688:
2083:
1323:
1235:
1096:
4610:
since 7 April 1889 under Italian protectorate (renewed 7 April 1895), then in 1927 incorporated into the Italian colony.
11200:
10240:
8905:
7905:
5925:""Lord Cromer's Shadow": Political Anglo-Saxonism and the Egyptian Protectorate as a Model in the American Philippines"
4465:
837:
10126:
10074:
9983:
7549:
7408:
6855:
6835:
6141:"Establishing expansion as a legal right: an analysis of French colonial discourse surrounding protectorate treaties"
5697:
5316:
5253:
4489:
10263:
10203:
10163:
10069:
10047:
9831:
9486:
9481:
9152:
5822:"Reflections on State Responsibility for Violations of Explicit Protectorate, Mandate, and Trusteeship Obligations"
5290:
981:
6728:
10328:
10089:
9253:
8531:
6516:
5491:
5261:
5031:
3945:
3818:
2856:
722:
17:
7693:
7461:
7367:"Notice of Finding of Failure To Submit State Plans for the Municipal Solid Waste Landfills Emission Guidelines"
2190:
2166:
1081:
for an amalgamationβconvenient only for the colonizer or protectorβof adjacent territories, over which it held (
10770:
10323:
9572:
9503:
6908:
6881:
6600:
6446:
4902:
4646:
4172:
3863:
3854:
3807:
3799:
3795:
2113:
529:
484:
6414:
872:
that is under protection by another state for defence against aggression and other violations of law. It is a
10622:
9697:
8969:
5692:
2194:
2170:
355:
10830:
10440:
10247:
10059:
9597:
9474:
9313:
8964:
8848:
5677:
5608:
5603:
5474:
5237:
4998:
4985:
4924:
4185:
3932:
2183:
1684:
11093:
10183:
9928:
8974:
8011:
7428:
Towards International Personality: The Position of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples in International Law
7388:
6223:
3958:
3928:
1292:
549:
64:
6828:. London: Oxford University Press, (1950). The more recent standard studies on French expansion include:
5034:
protectorate from 27 November 1912 until 2 April 1958 (Northern zone until 7 April 1956, Southern zone (
4552:
abrogated first the article in question (XVII), and later the whole treaty. The event culminated in the
4128:
and Captain Mallet, 4 November 1842. Officially in a treaty becomes a French protectorate, 5 April 1887.
3771:
The Taganit confederation's emirate (founded by Idaw `Ish dynasty), from 1905 under French protectorate.
10298:
9809:
9397:
4153:
2341:
1786:
370:
6120:
3596:
expanded in Africa between the 1830s and 1900. Almost every pre-existing state that was later part of
1344:(1878β1914) (put under British military administration 1914β22 then proclaimed a Crown Colony 1922β60)
10944:
10498:
10470:
10288:
10052:
9804:
9417:
8932:
8080:
7644:
6384:
5672:
5401:
5276:
5233:
4771:
4553:
3382:
3324:
2146:
2047:
2011:
1643:
1602:
977:
9021:
7116:
6140:
3906:
10503:
10268:
9609:
9286:
8890:
8865:
8715:
8374:
8369:
7447:"The Raj Reconsidered: British India's Informal Empire and Spheres of Influence in Asia and Africa"
5647:
5455:
5450:
5377:
4242:
4125:
4010:
3648:
3605:
2551:
2135:
1062:
120:
6830:
Robert Aldrich. Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion. Palgrave MacMillan (1996)
2348:
1319:
10862:
10111:
9971:
9949:
9714:
9306:
9053:
8957:
8838:
8379:
8332:
8275:
7974:
7918:
7666:
6801:
6777:
6460:
5886:
5634:
5621:
4428:
4149:
3348:
2352:
985:
973:, in that the protector has no formal power to control the internal affairs of the protectorate.
778:
345:
10550:
7216:"Russia's 'Peacekeeping' Operation in Karabakh: Foundation of a Russian Protectorate (Part Two)"
7061:
4215:, regardless of the actual level of government control. Cases involving indirect rule included:
1118:
In modern times, a form of amical protection can be seen as an important or defining feature of
11149:
10894:
10889:
10627:
10463:
10458:
9988:
9826:
9726:
9462:
9382:
8979:
8880:
8875:
8563:
8511:
8431:
8364:
8268:
8253:
8146:
7913:
7867:
7708:
7595:
7294:
4810:
4805:
4607:
4549:
3988:
3895:
3706:
3593:
3560:
2676:
2454:
2074:
1943:
1931:
1919:
1778:
1472:
1414:
793:
360:
7494:
Peacebuilding and International Administration: The Cases of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo
7313:
6898:
6850:
Patrick Manning. Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa, 1880β1995. Cambridge University Press (1998)
6487:
6380:"Use of GIS in analyzing archaeological sites: the case study of Mycenaean Cephalonia, Greece"
6353:
6243:
6110:
6108:
5864:
5400:βas protectorates. However, the agency responsible for the administration of those areas, the
2079:
1164:
11258:
10879:
10723:
9959:
9643:
9627:
9587:
9577:
9412:
9276:
9258:
9104:
8910:
8870:
8683:
8558:
7622:
7612:
7571:
7542:
7492:
7426:
6871:
6620:
5351:
4709:
4278:
4121:
3883:
3878:
3288:
2944:
2766:
2097:
1766:
1308:
788:
651:
248:
8798:
6646:
6379:
5201:
United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium
4767:
3802:(30 March 1912 β 7 April 1956) although, in theory, it remained a sovereign state under the
927:
Protectorates are one of the oldest features of international relations, dating back to the
11263:
11164:
10939:
10690:
9582:
9142:
9003:
8833:
8803:
8678:
8609:
8580:
8499:
7833:
7671:
7661:
6105:
5595:
5537:
5419:
5385:
4797:
4740:
3483:
3189:
2992:
2875:
2804:
2440:
2435:
2399:
2327:
2142:
1550:
1537:
1248:
1190:
1177:
8783:
7276:
4692:
4211:, literally protectorate, for all of its colonial possessions until they were lost during
2006:
8:
11179:
11159:
11073:
11035:
11010:
10698:
10535:
10193:
10121:
9816:
9774:
9662:
9592:
9567:
9354:
9301:
9114:
9109:
8695:
8575:
8541:
8443:
8263:
8258:
8070:
7789:
7725:
7600:
7585:
7003:"Russian patronage over Abkhazia and South Ossetia: implications for conflict resolution"
5479:
5397:
5011:
4546:
4541:
version, stated that Ethiopia was to become an Italian protectorate, while the Ethiopian
4517:
3759:
3495:
3228:
3222:
2124:
2109:
1589:
1506:
1070:
873:
712:
621:
578:
365:
130:
8411:
8401:
7490:
7091:"Putin's 'Passportization' Move Aimed At Keeping the Donbass Conflict on Moscow's Terms"
6229:
6192:
6126:
3690:
10983:
10809:
10530:
10518:
10453:
10448:
10168:
9954:
9838:
9721:
9604:
9537:
9429:
9387:
9227:
8808:
8788:
8771:
8722:
8587:
8396:
8347:
8280:
8198:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8085:
8055:
7947:
7845:
7713:
7688:
7400:
7348:
7144:
7042:
6695:
Karan, P. P. (2015), "Suppression of Tibetan Religious Heritage", in S.D. Brunn (ed.),
6327:
6273:
6168:
6087:
6014:
6006:
5952:
5821:
5779:"Was Cyprus a Mamluk protectorate? Mamluk policies toward Cyprus between 1426 and 1517"
5504:
5499:
5338:
5268:
5055:
4863:
4784:
4705:
4620:
4594:
3840:
3674:
3597:
3573:
3489:
3113:
3009:
2303:
2220:
2034:
1871:
1615:
1297:
1066:
350:
135:
110:
11040:
10934:
10904:
10572:
10560:
10208:
10198:
9821:
9799:
9704:
9668:
9562:
9449:
9439:
9424:
9281:
9214:
8917:
8813:
8749:
8744:
8673:
8570:
8285:
8213:
8208:
8050:
7979:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7752:
7703:
7498:
7432:
7404:
7340:
7148:
7136:
7046:
7034:
6966:
6904:
6877:
6851:
6841:
6831:
6708:
6652:
6626:
6493:
6440:
6359:
6319:
6277:
6265:
6172:
6160:
6079:
6046:
6018:
5998:
5956:
5944:
5898:
5865:"Democracy in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Post-1995 political system and its functioning"
5833:
5790:
5682:
5508:
5364:
5241:
5100:
5048:
4760:
4747:
4734:
4534:
4461:
4448:
4350:
4226:
4221:
4104:
4006:
4001:
3844:
3780:
3749:
3312:
3063:
3005:
2913:
2817:
2780:
2259:
1955:
1831:
1745:
1674:
1389:
1361:
1337:
1312:
1065:
of February 26, 1885, allowed European colonial powers to establish protectorates in
1048:
783:
504:
335:
287:
115:
48:
7258:
5252:(and the adjacent territories and harbors) for the maintenance of public order. The
4418:(1939β1945), however it was also considered a partially annexed territory of Germany
2227:
2131:
11222:
11207:
11058:
10919:
10914:
10617:
10415:
9978:
9884:
9637:
9521:
9392:
9372:
9336:
9209:
9180:
9119:
8766:
8553:
8548:
8504:
8491:
8421:
8389:
8384:
8248:
8243:
8225:
8186:
8119:
8102:
8043:
8033:
8028:
7969:
7925:
7895:
7855:
7838:
7821:
7784:
7535:
7396:
7128:
7024:
7014:
6938:
6700:
6408:
Microstates as Modern Protected States: Towards a New Definition of Micro-Statehood
6311:
6255:
6152:
5990:
5936:
5414:
4876:
4719:
4713:
4542:
4538:
4343:
4282:
4230:
4071:(after temporary annexation by Otaheiti; (title Ari`i) a French protectorate, 1880)
4030:
4025:
3993:
3915:
3466:
3458:
3243:
3100:
3088:
2966:
2930:
2830:
2245:
2159:
1859:
1843:
1576:
1563:
1375:
1223:
1218:
1047:. Occasionally, a protectorate was established by another form of indirect rule: a
1028:
1024:
616:
539:
509:
383:
125:
105:
38:
31:
7132:
7019:
7002:
6489:
Opening the Hidden Land: State Formation and the Construction of Sikkimese History
6442:
A History of the Sikhs: From the Origin of the Nation to the Battles of the Sutlej
6156:
5249:
4708:(1885β1974), Portugal first claimed sovereignty over Cabinda in the February 1885
2120:
11195:
11118:
11108:
11020:
11003:
10924:
10899:
10804:
10789:
Used by ten or more countries or having derived terms. Historical derivations in
10665:
10293:
9996:
9899:
9843:
9780:
9751:
9736:
9516:
9511:
9469:
9434:
9234:
9199:
9174:
8984:
8952:
8825:
8793:
8776:
8732:
8727:
8705:
8700:
8658:
8651:
8626:
8486:
8481:
8322:
8203:
8097:
8092:
8060:
7885:
7875:
7769:
7762:
7757:
7742:
7698:
7580:
7566:
6960:
6704:
6040:
5561:
5229:
5122:
5117:
4381:
4286:
4117:
4085:
4034:
3723:: 4 February 1850 First of several French protectorate treaties with local rulers
3264:
3255:
3249:
3119:
3094:
2894:
2468:
1709:
1659:
1400:
885:
827:
800:
656:
646:
443:
340:
8406:
4037:(several others were immediately annexed). All eventually were annexed by 1889.
11015:
10993:
10967:
10136:
10104:
9966:
9904:
9894:
9889:
9709:
9675:
9543:
9493:
9444:
9137:
8927:
8922:
8885:
8860:
8843:
8754:
8739:
8710:
8668:
8516:
8476:
8471:
8426:
8352:
8312:
8302:
8292:
8107:
7986:
7880:
7747:
7629:
5583:
5569:
5512:
5431:
5426:
5393:
5074:
5069:
4889:
4397:
3765:
3476:
3431:
3426:
3237:
3154:
3082:
3076:
2427:
2202:
2042:
2015:
1814:
1790:
1533:
1438:
1341:
1330:
1285:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1229:
1040:
869:
805:
736:
641:
474:
388:
10597:
7516:
6674:"The Changing Face of Recognition in International Law: A Case Study of Tibet"
6538:
6260:
5994:
5924:
2323:
935:
were cities that were subordinate to Rome for their foreign relations. In the
11252:
11088:
10988:
10954:
10884:
10860:
10318:
10158:
9920:
9769:
9632:
9402:
9377:
9220:
9008:
8895:
8690:
8663:
8636:
8614:
8592:
8359:
8342:
8327:
8171:
8124:
8112:
8038:
7930:
7804:
7799:
7774:
7656:
7424:
7344:
7140:
7038:
6608:, The Atlantic Council, p. 3 – via Case Western Reserve University
6589:"A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present, by Michael J. Seth", p112
6323:
6304:
Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography
6269:
6164:
6114:
6083:
6002:
5948:
5902:
5837:
5794:
5737:
5686:
5221:
4946:
4566:
4314:
4200:
3803:
3201:
3022:
2582:
1806:
1802:
1044:
692:
587:
489:
479:
320:
8436:
8416:
6648:
Tibet and Nationalist China's Frontier: Intrigues and Ethnopolitics, 1928β49
6573:
6571:
6556:
6213:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6205:
6203:
6201:
1396:
11227:
11123:
11103:
11063:
10718:
10710:
10705:
10670:
10173:
10084:
9554:
9204:
9166:
9099:
8900:
8641:
8631:
8597:
8526:
8521:
8448:
8238:
8220:
8181:
8176:
8156:
8151:
8023:
8016:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7890:
7828:
7809:
7794:
7730:
7477:
5662:
5652:
5541:
5389:
4959:
4393:
4389:
4327:
4157:
4092:) a French protectorate, 16 February 1844 (unratified) and 30 November 1871
3887:
3699:: 5 August 1849 French protectorate over coastal region; (RiviΓ©res du Sud).
3670:
3365:
2753:
2725:
2695:
2479:
2394:
2231:
2019:
1818:
1810:
1138:
1108:
928:
916:
741:
668:
662:
636:
607:
597:
534:
423:
243:
167:
10612:
7512:
7117:"Russia's role in the war in Donbass, and the threat to European security"
6979:
6413:(Report). Occasional Paper. Centre for Small State Studies. Archived from
5940:
915:
as it has local rulers, is not directly possessed, and rarely experiences
11154:
11078:
10338:
10283:
10146:
10141:
10131:
9866:
9861:
9759:
9731:
9296:
9291:
9158:
8619:
8604:
8453:
8166:
8075:
8065:
7991:
7639:
7634:
6568:
6198:
5557:
5467:
5462:
5245:
4725:
4212:
3713:), 30 July 1899 under French protectorate over the native rulers, titled
3655:
3601:
3216:
2682:
2061:
1678:
1435:
1428:
1119:
936:
746:
731:
673:
544:
408:
207:
202:
182:
172:
162:
10525:
7352:
7328:
6900:
Repertory of Decisions of the International Court of Justice (1947β1992)
4556:, in which Ethiopia was victorious and defended her sovereignty in 1896.
822:
11232:
11174:
11139:
11030:
11025:
10962:
10929:
10871:
10225:
9764:
9619:
9318:
8646:
8463:
8337:
8297:
8230:
6942:
6331:
6300:"Notes on Yoruba and the Colony and Protectorate of Lagos, West Africa"
6299:
5979:"Professor Giglio, Antonelli and Article XVII of the Treaty of Wichale"
5572:), officially under joint protectorate of the allied Christian powers,
5549:
5137:
4729:
4160:
signed a treaty establishing a French protectorate on 16 February 1888.
3827:
3755:
3640:
3632:
3546:
3503:
3318:
3209:
3035:
2659:
2475:
1883:
1733:
1721:
970:
951:. Modern protectorate concepts were devised in the nineteenth century.
881:
751:
707:
702:
697:
683:
524:
315:
197:
192:
56:
7029:
6091:
6067:
6010:
5978:
1242:
11217:
11169:
10644:
10602:
10577:
10435:
10390:
10278:
10220:
10042:
9791:
9051:
8536:
8307:
8191:
8161:
7942:
7816:
7607:
5753:
5272:
5267:
The United States also attempted to establish protectorates over the
5182:
5035:
4850:
4672:
4667:
4659:
4654:
4570:
4177:
4081:
3662:
2069:
965:
554:
448:
438:
433:
418:
413:
403:
277:
238:
227:
222:
212:
177:
145:
89:
84:
10680:
10675:
6315:
5207:
5056:
Turkey's and the Ottoman Empire's protectorates and protected states
11212:
11083:
10909:
10430:
10400:
10230:
10153:
10064:
9876:
9654:
9364:
7937:
7720:
7678:
7617:
6937:(Thesis). Honolulu: University of Hawaii at Manoa. pp. 56β59.
6753:
5150:
5087:
5082:
4972:
4931:
4906:
4826:
4583:
4530:
4298:
4258:
4047:
3745:
3737:
3684:
3305:
3270:
3041:
2631:
2536:
2103:
1907:
1741:
1203:
1198:
1034:
877:
626:
187:
157:
100:
10740:
10634:
10485:
5212:
After becoming independent nations in 1902 and 1903 respectively,
4748:
Russia's and the Soviet Union's protectorates and protected states
11144:
10735:
10660:
10490:
10480:
10420:
10333:
10303:
10235:
10116:
9328:
9129:
7850:
7779:
7735:
7590:
5702:
5629:
5195:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4423:
4401:
4246:
4064:
3971:
3859:
3814:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3636:
3626:
3405:
2979:
2919:
2787:
2316:
2266:*protectorates which existed alongside a colony of the same name
2154:
1979:
1895:
1847:
1753:
1749:
1737:
1697:
1493:
1476:
1101:
984:, whose administration is supervised, in varying degrees, by the
940:
889:
428:
265:
255:
7651:
7062:"Renewal of Negotiations on Resolving the Transnistria Conflict"
3768:
emirate from 9 January 1909 French protectorate (before Spanish)
1115:) also provided amical protection of other, much weaker states.
11068:
10998:
10765:
10755:
10750:
10685:
10639:
10555:
10425:
10410:
10405:
10395:
10079:
9686:
9268:
7683:
7558:
6230:
Willigen, Peacebuilding and International Administration (2013)
6193:
Willigen, Peacebuilding and International Administration (2013)
6127:
Willigen, Peacebuilding and International Administration (2013)
5565:
5303:
5260:
later also became a protectorate after the ratification of the
5217:
5163:
4814:
4513:
4508:
4469:
4368:
4166:
4138:
3774:
3710:
3696:
3181:
3141:
3127:
2738:
2645:
2508:
2492:
2413:
1967:
1452:
1333:
and amical protectorate of Great Britain between 1815 and 1864)
1327:
944:
912:
893:
880:
over most of its internal affairs, while still recognizing the
592:
10510:
5408:, uses only the term "insular area" rather than protectorate.
3582:
1683:
Eastern Protectorate States (mostly in Hadhramaut); later the
10760:
10745:
10730:
10607:
10592:
10582:
10567:
10545:
10540:
10475:
10273:
10215:
10099:
8317:
5590:
5553:
5545:
5257:
4910:
4641:
4476:
4355:
4331:
4302:
4262:
4068:
3741:
3702:
3612:
3600:
was placed under protectorate status at some point, although
3397:
3279:
3173:
2900:
2615:
2612:
2598:
2579:
2565:
2522:
2379:
2277:
2215:
2208:
Northern Territories of the Gold Coast (British protectorate)
1991:
1628:
1519:
1303:
1151:
948:
7521:
Nouveau Petit Larousse IllustrΓ©: Dictionnaire EncyclopΓ©dique
7510:
4716:
under the request of "the princes and governors of Cabinda".
3391:
10587:
9853:
9191:
7444:
6577:
6562:
6217:
5443:
5438:
5285:
5213:
4266:
3783:: 15 December 1902 placed under French protectorate status.
3680:
3658:(1912 Sultanate suppressed by the French), 12 December 1897
3443:
3364:
3333:
3167:
3049:
2952:
2365:
1480:
7527:
5371:
5244:
and gave the U.S. the right to intervene in the cities of
4054:) becomes a French protectorate known as Tahiti, 1842β1880
3635:
a French protectorate, 23 February 1863 β 2 January 1865.
10385:
4712:, which gave Cabinda the status of a protectorate of the
3608:βwith leaders appointed and removed by French officials.
1039:
condition similar to a colony, but with the pre-existing
6824:
See the classic account on this in Robert Delavignette.
6042:
The Gambia Colony and Protectorate: An Official Handbook
5143:
United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor
4569:: on 15 October 1912 Italian protectorate declared over
3592:"Protection" was the formal legal structure under which
3402:
Soppengriaja (union of Balusu, Kiru, & Kamiri, 1906)
7386:
6985:
6539:"Oman and the West: State Formation in Oman since 1920"
5759:
5658:
European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina
5540:
were federal republics of seven formerly Venetian (see
5169:
United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo
3894:
and ruled by the Austrian-born, French puppet monarch
3673:
was from 20 February 1895 a French protectorate named
7190:"Nagorno-Karabakh Now A Russian Protectorate β OpEd"
6536:
6115:
Meijknecht, Towards International Personality (2001)
3740:
was originally, from 24 June 1884, the Territory of
3693:: 10 January 1889 French protectorate of Ivory Coast
3411:
1073:. A similar case is the formal use of such terms as
5236:). Later that year, Panama and the U.S. signed the
1243:
British Empire's protectorates and protected states
10368:
7163:"Putin's Karabakh victory sparks alarm in Ukraine"
4929:Some sources mention the following territories as
868:, in the context of international relations, is a
5208:United States' protectorates and protected states
5156:United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia
5062:Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire
1107:Amical protection was frequently extended by the
11250:
7001:Gerrits, Andre W. M.; Bader, Max (2 July 2016).
5736:Some scholars regard the relationship as one of
5578:a British amical protectorate from 1815 to 1864.
5129:
3762:; within Mauritania several traditional states:
6954:
6952:
4358:, various officials posted with the Head Chiefs
2774:
30:For the 17th-century British protectorate, see
5668:High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
1087:) sway by protective or "raw" colonial power.
10846:
9037:
7543:
6897:Capaldo, Giuliana Ziccardi (1 January 1995).
6873:International Law: Achievements and Prospects
3687:state 20 September 1897 a French protectorate
964:In practice, a protectorate often has direct
845:
9000:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
7000:
6949:
5815:
5813:
5811:
5188:United Nations Temporary Executive Authority
4205:
4183:
4167:Germany's protectorates and protected states
1125:
10815:List of administrative divisions by country
7067:Central and Eastern European Online Library
6826:Freedom and Authority in French West Africa
6358:, Univ of California Press, pp. 133β,
5720:
5718:
5573:
4699:
3583:France's protectorates and protected states
3538:Roti (Korbafo before 1928) (c. 1750βc.1949)
1082:
1052:
1032:
989:
10853:
10839:
9044:
9030:
7550:
7536:
7287:
7241:"From the Archive 1999: Timor the defiant"
7059:
6438:
6377:
4477:Italy's protectorates and protected states
4013:. Most French protectorates were colonial.
3843:under French protectorate, 6 August 1896.
3661:French protectorate over the Sultanate of
3379:Swaito (union of Sawito & Alita, 1908)
2846:Tasik (Kota Pinang) (1865 β December 1945)
2386:
852:
838:
7028:
7018:
6598:
6405:
6259:
6068:"The Colonization of British East Africa"
5858:
5856:
5854:
5808:
4679:
3910:1 SapΓ¨que β Protectorate of Tonkin (1905)
3392:Mabbatupappeng Confederacy (1906βc. 1949)
1311:proclaimed in 1813) (de jure part of the
1210:
69:List of countries by system of government
9082:
7114:
6996:
6994:
6932:
6869:
6378:Ξλιβι΢άΟΞΏΟ
, ΞΞΉΞΊΞ±ΟΞ΅ΟΞ―Ξ½Ξ· (12 March 2019).
6345:
6242:Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (9 January 2020).
6065:
5976:
5922:
5772:
5770:
5768:
5715:
5224:. In 1903, Cuba and the U.S. signed the
5018:
4633:
4435:
4176:
4120:declared to be a French protectorate by
3905:
3862:(12 May 1881 β 20 March 1956): became a
3502:
3444:Massenrempulu Confederacy (1905βc. 1949)
2707:Protectorate General to Pacify the North
2670:
2005:
10020:
8824:
7393:Encyclopedia of Disputes Installment 10
7326:
6958:
6933:Gonschor, Lorenz Rudolf (August 2008).
6896:
6485:
6297:
5819:
5372:Contemporary usage by the United States
5228:, which affirmed the provisions of the
2862:Sungai Taras (Kampong Raja) (1864β1916)
2712:Protectorate General to Pacify the East
2702:Protectorate General to Pacify the West
1785:Western Protectorate States; later the
14:
11251:
7088:
6802:"Indonesian Traditional States Part 2"
6778:"Indonesian Traditional States part 1"
6671:
6038:
5851:
5485:
3629:, under French protectorate, from 1889
1662:(1892β1971; informal, protected state)
1018:
1004:List of countries without armed forces
10834:
10367:
10019:
9081:
9064:
9025:
7531:
7480:Michigan Journal of International Law
7311:
7187:
6991:
6870:Bedjaoui, Mohammed (1 January 1991).
6726:
6694:
6618:
6459:
5923:Kirkwood, Patrick M. (21 July 2016).
5826:Michigan Journal of International Law
5776:
5765:
3729:: 21 April 1886 French protectorate (
3180:
3012:) (26 February 1677 β 19 August 1945)
1473:British Residency of the Persian Gulf
1403:(1776β1965), (1965β1968), (1968β1990)
6355:The Red Sea: In Search of Lost Space
6351:
6241:
6138:
6072:Journal of the Royal African Society
5884:
5406:United States Department of Interior
3892:Second French intervention in Mexico
3886:(1863β1867), established by Emperor
3639:a French Protectorate, 19 May 1868.
1090:
959:
898:Egypt under British rule (1882β1914)
7314:"William McKinley: Foreign Affairs"
6644:
6599:Goldstein, Melvyn C. (April 1995),
5527:United States of the Ionian Islands
4416:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
4193:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
3643:French protectorate, 14 April 1882.
3276:Kota Waringin Sultanate (1824β1949)
2929:
2833:(27 September 1865 β December 1945)
2689:Protectorate of the Western Regions
2084:British Central Africa Protectorate
1475:(1822β1971); headquarters based in
1269:(1638β1860; over Central America's
1097:United States of the Ionian Islands
911:A protectorate is different from a
900:βa state can also be labelled as a
896:. Under certain conditionsβas with
24:
7401:10.1016/B978-0-444-86241-9.50085-3
7312:Gould, Lewis L. (4 October 2016).
6602:Tibet, China and the United States
6578:Onley, The Raj Reconsidered (2009)
6563:Onley, The Raj Reconsidered (2009)
6513:"Timeline β Story of Independence"
6505:
6218:Onley, The Raj Reconsidered (2009)
5862:
5777:Fuess, Albrecht (1 January 2005).
5226:CubanβAmerican Treaty of Relations
3798:β most of the sultanate was under
3733:) until 25 July 1912 when annexed.
1455:(1906β1947, 1948; protected state)
1025:Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
997:
27:Concept in international relations
25:
11280:
9065:
7213:
7115:Robinson, Paul (1 October 2016).
6962:Geschichte der deutschen Kolonien
6754:"Indonesian traditional polities"
6672:Sloane, Robert D. (Spring 2002),
6139:Yoon, Jong-pil (17 August 2020).
5698:Timeline of national independence
4516:under amical Protectorate of the
3806:; this fact was confirmed by the
3412:Mandar Confederacy (1906βc. 1949)
2807:(26 October 1869 β December 1945)
2104:Sultanate of Wituland (1890β1923)
9832:Organized incorporated territory
7281:U.S. Department of State Archive
7188:Goble, Paul (25 November 2020).
6699:, Spriger Science, p. 462,
6439:Cunningham, Joseph Davy (1849).
6248:Journal of International Studies
5628:
5615:
5602:
5589:
5582:
5531:
5520:
5498:
5473:
5461:
5449:
5437:
5425:
5413:
5358:
5345:
5332:
5310:
5297:
5284:
5194:
5181:
5162:
5149:
5136:
5116:
5094:
5081:
5068:
5042:
5025:
5005:
4992:
4979:
4966:
4953:
4940:
4896:
4883:
4870:
4857:
4844:
4820:
4804:
4791:
4778:
4766:
4754:
4686:
4666:
4653:
4640:
4614:
4601:
4588:
4577:
4560:
4524:
4507:
4494:
4483:
4455:
4442:
4422:
4409:
4396:designated the rump of occupied
4375:
4362:
4349:
4337:
4321:
4308:
4292:
4272:
4252:
4236:
4220:
4143:
4132:
4111:
4098:
4075:
4058:
4041:
4024:
4000:
3987:
3965:
3952:
3939:
3922:
3877:
3853:
3834:
3789:
3620:
3567:
3554:
3161:
3148:
3135:
3107:
3070:
3057:
3029:
3016:
2999:
2986:
2973:
2960:
2938:
2907:
2888:
2869:
2850:
2840:
2824:
2820:(22 August 1862 β December 1945)
2811:
2798:
2760:
2747:
2732:
2719:
2652:
2638:
2624:
2605:
2591:
2572:
2558:
2545:
2529:
2515:
2501:
2486:
2474:
2461:
2447:
2434:
2420:
2406:
2393:
2372:
2359:
2347:
2334:
2322:
2310:
2296:
2276:
2252:
2238:
2226:
2214:
2201:
2189:
2177:
2165:
2153:
2141:
2130:
2119:
2108:
2090:
2078:
2068:
2054:
2041:
2027:
1985:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1925:
1913:
1901:
1889:
1877:
1865:
1853:
1837:
1825:
1796:
1772:
1760:
1727:
1715:
1703:
1691:
1677:(1872β1963); precursor state of
1668:
1652:
1637:
1622:
1609:
1596:
1583:
1570:
1557:
1544:
1526:
1513:
1500:
1486:
1466:
1445:
1421:
1407:
1395:
1382:
1368:
1355:
1336:
1318:
1302:
1291:
1284:
1260:
1217:
1197:
1184:
1171:
1158:
1145:
1132:
1029:Colony and Protectorate of Lagos
982:United Nations Trust Territories
821:
10861:Autonomous types of first-tier
10820:Slavic administrative divisions
7380:
7371:Environmental Protection Agency
7359:
7320:
7305:
7277:"Dominican Republic, 1916-1924"
7269:
7251:
7233:
7207:
7181:
7155:
7108:
7082:
7053:
6926:
6917:
6903:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
6890:
6876:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
6863:
6818:
6794:
6770:
6746:
6720:
6697:The Changing World Religion Map
6688:
6665:
6638:
6612:
6592:
6583:
6530:
6479:
6469:The Imperial Gazetteer of India
6453:
6432:
6399:
6371:
6291:
6235:
6186:
6132:
6039:Archer, Francis Bisset (1967).
5872:Southeast European Politics 4.1
5730:
5492:Condominium (international law)
5382:Environmental Protection Agency
3475:
1736:(consisted of five Sheikhdoms:
1540:, protected states (1892β1971)
1459:
10369:Non-English terms or loanwords
9573:Direct-controlled municipality
6986:Hoffmann, Protectorates (1987)
6678:Emory International Law Review
6059:
6032:
5983:The Journal of African History
5970:
5916:
5878:
5820:Reisman, W. (1 January 1989).
5760:Hoffmann, Protectorates (1987)
4903:Second East Turkestan Republic
4573:(Cyrenaica) until 17 May 1919.
4173:List of former German colonies
3808:International Court of Justice
2114:Gambia Colony and Protectorate
530:Intergovernmental organisation
485:Separation of church and state
13:
1:
9698:Special administrative region
7327:Aguilar, Filomeno V. (2000).
7133:10.1080/23745118.2016.1154229
7121:European Politics and Society
7089:Greene, Sam (26 April 2019).
7020:10.1080/21599165.2016.1166104
6727:Sinha, Nirmal C. (May 1964),
6537:Francis Carey Owtram (1999).
6471:. Vol. XII. p. 90.
6157:10.1080/01916599.2020.1722725
5747:
5693:Protectorate (imperial China)
5689:and other individual persons)
5392:of the United Statesβsuch as
5323:
5130:United Nations' protectorates
5107:
4916:
3870:
3752:(Côte Française des Somalis).
3545:
2195:Southern Nigeria Protectorate
2171:Northern Nigeria Protectorate
1522:, protected state (1916β1971)
1509:, protected state (1899β1961)
1496:, protected state (1880β1971)
1431:(1919β1947, 1948, 1950, 1956)
1348:
1315:but under British protection)
1023:Multiple regionsβsuch as the
9598:Mountain resort municipality
9475:Intermediate school district
9458:Educational service district
9314:Regional county municipality
7491:Willigen, Niels van (2013),
6729:"Historical Status of Tibet"
6705:10.1007/978-94-017-9376-6_23
6406:DumieΕski, Zbigniew (2014).
6244:"Nigeria: A Country Profile"
5678:Peace Implementation Council
5609:Independent State of Croatia
5220:became protectorates of the
4925:Russian-occupied territories
4017:
3023:Principality of Mangkunegara
2775:Dutch Empire's protectorates
1789:(1959/1962β1967), including
1685:Protectorate of South Arabia
1417:(1879β1919; protected state)
1378:(1816β1923; protected state)
1112:
327:(socio-political ideologies)
7:
9929:Autonomous territorial unit
7557:
7445:Onley, James (March 2009),
5740:rather than a protectorate.
5641:
5262:HaitianβAmerican Convention
5254:1904 constitution of Panama
3980:
3587:
3280:Kutai Kertanegara Sultanate
3195:Tanah Kuna Lima (1917β1924)
2794:Tarumon Kingdom (1830β1946)
2269:
1253:
1095:In amical protectionβas of
1043:continuing as the agent of
954:
395:(socio-economic ideologies)
65:List of forms of government
10:
11285:
11269:Constitutional state types
9810:National capital territory
9531:Indian reserve/reservation
9398:Indian government district
9052:Designations for types of
7387:Hoffmann, Gerhard (1987).
7060:PieΕkowski, Jakub (2016).
5887:"The British ruling class"
5489:
5059:
4922:
4706:Cabinda (Portuguese Congo)
4170:
3368:Confederacy (1905βc. 1949)
3304:
3285:Gunung Tabur (1844βc.1945)
2786:
2779:Various sultanates in the
2674:
2342:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
2289:
1787:Federation of South Arabia
1246:
1001:
978:League of Nations mandates
976:Protectorates differ from
922:
36:
29:
11188:
11132:
11051:
10976:
10953:
10945:List of federal countries
10870:
10800:Autonomous administration
10787:
10653:
10378:
10374:
10363:
10256:
10030:
10026:
10015:
9939:
9913:
9875:
9852:
9805:Federal capital territory
9790:
9750:
9685:
9653:
9618:
9553:
9530:
9502:
9418:Non-metropolitan district
9408:Local government district
9363:
9345:
9327:
9267:
9244:
9190:
9165:
9151:
9128:
9092:
9088:
9077:
9073:
9060:
8993:
8945:
8462:
7866:
7565:
7425:Meijknecht, Anna (2001),
7245:The Sydney Morning Herald
6913:– via Google Books.
6886:– via Google Books.
6625:, Routledge, p. 78,
6385:University of Peloponnese
6261:10.32890/jis.10.2014.7954
6145:History of European Ideas
5995:10.1017/S0021853700006526
5783:Journal of Cyprus Studies
5673:League of Nations mandate
5402:Office of Insular Affairs
5234:1901 constitution of Cuba
4999:Luhansk People's Republic
4986:Donetsk People's Republic
4905:(1944β1949), now part of
4851:Principality of Wallachia
4829:(1829β1856), now part of
4813:(1826β1856), now part of
4772:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
4728:(1824β1895), now part of
4554:First Italo-Ethiopian War
4520:20 November 1815 to 1860.
4330:(1900β1920), present-day
4301:(1885β1890), now part of
4281:(1885β1920), now part of
4261:(1884β1914), now part of
4245:(1884β1920), present-day
4229:(1884β1920), now part of
4011:League of Nations mandate
3847:colony, 28 February 1897.
3654:French protectorate over
3294:Simbaliung (1844βc. 1949)
3234:Kubu (4 June 1823 β 1949)
3208:
3126:
3025:(24 February 1757 β 1946)
2995:(13 February 1755 β 1942)
2783:(present day Indonesia):
2147:Sierra Leone Protectorate
2048:Bechuanaland Protectorate
2012:Bechuanaland Protectorate
2001:
1536:; precursor state of the
1277:
1126:Argentina's protectorates
516:(geo-cultural ideologies)
9610:Specialized municipality
9287:Consolidated city-county
7329:"The Republic of Negros"
7295:"Platt Amendment (1903)"
6965:(in German). SchΓΆningh.
6651:. UBC Press. p. 8.
6645:Lin, Hsaio-ting (2011).
6461:Meyer, William Stevenson
6298:Moloney, Alfred (1890).
6066:Johnston, Alex. (1905).
5929:Journal of World History
5708:
5648:British Protected Person
5456:Northern Mariana Islands
5378:United States government
5240:, which established the
5238:HayβBunau-Varilla Treaty
4700:Portugal's protectorates
4243:German South West Africa
3649:Central African Republic
3535:Sonbai Kecil (1659β1917)
3532:Sonbai Besar (1756β1906)
3486:(12 October 1676 β 1949)
3170:(8 December 1669 β 1949)
2859:(1 February 1858 β 1946)
2552:Unfederated Malay States
2136:East Africa Protectorate
2064:Protectorate (1889β1964)
1392:(1861β1947), (1947β1972)
37:Not to be confused with
9972:Military exclusion zone
9950:Exclusive economic zone
9715:National capital region
9307:Non-metropolitan county
9054:administrative division
6959:GrΓΌnder, Horst (2004).
5977:Rubenson, Sven (1966).
5635:Allied-occupied Austria
5622:Allied-occupied Germany
4935:Russian protectorates:
4827:Principality of Moldova
3901:
3777:confederation's emirate
3514:Amanuban (1749βc. 1949)
3511:Amanatun (1749βc. 1949)
3225:(16 August 1819 β 1942)
3048:
2951:
2884:(1838 β September 1945)
2387:East and Southeast Asia
2353:British Solomon Islands
986:international community
779:Administrative division
723:International relations
10895:Corporative federalism
10890:Cooperative federalism
9989:Self-administered zone
9827:Incorporated territory
9694:Administrative region
9463:Local service district
9383:Congressional district
7523:(in French). Larousse.
7007:East European Politics
6806:www.worldstatesmen.org
6782:www.worldstatesmen.org
6736:Bulletin of Tibetology
6544:. University of London
6492:, BRILL, p. 184,
6486:Mullard, Saul (2011),
5574:
5038:) until 2 April 1958).
4811:Principality of Serbia
4680:Poland's protectorates
4206:
4196:
4184:
3911:
3707:Sultanate of Damagaram
3594:French colonial forces
3517:Amarasi (1749βc. 1949)
3360:Tabukan (1677βc. 1949)
3339:Soppeng (1860βc. 1949)
3315:(1669β1906; 1936β1949)
3282:(8 August 1825 β 1949)
3261:Simpang (1822βc. 1949)
3091:(1841β1872; 1890β1893)
2925:Tanah Jawa (1904β1946)
2916:(1859 β November 1945)
2878:(1865 β December 1945)
2677:Protectorate (Duhu Fu)
2455:Federated Malay States
2075:Nyasaland Protectorate
2022:
2014:with the portraits of
1932:Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
1920:Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
1415:Emirate of Afghanistan
1211:Brazil's protectorates
1083:
1053:
1033:
990:
980:and their successors,
943:was a protectorate of
10880:Asymmetric federalism
9960:Special economic zone
9644:Praetorian prefecture
9628:Autonomous prefecture
9588:Regional municipality
9578:District municipality
9413:Metropolitan district
9277:Administrative county
9259:Residential community
9105:Local government area
8970:Medieval great powers
7395:. Elsevier: 336β339.
7301:. September 15, 2021.
6352:Wick, Alexis (2016),
5941:10.1353/jwh.2016.0085
5507:(1684β1798), a joint
5490:Further information:
5376:Some agencies of the
5352:Republic of Zamboanga
5277:BryanβChamorro Treaty
5019:Spain's protectorates
4710:Treaty of Simulambuco
4634:Japan's protectorates
4490:The Albanian Republic
4436:India's protectorates
4279:North Solomon Islands
4180:
3909:
3884:Second Mexican Empire
3813:The northern part of
3523:Beboki (1756βc. 1949)
3520:Amfoan (1683βc. 1949)
3342:Butung (1824βc. 1949)
3330:Laiwui (1858βc. 1949)
3038:(22 June 1812 β 1942)
2675:Further information:
2671:China's protectorates
2098:Sultanate of Zanzibar
2086:from 1889 until 1907)
2009:
1309:Crown Colony of Malta
994:administering power.
902:de facto protectorate
789:Democratic transition
652:Self-governing colony
249:Military dictatorship
10940:Symmetric federalism
10551:NjΓ«si administrative
9583:Neutral municipality
9522:Subdivision of India
9254:Autonomous community
9143:Metropolitan borough
9083:Common English terms
8980:European colonialism
8965:Ancient great powers
6622:China's Tibet Policy
6619:Norbu, Dawa (2001),
6465:"Ferozepur district"
6045:. Psychology Press.
5885:Leys, Colin (2014).
5596:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
5538:Septinsular Republic
5420:District of Columbia
5386:District of Columbia
4798:Revolutionary Serbia
4741:Kingdom of Larantuka
4608:Majeerteen Sultanate
4492:(1917β1920) and the
4050:(native king styled
3819:Spanish protectorate
3744:and Protectorate of
3651:traditional states:
3529:Insana (1756βc.1949)
3300:Tayan (1823βc. 1949)
2993:Yogjakarta Sultanate
2876:Sultanate of Serdang
2441:Federation of Malaya
2400:British North Borneo
1249:British protectorate
1191:Gobierno del Cerrito
1113:Chinese Qing dynasty
933:Civitates foederatae
11180:Territorial dispute
11160:Military occupation
11074:Dependent territory
11036:Supranational union
11011:Multinational state
10194:Autonomous republic
10122:Enclave and exclave
10021:Other English terms
9817:Dependent territory
9663:Autonomous province
9593:Resort municipality
9568:County municipality
9355:Overseas department
9302:Metropolitan county
9115:Unincorporated area
8975:Modern great powers
7460:(1), archived from
6988:, pp. 336β339.
5486:Joint protectorates
5480:U.S. Virgin Islands
5398:U.S. Virgin Islands
5012:Republic of Artsakh
4533: : 2 May 1889
4518:Kingdom of Sardinia
4464:(1950β1975), later
4371:Emirate (1895β1897)
4035:the Society Islands
3864:French protectorate
3821:in the same period.
3800:French protectorate
3760:French protectorate
3717:Damagaram or Sultan
3615:traditional states
3541:TaEbenu (1688β1917)
3357:Wajo (1860βc. 1949)
3345:Siau (1680βc. 1949)
3223:Pontianak Sultanate
3036:Duchy of Pakualaman
2882:Indragiri Sultanate
2283:Khediviate of Egypt
2125:Uganda Protectorate
1507:Sheikhdom of Kuwait
1165:Republic of TucumΓ‘n
1071:Scramble for Africa
1019:Colonial protection
906:veiled protectorate
884:of a more powerful
874:dependent territory
828:Politics portal
713:Supranational union
622:Dependent territory
535:National government
11238:Tribal sovereignty
10984:Composite monarchy
10810:Electoral district
10127:Federal dependency
9955:Free economic zone
9839:Overseas territory
9722:Development region
9605:Rural municipality
9538:Indian reservation
9430:Municipal district
9388:Electoral district
9228:Free imperial city
7511:Larousse, Pierre;
7431:, Intersentia NV,
7333:Philippine Studies
7263:Human Rights Watch
7169:. 12 November 2020
5891:Socialist Register
5863:Bojkov, Victor D.
5544:) Ionian Islands (
5505:Republic of Ragusa
5339:Republic of Negros
5269:Dominican Republic
4864:Emirate of Bukhara
4785:Kingdom of Imereti
4621:Sultanate of Hobyo
4595:Italian Somaliland
4404:as protectorates:
4388:Before and during
4197:
4152:on the islands of
3912:
3841:Kingdom of Imerina
3598:French West Africa
3526:Belu (1756βc.1949)
3289:Bulungan Sultanate
3010:Surakarta Sunanate
2304:Territory of Papua
2232:Kenya Protectorate
2221:Sultanate of Egypt
2035:British Somaliland
2023:
2020:Queen Elizabeth II
1298:Malta Protectorate
1051:, which becomes a
11246:
11245:
11041:Continental union
10935:Fiscal federalism
10905:Ethnic federalism
10828:
10827:
10783:
10782:
10779:
10778:
10359:
10358:
10355:
10354:
10351:
10350:
10347:
10346:
10011:
10010:
10007:
10006:
9925:Territorial unit
9822:Federal territory
9800:Capital territory
9705:Autonomous region
9669:Overseas province
9563:City municipality
9454:Service district
9450:Sanitary district
9440:Regional district
9425:Military district
9282:Autonomous county
9215:Incorporated city
9019:
9018:
8941:
8940:
8906:PolishβLithuanian
8081:Gurjara-Pratihara
7504:978-1-134-11718-5
7438:978-90-5095-166-1
7299:National Archives
7283:. 20 August 2008.
7247:. 30 August 2019.
7214:Socor, Vladimir.
6972:978-3-8252-1332-9
6846:978-0-8047-2999-4
6714:978-94-017-9375-9
6658:978-0-7748-5988-2
6632:978-1-136-79793-4
6565:, pp. 50β51.
6499:978-90-04-20895-7
6365:978-0-520-28592-7
6232:, pp. 16β17.
6052:978-0-7146-1139-6
5509:Habsburg Austrian
5404:(OIA) within the
5365:Sultanate of Sulu
5242:Panama Canal Zone
5101:Cossack Hetmanate
5049:Sultanate of Sulu
4761:Cossack Hetmanate
4735:Angoche Sultanate
4535:Treaty of Wuchale
4462:Kingdom of Sikkim
4227:German New Guinea
4105:Wallis and Futuna
4007:Saar Protectorate
3845:French Madagascar
3781:Emirate of Trarza
3750:French Somaliland
3574:Kaimana Sultanate
3484:Ternate Sultanate
3354:Tallo (1668β1780)
3325:Bolaang Mongonduw
3198:Ndona (1917β1924)
3006:Mataram Sultanate
2865:Panei (1864β1946)
2805:Langkat Sultanate
2781:Dutch East Indies
2260:Northern Rhodesia
1805:(these included:
1803:Wahidi Sultanates
1675:Aden Protectorate
1390:Kingdom of Sikkim
1362:Cis-Sutlej states
1313:Kingdom of Sicily
1091:Amical protection
1049:chartered company
966:foreign relations
960:Foreign relations
862:
861:
813:
812:
784:Democracy indices
759:
758:
562:
561:
371:Semi-presidential
296:
295:
16:(Redirected from
11276:
11223:Stateless nation
11208:Decentralization
11059:Associated state
10920:Federal republic
10915:Federal monarchy
10855:
10848:
10841:
10832:
10831:
10416:Regierungsbezirk
10376:
10375:
10365:
10364:
10028:
10027:
10017:
10016:
9979:Free speech zone
9885:Charter township
9638:Super-prefecture
9482:Special district
9393:Federal district
9373:Capital district
9337:Overseas country
9210:Independent city
9181:Imperial capital
9120:Unorganized area
9090:
9089:
9079:
9078:
9075:
9074:
9062:
9061:
9046:
9039:
9032:
9023:
9022:
8822:
8821:
8487:Austro-Hungarian
8187:Chagatai Khanate
7552:
7545:
7538:
7529:
7528:
7524:
7507:
7487:
7474:
7473:
7472:
7466:
7451:
7441:
7421:
7419:
7417:
7375:
7374:
7373:. 12 March 2020.
7363:
7357:
7356:
7324:
7318:
7317:
7316:. Miller Center.
7309:
7303:
7302:
7291:
7285:
7284:
7273:
7267:
7266:
7255:
7249:
7248:
7237:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7226:
7211:
7205:
7204:
7202:
7200:
7185:
7179:
7178:
7176:
7174:
7167:Atlantic Council
7159:
7153:
7152:
7112:
7106:
7105:
7103:
7101:
7095:The Moscow Times
7086:
7080:
7079:
7077:
7075:
7057:
7051:
7050:
7032:
7022:
6998:
6989:
6983:
6977:
6976:
6956:
6947:
6946:
6930:
6924:
6921:
6915:
6914:
6894:
6888:
6887:
6867:
6861:
6822:
6816:
6815:
6813:
6812:
6798:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6788:
6774:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6750:
6744:
6743:
6733:
6724:
6718:
6717:
6692:
6686:
6685:
6669:
6663:
6662:
6642:
6636:
6635:
6616:
6610:
6609:
6607:
6596:
6590:
6587:
6581:
6575:
6566:
6560:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6549:
6543:
6534:
6528:
6527:
6525:
6524:
6515:. Archived from
6509:
6503:
6502:
6483:
6477:
6476:
6457:
6451:
6450:
6436:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6419:
6412:
6403:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6349:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6295:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6284:
6263:
6239:
6233:
6227:
6221:
6215:
6196:
6190:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6179:
6136:
6130:
6124:
6118:
6112:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6098:
6063:
6057:
6056:
6036:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6025:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5963:
5920:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5882:
5876:
5875:
5869:
5860:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5844:
5817:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5801:
5789:(28β29): 11β29.
5774:
5763:
5757:
5741:
5734:
5728:
5722:
5633:
5632:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5607:
5606:
5594:
5593:
5587:
5586:
5577:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5503:
5502:
5478:
5477:
5466:
5465:
5454:
5453:
5442:
5441:
5430:
5429:
5418:
5417:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5350:
5349:
5348:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5289:
5288:
5199:
5198:
5186:
5185:
5167:
5166:
5154:
5153:
5141:
5140:
5121:
5120:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5086:
5085:
5073:
5072:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5010:
5009:
5008:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4877:Khanate of Khiva
4875:
4874:
4873:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4809:
4808:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4770:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4720:Kingdom of Kongo
4714:Portuguese Crown
4691:
4690:
4689:
4671:
4670:
4658:
4657:
4645:
4644:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4543:Amharic language
4539:Italian language
4529:
4528:
4527:
4512:
4511:
4501:Albanian Kingdom
4499:
4498:
4497:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4427:
4426:
4414:
4413:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4354:
4353:
4344:Marshall Islands
4342:
4341:
4340:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4283:Papua New Guinea
4277:
4276:
4275:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4231:Papua New Guinea
4225:
4224:
4209:
4189:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4031:French Polynesia
4029:
4028:
4005:
4004:
3994:Rhenish Republic
3992:
3991:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3916:French Indochina
3882:
3881:
3858:
3857:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3561:Dutch New Guinea
3559:
3558:
3557:
3297:Kubu (1823β1949)
3244:Mempawah Kingdom
3229:Sambas Sultanate
3166:
3165:
3164:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2931:Riau Archipelago
2912:
2911:
2910:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2836:Bila (1864β1946)
2831:Asahan Sultanate
2829:
2828:
2827:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2478:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2439:
2438:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2398:
2397:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2351:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2326:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2281:
2280:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2246:Kingdom of Egypt
2244:
2242:
2241:
2230:
2219:
2218:
2206:
2205:
2193:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2169:
2158:
2157:
2145:
2134:
2123:
2112:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2082:
2073:
2072:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2046:
2045:
2033:
2031:
2030:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1399:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1376:Kingdom of Nepal
1374:
1372:
1371:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1340:
1322:
1307:
1306:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1265:
1264:
1224:Republic of Acre
1222:
1221:
1202:
1201:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1086:
1063:Berlin agreement
1056:
1038:
993:
854:
847:
840:
826:
825:
773:
772:
617:Associated state
575:
574:
550:Internationalism
540:World government
517:
396:
328:
309:
308:
283:Free association
270:
231:
150:
93:
81:
80:
44:
43:
39:Protecting power
32:The Protectorate
21:
11284:
11283:
11279:
11278:
11277:
11275:
11274:
11273:
11249:
11248:
11247:
11242:
11201:Autonomous area
11184:
11128:
11119:Tributary state
11109:Satellite state
11047:
11021:Political union
11004:Colonial empire
10972:
10949:
10925:Federated state
10900:Dual federalism
10866:
10859:
10829:
10824:
10805:Census division
10775:
10649:
10370:
10343:
10294:Imperial Circle
10252:
10022:
10003:
9997:Free-trade zone
9935:
9909:
9900:Survey township
9871:
9848:
9844:Union territory
9786:
9781:Sovereign state
9746:
9737:Overseas region
9681:
9649:
9614:
9549:
9540:(United States)
9526:
9517:Police division
9512:Census division
9498:
9470:School district
9435:Police district
9359:
9341:
9323:
9263:
9240:
9235:Royal free city
9200:Autonomous city
9186:
9175:Federal capital
9161:
9147:
9124:
9084:
9069:
9056:
9050:
9020:
9015:
9004:American Empire
8989:
8985:African empires
8937:
8820:
8512:Central African
8458:
8276:Romano-Germanic
7862:
7596:Middle Assyrian
7569:
7561:
7556:
7505:
7470:
7468:
7464:
7449:
7439:
7415:
7413:
7411:
7389:"Protectorates"
7383:
7378:
7365:
7364:
7360:
7325:
7321:
7310:
7306:
7293:
7292:
7288:
7275:
7274:
7270:
7257:
7256:
7252:
7239:
7238:
7234:
7224:
7222:
7212:
7208:
7198:
7196:
7186:
7182:
7172:
7170:
7161:
7160:
7156:
7113:
7109:
7099:
7097:
7087:
7083:
7073:
7071:
7058:
7054:
6999:
6992:
6984:
6980:
6973:
6957:
6950:
6931:
6927:
6922:
6918:
6911:
6895:
6891:
6884:
6868:
6864:
6859:
6849:
6839:
6829:
6823:
6819:
6810:
6808:
6800:
6799:
6795:
6786:
6784:
6776:
6775:
6771:
6762:
6760:
6752:
6751:
6747:
6731:
6725:
6721:
6715:
6693:
6689:
6670:
6666:
6659:
6643:
6639:
6633:
6617:
6613:
6605:
6597:
6593:
6588:
6584:
6576:
6569:
6561:
6557:
6547:
6545:
6541:
6535:
6531:
6522:
6520:
6511:
6510:
6506:
6500:
6484:
6480:
6458:
6454:
6437:
6433:
6423:
6421:
6420:on 14 July 2014
6417:
6410:
6404:
6400:
6390:
6388:
6376:
6372:
6366:
6350:
6346:
6336:
6334:
6316:10.2307/1801424
6310:(10): 596β614.
6296:
6292:
6282:
6280:
6240:
6236:
6228:
6224:
6216:
6199:
6191:
6187:
6177:
6175:
6137:
6133:
6125:
6121:
6113:
6106:
6096:
6094:
6064:
6060:
6053:
6037:
6033:
6023:
6021:
5975:
5971:
5961:
5959:
5921:
5917:
5907:
5905:
5883:
5879:
5867:
5861:
5852:
5842:
5840:
5818:
5809:
5799:
5797:
5775:
5766:
5758:
5754:
5750:
5745:
5744:
5735:
5731:
5725:Protected state
5723:
5716:
5711:
5644:
5627:
5616:
5614:
5601:
5588:
5581:
5532:
5530:
5521:
5519:
5513:Ottoman Turkish
5497:
5494:
5488:
5472:
5460:
5448:
5436:
5424:
5412:
5384:, refer to the
5374:
5359:
5357:
5346:
5344:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5311:
5309:
5298:
5296:
5283:
5230:Platt Amendment
5210:
5193:
5180:
5172:
5161:
5148:
5135:
5132:
5123:Northern Cyprus
5115:
5112:
5095:
5093:
5080:
5067:
5064:
5058:
5043:
5041:
5032:Spanish Morocco
5026:
5024:
5021:
5006:
5004:
4993:
4991:
4980:
4978:
4967:
4965:
4954:
4952:
4941:
4939:
4927:
4921:
4897:
4895:
4884:
4882:
4871:
4869:
4858:
4856:
4845:
4843:
4821:
4819:
4803:
4792:
4790:
4779:
4777:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4702:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4665:
4652:
4639:
4636:
4615:
4613:
4602:
4600:
4589:
4587:
4578:
4576:
4561:
4559:
4525:
4523:
4506:
4495:
4493:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4470:State of Sikkim
4456:
4454:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4421:
4408:
4376:
4374:
4363:
4361:
4348:
4338:
4336:
4322:
4320:
4309:
4307:
4293:
4291:
4287:Solomon Islands
4273:
4271:
4253:
4251:
4237:
4235:
4219:
4175:
4169:
4144:
4142:
4133:
4131:
4112:
4110:
4099:
4097:
4086:Gambier Islands
4076:
4074:
4059:
4057:
4042:
4040:
4023:
4020:
3999:
3986:
3983:
3966:
3964:
3953:
3951:
3940:
3938:
3923:
3921:
3918:until 1953/54:
3904:
3876:
3873:
3852:
3835:
3833:
3790:
3788:
3621:
3619:
3618:Independent of
3590:
3585:
3568:
3566:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3508:
3490:Bacan Sultanate
3480:
3446:
3414:
3394:
3370:
3309:
3250:Sanggau Kingdom
3213:
3186:
3162:
3160:
3149:
3147:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3108:
3106:
3071:
3069:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3030:
3028:
3017:
3015:
3000:
2998:
2987:
2985:
2974:
2972:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2908:
2906:
2895:Jambi Sultanate
2889:
2887:
2870:
2868:
2851:
2849:
2841:
2839:
2825:
2823:
2812:
2810:
2799:
2797:
2791:
2777:
2761:
2759:
2748:
2746:
2733:
2731:
2720:
2718:
2679:
2673:
2653:
2651:
2639:
2637:
2625:
2623:
2606:
2604:
2592:
2590:
2573:
2571:
2559:
2557:
2554:(1904/09β1946)
2546:
2544:
2530:
2528:
2516:
2514:
2502:
2500:
2487:
2485:
2469:Negeri Sembilan
2462:
2460:
2448:
2446:
2433:
2421:
2419:
2407:
2405:
2392:
2389:
2373:
2371:
2360:
2358:
2335:
2333:
2311:
2309:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2275:
2272:
2253:
2251:
2239:
2237:
2213:
2200:
2178:
2176:
2152:
2091:
2089:
2067:
2055:
2053:
2040:
2028:
2026:
2004:
1986:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1878:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1838:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1797:
1795:
1773:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1728:
1726:
1716:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1669:
1667:
1660:Muscat and Oman
1653:
1651:
1638:
1636:
1623:
1621:
1610:
1608:
1597:
1595:
1584:
1582:
1571:
1569:
1558:
1556:
1545:
1543:
1527:
1525:
1514:
1512:
1501:
1499:
1487:
1485:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1446:
1444:
1439:Princely States
1422:
1420:
1408:
1406:
1401:Maldive Islands
1383:
1381:
1369:
1367:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1326:(1815β1864) (a
1301:
1290:
1283:
1280:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1245:
1216:
1213:
1196:
1185:
1183:
1172:
1170:
1159:
1157:
1146:
1144:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1093:
1021:
1006:
1000:
998:Protected state
962:
957:
925:
886:sovereign state
858:
820:
815:
814:
801:Democratisation
794:Autocratization
770:
762:
761:
760:
717:
678:
657:Tributary state
647:Satellite state
602:
572:
571:Power structure
564:
563:
515:
514:
496:
467:
453:
444:Totalitarianism
394:
393:
375:
326:
325:
306:
298:
297:
292:
268:
260:
225:
217:
148:
140:
87:
78:
77:Source of power
55:Basic forms of
49:Politics series
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Protected state
15:
12:
11:
5:
11282:
11272:
11271:
11266:
11261:
11244:
11243:
11241:
11240:
11235:
11230:
11225:
11220:
11215:
11210:
11205:
11204:
11203:
11192:
11190:
11186:
11185:
11183:
11182:
11177:
11172:
11167:
11162:
11157:
11152:
11147:
11142:
11136:
11134:
11130:
11129:
11127:
11126:
11121:
11116:
11111:
11106:
11101:
11096:
11091:
11086:
11081:
11076:
11071:
11066:
11061:
11055:
11053:
11049:
11048:
11046:
11045:
11044:
11043:
11033:
11028:
11023:
11018:
11016:Personal union
11013:
11008:
11007:
11006:
10996:
10994:Dynastic union
10991:
10986:
10980:
10978:
10974:
10973:
10971:
10970:
10968:Regional state
10965:
10959:
10957:
10951:
10950:
10948:
10947:
10942:
10937:
10932:
10927:
10922:
10917:
10912:
10907:
10902:
10897:
10892:
10887:
10882:
10876:
10874:
10868:
10867:
10865:administration
10858:
10857:
10850:
10843:
10835:
10826:
10825:
10823:
10822:
10817:
10812:
10807:
10802:
10797:
10788:
10785:
10784:
10781:
10780:
10777:
10776:
10774:
10773:
10768:
10763:
10758:
10753:
10748:
10743:
10738:
10733:
10728:
10727:
10726:
10721:
10713:
10708:
10703:
10702:
10701:
10693:
10688:
10683:
10678:
10673:
10668:
10663:
10657:
10655:
10651:
10650:
10648:
10647:
10642:
10637:
10632:
10631:
10630:
10620:
10615:
10610:
10605:
10600:
10595:
10590:
10585:
10580:
10575:
10570:
10565:
10564:
10563:
10553:
10548:
10543:
10538:
10533:
10528:
10523:
10522:
10521:
10513:
10508:
10507:
10506:
10501:
10493:
10488:
10483:
10478:
10473:
10468:
10467:
10466:
10461:
10456:
10451:
10443:
10438:
10433:
10428:
10423:
10418:
10413:
10408:
10403:
10398:
10393:
10388:
10382:
10380:
10372:
10371:
10361:
10360:
10357:
10356:
10353:
10352:
10349:
10348:
10345:
10344:
10342:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10260:
10258:
10254:
10253:
10251:
10250:
10245:
10244:
10243:
10233:
10228:
10223:
10218:
10213:
10212:
10211:
10201:
10196:
10191:
10186:
10181:
10176:
10171:
10166:
10161:
10156:
10151:
10150:
10149:
10139:
10134:
10129:
10124:
10119:
10114:
10109:
10108:
10107:
10097:
10092:
10087:
10082:
10077:
10072:
10067:
10062:
10057:
10056:
10055:
10045:
10040:
10034:
10032:
10024:
10023:
10013:
10012:
10009:
10008:
10005:
10004:
10002:
10001:
10000:
9999:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9975:
9974:
9967:Exclusion zone
9964:
9963:
9962:
9957:
9952:
9946:Economic zone
9943:
9941:
9937:
9936:
9934:
9933:
9932:
9931:
9923:
9917:
9915:
9911:
9910:
9908:
9907:
9905:Urban township
9902:
9897:
9895:Paper township
9892:
9890:Civil township
9887:
9881:
9879:
9873:
9872:
9870:
9869:
9864:
9858:
9856:
9850:
9849:
9847:
9846:
9841:
9836:
9835:
9834:
9824:
9819:
9814:
9813:
9812:
9807:
9796:
9794:
9788:
9787:
9785:
9784:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9762:
9756:
9754:
9748:
9747:
9745:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9719:
9718:
9717:
9710:Capital region
9707:
9702:
9701:
9700:
9691:
9689:
9683:
9682:
9680:
9679:
9676:Roman province
9672:
9665:
9659:
9657:
9651:
9650:
9648:
9647:
9640:
9635:
9630:
9624:
9622:
9616:
9615:
9613:
9612:
9607:
9602:
9601:
9600:
9590:
9585:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9559:
9557:
9551:
9550:
9548:
9547:
9544:Indian reserve
9541:
9534:
9532:
9528:
9527:
9525:
9524:
9519:
9514:
9508:
9506:
9500:
9499:
9497:
9496:
9494:Urban district
9491:
9490:
9489:
9479:
9478:
9477:
9467:
9466:
9465:
9460:
9452:
9447:
9445:Rural district
9442:
9437:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9421:
9420:
9410:
9405:
9400:
9395:
9390:
9385:
9380:
9375:
9369:
9367:
9361:
9360:
9358:
9357:
9351:
9349:
9343:
9342:
9340:
9339:
9333:
9331:
9325:
9324:
9322:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9310:
9309:
9299:
9294:
9289:
9284:
9279:
9273:
9271:
9265:
9264:
9262:
9261:
9256:
9250:
9248:
9242:
9241:
9239:
9238:
9231:
9224:
9217:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9196:
9194:
9188:
9187:
9185:
9184:
9177:
9171:
9169:
9163:
9162:
9157:
9155:
9149:
9148:
9146:
9145:
9140:
9138:County borough
9134:
9132:
9126:
9125:
9123:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9096:
9094:
9086:
9085:
9071:
9070:
9058:
9057:
9049:
9048:
9041:
9034:
9026:
9017:
9016:
9014:
9013:
9012:
9011:
9006:
8997:
8995:
8991:
8990:
8988:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8961:
8960:
8949:
8947:
8943:
8942:
8939:
8938:
8936:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8914:
8913:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8857:
8856:
8851:
8841:
8836:
8830:
8828:
8819:
8818:
8817:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8796:
8786:
8781:
8780:
8779:
8769:
8764:
8763:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8742:
8737:
8736:
8735:
8730:
8720:
8719:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8688:
8687:
8686:
8681:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8655:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8624:
8623:
8622:
8617:
8607:
8602:
8601:
8600:
8595:
8585:
8584:
8583:
8578:
8568:
8567:
8566:
8561:
8551:
8546:
8545:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8514:
8509:
8508:
8507:
8502:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8468:
8466:
8460:
8459:
8457:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8440:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8399:
8394:
8393:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8357:
8356:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8289:
8288:
8283:
8273:
8272:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8217:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8196:
8195:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8143:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8117:
8116:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8090:
8089:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8047:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8026:
8021:
8020:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7984:
7983:
7982:
7977:
7967:
7966:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7940:
7935:
7934:
7933:
7923:
7922:
7921:
7916:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7872:
7870:
7868:Post-classical
7864:
7863:
7861:
7860:
7859:
7858:
7848:
7843:
7842:
7841:
7836:
7826:
7825:
7824:
7814:
7813:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7766:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7740:
7739:
7738:
7733:
7723:
7718:
7717:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7675:
7674:
7669:
7667:Middle Kingdom
7664:
7654:
7649:
7648:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7627:
7626:
7625:
7623:Neo-Babylonian
7620:
7615:
7613:Old Babylonian
7605:
7604:
7603:
7598:
7588:
7583:
7577:
7575:
7563:
7562:
7555:
7554:
7547:
7540:
7532:
7526:
7525:
7508:
7503:
7488:
7475:
7442:
7437:
7422:
7409:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7376:
7358:
7319:
7304:
7286:
7268:
7250:
7232:
7206:
7194:Eurasia Review
7180:
7154:
7127:(4): 506β521.
7107:
7081:
7052:
7013:(3): 297β313.
6990:
6978:
6971:
6948:
6925:
6916:
6909:
6889:
6882:
6862:
6817:
6793:
6769:
6745:
6719:
6713:
6687:
6664:
6657:
6637:
6631:
6611:
6591:
6582:
6567:
6555:
6529:
6504:
6498:
6478:
6452:
6431:
6398:
6370:
6364:
6344:
6290:
6234:
6222:
6197:
6185:
6151:(6): 811β826.
6131:
6119:
6104:
6058:
6051:
6031:
5989:(3): 445β457.
5969:
5915:
5877:
5850:
5832:(1): 231β240.
5807:
5764:
5762:, p. 336.
5751:
5749:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5729:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5687:Heads of State
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5625:
5612:
5599:
5579:
5516:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5470:
5458:
5446:
5434:
5432:American Samoa
5422:
5394:American Samoa
5380:, such as the
5373:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5355:
5342:
5327:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5307:
5294:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5191:
5178:
5171:(1999βpresent)
5159:
5146:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5125:(1983βpresent)
5111:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5091:
5078:
5075:Aceh Sultanate
5060:Main article:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5052:
5039:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5002:
4989:
4976:
4975:(1994βpresent)
4963:
4962:(1992βpresent)
4950:
4949:(2008βpresent)
4920:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4893:
4890:Uryankhay Krai
4880:
4867:
4854:
4841:
4817:
4801:
4788:
4775:
4764:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4738:
4732:
4723:
4717:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4663:
4650:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4611:
4574:
4557:
4521:
4504:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4452:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4419:
4398:Czechoslovakia
4386:
4385:
4372:
4359:
4346:
4334:
4318:
4305:
4289:
4269:
4249:
4233:
4203:used the word
4168:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4129:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4088:; ruler title
4072:
4055:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4014:
3997:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3962:
3961:3 October 1893
3949:
3948:11 August 1863
3936:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3758:: 12 May 1903
3753:
3734:
3724:
3718:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3678:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3659:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3630:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3549:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3479:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3464:
3461:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3400:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3351:(1907βc. 1949)
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3336:(1861βc. 1949)
3331:
3328:
3327:(1825βc. 1949)
3322:
3319:Bone Sultanate
3316:
3313:Gowa Sultanate
3308:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3258:(182?βc. 1949)
3253:
3247:
3241:
3240:(1819βc. 1949)
3235:
3232:
3226:
3220:
3212:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3204:(1879βc. 1947)
3199:
3196:
3193:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3171:
3158:
3157:(1908βc. 1948)
3145:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3117:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3067:
3052:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3039:
3026:
3013:
2996:
2983:
2970:
2955:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2933:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2917:
2904:
2898:
2885:
2879:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:Siak Sultanate
2847:
2837:
2834:
2821:
2818:Deli Sultanate
2808:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2649:
2635:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2526:
2512:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2483:
2431:
2428:Raj of Sarawak
2417:
2403:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2369:
2356:
2345:
2331:
2320:
2307:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2249:
2235:
2224:
2211:
2198:
2187:
2174:
2163:
2150:
2139:
2128:
2117:
2106:
2101:
2087:
2065:
2051:
2038:
2016:Queen Victoria
2010:1960 stamp of
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1982:
1970:
1958:
1946:
1934:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1886:
1874:
1862:
1850:
1834:
1822:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1769:
1757:
1724:
1712:
1700:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1644:Umm al-Qaiwain
1634:
1633:
1632:
1606:
1603:Ras Al Khaimah
1593:
1580:
1567:
1554:
1534:Trucial States
1523:
1510:
1497:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1442:
1432:
1418:
1404:
1393:
1379:
1365:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1342:British Cyprus
1334:
1324:Ionian islands
1316:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1273:Indian nation)
1255:
1252:
1247:Main article:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1194:
1181:
1168:
1155:
1142:
1127:
1124:
1092:
1089:
1020:
1017:
999:
996:
961:
958:
956:
953:
924:
921:
860:
859:
857:
856:
849:
842:
834:
831:
830:
817:
816:
811:
810:
809:
808:
806:Hybrid regimes
803:
798:
797:
796:
786:
781:
771:
768:
767:
764:
763:
757:
756:
755:
754:
749:
744:
739:
737:Regional power
734:
726:
725:
719:
718:
716:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
687:
686:
680:
679:
677:
676:
671:
666:
659:
654:
649:
644:
642:Puppet monarch
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
611:
610:
604:
603:
601:
600:
595:
590:
582:
581:
573:
570:
569:
566:
565:
560:
559:
558:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
519:
518:
513:
512:
507:
501:
498:
497:
495:
494:
493:
492:
487:
477:
475:State religion
469:
468:
466:
465:
462:
458:
455:
454:
452:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
398:
397:
392:
391:
386:
380:
377:
376:
374:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
346:Constitutional
343:
338:
330:
329:
324:
323:
318:
312:
307:
305:Power ideology
304:
303:
300:
299:
294:
293:
291:
290:
285:
280:
272:
271:
269:(rule by none)
262:
261:
259:
258:
253:
252:
251:
241:
233:
232:
219:
218:
216:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
152:
151:
142:
141:
139:
138:
133:
128:
123:
121:Representative
118:
113:
108:
103:
95:
94:
79:
76:
75:
72:
71:
60:
59:
52:
51:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11281:
11270:
11267:
11265:
11262:
11260:
11257:
11256:
11254:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11231:
11229:
11226:
11224:
11221:
11219:
11216:
11214:
11211:
11209:
11206:
11202:
11199:
11198:
11197:
11194:
11193:
11191:
11187:
11181:
11178:
11176:
11173:
11171:
11168:
11166:
11163:
11161:
11158:
11156:
11153:
11151:
11148:
11146:
11143:
11141:
11138:
11137:
11135:
11131:
11125:
11122:
11120:
11117:
11115:
11112:
11110:
11107:
11105:
11102:
11100:
11097:
11095:
11092:
11090:
11089:Indirect rule
11087:
11085:
11082:
11080:
11077:
11075:
11072:
11070:
11067:
11065:
11062:
11060:
11057:
11056:
11054:
11050:
11042:
11039:
11038:
11037:
11034:
11032:
11029:
11027:
11024:
11022:
11019:
11017:
11014:
11012:
11009:
11005:
11002:
11001:
11000:
10997:
10995:
10992:
10990:
10989:Dual monarchy
10987:
10985:
10982:
10981:
10979:
10975:
10969:
10966:
10964:
10961:
10960:
10958:
10956:
10955:Unitary state
10952:
10946:
10943:
10941:
10938:
10936:
10933:
10931:
10928:
10926:
10923:
10921:
10918:
10916:
10913:
10911:
10908:
10906:
10903:
10901:
10898:
10896:
10893:
10891:
10888:
10886:
10885:Confederation
10883:
10881:
10878:
10877:
10875:
10873:
10869:
10864:
10856:
10851:
10849:
10844:
10842:
10837:
10836:
10833:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10801:
10798:
10795:
10794:
10792:
10786:
10772:
10769:
10767:
10764:
10762:
10759:
10757:
10754:
10752:
10749:
10747:
10744:
10742:
10739:
10737:
10734:
10732:
10729:
10725:
10722:
10720:
10717:
10716:
10714:
10712:
10709:
10707:
10704:
10700:
10697:
10696:
10694:
10692:
10689:
10687:
10684:
10682:
10679:
10677:
10674:
10672:
10669:
10667:
10664:
10662:
10659:
10658:
10656:
10652:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10629:
10626:
10625:
10624:
10621:
10619:
10616:
10614:
10611:
10609:
10606:
10604:
10601:
10599:
10596:
10594:
10591:
10589:
10586:
10584:
10581:
10579:
10576:
10574:
10571:
10569:
10566:
10562:
10559:
10558:
10557:
10554:
10552:
10549:
10547:
10544:
10542:
10539:
10537:
10534:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10524:
10520:
10517:
10516:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10505:
10502:
10500:
10497:
10496:
10495:Kommun/Kunta
10494:
10492:
10489:
10487:
10484:
10482:
10479:
10477:
10474:
10472:
10469:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10452:
10450:
10447:
10446:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10437:
10434:
10432:
10429:
10427:
10424:
10422:
10419:
10417:
10414:
10412:
10409:
10407:
10404:
10402:
10399:
10397:
10394:
10392:
10389:
10387:
10384:
10383:
10381:
10377:
10373:
10366:
10362:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10319:Roman diocese
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10262:
10261:
10259:
10255:
10249:
10246:
10242:
10239:
10238:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
10227:
10224:
10222:
10219:
10217:
10214:
10210:
10207:
10206:
10205:
10202:
10200:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10190:
10187:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10159:Neighbourhood
10157:
10155:
10152:
10148:
10145:
10144:
10143:
10140:
10138:
10135:
10133:
10130:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10106:
10103:
10102:
10101:
10098:
10096:
10093:
10091:
10088:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10054:
10051:
10050:
10049:
10046:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10038:Alpine resort
10036:
10035:
10033:
10029:
10025:
10018:
10014:
9998:
9995:
9994:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9973:
9970:
9969:
9968:
9965:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9947:
9945:
9944:
9942:
9938:
9930:
9927:
9926:
9924:
9922:
9921:Regional unit
9919:
9918:
9916:
9912:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9882:
9880:
9878:
9874:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9859:
9857:
9855:
9851:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9833:
9830:
9829:
9828:
9825:
9823:
9820:
9818:
9815:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9802:
9801:
9798:
9797:
9795:
9793:
9789:
9783:
9782:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9770:Federal state
9768:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9757:
9755:
9753:
9749:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9716:
9713:
9712:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9699:
9696:
9695:
9693:
9692:
9690:
9688:
9684:
9678:
9677:
9673:
9671:
9670:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9660:
9658:
9656:
9652:
9646:
9645:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9633:Subprefecture
9631:
9629:
9626:
9625:
9623:
9621:
9617:
9611:
9608:
9606:
9603:
9599:
9596:
9595:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9560:
9558:
9556:
9552:
9545:
9542:
9539:
9536:
9535:
9533:
9529:
9523:
9520:
9518:
9515:
9513:
9510:
9509:
9507:
9505:
9501:
9495:
9492:
9488:
9485:
9484:
9483:
9480:
9476:
9473:
9472:
9471:
9468:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9455:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9419:
9416:
9415:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9404:
9403:Land district
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9378:City district
9376:
9374:
9371:
9370:
9368:
9366:
9362:
9356:
9353:
9352:
9350:
9348:
9344:
9338:
9335:
9334:
9332:
9330:
9326:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9308:
9305:
9304:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9274:
9272:
9270:
9266:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9251:
9249:
9247:
9243:
9237:
9236:
9232:
9230:
9229:
9225:
9223:
9222:
9221:Imperial city
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9198:
9197:
9195:
9193:
9189:
9183:
9182:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9172:
9170:
9168:
9164:
9160:
9156:
9154:
9150:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9135:
9133:
9131:
9127:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9097:
9095:
9091:
9087:
9080:
9076:
9072:
9068:
9067:English terms
9063:
9059:
9055:
9047:
9042:
9040:
9035:
9033:
9028:
9027:
9024:
9010:
9009:Soviet empire
9007:
9005:
9002:
9001:
8999:
8998:
8996:
8994:Miscellaneous
8992:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8959:
8956:
8955:
8954:
8951:
8950:
8948:
8944:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8912:
8909:
8908:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8846:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8831:
8829:
8827:
8823:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8791:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8778:
8775:
8774:
8773:
8770:
8768:
8765:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8747:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8725:
8724:
8721:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8693:
8692:
8689:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8676:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8629:
8628:
8625:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8612:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8603:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8593:German Empire
8591:
8590:
8589:
8586:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8573:
8572:
8569:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8556:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8519:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8497:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8469:
8467:
8465:
8461:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8404:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8362:
8361:
8358:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8335:
8334:
8333:Turco-Persian
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8278:
8277:
8274:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8241:
8240:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8201:
8200:
8197:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8174:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8122:
8121:
8118:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8095:
8094:
8091:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8073:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8031:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7989:
7988:
7985:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7972:
7971:
7968:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7945:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7932:
7929:
7928:
7927:
7924:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7873:
7871:
7869:
7865:
7857:
7854:
7853:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7831:
7830:
7827:
7823:
7820:
7819:
7818:
7815:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7782:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7745:
7744:
7741:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7728:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7691:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7659:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7632:
7631:
7628:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7610:
7609:
7606:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7593:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7568:
7564:
7560:
7553:
7548:
7546:
7541:
7539:
7534:
7533:
7530:
7522:
7518:
7514:
7509:
7506:
7500:
7497:, Routledge,
7496:
7495:
7489:
7485:
7481:
7476:
7467:on 2022-10-09
7463:
7459:
7455:
7454:Asian Affairs
7448:
7443:
7440:
7434:
7430:
7429:
7423:
7412:
7410:9780444862419
7406:
7402:
7398:
7394:
7390:
7385:
7384:
7372:
7368:
7362:
7354:
7350:
7346:
7342:
7338:
7334:
7330:
7323:
7315:
7308:
7300:
7296:
7290:
7282:
7278:
7272:
7264:
7260:
7254:
7246:
7242:
7236:
7221:
7217:
7210:
7195:
7191:
7184:
7168:
7164:
7158:
7150:
7146:
7142:
7138:
7134:
7130:
7126:
7122:
7118:
7111:
7096:
7092:
7085:
7070:
7068:
7063:
7056:
7048:
7044:
7040:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7012:
7008:
7004:
6997:
6995:
6987:
6982:
6974:
6968:
6964:
6963:
6955:
6953:
6944:
6940:
6936:
6929:
6920:
6912:
6906:
6902:
6901:
6893:
6885:
6879:
6875:
6874:
6866:
6857:
6856:0-521-64255-8
6853:
6847:
6843:
6837:
6836:0-312-16000-3
6833:
6827:
6821:
6807:
6803:
6797:
6783:
6779:
6773:
6759:
6755:
6749:
6741:
6737:
6730:
6723:
6716:
6710:
6706:
6702:
6698:
6691:
6683:
6679:
6675:
6668:
6660:
6654:
6650:
6649:
6641:
6634:
6628:
6624:
6623:
6615:
6604:
6603:
6595:
6586:
6580:, p. 51.
6579:
6574:
6572:
6564:
6559:
6540:
6533:
6519:on 2019-07-27
6518:
6514:
6508:
6501:
6495:
6491:
6490:
6482:
6475:
6470:
6466:
6462:
6456:
6448:
6444:
6443:
6435:
6416:
6409:
6402:
6387:
6386:
6381:
6374:
6367:
6361:
6357:
6356:
6348:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6313:
6309:
6305:
6301:
6294:
6279:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6238:
6231:
6226:
6220:, p. 50.
6219:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6208:
6206:
6204:
6202:
6194:
6189:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6146:
6142:
6135:
6129:, p. 16.
6128:
6123:
6117:, p. 42.
6116:
6111:
6109:
6093:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6078:(17): 28β37.
6077:
6073:
6069:
6062:
6054:
6048:
6044:
6043:
6035:
6020:
6016:
6012:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5973:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5919:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5881:
5873:
5866:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5816:
5814:
5812:
5796:
5792:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5761:
5756:
5752:
5739:
5738:Priest-patron
5733:
5726:
5721:
5719:
5714:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5688:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5623:
5613:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5597:
5592:
5585:
5580:
5576:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5528:
5517:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5390:insular areas
5387:
5383:
5379:
5366:
5356:
5353:
5343:
5340:
5330:
5329:
5326:
5318:
5308:
5305:
5295:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5222:United States
5219:
5215:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5176:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5133:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5113:
5110:
5102:
5092:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5050:
5040:
5037:
5033:
5023:
5022:
5013:
5003:
5000:
4990:
4987:
4977:
4974:
4964:
4961:
4951:
4948:
4947:South Ossetia
4938:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4894:
4891:
4881:
4878:
4868:
4865:
4855:
4852:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4799:
4789:
4786:
4776:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4752:
4751:
4742:
4739:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4694:
4684:
4683:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4648:
4647:Korean Empire
4643:
4638:
4637:
4626:
4622:
4612:
4609:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4585:
4584:Benadir Coast
4575:
4572:
4568:
4558:
4555:
4551:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4502:
4491:
4481:
4480:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4453:
4450:
4440:
4439:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4383:
4373:
4370:
4360:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4345:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4319:
4316:
4315:Ruanda-Urundi
4306:
4304:
4300:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4208:
4202:
4201:German Empire
4194:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4179:
4174:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4140:
4130:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4096:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4056:
4053:
4049:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4021:
4012:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3973:
3963:
3960:
3950:
3947:
3937:
3934:
3930:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3874:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3842:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3804:Treaty of Fez
3801:
3797:
3787:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3691:CΓ΄te d'Ivoire
3689:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3677:(Haute-Volta)
3676:
3672:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3575:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3498:(1657βc.1949)
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3366:Ajattappareng
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3291:(1844βc.1949)
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3273:(1828βc.1949)
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3159:
3156:
3146:
3143:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3068:
3065:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3027:
3024:
3014:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2994:
2984:
2981:
2971:
2968:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2946:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2848:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2822:
2819:
2809:
2806:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2784:
2782:
2768:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2745:
2740:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2661:
2650:
2647:
2636:
2633:
2622:
2617:
2614:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2589:
2584:
2581:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2543:
2538:
2527:
2524:
2513:
2510:
2499:
2494:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2418:
2415:
2404:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2381:
2370:
2367:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2308:
2305:
2294:
2293:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2250:
2247:
2236:
2234:* (1920β1963)
2233:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2162:* (1914β1960)
2161:
2156:
2151:
2149:* (1896β1961)
2148:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2116:* (1894β1965)
2115:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2077:(1893β1964) (
2076:
2071:
2066:
2063:
2052:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2008:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1863:
1861:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1835:
1833:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1661:
1650:
1645:
1635:
1630:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1607:
1604:
1594:
1591:
1581:
1578:
1568:
1565:
1555:
1552:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1524:
1521:
1511:
1508:
1498:
1495:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1464:
1463:
1454:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1419:
1416:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1380:
1377:
1366:
1363:
1353:
1352:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1300:(1800β1813);
1299:
1294:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1182:
1179:
1169:
1166:
1156:
1153:
1143:
1140:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1098:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1045:indirect rule
1042:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1005:
995:
992:
987:
983:
979:
974:
972:
967:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
920:
918:
914:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
855:
850:
848:
843:
841:
836:
835:
833:
832:
829:
824:
819:
818:
807:
804:
802:
799:
795:
792:
791:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
776:
775:
774:
766:
765:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
728:
727:
724:
721:
720:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
693:Confederation
691:
690:
689:
688:
685:
682:
681:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
664:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
613:
612:
609:
606:
605:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
588:Unitary state
586:
585:
584:
583:
580:
577:
576:
568:
567:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
521:
520:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
500:
499:
491:
490:State atheism
488:
486:
483:
482:
481:
480:Secular state
478:
476:
473:
472:
471:
470:
463:
460:
459:
457:
456:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
400:
399:
390:
387:
385:
384:Authoritarian
382:
381:
379:
378:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
361:Parliamentary
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
332:
331:
322:
319:
317:
314:
313:
311:
310:
302:
301:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
275:
274:
273:
267:
264:
263:
257:
254:
250:
247:
246:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
235:
234:
229:
224:
221:
220:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
155:
154:
153:
149:(rule by few)
147:
144:
143:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
98:
97:
96:
91:
86:
83:
82:
74:
73:
70:
67:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
11259:Client state
11228:Subsidiarity
11124:Vassal state
11104:Puppet state
11099:Protectorate
11098:
11064:Client state
10790:
10711:Maalaiskunta
10671:Heerlijkheid
10511:LΓ€n (Sweden)
10179:Protectorate
10178:
10174:Principality
10095:Constituency
9984:Neutral zone
9779:
9674:
9667:
9642:
9555:Municipality
9233:
9226:
9219:
9205:Charter city
9179:
9110:Special area
9100:Insular area
8760:Contemporary
8610:Indo-Persian
8598:Nazi Germany
8542:Contemporary
8444:Vijayanagara
8343:Great Seljuk
8254:Thessalonica
8182:Golden Horde
7822:Carthaginian
7601:Neo-Assyrian
7586:Neo-Sumerian
7520:
7493:
7486:(1): 231β240
7483:
7479:
7469:, retrieved
7462:the original
7457:
7453:
7427:
7414:. Retrieved
7392:
7381:Bibliography
7370:
7361:
7339:(1): 26β52.
7336:
7332:
7322:
7307:
7298:
7289:
7280:
7271:
7262:
7259:"East Timor"
7253:
7244:
7235:
7225:21 September
7223:. Retrieved
7219:
7209:
7199:21 September
7197:. Retrieved
7193:
7183:
7171:. Retrieved
7166:
7157:
7124:
7120:
7110:
7098:. Retrieved
7094:
7084:
7072:. Retrieved
7065:
7055:
7010:
7006:
6981:
6961:
6934:
6928:
6919:
6899:
6892:
6872:
6865:
6825:
6820:
6809:. Retrieved
6805:
6796:
6785:. Retrieved
6781:
6772:
6761:. Retrieved
6757:
6748:
6739:
6735:
6722:
6696:
6690:
6681:
6677:
6667:
6647:
6640:
6621:
6614:
6601:
6594:
6585:
6558:
6546:. Retrieved
6532:
6521:. Retrieved
6517:the original
6507:
6488:
6481:
6472:
6468:
6455:
6441:
6434:
6422:. Retrieved
6415:the original
6401:
6389:. Retrieved
6383:
6373:
6354:
6347:
6337:21 September
6335:. Retrieved
6307:
6303:
6293:
6283:21 September
6281:. Retrieved
6251:
6247:
6237:
6225:
6188:
6176:. Retrieved
6148:
6144:
6134:
6122:
6095:. Retrieved
6075:
6071:
6061:
6041:
6034:
6022:. Retrieved
5986:
5982:
5972:
5960:. Retrieved
5932:
5928:
5918:
5906:. Retrieved
5894:
5890:
5880:
5871:
5841:. Retrieved
5829:
5825:
5798:. Retrieved
5786:
5782:
5755:
5732:
5724:
5685:(titles for
5663:EUFOR Althea
5653:Client state
5542:Provveditore
5515:protectorate
5375:
5324:
5275:through the
5266:
5211:
5174:
5108:
4960:Transnistria
4930:
4928:
4917:
4624:
4468:to India as
4451:(1947β2007).
4394:Nazi Germany
4390:World War II
4387:
4328:German Samoa
4207:Schutzgebiet
4204:
4198:
4182:
4084:(one of the
3896:Maximilian I
3888:Napoleon III
3826:Traditional
3671:Burkina Faso
3591:
3477:The Moluccas
2778:
2754:Qing dynasty
2726:Yuan dynasty
2696:Tang dynasty
2601:(1909β1946)
2568:(1914β1946)
2480:Sungai Ujong
2471:(1888β1895)
2457:(1895β1946)
2443:(1948β1957)
2328:Cook Islands
2265:
1944:Lower Aulaqi
1687:(1963β1967)
1618:(1820β1971)
1460:Western Asia
1139:Liga Federal
1117:
1109:great powers
1106:
1094:
1079:protectorate
1078:
1074:
1067:Black Africa
1059:
1041:native state
1022:
1014:
1010:
1007:
975:
963:
932:
929:Roman Empire
926:
917:colonization
910:
905:
901:
876:that enjoys
866:protectorate
865:
863:
742:Middle power
669:Vassal state
663:Buffer state
661:
637:Puppet state
632:Protectorate
631:
608:Client state
598:Principality
424:Distributism
366:Presidential
244:Dictatorship
168:Gerontocracy
90:rule by many
63:
47:Part of the
11264:Colonialism
11155:Irredentism
11133:Development
11114:Trusteeship
11079:Direct rule
11052:Subordinacy
10863:subdivision
10706:Landskommun
10598:SavivaldybΔ
10464:Switzerland
10459:South Tyrol
10339:Viceroyalty
10132:Governorate
10090:Condominium
9993:Trade zone
9867:Market town
9862:Census town
9760:Proto-state
9732:Microregion
9297:County town
9292:County seat
9159:Half-canton
8348:Khwarezmian
8281:Carolingian
8086:Rashtrakuta
7790:Shaishunaga
7689:Hellenistic
7672:New Kingdom
7662:Old Kingdom
7517:Claude AugΓ©
6943:10125/20375
6447:John Murray
6254:: 151β162.
5935:(1): 1β26.
5637:(1945β1955)
5624:(1945β1949)
5611:(1941β1943)
5598:(1899β1956)
5558:Santa Maura
5468:Puerto Rico
5367:(1899β1915)
5354:(1899β1903)
5341:(1899β1901)
5319:(1915β1936)
5306:(1904β1939)
5293:(1904β1934)
5203:(1996β1998)
5190:(1962β1963)
5177:since 2008)
5158:(1992β1993)
5145:(1999β2002)
5103:(1669β1685)
5090:(1560β1590)
5077:(1569β1903)
5051:(1851β1899)
5014:(2020β2023)
5001:(2015β2022)
4988:(2015β2022)
4879:(1873β1920)
4866:(1873β1920)
4853:(1829β1856)
4800:(1807β1812)
4787:(1804β1810)
4774:(1783β1801)
4763:(1654β1764)
4743:(1515β1859)
4737:(1903β1910)
4726:Gaza Empire
4722:(1857β1914)
4695:(1462β1475)
4675:(1939β1945)
4662:(1932β1945)
4649:(1905β1910)
4503:(1939β1943)
4431:(1940β1943)
4384:(1895β1897)
4317:(1894β1920)
4213:World War I
4195:(1939β1945)
3996:(1923β1924)
3974:6 June 1884
3935:6 June 1884
3890:during the
3675:Upper Volta
3656:Dar al-Kuti
3602:direct rule
3576:(????-1949)
3492:(1667β1949)
3321:(1669β1905)
3267:(1822β1949)
3252:(182?β1949)
3246:(1819β1942)
3231:(1819β1949)
3219:(1787β1860)
3217:Banjarmasin
3192:(1860β1904)
3184:& Solor
3176:(1905β1942)
3144:(1843β1894)
3122:(1843β1906)
3116:(1843β1908)
3114:Karang Asem
3103:(1849β1882)
3097:(1843β1908)
3085:(1843β1908)
3079:(1843β1906)
3066:(1843β1908)
3044:(1682β1809)
2982:(1684β1819)
2969:(1682β1811)
2947:(1819β1911)
2945:Lingga-Riau
2922:(1904β1946)
2903:(1886β1946)
2897:(1833β1899)
2741:(1270β1356)
2683:Han dynasty
2662:(1909β1946)
2648:(1909β1946)
2634:(1909β1946)
2618:(1894β1909)
2585:(1897β1909)
2539:(1874β1895)
2525:(1874β1895)
2511:(1888β1895)
2495:(1886β1895)
2482:(1874β1888)
2430:(1888β1946)
2416:(1888β1984)
2402:(1888β1946)
2382:(1900β1970)
2368:(1900β1901)
2355:(1893β1978)
2344:(1892β1916)
2330:(1888β1893)
2319:(1877β1916)
2306:(1884β1888)
2285:(1882β1913)
2262:(1924β1964)
2248:(1922β1936)
2223:(1914β1922)
2210:(1901β1957)
2197:(1900β1914)
2186:(1903β1968)
2173:(1900β1914)
2138:(1895β1920)
2127:(1894β1962)
2100:(1890β1963)
2062:Barotseland
2050:(1885β1966)
2037:(1884β1960)
1791:Aden Colony
1679:South Yemen
1646:(1820β1971)
1631:(1936β1951)
1605:(1820β1971)
1592:(1952β1971)
1579:(1835β1971)
1566:(1820β1971)
1553:(1820β1971)
1441:(1845β1947)
1436:British Raj
1429:Afghanistan
1364:(1809β1862)
1238:(1828β1835)
1232:(1869β1876)
1226:(1899β1903)
1193:(1843β1851)
1180:(1820β1822)
1167:(1820β1821)
1154:(1817β1818)
1141:(1815β1820)
1120:microstates
937:Middle Ages
747:Great power
732:Small power
674:Viceroyalty
545:Nationalism
409:Colonialism
389:Libertarian
351:Directorial
228:rule by one
208:Technocracy
203:Stratocracy
183:Meritocracy
173:Kleptocracy
163:Aristocracy
11253:Categories
11233:Suzerainty
11175:Separatism
11150:Detachment
11140:Annexation
11031:Superstate
11026:Real union
10963:Devolution
10930:Federation
10872:Federalism
10654:Historical
10618:ShahrestΔn
10561:Autonomous
10309:Presidency
10257:Historical
10226:Suzerainty
10209:Autonomous
10053:Autonomous
9775:Free state
9765:City-state
9727:Mesoregion
9620:Prefecture
9347:Department
8918:Portuguese
8799:Revival Le
8789:Vietnamese
8432:Later Tran
8402:Vietnamese
8298:Singhasari
8286:Holy Roman
7910:Bulgarian
7846:Satavahana
7817:Phoenician
7753:Achaemenid
7714:Indo-Greek
7694:Macedonian
7608:Babylonian
7471:2020-12-24
7416:24 October
7100:24 October
7030:1887/73992
6910:0792329937
6883:9231027166
6811:2024-01-17
6787:2024-01-16
6763:2024-01-16
6758:rulers.org
6548:31 October
6523:2020-05-11
6178:24 October
6097:24 October
6024:24 October
5962:23 October
5908:23 October
5843:24 October
5800:24 October
5748:References
5550:Cephalonia
4923:See also:
4730:Mozambique
4550:Menelik II
4171:See also:
4052:Ari`i rahi
3828:Madagascar
3817:was under
3756:Mauritania
3641:Porto-Novo
3633:Porto-Novo
3547:New Guinea
3506:& Alor
3504:West Timor
3417:Balangnipa
3373:Malusetasi
2660:Terengganu
1884:Lower Yafa
1734:Upper Yafa
1349:South Asia
1002:See also:
971:annexation
882:suzerainty
752:Superpower
708:Superstate
703:Federation
698:Devolution
684:Federalism
525:City-state
198:Plutocracy
193:Particracy
57:government
11218:Home rule
11170:Secession
11165:Partition
10695:Landskap
10691:LÀn/LÀÀni
10645:Vingtaine
10613:SeniΕ«nija
10603:Selsoviet
10578:Poblacion
10515:Landskap
10445:Gemeinde
10436:Freguesia
10391:Apskritis
10314:Residency
10279:Exarchate
10221:Sultanate
10112:Eldership
10043:Bailiwick
9792:Territory
9742:Subregion
9487:in the US
9319:Viscounty
9246:Community
8911:Couronian
8549:Ethiopian
8537:Manchukuo
8492:Brazilian
8338:Ghaznavid
8308:Srivijaya
8259:Trebizond
8244:Byzantine
8226:North Sea
8221:Norwegian
8209:Almoravid
8192:Ilkhanate
8162:Majapahit
8135:Muromachi
8044:Solomonic
8029:Ethiopian
7943:Caliphate
7876:Aragonese
7704:Ptolemaic
7513:Paul AugΓ©
7345:0031-7837
7220:Jamestown
7149:155529950
7141:2374-5118
7047:156061334
7039:2159-9165
6324:0266-626X
6278:226175755
6270:2289-666X
6173:214425740
6165:0191-6599
6084:0368-4016
6019:162713931
6003:0021-8537
5957:148316956
5949:1527-8050
5903:0081-0606
5838:1052-2867
5795:1303-2925
5683:Protector
5273:Nicaragua
5036:Cape Juby
4673:Mengjiang
4660:Manchukuo
4571:Cirenaica
4537:, in the
4082:Mangareva
4033:, mainly
3866:by treaty
3810:in 1952.
3663:Bangassou
3455:Bontobatu
3436:Pambauang
3383:Sidenreng
3190:Larantuka
3064:Klungkung
2914:Pelalawan
2184:Swaziland
1551:Abu Dhabi
1267:Mosquitia
579:Unitarism
555:Globalism
461:Religious
449:Tribalism
439:Socialism
434:Feudalism
419:Despotism
414:Communism
404:Anarchism
341:Communist
288:Stateless
278:Anarchism
239:Despotism
223:Autocracy
213:Theocracy
178:Kritarchy
146:Oligarchy
131:Socialist
85:Democracy
11213:Hegemony
11196:Autonomy
11189:See also
11084:Dominion
10910:Federacy
10796:See also
10531:Maakunta
10526:LocalitΓ
10471:Gemeente
10431:Frazione
10401:Barangay
10231:Townland
10169:Precinct
10154:Muftiate
10105:District
10065:Cadastre
9877:Township
9655:Province
9546:(Canada)
9504:Division
9365:District
8891:Japanese
8854:Scottish
8834:American
8826:Colonial
8755:Imperial
8723:Moroccan
8659:Japanese
8637:Afsharid
8496:Burmese
8482:Austrian
8437:Later Le
8412:Early Le
8397:Venetian
8323:Tiwanaku
8236:Hellenic
8199:Moroccan
8130:Kamakura
8120:Japanese
8103:Saffarid
8056:Georgian
7970:Chalukya
7948:Rashidun
7938:Calakmul
7906:Bruneian
7785:Haryanka
7763:Sasanian
7758:Parthian
7709:Bactrian
7699:Seleucid
7679:Goguryeo
7657:Egyptian
7591:Assyrian
7581:Akkadian
7572:Colonies
7519:(1925).
7353:42634352
7173:25 April
6474:control.
6463:(1908).
5874:: 41β67.
5642:See also
5575:de facto
5529:and the
5396:and the
5325:De facto
5109:De facto
5088:Maldives
4973:Abkhazia
4932:de facto
4918:De facto
4907:Xinjiang
4531:Ethiopia
4299:Wituland
4285:and the
4259:Togoland
4090:`Akariki
4048:Otaheiti
3946:Cambodia
3871:Americas
3746:Tadjoura
3738:Djibouti
3736:Present
3685:Baghirmi
3459:Enrekang
3452:Batulapa
3439:Tapalang
3271:Sukadana
3101:Jembrana
3089:Buleleng
3042:Semarang
2632:Kelantan
2537:Selangor
2270:De facto
1908:Haushabi
1742:Al-Dhubi
1590:Fujairah
1434:Various
1254:Americas
1230:Paraguay
1204:Paraguay
1102:dynastic
1084:de facto
1054:de facto
1035:de facto
991:de facto
955:Typology
878:autonomy
627:Dominion
356:Legalist
336:Absolute
321:Republic
316:Monarchy
188:Noocracy
158:Anocracy
111:Economic
101:Demarchy
11145:Cession
11094:Mandate
10791:italics
10751:Satrapy
10736:Pargana
10661:Commote
10519:Finland
10499:Finland
10491:Kampong
10481:Hromada
10454:Germany
10449:Austria
10421:Comarca
10379:Current
10334:Tithing
10304:Monthon
10289:Hundred
10236:Village
10189:Regency
10184:Quarter
10117:Emirate
10085:Commune
10075:Circuit
10031:Current
9329:Country
9167:Capital
9130:Borough
8958:largest
8953:Empires
8933:Swedish
8928:Spanish
8923:Russian
8886:Italian
8861:Chinese
8849:English
8844:British
8839:Belgian
8814:Vietnam
8804:Tay son
8750:Tsarist
8745:Russian
8740:Ottoman
8706:Dzungar
8701:Khoshut
8674:Mexican
8669:Maratha
8652:Pahlavi
8632:Safavid
8627:Iranian
8554:Haitian
8517:Chinese
8477:Ashanti
8449:Wagadou
8375:Eastern
8370:Western
8353:Timurid
8313:Tibetan
8303:Songhai
8293:Serbian
8214:Almohad
8204:Idrisid
8108:Samanid
8098:Tahirid
8093:Iranian
8071:Kannauj
8051:Genoese
7987:Chinese
7980:Eastern
7975:Western
7963:Fatimid
7958:Abbasid
7953:Umayyad
7926:Burmese
7886:Ayyubid
7881:Angevin
7851:Xianbei
7839:Eastern
7834:Western
7780:Magadha
7743:Iranian
7736:Xiongnu
7721:Hittite
7630:Chinese
7618:Kassite
7567:Ancient
7559:Empires
7069:(CEEOL)
6742:(1): 27
6332:1801424
5703:Tribute
5175:de jure
4839:Ukraine
4835:Romania
4831:Moldova
4547:Emperor
4466:acceded
4429:Denmark
4402:Denmark
4247:Namibia
4065:Raiatea
4018:Oceania
3972:Vietnam
3860:Tunisia
3830:States
3815:Morocco
3796:Morocco
3731:Anjouan
3727:Comoros
3721:Senegal
3637:Cotonou
3627:Danhome
3606:Cercles
3423:Cenrana
3420:Binuang
3406:Tanette
3349:Banggai
3306:Celebes
3265:Sintang
3256:Sekadau
3155:Sumbawa
3120:Tabanan
3095:Gianyar
3008:(later
2980:Cirebon
2920:Siantar
2788:Sumatra
2317:Tokelau
2290:Oceania
2160:Nigeria
1980:Dathina
1896:Audhali
1848:Qutaibi
1815:Bir Ali
1754:Mawsata
1750:Maflahi
1746:Hadrami
1738:Al-Busi
1722:Qu'aiti
1698:Kathiri
1616:Sharjah
1494:Bahrain
1477:Bushire
1271:Miskito
1236:Uruguay
941:Andorra
923:History
890:de jure
769:Related
464:Secular
429:Fascism
266:Anarchy
256:Tyranny
116:Liberal
11069:Colony
10999:Empire
10977:Unions
10766:Syssel
10756:Socken
10724:Greece
10699:Sweden
10686:Korale
10681:KΓΆping
10676:KomunΓ«
10640:Tehsil
10556:Oblast
10504:Sweden
10426:Comune
10411:Bezirk
10406:Bashki
10396:Bakhsh
10269:Barony
10264:Agency
10241:Summer
10204:Sector
10199:Riding
10164:Parish
10137:Hamlet
10080:Colony
10070:Circle
10048:Banner
9687:Region
9269:County
9153:Canton
8896:Mongol
8881:German
8876:French
8866:Danish
8809:Dainam
8784:Tongan
8772:Somali
8767:Sokoto
8733:'Alawi
8711:Kalmyk
8691:Mongol
8684:Second
8664:Korean
8615:Mughal
8605:Indian
8588:German
8581:Second
8571:French
8564:Second
8500:Second
8472:Afghan
8464:Modern
8390:Kyrgyz
8385:Uighur
8380:Second
8360:Turkic
8328:Toltec
8264:Epirus
8249:Nicaea
8172:Mongol
8125:Yamato
8061:Huetar
7919:Second
7856:Rouran
7805:Shunga
7800:Maurya
7775:Kushan
7748:Median
7726:Hunnic
7684:Harsha
7501:
7435:
7407:
7351:
7343:
7147:
7139:
7074:3 July
7045:
7037:
6969:
6907:
6880:
6854:
6844:
6834:
6711:
6655:
6629:
6496:
6424:2 July
6391:2 July
6362:
6330:
6322:
6276:
6268:
6171:
6163:
6092:715150
6090:
6082:
6049:
6017:
6011:180113
6009:
6001:
5955:
5947:
5901:
5836:
5793:
5568:, and
5566:Cerigo
5562:Ithaca
5304:Panama
5246:Panama
5218:Panama
5173:(only
4892:(1914)
4815:Serbia
4514:Monaco
4449:Bhutan
4186:kronen
4154:Futuna
4139:Sigave
4118:Wallis
3981:Europe
3933:Tonkin
3775:Brakna
3715:Sarkin
3711:Zinder
3697:Guinea
3665:, 1894
3588:Africa
3496:Tidore
3432:Mamuju
3427:Majene
3376:Rapang
3238:Landak
3210:Borneo
3182:Flores
3142:Lombok
3128:Lombok
3083:Bangli
3077:Badung
2967:Banten
2739:Goryeo
2657:
2646:Perlis
2643:
2629:
2610:
2596:
2577:
2563:
2534:
2520:
2509:Pahang
2506:
2493:Jelebu
2466:
2452:
2425:
2414:Brunei
2411:
2377:
2339:
2301:
2257:
2243:
2095:
2059:
2032:
2002:Africa
1968:Aqrabi
1860:Fadhli
1832:Beihan
1819:Habban
1817:, and
1807:Balhaf
1752:, and
1657:
1531:
1491:
1481:Persia
1453:Bhutan
1450:
1426:
1412:
1387:
1373:
1278:Europe
1206:(1876)
1075:colony
1027:, the
945:France
913:colony
894:treaty
593:Empire
505:Global
136:Others
126:Social
106:Direct
10761:Subah
10746:Rreth
10741:PlasΔ
10731:Pagus
10719:Egypt
10715:Nome
10635:SΓ½sla
10628:China
10608:Sitio
10593:Raion
10583:Purok
10573:OstΔn
10568:Okrug
10546:Mukim
10541:Muban
10536:Megye
10486:JudeΘ
10476:Gmina
10329:Tenth
10299:March
10274:Burgh
10216:Shire
10147:Royal
10142:Manor
10100:Duchy
10060:Block
9752:State
8946:Lists
8901:Omani
8871:Dutch
8777:Isaaq
8728:Saadi
8696:Oirat
8679:First
8647:Qajar
8576:First
8559:First
8532:China
8505:Third
8365:First
8318:Tikal
8269:Morea
8239:Roman
8157:Latin
8152:Khmer
8147:Kanem
8113:Buyid
8039:Zagwe
8034:Aksum
8024:Chola
7931:First
7914:First
7901:Bornu
7896:Benin
7891:Aztec
7829:Roman
7810:Gupta
7795:Nanda
7731:White
7465:(PDF)
7450:(PDF)
7349:JSTOR
7145:S2CID
7043:S2CID
6732:(PDF)
6606:(PDF)
6542:(PDF)
6418:(PDF)
6411:(PDF)
6328:JSTOR
6274:S2CID
6169:S2CID
6088:JSTOR
6015:S2CID
6007:JSTOR
5953:S2CID
5868:(PDF)
5709:Notes
5570:Paxos
5554:Zante
5546:Corfu
5317:Haiti
5258:Haiti
5250:ColΓ³n
4911:China
4693:Kaffa
4625:Obbia
4567:Libya
4382:Gulmu
4369:Gando
4356:Nauru
4332:Samoa
4303:Kenya
4263:Ghana
4181:5000
4158:Alofi
4069:Tahaa
3929:Annam
3766:Adrar
3742:Obock
3703:Niger
3613:Benin
3471:Malua
3467:Maiwa
3449:Allah
3398:Barru
3202:Sikka
3174:Dompu
2901:Kuala
2767:Tibet
2616:Kulim
2613:Kedah
2599:Kedah
2580:Johor
2566:Johor
2523:Perak
2380:Tonga
1992:Shaib
1956:Alawi
1872:Lahej
1844:Dhala
1811:Azzan
1767:Hawra
1710:Mahra
1629:Kalba
1577:Dubai
1564:Ajman
1520:Qatar
1331:state
1328:Greek
1152:Chile
949:Spain
904:or a
892:by a
870:state
510:Local
10771:Zhou
10588:Qark
10324:Seat
10284:Hide
10248:Ward
9940:Zone
9914:Unit
9854:Town
9192:City
9093:Area
8716:Bogd
8642:Zand
8620:Sikh
8527:Qing
8522:Ming
8454:Wari
8422:Tran
8407:Dinh
8177:Yuan
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