37:
150:. A 2005 study proposed a modified NAPSI scale for persons with psoriasis and named the title of their publication "Modification of the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index". Then, in 2007, a study found that there was a high level of inter-rater variability of the 2003 NAPSI scale and proposed another index which was, like the 2005 article, a modification of the 2003 article, and was named modified NAPSI.
122:
separation of the nail from the underlying nail bed, often in thin streaks from the tip-edge to the cuticle; sharp peaked "roof-ridge" raised lines from cuticle to tip; or separation of superficial layers of the nail followed by loss of patches of these superficial layers, leaving thin red nails beneath; or nail pitting–punctate changes along the nail plate surface.
157:
121:
Psoriatic nails are characterized by a translucent discolouration in the nail bed that resembles a drop of oil beneath the nail plate. Early signs that may accompany the "oil drop" include thickening of the lateral edges of the nail bed with or without resultant flattening or concavity of the nail;
849:
Rigopoulos, D.; Gregoriou, S.; Daniel, III, C. R.; Belyayeva, H.; Larios, G.; Verra, P.; Stamou, C.; Kontochristopoulos, G.; Avgerinou, G.; Katsambas, A. (2009). "Treatment of Nail
Psoriasis with a Two-Compound Formulation of Calcipotriol plus Betamethasone Dipropionate Ointment".
529:
Cassell, S.; Bieber, J.; Rich, P.; Tutuncu, Z.; Lee, S.; Kalunian, K.; Wu, C.; Kavanaugh, A. (2007). "The modified Nail
Psoriasis Severity Index: Validation of an instrument to assess psoriatic nail involvement in patients with psoriatic arthritis".
920:
Rigopoulos, D.; Gregoriou, S.; Stratigos, A.; Larios, G.; Korfitis, C.; Papaioannou, D.; Antoniou, C.; Ioannides, D. (2008). "Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of infliximab on psoriatic nails: An unblinded, nonrandomized, open-label study".
254:
Results from low-dose acitretin therapy show NAPSI score reductions comparable with those studies evaluating biologic drugs for nail psoriasis and suggest that low-dose systemic acitretin should be considered in the treatment of nail
176:
There exist numerous treatments for nail psoriasis but there is little information concerning their effectiveness and safety. Treatments include topical, intralesional, radiation, systemic, and combination therapies.
1264:
138:
The Nail
Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) is a numeric, reproducible, objective, simple tool for evaluation of nail psoriasis. It evaluates several signs separately, each on a 1–3 scale: pitting,
646:
Jiaravuthisan, M. M.; Sasseville, D.; Vender, R. B.; Murphy, F.; Muhn, C. Y. (2007). "Psoriasis of the nail: Anatomy, pathology, clinical presentation, and a review of the literature on therapy".
557:
Cannavò, S. P.; Guarneri, F.; Vaccaro, M.; Borgia, F.; Guarneri, B. (2003). "Treatment of
Psoriatic Nails with Topical Cyclosporin: A Prospective, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study".
1765:
1643:
1638:
1359:
1317:
2785:
1889:
1728:
2795:
1456:
1145:
de Vries, Anna
Christa Q; Bogaards, Nathalie A; Hooft, Lotty; Velema, Marieke; Pasch, Marcel; Lebwohl, Mark; Spuls, Phyllis I (2013-01-31).
600:
Kaçar, N.; Ergin, Ş.; Erdo?an, B. (2007). "The comparison of Nail
Psoriasis Severity Index with a less time-consuming qualitative system".
3132:
1758:
1097:
373:
Kouskoukis, C.; Scher, R.; Ackerman, A. (1983). "The "oil drop" sign of psoriatic nails. A clinical finding specific for psoriasis".
2790:
2210:
1703:
1051:
Velema, Marieke; Hooft, Lotty; Lebwohl, Mark; Spuls, Phyllis I (2009). Spuls, Phyllis I (ed.). "Interventions for nail psoriasis".
765:
Fiallo, P. (2009). "Yellow nails as an adverse reaction to the topical use of 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of nail psoriasis".
247:
As of April 2009, an assessment of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of the treatments for nail psoriasis is in progress.
2770:
1310:
2311:
1751:
810:"Calcipotriol used as monotherapy or combination therapy with betamethasone dipropionate in the treatment of nail psoriasis"
2747:
2628:
2316:
2296:
2265:
2488:
2235:
1655:
2752:
2511:
2301:
2291:
1303:
360:
153:
A 2008 study found that
Cannavo's qualitative system correlated with NAPSI (p<0.001) and is less time-consuming.
1369:
2910:
2623:
1460:
972:
for "A Study of the Safety and
Efficacy of Golimumab in Patients With Active Psoriatic Arthritis (GO-REVEAL)" at
259:
A 2013 meta-analysis showed improvement of nail psoriasis with infliximab, golimumab, superficial radiotherapy,
1934:
1708:
1698:
1626:
1351:
1343:
893:
Lamerson, C.; Stevens, G.; Sax, K. (2008). "Treatment of nail psoriasis with efalizumab: A preliminary study".
681:
Balbás, G. M.; Regaña, M. S.; Millet, P. U. (2009). "Tacalcitol ointment for the treatment of nail psoriasis".
2900:
2560:
1197:
986:
459:
Rich, P.; Scher, R. (2003). "Nail
Psoriasis Severity Index: A useful tool for evaluation of nail psoriasis".
2813:
2718:
1693:
1479:
1384:
1232:
for "Dose
Response and Safety Study of Topical Methotrexate for the Treatment of Fingernail Psoriasis" at
1024:
Saleem, K.; Azim, W. (2008). "Treatment of nail psoriasis with a modified regimen of steroid injections".
494:
Parrish, CA; Sobera, JO; Elewski, BE (October 2005). "Modification of the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index".
2585:
3047:
3015:
2843:
2328:
2260:
2069:
1929:
1924:
1660:
1616:
1574:
1485:
1471:
1379:
271:. Although systemic therapies have been shown to be beneficial, they may have serious adverse effects.
208:
1146:
3037:
2730:
2029:
1959:
1688:
1599:
1430:
184:
ointment obtains a significant improvement in all nail parameters, both of the matrix and of the bed.
2942:
2926:
2742:
2600:
1589:
1514:
143:
3089:
3042:
2920:
2853:
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2117:
2039:
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2550:
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2240:
1994:
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1579:
1489:
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1415:
1410:
1355:
67:
3107:
3022:
2885:
2838:
2780:
2683:
2570:
2333:
2205:
2084:
1939:
1611:
1584:
1557:
1524:
726:"Nail psoriasis: A combined treatment with 8 clobetasol nail lacquer and tacalcitol ointment"
130:
The causes of nail psoriasis are unknown. It has been suggested that fungi may play a role.
2990:
2931:
2695:
2200:
2182:
2177:
2137:
1810:
1723:
1562:
244:
Available studies lack sufficient power to extrapolate a standardized therapeutic regimen.
8:
2972:
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2874:
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2172:
2151:
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110:
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875:
790:
706:
625:
582:
441:
272:
472:
408:
Szepietowski, C.; Salomon, J. (Nov 2007). "Do fungi play a role in psoriatic nails?".
3027:
2995:
2947:
2833:
2823:
2673:
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2518:
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2215:
2192:
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2019:
1420:
1400:
1373:
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902:
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663:
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574:
539:
511:
476:
433:
425:
421:
390:
386:
356:
109:, with reported incidences varying from 10% to 78%. Elderly patients and those with
49:
1126:
879:
794:
629:
586:
445:
2905:
2869:
2605:
2187:
2132:
2079:
2034:
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859:
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468:
417:
382:
1228:
1210:
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2575:
2453:
2391:
2367:
2127:
2064:
2024:
1979:
1805:
1792:
1683:
251:
Infliximab appears to be the most effective treatment for nail psoriasis to date.
139:
3005:
2985:
2864:
2775:
2662:
2638:
2580:
2555:
2478:
2463:
2443:
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1775:
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193:
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3126:
3084:
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2157:
2004:
1999:
1984:
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1964:
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429:
260:
165:
1110:
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2713:
2705:
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2405:
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2044:
1989:
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1909:
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1854:
1846:
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1118:
1078:
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332:
314:
230:
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199:
102:
826:
809:
394:
2848:
2533:
2473:
2049:
2014:
2009:
1969:
1894:
1828:
1815:
147:
1256:
987:"Severe 20-nail psoriasis successfully treated by low dose methotrexate"
3059:
2879:
2800:
2523:
2421:
1867:
1820:
1797:
1501:
1167:
1069:
1002:
848:
293:
264:
219:
214:
187:
181:
156:
1214:
for "Effects of Etanercept on Nail Psoriasis and Plaque Psoriasis" at
863:
570:
3079:
2538:
2483:
2426:
2416:
2283:
2122:
2103:
1914:
1859:
1334:
723:
327:
300:
224:
106:
3071:
2980:
2895:
2543:
2438:
2433:
2142:
2108:
1904:
645:
919:
2498:
268:
36:
1268:
1095:
Noiles, K.; Vender, R. (2009). "Nail psoriasis and biologics".
730:
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
724:
Snchez Regaa, M.; Mrquez Balbs, G.; Umbert Millet, P. (2008).
602:
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
275:
treatments have not been well studied but may be beneficial.
556:
493:
2653:
1144:
160:
Onycholysis: Separation of the nail plate from the nail bed
1026:
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan
808:
Tzung, T.; Chen, C.; Yang, C.; Lo, P.; Chen, Y. (2008).
528:
1050:
372:
239:
351:
James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005).
283:
Active clinical trials investigating nail psoriasis:
1246:
962:
960:
1360:(von Zumbusch) acute generalized pustular psoriasis
641:
639:
407:
353:
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology
892:
680:
2786:Disseminate and recurrent infundibulofolliculitis
957:
599:
3124:
1773:
636:
1890:Congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers
1729:Lichenoid reaction of graft-versus-host disease
807:
895:Cutis; Cutaneous Medicine for the Practitioner
648:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
496:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
461:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
2796:Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli
1759:
1457:Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta
1311:
1090:
1088:
1325:
1094:
1766:
1752:
1318:
1304:
1085:
1023:
35:
1166:
1098:Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
1068:
825:
741:
458:
196:. A reported side-effect is yellow nails
113:are more likely to have psoriatic nails.
2791:Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp
2211:Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia
1704:Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation
375:The American Journal of Dermatopathology
155:
1151:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3125:
2771:Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex
764:
345:
235:Intralesional corticosteroid injection
1747:
1299:
1140:
1138:
1136:
164:There is a risk of misdiagnosis with
2810:Intermittent hair–follicle dystrophy
313:Dose response and safety of topical
240:Relative effectiveness of treatments
190:nail lacquer and tacalcitol ointment
2748:Recurrent palmoplantar hidradenitis
2629:Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma
2266:Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis
985:Lee, Julia Yu-Yun (November 2009).
984:
767:Journal of Dermatological Treatment
683:Journal of Dermatological Treatment
13:
2489:Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei
2236:Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp
1656:Hepatitis-associated lichen planus
1147:"Interventions for nail psoriasis"
1133:
88:10% to 78% of those with psoriasis
14:
3144:
3133:Conditions of the skin appendages
2753:Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis
2512:Granulomatous perioral dermatitis
1242:
1370:Pustulosis palmaris et plantaris
935:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08686.x
743:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02679.x
614:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02389.x
502:(4): 745–6, author reply 746–7.
422:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2007.01405.x
387:10.1097/00000372-198306000-00012
2911:Traumatic anserine folliculosis
2624:Granulomatous facial dermatitis
1461:Pityriasis lichenoides chronica
1220:
1202:
1191:
1044:
1017:
978:
913:
886:
842:
801:
758:
717:
674:
1935:Malalignment of the nail plate
1709:Keratosis lichenoides chronica
1699:Erythema dyschromicum perstans
1352:Generalized pustular psoriasis
1159:10.1002/14651858.CD007633.pub2
923:British Journal of Dermatology
593:
550:
522:
487:
452:
401:
366:
105:. It is common in those with
1:
2561:Erythrotelangiectatic rosacea
473:10.1067/S0190-9622(03)00910-1
338:
2814:Keratosis pilaris atropicans
2719:Folliculitis nares perforans
1480:Xanthoerythrodermia perstans
1385:Localized pustular psoriasis
171:
133:
7:
2586:Persistent edema of rosacea
532:The Journal of Rheumatology
321:
307:
286:
278:
116:
10:
3149:
3016:Postmiliarial hypohidrosis
2844:Menkes kinky hair syndrome
2261:Frontal fibrosing alopecia
2070:Staining of the nail plate
1930:Longitudinal erythronychia
1925:Lichen planus of the nails
1661:Lichen planus pemphigoides
1486:Large plaque parapsoriasis
1472:Small plaque parapsoriasis
1380:Annular pustular psoriasis
1288:Nail psoriasis at Medscape
991:Dermatology Online Journal
814:Acta Dermato-Venereologica
660:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.07.073
508:10.1016/j.jaad.2004.11.044
209:betamethasone dipropionate
3098:
3070:
2971:
2960:
2901:Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
2763:
2731:Pseudofolliculitis barbae
2704:
2651:
2616:
2497:
2353:
2342:
2274:
2102:
2093:
2030:Pterygium inversum unguis
1782:
1689:Lichen ruber moniliformis
1671:
1543:
1533:
1499:
1443:
1431:Seborrheic-like psoriasis
1393:
1342:
1333:
1250:
1061:10.1002/14651858.CD007633
779:10.1080/09546630902773494
695:10.1080/09546630902787585
125:
95:Psoriatic onychodystrophy
84:
76:
66:
58:
48:
44:Psoriasis of the toenails
43:
34:
26:
22:Psoriatic onychodystrophy
21:
2943:Uncombable hair syndrome
2927:Trichorrhexis invaginata
2743:Hidradenitis suppurativa
2601:Periorificial dermatitis
1694:Gianotti–Crosti syndrome
1644:with lupus erythematosis
1515:Pityriasis rubra pilaris
1327:Papulosquamous disorders
355:. (10th ed.). Saunders.
144:subungual hyperkeratosis
2921:Trichomycosis axillaris
2854:Parakeratosis pustulosa
2373:Acne miliaris necrotica
2154:(male-pattern baldness)
2118:noncicatricial alopecia
2040:Purpura of the nail bed
1111:10.2310/7750.2008.08012
2938:Trichostasis spinulosa
2634:Periorbital dermatitis
2551:Papulopustular rosacea
2469:Acne with facial edema
2459:Acne keloidalis nuchae
2246:Folliculitis decalvans
2241:Graham-Little syndrome
1995:Onychoptosis defluvium
1490:Retiform parapsoriasis
1467:Lymphomatoid papulosis
1453:Pityriasis lichenoides
1416:Drug-induced psoriasis
1411:Psoriatic erythroderma
1356:Impetigo herpetiformis
1226:Clinical trial number
1208:Clinical trial number
966:Clinical trial number
161:
80:Medications, radiation
68:Differential diagnosis
3108:Sebaceous hyperplasia
3023:Granulosis rubra nasi
2886:Pityriasis amiantacea
2839:Loose anagen syndrome
2781:Bubble hair deformity
2571:Gram-negative rosacea
2334:Nevoid hypertrichosis
2206:Pseudopelade of Brocq
2085:Twenty-nail dystrophy
1960:Nail–patella syndrome
1940:Median nail dystrophy
1639:with lichen sclerosus
1525:Pityriasis amiantacea
827:10.2340/00015555-0401
159:
2991:Miliaria crystalline
2932:Trichorrhexis nodosa
2201:cicatricial alopecia
2183:Alopecia neoplastica
2178:Trichorrhexis nodosa
1811:Yellow nail syndrome
1724:Lichenoid dermatitis
3090:Fox–Fordyce disease
2875:Pili pseudoannulati
2829:Lichen planopilaris
2806:Hair follicle nevus
2724:Tufted folliculitis
2507:Perioral dermatitis
2256:Triangular alopecia
2173:Lichen planopilaris
2152:Androgenic alopecia
2060:Splinter hemorrhage
2055:Shell nail syndrome
1900:Half and half nails
1476:Digitate dermatosis
1406:Psoriatic arthritis
111:psoriatic arthritis
3011:Occlusion miliaria
3001:Miliaria pustulosa
2891:Plica neuropathica
2591:Rosacea conglobata
2402:Acne medicamentosa
2221:Traumatic alopecia
2075:Subungual hematoma
1520:Pityriasis rotunda
1234:ClinicalTrials.gov
1216:ClinicalTrials.gov
1198:clinicaltrials.gov
1003:10.5070/D32XF4V4PW
974:ClinicalTrials.gov
162:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3115:
2996:Miliaria profunda
2956:
2955:
2948:Woolly hair nevus
2834:Lichen spinulosus
2674:Trichilemmal cyst
2647:
2646:
2566:Glandular rosacea
2519:Phymatous rosacea
2449:Occupational acne
2231:Hot comb alopecia
2216:Pressure alopecia
2193:Alopecia mucinosa
2168:Traction alopecia
2163:Telogen effluvium
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1439:
1438:
1421:Inverse psoriasis
1401:Guttate psoriasis
1374:Pustular bacterid
1283:
1282:
864:10.1159/000202179
571:10.1159/000068469
92:
91:
16:Medical condition
3140:
2969:
2968:
2906:Setleis syndrome
2870:Pili multigemini
2606:Pyoderma faciale
2351:
2350:
2188:Anagen effluvium
2100:
2099:
2035:Pterygium unguis
1955:Muehrcke's lines
1842:Onychotillomania
1768:
1761:
1754:
1745:
1744:
1719:Lichen sclerosus
1714:Kraurosis vulvae
1634:overlap synromes
1541:
1540:
1510:Pityriasis rosea
1426:Napkin psoriasis
1340:
1339:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1297:
1296:
1248:
1247:
1236:
1224:
1218:
1206:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1170:
1142:
1131:
1130:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1072:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1021:
1015:
1014:
982:
976:
964:
955:
954:
917:
911:
910:
890:
884:
883:
846:
840:
839:
829:
805:
799:
798:
762:
756:
755:
745:
721:
715:
714:
678:
672:
671:
643:
634:
633:
597:
591:
590:
554:
548:
547:
526:
520:
519:
491:
485:
484:
456:
450:
449:
405:
399:
398:
370:
364:
349:
39:
19:
18:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3112:
3094:
3066:
2963:
2952:
2925:Trichorrhexis (
2759:
2700:
2669:Epidermoid cyst
2643:
2612:
2576:Steroid rosacea
2493:
2454:Acne aestivalis
2392:Excoriated acne
2368:Acne conglobata
2345:
2338:
2270:
2107:
2089:
2065:Spotted lunulae
2025:Psoriatic nails
1980:Onychomatricoma
1793:Onychogryphosis
1778:
1776:skin appendages
1772:
1742:
1733:
1684:Lichen striatus
1667:
1529:
1495:
1435:
1389:
1329:
1324:
1293:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1259:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1225:
1221:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1192:
1153:(1): CD007633.
1143:
1134:
1093:
1086:
1055:(1): CD007633.
1049:
1045:
1022:
1018:
983:
979:
965:
958:
918:
914:
891:
887:
847:
843:
806:
802:
763:
759:
722:
718:
679:
675:
644:
637:
598:
594:
555:
551:
527:
523:
492:
488:
457:
453:
406:
402:
371:
367:
350:
346:
341:
324:
310:
289:
281:
242:
174:
136:
128:
119:
99:psoriatic nails
30:Psoriatic nails
17:
12:
11:
5:
3146:
3136:
3135:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3030:
3028:Ross' syndrome
3025:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3006:Miliaria rubra
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2986:Colloid milium
2977:
2975:
2966:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2865:Pili bifurcati
2862:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2824:Koenen's tumor
2821:
2816:
2811:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2776:Acroosteolysis
2773:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2710:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2680:Steatocystoma
2678:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2663:Sebaceous cyst
2658:
2656:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2639:SAPHO syndrome
2636:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2581:Ocular rosacea
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2556:Lupoid rosacea
2553:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2503:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2479:Acne necrotica
2476:
2471:
2466:
2464:Acne mechanica
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2444:Acne cosmetica
2441:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2409:
2399:
2397:Acne fulminans
2394:
2389:
2383:Infantile acne
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2359:
2357:
2348:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2276:Hypertrichosis
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2226:Tumor alopecia
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2113:
2111:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2020:Plummer's nail
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1748:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1679:Lichen nitidus
1675:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1549:
1547:
1538:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1483:
1469:
1464:
1449:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1366:Acropustulosis
1363:
1348:
1346:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:Classification
1244:
1243:External links
1241:
1238:
1237:
1219:
1201:
1190:
1132:
1084:
1043:
1016:
977:
956:
929:(2): 453–456.
912:
901:(3): 217–220.
885:
858:(4): 338–341.
841:
820:(3): 279–280.
800:
773:(5): 299–301.
757:
736:(8): 963–969.
716:
689:(5): 308–310.
673:
635:
592:
565:(2): 153–156.
549:
538:(1): 123–129.
521:
486:
467:(2): 206–212.
451:
416:(6): 437–442.
400:
381:(3): 259–262.
365:
343:
342:
340:
337:
336:
335:
330:
323:
320:
319:
318:
309:
306:
305:
304:
297:
288:
285:
280:
277:
257:
256:
252:
241:
238:
237:
236:
233:
227:
222:
217:
212:
202:
197:
194:5-fluorouracil
191:
185:
173:
170:
135:
132:
127:
124:
118:
115:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
70:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
52:
46:
45:
41:
40:
32:
31:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3145:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3085:Chromhidrosis
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3033:Hyperhidrosis
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2959:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2860:Pili annulati
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2650:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2529:Blepharophyma
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2387:Neonatal acne
2384:
2381:
2379:
2378:Tropical acne
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2363:Acne vulgaris
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2158:Hypotrichosis
2156:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2080:Terry's nails
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2005:Onychoschizia
2003:
2001:
2000:Onychorrhexis
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1985:Onychomycosis
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1975:Onychomadesis
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1965:Onychoatrophy
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:Nail clubbing
1832:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1774:Disorders of
1769:
1764:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1553:configuration
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1545:Lichen planus
1542:
1539:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1498:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1445:Parapsoriasis
1442:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1199:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1089:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
981:
975:
971:
970:
963:
961:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
916:
908:
904:
900:
896:
889:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
845:
837:
833:
828:
823:
819:
815:
811:
804:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
761:
753:
749:
744:
739:
735:
731:
727:
720:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
677:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
642:
640:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
608:(2): 219–22.
607:
603:
596:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
553:
545:
541:
537:
533:
525:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
490:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
455:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
404:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
369:
362:
361:0-7216-2921-0
358:
354:
348:
344:
334:
331:
329:
326:
325:
316:
312:
311:
302:
298:
295:
291:
290:
284:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
261:electron beam
253:
250:
249:
248:
245:
234:
232:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
210:
206:
203:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
178:
169:
167:
166:onychomycosis
158:
154:
151:
149:
145:
141:
131:
123:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:Onychomycosis
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
51:
47:
42:
38:
33:
29:
25:
20:
3055:Hypohidrosis
3048:Palmoplantar
2916:Trichomegaly
2819:Kinking hair
2738:Hidradenitis
2714:Folliculitis
2706:Inflammation
2595:
2412:Halogen acne
2406:steroid acne
2252:
2199:
2116:
2045:Racquet nail
2015:Pincer nails
1990:Onychophosis
1950:Melanonychia
1920:Ingrown nail
1910:Hapalonychia
1885:Chevron nail
1855:Ingrown nail
1847:Onychophagia
1821:Azure lunula
1806:Beau's lines
1650:
1633:
1627:Vulvovaginal
1622:Peno-ginival
1606:
1575:Hypertrophic
1569:
1552:
1292:
1263:
1227:
1222:
1209:
1204:
1193:
1150:
1102:
1096:
1052:
1046:
1032:(2): 78–81.
1029:
1025:
1019:
994:
990:
980:
967:
926:
922:
915:
898:
894:
888:
855:
851:
844:
817:
813:
803:
770:
766:
760:
733:
729:
719:
686:
682:
676:
651:
647:
605:
601:
595:
562:
558:
552:
535:
531:
524:
499:
495:
489:
464:
460:
454:
413:
409:
403:
378:
374:
368:
352:
347:
333:Nail disease
315:Methotrexate
282:
267:compared to
258:
246:
243:
231:methotrexate
205:Calcipotriol
200:Calcipotriol
175:
163:
152:
140:Beau's lines
137:
129:
120:
103:nail disease
98:
94:
93:
3038:Generalized
2849:Monilethrix
2652:Follicular
2534:Gnathophyma
2474:Pomade acne
2329:Prepubertal
2312:generalised
2308:Congenital
2297:generalised
2138:universalis
2050:Red lunulae
2010:Platonychia
1970:Onycholysis
1945:Mees' lines
1895:Green nails
1866:ungrouped:
1829:Koilonychia
1816:Leukonychia
1791:thickness:
1229:NCT00666354
1211:NCT00581100
1168:2066/118676
1070:2066/118676
969:NCT00265096
852:Dermatology
654:(1): 1–27.
559:Dermatology
299:Effects of
292:Effects of
148:onycholysis
54:Dermatology
27:Other names
3060:Anhidrosis
2880:Pili torti
2801:Hair casts
2524:Rhinophyma
2422:Bromoderma
2253:ungrouped:
1868:Paronychia
1840:behavior:
1798:Onychauxis
1590:Ulcerative
1570:morphology
1502:pityriasis
1105:(1): 1–5.
339:References
294:Etanercept
265:grenz rays
255:psoriasis.
220:Infliximab
215:Efalizumab
188:Clobetasol
182:Tacalcitol
3100:Sebaceous
3080:Body odor
3043:Gustatory
2764:Ungrouped
2689:multiplex
2617:Ungrouped
2539:Metophyma
2484:Blackhead
2427:Chloracne
2417:Iododerma
2344:Acneiform
2317:localised
2302:patterned
2292:localised
2288:Acquired
2284:Hirsutism
2104:Hair loss
1915:Hook nail
1860:Anonychia
1600:Pigmented
1536:lichenoid
1335:Psoriasis
1177:1465-1858
1053:Protocols
997:(11): 8.
951:205257408
711:208249471
430:0933-7407
328:Psoriasis
301:Golimumab
229:Low dose
225:Golimumab
211:ointment.
172:Treatment
134:Diagnosis
107:psoriasis
85:Frequency
77:Treatment
62:Psoriasis
50:Specialty
3127:Category
3072:Apocrine
2981:Miliaria
2896:Poliosis
2596:variants
2544:Otophyma
2439:Tar acne
2434:Oil acne
2346:eruption
2322:X-linked
2143:Ophiasis
2123:Alopecia
2109:Baldness
1905:Hangnail
1580:Atrophic
1344:Pustular
1185:23440816
1127:26612674
1119:19298765
1079:23440816
1038:18454890
1011:19951644
943:18565184
907:18856162
880:36470967
872:19212110
836:18480933
795:42262387
787:19363737
752:18410337
703:19367480
668:17572277
630:41847018
622:18211416
587:20866096
579:12592084
544:17216680
516:16198816
481:12894066
446:37127086
438:17944702
322:See also
308:Phase II
287:Phase IV
279:Research
117:Symptoms
2973:Eccrine
2684:simplex
2499:Rosacea
2404:(e.g.,
2133:totalis
1878:Chronic
1853:other:
1827:shape:
1804:color:
1612:Mucosal
1595:Actinic
1585:Bullous
1558:Annular
410:Mycoses
395:6625117
273:Topical
269:placebo
2964:glands
2858:Pili (
2128:areata
1651:other:
1563:Linear
1534:Other
1500:Other
1183:
1175:
1125:
1117:
1077:
1036:
1009:
949:
941:
905:
878:
870:
834:
793:
785:
750:
709:
701:
666:
628:
620:
585:
577:
542:
514:
479:
444:
436:
428:
393:
359:
263:, and
126:Causes
59:Causes
2962:Sweat
2696:Milia
2654:cysts
1873:Acute
1672:Other
1617:Nails
1394:Other
1274:L62.8
1123:S2CID
947:S2CID
876:S2CID
791:S2CID
707:S2CID
626:S2CID
583:S2CID
442:S2CID
207:plus
101:is a
2355:Acne
2095:Hair
1784:Nail
1607:site
1181:PMID
1173:ISSN
1115:PMID
1075:PMID
1034:PMID
1007:PMID
939:PMID
903:PMID
868:PMID
832:PMID
783:PMID
748:PMID
699:PMID
664:PMID
618:PMID
575:PMID
540:PMID
512:PMID
477:PMID
434:PMID
426:ISSN
391:PMID
357:ISBN
146:and
1358:) (
1265:ICD
1163:hdl
1155:doi
1107:doi
1065:hdl
1057:doi
999:doi
931:doi
927:159
860:doi
856:218
822:doi
775:doi
738:doi
691:doi
656:doi
610:doi
567:doi
563:206
504:doi
469:doi
418:doi
383:doi
97:or
3129::
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1478:,
1459:,
1272::
1269:10
1179:.
1171:.
1161:.
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1135:^
1121:.
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1103:13
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1087:^
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1063:.
1030:18
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995:15
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959:^
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412:.
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296:.
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