Ptolemy VI Philometor

40: 1957: 1779: 1607: 1886: 1943:, Egypt and Syria were united. However, Ptolemy VI had been wounded in the battle and he died three days later. By late 145, Demetrius II had expelled all Ptolemaic troops from Syria and reasserted Seleucid control by leading his own forces all the way down to the Egyptian border. Ptolemy VI seems to have intended for his seven-year-old son, also named Ptolemy, to succeed him, but instead the Alexandrians invited Ptolemy VIII to assume the throne. Young Ptolemy was eventually eliminated by his uncle, apparently only after 143 BC, when he served as eponymous priest, and perhaps as late as 132/1 BC. 1682:, Ptolemy VI went out to meet him. They negotiated an agreement of friendship, which in effect reduced Ptolemy VI to a Seleucid client. When news of the agreement reached Alexandria, the people of the city rioted. Comanus and Cineas rejected the agreement and Ptolemy VI's authority, declaring Ptolemy VIII the sole king (Cleopatra II's position remained unchanged). Antiochus IV responded by placing Alexandria under siege, but he was unable to take the city and withdrew from Egypt in September 169 BC, as winter approached, leaving Ptolemy VI as his puppet king in 2179: 1501: 2222: 1859: 2071: 1759:. This may have been done at the instigation of a pair of Roman agents present in Alexandria at the time. Egypt fell under the joint rule of Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II; they were mentioned together in all official documents. This system of co-rule, which would be the norm for most of the rest of the Ptolemaic dynasty, was inaugurated by an amnesty decree and a royal visit to Memphis to celebrate the Egyptian new year festival. 1768: 1287: 1207: 1129: 1044: 999: 909: 864: 776: 731: 643: 269: 1690:

time in the spring of 168 BC. Officially, this invasion was presented as an effort to restore Ptolemy VI's position against his younger brother. Antiochus IV quickly occupied Memphis, where he was crowned king of Egypt, and advanced on Alexandria. However, the Ptolemies had appealed to Rome for help over the winter; a Roman embassy led by

1488:, despite substantial Roman intervention in Ptolemy VIII's favour. By supporting a series of rival claimants for the Seleucid throne, Ptolemy VI helped instigate a civil war which would continue for generations and eventually consume the Seleucid dynasty. In 145 BC, Ptolemy VI invaded Seleucid Syria and won a total victory at the 2050:, and to establish a temple with Onias as High Priest. The place is still known as Tell al-Jahudija (Hill of the Jews) today. Onias was also granted an important military position and his family became prominent members of the royal court. In Alexandria the Jews had their own quarter of the city with its own 2029:

in 311 BC. By Ptolemy VI's reign, Jews had long been incorporated into the Ptolemaic army, and they enjoyed various privileges comparable to those possessed by Greeks and Macedonians in Egypt. A large group of new Jewish immigrants arrived in Egypt in the 160s BC, fleeing civil conflict with the

1646:

In October 170 BC, Ptolemy VIII was promoted to the status of co-regent alongside his brother and sister. The current year was declared the first year of a new era. John Grainger argues that the two brothers had become the figureheads for separate factions at court and that these ceremonies were

1573:

Ptolemy VI, who was only six years old, was immediately crowned king, with his mother Cleopatra I as co-regent. In documents from this period, Cleopatra I is named before Ptolemy VI and coins were minted under the joint authority of her and her son. In the face of continued agitation for war with the

1741:

Late in 164 BC, probably not long after Ptolemy VI had returned from the south, Ptolemy VIII, who was now about twenty years old, somehow expelled Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II from power – the exact course of events is not known. Ptolemy VI fled to Rome for help, traveling with only a eunuch and

1931:

and Hierax, surrendered the city to Ptolemy and crowned him king of Asia. For a short period, documents referred to him as King of Egypt and Asia, and he initiated a double regnal count, with his Egyptian Year 36 = his Syrian Year 1. However, fearing that a unification of the Ptolemaic and Seleucid

1825:

In 154 BC, after surviving an assassination attempt which he blamed on his brother, Ptolemy VIII again appealed for assistance against Ptolemy VI to the Roman Senate. The Senate agreed to send a second embassy led by Gnaeus Cornelius Merula and Lucius Minucius Thermus, equipped with troops, in

1577:

Ptolemy VI was still too young to rule on his own. On her deathbed, Cleopatra I appointed Eulaeus and Lenaeus, two of her close associates, as regents. Eulaeus, a eunuch who had been Ptolemy VI's tutor, was the more senior of the two, even minting coinage in his own name. Lenaeus was a Syrian slave

1845:

as heir. The young prince was made priest of Alexander and the royal cult in 158 BC, when he was only eight years old. At age fourteen, in spring 152 BC, Ptolemy Eupator was promoted to full co-regent alongside his parents, but he died in autumn of the same year. This left the succession very

1689:

Within two months, Ptolemy VI had reconciled with Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra II and returned to Alexandria. The restored government repudiated the agreement that Ptolemy VI had made with Antiochus IV, and began to recruit new troops from Greece. In response, Antiochus IV invaded Egypt for a second

2114:

region in 157 BC. Decorations on the first pylon of the Temple of Isis at Philae emphasise the Ptolemaic claim to rule the whole of Nubia. The aforementioned inscription regarding the priests of Mandulis shows that some Nubian leaders at least were paying tribute to the Ptolemaic treasury in

1806:

were sent as envoys to force Ptolemy VI to concede this, but he procrastinated and obfuscated. On their return to Rome at the end of 162 BC, they convinced the Senate to abandon their alliance with Ptolemy VI and to grant Ptolemy VIII permission to use force to take control of Cyprus. The Senate

1581:

Eulaeus and Lenaeus sought to reinforce their authority by augmenting the dignity of Ptolemy VI. In early 175 BC, they arranged his marriage to his sister Cleopatra II. Brother-sister marriage was traditional in the Ptolemaic dynasty and was probably adopted in imitation of earlier Egyptian

1714:

and announced to the people of Alexandria that Ptolemy VI was plotting to assassinate Ptolemy VIII. Ptolemy VI managed to convince his younger brother that the charges were untrue and the two kings appeared together in the stadium, defusing the crisis. Dionysius fled the city and convinced some

1877:

as a landing base for him. He argues that Alexander's chancellor Ammonius should be seen as a Ptolemaic agent. There is however no explicit evidence for this, and Boris Chrubasik presents Alexander's initial successes as accomplished without any Ptolemaic involvement, and challenges the

1559:

of 182 BC. The defeat in the Fifth Syrian War cast a shadow over the rest of Ptolemy V's reign. One prominent faction within the Ptolemaic court agitated for a return to war in order to restore Egyptian prestige, while another faction resisted the expense involved in rebuilding and

1702:

The joint rule of the two brothers and Cleopatra II continued in the immediate aftermath of the war. However, the complete failure of the Egyptian forces had left the Ptolemaic monarchy's prestige seriously diminished and caused a permanent rift between Ptolemy VI and Ptolemy VIII.

2377:"Ptolemy, lover of his Mother". Numbering the Ptolemies is a modern convention. Older sources may give a number one higher or lower. The most reliable way of determining which Ptolemy is being referred to in any given case is by epithet (e.g. "Philopator"). 1456:, came to the throne aged six when his father died in 180 BC. The kingdom was governed by regents: his mother until her death in 178 or 177 BC and then two of her associates, Eulaeus and Lenaeus, until 169 BC. From 170 BC, his sister-wife 1987:

In summer 161 BC, Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II gathered a synod of all the priests of Egypt in order to pass a decree granting tax relief and other benefactions to the priests in exchange for cultic honours in Egyptian temples – part of a series of

1574:

Seleucids, Cleopatra I pursued a peaceful policy, because of her own Seleucid roots and because a war would have threatened her hold on power. She probably died in late 178 or early 177 BC, though some scholars place her death in late 176 BC.

1923:, he discovered a plot against his life by Alexander's chancellor Ammonius. When Ptolemy VI demanded that Ammonius be punished, Alexander refused. Ptolemy VI remarried his daughter to Demetrius II and continued his march northward. The commanders of 1818:. Once Demetrius I was in power, however, their interests began to diverge and the prospect of war between the two kingdoms returned. In 158 or 154 BC, Ptolemy VI's governor of Cyprus, Archias, attempted to sell the island to Demetrius I for 500 1492:, which left him in charge of both the Seleucid and Ptolemaic realms. However, injuries that he sustained in the battle led to his death three days later. The gains from the war were almost immediately lost and Ptolemy VIII returned to power. 1630:

secured the throne. The unsettled situation empowered the warhawks in the Ptolemaic court, and Eulaeus and Lenaeus were unable or unwilling to resist them, with Cleopatra I no longer alive. By 172 BC, preparations for war were underway.

2024:

emphasises Ptolemy VI's personal interest in the Jews and their well-being. There had been a Jewish community in Egypt since at least the fifth century BC and it had grown significantly since the establishment of Ptolemaic control over

1472:(170–168 BC), the Ptolemaic forces were utterly defeated and Egypt was twice invaded by Seleucid armies. A few years after the Seleucid conflict ended, Ptolemy VIII succeeded in expelling Ptolemy VI from Egypt in 164 BC. 1560:

remilitarising the realm. Ptolemy V died unexpectedly in September 180 BC, at the age of only 30. It is possible that he was murdered as a result of this factional infighting – a late source claims that he had been poisoned.

1878:

identification of Ammonius as an Egyptian in particular. At any rate, an agreement between Ptolemy VI and Alexander was sealed in 150 BC, when Ptolemy VI married his teenage daughter Cleopatra Thea to Alexander in a ceremony at

1754:

In summer 163 BC, the people of Alexandria rioted against Ptolemy VIII, expelling him in turn and recalling Ptolemy VI. The restored king decided to come to an agreement with his younger brother and granted him control of

1479:

turned against Ptolemy VIII and invited Ptolemy VI back to the throne in 163 BC. In this second reign Ptolemy VI was much more successful in his conflicts against the Seleucids and his brother. He banished his brother to

1967:

Like his predecessors, Ptolemy VI fully embraced his role as pharaoh and maintained a mutually beneficial relationship with the traditional Egyptian priesthood. In particular, he maintained close ties with the worship of

1932:

kingdoms would lead to Roman intervention, Ptolemy VI decided to abandon the title. Instead, he limited himself to annexing Coele Syria and pledged to serve as a "tutor in goodness and guide" to Demetrius II.

1677:

with the Ptolemaic treasury. Before this could happen, two prominent Ptolemaic generals, Comanus and Cineas, launched a military coup and took control of the Egyptian government. As Antiochus IV advanced on

1742:

three servants. In Rome, he seems to have received nothing, and for accommodation had a poor room in an attic, offered by and shared with a painter of personal acquaintance. From there he moved on to

1834:. He persuaded Ptolemy VIII to withdraw from Cyprus, in exchange for continued possession of Cyrenaica, an annual payment of grain, and a promise of marriage to one of his infant daughters (probably 39: 1647:

intended to promote unity within the court in the run-up to war. Shortly afterwards, Ptolemy VI, now around sixteen, was declared an adult and celebrated his coming-of-age ceremony (the

3344:

does not mention the episode and presents Ptolemy VI as planning to support Demetrius II from the start. Josephus presents Ptolemy as genuinely supporting Alexander until this moment.

1730:

Owing to the preceding years of conflict, many farms had been abandoned, threatening the government's agricultural revenue. In autumn 165 BC the Ptolemies issued a royal decree,

1996:. Other inscriptions record specific benefactions made at various points during the reign. In September 157 BC, Ptolemy VI affirmed the grant of all the tax revenue from the 1598:. Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II were still young children, so the marriage was not consummated for many years; they would eventually have at least four children together. 1710:, a prominent courtier who appears to have been of native Egyptian origin, attempted to exploit the conflict in order to take control of the government. He went to the 1578:

who had probably come to Egypt as part of Cleopatra I's retinue when she got married. He seems to have been specifically in charge of managing the kingdom's finances.

1253: 2005: 1707: 2307:

The year is deduced from: (1) the award of extensive divine honours to his mother Cleopatra I in the Philae I decree of 185 BC, (2) the fact that Ptolemy VI's

1590:('the Mother-loving Gods'), named in honour of the deceased Cleopatra I. In Egyptian religious contexts, the title recalled the relationship of the Pharaoh as 2120: 1984:

there for the Egyptian New Year festival every year. During these visits, Ptolemy VI personally made the ritual temple offerings expected of the pharaoh.

8688: 1734:, which attempted to force land back into cultivation. The measure was very unpopular and prompted widespread protests. A new branch of government, the 1555:. His father advertised Ptolemy VI's position as heir within Egypt and to the wider world, for example by entering a chariot team under his name in the 1723:, the latest in a series of native Egyptian uprisings against Ptolemaic rule. Ptolemy VI successfully suppressed the rebellion after a bitter siege at 4728: 288: 2257:

Survived his father but was eventually eliminated by his uncle, Ptolemy VIII. Traditionally, he was identified with his cousin and half-brother,

1643:

in 171 BC, lessening their ability to interfere with Ptolemaic affairs, and the Egyptian government considered the moment for war had come.

2875: 1956: 1896:

By May 146 BC, however, Ptolemy VI was gathering troops. In 145 BC he invaded Syria while Alexander was putting down a rebellion in

4985: 1735: 1626:, Ptolemy VI's uncle, had followed a generally peaceful policy, but he was murdered in 175 BC. After two months of conflict his brother 1778: 3792: 1992:

that had been issued under each of his predecessors, going back to Ptolemy III. The decree survives only on one fragmentary stele known as

1873:, appeared in 153 BC. John Grainger proposes that Ptolemy VI provided Alexander with financial backing, naval transport, and secured 1810:

In 162 BC, Ptolemy VI was also involved in a scheme to destabilise the Seleucid kingdom. His agents in Rome helped the king's cousin

587: 1939:. Alexander then fled to Arabia, where he was killed. His severed head was brought to Ptolemy VI. For the first time since the death of 8767: 8703: 8698: 2315:', which suggests that he was born in the same year as an Apis Bull - the only available candidate was born and installed in 185 BC: 1912:. In practice, Ptolemy VI's intervention came at a heavy cost; he took control of all the Seleucid cities along the coast, including 1654:

The Sixth Syrian War broke out shortly after this, probably in early 169 BC. The Ptolemaic army set out from the border fort of

353: 203: 1092: 841: 705: 355: 8678: 8673: 2098:

and included rich gold mines. Throughout the 160s and 150s BC, Ptolemy VI reasserted Ptolemaic control over the northern part of

1799: 1651:). He was now ostensibly ruling in his own right, although in practice Eulaeus and Lenaeus remained in charge of the government. 1250: 1238: 1087: 957: 828: 692: 224: 199: 1738:(Special Account), was established to manage estates that had become royal property as a result of confiscation or abandonment. 1184: 1100: 1074: 1022: 965: 939: 887: 836: 810: 804: 754: 700: 689: 673: 621: 552: 546: 514: 511: 497: 485: 371: 364: 328: 239: 232: 216: 210: 207: 196: 8683: 1908:

without interference. Ostensibly, Ptolemy VI acted in support of Alexander against the latest claimant of the Seleucid throne,

1261: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1236: 1106: 1105: 1082: 1071: 1065: 952: 949: 936: 930: 823: 820: 807: 797: 684: 681: 670: 664: 549: 543: 540: 536: 532: 528: 517: 508: 495: 487: 418: 374: 366: 361: 242: 241: 238: 235: 213: 1264: 1233: 1103: 1094: 1089: 1085: 971: 959: 954: 941: 839: 830: 825: 812: 802: 800: 703: 694: 686: 368: 246: 244: 201: 8663: 3625: 3516: 1258: 1256: 1230: 1228: 1187: 1097: 1079: 1077: 1068: 1025: 976: 974: 968: 962: 946: 944: 933: 890: 833: 817: 815: 757: 708: 707: 697: 678: 676: 667: 624: 550: 537: 533: 529: 525: 520: 505: 503: 500: 492: 490: 460: 381: 358: 357: 229: 227: 221: 218: 204: 167: 3534:

Bielman, A., "Stéréotypes et réalités du pouvoir politique féminin: la guerre civile en Égypte entre 132 et 124 av. J.-C.,"

524: 522: 383: 379: 377: 127: 8693: 8668: 8658: 6438: 6226: 1544:

to a subordinate position. Under a peace treaty, Ptolemy V married Antiochus III's daughter Cleopatra I in 194 BC.

8772: 8647: 7408: 7124: 5992: 5252: 5226: 1669:

This defeat led to the collapse of the Ptolemaic government in Alexandria. Eulaeus attempted to send Ptolemy VI to the

1885: 3577: 3558: 2329: 3431:

Lanciers, C. (1987). "Die Stele CG 22184: Ein Priesterdekret aus der Regierungszeit des ptolemaios VI. Philometor".

1694:

confronted Antiochus IV at the town of Eleusis and forced him to agree to a settlement, bringing the war to an end.

8762: 8713: 3785: 8777: 7900: 1148: 118: 1826:

order to enforce the transfer of Cyprus to his control. In response, Ptolemy VI besieged his younger brother at

1794:

Ptolemy VIII was not satisfied with Cyrenaica and went to Rome in late 163 or early 162 BC to request help. The

1606: 7950: 7677: 7533: 4909: 4801: 3596: 2641:

Skeat, T.C. (1961). "The twelfth year which is also the first": the invasion of Egypt by Antiochos Epiphanes".

2454: 4990: 8246: 8036: 7968: 7833: 7700: 7610: 7423: 5541: 5050: 5036: 4904: 4889: 4044: 1343: 2317:

Koenen, Ludwig (1960). "Die 'demotische Zivilprozessordnung' und die Philanthropa vom 9. Okt. 186 vor Chr".

7818: 7755: 7038: 5194: 4899: 4884: 4859: 4836: 4816: 3635: 2413: 1841:

As a result of the conflict with his brother, Ptolemy VI made particular efforts to advance his eldest son

1468:

over Syria and by internal conflict with his younger brother for control of the Ptolemaic monarchy. In the

1935:

Alexander returned from Cilicia with his army, but Ptolemy VI and Demetrius II defeated his forces at the

1814:

escape from captivity and return to Syria to seize control of the Seleucid empire from the under-age king

1441:

who reigned from 180 to 164 BC and from 163 to 145 BC. He is often considered the last ruler of

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agreed that the division was unfair, declaring that Ptolemy VIII ought to receive Cyprus as well.

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were co-rulers alongside him. Ptolemy VI's reign was characterised by external conflict with the

439:

a possessor of Sed festivals like Ptah Ta-Tjenen, the father of the gods, and a sovereign like Ra

8787: 8718: 8708: 8256: 8235: 8154: 7068: 6928: 6538: 6172: 6132: 5926: 5868: 5752: 5556: 5219: 5156: 5022: 4854: 4743: 4738: 4704: 4661: 4630: 4502: 4427: 4364: 4341: 4260: 4245: 4235: 4230: 4215: 4155: 4150: 4135: 4004: 3909: 3899: 3861: 1973: 1691: 146:

Distinguished in the sanctuary, the twin brother of the living Apis bull upon their birth stone

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over the next year. Another, apparently unrelated, rebellion broke out simultaneously in the

1846:

uncertain, since Ptolemy VI's remaining son was very young. He began advancing his daughter

1547:

Ptolemy VI was born in 186 BC, probably in May or June. He had two siblings: a sister,

8723: 8229: 8184: 7557: 7185: 7120: 6973: 6968: 6675: 6670: 6523: 5949: 5737: 5616: 5167: 5146: 4949: 4768: 4620: 4195: 4175: 4092: 4082: 4049: 3999: 3904: 3876: 3856: 3818: 3684: 3396: 2285:, her parentage and even her membership of the Ptolemaic dynasty is entirely hypothetical. 2199: 1909: 1890: 1819: 1807:

offered him no actual support in this endeavour and Cyprus remained in Ptolemy VI's hands.

1640: 8: 8219: 8194: 8159: 8096: 7471: 7446: 6650: 6645: 6069: 5500: 5116: 5068: 5063: 4954: 4758: 4651: 4645: 4507: 4225: 4160: 4102: 4029: 4009: 3973: 3919: 3914: 3823: 3680: 2123:, founded two new cities, named Philometris and Cleopatra in honour of the royal couple. 1940: 1636: 76: 2074:

Stele of Ptolemy VI at Philae, recording the grant of tax revenues to the Temple of Isis

8509: 8496: 8073: 7083: 6655: 6630: 5697: 5472: 5136: 4567: 4419: 4130: 4120: 4087: 3924: 3843: 3801: 3508:

Between Two Worlds: The Frontier Region Between Ancient Nubia and Egypt, 3700 BC-AD 500

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Tracy, Stephen V.; Habicht, Christian (1991). "New and Old Panathenaic Victor Lists".

8564: 8543: 8437: 8404: 8116: 7451: 7073: 6953: 6575: 6503: 6161: 5964: 5954: 5886: 5212: 5172: 5151: 5106: 4753: 4681: 4527: 4165: 4125: 3940: 3886: 3871: 3733: 3691: 3656: 3592: 3573: 3554: 3512: 2951:

McGing, B.C. (1997). "Revolt Egyptian Style: Internal Opposition to Ptolemaic Rule".

2559: 2364: 2195: 2091: 1989: 1905: 1901: 1811: 1662:. Antiochus seized Pelusium and then pursued the Egyptians, who had withdrawn to the 1659: 1556: 1407: 68: 45: 2008:. Around 145 BC, he granted the tribute from a Nubian leader to the priests of 1658:

to invade Palestine, but was intercepted and defeated by Antiochus IV's army in the

8743: 8570: 8398: 8164: 7918: 7501: 6798: 6694: 6635: 6059: 6039: 4929: 4748: 4399: 4283: 4185: 3978: 3953: 3031: 2344: 2333:

20.311), recording birthday celebrations in his honour in the month of Pharmouthi:

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While he was at Ptolemais Akko, however, Ptolemy VI switched sides. According to

1913: 1870: 1863: 1842: 1541: 1465: 1438: 1333: 6221: 3641: 2860:

Mooren, L. (1978–1979). "Antiochos IV Epiphanes und das Ptolemäische Königtum".

8611: 8409: 8370: 8088: 8044: 7913: 6997: 6923: 6753: 6625: 6585: 6333: 6185: 6150: 6140: 6074: 6029: 5911: 5906: 5486: 5465: 5431: 5002: 4572: 4512: 4200: 3810: 2172: 2111: 1997: 1977: 1835: 1683: 1632: 1505: 1419: 1338: 2042:

who had been deposed by the Seleucids. Ptolemy VI permitted them to settle at

8756: 8290: 8189: 8021: 7991: 7667: 7522: 7379: 7248: 7088: 7063: 7013: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6600: 6407: 6338: 6328: 6190: 5944: 5692: 5635: 5588: 5425: 5384: 4970: 4959: 4457: 4447: 4404: 4369: 4097: 2215: 2207: 2203: 2047: 1980:. Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II seem to have visited Memphis and stayed in the 1847: 1831: 1787: 1529: 1500: 1442: 2221: 1551:, who was probably born between 186 and 184 BC, and a younger brother, 8375: 8209: 8199: 8174: 8026: 7976: 7935: 7661: 7573: 7461: 7374: 7354: 7273: 7238: 7233: 7119: 7058: 6768: 6590: 6580: 6543: 6498: 6412: 6402: 6392: 6308: 6024: 5901: 5710: 5651: 5511: 5458: 5363: 5012: 4975: 4939: 4592: 4577: 4492: 4432: 4394: 4374: 4359: 4034: 3762: 3758: 3744: 3740: 3726: 3716: 3706: 3702: 2592: 2335:

Mitford, T. B. (1961). "Further Contributions to the Epigraphy of Cyprus".

1879: 1874: 1795: 1772: 1627: 1610: 1552: 1548: 1461: 1457: 1315: 109: 105: 1822:, but he was caught and hanged himself before this plot came to fruition. 1201: 1038: 903: 770: 637: 448: 316: 155: 8479: 8424: 8275: 8224: 8144: 8016: 7908: 7890: 7848: 7759: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7594: 7578: 7551: 7516: 7506: 7441: 7394: 7384: 7369: 7359: 7306: 7268: 7243: 7223: 7213: 6979: 6963: 6938: 6933: 6733: 6660: 6570: 6553: 6508: 6483: 6417: 6397: 6382: 6364: 6094: 6089: 5896: 5723: 5703: 5517: 5451: 5442: 5326: 4552: 4547: 4487: 4472: 4409: 4354: 4331: 4326: 4301: 4039: 3698: 3378: 3353: 3341: 3290: 3245: 3006: 2278: 2095: 2070: 2043: 2039: 1936: 1916:. He may also have started minting his own coinage in the Syrian cities. 1815: 1623: 1533: 1517: 1453: 1371: 95: 2233:

Married her uncle Ptolemy VIII, ruled as senior co-regent with her sons

1484:

and repeatedly prevented him from using that as a springboard to taking

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Ptolemy VI and his sister-wife, Cleopatra II, had the following issue:

2079: 2054:– a kind of self-governing community within the city, led by their own 1679: 1674: 1670: 1663: 1586:. The couple were incorporated into the Ptolemaic dynastic cult as the 1476: 1397: 2493: 2356: 8536: 8451: 8414: 8340: 8334: 8261: 8241: 7958: 7940: 7885: 7865: 7728: 7563: 7546: 7496: 7349: 7316: 7311: 7253: 7052: 6873: 6826: 6778: 6738: 6715: 6488: 6354: 6323: 5977: 5891: 5717: 5598: 5335: 4980: 4964: 4597: 4587: 4562: 4532: 4437: 4379: 4311: 4306: 4059: 4054: 3929: 3851: 3770: 2312: 2238: 2031: 2026: 1756: 1724: 1513: 1481: 1449: 1361: 91: 3591:. London & New York: Routledge. pp. 143–152 & 181–194. 3551:

Kings and Usurpers in the Seleukid Empire: The Men who would be King

3303:

Lorber, Catharine C. (2007). "The Ptolemaic Era Coinage Revisited".

2261:, who died in 132/131 BC and was deified under that name in 118 BC. 8606: 8601: 8590: 8557: 8472: 8465: 8419: 8391: 8385: 8350: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 7930: 7870: 7713: 7685: 7278: 7208: 7020: 7006: 6986: 6948: 6860: 6805: 6763: 6595: 6565: 6528: 6473: 6318: 6195: 6100: 6044: 5939: 5846: 5840: 5829: 5795: 5679: 5665: 5658: 5645: 5609: 5349: 4557: 4482: 4467: 3541:

Chauveau, M., "Encore Ptolémée «VII» et le dieu Neos Philopatôr!,"

3477: 2348: 2282: 2191: 2055: 2035: 2021: 2009: 1981: 1920: 1827: 1655: 1525: 64: 8583: 8522: 8365: 8049: 7860: 7854: 7842: 7723: 7718: 7655: 7634: 7479: 7431: 7331: 7321: 7046: 6943: 6913: 6895: 6884: 6867: 6819: 6812: 6743: 6665: 6313: 6121: 6107: 6019: 5970: 5876: 5819: 5770: 5603: 5593: 5573: 5506: 5356: 5235: 5126: 4522: 1924: 1897: 1783: 1720: 1715:

military contingents to mutiny. Heavy fighting took place in the

1711: 1583: 1434: 56: 48: 5247: 1762: 8490: 8360: 7997: 7880: 7485: 7456: 7326: 7301: 7093: 7027: 6853: 6846: 6773: 6728: 6722: 6548: 6468: 6054: 5881: 5834: 5788: 5760: 5686: 5564: 5523: 5405: 5370: 5342: 4537: 2506: 2107: 2001: 1961: 1767: 1743: 1716: 1537: 1485: 1431: 2004:, first made by his predecessor. The grant is recorded in the 8576: 8355: 8345: 8323: 7981: 6890: 6878: 6791: 6708: 6559: 6493: 6155: 5824: 5782: 5776: 5568: 5527: 5398: 5391: 5377: 3165:

The Administration of the Ptolemaic Possessions Outside Egypt

2099: 2083: 1591: 3433:

Gottinger Miszellen: Beiträge zur agyptologischen Diskussion

606:

Heir of the two gods who has emerged, chosen by Ptah-Khepri,

8328: 8318: 7708: 7583: 6784: 6114: 5934: 5916: 5801: 5583: 5578: 5412: 5204: 3187: 2604: 2103: 1969: 1951: 1595: 1212: 1049: 914: 781: 648: 471: 339: 180: 2102:. This achievement is heavily advertised at the Temple of 1960:

Depiction of Ptolemy VI as pharaoh, found in the sea near

6533: 7754: 1697: 1532:, who completely defeated the Ptolemaic forces, annexed 2686:

Commentary on Polybius III: Commentary on Books XIX–XL

1853: 3628:— (Chapter IX of E. R. Bevan's 2327:. The month is known from an inscription on Cyprus ( 1520:. The early reign of Ptolemy V was dominated by the 3553:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 131–5. 3511:. Leiden, New York, Köln: Brill. pp. 400–404. 2433: 2431: 2082:, the Ptolemies had controlled the region south of 1601: 434:

Werpehty Nebhabused Miptahtatjenenitnetjeru Itymire

2862:Actes du XVe Congrès Internationale du Papyrologie 603:Iwaennetjerwyperu Setepenptahkheperi Irymaatamunre 3644:entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith 599:wr-pḥtj nb-ḥbw-sd-mi-ptḥ tꜢ-ṯnn-jt-nṯrw jty-mj-rꜤ 430:wr-pḥtj nb-ḥbw-sd-mj-ptḥ tꜢ-ṯnn-jt-nṯrw ity-mj-rꜤ 8754: 2428: 2115:this period. In order to secure the region, the 3606:Morkholm, Otto (1961). "Eulaios and Lenaios". 2688:. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. pp. 321ff. 5220: 3786: 2311:refers to him as 'twin brother of the living 2167:Briefly co-regent with his father in 152 BC. 1763:Conflicts with Ptolemy VIII and the Seleucids 2479: 2110:, which was granted the tax revenues of the 1749: 1495: 2859: 2303: 2301: 1563: 1504:Golden ring depicting Ptolemy VI wearing a 1167:Ptolemaios, living forever, beloved of Ptah 5227: 5213: 3793: 3779: 2874:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2679: 2677: 2448: 2446: 2015: 143:Tjeniemkhet Heterhapuankhhermeskhen(e)tsen 38: 3548: 3409: 3324: 3278: 2946: 2944: 2452: 2411: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 1445:when that state was still a major power. 8637: 3605: 3567: 3430: 3421:Chauveau 2000: 259; Bielman 2017: 95-98. 3320: 3318: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3233: 3221: 3150: 3129: 3117: 3081: 2926: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2909: 2838: 2817: 2793: 2768: 2729: 2659: 2628: 2546: 2534: 2437: 2298: 2069: 1955: 1952:Pharaonic ideology and Egyptian religion 1884: 1857: 1777: 1766: 1605: 1499: 3448: 3446: 3162: 3113: 3111: 3044: 3042: 3040: 2683: 2674: 2443: 2334: 2065: 1869:A new claimant to the Seleucid throne, 1830:and captured him, with the help of the 177: 14: 8755: 7784: 7149: 6251: 5277: 3800: 3302: 2950: 2941: 2390: 2316: 1686:and retaining a garrison in Pelusium. 8636: 7753: 7118: 6220: 5246: 5208: 4725:Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos 3774: 3586: 3504: 3492: 3452: 3315: 3266: 3255: 3209: 3102: 3060: 3048: 3018: 2990: 2969: 2915: 2897: 2805: 2640: 2616: 2610: 2580: 2522: 2126: 1698:Rebellions and expulsion (168–164 BC) 8289: 5193:Hellenistic rulers were preceded by 3443: 3108: 3037: 1746:, which remained under his control. 2516: 1904:allowed Ptolemy VI to pass through 1850:, formally deifying her in 146 BC. 1448:Ptolemy VI, the eldest son of King 24: 3638:— (Egyptian Royal Genealogy) 3626:Ptolemy Philometor at LacusCurtius 2062:was established under Ptolemy VI. 1854:Intervention in Syria (152–145 BC) 608:who carried out Maat (for) Amun-Ra 25: 8799: 8768:Pharaohs of the Ptolemaic dynasty 3619: 3589:A History of the Ptolemaic Empire 1512:Ptolemy VI was the eldest son of 307:Truly, whose father enthroned him 2829:Polybius 29.23.4; Livy 45.11.2-7 2220: 2177: 2000:region to the Temple of Isis at 1602:Sixth Syrian War (170 BC–168 BC) 1285: 1205: 1127: 1042: 997: 907: 862: 774: 729: 641: 267: 139:ṯnj-m-ẖt ḥtr-ḥpw-Ꜥnḫ-ḥr-msḫnt.sn 3528: 3498: 3486: 3471: 3458: 3424: 3415: 3403: 3384: 3372: 3363: 3347: 3330: 3296: 3284: 3272: 3239: 3227: 3215: 3203: 3194: 3180: 3171: 3156: 3144: 3135: 3123: 3096: 3087: 3075: 3066: 3054: 3024: 3012: 2996: 2984: 2975: 2963: 2932: 2903: 2891: 2888:Polybius 9.27; Diodorus 31.2-3. 2882: 2853: 2844: 2832: 2823: 2811: 2799: 2787: 2774: 2762: 2753: 2744: 2735: 2723: 2714: 2701: 2692: 2665: 2653: 2643:Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 2634: 2622: 2598: 2586: 2574: 2552: 2540: 2337:American Journal of Archaeology 1782:Ring of Ptolemy VI as Egyptian 1319: 2864:. Brussels. pp. IV.78–84. 2741:Polybius 28.21; Diodorus 30.17 2720:Polybius 28.19; Diodorus 30.18 2528: 2500: 2469: 2371: 1524:(204–198 BC) against the 1339:Cleopatra Thea, Queen of Syria 44:Ring of Ptolemy VI wearing an 13: 1: 8247:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator 5197:in most of their territories. 3995:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter 3200:Polybius 39.7; Diodorus 31.33 3167:. Leiden: Brill. p. 257. 2384: 2190:Married in succession to the 1344:Cleopatra III, Queen of Egypt 1155: 594: 425: 295: 134: 5234: 3084:, pp. 312 & 319–320 2046:, which became known as the 1568: 7: 8180:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 3990:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 3572:. Brill. pp. 281–328. 2953:Archiv für Papyrusforschung 2780:Polybius 29.23.4; Porphyry 2560:"Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt" 2319:Archiv für Papyrusforschung 1540:to his empire, and reduced 437:The one great of strength, 10: 8804: 7079:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef 6463:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep 6227:Second Intermediate Period 3568:Grainger, John D. (2010). 1615: 1276: 1220: 1215: 1176: 1118: 1057: 1052: 1014: 988: 922: 917: 879: 853: 789: 784: 746: 720: 656: 651: 613: 588:Prenomen (Praenomen) 562: 477: 474: 452: 393: 345: 342: 320: 258: 188: 183: 159: 8773:Monarchs killed in action 8741: 8643: 8632: 8530:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus 8274: 8220:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos 8115: 8087: 8072: 8035: 8007: 7967: 7949: 7899: 7832: 7817: 7775: 7771: 7749: 7699: 7676: 7609: 7532: 7470: 7422: 7407: 7340: 7287: 7199: 7184: 7140: 7136: 7125:Third Intermediate Period 7114: 7037: 6996: 6904: 6836: 6684: 6452: 6437: 6373: 6347: 6299: 6284: 6242: 6238: 6216: 6171: 6131: 6006: 5991: 5925: 5867: 5810: 5751: 5736: 5626: 5555: 5540: 5441: 5325: 5310: 5268: 5264: 5253:First Intermediate Period 5242: 5191: 5097: 4928: 4835: 4777: 4690: 4611: 4418: 4340: 4292: 4269: 4111: 4068: 3939: 3895:Antigonus I Monophthalmus 3885: 3842: 3809: 3755: 3731: 3723: 3713: 3689: 3677: 3650: 3549:Chrubasik, Boris (2016). 2090:, which was known as the 2058:. It is likely that this 1946: 1750:Second reign (163–145 BC) 1496:Background and early life 1430:; 186–145 BC) was a 1423: 1403: 1393: 1385: 1377: 1367: 1357: 1326: 1311: 1219: 1164:Ptolemys Ankhdjetmeryptah 1154: 1147: 1056: 921: 788: 655: 593: 586: 476: 424: 417: 344: 294: 287: 187: 133: 126: 115: 101: 87: 75: 62: 55: 37: 32: 8242:Cleopatra VII Philopator 6499:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI 5257: (<3150–2040 BC) 4256:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus 4055:Cleopatra VII Philopator 2291: 2034:. This group was led by 1838:) once she came of age. 1564:First reign (180–164 BC) 1460:and his younger brother 8763:2nd-century BC pharaohs 8215:Ptolemy XI Alexander II 8130:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 6424:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra 5053:'s attempted rule with 4734:Mithridates V Euergetes 4146:Antiochus III the Great 3959:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 3900:Demetrius I Poliorcetes 3824:Alexander III the Great 3734:Ptolemaic King of Egypt 3692:Ptolemaic King of Egypt 3587:Hölbl, Günther (2001). 3481:Antiquities of the Jews 3466:Antiquities of the Jews 3358:Antiquities of the Jews 3338:Antiquities of the Jews 3250:Antiquities of the Jews 3163:Bagnall, Roger (1976). 3132:, p. 321 & 325 2684:Walbank, F. W. (1979). 2583:, p. 143 & 168 2259:Ptolemy Neos Philopator 2016:Relations with the Jews 1804:Gnaeus Cornelius Merula 1800:Titus Manlius Torquatus 1490:Battle of the Oenoparus 8778:Ancient child monarchs 8257:Ptolemy XIV Philopator 8236:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena 8230:Berenice IV Epiphaneia 8185:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes 8155:Arsinoe III Philopator 7069:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef 6539:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw 6479:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V 6070:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb 4837:Monarchs of Cappadocia 4739:Mithridates VI Eupator 4261:Philip II Philoromaeus 4246:Antiochus XII Dionysus 4236:Demetrius III Eucaerus 4231:Antiochus XI Epiphanes 4216:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus 4156:Antiochus IV Epiphanes 4151:Seleucus IV Philopator 4136:Seleucus II Callinicus 4035:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena 3910:Demetrius II Aetolicus 3652:Ptolemy VI Philometor 3608:Classica et Medievalia 3505:Török, László (2009). 3392:Antiquites of the Jews 2562:. Ancient Egypt Online 2075: 1964: 1893: 1866: 1791: 1775: 1692:Gaius Popillius Laenas 1613: 1509: 8205:Ptolemy X Alexander I 8170:Ptolemy VI Philometor 8150:Ptolemy IV Philopator 8145:Berenice II Euergetes 8140:Ptolemy III Euergetes 8102:Philip III Arrhidaeus 6611:Khahotepre Sobekhotep 6606:Merhotepre Sobekhotep 5960:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II 4779:Monarchs of Commagene 4700:Mithridates I Ctistes 4241:Philip I Philadelphus 4221:Seleucus VI Epiphanes 4211:Antiochus VIII Grypus 4206:Seleucus V Philometor 4191:Antiochus VII Sidetes 4181:Antiochus VI Dionysus 4141:Seleucus III Ceraunus 4040:Berenice IV Epiphanea 3985:Ptolemy VI Philometor 3969:Ptolemy IV Philopator 3964:Ptolemy III Euergetes 3829:Philip III Arrhidaeus 3642:Ptolemy VI Philometor 3483:12.387 & 13.65-71 3072:Polybius 31.10, 17-20 2073: 2020:The Jewish historian 2006:Dodecaschoenus decree 1959: 1900:. Alexander's vassal 1888: 1861: 1781: 1770: 1708:Dionysius Petosarapis 1609: 1503: 1428:Ptolemaĩos Philomḗtōr 1416:Ptolemy VI Philometor 1160:ptwlmjs Ꜥnḫ-ḏtmrj-ptḥ 300:m-mꜢꜤt sḫꜤj-n-sw-jt.f 33:Ptolemy VI Philometor 8638:Dynastic genealogies 8262:Ptolemy XV Caesarion 7558:Tutkheperre Shoshenq 7472:High Priests of Amun 6974:Merankhre Mentuhotep 6676:Seheqenre Sankhptahi 6671:Sewadjare Mentuhotep 6524:Khaankhre Sobekhotep 6231: (2040–1550 BC) 5950:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I 4613:Monarchs of Bithynia 4196:Alexander II Zabinas 4176:Demetrius II Nicator 4093:Ptolemy VIII Physcon 4060:Ptolemy XV Caesarion 4025:Ptolemy XI Alexander 4000:Ptolemy VIII Physcon 3905:Antigonus II Gonatas 3397:Astronomical Diaries 3305:Numismatic Chronicle 3248:10.48-58; Josephus, 2671:Polybius XXVIII.12.8 2511:Commentary on Daniel 2254:143/141 or 132/1 BC? 2066:Relations with Nubia 1641:Third Macedonian War 1424:Πτολεμαῖος Φιλομήτωρ 304:Emmaat sekhaensuitef 8160:Ptolemy V Epiphanes 8097:Alexander the Great 7129: (1550–664 BC) 6651:Mershepsesre Ini II 6646:Merkawre Sobekhotep 6040:Neferkare IV Khendu 5195:Hellenistic satraps 4226:Antiochus X Eusebes 4161:Antiochus V Eupator 4103:Cleopatra Selene II 4030:Ptolemy XII Auletes 4015:Ptolemy X Alexander 4010:Ptolemy IX Lathyros 3974:Ptolemy V Epiphanes 3915:Antigonus III Doson 3681:Ptolemy V Epiphanes 3543:Revue d’Égyptologie 2277:Briefly engaged to 2241:from 116/5–101 BC. 2210:of Seleucid Syria. 2078:Until the reign of 1941:Alexander the Great 8497:Trebonianus Gallus 7084:Senakhtenre Ahmose 6702:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre 6656:Sewahenre Senebmiu 6631:Sankhenre Sewadjtu 6060:Neferkare V Tereru 6030:Neferkare III Neby 5698:Sekhemib-Perenmaat 5099:Monarchs of Epirus 4932:Cimmerian Bosporus 4692:Monarchs of Pontus 4251:Cleopatra Selene I 4131:Antiochus II Theos 4121:Seleucus I Nicator 4088:Demetrius the Fair 4070:Monarchs of Cyrene 3545:51 (2000) 257-261. 3495:, pp. 189–191 3327:, pp. 133–134 3236:, pp. 330–332 3224:, pp. 327–328 3153:, pp. 326–328 3093:Polybius 33.11.4-7 2771:, pp. 297–300 2127:Marriage and issue 2076: 2038:, son of a former 1965: 1894: 1867: 1792: 1776: 1622:The Seleucid king 1614: 1588:Theoi Philometores 1510: 8750: 8749: 8737: 8736: 8628: 8627: 8624: 8623: 8620: 8619: 8544:Claudius Gothicus 8438:Severus Alexander 8405:Septimius Severus 8270: 8269: 8068: 8067: 7813: 7812: 7745: 7744: 7741: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7452:Osorkon the Elder 7403: 7402: 7180: 7179: 7110: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7102: 7101: 7074:Nubkheperre Intef 6954:Sekhemre Shedwast 6576:Sehetepkare Intef 6504:Semenkare Nebnuni 6433: 6432: 6280: 6279: 6212: 6211: 6208: 6207: 6204: 6203: 5987: 5986: 5965:Netjerkare Siptah 5887:Neferirkare Kakai 5732: 5731: 5536: 5535: 5306: 5305: 5202: 5201: 4682:Socrates Chrestus 4171:Alexander I Balas 4166:Demetrius I Soter 4126:Antiochus I Soter 3872:Antipater Etesias 3769: 3768: 3756:Succeeded by 3753:163–145 BC 3751: 3714:Succeeded by 3711:181–164 BC 3709: 3657:Ptolemaic dynasty 3518:978-90-04-17197-8 2289: 2288: 2161:15 October 166 BC 2092:Triacontaschoenus 1902:Jonathan Maccabee 1557:Panathenaic Games 1413: 1412: 1408:Ptolemaic dynasty 1305: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1297: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1280: 1279: 1272: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1196: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1143: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1134: 1122: 1121: 1114: 1113: 1110: 1109: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1009: 1008: 1005: 1004: 992: 991: 984: 983: 980: 979: 898: 897: 894: 893: 874: 873: 870: 869: 857: 856: 849: 848: 845: 844: 765: 764: 761: 760: 741: 740: 737: 736: 724: 723: 716: 715: 712: 711: 632: 631: 628: 627: 582: 581: 578: 577: 574: 573: 566: 565: 560: 559: 556: 555: 468: 467: 464: 463: 413: 412: 409: 408: 405: 404: 397: 396: 391: 390: 387: 386: 336: 335: 332: 331: 283: 282: 279: 278: 275: 274: 262: 261: 254: 253: 250: 249: 175: 174: 171: 170: 69:Ptolemaic Kingdom 16:(Redirected from 8795: 8744:List of pharaohs 8634: 8633: 8399:Pescennius Niger 8287: 8286: 8283: 8282: 8195:Ptolemy IX Soter 8165:Cleopatra I Syra 8085: 8084: 8081: 8080: 7830: 7829: 7826: 7825: 7782: 7781: 7773: 7772: 7766: 7765: 7751: 7750: 7502:Djedkhonsuefankh 7420: 7419: 7416: 7415: 7197: 7196: 7193: 7192: 7167: 7162: 7147: 7146: 7138: 7137: 7131: 7130: 7116: 7115: 6709:Qareh Khawoserre 6695:Yakbim Sekhaenre 6636:Mersekhemre Ined 6450: 6449: 6446: 6445: 6297: 6296: 6293: 6292: 6249: 6248: 6240: 6239: 6233: 6232: 6218: 6217: 6004: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5749: 5748: 5745: 5744: 5553: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5323: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5275: 5274: 5266: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5244: 5243: 5229: 5222: 5215: 5206: 5205: 4994: 4910:Ariobarzanes III 4284:Ptolemy Epigonos 4186:Diodotus Tryphon 3979:Cleopatra I Syra 3954:Ptolemy Keraunos 3795: 3788: 3781: 3772: 3771: 3738: 3724:Preceded by 3696: 3678:Preceded by 3673: 3666: 3648: 3647: 3630:House of Ptolemy 3615: 3602: 3583: 3564: 3538:7 (2017) 84-114. 3523: 3522: 3502: 3496: 3490: 3484: 3475: 3469: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3441: 3440: 3428: 3422: 3419: 3413: 3412:, pp. 134–5 3407: 3401: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3367: 3361: 3351: 3345: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3313: 3312: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3281:, pp. 131–2 3276: 3270: 3269:, pp. 192–3 3264: 3253: 3243: 3237: 3231: 3225: 3219: 3213: 3212:, pp. 187–8 3207: 3201: 3198: 3192: 3184: 3178: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3160: 3154: 3148: 3142: 3139: 3133: 3127: 3121: 3115: 3106: 3105:, pp. 185–7 3100: 3094: 3091: 3085: 3079: 3073: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3035: 3032:Valerius Maximus 3030:Diodorus 31.18; 3028: 3022: 3016: 3010: 3000: 2994: 2993:, pp. 181–2 2988: 2982: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2948: 2939: 2936: 2930: 2929:, pp. 310–1 2924: 2913: 2912:, pp. 305–8 2907: 2901: 2900:, pp. 146–8 2895: 2889: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2873: 2865: 2857: 2851: 2848: 2842: 2841:, pp. 303–4 2836: 2830: 2827: 2821: 2820:, pp. 301–2 2815: 2809: 2808:, pp. 144–6 2803: 2797: 2796:, pp. 300–1 2791: 2785: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2757: 2751: 2748: 2742: 2739: 2733: 2732:, pp. 296–7 2727: 2721: 2718: 2712: 2705: 2699: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2681: 2672: 2669: 2663: 2662:, pp. 294–5 2657: 2651: 2650: 2638: 2632: 2631:, pp. 284–8 2626: 2620: 2619:, pp. 143–4 2614: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2556: 2550: 2549:, pp. 32–43 2544: 2538: 2537:, pp. 281–2 2532: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2450: 2441: 2435: 2426: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2409: 2378: 2375: 2369: 2368: 2326: 2305: 2230:September 101 BC 2224: 2181: 2134: 2133: 2119:of Upper Egypt, 1706:In 165 BC, 1618:Sixth Syrian War 1522:Fifth Syrian War 1470:Sixth Syrian War 1425: 1389:145 BC (aged 41) 1321: 1289: 1288: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1213: 1209: 1208: 1202: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1173: 1156: 1131: 1130: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1050: 1046: 1045: 1039: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1011: 1001: 1000: 927: 926: 923: 915: 911: 910: 904: 884: 883: 880: 876: 866: 865: 794: 793: 790: 782: 778: 777: 771: 751: 750: 747: 743: 733: 732: 661: 660: 657: 649: 645: 644: 638: 618: 617: 614: 610: 595: 482: 481: 478: 472: 457: 456: 453: 449: 445: 444: 426: 350: 349: 346: 340: 325: 324: 321: 317: 313: 312: 296: 271: 270: 193: 192: 189: 181: 164: 163: 160: 156: 152: 151: 135: 124: 123: 42: 30: 29: 27:Egyptian pharaoh 21: 8803: 8802: 8798: 8797: 8796: 8794: 8793: 8792: 8753: 8752: 8751: 8746: 8733: 8639: 8616: 8516:Macrianus Minor 8445:Maximinus Thrax 8381:Marcus Aurelius 8280: 8279: 8278: 8266: 8125:Ptolemy I Soter 8111: 8078: 8077: 8076: 8064: 8031: 8003: 7963: 7945: 7925:Psammetichus IV 7895: 7823: 7822: 7821: 7809: 7787: 7778: 7767: 7764:(664 BC–313 AD) 7763: 7762: 7733: 7695: 7672: 7668:Menkheperre Ini 7605: 7528: 7466: 7413: 7412: 7411: 7399: 7336: 7283: 7264:Neferneferuaten 7190: 7189: 7188: 7176: 7175: 7165: 7160: 7159:Pharaohs 7152: 7143: 7132: 7128: 7127: 7098: 7033: 6992: 6919:Sobekhotep VIII 6900: 6832: 6680: 6641:Sewadjkare Hori 6443: 6442: 6441: 6429: 6369: 6343: 6290: 6289: 6288: 6276: 6254: 6245: 6234: 6230: 6229: 6200: 6167: 6127: 6035:Djedkare Shemai 5997: 5996: 5995: 5983: 5921: 5863: 5806: 5742: 5741: 5740: 5728: 5622: 5546: 5545: 5544: 5532: 5437: 5316: 5315: 5314: 5302: 5280: 5271: 5260: 5256: 5255: 5238: 5233: 5203: 5198: 5187: 5093: 5084:Mithridates III 4988: 4931: 4930:Monarchs of the 4924: 4905:Ariobarzanes II 4890:Ariarathes VIII 4831: 4817:Mithridates III 4773: 4715:Mithridates III 4686: 4607: 4414: 4342:Greco-Bactrians 4336: 4288: 4265: 4107: 4064: 3949:Ptolemy I Soter 3935: 3881: 3838: 3805: 3799: 3765: 3761: 3752: 3749:Ptolemy Eupator 3747: 3743: 3737: 3729: 3719: 3710: 3705: 3701: 3695: 3687: 3683: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3653: 3622: 3599: 3580: 3570:The Syrian Wars 3561: 3531: 3526: 3519: 3503: 3499: 3491: 3487: 3476: 3472: 3463: 3459: 3451: 3444: 3429: 3425: 3420: 3416: 3408: 3404: 3400:III.144 obv. 35 3389: 3385: 3377: 3373: 3368: 3364: 3360:13.106-107, 115 3352: 3348: 3335: 3331: 3323: 3316: 3301: 3297: 3289: 3285: 3277: 3273: 3265: 3256: 3244: 3240: 3232: 3228: 3220: 3216: 3208: 3204: 3199: 3195: 3185: 3181: 3176: 3172: 3161: 3157: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3136: 3128: 3124: 3116: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3092: 3088: 3080: 3076: 3071: 3067: 3059: 3055: 3047: 3038: 3029: 3025: 3017: 3013: 3001: 2997: 2989: 2985: 2981:Diodorus 31.17b 2980: 2976: 2968: 2964: 2949: 2942: 2938:Diodorus 31.15a 2937: 2933: 2925: 2916: 2908: 2904: 2896: 2892: 2887: 2883: 2867: 2866: 2858: 2854: 2849: 2845: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2824: 2816: 2812: 2804: 2800: 2792: 2788: 2779: 2775: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2754: 2749: 2745: 2740: 2736: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2715: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2693: 2682: 2675: 2670: 2666: 2658: 2654: 2639: 2635: 2627: 2623: 2615: 2611: 2603: 2599: 2591: 2587: 2579: 2575: 2565: 2563: 2558: 2557: 2553: 2545: 2541: 2533: 2529: 2521: 2517: 2505: 2501: 2474: 2470: 2460: 2458: 2457:. Tyndale House 2453:Chris Bennett. 2451: 2444: 2436: 2429: 2419: 2417: 2416:. Tyndale House 2412:Chris Bennett. 2410: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2381: 2376: 2372: 2306: 2299: 2294: 2155:Ptolemy Eupator 2129: 2088:second cataract 2068: 2018: 1954: 1949: 1937:Oenoparas river 1914:Seleucia Pieria 1871:Alexander Balas 1864:Alexander Balas 1856: 1843:Ptolemy Eupator 1765: 1752: 1700: 1620: 1604: 1571: 1566: 1498: 1466:Seleucid Empire 1439:Ptolemaic Egypt 1381:May/June 186 BC 1353: 1334:Ptolemy Eupator 1307: 1306: 1286: 1257: 1237: 1229: 1206: 1188: 1166: 1162: 1128: 1104: 1093: 1088: 1086: 1078: 1043: 998: 975: 958: 953: 945: 940: 908: 863: 840: 829: 824: 816: 811: 803: 801: 775: 730: 706: 704: 693: 685: 677: 642: 607: 605: 601: 551: 523: 521: 504: 496: 491: 486: 438: 436: 432: 382: 380: 378: 367: 365: 356: 354: 306: 302: 268: 245: 243: 240: 228: 217: 202: 200: 145: 141: 121: 108: 94: 82: 71: 51: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8801: 8791: 8790: 8785: 8783:180s BC births 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8748: 8747: 8742: 8739: 8738: 8735: 8734: 8732: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8653: 8650: 8644: 8641: 8640: 8630: 8629: 8626: 8625: 8622: 8621: 8618: 8617: 8615: 8614: 8612:Maximinus Daza 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8587: 8580: 8573: 8568: 8561: 8554: 8547: 8540: 8533: 8526: 8519: 8512: 8507: 8500: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8476: 8469: 8462: 8455: 8448: 8441: 8434: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8395: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8371:Antoninus Pius 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8295: 8293: 8284: 8281:(30 BC–313 AD) 8272: 8271: 8268: 8267: 8265: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8121: 8119: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8093: 8091: 8082: 8070: 8069: 8066: 8065: 8063: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8045:Artaxerxes III 8041: 8039: 8033: 8032: 8030: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8013: 8011: 8005: 8004: 8002: 8001: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7973: 7971: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7961: 7955: 7953: 7947: 7946: 7944: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7921: 7916: 7914:Petubastis III 7911: 7905: 7903: 7897: 7896: 7894: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7851: 7846: 7838: 7836: 7827: 7815: 7814: 7811: 7810: 7808: 7807: 7802: 7801: 7800: 7797: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7779: 7776: 7769: 7768: 7747: 7746: 7743: 7742: 7739: 7738: 7735: 7734: 7732: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7705: 7703: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7693: 7688: 7682: 7680: 7674: 7673: 7671: 7670: 7665: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7615: 7613: 7607: 7606: 7604: 7603: 7598: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7538: 7536: 7530: 7529: 7527: 7526: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7482: 7476: 7474: 7468: 7467: 7465: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7428: 7426: 7417: 7409:3 Intermediate 7405: 7404: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7346: 7344: 7338: 7337: 7335: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7293: 7291: 7285: 7284: 7282: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7205: 7203: 7194: 7191:(1550–1070 BC) 7182: 7181: 7178: 7177: 7174: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7156: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7144: 7141: 7134: 7133: 7112: 7111: 7108: 7107: 7104: 7103: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7049: 7043: 7041: 7035: 7034: 7032: 7031: 7024: 7017: 7010: 7002: 7000: 6994: 6993: 6991: 6990: 6983: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6924:Neferhotep III 6921: 6916: 6910: 6908: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6864: 6857: 6850: 6842: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6830: 6823: 6816: 6809: 6802: 6795: 6788: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6754:Sewadjkare III 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6723:Maaibre Sheshi 6719: 6716:'Ammu Ahotepre 6712: 6705: 6698: 6690: 6688: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6626:Merhotepre Ini 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6586:Sobekhotep III 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6458: 6456: 6447: 6444:(1802–1550 BC) 6439:2 Intermediate 6435: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6427: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6379: 6377: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6351: 6349: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6341: 6336: 6334:Mentuhotep III 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6305: 6303: 6294: 6291:(2040–1802 BC) 6286:Middle Kingdom 6282: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6274: 6269: 6268: 6267: 6264: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6246: 6243: 6236: 6235: 6223:Middle Kingdom 6214: 6213: 6210: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6186:Neferkare VIII 6183: 6177: 6175: 6169: 6168: 6166: 6165: 6158: 6153: 6151:Nebkaure Khety 6148: 6143: 6141:Meryibre Khety 6137: 6135: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6125: 6118: 6111: 6104: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6075:Neferkamin Anu 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6016: 6014: 6001: 5998:(2181–2040 BC) 5993:1 Intermediate 5989: 5988: 5985: 5984: 5982: 5981: 5974: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5931: 5929: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5919: 5914: 5912:Djedkare Isesi 5909: 5907:Menkauhor Kaiu 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5873: 5871: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5861: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5816: 5814: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5804: 5799: 5792: 5785: 5780: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5757: 5755: 5746: 5743:(2686–2181 BC) 5734: 5733: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5726: 5721: 5714: 5707: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5683: 5676: 5669: 5662: 5655: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5632: 5630: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5620: 5613: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5561: 5559: 5550: 5547:(3150–2686 BC) 5542:Early Dynastic 5538: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5530: 5521: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5497: 5490: 5483: 5476: 5469: 5462: 5455: 5447: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5435: 5428: 5423: 5416: 5409: 5402: 5395: 5388: 5381: 5374: 5367: 5360: 5353: 5346: 5339: 5331: 5329: 5320: 5308: 5307: 5304: 5303: 5301: 5300: 5295: 5294: 5293: 5290: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5272: 5269: 5262: 5261: 5240: 5239: 5232: 5231: 5224: 5217: 5209: 5200: 5199: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5142:Neoptolemus II 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5103: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5057: 5048: 5039: 5037:Mithridates II 5034: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5003:Paerisades III 5000: 4995: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4936: 4934: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4900:Ariobarzanes I 4897: 4892: 4887: 4885:Ariarathes VII 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4860:Ariarathes III 4857: 4852: 4847: 4841: 4839: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4807:Mithridates II 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4783: 4781: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4710:Mithridates II 4707: 4702: 4696: 4694: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4617: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4573:Apollodotus II 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4424: 4422: 4416: 4415: 4413: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4346: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4298: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4286: 4281: 4275: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4201:Cleopatra Thea 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4117: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4074: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3945: 3943: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3933: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3891: 3889: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3848: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3815: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3798: 3797: 3790: 3783: 3775: 3767: 3766: 3757: 3754: 3730: 3725: 3721: 3720: 3715: 3712: 3688: 3679: 3675: 3674: 3654: 3651: 3646: 3645: 3639: 3633: 3621: 3620:External links 3618: 3617: 3616: 3603: 3597: 3584: 3578: 3565: 3559: 3546: 3539: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3524: 3517: 3497: 3485: 3470: 3457: 3442: 3423: 3414: 3410:Chrubasik 2016 3402: 3383: 3371: 3369:Strabo 16.2.8. 3362: 3346: 3329: 3325:Chrubasik 2016 3314: 3295: 3283: 3279:Chrubasik 2016 3271: 3254: 3238: 3226: 3214: 3202: 3193: 3179: 3177:Polybius 33.11 3170: 3155: 3143: 3134: 3122: 3107: 3095: 3086: 3074: 3065: 3053: 3036: 3023: 3011: 2995: 2983: 2974: 2962: 2940: 2931: 2914: 2902: 2890: 2881: 2852: 2843: 2831: 2822: 2810: 2798: 2786: 2773: 2761: 2759:Polybius 30.23 2752: 2750:Polybius 28.19 2743: 2734: 2722: 2713: 2700: 2698:Diodorus 30.16 2691: 2673: 2664: 2652: 2633: 2621: 2609: 2597: 2585: 2573: 2551: 2539: 2527: 2515: 2499: 2478:2314 line 56; 2468: 2442: 2427: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2370: 2349:10.2307/502666 2296: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2262: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2243: 2242: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2175: 2173:Cleopatra Thea 2169: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2151: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2128: 2125: 2112:Dodecaschoenus 2067: 2064: 2017: 2014: 1998:Dodecaschoenus 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1880:Ptolemais Akko 1875:Ptolemais Akko 1855: 1852: 1836:Cleopatra Thea 1764: 1761: 1751: 1748: 1732:On Agriculture 1699: 1696: 1639:commenced the 1616:Main article: 1603: 1600: 1594:to his mother 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1497: 1494: 1475:The people of 1411: 1410: 1405: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1375: 1374: 1369: 1365: 1364: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1234: 1231: 1217: 1216: 1210: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1185: 1169: 1168: 1152: 1151: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1090: 1083: 1080: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1054: 1053: 1047: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1007: 1006: 1003: 1002: 995: 993: 990: 989: 986: 985: 982: 981: 978: 977: 972: 969: 966: 963: 960: 955: 950: 947: 942: 937: 934: 931: 919: 918: 912: 901: 899: 896: 895: 892: 891: 888: 872: 871: 868: 867: 860: 858: 855: 854: 851: 850: 847: 846: 843: 842: 837: 834: 831: 826: 821: 818: 813: 808: 805: 798: 786: 785: 779: 768: 766: 763: 762: 759: 758: 755: 739: 738: 735: 734: 727: 725: 722: 721: 718: 717: 714: 713: 710: 709: 701: 698: 695: 690: 687: 682: 679: 674: 671: 668: 665: 653: 652: 646: 635: 633: 630: 629: 626: 625: 622: 591: 590: 584: 583: 580: 579: 576: 575: 572: 571: 569: 567: 564: 563: 561: 558: 557: 554: 553: 547: 544: 541: 538: 534: 530: 526: 518: 515: 512: 509: 506: 501: 498: 493: 488: 475: 469: 466: 465: 462: 461: 441: 440: 422: 421: 415: 414: 411: 410: 407: 406: 403: 402: 400: 398: 395: 394: 392: 389: 388: 385: 384: 375: 372: 369: 362: 359: 343: 337: 334: 333: 330: 329: 309: 308: 292: 291: 285: 284: 281: 280: 277: 276: 273: 272: 265: 263: 260: 259: 256: 255: 252: 251: 248: 247: 236: 233: 230: 225: 222: 219: 214: 211: 208: 205: 197: 185: 184: 178: 176: 173: 172: 169: 168: 148: 147: 131: 130: 122: 119:Royal titulary 117: 116: 113: 112: 103: 99: 98: 89: 85: 84: 79: 73: 72: 63: 60: 59: 53: 52: 43: 35: 34: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8800: 8789: 8788:145 BC deaths 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8745: 8740: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8645: 8642: 8635: 8631: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8592: 8588: 8586: 8585: 8581: 8579: 8578: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8566: 8562: 8560: 8559: 8555: 8553: 8552: 8548: 8546: 8545: 8541: 8539: 8538: 8534: 8532: 8531: 8527: 8525: 8524: 8520: 8518: 8517: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8505: 8501: 8499: 8498: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8481: 8477: 8475: 8474: 8470: 8468: 8467: 8463: 8461: 8460: 8456: 8454: 8453: 8449: 8447: 8446: 8442: 8440: 8439: 8435: 8433: 8432: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8400: 8396: 8394: 8393: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8336: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8296: 8294: 8292: 8288: 8285: 8277: 8273: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8237: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8190:Cleopatra III 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8114: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8086: 8083: 8075: 8071: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8034: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8014: 8012: 8010: 8006: 8000: 7999: 7995: 7993: 7992:Nepherites II 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7970: 7966: 7960: 7957: 7956: 7954: 7952: 7948: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7926: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7898: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7856: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7844: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7835: 7831: 7828: 7820: 7816: 7806: 7803: 7798: 7795: 7794: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7783: 7780: 7774: 7770: 7761: 7757: 7752: 7748: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7706: 7704: 7702: 7698: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7679: 7675: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7663: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7636: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7612: 7608: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7596: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7559: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7539: 7537: 7535: 7531: 7525: 7524: 7523:Psusennes III 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7487: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7477: 7475: 7473: 7469: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7425: 7421: 7418: 7414:(1069–664 BC) 7410: 7406: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7380:Ramesses VIII 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7347: 7345: 7343: 7339: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7294: 7292: 7290: 7286: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7249:Amenhotep III 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7206: 7204: 7202: 7198: 7195: 7187: 7183: 7172: 7169: 7164: 7158: 7157: 7154: 7148: 7145: 7139: 7135: 7126: 7122: 7117: 7113: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7089:Seqenenre Tao 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7064:Sobekemsaf II 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7054: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7036: 7030: 7029: 7025: 7023: 7022: 7018: 7016: 7015: 7014:Wepwawetemsaf 7011: 7009: 7008: 7004: 7003: 7001: 6999: 6995: 6989: 6988: 6984: 6982: 6981: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6903: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6886: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6869: 6865: 6863: 6862: 6858: 6856: 6855: 6851: 6849: 6848: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6835: 6829: 6828: 6824: 6822: 6821: 6817: 6815: 6814: 6810: 6808: 6807: 6803: 6801: 6800: 6796: 6794: 6793: 6789: 6787: 6786: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6724: 6720: 6718: 6717: 6713: 6711: 6710: 6706: 6704: 6703: 6699: 6697: 6696: 6692: 6691: 6689: 6687: 6683: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6621:Merneferre Ay 6619: 6617: 6616:Wahibre Ibiau 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6601:Sobekhotep IV 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6561: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6464: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6451: 6448: 6440: 6436: 6426: 6425: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6408:Amenemhat III 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6372: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6346: 6340: 6339:Mentuhotep IV 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6329:Mentuhotep II 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6298: 6295: 6287: 6283: 6273: 6270: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6250: 6247: 6241: 6237: 6228: 6224: 6219: 6215: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6191:Wahkare Khety 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6170: 6164: 6163: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6146:Neferkare VII 6144: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6130: 6124: 6123: 6119: 6117: 6116: 6112: 6110: 6109: 6105: 6103: 6102: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6002: 5994: 5990: 5980: 5979: 5975: 5973: 5972: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5924: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5866: 5860: 5859: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5842: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5809: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5797: 5793: 5791: 5790: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5778: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5750: 5747: 5739: 5735: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5719: 5715: 5713: 5712: 5708: 5706: 5705: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5693:Seth-Peribsen 5691: 5689: 5688: 5684: 5682: 5681: 5677: 5675: 5674: 5670: 5668: 5667: 5663: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5654: 5653: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5636:Hotepsekhemwy 5634: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5625: 5619: 5618: 5614: 5612: 5611: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5566: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5554: 5551: 5543: 5539: 5529: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5519: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5502: 5498: 5496: 5495: 5491: 5489: 5488: 5484: 5482: 5481: 5477: 5475: 5474: 5470: 5468: 5467: 5463: 5461: 5460: 5456: 5454: 5453: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5434: 5433: 5429: 5427: 5426:Double Falcon 5424: 5422: 5421: 5417: 5415: 5414: 5410: 5408: 5407: 5403: 5401: 5400: 5396: 5394: 5393: 5389: 5387: 5386: 5382: 5380: 5379: 5375: 5373: 5372: 5368: 5366: 5365: 5361: 5359: 5358: 5354: 5352: 5351: 5347: 5345: 5344: 5340: 5338: 5337: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5317:(pre-3150 BC) 5313: 5312:Protodynastic 5309: 5299: 5296: 5291: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5276: 5273: 5267: 5263: 5254: 5250: 5249:Protodynastic 5245: 5241: 5237: 5230: 5225: 5223: 5218: 5216: 5211: 5210: 5207: 5196: 5190: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5122:Neoptolemus I 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5096: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5018:Mithridates I 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5008:Paerisades IV 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4992: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4971:Paerisades II 4969: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4960:Spartokos III 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4927: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4895:Ariarathes IX 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4880:Ariarathes VI 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4865:Ariarathes IV 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4850:Ariarathes II 4848: 4846: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4834: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4822:Antiochus III 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4797:Mithridates I 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4776: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4672:Nicomedes III 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4610: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4503:Demetrius III 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4458:Antimachus II 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4448:Apollodotus I 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4417: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4405:Eucratides II 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4370:Euthydemus II 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4268: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4110: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4098:Ptolemy Apion 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4067: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4005:Cleopatra III 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3938: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3884: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3841: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3796: 3791: 3789: 3784: 3782: 3777: 3776: 3773: 3764: 3760: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3728: 3722: 3718: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3686: 3682: 3676: 3671: 3664: 3659: 3658: 3649: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3613: 3609: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3590: 3585: 3581: 3579:9789004180505 3575: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3560:9780198786924 3556: 3552: 3547: 3544: 3540: 3537: 3533: 3532: 3520: 3514: 3510: 3509: 3501: 3494: 3489: 3482: 3479: 3474: 3467: 3461: 3455:, p. 189 3454: 3449: 3447: 3438: 3434: 3427: 3418: 3411: 3406: 3399: 3398: 3393: 3387: 3380: 3375: 3366: 3359: 3356:11; Josephus 3355: 3350: 3343: 3339: 3333: 3326: 3321: 3319: 3310: 3306: 3299: 3292: 3287: 3280: 3275: 3268: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3235: 3234:Grainger 2010 3230: 3223: 3222:Grainger 2010 3218: 3211: 3206: 3197: 3190: 3189: 3183: 3174: 3166: 3159: 3152: 3151:Grainger 2010 3147: 3141:Polybius 33.5 3138: 3131: 3130:Grainger 2010 3126: 3120:, p. 325 3119: 3118:Grainger 2010 3114: 3112: 3104: 3099: 3090: 3083: 3082:Grainger 2010 3078: 3069: 3063:, p. 184 3062: 3057: 3051:, p. 183 3050: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3033: 3027: 3021:, p. 182 3020: 3015: 3008: 3007:original text 3004: 2999: 2992: 2987: 2978: 2972:, p. 181 2971: 2966: 2958: 2954: 2947: 2945: 2935: 2928: 2927:Grainger 2010 2923: 2921: 2919: 2911: 2910:Grainger 2010 2906: 2899: 2894: 2885: 2877: 2871: 2863: 2856: 2850:Diodorus 31.1 2847: 2840: 2839:Grainger 2010 2835: 2826: 2819: 2818:Grainger 2010 2814: 2807: 2802: 2795: 2794:Grainger 2010 2790: 2783: 2777: 2770: 2769:Grainger 2010 2765: 2756: 2747: 2738: 2731: 2730:Grainger 2010 2726: 2717: 2710: 2704: 2695: 2687: 2680: 2678: 2668: 2661: 2660:Grainger 2010 2656: 2648: 2644: 2637: 2630: 2629:Grainger 2010 2625: 2618: 2613: 2606: 2601: 2594: 2589: 2582: 2577: 2561: 2555: 2548: 2547:Morkholm 1961 2543: 2536: 2535:Grainger 2010 2531: 2525:, p. 143 2524: 2519: 2512: 2508: 2503: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2477: 2472: 2461:September 28, 2456: 2455:"Cleopatra I" 2449: 2447: 2440:, p. 274 2439: 2438:Grainger 2010 2434: 2432: 2415: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2389: 2374: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2332: 2331: 2324: 2320: 2314: 2310: 2304: 2302: 2297: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2274:Before 133 BC 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2219: 2217: 2216:Cleopatra III 2214: 2213: 2209: 2208:queen regnant 2206:. Eventually 2205: 2204:Antiochus VII 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2166: 2164:August 152 BC 2163: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2152: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2132: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2072: 2063: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2048:Land of Onias 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1985: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1963: 1958: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1892: 1887: 1883: 1881: 1876: 1872: 1865: 1860: 1851: 1849: 1848:Cleopatra III 1844: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1832:Cretan League 1829: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1808: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1774: 1769: 1760: 1758: 1747: 1745: 1739: 1737: 1733: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1695: 1693: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1652: 1650: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1625: 1619: 1612: 1608: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1579: 1575: 1561: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1530:Antiochus III 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1507: 1502: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1443:ancient Egypt 1440: 1436: 1433: 1429: 1421: 1417: 1409: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1356: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1329: 1325: 1317: 1314: 1310: 1284: 1282: 1275: 1263: 1260: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1235: 1232: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1211: 1204: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1165: 1161: 1158: 1157: 1153: 1150: 1146: 1126: 1124: 1117: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1091: 1084: 1081: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1048: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1012: 996: 994: 987: 973: 970: 967: 964: 961: 956: 951: 948: 943: 938: 935: 932: 929: 928: 925: 924: 920: 916: 913: 906: 905: 902: 900: 889: 886: 885: 882: 881: 878: 877: 861: 859: 852: 838: 835: 832: 827: 822: 819: 814: 809: 806: 799: 796: 795: 792: 791: 787: 783: 780: 773: 772: 769: 767: 756: 753: 752: 749: 748: 745: 744: 728: 726: 719: 702: 699: 696: 691: 688: 683: 680: 675: 672: 669: 666: 663: 662: 659: 658: 654: 650: 647: 640: 639: 636: 634: 623: 620: 619: 616: 615: 612: 611: 604: 600: 597: 596: 592: 589: 585: 570: 568: 548: 545: 542: 539: 535: 531: 527: 519: 516: 513: 510: 507: 502: 499: 494: 489: 484: 483: 480: 479: 473: 470: 459: 458: 455: 454: 451: 450: 447: 446: 443: 442: 435: 431: 428: 427: 423: 420: 416: 401: 399: 376: 373: 370: 363: 360: 352: 351: 348: 347: 341: 338: 327: 326: 323: 322: 319: 318: 315: 314: 311: 310: 305: 301: 298: 297: 293: 290: 286: 266: 264: 257: 237: 234: 231: 226: 223: 220: 215: 212: 209: 206: 198: 195: 194: 191: 190: 186: 182: 179: 166: 165: 162: 161: 158: 157: 154: 153: 150: 149: 144: 140: 137: 136: 132: 129: 125: 120: 114: 111: 107: 104: 100: 97: 93: 90: 86: 80: 78: 74: 70: 66: 61: 58: 54: 50: 47: 41: 36: 31: 19: 8589: 8582: 8575: 8563: 8556: 8549: 8542: 8535: 8528: 8521: 8514: 8502: 8495: 8478: 8471: 8464: 8457: 8450: 8443: 8436: 8429: 8397: 8390: 8376:Lucius Verus 8333: 8234: 8210:Berenice III 8200:Cleopatra IV 8175:Cleopatra II 8169: 8107:Alexander IV 8027:Nectanebo II 7996: 7977:Nepherites I 7936:Artaxerxes I 7923: 7853: 7841: 7824:(664–332 BC) 7804: 7760:Roman Period 7662:Shoshenq VII 7660: 7633: 7593: 7574:Shoshenq III 7556: 7521: 7484: 7462:Psusennes II 7375:Ramesses VII 7355:Ramesses III 7239:Amenhotep II 7234:Thutmose III 7170: 7059:Sobekemsaf I 7051: 7026: 7019: 7012: 7005: 6985: 6978: 6883: 6866: 6861:'Aper-'Anati 6859: 6852: 6845: 6825: 6818: 6811: 6804: 6797: 6790: 6783: 6769:Sekheperenre 6721: 6714: 6707: 6700: 6693: 6591:Neferhotep I 6581:Seth Meribre 6558: 6544:Djedkheperew 6461: 6422: 6413:Amenemhat IV 6403:Senusret III 6393:Amenemhat II 6309:Mentuhotep I 6271: 6160: 6120: 6113: 6106: 6099: 6025:Neferkare II 5976: 5969: 5902:Nyuserre Ini 5856: 5839: 5794: 5787: 5775: 5716: 5711:Neferkasokar 5709: 5702: 5685: 5678: 5671: 5664: 5657: 5650: 5615: 5608: 5516: 5499: 5492: 5485: 5478: 5471: 5464: 5459:Finger Snail 5457: 5450: 5430: 5418: 5411: 5404: 5397: 5390: 5383: 5376: 5369: 5362: 5355: 5348: 5341: 5334: 5297: 5157:Alexander II 5013:Paerisades V 4976:Spartokos IV 4940:Paerisades I 4915:Ariarathes X 4870:Ariarathes V 4845:Ariarathes I 4827:Antiochus IV 4812:Antiochus II 4744:Pharnaces II 4705:Ariobarzanes 4677:Nicomedes IV 4667:Nicomedes II 4593:Apollophanes 4578:Hippostratos 4493:Heliokles II 4453:Demetrius II 4433:Antimachus I 4395:Eucratides I 4390:Demetrius II 4375:Antimachus I 4360:Euthydemus I 4045:Ptolemy XIII 4020:Berenice III 3984: 3867:Antipater II 3834:Alexander IV 3763:Ptolemy VIII 3759:Cleopatra II 3745:Ptolemy VIII 3741:Cleopatra II 3732: 3727:Ptolemy VIII 3717:Ptolemy VIII 3707:Ptolemy VIII 3703:Cleopatra II 3690: 3669: 3662: 3655: 3629: 3611: 3607: 3588: 3569: 3550: 3542: 3535: 3529:Bibliography 3507: 3500: 3488: 3480: 3473: 3465: 3460: 3436: 3432: 3426: 3417: 3405: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3374: 3365: 3357: 3349: 3340:13.106-107; 3337: 3332: 3308: 3304: 3298: 3286: 3274: 3249: 3241: 3229: 3217: 3205: 3196: 3186: 3182: 3173: 3164: 3158: 3146: 3137: 3125: 3098: 3089: 3077: 3068: 3056: 3026: 3014: 3002: 2998: 2986: 2977: 2965: 2959:(2): 289–90. 2956: 2952: 2934: 2905: 2893: 2884: 2861: 2855: 2846: 2834: 2825: 2813: 2801: 2789: 2781: 2776: 2764: 2755: 2746: 2737: 2725: 2716: 2708: 2703: 2694: 2685: 2667: 2655: 2646: 2642: 2636: 2624: 2612: 2600: 2593:II Maccabees 2588: 2576: 2564:. Retrieved 2554: 2542: 2530: 2518: 2510: 2502: 2485: 2481: 2471: 2459:. Retrieved 2418:. Retrieved 2414:"Ptolemy VI" 2373: 2340: 2336: 2328: 2322: 2318: 2200:Demetrius II 2130: 2116: 2077: 2059: 2051: 2019: 1993: 1986: 1966: 1934: 1918: 1910:Demetrius II 1895: 1891:Demetrius II 1868: 1840: 1824: 1809: 1796:Roman Senate 1793: 1773:Ptolemy VIII 1753: 1740: 1731: 1729: 1705: 1701: 1688: 1668: 1653: 1648: 1645: 1628:Antiochus IV 1621: 1611:Antiochus IV 1587: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1553:Ptolemy VIII 1549:Cleopatra II 1546: 1511: 1474: 1462:Ptolemy VIII 1458:Cleopatra II 1447: 1427: 1415: 1414: 1316:Cleopatra II 1163: 1159: 602: 598: 433: 429: 419:Golden Horus 303: 299: 142: 138: 110:Cleopatra II 106:Ptolemy VIII 83:163 – 145 BC 81:180 – 164 BC 8480:Gordian III 8425:Diadumenian 8225:Cleopatra V 8079:(332–30 BC) 8074:Hellenistic 8017:Nectanebo I 7909:Cambyses II 7891:Psamtik III 7849:Tefnakht II 7651:Takelot III 7646:Osorkon III 7641:Shoshenq VI 7595:Pedubast II 7579:Shoshenq IV 7552:Shoshenq II 7517:Pinedjem II 7507:Menkheperre 7442:Psusennes I 7395:Ramesses XI 7385:Ramesses IX 7370:Ramesses VI 7360:Ramesses IV 7307:Ramesses II 7269:Tutankhamun 7244:Thutmose IV 7224:Thutmose II 7214:Amenhotep I 7186:New Kingdom 7121:New Kingdom 6980:Senusret IV 6964:Dedumose II 6939:Nebiriau II 6934:Nebiryraw I 6929:Mentuhotepi 6734:Khakherewre 6661:Merkheperre 6571:Imyremeshaw 6554:Sedjefakare 6509:Sehetepibre 6484:Ameny Qemau 6418:Sobekneferu 6398:Senusret II 6383:Amenemhat I 6365:Iyibkhentre 6095:Neferirkare 6090:Neferkauhor 5897:Shepseskare 5738:Old Kingdom 5724:Khasekhemwy 5704:Neferkara I 5673:Weneg-Nebty 5518:Scorpion II 5178:Pyrrhus III 5162:Olympias II 5132:Alexander I 4989: [ 4986:Spartokos V 4855:Ariamnes II 4802:Antiochus I 4764:Pythodorida 4720:Pharnaces I 4641:Zipoetes II 4636:Nicomedes I 4553:Artemidoros 4548:Menander II 4488:Antialcidas 4473:Agathokleia 4428:Demetrius I 4420:Indo-Greeks 4410:Heliocles I 4365:Demetrius I 4355:Diodotus II 4332:Eumenes III 4327:Attalus III 4302:Philetaerus 4271:Lysimachids 4083:Berenice II 4050:Ptolemy XIV 3932:(pretender) 3862:Alexander V 3844:Antipatrids 3802:Hellenistic 3699:Cleopatra I 3685:Cleopatra I 3379:I Maccabees 3354:I Maccabees 3342:I Maccabees 3291:I Maccabees 3246:I Maccabees 2279:Attalus III 2227:160–155 BC? 2196:Alexander I 2096:Lower Nubia 2044:Leontopolis 2040:high priest 2012:at Philae. 1816:Antiochus V 1812:Demetrius I 1736:Idios Logos 1649:anakleteria 1624:Seleucus IV 1534:Coele-Syria 1518:Cleopatra I 1454:Cleopatra I 1372:Cleopatra I 96:Cleopatra I 88:Predecessor 8757:Categories 8597:Diocletian 8551:Quintillus 8504:Aemilianus 8459:Gordian II 8431:Elagabalus 8252:Arsinoe IV 8135:Arsinoe II 8060:Darius III 7987:Psammuthes 7876:Psamtik II 7691:Bakenranef 7629:Pedubast I 7624:Takelot II 7619:Harsiese A 7601:Osorkon IV 7589:Shoshenq V 7569:Osorkon II 7542:Shoshenq I 7512:Smendes II 7492:Pinedjem I 7437:Amenemnisu 7390:Ramesses X 7365:Ramesses V 7317:Amenmesses 7297:Ramesses I 7259:Smenkhkare 7229:Hatshepsut 7219:Thutmose I 6969:Montuemsaf 6959:Dedumose I 6759:Nebdjefare 6749:Merdjefare 6519:Nedjemibre 6514:Sewadjkare 6388:Senusret I 6360:Qakare Ini 6181:Meryhathor 6085:Neferkaure 6080:Qakare Iby 6065:Neferkahor 6050:Neferkamin 5858:Thamphthis 5852:Shepseskaf 5766:Sekhemkhet 5617:Horus Bird 5494:Scorpion I 5168:Pyrrhus II 5147:Alcetas II 5112:Tharrhypas 5079:Gepaepyris 5051:Scribonius 4945:Satyros II 4875:Orophernes 4787:Ptolemaeus 4769:Polemon II 4662:Prusias II 4631:Zipoetes I 4603:Strato III 4528:Theophilos 4508:Philoxenus 4463:Menander I 4443:Agathocles 4385:Agathocles 4350:Diodotus I 4322:Attalus II 4317:Eumenes II 4279:Lysimachus 3887:Antigonids 3636:Ptolemy VI 3598:0415201454 3493:Hölbl 2001 3464:Josephus, 3453:Hölbl 2001 3390:Josephus, 3381:11.1-11.19 3267:Hölbl 2001 3210:Hölbl 2001 3103:Hölbl 2001 3061:Hölbl 2001 3049:Hölbl 2001 3019:Hölbl 2001 2991:Hölbl 2001 2970:Hölbl 2001 2898:Hölbl 2001 2806:Hölbl 2001 2707:Porphyry, 2649:: 107–113. 2617:Hölbl 2001 2581:Hölbl 2001 2523:Hölbl 2001 2488:(2): 221. 2385:References 2343:(2): 129. 2325:: 13 n. 2. 2309:Horus name 2235:Ptolemy IX 2080:Ptolemy IV 1680:Alexandria 1675:Samothrace 1673:island of 1664:Nile Delta 1477:Alexandria 1452:and Queen 1398:Alexandria 289:Nebty name 128:Horus name 18:Ptolemy VI 8729:Ptolemaic 8537:Gallienus 8452:Gordian I 8415:Caracalla 8341:Vespasian 8335:Vitellius 8117:Ptolemaic 7959:Amyrtaeus 7941:Darius II 7886:Ahmose II 7866:Psamtik I 7805:uncertain 7793:Pharaohs 7729:Tanutamun 7564:Takelot I 7547:Osorkon I 7497:Masaharta 7447:Amenemope 7350:Setnakhte 7312:Merneptah 7254:Akhenaten 7171:uncertain 7053:Nebmaatre 6874:Sakir-Har 6827:Yaqub-Har 6739:Nebefawre 6489:Hotepibre 6355:Segerseni 6324:Intef III 6272:uncertain 6260:Pharaohs 5892:Neferefre 5718:Hudjefa I 5599:Semerkhet 5336:Hedju Hor 5298:uncertain 5286:Pharaohs 5152:Pyrrhus I 5117:Alcetas I 5023:Pharnaces 4998:Kamasarye 4981:Leukon II 4965:Hygiainon 4920:Archelaus 4759:Polemon I 4657:Prusias I 4598:Strato II 4588:Zoilos II 4583:Dionysios 4563:Archebius 4533:Peukolaos 4498:Polyxenos 4438:Pantaleon 4380:Pantaleon 4312:Attalus I 4307:Eumenes I 4113:Seleucids 3941:Ptolemies 3930:Philip VI 3877:Sosthenes 3857:Philip IV 3852:Cassander 3819:Philip II 3665:c. 185 BC 3336:Josephus 3311:: 105–17. 3252:13.80-82. 3003:P. Genova 2870:cite book 2784:260 F 2.7 2711:260 F 49a 2607:XLII.26.8 2365:191391700 2313:Apis Bull 2251:c. 152 BC 2239:Ptolemy X 2184:c. 164 BC 2117:strategos 2060:politeuma 2052:politeuma 2032:Maccabees 2027:Jerusalem 1757:Cyrenaica 1725:Panopolis 1569:Regencies 1514:Ptolemy V 1482:Cyrenaica 1450:Ptolemy V 1362:Ptolemy V 102:Successor 92:Ptolemy V 8689:21 to 23 8607:Galerius 8602:Maximian 8591:Numerian 8558:Aurelian 8510:Valerian 8473:Balbinus 8466:Pupienus 8420:Macrinus 8392:Pertinax 8386:Commodus 8351:Domitian 8314:Claudius 8309:Caligula 8304:Tiberius 8299:Augustus 7919:Darius I 7871:Necho II 7714:Shebitku 7686:Tefnakht 7279:Horemheb 7209:Ahmose I 7021:Pantjeny 7007:Senebkay 6987:Pepi III 6949:Bebiankh 6806:Shenshek 6764:Nebsenre 6596:Sihathor 6566:Khendjer 6529:Renseneb 6474:Nerikare 6319:Intef II 6196:Merykare 6101:Wadjkare 6045:Merenhor 5940:Userkare 5847:Menkaure 5841:Bikheris 5830:Djedefre 5796:Qahedjet 5680:Wadjenes 5666:Horus Sa 5659:Nubnefer 5646:Nynetjer 5610:Sneferka 5350:Ni-Neith 5236:Pharaohs 5183:Deidamia 5164:(regent) 5137:Aeacides 5074:Aspurgus 4967:(regent) 4950:Prytanis 4792:Sames II 4648:(regent) 4621:Boteiras 4568:Telephos 4558:Hermaeus 4513:Diomedes 4483:Strato I 4468:Zoilos I 4294:Attalids 3981:(regent) 3920:Philip V 3614:: 32–43. 3478:Josephus 3468:13.74-79 3439:: 53–61. 3394:13.120; 2482:Hesperia 2283:Pergamum 2271:160s BC? 2266:Berenice 2192:Seleucid 2187:121/0 BC 2056:ethnarch 2036:Onias IV 2022:Josephus 2010:Mandulis 1994:CG 22184 1982:Serapeum 1929:Diodotus 1921:Josephus 1889:Coin of 1862:Coin of 1828:Lapethus 1771:Coin of 1656:Pelusium 1584:Pharaohs 1526:Seleucid 1327:Children 46:Egyptian 8584:Carinus 8565:Tacitus 8523:Quietus 8366:Hadrian 8050:Khabash 7881:Wahibre 7861:Necho I 7855:Nekauba 7843:Ammeris 7786:Dynasty 7724:Taharqa 7719:Shabaka 7656:Rudamun 7635:Iuput I 7480:Herihor 7432:Smendes 7332:Twosret 7322:Seti II 7166:female) 7151:Dynasty 7047:Rahotep 6944:Semenre 6914:Djehuti 6896:Khamudi 6885:Yanassi 6868:Salitis 6820:Yakareb 6813:Khamure 6744:Sehebre 6666:Merkare 6314:Intef I 6253:Dynasty 6162:Imhotep 6122:Iytjenu 6108:Khuiqer 6020:Menkare 5971:Neferka 5955:Pepi II 5877:Userkaf 5771:Sanakht 5594:Anedjib 5574:Hor-Aha 5507:Iry-Hor 5501:Shendjw 5473:Pen-Abu 5357:Hat-Hor 5279:Dynasty 5173:Ptolemy 5127:Arybbas 5107:Admetus 5089:Cotys I 5069:Polemon 5064:Polemon 5060:Dynamis 5055:Dynamis 5046:Dynamis 5042:Asander 5032:Dynamis 5028:Asander 4955:Eumelos 4754:Arsaces 4729:Laodice 4652:Ziaelas 4646:Etazeta 4523:Epander 4518:Amyntas 3925:Perseus 3811:Argeads 3632:, 1923) 3536:EuGeStA 2566:May 22, 2420:May 22, 2246:Ptolemy 2121:Boethus 2086:to the 1990:decrees 1978:Memphis 1925:Antioch 1898:Cilicia 1820:talents 1784:pharaoh 1721:Thebaid 1712:stadium 1684:Memphis 1637:Macedon 1404:Dynasty 1349:Ptolemy 1322:175 BC) 1312:Consort 67:of the 57:Pharaoh 49:pschent 8724:Argead 8571:Probus 8491:Decius 8486:Philip 8361:Trajan 8089:Argead 7998:Muthis 7951:XXVIII 7931:Xerxes 7799:female 7777:Period 7486:Piankh 7457:Siamun 7327:Siptah 7302:Seti I 7142:Period 7094:Kamose 7028:Snaaib 6998:Abydos 6854:Semqen 6847:Sharek 6799:Sheneh 6779:'Apepi 6774:Bebnum 6729:Nehesy 6549:Sebkay 6469:Sonbef 6266:female 6244:Period 6055:Nikare 5945:Pepi I 5882:Sahure 5835:Khafre 5820:Snefru 5789:Sedjes 5761:Djoser 5687:Senedj 5565:Narmer 5524:Narmer 5406:Wazner 5371:Hsekiu 5343:Ny-Hor 5292:female 5270:Period 4749:Darius 4543:Nicias 4538:Thraso 4478:Lysias 3804:rulers 3672:145 BC 3668: 3595: 3576: 3557: 3515: 3293:11.3-8 3034:5.1.1. 3005:3.92 ( 2507:Jerome 2494:148087 2492: 2476:IG II² 2363: 2357:502666 2355: 2202:, and 2194:kings 2149:Notes 2108:Philae 2002:Philae 1962:Aegina 1947:Regime 1906:Judaea 1788:Louvre 1744:Cyprus 1717:Fayyum 1671:Aegean 1538:Judaea 1508:diadem 1486:Cyprus 1394:Burial 1368:Mother 1358:Father 8577:Carus 8356:Nerva 8346:Titus 8324:Galba 8291:XXXIV 8276:Roman 8055:Arses 7982:Hakor 7901:XXVII 7611:XXIII 7201:XVIII 7161:(male 6891:Apepi 6879:Khyan 6792:Wazad 6560:Wegaf 6494:Iufni 6348:Nubia 6156:Setut 5978:Nefer 5825:Khufu 5783:Khaba 5777:Nebka 5641:Nebra 5569:Menes 5528:Menes 5480:Stork 5443:Upper 5399:Neheb 5392:Thesh 5378:Khayu 5327:Lower 5062:with 5044:with 5030:with 4993:] 4727:with 4400:Plato 4078:Magas 3739:with 3697:with 3670:Died: 3663:Born: 2513:11.20 2490:JSTOR 2361:S2CID 2353:JSTOR 2292:Notes 2146:Death 2143:Birth 2140:Image 2100:Nubia 2084:Aswan 1660:Sinai 1592:Horus 1542:Egypt 1528:king 1506:Greek 1432:Greek 1420:Greek 1149:Nomen 77:Reign 8410:Geta 8329:Otho 8319:Nero 8037:XXXI 8022:Teos 7969:XXIX 7834:XXVI 7819:Late 7796:male 7756:Late 7709:Piye 7678:XXIV 7584:Pami 7534:XXII 7123:and 7039:XVII 6785:Nuya 6454:XIII 6263:male 6225:and 6115:Khui 6012:VIII 5935:Teti 5917:Unas 5802:Huni 5604:Qa'a 5584:Djet 5579:Djer 5487:Bull 5466:Fish 5432:Wash 5413:Mekh 5289:male 3593:ISBN 3574:ISBN 3555:ISBN 3513:ISBN 3188:OGIS 2876:link 2782:FGrH 2709:FGrH 2605:Livy 2568:2013 2463:2019 2422:2013 2237:and 2137:Name 2104:Isis 1974:Apis 1972:and 1970:Ptah 1802:and 1635:and 1633:Rome 1596:Isis 1536:and 1516:and 1435:king 1386:Died 1378:Born 65:King 8009:XXX 7758:to 7701:XXV 7424:XXI 7289:XIX 6906:XVI 6686:XIV 6534:Hor 6375:XII 6008:VII 5753:III 5589:Den 5385:Tiu 5251:to 4626:Bas 3309:167 3191:116 2345:doi 2330:SEG 2281:of 2106:at 2094:or 1976:at 1437:of 8759:: 8719:31 8714:30 8709:27 8704:26 8699:25 8694:24 8684:20 8679:19 8674:18 8669:12 8664:11 7342:XX 7274:Ay 6838:XV 6301:XI 6133:IX 5927:VI 5812:IV 5652:Ba 5628:II 5567:/ 5526:/ 5512:Ka 5364:Pu 4991:ru 3612:22 3610:. 3445:^ 3437:95 3435:. 3317:^ 3307:. 3257:^ 3110:^ 3039:^ 2957:43 2955:. 2943:^ 2917:^ 2872:}} 2868:{{ 2676:^ 2647:47 2645:. 2595:3. 2509:, 2486:60 2484:. 2445:^ 2430:^ 2392:^ 2359:. 2351:. 2341:65 2339:. 2323:17 2321:. 2300:^ 2198:, 1927:, 1882:. 1727:. 1666:. 1426:, 1422:: 1320:m. 8659:4 8655:3 8652:2 8648:1 6173:X 6010:/ 5869:V 5557:I 5452:A 5420:A 5228:e 5221:t 5214:v 3794:e 3787:t 3780:v 3601:. 3582:. 3563:. 3521:. 3009:) 2878:) 2570:. 2496:. 2465:. 2424:. 2367:. 2347:: 1790:) 1786:( 1418:( 1318:( 20:)

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Knowledge

Ptolemy VI Philometor

Index