515:
20:
236:
Commission promoted housing as a right for all
Australians that should be targeted to low-income workers on a user-pays basis. While most recommendations of the 1944 Commonwealth Housing Commission Report were ignored by the federal government, the 1945 Commonwealth State Housing Agreement (CSHA) allowed the states to establish and operate public housing as funded by the Commonwealth via cheap loans, as well as encouraged states to provide rental rebates for low-income workers. While all states operated their public housing schemes in varying ways and with different objectives (for New South Wales and Victoria in particular, a major focus was slum clearance and rehousing of the poverty stricken), preference for public housing was given to large families and recently returned servicemen.
133:). Their official name tends to change with the way each state government prioritises public housing within its departmental structure. For example, for a time in the 1980s, Victoria's public housing had its own department (Department of Planning and Housing). Since the early 1990s, departmental restructuring under the Kennett government relegated its status to the "Office of Housing" within the Department of Planning and Development. It has since been moved from a "bricks and mortar" issue to one of health and welfare, now being an office within the Department of Human Services. The management of some public housing has been outsourced to not-for-profit management companies as part of a
96:
644:
215:
the 1930s, which involved tactics ranging from demonstrations to the occupation of real estate offices and homes, led to the introduction of government rental assistance in some states and fuelled demands for public housing. From the political right, there was slowly amounting pressure to reclaim the slum sites (often formed in seaside areas in
Australian capital cities) for more economically productive activities. At the same time, proponents of the emerging town planning movement in Australia began actively arguing for state and national government involvement in developing town plans as a means of slum eradication. Inspired by the
228:
1937). These reports uniformly pointed to the proven inability of finance schemes directed towards home ownership to improve the housing system for the working class. This in combination with growing social pressure for housing reform drove the
Tasmanian Government to establish a housing division via the Agricultural Bank in 1935, as well as prompted the creation of the 1937 South Australian Housing Trust, the 1938 Victorian Housing Commission, and the 1942 NSW Housing Commission. And then World War II broke out.
74:
203:, unemployment in Australia rose to over 30%. In addition to the rising level of poverty, the lack of new housing stock in Australia left an unprecedented number of workers left powerless in the face of merciless private landlords who at the time had the legal right to take as ransom the belongings of renters to cover unpaid rent and rapidly deteriorating living conditions. This resulted in a significant amount of urban renters turning to informal settlements and "slums" for shelter, such as Melbourne's
162:. These estates generally comprise 3-5 story walk-up flats and 8-22 story high-rise towers. Since the late 1990s, the Victorian government has embarked on a process of redeveloping its inner-city estates with a mix of public and private housing. Low-density suburban estates can be found in nearly every city and town in Australia. Some of the low-density housing has been sold off over the years to long term tenants, and some has begun to circulate on the private property market at high prices in
85:
46:) operates within the framework of the Commonwealth-State Housing Agreement, by which funding for public and community housing is provided by both federal and state governments. According to the 2006 census, Australia's public housing stock consisted of some 304,000 dwellings out of a total housing stock of more than 7.1 million dwellings, or 4.2% of all housing stock (compared with 20% in Denmark, 46% "low rent housing" in France and 50% public housing in the UK at peak).
63:
107:
240:
others lived in former military properties up until the late 1950s. During this period, Australia recovered from the economic effects of World War II and, like many other
Western nations at the same time, enjoyed a period of uninterrupted economic development. As the economy strengthened, the private housing market once again became a significant supplier of new housing stock. In 1956, the Liberal-Country Coalition Prime Minister
196:
Commonwealth government established the War
Service Homes Scheme in 1919 which offered very competitive loans to returned war servicemen for the purpose of constructing or buying a home. Although the 1920s saw a rebound in terms of economic and housing activity, the Great Depression of the 1930s saw economic and housing conditions returned to that of the worst days of the 1890s.
50:
community and social housing models, reinforced through government policies which aim to sell large amounts of public homes into the private market. This has led to recent campaigns to save public housing marked for demolition, and advocate for upgrades and maintenance and construction of new public housing dwellings, such as the
308:
models. This can create tension between non-government organisations working on housing and homelessness, with some vying for management or ownership of previously state-owned or managed public housing, while other organisations resist privatisation and advocate for the expansion of public housing as
227:
Another round of reports was commissioned by federal and state governments in the mid to late 1930s, including those of the
Housing Investigation and Slum Abolition Board (Victoria, 1936), the Housing Slums Investigations Committee (NSW, 1936), and the Building Act Inquiry Committee (South Australia,
214:
laid the blame for the poor social conditions of the 1930s in the capital cities squarely at the feet of the private landlords as well as the state and
Commonwealth banks, which were popularly understood to also have played a critical role in the 1890s economic crash. Resistance to evictions during
256:
idea that government intervention by the way of public housing was one of the causes of the problem. This idea was helped along by the 1975 Royal
Commission into Poverty that claimed that “Of the total 183,000 housing authority tenants the total poor numbered only 51,000; 132,000 housing commission
195:
From 1912 to 1918, several state governments commissioned reports investigating their state’s housing system failures, resulting in the establishment of various financial schemes across all states that focused on making home ownership more attainable for more of the working class. In addition, the
188:
housing options available were private leasehold (accounting for 45% of tenure arrangements in
Australia in 1911), owner-occupier freehold (accounting for 50% of tenure arrangements), and other informal tenure arrangements. Before economic recovery was achieved, however, all progress was halted by
187:
from 1945 to 1975, issues of affordable housing and housing conditions in state capitals for workers had become a concern of governments from early in the 20th century. In the first decade of the 1900s, Australia was still feeling the effects of the 1890s economic depression. At the time, the only
300:
the average LGA lost 17.8% of its public housing dwellings. The public housing waiting list in
Victoria, for example, was at 45,600 applications, representing 99,000 people, as of June 2020. This represents a dramatic increase in applications in recent years. There is a severe lack of new public
239:
Under the first CSHA which was in place from 1945 to 1956, public housing stock nationwide rose from next to zero to 96,292 dwellings. Getting construction under way took time however and a continuing shortfall meant that many people squatted disused housing during the mid to late 1940s while
235:
and a housing market that had been at near standstill for a decade, the Commonwealth Housing Commission was established in 1943. Arguing that “it has been apparent, for many years, that private enterprise, the world over has not adequately and hygienically been housing the low income group”, the
312:
There have been a number of recent campaigns to save public housing marked for demolition, advocate for upgrades and maintenance and construction of new public housing dwellings. State governments will occasionally announce funding policies for upgrades and maintenance. The issue of empty state
244:
renegotiated the 1945 CSHA, sounding the death knell to the golden age of public housing in Australia. Under the new CSHA, federal money was diverted away from public housing and rental assistance schemes, states were allowed to sell public housing via any means they saw fit, and private home
49:
Housing advocates have urged construction of new public housing dwellings to meet the rising numbers of families seeking public housing. Existing public housing stock has been severely underfunded, and older buildings demolished. There are also moves towards privatisation and transition into
145:
Australian public housing has traditionally been of two main types – inner-city medium to high-rise apartments, and low-density townhouses or fully detached houses on master-planned estates located on, what were at the time of construction, the suburban fringes of cities and towns. The
271:
In recent years, not-for-profit community housing providers have developed a more prominent role in providing affordable housing to eligible tenants. These community housing providers are usually registered charities and include not for profit housing associations and rental
976:
219:
in the United Kingdom, it was thought that the rationalization of urban development via town planning could not only improve the urban environment, but also social behavior. In the case of Victoria, Methodist social reformer
1065:
Dalton, T. (1988). Architects, engineers and rent collectors: an organisational history of the Commission. In Howe, R. (Ed.). New Houses for Old. Fifty Years of Public Housing in Victoria. Melbourne: Ministry of Housing and
710:
850:
Berry, M. (1988). To buy or rent? The demise of dual tenure policy in Australia'. In Howe, R. (Ed). New Houses for Old. Fifty Years of Public Housing in Victoria. Melbourne: Ministry of Housing and Construction.
325:
Some suburbs of Australian cities with a high concentration of public housing, with at least 15% of all occupied dwellings recorded as being rented from a state or territory housing authority include:
207:. The state of the housing system nationwide and the squalor in which those who were subject to it lived drew protests from the working class and the criticism of reformists from various backgrounds.
313:
government-owned homes is increasing as every state has hundreds or thousands of empty homes that could be transferred to public housing registers. In Melbourne, Victoria, this issue led to the
1297:
117:
The state government departments which are responsible for providing public housing have been known by a variety of names due to their history in each state, such as the Office of Housing (
859:
Hayward, D. (1996). What are these references even The reluctant landlords? A history of public housing in Victoria. Urban Policy and Research, 14(1), 5-36. DOI 10.1080/08111149608551610.
1348:
2092:
999:
Kusterman, R. (2010). The Sustainability of Affordable Housing in Australia –Lessons Learnt from Studies in Brazil. National Association of Women in Construction. Retrieved from:
514:
23:
Dwellings rented from a State or Territory housing authority as a percentage of all dwellings in Australia divided geographically by statistical local area, at the 2011 census
19:
977:"Resources About Australian Housing Justice and Unwaged Rights Campaigns. Rental Histories tour of Brunswick from Great Depression to Postwar Housing Crisis by Hannah Garvan"
1323:
211:
292:
Construction of new public housing dwellings is currently at its lowest rate for 40 years and existing public housing stock is severely underfunded. The average Sydney
224:
during this period was particularly influential in creating wider popular concern (as well as voyeuristic interest) in the awful condition of the slums in Melbourne.
766:
605:
1272:
733:
2109:
544:
791:
1093:
Troy, P. & Lloyd, C. (1981). The Commonwealth Housing Commission and a National Housing Policy. Australian National University. Retrieved from:
518:
Dwellings rented from the NSW housing authority as a percentage of all dwellings in Sydney divided geographically by postal area, at the 2011 census
1990:
1185:
Groenhart, L. and Burke, T. (2014). Thirty years of public housing supply and consumption: 1981–2011. AHURI Final Report, 231. Retrieved from:
1995:
1474:
2260:
280:
is an example of a housing association. Cooperation between state housing departments and community housing providers is increasing, as in
1422:
1397:
815:
1516:
554:
1372:
1248:
656:
245:
ownership was encouraged once more. From 1956 onwards, roughly 90,000 public housing built under the CSHA were sold across Australia.
1763:
682:
248:
Further heralding the end of public housing was the emergence of economic rationalism in the 1960 and 1970s. Replacing the post-War
1479:
629:
284:
where prospective tenants who are on the waiting list for public housing are now also on the waiting list for community housing.
276:. Organisations such as the Brisbane Housing Company, a not-for-profit corporation operated by the Queensland Government and the
1020:
Howe, R. (1988). New Houses for Old: Fifty Years of Public Housing in Victoria. Melbourne: Ministry of Housing and Construction.
1000:
2037:
1847:
1655:
1569:
1933:
1773:
2478:
2049:
1589:
1584:
1579:
566:
2483:
2436:
2380:
2275:
1781:
1615:
1529:
1222:
951:
39:
2443:
1574:
1554:
1985:
1886:
1786:
1706:
1640:
1135:
1713:
1650:
1635:
317:
in which homeless people were housed by community campaigns in homes left empty by the Victorian state government.
252:
idea that government intervention in the housing markets was a necessary virtue, public opinion was swaying to the
2154:
1953:
1943:
1879:
1620:
1594:
549:
314:
184:
51:
2240:
2139:
1859:
1837:
1743:
1549:
1509:
586:
534:
357:
305:
266:
31:
2390:
2307:
2183:
2032:
2025:
1896:
1842:
1645:
1625:
1454:
1207:
444:
345:
2375:
2169:
1906:
1869:
1748:
1738:
1610:
450:
1298:"Decades of neglect: Victoria has built less than 10% of its public housing pledge as waiting list swells"
645:
Tenure Type and Landlord Type by Dwelling Structure - 2006 Census results, Australian Bureau of Statistics
2144:
2097:
2044:
1791:
1758:
1686:
581:
463:
438:
351:
89:
66:
54:
in which homeless people were housed by community in homes left empty by the Victorian state government.
2210:
2114:
1968:
1923:
1827:
571:
493:
432:
339:
100:
2330:
2287:
2235:
2134:
1980:
1948:
1864:
1854:
1822:
1502:
576:
481:
111:
95:
2245:
2230:
2077:
1913:
1874:
1701:
505:
499:
475:
370:
221:
2395:
2270:
2250:
2225:
2205:
1958:
1928:
1753:
1630:
1559:
487:
257:
rented dwellings (72%) were occupied by people with incomes more than 120% of the poverty line”.
606:"What is the difference between social housing and affordable housing - and why do they matter?"
2302:
2280:
2255:
2220:
2200:
2164:
2002:
1973:
1963:
1938:
1901:
1832:
1669:
1564:
469:
395:
1094:
2365:
2297:
2195:
2149:
2012:
1918:
1805:
1691:
1001:
https://www.nawic.com.au/documents/NAWIC/IWD/2014/NAWIC_SustainableAffordableHousing_RMK1.pdf
407:
382:
293:
277:
78:
2429:
2400:
2322:
2159:
2129:
2065:
2020:
1733:
1728:
1696:
1681:
1537:
419:
273:
216:
8:
2350:
2292:
2124:
2087:
1817:
401:
118:
2452:
2410:
2385:
2370:
2360:
2355:
2345:
2312:
2215:
2119:
1723:
1718:
1186:
626:
2340:
2082:
741:
413:
376:
134:
183:
While many Australian housing affordability academics attribute the "Golden Age" of
2457:
1891:
816:"Drugs, disadvantage and murder: What life was like in the 'waiting room for hell'"
683:"Canberra is about to get more public housing. Where will the Government build it?"
200:
711:"The Ghetto of the Bush: Local stigma toward public housing in regional Australia"
633:
130:
73:
2335:
241:
167:
163:
35:
657:"Social housing shift offers 60,000 jobs, 30,000 new homes — and so much more"
84:
2472:
1349:"'Real crime is state-owned houses sitting empty' says trespasser councillor"
841:
Kemeny, J. (1983), The Great Australian Nightmare. Melbourne: Georgian House.
745:
126:
1324:"'I had to sleep in the car': Crisis puts social housing back on the agenda"
832:
Sandercock, L. (1977). Cities for Sale. Carlton: Melbourne University Press.
232:
204:
62:
2405:
2265:
1464:
539:
189:
952:"Lock Out The Landlords: Australian Anti-Eviction Resistance 1929-1936"
281:
253:
122:
1525:
1494:
249:
147:
1249:"Australia needs to reboot affordable housing funding, not scrap it"
106:
627:
The Reluctant Landlords? - A History of Public Housing in Australia
304:
There are also moves towards privatisation through transition into
69:, the first purpose-built public housing project in New South Wales
309:
the preferred model to alleviate waiting lists and homelessness.
1223:"Fact check: Have social housing levels fallen to historic lows?"
1489:
1484:
1469:
1459:
1398:"Why a vacancy tax won't solve Australia's empty houses problem"
1273:"Housing assistance in Australia 2020, Social housing dwellings"
158:, with a high-rise tower block development in Stainforth Court,
734:"Sydney's endangered Sirius public housing tower – in pictures"
296:(LGA) lost 30% of its public housing between 2006 and 2021. In
159:
151:
42:. Australian public housing (often historically referred to as
155:
1095:
http://apo.org.au/system/files/60176/apo-nid60176-98876.pdf
137:
philosophy to target it towards people with special needs.
1448:
1423:"Melbourne squatters given reprieve following court case"
1136:"Squatting's place in winning Emergency Housing, 1945-48"
178:
1490:
Western Australian Department of Housing & Works
1187:
http://www.ahuri.edu.au/publications/projects/51002
792:"Squatters stage protest occupation in Collingwood"
767:"Tenants in limbo over public housing revamp plan"
545:Public housing in the Australian Capital Territory
608:. Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute
2470:
1247:Martin, Chris; Pawson, Hal (19 February 2017).
30:is one part of social housing and the other is
708:
320:
1510:
146:inner-city public housing is mostly found in
1246:
1517:
1503:
1277:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
555:American Radburn design for public housing
1321:
16:Government supported housing in Australia
1346:
1133:
974:
949:
731:
709:Rosser, Elise; Lishomwa, Lileko (2015).
680:
513:
125:) and Housing SA (formerly known as the
105:
94:
83:
72:
61:
18:
1449:State and territory housing departments
1373:"Public housing vacant for eight years"
287:
2471:
1524:
1465:Territory Housing (Northern Territory)
789:
764:
179:Public housing from the 1890s to 1970s
88:Golden Grove Public housing estate in
1498:
560:
1455:Housing & Community Services ACT
704:
702:
567:Australian residential rental market
328:
260:
13:
1208:Queensland Department of Housing,
14:
2495:
1443:
1140:The Commons Social Change Library
981:The Commons Social Change Library
956:The Commons Social Change Library
699:
638:
140:
99:Wandana Public housing estate in
1470:Queensland Department of Housing
732:Keneally, Patrick (2016-09-19).
1415:
1390:
1365:
1340:
1322:Topsfield, Jewel (2020-11-09).
1315:
1290:
1265:
1240:
1215:
1201:
1192:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1152:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1087:
1078:
1069:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1005:
993:
968:
943:
934:
925:
916:
907:
898:
889:
880:
871:
862:
853:
844:
835:
826:
808:
681:Mannheim, Markus (2020-08-05).
550:Bendigo street housing campaign
315:Bendigo street housing campaign
185:affordable housing in Australia
52:Bendigo street housing campaign
783:
758:
725:
674:
649:
620:
598:
535:Housing Commission of Victoria
267:Community housing in Australia
121:), the Department of Housing (
38:is provided by departments of
1:
1347:McCosker, Ruth (2017-03-22).
1134:McIntyre, Iain (2020-08-31).
1075:(quoted in Martin, 1988, p.5)
975:McIntyre, Iain (2020-08-31).
950:McIntyre, Iain (2019-03-26).
790:Dobbin, Marika (2016-03-30).
592:
1377:Central Coast Community News
765:Gorrey, Megan (2020-12-27).
7:
2479:Public housing in Australia
1485:Victorian Office of Housing
582:Home ownership in Australia
528:
321:Suburbs with public housing
90:Darlington, New South Wales
57:
28:Public housing in Australia
10:
2500:
2484:Public policy in Australia
572:Australian property bubble
264:
212:Australian Labour Movement
173:
101:Subiaco, Western Australia
2423:
2321:
2191:
2182:
2073:
2064:
2011:
1887:Intelligence and security
1813:
1804:
1772:
1677:
1668:
1603:
1545:
1536:
1210:One Social Housing System
771:The Sydney Morning Herald
577:Homelessness in Australia
112:Waterloo, New South Wales
110:Public housing estate in
77:Public housing estate in
231:Against the backdrop of
222:Frederick Oswald Barnett
2281:Indigenous Australians
1782:States and territories
1198:(Hayward, 1996, p. 24)
519:
114:
103:
92:
81:
70:
24:
1575:Territorial evolution
517:
294:local government area
278:Brisbane City Council
274:housing co-operatives
109:
98:
87:
79:Collingwood, Victoria
76:
65:
22:
2021:Cabinet of Australia
1996:Government ministers
1764:World Heritage Sites
1570:European exploration
877:(Hayward, 1996, p.7)
288:Public housing today
217:garden city movement
44:"Housing Commission"
2093:Gross state product
587:Housing in Victoria
301:housing dwellings.
192:from 1914 to 1918.
2411:Australian studies
2346:Australian English
2155:Telecommunications
1991:Government leaders
1934:Political ideology
1167:(Kestermann, 2010)
1029:(Sandercock, 1977)
1011:(Sandercock, 1977)
632:2007-09-01 at the
561:Australian housing
520:
154:and to an extent,
115:
104:
93:
82:
71:
25:
2466:
2465:
2419:
2418:
2241:Human trafficking
2178:
2177:
2060:
2059:
1860:Foreign relations
1800:
1799:
1664:
1663:
1611:Asian Australians
525:
524:
306:community housing
261:Community housing
135:demand management
40:state governments
32:community housing
2491:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2308:Waste management
2189:
2188:
2110:Household income
2071:
2070:
2033:Governor-General
1843:Electoral system
1811:
1810:
1675:
1674:
1543:
1542:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1480:Housing Tasmania
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
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1338:
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1310:
1309:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1253:The Conversation
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1219:
1213:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1131:
1125:
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1116:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1098:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
990:
988:
987:
972:
966:
965:
963:
962:
947:
941:
938:
932:
929:
923:
920:
914:
911:
905:
902:
896:
893:
887:
884:
878:
875:
869:
866:
860:
857:
851:
848:
842:
839:
833:
830:
824:
823:
822:. 12 March 2019.
812:
806:
805:
803:
802:
787:
781:
780:
778:
777:
762:
756:
755:
753:
752:
729:
723:
722:
706:
697:
696:
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693:
678:
672:
671:
669:
668:
653:
647:
642:
636:
624:
618:
617:
615:
613:
602:
329:
299:
201:Great Depression
166:suburbs such as
2499:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2415:
2376:Public holidays
2317:
2261:Life expectancy
2174:
2056:
2007:
1796:
1768:
1754:Protected areas
1660:
1599:
1532:
1523:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1432:
1430:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1407:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1382:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1357:
1355:
1345:
1341:
1332:
1330:
1320:
1316:
1307:
1305:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1282:
1280:
1279:. 5 August 2020
1271:
1270:
1266:
1257:
1255:
1245:
1241:
1232:
1230:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1184:
1180:
1176:(Hayward, 1996)
1175:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1144:
1142:
1132:
1128:
1124:(Hayward, 1996)
1123:
1119:
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1106:(Hayward, 1996)
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1056:(Hayward, 1996)
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940:(Hayward, 1996)
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127:Housing Trust
124:
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113:
108:
102:
97:
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80:
75:
68:
64:
55:
53:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
21:
2444:Bibliography
2331:Architecture
2288:Prostitution
2271:Demographics
2236:Homelessness
2135:Reserve Bank
2102:
1949:Conservatism
1897:Constitution
1865:Human rights
1823:Constitution
1774:Subdivisions
1555:Bibliography
1431:. Retrieved
1429:. 2016-08-15
1426:
1417:
1406:. Retrieved
1404:. 2017-07-16
1401:
1392:
1381:. Retrieved
1379:. 2020-11-17
1376:
1367:
1356:. Retrieved
1352:
1342:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:
1317:
1306:. Retrieved
1304:. 2020-10-25
1302:the Guardian
1301:
1292:
1281:. Retrieved
1276:
1267:
1256:. Retrieved
1252:
1242:
1231:. Retrieved
1229:. 2019-08-12
1226:
1217:
1209:
1203:
1194:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1154:
1143:. Retrieved
1139:
1129:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1061:
1052:
1047:(Howe, 1988)
1043:
1038:(Howe, 1988)
1034:
1025:
1016:
1007:
995:
984:. Retrieved
980:
970:
959:. Retrieved
955:
945:
936:
927:
918:
909:
900:
891:
882:
873:
864:
855:
846:
837:
828:
819:
810:
799:. Retrieved
795:
785:
774:. Retrieved
770:
760:
749:. Retrieved
738:The Guardian
737:
727:
718:
714:
690:. Retrieved
686:
676:
665:. Retrieved
663:. 2020-11-11
660:
651:
640:
622:
610:. Retrieved
600:
457:
456:
427:
396:Broadmeadows
390:
371:Acacia Ridge
364:
363:
346:Hackham West
333:
332:
324:
311:
303:
291:
270:
247:
238:
233:World War II
230:
226:
209:
205:Dudley Flats
198:
194:
182:
144:
116:
48:
43:
27:
26:
2406:Anglosphere
2246:Immigration
2211:Citizenship
2078:Agriculture
1964:Nationalism
1907:Enforcement
1880:Transgender
1714:Earthquakes
1702:Environment
1636:Immigration
1565:Archaeology
1460:Housing NSW
540:Housing NSW
408:Collingwood
199:During the
190:World War I
2473:Categories
2396:Television
2366:Literature
2251:Irreligion
2231:Healthcare
2226:Euthanasia
2206:Censorship
2013:Government
1959:Liberalism
1929:Parliament
1641:Indigenous
1631:Federation
1621:Diplomatic
1595:Since 1945
1560:Prehistory
1475:Housing SA
1433:2021-07-04
1408:2021-07-04
1383:2021-07-04
1358:2021-07-04
1333:2021-07-04
1308:2021-07-04
1283:2021-07-04
1258:2021-07-04
1233:2021-07-04
1145:2023-03-03
986:2023-03-03
961:2023-03-03
801:2021-07-04
776:2021-07-04
751:2021-07-04
692:2021-07-04
667:2021-07-04
593:References
464:Daceyville
445:Mirrabooka
420:Flemington
352:Munno Para
298:real terms
282:Queensland
254:neoliberal
164:gentrified
123:Queensland
67:Daceyville
2303:Squatting
2256:Languages
2221:Education
2201:Aged care
2165:Transport
1974:Socialism
1954:Far-right
1944:Christian
1939:Anarchism
1902:Judiciary
1838:Donations
1833:Elections
1744:Mountains
1692:Continent
1670:Geography
1590:1901–1945
1585:1851–1900
1580:1788–1850
1526:Australia
746:0261-3077
494:Villawood
451:Nollomara
402:Braybrook
391:Melbourne
383:Riverview
340:Elizabeth
250:Keynesian
148:Melbourne
2453:Category
2298:Religion
2196:Abortion
2150:Taxation
1919:Monarchy
1914:Military
1870:Intersex
1806:Politics
1787:Capitals
1651:Monarchy
1646:Military
1626:Economic
1604:By topic
1550:Timeline
1530:articles
820:ABC News
687:ABC News
630:Archived
529:See also
482:Claymore
439:Karawara
365:Brisbane
334:Adelaide
119:Victoria
58:Overview
2430:Outline
2401:Theatre
2391:Symbols
2356:Cuisine
2323:Culture
2184:Society
2160:Tourism
2130:Poverty
2066:Economy
1848:Parties
1749:Regions
1739:Islands
1734:Geology
1729:Forests
1697:Deserts
1682:Climate
1656:Railway
1538:History
1328:The Age
796:The Age
508:(31.3%)
506:Shalvey
502:(32.9%)
500:Tregear
496:(36.0%)
490:(41.3%)
484:(54.5%)
478:(58.7%)
476:Bidwill
472:(58.9%)
466:(69.0%)
447:(14.9%)
441:(18.5%)
435:(16.3%)
433:Bentley
422:(31.2%)
416:(19.6%)
414:Fitzroy
410:(28.9%)
404:(24.4%)
398:(15.2%)
385:(30.1%)
379:(31.0%)
373:(15.6%)
360:(26.3%)
354:(28.2%)
348:(28.1%)
342:(19.3%)
174:History
2458:Portal
2351:Cinema
2293:Racism
2266:People
2125:Mining
2088:Energy
2083:Dollar
1828:Courts
1818:Asylum
1792:Cities
1759:Rivers
1707:issues
1528:
744:
612:5 July
521:
488:Miller
458:Sydney
160:Hobart
152:Sydney
2437:Index
2386:Sport
2381:Radio
2371:Music
2361:Dance
2313:Women
2216:Crime
2120:Media
1986:Women
1724:Fauna
1719:Flora
470:Airds
428:Perth
377:Inala
156:Perth
2341:Arts
2050:list
2038:list
2026:list
1875:LGBT
742:ISSN
614:2023
453:(?%)
210:The
2336:Art
1892:Law
2475::
1425:.
1400:.
1375:.
1351:.
1326:.
1300:.
1275:.
1251:.
1225:.
1138:.
979:.
954:.
818:.
794:.
769:.
740:.
736:.
717:.
713:.
701:^
685:.
659:.
170:.
150:,
129:,
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1436:.
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1311:.
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1236:.
1189:.
1148:.
1097:.
989:.
964:.
804:.
779:.
754:.
721:.
719:6
695:.
670:.
616:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
