62:
1030:
500:
69:
515:
154:, where it is known as Kol Kalesi or Kuvel Kalesi. Its Georgian name is alternatively transliterated as Qveli, Kveli, K'veli, Qvelis-ts'ikhe or Qvelis-c'ixe. First appearing in the early 10th-century Georgian sources, Q'ueli was one of the principal fortifications of the province of
293:
Due to its strategic location, Q'ueli was a scene of several military conflicts throughout its history. In the 1040s, Q'ueli fell under control of the rebellious
Georgian warlord
282:
and, subsequently, deprived him even of these. After Gurgen's death in 941, Q'ueli passed to his cousins and, eventually, was inherited, along with other
Bagratid holdings, by
266:. Q'ueli is elsewhere referred to by Constantine by its Greek equivalent of Tyrokastron and later appears in possession of David's expansionist cousin,
869:
61:
488:
325:
at Q'ueli. In the 16th century, Q'ueli, along with much of southwest
Georgia, fell under the Ottoman sway and lost its past importance.
854:
466:
416:
Martin-Hisard, Bernardette. "Constantinople et les
Archontes du Monde Caucasien dans le Livre de Cérémonies", pp. 452-455. In
1042:
388:
92:
445:
401:
165:
The name Q'ueli/Q'uelis-tsikhe literally translates from
Georgian as "a cheese fortress", which was a source of the
195:, northeastern Turkey, close to the border with Georgia. It is first mentioned in the early 10th-century Georgian
481:
704:
294:
191:
The fortress of Q'ueli, now largely in ruins, lies at the village of Kolköy in the present-day district of
371:
1086:
496:
474:
17:
208:
1096:
1081:
179:
250:
as Kouel (Κουελ), so named after the fortress itself. In this passage, Constantine refers to the "
437:
714:
218:
639:
1091:
919:
524:
283:
221:—Abu l'K'asim of the Georgian accounts—in 914. According to this source, Q'ueli fell after a
774:
584:
814:
619:
322:
298:
8:
959:
659:
834:
924:
799:
754:
724:
624:
287:
263:
529:
989:
634:
629:
504:
441:
429:
397:
344:
317:
during his
Georgian campaigns. In 1080, the Turks led by amir Ahmad, probably of the
212:
143:
129:
944:
759:
694:
644:
769:
744:
654:
383:
267:
204:
44:
929:
779:
554:
1014:
999:
874:
824:
764:
609:
574:
559:
544:
363:
275:
255:
174:
699:
664:
964:
909:
899:
749:
739:
729:
684:
614:
604:
599:
569:
418:
Travaux et mémoires du Centre de recherche d'histoire et civilisation byzantine
310:
222:
166:
159:
934:
669:
649:
1075:
1057:
1044:
994:
954:
889:
849:
829:
819:
809:
679:
674:
589:
564:
549:
534:
246:
147:
107:
94:
1009:
949:
914:
904:
879:
794:
539:
230:
1004:
979:
939:
894:
864:
859:
734:
196:
301:
in 1059. The fortress was then apparently given in possession to Murvan
244:, a Georgian duchy which is mentioned in Constantine Porphyrogennetos's
984:
839:
789:
709:
594:
314:
259:
1029:
974:
969:
784:
393:
241:
719:
306:
279:
155:
1019:
884:
844:
318:
804:
689:
579:
514:
499:
302:
271:
251:
226:
151:
48:
68:
347:. Posof.gov.tr. 24 Haziran 2010. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
234:
192:
173:(Τυρόχαστρον)—the name by which the fortress is mentioned in
40:
460:დ. მუსხელიშვილი, „ყველისციხე“. ქსე, ტ. X.-თბ., 1986.-გვ.639.
309:(duke) of Q'ueli in the 1060s. In 1065 it was passed by the
215:
240:
By the 920s, Q'ueli had emerged as a chief fortress of
233:, was put to death for having refused to convert to
150:(Yalnızçam Dağları), now within the boundaries of
142:(ყუელისციხე, "fortress of Q'ueli") was a medieval
1073:
297:, who was eventually dispossessed of it by King
420:, no. 13, pp. 361-521. Paris: De Boccard, 2000.
133:
482:
146:fortress atop the homonymous mountain of the
286:, who went on to become the first king of a
359:
357:
355:
353:
489:
475:
254:of Kouel", which, according to Professor
350:
377:
14:
1074:
423:
368:Studies in Christian Caucasian History
470:
345:Kol Kalesi ve Kol Zaferinin Tarihçesi
321:dynasty, surprised and defeated King
389:The Literature of Georgia: A History
225:and the Georgian commanding officer
27:Medieval Georgian fortress in Turkey
24:
75:Q'ueli fortress/Kol (Kuvel) Kalesi
33:Q'ueli fortress/Kol (Kuvel) Kalesi
25:
1108:
207:as the site of resistance to the
1028:
513:
498:
175:Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos
67:
60:
258:, might have been the Georgian
451:
407:
335:
270:. Gurgen then gave Q'ueli and
13:
1:
328:
158:until being conquered by the
7:
434:Rewriting Caucasian History
372:Georgetown University Press
10:
1113:
186:
1026:
520:
511:
134:
86:
55:
37:
32:
180:De Administrando Imperio
705:İbrahim Pasha Casemates
438:Oxford University Press
525:Afyonkarahisar Castle
305:, who appears as the
274:to his father-in-law
162:in the 16th century.
108:41.44197°N 42.62386°E
715:Kahramanmaraş Castle
323:George II of Georgia
299:Bagrat IV of Georgia
1058:41.4420°N 42.6239°E
1054: /
640:Diyarbakır Fortress
219:Yusuf Ibn Abi'l-Saj
104: /
800:Kuzucubelen Castle
725:Karacahisar Castle
670:Güvercinada Castle
585:Belenkeşlik Castle
430:Thomson, Robert W.
113:41.44197; 42.62386
1087:Castles in Turkey
1037:
1036:
990:Yedikule Fortress
595:Bodrumkale Castle
505:Castles in Turkey
201:Passion of Gobron
123:
122:
16:(Redirected from
1104:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1063:41.4420; 42.6239
1059:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1032:
920:Şanlıurfa Castle
870:Roche de Roissel
835:Meydancık Castle
745:Kastamonu Castle
655:Gaziantep Castle
517:
503:
502:
491:
484:
477:
468:
467:
461:
459:
455:
449:
427:
421:
415:
411:
405:
384:Rayfield, Donald
381:
375:
364:Toumanoff, Cyril
361:
348:
343:
339:
268:Gurgen II of Tao
205:Stepane Mtbevari
137:
136:
119:
118:
116:
115:
114:
109:
105:
102:
101:
100:
97:
71:
70:
64:
51:
45:Ardahan Province
30:
29:
21:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1097:Bagratid Iberia
1082:Ruins in Turkey
1072:
1071:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1024:
1015:Zerzevan Castle
1000:Yeniyurt Castle
945:Tekkadın Castle
875:Roche-Guillaume
825:Marmaris Castle
815:Mancınık Castle
620:Çandarlı Castle
610:Bozcaada Castle
575:Babakale Castle
560:Anavarza Castle
545:Amasra Fortress
530:Akçakoca Castle
518:
507:
497:
495:
465:
464:
457:
456:
452:
428:
424:
413:
412:
408:
382:
378:
370:, pp. 492-495.
362:
351:
341:
340:
336:
331:
288:unified Georgia
278:in exchange of
256:Cyril Toumanoff
189:
112:
110:
106:
103:
98:
95:
93:
91:
90:
82:
81:
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38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1035:
1034:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
965:Trabzon Castle
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
910:Sinop Fortress
907:
902:
900:Silifke Castle
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
760:Kevgürk Castle
757:
752:
750:Kayseri Castle
747:
742:
737:
732:
730:Karaman Castle
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
695:Hisarın Castle
692:
687:
685:Hebilli Castle
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
645:Eğirdir Castle
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
615:Cemilli Castle
612:
607:
605:Boyabat Castle
602:
600:Bolaman Castle
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
570:Ardahan Castle
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
521:
519:
512:
509:
508:
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486:
479:
471:
463:
462:
450:
422:
406:
376:
349:
333:
332:
330:
327:
188:
185:
160:Ottoman Empire
140:Q'uelis-tsikhe
121:
120:
88:
84:
83:
74:
73:
66:
65:
59:
58:
57:
56:
53:
52:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1109:
1098:
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1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1070:
1067:
1031:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
995:Yelbiz Castle
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
955:Tokmar Castle
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
930:Şeytan Castle
928:
926:
925:Şavşat Castle
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
890:Samsun Castle
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
850:Pertek Castle
848:
846:
845:Namrun Castle
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
830:Meydan Castle
828:
826:
823:
821:
820:Mardin Castle
818:
816:
813:
811:
810:Mamure Castle
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
780:Kızlar Kalesi
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
690:Hemite Castle
688:
686:
683:
681:
680:Harran Castle
678:
676:
675:Harput Castle
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
625:Çandır Castle
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
590:Bodrum Castle
588:
586:
583:
581:
580:Bagras Castle
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
565:Ankara Castle
563:
561:
558:
556:
555:Anadoluhisarı
553:
551:
550:Amasya Castle
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
535:Alanya Castle
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
516:
510:
506:
501:
492:
487:
485:
480:
478:
473:
472:
469:
458:(in Georgian)
454:
447:
446:0-19-826373-2
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
419:
410:
403:
402:0-7007-1163-5
399:
395:
391:
390:
385:
380:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
356:
354:
346:
338:
334:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:Ashot Kiskasi
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
248:
247:De Ceremoniis
243:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
217:
214:
210:
209:invading army
206:
202:
198:
194:
184:
182:
181:
176:
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
148:Arsiani Range
145:
141:
131:
127:
117:
89:
85:
63:
54:
50:
46:
42:
39:Near Kolköy,
36:
31:
19:
1092:Tao-Klarjeti
1039:
1010:Yoros Castle
950:Tokat Castle
915:Softa Castle
905:Sinap Castle
880:Rumelihisari
795:Kozan Castle
700:Hoşap Castle
665:Gözne Castle
660:Gömeç Kulesi
635:Dağlı Castle
630:Çeşme Castle
540:Alara Castle
453:
433:
425:
417:
409:
392:, pp. 48-9.
387:
379:
367:
342:(in Turkish)
337:
292:
245:
239:
229:, a devoted
223:28-day siege
200:
197:hagiographic
190:
178:
170:
164:
139:
125:
124:
1061: /
980:Yaka Castle
940:Tece Castle
935:Şile Castle
895:Sarvandikar
865:Rize Castle
860:Riva Castle
765:Kızıl Tower
740:Kars Castle
735:Kara Castle
650:Foça Castle
414:(in French)
213:Azerbaijani
171:Tyrokastron
169:equivalent
111: /
87:Coordinates
18:Q'ueli
1076:Categories
1049:42°37′26″E
1046:41°26′31″N
985:Van Castle
960:Toprakkale
840:Mut Castle
790:Koz Castle
785:Kol Kalesi
770:Kiz Kulesi
710:Kadifekale
436:, p. 310.
329:References
315:Alp-Arslan
284:Bagrat III
99:42°37′26″E
96:41°26′31″N
1005:Yılankale
975:Turbessel
970:Trapessac
775:Kızkalesi
394:Routledge
290:in 1008.
242:Javakheti
231:Christian
855:Ravendel
720:Kalepark
432:(1996),
386:(2000),
366:(1963).
311:Seljuqid
307:eristavi
280:Klarjeti
260:Bagratid
156:Samtskhe
144:Georgian
130:Georgian
1020:Zilkale
885:Rumkale
313:sultan
303:Jaq'eli
295:Liparit
262:prince
211:of the
187:History
805:Loulon
755:Kaysun
444:
400:
319:Mamlān
272:Adjara
252:archon
227:Gobron
152:Turkey
132::
126:Q'ueli
49:Turkey
264:David
235:Islam
199:text
193:Posof
167:Greek
138:) or
135:ყუელი
41:Posof
442:ISBN
398:ISBN
216:emir
203:by
177:'s
1078::
440:,
396:,
352:^
237:.
183:.
47:,
43:,
490:e
483:t
476:v
448:.
404:.
374:.
128:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
