421:
1238:
387:
36:
1477:
1341:
546:
363:
have been necessary for caravan groups. The building features no baths or decorative mosaics, so it is unlikely that the building was used as a palace for recreation. A possible function of the building is a meeting place for local
Bedouin leaders. While it lacked the infrastructure to support long-term stays of large groups, it has stables, plenty of rooms, and a courtyard which would have been conducive to meetings.
1410:
515:, a Czech geographer, visited the site in 1898, 1900, and 1901. He was convinced that the building was used as a fortress. In an effort to justify this, he included battlements in his schematic drawings and baselessly claimed that they had been torn down so that their stones could be reused as weapons.
493:
Hill published the first known written reference to the qasr in 1896. It is difficult to pin down the exact date of the palace’s construction. There were several stages of construction. The first phase includes the entire ground floor and the western side of the first floor. The second phase includes
571:
merchant sells handcrafts and drinks in the parking lot. There is a plaque in Arabic and
English near the main entrance. Visitors are free to explore the entire building. There is little data available concerning the number of visitors per year. The site has a 4.3/5 star rating on Google Maps and a
411:
There are two staircases leading up to the first floor, located at the southwest and southeast corners of the courtyard. Each staircase has two flights of stairs, with small landings halfway up. At the top of each staircase are three doors. One leads to the first floor of the portico, one leading to
407:
of eight rooms each, and on the north side is a suite of seven rooms. Each suite has a central room from which smaller rooms branch out. Each room that is adjacent to the courtyard has a doorway connecting it to the courtyard. On each side of the entrance passageway are larger halls of about 12.8 by
338:
in the wadi bed. The small scale of water production and storage means it is unlikely that anyone depended on the building to support large groups, especially for long periods of time. This discounts the theories that the qasr was used as a caravanserai (a resting place for traders), an agricultural
362:
and Amman. Qasr
Kharana is located far from both of these routes, so it is unlikely that it was intended as a service point for caravan traders, since it is not only remote, but had little water to offer. While there were rooms used as stables, there is no evidence of large corral areas which would
558:
Qasr
Harrana remains very well preserved, and is open to tourist visitors from 8 am to 6 pm from May to September, and 8 am to 4 pm the rest of the year. The area is fenced off with a visitors' center on the southeast corner, where the main entrance to the castle area is located. A paved driveway
508:
In 1895, Hill visited the site. He gave a fairly accurate description of the palace, although he misread his compass and said the south entrance was on the east facade. He incorrectly labeled the ventilation slits in the walls to be arrow slits, as would have appeared in a military fortress. Hill
509:
identified some of the rooms in the first floor as “chapels with little Norman arches in the upper parts of the rooms, and
Christian devices”. This led to his conclusion that the building was a Crusader’s castle, “intended to be used as a stronghold and water store between Umm Moghr and Asrak”.
342:
Early explorers assumed the palace was used as a military stronghold. This is very unlikely. Besides being unable to withstand a prolonged siege due to limited water supply, there is no evidence of battlements having existed, and the slits in the wall were intended for ventilation, not as arrow
223:
house may have existed on the site. The purpose of the building is a subject of debate among scholars. Theories as to the qasr's purpose include a
Crusader's castle, a military stronghold, agricultural outpost, and resting place for caravan travelers. The current scholarly consensus is that the
504:
There are three Greek inscriptions, which are illegible. One hints at a military title, and another contains a “V” which may be a Roman numeral. These inscriptions point to the existence of more inscriptions which have since been lost or disfigured. The source of the stones which contain these
236:
The qasr is a nearly square building, 35 metres (115 ft) on each side, with three-quarter-round buttresses at the corners, a projecting rounded entrance on the south side with quarter-round buttresses, and half-round buttresses bisecting every other facade. It is made of rough
287:, the capital city. The castle has an expansive view in all directions — twelve kilometers (7.5 miles) to the south, 30 kilometers (18.5 miles) to the west, several kilometers to the north, and the horizon is visible to the east. There were no additional buildings on the site.
505:
inscriptions is unclear. While it is possible that there was a building at the site which predated the qasr, the stones may have also originated from markers in the desert. These three inscriptions are not enough evidence to confirm the existence of an earlier building.
440:. The site made it necessary to modify those building techniques slightly. The arches are not connected to the carrying wall, instead placed on bearing arms. The overall weight of the structure keeps these elements together. Some newer building materials, such as wooden
394:
The only entrance is on the south wall. On either side of the entrance are two quarter-round buttresses. Through the entrance is a 3.5 by 9.15 meter passageway which leads into the courtyard, which is 12.65 by 12.95 meters. The layout is largely composed of
559:
leads from the highway to a parking lot large enough for cars and several buses located just south of the entrance. The site is only accessible by one highway, and is not reached by public transportation. The castle is today under the jurisdiction of the
334:, an English explorer, noted two deep cisterns that had apparently fallen out of use. Unfortunately, he didn't expand on this observation, and no one else has recorded the existence of any water storage apparatus, like dams or irrigation lines, besides
416:
in each corner, with a large central room in between them. The rest of the first floor follows the layout of the ground floor pretty closely, although the rooms are not oriented exactly the same and the dimensions vary slightly from their ground floor
447:
Islamic concepts of public and private were satisfied through the narrow slits offering views to (and from) the outside, larger windows on the inside and the north terrace separating the two apartments. A room on the south side was set aside for
526:
published a full translation and analysis of the inscriptions at Qasr
Harrana. This was instrumental, as early explorers had been unable to translate the entire text. Her translation allowed the building to be dated to 710 CE at the latest.
501:. In a large room on the west side of the first floor, there is a small inscription which states it was written on November 24, 710 CE. This inscription dates the end of the first phase of construction of the palace.
999:
283:
The palace is located along the Al-Azraq
Highway in a remote area of the Jordanian desert, isolated from human settlement. It is located about 65 kilometers (40 miles) east-south-east of
318:
in use today were likely comparable to the ones used by those who used the building. There is no evidence of wells or dams being built in order to provide a better water source than the
912:. By Antonin Jaussen and Raphaël Savignac. Publications de la Société des fouilles archéologiques. Cairo: Institut français d'archéologie orientale, 1997. Pp. 153 + pls. € 53.36"
494:
rooms on the southern and eastern sides of the first floor. The third phase, which was not completed, includes the unfinished rooms in the northwest corner of the first floor.
534:. During the restoration some changes were made. A door in the east wall was closed, and some cement and plaster was used that was inconsistent with the existing material.
403:
consist of rooms which are connected to each other by doorways, but are only connected to other rooms by the courtyard. On the east and west sides of the courtyard are
1050:
420:
455:
The wall slits could not have been used by archers as they are the wrong height and shape. Instead they served to control dust and light and took advantage of
1023:
1135:
314:
used during the period of construction or use of the palace, because these pits are periodically washed away by natural floods. However, the
1072:
375:
influenced the design of the castle, with
Sassanid building techniques applied. The layout follows Syrian houses, themselves influenced by
1329:
412:
the rooms, and another to a corridor with stairs which lead up to the roof terrace. The south side of the first floor has two five-room
371:
Qasr
Kharana combines different regional traditions with the influence of the then-new religion of Islam to create a new style. Syrian
346:
Not much is known about trade routes in the greater Jordan area in the early Islamic period. It is believed that trade routes ran from
1307:
94:
1516:
310:
are pits dug into the gravel that rests upon the bedrock in the wadi, where they collect water. It is impossible to identify any
700:
617:
790:
686:
1128:
563:. The kingdom's Ministry of Tourism controls access to the site via the new visitor's center, charging an admission fee of
1501:
1060:
840:"Umayyad Building Techniques And The Merging Of Roman-Byzantine And Partho-Sassanian Traditions: Continuity And Change"
560:
742:
666:
475:
839:
263:
in the middle. Many of the rooms have small slits for light and ventilation. Some of the rooms are decorated with
1322:
1121:
1103:
408:
8 meters. The halls are divided into two areas by pillars and were likely used as stables and storage rooms.
87:
1496:
1064:
1521:
1511:
1337:
1315:
974:
1345:
1506:
372:
246:
306:), an Arabic word meaning "a place where water remains", were used to draw water from the wadi.
1259:
1254:
601:
518:
In 1922, Antonin Jaussen and Raphael Savignac published a description of Qasr Harrana in their
376:
1237:
605:
471:
331:
249:
894:
Mission archéologique En Arabie, V.III: Les Châteax Arabes de Qeseir Amra, Harâneh, et Tuba.
1364:
589:
531:
486:
In later centuries the castle was abandoned and neglected. It suffered damage from several
66:
1394:
8:
609:
466:
The architectural style and the decoration of the building show influences from Syrian,
1286:
1278:
876:
498:
380:
1399:
1389:
1207:
931:
910:
Mission archéologique en Arabie II: El‐ʿEla, d'Hégra à Tiema, Harrah de Tebouk: Atlas
738:
696:
662:
613:
242:
215:. It is uncertain when the palace was constructed, but it likely originates from the
76:
1449:
1439:
1429:
1291:
1180:
923:
730:
724:
355:
867:
Abbott, Nabia. “The Ḳaṣr Kharāna Inscription of 92 H. (710 A.D.), a New Reading.”
734:
219:. An inscription on an upper wall dates the building to before 710 CE. A Greek or
1444:
1424:
1379:
1212:
1160:
801:
594:
564:
433:
425:
291:
255:
On the inside, the building has 60 rooms on two levels arranged around a central
216:
176:
1055:
1459:
1369:
1222:
1175:
1144:
1107:
467:
460:
444:, were used, allowing the building to be more flexible and resist earthquakes.
950:
791:"The Development of Structural Concept and Architectural Form in Qasr Kharana"
1490:
1374:
1359:
1190:
1165:
1087:
1074:
935:
535:
497:
While it is unknown exactly when the structure was first built, we do have a
347:
200:
109:
96:
1384:
1227:
523:
456:
437:
212:
298:
is the primary source of water for the palace. Simple well systems called
1296:
1201:
1195:
1113:
512:
386:
359:
268:
35:
588:
1454:
1434:
1264:
1170:
880:
487:
1464:
1217:
692:
238:
220:
907:
680:
678:
538:
wrote his doctoral dissertation on the castle, published as a book,
474:
traditions. Some scholars argue that structure was built during the
424:
Rosette with a tree motif or alternating leaves, early 8th century (
927:
351:
264:
767:. Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement. pp. 33–35.
723:
Evenari, Michael; Shanan, Leslie; Tadmor, Naphtali (1982-02-05).
675:
568:
545:
272:
225:
1409:
1340:
1274:
1152:
975:"Qasr Al-Kharanah - Desert Castles in Jordan (Qasr al-Harrana)"
797:
441:
204:
80:
1246:
522:, which has been praised as a "scholarly landmark". In 1946,
449:
330:
The purpose of the structure remains unclear today. In 1895,
284:
208:
582:
432:
Like Sassanid buildings, the castle's structural system is
295:
260:
256:
1000:"Qasr Al-Kharranah · PFH7+H47, Amman Governorate, Jordan"
1004:
Qasr Al-Kharranah · PFH7+H47, Amman Governorate, Jordan
661:, Durham, N.C.: American Schools of Oriental Research,
366:
567:
1 ($ 1.42 USD) to the site during daylight hours. A
549:
Interior of Qasr Harrana, showing Sassanid influence
765:
A Journey East of the Jordan and the Dead Sea, 1895
722:
290:It was built on top of a ridge which overlooks the
593:
1488:
892:Jaussen, Antonin Joseph, and Raphael Savignac.
224:building was used as for meeting between local
339:outpost, or a palace intended for recreation.
1323:
1129:
948:
938:– via The University of Chicago Press.
826:A Short Account of Early Muslim Architecture
399:, which are discrete groups of rooms. These
166:1,225 square metres (13,190 sq ft)
207:, about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of
1330:
1316:
1143:
1136:
1122:
788:
592:; Grabar, Oleg; Jenkins, Marilyn (2001).
459:differentials to cool the rooms, via the
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
684:
544:
419:
385:
211:and relatively close to the border with
185:Qasr al-Kharana, Harana, Qasr al-Harrana
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
476:Sasanian occupation of the area in 620s
252:of flat stones run through the facing.
1489:
824:C., Creswell K A, and James W. Allan.
596:Islamic Art and Architecture, 650–1250
1311:
1117:
844:Technology in Transition A.D. 300-650
771:
656:
542:, in 1987 following the restoration.
905:
863:
861:
837:
762:
758:
756:
754:
633:
831:
561:Jordanian Department of Antiquities
180:
16:Castle in Amman Governorate, Jordan
13:
688:Dictionary of Islamic Architecture
367:Building style, layout, techniques
199:, is one of the best-known of the
14:
1533:
1044:
858:
751:
530:In the late 1970s the palace was
145:Jordanian Ministry of Antiquities
1476:
1475:
1408:
1339:
1236:
838:Arce, Ignacio (1 January 2008).
572:4/5 star rating on Tripadvisor.
34:
1016:
992:
967:
942:
916:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
899:
886:
763:Hill, John Edward Gray (1896).
659:Qasr Kharana in the Transjordan
540:Qasr Kharana in the Transjordan
520:Mission archéologique En Arabie
203:located in present-day eastern
40:South and west elevations, 2009
1517:Umayyad architecture in Jordan
1051:Archnet article – Qasr Kharana
818:
716:
231:
1:
871:, vol. 11/12, 1946, pp. 192.
735:10.4159/harvard.9780674419254
575:
949:journey-admin (2017-11-09).
7:
1065:American Center of Research
896:Paris, Paul Geuthner, 1922.
354:, as well as from Azraq to
278:
10:
1538:
1502:8th-century fortifications
657:Urice, Stephen K. (1987),
553:
481:
325:
241:blocks set in a mud-based
129:659 metres (2,162 ft)
1473:
1417:
1406:
1352:
1273:
1245:
1234:
1151:
1056:50 Pictures of this sight
1024:"Qasr al-Kharrana, Amman"
685:Petersen, Andrew (2002).
332:Sir John Edward Gray Hill
162:
154:
149:
141:
133:
125:
86:
72:
62:
54:
49:
45:
33:
26:
21:
906:Graf, David F. (2005).
883:. Accessed 8 Dec. 2022.
1260:Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi
1255:Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi
1145:Umayyad desert castles
1104:Photos of Qasr Kharana
1061:Photos of Qasr Kharana
602:New Haven, Connecticut
550:
429:
391:
1088:31.72889°N 36.46278°E
828:. Scolar Press, 1989.
606:Yale University Press
590:Ettinghausen, Richard
548:
423:
389:
110:31.72889°N 36.46278°E
1365:Amathus, Transjordan
1084: /
373:building traditions
193:Haraneh, Khauranee,
106: /
63:Architectural style
50:General information
1497:710 establishments
1093:31.72889; 36.46278
551:
499:terminus ante quem
430:
392:
115:31.72889; 36.46278
1522:Tourism in Jordan
1512:Castles in Jordan
1484:
1483:
1395:Montréal (castle)
1390:Montreal (castle)
1346:Castles in Jordan
1305:
1304:
979:jordan-travel.com
702:978-0-203-20387-3
619:978-0-300-08869-4
434:transverse arches
267:, medallions and
170:
169:
150:Technical details
77:Amman Governorate
1529:
1479:
1478:
1450:Qasr Al-Qatraneh
1440:Qasr Al-Kharanah
1430:Qasr al-Hallabat
1412:
1344:
1343:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1292:Khirbat al-Minya
1240:
1181:Qasr al-Hallabat
1138:
1131:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
996:
990:
989:
987:
986:
971:
965:
964:
962:
961:
946:
940:
939:
903:
897:
890:
884:
865:
856:
855:
853:
851:
835:
829:
822:
816:
815:
813:
812:
806:
800:. Archived from
795:
786:
769:
768:
760:
749:
748:
720:
714:
713:
711:
709:
682:
673:
671:
654:
631:
630:
628:
626:
599:
586:
182:
121:
120:
118:
117:
116:
111:
107:
104:
103:
102:
99:
38:
19:
18:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1507:Umayyad palaces
1487:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1469:
1445:Qasr Al-Mshatta
1413:
1404:
1380:Hammam as-Sarah
1348:
1338:
1336:
1306:
1301:
1287:Hisham's Palace
1269:
1241:
1232:
1213:Hammam as-Sarah
1202:Qasr al-Mushash
1147:
1142:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1032:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1008:
1006:
998:
997:
993:
984:
982:
973:
972:
968:
959:
957:
947:
943:
904:
900:
891:
887:
866:
859:
849:
847:
836:
832:
823:
819:
810:
808:
804:
793:
789:Ilayan, J.S.A.
787:
772:
761:
752:
745:
721:
717:
707:
705:
703:
695:. p. 139.
683:
676:
669:
655:
634:
624:
622:
620:
587:
583:
578:
556:
484:
426:Pergamon Museum
369:
328:
292:Wadi al-Kharana
281:
234:
217:Umayyad Dynasty
189:Qasr al-Haranah
114:
112:
108:
105:
100:
97:
95:
93:
92:
41:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1535:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1418:Desert castles
1415:
1414:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1400:Wu'ayra Castle
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1370:Aqaba Fortress
1367:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1312:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1223:Umayyad Palace
1220:
1215:
1210:
1208:Qasr Al-Qastar
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1108:Manar al-Athar
1068:
1067:
1058:
1053:
1046:
1045:External links
1043:
1040:
1039:
1015:
991:
966:
955:Tourist Jordan
951:"Qasr Kharana"
941:
928:10.1086/431697
922:(2): 128–130.
898:
885:
857:
830:
817:
770:
750:
743:
715:
701:
674:
667:
632:
618:
580:
579:
577:
574:
555:
552:
483:
480:
461:Venturi effect
368:
365:
327:
324:
280:
277:
261:rainwater pool
233:
230:
201:desert castles
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
90:
84:
83:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
47:
46:
43:
42:
39:
31:
30:
27:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1534:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1472:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1375:Cave de Sueth
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1360:Ajloun Castle
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:Major castles
1351:
1347:
1342:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1191:Qasr Mushatta
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1166:Qasr al-Azraq
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1110:photo archive
1109:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1005:
1001:
995:
980:
976:
970:
956:
952:
945:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
911:
902:
895:
889:
882:
878:
874:
870:
864:
862:
845:
841:
834:
827:
821:
807:on 2011-06-07
803:
799:
792:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
766:
759:
757:
755:
746:
744:9780674419247
740:
736:
732:
728:
727:
719:
704:
698:
694:
690:
689:
681:
679:
670:
668:0-89757-207-6
664:
660:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
621:
615:
611:
607:
603:
598:
597:
591:
585:
581:
573:
570:
566:
562:
547:
543:
541:
537:
536:Stephen Urice
533:
528:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
500:
495:
491:
489:
479:
477:
473:
469:
464:
462:
458:
453:
451:
445:
443:
439:
438:barrel vaults
435:
427:
422:
418:
417:counterparts.
415:
409:
406:
402:
398:
390:The courtyard
388:
384:
382:
378:
374:
364:
361:
357:
353:
349:
344:
340:
337:
333:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
288:
286:
285:Amman, Jordan
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
248:
244:
240:
229:
227:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
183:), sometimes
178:
174:
165:
161:
157:
153:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
119:
91:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
48:
44:
37:
32:
25:
20:
1425:Qusayr 'Amra
1385:Kerak Castle
1228:Umm al-Walid
1200:
1186:Qasr Kharana
1185:
1161:Qusayr 'Amra
1069:
1031:. Retrieved
1027:
1018:
1007:. Retrieved
1003:
994:
983:. Retrieved
981:. 2021-05-18
978:
969:
958:. Retrieved
954:
944:
919:
915:
909:
901:
893:
888:
872:
869:Ars Islamica
868:
848:. Retrieved
843:
833:
825:
820:
809:. Retrieved
802:the original
764:
725:
718:
706:. Retrieved
687:
658:
623:. Retrieved
595:
584:
557:
539:
529:
524:Nabia Abbott
519:
517:
511:
507:
503:
496:
492:
485:
465:
457:air pressure
454:
446:
431:
413:
410:
404:
400:
396:
393:
370:
345:
341:
335:
329:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
289:
282:
271:finished in
269:blind niches
254:
235:
213:Saudi Arabia
196:
192:
188:
184:
173:Qasr Harrana
172:
171:
22:Qasr Harrana
1297:Al-Sinnabra
1196:Al-Muwaqqar
1176:Qasr Burqu'
1091: /
1028:Tripadvisor
513:Alois Musil
488:earthquakes
436:supporting
360:Al-Muwaqqar
232:Description
155:Floor count
113: /
88:Coordinates
1491:Categories
1460:Qasr Burqu
1455:Qasr Bayir
1435:Qasr Azraq
1265:Jabal Sais
1171:Qasr Bayir
1079:36°27′46″E
1076:31°43′44″N
1033:2022-12-11
1009:2022-12-11
985:2022-12-11
960:2022-12-11
811:2009-05-14
691:. London:
608:. p.
576:References
383:customs.
358:, then to
302:(singular
247:Decorative
181:قصر حرّانة
163:Floor area
101:36°27′46″E
98:31°43′44″N
28:قصر حرّانة
1465:Qasr Tuba
1279:Palestine
1218:Qasr Tuba
936:0022-2968
846:: 498–499
726:The Negev
693:Routledge
377:Byzantine
350:north to
265:pilasters
259:, with a
257:courtyard
239:limestone
228:leaders.
221:Byzantine
137:by 710 AD
134:Completed
126:Elevation
532:restored
472:Sasanian
468:Parthian
356:Hallabat
352:Damascus
279:Location
73:Location
1106:at the
1063:at the
881:4515634
850:4 April
708:May 13,
625:May 12,
569:Bedouin
554:Tourism
482:History
442:lintels
343:slits.
336:thamail
326:Purpose
320:thamail
316:thamail
312:thamail
308:Thamail
304:thamila
300:thamail
273:plaster
250:courses
226:Bedouin
67:Islamic
1275:Israel
1153:Jordan
934:
879:
798:UNESCO
741:
699:
665:
616:
470:, and
450:prayer
294:. The
243:mortar
205:Jordan
197:Hraneh
177:Arabic
81:Jordan
58:Castle
1247:Syria
877:JSTOR
873:JSTOR
805:(PDF)
794:(PDF)
414:bayts
405:bayts
401:bayts
397:bayts
381:Roman
348:Azraq
209:Amman
142:Owner
1277:and
932:ISSN
852:2019
739:ISBN
710:2009
697:ISBN
663:ISBN
627:2009
614:ISBN
379:and
296:wadi
55:Type
924:doi
731:doi
195:or
1493::
1026:.
1002:.
977:.
953:.
930:.
920:64
918:.
914:.
875:,
860:^
842:.
796:.
773:^
753:^
737:.
729:.
677:^
635:^
612:.
610:39
604::
600:.
565:JD
490:.
478:.
463:.
452:.
322:.
275:.
245:.
191:,
187:,
179::
79:,
1331:e
1324:t
1317:v
1137:e
1130:t
1123:v
1036:.
1012:.
988:.
963:.
926::
908:"
854:.
814:.
747:.
733::
712:.
672:.
629:.
428:)
175:(
158:2
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
