1879:
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in the fleet. It is common in the U.S. to incorrectly associate aircraft size with the
Department of Transportation's designation of major, national, and regional airline. The only corollary is the Regional Airline Association, an industry trade group, defines "regional airlines" generally as "...operat(ing) short and medium haul scheduled airline service connecting smaller communities with larger cities and connecting hubs. The airlines' fleet primarily consists of 19 to 68 seat turboprops and 30 to 100 seat regional jets." To be clear there is no distinction in the Department of Transportation definition of major, national and regional airlines by aircraft size. The definition is based on revenue. The clash of definitions has led to confusion in the media and the public.
1930:
947:
919:
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1452:, with the regional airline paid to staff, operate and maintain aircraft used on flights that are scheduled, marketed and sold by a partner mainline airline. This practice allows the mainline carrier to use outsourced labor at smaller stations, to reduce costs. In 2011, 61% of all advertised flights for American, Delta, United and US Airways were operated by their regional brands. This figure was only 40% in 2000.
1823:
2044:
383:"Regional airline" is a flexible term whose meaning has changed substantially over time. What it means today is different than how it has been used in the past. For instance, in the United States, around 1960, the term “regional carrier” denoted the smaller eight of the 12 largest carriers, then known as
669:
status based on the only actual definition of "major airline," in the United States, the definition from the U.S. Department of
Transportation. This definition is based solely on annual revenue and not on any other criterion such as average aircraft seating capacity, pilot pay, or number of aircraft
2225:
To create a common tie and what appeared to be seamless to the air traveler, major carriers marketed in advertising and soon had much smaller airlines paint their small and what was often described as puddle-jumper aircraft, in the image and branding colors of the much larger mainline partner. This
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Beginning around 1985, a number of trends have become apparent. Regional aircraft are getting larger, faster, and are flying longer ranges. Additionally, the vast majority of regionals within the United States with more than ten aircraft within their fleet, have lost their individual identities and
984:
Many airline passengers find sub-branding very confusing, while many other airline passengers are content to think they are on a mainline or flagship airline's aircraft, while in actuality they are far from it. Sub-branding is pretty consistent throughout the airline industry of the United States,
488:
In the United States, regional airlines were an important building block of today's passenger air system. The U.S. Government encouraged the forming of regional airlines to provide services from smaller communities to larger towns, where air passengers could connect to a larger network.
824:
362:
in the United States. T-A-T's transcontinental "Lindbergh Line" became
America's first contiguous coast-to-coast air service, and it ushered in a new era of major airlines expanding to operate networks with large footprints. The development of long-range aircraft operated by
464:
As flag carriers grew to fill the demand of long-range passenger traffic, new and small airlines found niches flying between short and under-served routes to-and-from major airports and more rural destinations. Through the 1960s and 1970s, war surplus designs (notably, the
455:
are described as regional airlines. At the time, Air New
England was a recently-failed turboprop operator in the northeast USA, while Air Florida was a jet carrier flying from Florida to the northeast, to Latin America and Europe. The two airlines had little in common.
1604:
due to a lack of passenger traffic to do so profitably, provided the airline operating the CAB awarded route substitutes its operation with other equipment and maintains responsibility the route is served. As such this "exemption" allowed the development of the
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with many stops between the originating and terminating air terminals. This system of air transportation effectively forced most airlines to be "regional" in nature, but the lack of distinction among carriers soon began to change with the 1929 launch of
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The success of the "rebranding" or "pseudo branding" of a much smaller airline into the name recognition of a much larger one soon became clear as passenger numbers soared at Air Alpes, and it was soon decided to paint other aircraft such as the
442:
So when reading historical sources, it’s important to understand that the term "regional airline" has migrated greatly over time. Sometimes the term has been stretched beyond the point of utility. For instance, in a 1983 article about PBA,
435:. Since, at the time, none of these eight had a network approaching the scale of the Big Four, they were known as the regional carriers. This was despite the existence, at the time, of 13 smaller United States scheduled carriers known as
1319:
agreement or operating through capacity purchase agreements, with the mainline parent company financing the aircraft for the regional airline, and then placing the aircraft with the regional for very little cost. An example would be
900:), and filling two roles: delivering passengers to the major airline's hubs from surrounding towns, and increasing frequency of service on mainline routes during times when demand does not warrant use of large aircraft, known as
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questioned how the impact of low salaries are having on pilot psyches and how safe this could be for the flying public. When asked to respond to the question, Roger Cohen, president of the
Regional Airline Association, told
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designs, was well advanced by the late 1990s. This evolution towards jet equipment, brought the independent regional airlines into direct competition with the major airlines, forcing additional consolidation.
2221:
Initially these tie ups tended to use small 15 -19 seat aircraft, which did not have a reputation of passenger comfort, or safe reliable operations, by small often under capitalized tiny airline operators.
1300:. The smallest regional carriers have become known as feeder airlines. The separate corporate structure allows the company to operate under different pay schedules, typically paying much less than their
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Although regional airlines in the United States are often viewed as small, not particularly lucrative "no name" subsidiaries of the mainline airlines, in terms of revenue, many would be designated
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and were also one of the first companies to adopt the now common practice of taking on the branding livery of a much large company, namely Air France; who they operated in association with.
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The evolution and chronological history of the commuter side of the regional airline industry can be defined by a number of dates prior to the end of the era of airline regulation by the
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Australia has an association for regional airline, the
Regional Aviation of Australia. More than 2 million passengers and 23 million kg of cargo are involved each year.
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Post airline deregulation, airlines sought added market share and to do this they sought partnerships with regional and small airlines to feed traffic into the airline hub.
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airline and transportation conglomerate, tried to run a fully certificated mainline airline as nothing more than a distinct internal marketing brand of a regional airline.)
1045:(very light jets) with advanced automation. This vision failed to materialize due to its primary focus on rural mobility and a lack of clear and viable business case.
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was to give the appearance of reliability. Over time these regional aircraft grew in size as airline hubs expanded and competition dwindled among the major carriers.
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communities, while others operate regional flights on behalf of a larger carrier, similar to their
American counterparts. Some of these airlines and brands include:
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under their own brand, mostly providing service to small and isolated towns, for whom the airline is the only reasonable link to a larger town. Examples of this are
1619:– aircraft falling below the weight of 12,500 pounds (5.7 t) were considered small aircraft and thus, not subject to the certification requirements of the CAB.
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that, "...there are many other people who earn less money than that and work more days in these communities that can afford it and do it and do it responsibly."
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with all the regional airlines, mainline airlines, and the regional airline holding companies, as well as the mainline airlines holding companies participating.
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738:. Some of these newer aircraft are capable of flying longer distances with comfort levels that rival and surpass the regional airline equipment of the past.
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were undertaken, but met little financial success, partly due to economic downturn in the airline industry resulting from the outbreak of hostilities when
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Many large North
American airlines, have established operational relationships with one or more regional airline companies. Their aircraft often use the
1056:, city pair links to smaller communities lacking regional connections could become more common. This opportunities could become commercially viable with
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The following is a list of former marketing brands operated by smaller airlines, but using larger traditionally non-regional-type equipment such as the
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1643:– during the sunset of the CAB regulation the size of commuters were permitted to grow to 60 passengers and 18,000 pounds (8.2 t) of freight.
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airlines in the United States set the course for bypassing entirely the regional turboprops as they became the first to transition to an all-jet
83:
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contracted by one or more major airline partners. A number of regional airlines, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s, were classified as
1292:, regional airlines are operated primarily to bring passengers to the major hubs, where they will connect for longer-distance flights on the
1625:– the CAB officially defined airlines with aircraft of no more than 12,500 pounds (5.7 t) of maximum gross weight as commuter airlines
1339:. This association lobbies purely for the financial interest of the corporate bodies it constitutes, not the employees of those airlines.
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One of the first independently owned and managed airlines in the world that rebranded its aircraft to match a larger airline's brand was
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rely on operators of smaller aircraft to provide service or added frequency service to some airports. Such airlines, often operating in
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of 1978, the US federal government has continued support of the regional airline sector to ensure many of the smaller and more isolated
387:(or trunk airlines or simply trunks). At the time the four biggest airlines in the United States were known as the Big Four, comprising
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The trend of branding regional airlines to match the mainline airlines, has led to just three major sub-brands in the United States:
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Below is a list of many of the regional brands that evolved when regional airlines were advertised to look like the major airlines.
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as is often flown by the regional airlines. The smallest aircraft flown under such brands and regional airlines may or may not have
1631:– relaxations of the CAB regulations permitted commuter aircraft to carry 30 passengers and a payload of 7,500 pounds (3.4 t).
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The formerly small regional airlines have grown substantially, through mergers or by the use of a holding company, as pioneered by
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National
Academies. (2002). TRB Special Report 263 - Future Flight: A Review of the Small Aircraft Transportation System Concept.
485:. This extended the range of the regionals dramatically, causing a wave of consolidations between the now overlapping airlines.
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200:
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imposed strict constraints on the potential length of each flight; some routes covered less than 100 miles (160 km).
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1861:, a commuter /air taxi brand operated by the regional airlines owned by the HoTH parent company in association with
790:
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A history and study of regional airlines was published by the
Smithsonian Institution Press in 1994 under the title
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is a European regional airline operating wet leased aircraft for of larger airlines. Like this CRJ900 operated for
1650:
408:
1897:. They connect cities to major airports and to other cities, avoiding the need for passengers to make transfers.
186:
2950:
http://airlinersgallery.smugmug.com/Airlines-UnitedStates-1/Airlines-UnitedStates-1/Continental-Express/i-Z3cbkZt
1926:. Innovations include one where the passenger is required to join a membership club before being allowed to fly.
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major hubs. Regional aircraft in the US have been getting slightly more comfortable with the addition of better
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329:
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sector of independents. They are based on business models ranging from the traditional full service airline to
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New Mexico Airlines, a regional airline brand of Pacific Wings, which is owned by Pacific Air Holdings company
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Some of Europe's regional airlines are subsidiaries of national air carriers, though there remains a strong
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1441:. They are the post-deregulation survivors of the multiple bankruptcies and mergers of the major, legacy,
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contractually won opportunity to be considered for KLM employment after a set period of commitment to NLM.
2783:"Regional Airline Pilot Pay 2023: How Much Do New Airline Pilots Make the First Year / ATP Flight School"
1685:
1449:
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premiered its WGA Award-winning exposé on the industry entitled "Flying Cheap". In the program, reporter
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of France. During 1974, Air Alpes painted its newly delivered short range regional jets in the livery of
2895:
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regional routes on behalf of mainline, legacy, major, or large discount carriers, in the United States:
1002:
First year regional pilot pay as of Aug. 2011. Source: AirlinePilotCentral.com, an industry career site.
3039:
3005:
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regional routes on behalf of mainline, legacy, major, or large discount carriers in the United States:
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The following is a list of former regional marketing brands operated by lesser known airlines, serving
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20:
2540:(1981–1991, consisting of several airlines contracted to operate regional flights on behalf of Pan Am)
2523:
2179:
1242:
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2937:"Douglas DC-9-14 - Royale Airlines (Continental Airlines) | Aviation Photo #1959138 | Airliners.net"
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India has many regional carriers operating currently. Some of these operate under the government's
1929:
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Marketing brands with mainline branding / mainline-type aircraft but operated by regional airlines
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In the early 1990s, much more advanced turboprop-powered, fuel efficient, and passenger friendly
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146:
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ACRP Research Report 236: Preparing Your Airport for Electric Aircraft and Hydrogen Technologies
973:'s KLM style branding does however pre-date the Air France efforts though by a number of years.
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was still operating, they branded a handful of aircraft as Colgan Air, but most were branded as
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809:
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has won World's Best Regional Airline from Skytrax three years in a row in 2015, 2016 and 2017
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2629:. Office of Aviation Policy. DOT. Tuesday, April 29, 2014. Retrieved Thursday, July 24, 2014.
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fleet. To a lesser extent in Europe and the United Kingdom this transition, to notably the
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http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1119&context=hospitalityreview
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Steckler, M. (2023). New Security Process Makes American Airlines-Landline Travel Seamless.
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further normalized the capability of "far and wide" air travel among the traveling public.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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and also coach (bus) services with airlines sometimes replacing feeder services through
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and high-speed, long-range air service, commercial aviation was structured similarly to
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in 1982. AMR created the AMR Eagle Holding Corporation which unified its wholly owned
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Note:- Alliance Air is still a state-owned airline, whereas Air India is private.
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1637:– Official list of U.S. Commuter Airlines in the year prior to airline deregulation
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outlined a new vision for regional mobility, based on services built out of small
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branded its entire fleet as United Express. On the other hand, regional airline
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Some of the lesser known smaller brands used by the regional airlines and their
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their aircraft fleet in the mainline airline's sub-brand livery. For example,
735:
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2424:, being replaced by American Eagle as US Airways merges with American Airlines
1658:– the United States governmental lobbying body of this industry, known as the
3028:
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1836:
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1563:
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1289:
885:
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627:
384:
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277:, between communities lacking sufficient demand or infrastructure to attract
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1596:– CAB makes exemption for airlines, starting with the local service carrier
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2376:(an airline formerly known as Ransome Airlines, acquired by Pan Am in 1987)
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aboard these aircraft. From small, less than 50-seat "single-class cabin"
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21st century regional airlines are commonly organized in one of two ways.
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communities remain connected to air services. This is encouraged with the
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http://cf.alpa.org/mec/aaa/docs/newmectoday/arc/airwaves/aw9909/rj999.pdf
2713:"SATS & NCAM members continues to develop at Oshkosh AirVenture 2007"
2556:
List of commercial short-haul civilian passenger "regional jet" airliners
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2015:
1965:
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In Canada there are a number of regional airlines. Some of them focus on
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whose service was arguably far more regional than the “regional” trunks.
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was set up as a KLM subsidiary from its founding and later evolved into
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for the company they are operating flights for. These airlines can be
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757:. Many of the regional airlines operating turboprop equipment such as
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19:"Regional Airlines" redirects here. For the former French airline, see
250:
2837:
2551:
List of commercial short-haul civilian passenger "regional" airliners
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Many of these large regional airlines have joined the lobbying group
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In some parts of the world, regional airlines face competition from
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2020:
2005:
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2578:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 15.
2066:, a former subsidiary of India's former state-owned flag carrier,
1835:
PWExpress, a regional airline brand of the regional airline named
1483:
The most significant regional airlines in the United States, are:
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1990:
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European regional airlines serve the intra-continental sector in
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1670:
List of Commuter Airlines in 1977 Prior to Airline Deregulation:
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770:
404:
270:
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under one division, but still maintained the regional airlines'
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however wearing the initial titles of NLM at Groningen in 1967.
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which typically operates scheduled passenger air service, using
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2183:
2078:
1894:
1839:, IATA code (LW) which is owned by Pacific Air Holdings company
857:
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which is wholly owned by the regional airline holding company
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arrangements with mainline airlines, often completely repaint
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962:, these aircraft fed regional and higher yielding traffic to
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2912:
2037:
1822:
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742:
2639:
http://library.fes.de/itf/pdf/z2776/1976/z2776_1976_12.pdf
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of the United States. Among these significant dates are:
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2698:
2043:
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and contracts with bus companies (e.g., Landline between
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deal primarily with North America and do not represent a
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a regional subsidiary of British Airways uses the basic
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program that subsidizes airline service to smaller U.S.
3013:– February 9, 2010. One year after the deadly crash of
1649:
the airline industry was officially deregulated by the
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To improve on their market penetration, larger airline
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1945:
Some examples of European regional airlines include:
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networks. In this era, technological limitations on
2833:"Think airline seats have gotten smaller? They have"
734:
series of aircraft and the somewhat larger fuselage
2182:(Rex), the largest regional airline outside of the
1613:
to fulfill Allegheny's CAB route award obligations.
745:type replacement projects such as the 19 passenger
160:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1082:
353:As such, airlines structured their services along
2917:Regional Aviation Association of Australia (RAAA)
888:, operating under their brand name (for example,
718:equipment, present day regional airlines provide
3026:
3000:Regional Aviation Association of Australia (Aus)
2324:Frontier Commuter (Combs Airways – ITR Airlines)
1915:and flies between domestic and European cities.
662:centers, aiming to maintain year-round service.
492:The original regional airlines (then known as "
289:" carriers, operating their revenue flights as
560:(merged with Arizona and Challenger to create
1006:On Feb 12th, 2010, a year after the crash of
80:The examples and perspective in this article
2770:https://www.phl.org/newsroom/Landline-update
2233:Marketing brands with regional-type aircraft
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1236:
285:, most regional airlines are classified as "
2749:
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2213:
1869:marketing brand and is also owned by HoTH.
1476:and personnel separate from each other and
1060:and the introduction of electric aircraft.
820:, with whom it had contractual agreements.
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2893:
2695:"Frontline: Flying Cheap, Cohen interview"
872:, which operates in the Hawaiian islands.
3021:issues associated with regional airlines.
2995:European Regions Airline Association (EU)
2738:https://trb.org/publications/sr/sr263.pdf
238:Learn how and when to remove this message
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
2894:Belina, F. W.; Bush, L. R. (June 1977).
2119:
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2807:"Members in the Regional Airline Assoc"
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1950:List of regional airlines § Europe
1848:, a brand operated by regional airline
958:at Brussels Airport in 1977. Much like
16:Classification of scheduled air carrier
3027:
1448:These regional brands are a form of a
981:into full Air France colours as well.
623:Commuter Airlines of the United States
469:) were replaced by higher-performance
403:. The other eight trunk carriers were
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360:Transcontinental Air Transport (T-A-T)
2962:"Jetlink northwest 146 - Bing images"
2573:
2530:, a true regional airline within the
926:wearing the basic mainline livery of
1600:; to suspend operating a route with
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1315:of the major airline or fly under a
1251:
1035:Small Aircraft Transportation System
847:
369:British Overseas Airways Corporation
257:was a regional airline operating in
158:adding citations to reliable sources
129:
66:
25:
2597:Hartman, Curtis (1 February 1983).
2485:Continental's Houston Proud Express
2038:UDAN (Regional Connectivity Scheme)
1077:Atlantic City International Airport
804:did not brand their aircraft. When
637:
600:(renamed Pacific Air Lines in 1958)
13:
2208:Virgin Australia Regional Airlines
1761:Puerto Rico International Airlines
1220:Virgin Australia Regional Airlines
1073:Philadelphia International Airport
993:
876:Fee-for-departure (contract) model
14:
3051:
2978:Regional Airline Association (US)
2971:
2896:"A study of commuter air service"
2750:Le Bris, G.; et al. (2022).
2627:U.S. Department of Transportation
2473:Continental Airlines operated by
839:
802:Gulfstream International Airlines
41:This article has multiple issues.
2576:Air Transport and its Regulators
1651:Airline Deregulation Act of 1978
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2853:"AMR Eagle Holding Corporation"
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1083:Current regional airline brands
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330:Aviation between the World Wars
269:is a general classification of
145:needs additional citations for
49:or discuss these issues on the
2983:Regional Airline Partners (US)
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2705:
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2489:Frontier Airlines operated by
2190:, servicing routes in several
827:Typical seat map of a smaller
703:, and the addition of varying
679:now serve only as feeders, to
673:
314:British Aerospace Jetstream 41
1:
2756:Transportation Research Board
2599:"Pba: A Tale Of Two Airlines"
2561:
1660:Commuter Airline Association,
334:Decades before the advent of
323:
3017:, FRONTLINE investigate the
2176:, the regional arm of Qantas
2115:
1664:Regional Airline Association
1337:Regional Airline Association
722:such as the higher capacity
445:Provincetown-Boston Airlines
7:
2655:Public Broadcasting Service
2544:
1907:Chatham Dockyard Union Flag
1804:Transport Catalina Airlines
988:
892:operates flights under the
502:from 1943 to 1950 include:
316:of the UK regional airline
94:, discuss the issue on the
10:
3056:
2574:Caves, Richard E. (1962).
1947:
1609:and the subcontracting of
1324:, which is fully owned by
1240:
747:Embraer/FMA CBA 123 Vector
477:-powered designs like the
327:
304:
21:Regional Airlines (France)
18:
2758:(Report). Washington, DC.
2651:"Frontline: Flying Cheap"
2524:Pan Am Clipper Connection
2389:Republic Express ops by
2180:Regional Express Airlines
1873:
1865:which operates under the
1607:Allegheny Commuter System
1581:Smaller commuter airlines
1342:
1265:This section needs to be
1243:List of regional airlines
1237:Current regional airlines
1048:With the introduction of
1028:
860:, which links the remote
796:regional airline partner
2300:Eastern Atlantis Express
2214:Former regional airlines
1662:changes its name to the
1389:Pacific Coastal Airlines
644:Airline Deregulation Act
2623:"Essential Air Service"
2480:Continental Jet Express
2359:New York Air Connection
2304:Eastern Express ops by
2026:
1587:Civil Aeronautics Board
1543:Independent contractors
1506:American Airlines Group
1466:American Eagle Airlines
1326:American Airlines Group
500:Civil Aeronautics Board
2290:Continental Connection
2192:states and territories
2136:
2059:
1942:
1890:
1831:
1775:Royal Hawaiian Airways
1771:Rocky Mountain Airways
1706:Atlantic City Airlines
1488:Mainline carrier-owned
1474:operating certificates
1150:Cayman Airways Express
1003:
967:
943:
924:Fokker F.27 Friendship
836:
810:Continental Connection
568:North Central Airlines
495:Local service carriers
437:local service carriers
320:
299:Official Airline Guide
262:
2809:. RAA. Archived from
2505:Northwest Jet AirLink
2320:Eastern Metro Express
2271:American Inter-Island
2123:
2046:
1932:
1887:Scandinavian Airlines
1881:
1825:
1328:and does business as
1058:Advanced Air Mobility
1001:
952:Aerospatiale Corvette
949:
921:
884:, contracting with a
826:
667:major airline carrier
652:Essential Air Service
543:Lake Central Airlines
498:") sanctioned by the
479:Fokker F27 Friendship
373:Trans-Canada Airlines
355:point-to-point routes
346:and propeller-driven
312:
253:
2528:Boston-Maine Airways
2267:America West Express
2247:Air Florida Commuter
2169:King Island Airlines
2144:Airlines of Tasmania
1854:Hyannis Air Service.
1751:New England Airlines
1736:Golden West Airlines
348:aircraft performance
154:improve this article
100:create a new article
92:improve this article
2787:atpflightschool.com
2402:Trans World Express
2333:Frontier JetExpress
2295:Continental Express
1828:Hyannis Air Service
1724:Cumberland Airlines
1710:Bar Harbor Airlines
1695:Alaska Aeronautical
1185:Moçambique Expresso
1090:Aer Lingus Regional
854:independent airline
761:'s regional sister
755:Iraq invaded Kuwait
609:West Coast Airlines
604:Trans-Texas Airways
528:Challenger Airlines
379:Shifting definition
2988:2005-08-06 at the
2422:US Airways Express
2275:AmericanConnection
2257:Allegheny Commuter
2252:AirTran JetConnect
2137:
2060:
2011:Lufthansa CityLine
1971:Alitalia CityLiner
1943:
1939:Alitalia CityLiner
1891:
1846:Nantucket Airlines
1832:
1703:Antilles Air Boats
1598:Allegheny Airlines
1470:Executive Airlines
1399:Perimeter Aviation
1360:Air Canada Express
1180:Lufthansa Regional
1110:Air Europa Express
1105:Air Canada Express
1095:Aeromexico Connect
1069:air rail alliances
1008:Colgan flight 3407
1004:
968:
944:
882:affiliated airline
837:
814:US Airways Express
508:Allegheny Airlines
321:
291:codeshare services
263:
169:"Regional airline"
3040:Regional airlines
2514:Republic Airlines
2500:Republic Airlines
2496:Frontier Airlines
2407:TranStar Sky Link
2380:Piedmont Commuter
2364:Northwest Airlink
2349:Midway Connection
2203:Skytrans Airlines
2154:Alliance Airlines
2125:Embraer 170-100LR
1924:low cost carriers
1800:Suburban Airlines
1787:Sky West Aviation
1746:Midstate Airlines
1727:Execuair Airlines
1516:Piedmont Airlines
1478:American Airlines
1456:Regional airlines
1379:Bearskin Airlines
1298:flagship carriers
1294:national airlines
1286:
1285:
1050:air taxi services
870:Mokulele Airlines
866:Anchorage, Alaska
848:Independent model
829:regional airliner
783:holding companies
685:American Airlines
598:Southwest Airways
588:Pioneer Air Lines
583:Piedmont Airlines
558:Monarch Air Lines
548:Mid-West Airlines
518:Bonanza Air Lines
401:Eastern Air Lines
295:commuter airlines
287:fee-for-departure
275:regional aircraft
248:
247:
240:
230:
229:
222:
204:
128:
127:
120:
102:, as appropriate.
64:
3047:
3015:Continental 3407
2966:
2965:
2958:
2952:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2933:
2927:
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2924:
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2779:
2773:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2747:
2741:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2715:. Archived from
2709:
2703:
2702:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2679:. Archived from
2677:"RAA.com, Staff"
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2647:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2571:
2518:Midwest Airlines
2412:TW Express (TWE)
2385:Reno Air Express
2338:Grand Connection
2328:Frontier Express
2262:Aloha Island Air
2052:Textron Aviation
1817:parent companies
1795:Swift Aire Lines
1783:Seaplane Shuttle
1756:Pilgrim Airlines
1731:Florida Airlines
1720:Cochise Airlines
1647:1978 and onwards
1574:SkyWest Airlines
1569:Republic Airways
1494:Alaska Air Group
1435:Delta Connection
1281:
1278:
1272:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1210:Tunisair Express
1155:Delta Connection
1039:general aviation
902:commuter flights
894:Delta Connection
862:Aleutian Islands
852:Operating as an
749:and the 34 seat
638:Deregulation era
593:Southern Airways
533:Empire Air Lines
523:Central Airlines
267:regional airline
243:
236:
225:
218:
214:
211:
205:
203:
162:
138:
130:
123:
116:
112:
109:
103:
75:
74:
67:
56:
34:
33:
26:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3025:
3024:
2990:Wayback Machine
2974:
2969:
2960:
2959:
2955:
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2944:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2921:
2919:
2911:
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2644:
2637:
2633:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2595:
2591:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2547:
2475:Royale Airlines
2440:
2435:
2354:Midwest Connect
2344:MarkAir Express
2285:Braniff Express
2235:
2216:
2118:
2104:Bangkok Airways
2094:
2029:
1996:Eastern Airways
1952:
1920:entrepreneurial
1876:
1863:Corvus Airlines
1826:Cessna 402C of
1813:
1779:Scenic Airlines
1715:Cascade Airways
1699:Altair Airlines
1686:Air New England
1617:1969 and before
1611:Henson Airlines
1583:
1578:
1539:
1528:Delta Air Lines
1462:AMR Corporation
1458:
1450:virtual airline
1427:
1416:(operating for
1404:Porter Airlines
1394:Pascan Aviation
1349:Canadian Arctic
1345:
1309:aircraft livery
1282:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1234:
1195:Porter Airlines
1165:Iberia Regional
1085:
1065:high-speed rail
1054:very light jets
1031:
996:
994:Labor relations
991:
898:Delta Air Lines
896:brand name for
878:
850:
842:
701:aircraft cabins
693:United Airlines
689:Delta Air Lines
681:Alaska Airlines
676:
640:
618:
614:Wiggins Airways
578:Parks Air Lines
553:Mohawk Airlines
538:Florida Airways
513:Arizona Airways
462:
449:Air New England
381:
332:
326:
318:Eastern Airways
307:
244:
233:
232:
231:
226:
215:
209:
206:
163:
161:
151:
139:
124:
113:
107:
104:
89:
76:
72:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3053:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3023:
3022:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2980:
2973:
2972:External links
2970:
2968:
2967:
2953:
2942:
2928:
2904:
2886:
2875:
2864:
2844:
2824:
2813:on 10 May 2012
2798:
2774:
2761:
2742:
2729:
2704:
2686:
2683:on 2012-03-02.
2668:
2642:
2631:
2615:
2589:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2538:Pan Am Express
2535:
2532:Pan Am Systems
2521:
2507:
2502:
2493:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2425:
2419:
2417:TWA Connection
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2374:Pan Am Express
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2322:
2317:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2280:ATA Connection
2277:
2272:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2234:
2231:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2198:Sharp Airlines
2195:
2177:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2133:Darwin Airport
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2091:
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2081:
2072:
2071:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
2001:KLM Cityhopper
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1961:Air France Hop
1958:
1913:parent company
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1856:
1843:
1840:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1791:SMB Stagelines
1789:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1741:Metro Airlines
1738:
1733:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1653:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1623:1969 and after
1620:
1614:
1602:large aircraft
1582:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1559:GoJet Airlines
1556:
1551:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1485:
1457:
1454:
1439:United Express
1431:American Eagle
1426:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1414:WestJet Encore
1411:
1409:Wasaya Airways
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1384:Canadian North
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1344:
1341:
1330:American Eagle
1296:also known as
1284:
1283:
1264:
1262:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1241:Main article:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1225:WestJet Encore
1222:
1217:
1215:United Express
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1175:KLM Cityhopper
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1135:American Eagle
1132:
1127:
1125:Alaska SkyWest
1122:
1120:Alaska Horizon
1117:
1115:Air France Hop
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1030:
1027:
995:
992:
990:
987:
936:KLM Cityhopper
877:
874:
849:
846:
841:
840:Business model
838:
818:United Express
794:United Express
736:Embraer E-Jets
705:travel classes
675:
672:
639:
636:
632:I. E. Quastler
617:
616:
611:
606:
601:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
573:Ozark Airlines
570:
565:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
504:
483:BAC One-Eleven
461:
458:
385:trunk carriers
380:
377:
344:air navigation
340:rail transport
328:Main article:
325:
322:
306:
303:
246:
245:
228:
227:
142:
140:
133:
126:
125:
86:of the subject
84:worldwide view
79:
77:
70:
65:
39:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3052:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3035:Airline types
3033:
3032:
3030:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
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2987:
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2979:
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2884:
2879:
2873:
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2812:
2808:
2802:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2771:
2765:
2757:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2733:
2719:on 2007-10-11
2718:
2714:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2657:. Feb 9, 2010
2656:
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2593:
2585:
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2566:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2520:is shuttered)
2519:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2491:Lynx Aviation
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
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2472:
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2470:
2468:
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2410:
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2400:
2398:
2395:
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2383:
2381:
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2372:
2370:
2369:Ozark Midwest
2367:
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2357:
2355:
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2209:
2206:
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2201:
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2108:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2097:
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2090:
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2085:
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2080:
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2075:
2069:
2065:
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2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2031:
2030:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1903:
1900:For example,
1898:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1837:Pacific Wings
1834:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1809:
1807:Tyee Airlines
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1774:
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1721:
1718:
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1713:
1711:
1708:
1705:
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1700:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1691:Air Wisconsin
1689:
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1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1665:
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1608:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1564:Mesa Airlines
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1549:Air Wisconsin
1547:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1497:
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1495:
1492:
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1490:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1425:United States
1419:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
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3011:Flying Cheap
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2956:
2945:
2931:
2920:. Retrieved
2916:
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2878:
2867:
2856:. Retrieved
2847:
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2815:. Retrieved
2811:the original
2801:
2790:. Retrieved
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2745:
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2721:. Retrieved
2717:the original
2707:
2689:
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2671:
2659:. Retrieved
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2608:22 September
2606:. Retrieved
2602:
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2498:operated by
2441:
2431:Express (OO)
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2084:IndiaOne Air
2073:
2064:Alliance Air
2056:Independence
2054:facility in
2050:aircraft at
2048:IndiaOne Air
2035:
1986:Blue Islands
1981:BA CityFlyer
1956:Air Dolomiti
1944:
1935:Embraer E195
1917:
1906:
1902:BA CityFlyer
1899:
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1859:Ravn Connect
1858:
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1810:Zia Airlines
1676:Air Carolina
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1533:Endeavor Air
1521:PSA Airlines
1487:
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1428:
1362:operated by
1346:
1334:
1317:code sharing
1313:subsidiaries
1306:
1287:
1274:
1266:
1230:WestJet Link
1145:BA CityFlyer
1140:Azul Conecta
1130:Alliance Air
1062:
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928:KLM Airlines
906:
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890:Endeavor Air
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767:regional jet
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716:regional jet
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467:Douglas DC-3
463:
460:Early growth
441:
382:
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286:
281:flights. In
266:
264:
261:in the 1990s
234:
216:
210:October 2007
207:
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190:
183:
176:
164:
152:Please help
147:verification
144:
114:
105:
81:
57:
50:
44:
43:Please help
40:
2516:even after
2467:airline hub
2456:Embraer 190
2448:Douglas DC9
2340:(Alpha Air)
2239:airline hub
2016:TAP Express
1966:Air Nostrum
1867:Ravn Alaska
1766:Rio Airways
1681:Air Midwest
1499:Horizon Air
1369:Air Creebec
1205:TAP Express
1190:PAL Express
979:Fokker F-27
940:Cabin Staff
938:. In 1976
751:Dornier 328
674:1990s–2000s
656:communities
453:Air Florida
413:Continental
255:Flight West
3029:Categories
2922:2021-12-13
2913:"About Us"
2858:2007-10-01
2792:2023-10-20
2723:2007-10-01
2562:References
2465:, serving
2452:Fokker F28
2444:Boeing 727
2174:QantasLink
2159:FlyPelican
2110:Thai Smile
1948:See also:
1830:– Cape Air
1554:CommuteAir
1445:airlines.
1200:QantasLink
964:Air France
956:Air Alsace
913:Air France
833:lavatories
806:Colgan Air
787:code-share
642:Since the
324:Background
180:newspapers
46:improve it
3006:Frontline
2838:USA Today
2188:Australia
2186:group in
2116:Australia
2068:Air India
1511:Envoy Air
1374:Air Tindi
1322:Envoy Air
1160:Fiji Link
1023:Frontline
1013:Frontline
960:Air Alpes
909:Air Alpes
798:CommutAir
709:turboprop
699:designed
471:turboprop
429:Northwest
425:Northeast
259:Australia
96:talk page
52:talk page
2986:Archived
2584:62017216
2545:See also
2512:(ops by
2164:Fly Tiwi
2149:Airnorth
2129:Airnorth
2098:Thailand
2089:Star Air
2021:Twin Jet
2006:Loganair
1850:Cape Air
1443:mainline
1304:owners.
1302:mainline
1277:May 2014
989:Industry
775:Canadair
720:aircraft
713:turbofan
660:suburban
564:in 1950)
562:Frontier
421:National
389:American
279:mainline
108:May 2017
90:You may
2510:Midwest
2463:BAE 146
2428:Western
2135:in 2010
1991:CityJet
1976:Aurigny
1911:of its
1883:CityJet
1418:WestJet
1267:updated
771:Embraer
732:CRJ1000
447:, both
433:Western
409:Capital
405:Braniff
305:History
301:(OAG).
297:in the
271:airline
194:scholar
3019:safety
2817:28 May
2661:1 June
2582:
2459:E-jets
2184:Qantas
2079:FlyBig
1909:livery
1895:Europe
1874:Europe
1819:were:
1343:Canada
1029:Future
880:As an
868:, and
858:PenAir
763:Comair
728:CRJ900
724:CRJ700
393:United
196:
189:
182:
175:
167:
2899:(PDF)
2461:, or
2315:(PRE)
2312:(PBA)
2309:(AMD)
2306:(AJC)
2032:India
1170:J-Air
759:Delta
711:, to
691:, or
648:rural
626:, by
417:Delta
367:like
201:JSTOR
187:books
98:, or
2819:2012
2663:2012
2610:2017
2580:LCCN
2397:(MQ)
2394:(XJ)
2391:(9E)
2027:Asia
1656:1981
1641:1978
1635:1977
1629:1972
1594:1967
1468:and
1437:and
1364:Jazz
1351:and
1100:AJet
1075:and
1052:and
1043:VLJs
1033:The
922:NLM
743:DC-3
658:and
630:and
481:and
451:and
431:and
399:and
371:and
173:news
2699:PBS
2603:Inc
2131:at
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1937:of
1933:An
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1079:).
971:NLM
954:of
950:An
932:NLM
864:to
816:or
773:or
687:,
475:jet
473:or
397:TWA
156:by
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