2963:
1825:
1784:
1978:, but at independence in 1962 nearly all of them left the country. Because the 1870 Crémieux Decrees, which aimed at assimilating the colonists of Algeria to France, gave Jews full French citizenship, most members of the Jewish community emigrated to France. The small remaining Jewish population appeared to have stabilized at roughly 1,000. It was thought to be close to this number in the early 1990s. Although no untoward incidents occurred during the Arab-Israeli wars of 1967 and 1973, a group of youths sacked the only remaining
1741:(increasing Arabic education and the use of Arabic in professional institutions) had failed to come to fruition: French remained the language of the political elite and French speaking students were prioritised for jobs. Thus, the movement began spreading to university campuses, where it was encouraged by the state as a counterbalance to left-wing student movements. By the 1980s, the movement had become even stronger, and in November 1982, bloody clashes erupted at the
2023:
1591:
83:
760:
751:
887:
1998:, the percentage of Algerians identifying themselves as non-religious increased from around 8% in 2013 to around 15% in 2018. A follow-up by Arab Barometer, released in December 2019, found that the growth in Algerians identifying themselves as non-religious is driven by young Algerians, with roughly 25% of that specific
1947:
in
Algeria dates from 1952. Though the religion achieved some growth and organization through 1967 including converts, the period of the independence of Algeria when the country adopted Islamic practices in rejection of colonial influences and subsequently the religion was effectively banned in 1968.
1682:
Jews and
Christians, are according to the Qur'an recognized as the precursors of Islam and who were called "people of the book" because of their holy scriptures, were permitted to continue their own communal and religious life as long as they recognized the temporal domain of Muslim authorities, paid
668:
in the latter half of the 7th century and the early 8th century introduced Islam to parts of the area. During the initial stage of the occupation, Berbers would often return to their traditional religion, but the satisfaction of participating in the conquering Arab armies began to win Berber converts
1725:
of the 1990s. Al Qiyam called for a more dominant role for Islam in
Algeria's legal and political systems and opposed what it saw as Western practices in the social and cultural life of Algerians. This proved to be the most difficult challenge for the immediate post-independent regimes as they tried
1868:
established in
Algeria were concerned with charitable and relief work; the establishment of schools, workshops, and infirmaries; and the training of staff for the new establishments. Some of the missionaries of these organizations remained in the country after independence, working among the poorer
688:
and
Tlemcen in the eleventh century in Algeria. A new chapter for the North African church begun in the thirteenth century when newcomers from Europe took up residence in the larger coastal towns. These included Christian captives, merchants as well as mercenaries hired by local Muslim rulers.
1726:
to incorporate an
Islamic national identity alongside socialist policies. Whereas the new leaders of Algeria saw Islam and Socialism as both compatible and features of Algerian culture and society; radical Islamists saw Islam as the only defining characteristic and in fact incompatible.
1756:, some because they had become more conservative religiously and others because the veil kept them from being harassed on the streets, on campuses, or at work. Islamists also prevented the enactment of a more liberal family code despite pressure from feminist groups and associations.
882:
839:
1694:
colonial regime set about undermining traditional Muslim
Algerian culture. The French ideas such as freedom of religion, however, vastly differed from the Islamic way of living. For this reason, Islam was a strong element of the resistance movement to the French.
636:). Religious practice was further influenced by the Phoenicians, Greeks and Romans, who also introduced their own gods or reinterpreted certain indigenous gods as their own. Christianity is first attested in Roman Africa in 180 and produced for some time the
791:
815:
963:
899:
1718:, or sermon, was issued to them by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. That ministry also administered religious property, the habus, provided for religious education and training in schools, and created special institutes for Islamic learning.
1916:(EPA), closing down dozens of churches in three waves since 2008, putting the churches through rigorous processes before allowing then to re-open. This activity included eighteen churches closed between November, 2017 and October, 2019. The
1920:
included
Algeria in its 2020 report of the world's most severe religious freedom violators for a number of discriminatory actions, including the fact that, as of the report, 12 EPA churches had not yet been given permission to re-open.
608:. Estimates of the Christian population range from 71,000 (estimate for 2010) to 200,000 (2018 report). The latest available estimates suggest a Baháʼí population of 3,300 (2010 report), and a Jewish community of less than 200 people.
1924:
A 2015 study estimates some 380,000 Christian believers from a Muslim background in the country, most of whom subscribe to some form of evangelical
Christianity. There is also a small growing Pentecostal and evangelical community.
911:
1736:
became president in 1979. Chadli's regime was much more tolerant with
Islamists, and with Algeria in the midst of an socio-economic crisis including unemployment and inflation, social tensions were high. Policies of
3499:
1336:
1343:
1331:
1651:. Recognized as just and spiritual men, marabouts often had extensive followings, locally and regionally. Muslims believed that baraka could be inherited, or that a marabout could confer it on a follower.
1420:
803:
1666:, its own rituals, signs, symbols, and mysteries. The brotherhoods were prevalent in the rural and mountainous areas of Algeria and other parts of North Africa. Their leaders were often marabouts or
1698:
After independence, the Algerian government asserted state control over religious activities for purposes of national consolidation and political control. Islam became the state religion in the new
1432:
713:
regime consistently sought, to a far greater extent than its predecessor, to increase Islamic awareness and to reduce Western influence, the rights of non-Muslims continued to be respected. The
810:
894:
906:
834:
827:
1749:. The violence resulted in the state's cracking down on the movement, a confrontation that would intensify throughout the 1980s and early 1990s (see The Islamist Factor, ch. 4).
1732:
largely contained militant Islamism during his reign, although it remained throughout the 1970s under a different name and with a new organization. Following Boumediene's death,
1396:
1415:
822:
786:
1379:
99:
3158:
1209:
958:
870:
1885:
or surveys to avoid provoking religious tensions, the number of Christians in the early 1990s was not known. Algerian Christians reside mostly in the main cities such as
1391:
2604:
2180:
Hackett, Conrad; Connor, Phillip; Stonawski, Marcin; Skirbekk, Vegard; Potančoková, Michaela; Abel, Guy (2015-04-02). "Religious Composition by Country, 2010 and 2050".
1917:
1427:
2005:
The Arab Barometer survey in 2018 reported of those that responded: 99.1% of Algerians identified as Muslim, 0.4% as Christian, 0.4% as no faith and 0.1% as Jewish.
1721:
Those measures, however, did not satisfy everyone. As early as 1964, a militant Islamic movement, called Al Qiyam (values), emerged and became the precursor of the
1439:
798:
3486:
2525:
Dr Jonathan N.C. Hill (2006) Identity and instability in postcolonial Algeria, The Journal of North African Studies, 11:1, 1-16, DOI: 10.1080/13629380500409735
781:
774:
3479:
3467:
2809:
1628:
Islam, the larger of the two great branches of the faith, is the form practiced by the overwhelming majority of Muslims in Algeria, while there is a small
1571:
1451:
1355:
2617:
In 2019, USCIRF met with EPA leadership, who reported that 12 of their member churches remained closed by authorities at the end of the reporting period.
1367:
1155:
1456:
1360:
1403:
2154:
1444:
701:
in the 19th century, Christianity returned though few Algerians converted and the Church served mostly European settlers. Since the mid-20th-century
3220:
1869:
segments of the population. In the early 1980s, the Roman Catholic population numbered about 45,000, most of whom were foreigners (usually ethnic
1276:
875:
858:
1281:
1286:
1236:
1177:
846:
1266:
2181:
2128:
1261:
1221:
1204:
1187:
517:
454:
1182:
1408:
1231:
1167:
2937:
3365:
3567:
3205:
1564:
2752:
3601:
2051:
1348:
445:
2889:
537:, with nearly ninety-eight of the population (over ninety-nine percent of the population that state any religion) adhering to
3624:
3355:
2899:
2871:
2696:
2272:
2220:
1949:
3817:
2968:
597:
489:
863:
851:
1557:
669:
to Islam. Tensions between the Arabs and the Berbers remained, however, and many Berbers adopted the egalitarian sect of
2123:
3802:
3639:
3444:
2262:
1860:
of the Muslim population was at first strictly prohibited; later the prohibition was less vigorously enforced, but few
223:
2566:
2086:
Muslim 2,299 - Christian 9 - Jewish 2 - No religion 10 - no answer 12 Number surveyed 2,332 Number who responded 2,320
4063:
3714:
3580:
2762:
2727:
2713:
2305:
2133:
413:
2686:
2098:
1070:
510:
401:
3654:
2574:
3634:
2295:
1934:
1670:. The more orthodox Sunni Muslims dominated the urban centers, where traditionally trained men of religion, the
3696:
3455:
1938:
1384:
381:
253:
2991:
3891:
3807:
3701:
3235:
3128:
3076:
2930:
377:
4098:
3858:
3780:
3729:
3560:
2962:
2158:
2046:
1913:
684:
Christianity slowly declined in the meantime until the last native Christians communities disappeared from
665:
577:
573:
553:
288:
257:
1192:
4037:
3920:
3681:
3001:
1706:
or that would in any way undermine Islamic beliefs and principles. The state monopolized the building of
1601:
Islam, the religion of almost all of the Algerian people, pervades most aspects of life. It provides the
621:
503:
107:
103:
3957:
3881:
3797:
3536:
3518:
2542:
2499:
2347:
2041:
1774:
1710:, and the Ministry of Religious Affairs controlled an estimated 5,000 public mosques by the mid-1980s.
1306:
1095:
1088:
737:
698:
484:
245:
219:
1959:
community of Algeria dates back to antiquity, with some members claiming descent from immigrants from
3827:
3724:
3686:
3275:
2986:
2460:
1311:
425:
341:
201:
1824:
1372:
3942:
3596:
3505:
3390:
3380:
3185:
2923:
2844:
1881:
community. Because the government adopted a policy of not inquiring about religious affiliation in
1778:
1321:
1316:
1160:
284:
116:
2833:
2419:
Lower, Michael (2014). "The Papacy and Christian Mercenaries of Thirteenth-Century North Africa".
3932:
3901:
3785:
3765:
3609:
3553:
3395:
3280:
3215:
2036:
1787:
1770:
1722:
479:
409:
241:
38:
2074:
1752:
The rise of Islamism had a significant impact on Algerian society. More women began wearing the
4015:
3790:
3512:
3375:
3335:
3320:
3305:
3260:
3200:
3021:
2664:
1729:
1025:
709:
state, and a cabinet-level ministry acts for the government in religious affairs. Although the
565:
417:
373:
3492:
3148:
1658:, meaning way or path, or brotherhoods, were another feature of Islam in the Maghreb from the
3812:
3770:
3325:
1971:
1841:
1742:
1326:
953:
363:
278:
2861:
2075:"AB Wave V - 2018 | Algeria | Respondents' Personal Information (Demographics) | Religion |"
1702:
and the religion of its leaders. No laws could be enacted that would be contrary to Islamic
710:
3962:
3947:
3937:
3906:
3822:
3775:
3719:
3691:
3669:
3523:
3430:
3405:
3250:
3245:
3225:
3195:
3180:
3056:
1861:
1478:
421:
126:
48:
1944:
1639:
One of the dominant characteristics of Islam in North Africa was the cult of holy men, or
601:
8:
4005:
4000:
3886:
3748:
3734:
3706:
3473:
3439:
3415:
3385:
3370:
3350:
3340:
3330:
3295:
3290:
3240:
3190:
3121:
2596:
2188:
1999:
1865:
1038:
405:
2549:. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress; Helen Chapan Metz, ed. December 1993.
2506:. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress; Helen Chapan Metz, ed. December 1993.
2354:. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress; Helen Chapan Metz, ed. December 1993.
632:
and the idea of holy men (this idea continued in Muslim Algeria and holy men are called
4056:
3977:
3896:
3841:
3760:
3644:
3614:
3588:
3425:
3420:
3360:
3310:
3270:
3170:
3106:
3081:
3046:
3016:
3011:
2946:
2436:
2011:
In 2023, the country was ranked as the 9th worst place in the world to be a Christian.
1960:
1829:
1783:
1299:
1075:
1013:
948:
641:
93:
73:
2778:
1643:, which goes back to the traditional Berber religion. Marabouts were believed to have
705:, also called the Algerian Revolution, regimes have sought to develop an Islamic Arab
3990:
3952:
3876:
3871:
3461:
3400:
3345:
3300:
3285:
3265:
3255:
3230:
3175:
3133:
3096:
3071:
3026:
2895:
2867:
2758:
2723:
2692:
2468:
2440:
2301:
2268:
1606:
1533:
1115:
1105:
1058:
943:
645:
368:
4072:
4032:
4022:
4010:
3985:
3967:
3649:
3410:
3315:
3210:
3101:
3086:
2976:
2428:
1814:
1733:
1621:
1585:
1508:
990:
978:
926:
729:
714:
395:
355:
321:
317:
302:
249:
171:
161:
152:
64:
28:
2215:
3995:
3853:
3659:
3143:
3111:
3066:
3061:
2996:
2733:
2028:
1857:
1000:
637:
569:
474:
136:
132:
677:
arrived in the region at the end of the ninth century but disappeared after the
4077:
3863:
3619:
3116:
3091:
3041:
3036:
3031:
2783:
2456:
1991:
1791:
1543:
1493:
1216:
309:
268:
2432:
4092:
2981:
2552:
2509:
2474:
2357:
1870:
1523:
995:
605:
549:
197:
2779:"The Arab world in seven charts: Are Arabs turning their backs on religion?"
3629:
1975:
1806:
1699:
1617:
702:
313:
2737:
883:
National Agency for the implementation and management of Djamaa el Djazaïr
3138:
1738:
1684:
1659:
1503:
1148:
685:
625:
593:
589:
2008:
In 2022, Freedom House rated Algeria's religious freedom as 1 out of 4.
2891:
Introduction to the History of African Civilization: Precolonial Africa
2182:
The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050
1974:
early in the fifteenth century. They numbered about 140,000 before the
1894:
1878:
1488:
1246:
1172:
670:
649:
557:
1703:
2915:
1979:
1674:, conducted the religious and legal affairs of the Muslim community.
1663:
1271:
1251:
1241:
1226:
706:
585:
581:
450:
2810:"Young Arabs are Changing their Beliefs and Perceptions: New Survey"
2630:
1590:
3545:
3006:
2787:
2022:
1995:
1952:
estimated the population of Baháʼís in Algeria at 3,300 followers.
1795:
1640:
1256:
1199:
1045:
678:
633:
337:
193:
185:
181:
177:
2688:
Freedom of religion: UN and European human rights law and practice
82:
3576:
3051:
2551:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2508:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2473:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2356:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1964:
1956:
1906:
1886:
1853:
1849:
1810:
1799:
1746:
1655:
1648:
1644:
1610:
1602:
1020:
629:
329:
189:
2200:
Algeria 2010 Christian: ≈0.2% of 35,470,000 population (≈70,940)
2771:
2719:
2631:"Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census"
1898:
1890:
1882:
1845:
1833:
1715:
1714:
were trained, appointed, and paid by the state, and the Friday
1707:
1691:
1667:
1538:
1528:
1498:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1110:
1100:
1065:
674:
653:
561:
545:
2179:
759:
750:
333:
1968:
1874:
1809:
era. Its influence declined during the chaotic period of the
1671:
1629:
1625:
1518:
1483:
985:
933:
541:
538:
534:
325:
2663:
Hassall, Graham (2000). "Algeria". In Winters, Jonah (ed.).
1647:, or divine grace, as reflected in their ability to perform
640:
before it became a major center for Catholic orthodoxy. St.
2605:
United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
1963:
at the time of the Romans. The majority are descendants of
1918:
United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
1902:
1818:
1753:
1711:
1633:
1595:
1471:
2521:
2519:
1513:
2321:
1662:
onward. Each brotherhood had its own prescribed path to
2516:
2300:(Repr ed.). London: Heinemann 1981. p. 496.
2124:
2018 Report on International Religious Freedom: Algeria
1912:
The government of Algeria has been known to target the
2754:
La communauté juive d'Algérie et la période 1954-1962
2400:
2388:
2376:
2958:
2629:
Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015).
2597:"Algeria: USCIRF–RECOMMENDED FOR SPECIAL WATCH LIST"
2427:(3 JULY). The University of Chicago Press: 614–615.
2018:
1836:
built not far from the remains of his Basilica Pacis
2722:: George Ronald. pp. 309, 316, 330, 373, 380.
1687:or otherwise interfere with the practice of Islam.
2467:. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress;
2364:
2744:
2711:
2235:
1813:invasions but was strengthened in the succeeding
4090:
2658:
2656:
2628:
1677:
1624:had been for the most part converted to Islam.
2267:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 441–442.
2216:"QuickLists: Most Baha'i (sic) Nations (2010)"
1817:period, only to disappear gradually after the
1620:, and by the beginning of the 8th century the
3561:
2931:
2665:Baháʼí Communities by Country: Research Notes
2099:"Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050"
1565:
511:
2653:
2173:
2129:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
2077:. Arab Barometer Data Analysis Tool (Report)
782:Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments
673:as a means to break away from Arab control.
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
644:, one of the most important theologians in
3568:
3554:
2938:
2924:
2757:(in French). Autrement. pp. 151–175.
2712:Cameron, Glenn; with Momen, Wendy (1996).
2691:. Cambridge University Press. p. 57.
2210:
2208:
1572:
1558:
1344:Zawiyet Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine (Bounouh)
1332:Zawiyet Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine (Algiers)
552:, as of 2020. The remainder include other
518:
504:
2863:Algeria: The Revolution Institutionalized
1873:) or Algerians who had married French or
1805:Christianity came to North Africa in the
2845:Open Doors website, retrieved 2023-08-28
2452:
2450:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2109:
2002:describing themselves as non-religious.
1823:
1782:
1616:During the 7th century, Muslims reached
1589:
2859:
2662:
2406:
2394:
2382:
2327:
2205:
2155:"The World Factbook – Africa – Algeria"
2052:Ministry of Religious Affairs (Algeria)
1864:took place. The several Roman Catholic
1759:
1609:and gives most individuals their basic
4091:
2945:
2684:
2678:
2260:
3549:
2919:
2750:
2705:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2447:
2418:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2247:
2221:Association of Religion Data Archives
1950:Association of Religion Data Archives
1928:
717:government pursued a similar policy.
3575:
2969:Traditional African religions portal
2887:
2370:
2241:
2069:
2067:
1690:Soon after arriving in Algeria, the
811:Algerian scientific council of fatwa
2860:Entelis, John P. (8 January 2016).
2834:Freedom House, Retrieved 2023-04-25
2567:Brief: Religious Freedom in Algeria
895:National crescent control committee
13:
2528:
2481:
2333:
2147:
1821:invasions of the seventh century.
1632:minority. There is no significant
907:National office for Hajj and Umrah
835:National Union of Algerian Zawiyas
224:Sahara International Film Festival
14:
4110:
2261:Naylor, Phillip C. (7 May 2015).
2134:United States Department of State
2064:
3500:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3221:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2961:
2264:Historical Dictionary of Algeria
2021:
1071:List of Muslim saints of Algeria
758:
749:
81:
2894:. University Press of America.
2838:
2827:
2802:
2667:(Report). Baháʼí Online Library
2622:
2589:
2575:International Christian Concern
2559:
2412:
2297:Ancient civilizations of Africa
1764:
2288:
2091:
1985:
1939:History of the Jews in Algeria
681:lost control over the region.
54:Other religions total <0.1%
1:
3129:Traditional African religions
2057:
823:Algerian forum of maliki fiqh
787:Algerian high islamic council
2500:Islam and the Algerian State
2047:Religious freedom in Algeria
1914:Protestant Church of Algeria
1678:Islam and the Algerian state
1605:with its central social and
692:
666:Arab conquest of the Maghreb
616:
578:Protestant Church of Algeria
554:Islamic schools and branches
7:
3281:Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
3002:Traditional Berber religion
2014:
1877:. In addition, there was a
1844:was reintroduced after the
659:
622:Traditional Berber religion
414:Rugby union (national team)
21:Religion in Algeria (2020)
10:
4115:
3808:People's National Assembly
3625:Nationalism and resistance
3537:African diaspora religions
2888:Fyle, C. Magbaily (1999).
2853:
2042:Catholic Church in Algeria
1994:for a June 2019 report by
1982:in Algiers in early 1977.
1932:
1790:(Our Lady of Africa) is a
1775:Catholic Church in Algeria
1768:
1583:
1416:Zawiyet Sidi M'Hamed Saadi
1380:Zawiya Belkaïdia (Algiers)
1307:Zawiya Thaalibia (Algiers)
1096:Public holidays in Algeria
959:List of mosques in Algiers
871:Quranic readings institute
738:Algerian Islamic reference
699:French conquest of Algeria
628:, belief in an afterlife,
611:
402:Basketball (national team)
4050:
3976:
3928:
3919:
3849:
3840:
3756:
3747:
3677:
3668:
3587:
3533:
3438:
3157:
2987:Ancient Egyptian religion
2953:
2715:A Basic Baháʼí Chronology
2433:10.1017/S0038713414000761
1990:According to a survey by
1856:was established in 1838.
1683:their taxes, and did not
1428:Zawiyet Sidi Ali Debbaghi
1312:Zawiya Thaalibia (Issers)
3206:Central African Republic
2685:Taylor, Paul M. (2005).
1779:Protestantism in Algeria
1322:Zawiyet Sidi Boumerdassi
1317:Zawiyet Sidi Amar Cherif
720:
648:, was born in Thagaste (
624:consisted apparently in
3610:Medieval Muslim Algeria
2751:Ayoun, Richard (2003).
2547:Algeria (Country Study)
2504:Algeria (Country Study)
2465:Algeria (Country Study)
2352:Algeria (Country Study)
2037:Christianity in Algeria
1935:Baháʼí Faith in Algeria
1771:Christianity in Algeria
1723:Islamic Salvation Front
1392:Zawiya Belkaïdia (Oran)
652:) and taught in Hippo (
566:Christian denominations
418:Tennis (Davis Cup team)
2602:. Annual Report 2020.
1948:However, by 2010, the
1837:
1802:
1598:
1026:Sunni Islam in Algeria
574:Seventh-day Adventists
3771:Council of the Nation
3366:São Tomé and Príncipe
3356:Republic of the Congo
2471:, ed. December 1993.
2157:. CIA. Archived from
1842:Roman Catholic Church
1827:
1786:
1743:University of Algiers
1593:
1440:Zawiyet Sidi Ghobrini
1327:Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki
954:Cemeteries of Algeria
799:Algerian fiqh academy
422:Tennis (Fed Cup team)
2608:(Report). 2020-04-28
2578:(Report). April 2020
2543:Religious minorities
1788:Notre Dame d'Afrique
1760:Religious minorities
1479:Raising hands in Dua
446:World Heritage Sites
4099:Religion in Algeria
3630:War of Independence
3122:Serer creation myth
2189:Pew Research Center
2103:Pew Research Center
1848:conquest, when the
1794:church that is the
1039:Malikism in Algeria
939:Religion in Algeria
531:Religion in Algeria
305:and performing arts
3892:Telecommunications
3107:Malagasy mythology
3017:Bushongo mythology
2947:Religion in Africa
2541:Deeb, Mary Jane. "
2498:Deeb, Mary Jane. "
2346:Deeb, Mary Jane. "
1929:Baháʼí and Judaism
1838:
1803:
1599:
1452:Zawiyet Sidi Salem
1356:Zawiyet Sidi Saadi
1300:Zawiyas of Algeria
1076:Zawiyas of Algeria
1014:Sunnism in Algeria
949:Mosques of Algeria
642:Augustine of Hippo
74:Culture of Algeria
4086:
4085:
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3953:List of Algerians
3915:
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3818:Political parties
3781:Foreign relations
3743:
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3602:Classical period
3543:
3542:
3449:other territories
3236:Equatorial Guinea
3134:Tumbuka mythology
3097:Lugbara mythology
3082:Khoe/San religion
3027:Dahomean religion
2901:978-0-7618-1456-6
2873:978-1-317-36098-8
2698:978-0-521-85649-2
2469:Helen Chapin Metz
2330:, pp. 10–12.
2274:978-0-8108-7919-5
2161:on 3 January 2021
1730:Houari Boumédiène
1607:cultural identity
1582:
1581:
1534:Wazifa Zarruqiyya
1368:Zawiyet Sidi Amar
1116:Mawlid in Algeria
1106:Ashura in Algeria
1059:Sufism in Algeria
944:Muftis of Algeria
646:Roman Catholicism
580:(a federation of
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3159:Sovereign states
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3087:Lotuko mythology
2977:Akamba mythology
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1586:Islam in Algeria
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979:Quran in Algeria
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104:Military history
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3297:
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3279:
3277:
3276:Guinea-Bissau
3274:
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3259:
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3149:Zulu religion
3147:
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3052:Igbo religion
3050:
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2982:Akan religion
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2875:
2869:
2866:. Routledge.
2865:
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2841:
2835:
2830:
2815:
2811:
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2764:9782746704213
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2729:0-85398-404-2
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2553:public domain
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2513:
2511:
2510:public domain
2505:
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2475:public domain
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2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2409:, p. 11.
2408:
2403:
2397:, p. 15.
2396:
2391:
2385:, p. 13.
2384:
2379:
2373:, p. 31.
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2358:public domain
2353:
2349:
2348:Early History
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2329:
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2309:
2307:9789231017087
2303:
2299:
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2255:
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2251:
2244:, p. 30.
2243:
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2191:. p. 234
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2019:
2012:
2009:
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559:
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550:jurisprudence
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70:
66:
62:
61:
55:
50:
40:
30:
22:
16:
4027:
3933:Demographics
3902:Trade unions
3786:Human rights
3766:Constitution
3615:Ottoman rule
3511:
3498:
3485:
3440:Dependencies
3391:South Africa
3381:Sierra Leone
3186:Burkina Faso
3165:
3022:Christianity
2992:Baháʼí Faith
2907:24 September
2905:. Retrieved
2890:
2879:24 September
2877:. Retrieved
2862:
2840:
2829:
2818:. Retrieved
2816:. 2019-12-31
2813:
2804:
2793:. Retrieved
2791:. 2019-06-23
2782:
2773:
2753:
2746:
2714:
2707:
2687:
2680:
2669:. Retrieved
2643:. Retrieved
2638:
2634:
2624:
2616:
2610:. Retrieved
2603:
2591:
2580:. Retrieved
2573:
2561:
2550:
2546:
2507:
2503:
2472:
2464:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2407:Entelis 2016
2402:
2395:Entelis 2016
2390:
2383:Entelis 2016
2378:
2366:
2355:
2351:
2328:Entelis 2016
2323:
2313:24 September
2311:. Retrieved
2296:
2290:
2280:24 September
2278:. Retrieved
2263:
2237:
2226:. Retrieved
2219:
2199:
2193:. Retrieved
2175:
2163:. Retrieved
2159:the original
2149:
2138:. Retrieved
2127:
2102:
2093:
2085:
2079:. Retrieved
2010:
2007:
2004:
1989:
1976:Algerian War
1954:
1945:Baháʼí Faith
1942:
1923:
1911:
1839:
1830:St.Augustine
1804:
1765:Christianity
1751:
1728:
1720:
1700:constitution
1697:
1689:
1681:
1653:
1638:
1618:North Africa
1615:
1600:
1277:Youssoufiyya
1089:Celebrations
938:
859:Dar al-Quran
775:Institutions
703:Algerian War
696:
683:
663:
620:
530:
529:
490:
480:Coat of arms
455:
426:
382:
342:
314:Berber music
289:
258:
242:Christianity
235:
202:
153:Gender roles
53:
49:Unaffiliated
39:Christianity
20:
15:
3697:Earthquakes
3655:Arab Spring
3620:French rule
3604:(Antiquity)
3396:South Sudan
3139:Waaqeffanna
1986:Religiosity
1972:persecution
1862:conversions
1739:Arabization
1685:proselytize
1660:Middle Ages
1641:maraboutism
1504:Bash Hezzab
1455: [
1443: [
1431: [
1419: [
1407: [
1395: [
1383: [
1371: [
1359: [
1347: [
1335: [
1287:Zarrouqiyya
1257:Shadhiliyya
1237:Ouazzaniyya
1217:Khalwatiyya
1208: [
1191: [
1178:Dardouriyya
1159: [
1149:Sufi Orders
962: [
910: [
898: [
886: [
874: [
862: [
850: [
847:Dar al-Imam
838: [
826: [
814: [
802: [
790: [
626:sun worship
4006:Literature
3866:(currency)
3813:Parliament
3709:(communes)
3702:Ecoregions
3597:Prehistory
3535:See also:
3526:(Tanzania)
3513:Somaliland
3506:St. Helena
3470:(Portugal)
3445:autonomies
3376:Seychelles
3336:Mozambique
3321:Mauritania
3306:Madagascar
3261:The Gambia
3201:Cape Verde
3057:Irreligion
2820:2020-10-21
2795:2020-10-21
2671:2020-10-20
2645:30 October
2641:(10): 1–19
2612:2020-10-21
2582:2020-05-13
2228:2020-10-20
2195:2020-10-21
2187:(Report).
2140:2020-05-13
2132:(Report).
2081:2020-10-21
2058:References
1905:, and the
1895:Tizi Ouzou
1879:Protestant
1636:presence.
1489:Hizb Rateb
1262:Sheikhiyya
1247:Rahmaniyya
1222:Madyaniyya
1205:Karzaziyya
1188:Hansaliyya
1173:Darqawiyya
711:Boumediene
697:After the
650:Souk Ahras
548:school of
378:Newspapers
364:Television
279:Literature
148:Traditions
3963:Squatting
3948:Languages
3938:Education
3907:Transport
3859:Companies
3823:President
3776:Elections
3730:Volcanoes
3720:Provinces
3692:Districts
3670:Geography
3645:Civil War
3640:1962–1999
3326:Mauritius
2954:Religions
2441:154773840
2371:Fyle 1999
2242:Fyle 1999
1980:synagogue
1961:Palestine
1828:Basilica
1815:Byzantine
1664:salvation
1613:beliefs.
1282:Zaïaniyya
1272:Tijaniyya
1252:Senusiyya
1242:Qadiriyya
1227:Nasiriyya
1183:Habibiyya
715:Bendjedid
707:socialist
693:Modernity
671:Kharijism
634:marabouts
617:Antiquity
594:Anglicans
590:Lutherans
588:groups),
586:Methodist
451:Madghacen
439:Monuments
215:Festivals
182:Karantita
162:Mythology
127:Languages
4093:Category
4073:Category
4028:Religion
4001:Football
3887:Taxation
3803:Military
3749:Politics
3735:Wildlife
3581:articles
3524:Zanzibar
3495:(France)
3487:Puntland
3476:(France)
3431:Zimbabwe
3406:Tanzania
3251:Ethiopia
3246:Eswatini
3226:Djibouti
3196:Cameroon
3181:Botswana
3047:Hinduism
3012:Buddhism
2788:BBC News
2421:Speculum
2015:See also
1996:BBC News
1965:refugees
1909:region.
1883:censuses
1875:Italians
1866:missions
1796:basilica
1649:miracles
1267:Taïbiyya
1232:Omariyya
1200:Isawiyya
1168:Chabiyya
1156:Alawiyya
1046:Malikism
730:a series
728:Part of
679:Fatimids
660:Medieval
582:Reformed
410:Olympics
406:Football
338:Zindalii
236:Religion
194:Pastilla
186:Makroudh
178:Couscous
65:a series
63:Part of
4057:Outline
4038:Symbols
3986:Cuisine
3978:Culture
3921:Society
3897:Tourism
3842:Economy
3761:Cabinet
3682:Borders
3589:History
3577:Algeria
3493:Réunion
3482:(Spain)
3480:Melilla
3474:Mayotte
3468:Madeira
3464:(Spain)
3458:(Spain)
3416:Tunisia
3386:Somalia
3371:Senegal
3351:Nigeria
3341:Namibia
3331:Morocco
3296:Liberia
3291:Lesotho
3241:Eritrea
3216:Comoros
3191:Burundi
3166:Algeria
3077:Judaism
3072:Jainism
2854:Sources
2738:715496M
1969:Spanish
1907:Kabylia
1887:Algiers
1854:Algiers
1850:Diocese
1800:Algiers
1747:Algiers
1708:mosques
1668:shaykhs
1645:barakah
1622:Berbers
1611:ethical
1603:society
1021:Sunnism
630:animism
612:History
602:Baháʼís
544:of the
535:Muslims
468:Symbols
330:Nuubaat
322:Hip hop
285:Writers
254:Judaism
190:Merguez
172:Cuisine
94:History
31:(99.1%)
4078:Portal
3991:Cinema
3882:Mining
3877:Health
3872:Energy
3864:Dinar
3725:Rivers
3687:Cities
3579:
3426:Zambia
3421:Uganda
3361:Rwanda
3311:Malawi
3271:Guinea
3171:Angola
2898:
2870:
2814:Fanack
2761:
2736:
2726:
2720:Oxford
2695:
2439:
2304:
2271:
2224:. 2010
2136:. 2018
2000:cohort
1957:Jewish
1901:, and
1899:Annaba
1891:Bejaia
1871:French
1846:French
1834:Annaba
1811:Vandal
1777:, and
1716:khutba
1704:tenets
1692:French
1539:Lazimi
1529:Wazifa
1499:Hezzab
1136:Wezeea
1131:Tweeza
1126:Sebiba
1121:Mawsim
1111:Mawlid
1101:Ashura
1066:Sufism
686:Béjaïa
675:Shiism
654:Annaba
576:, the
562:Ibadis
546:Maliki
369:Cinema
318:Chaabi
137:Berber
133:Arabic
117:People
67:on the
51:(0.4%)
47:
45:
41:(0.4%)
37:
35:
27:
25:
4064:Index
4033:Sport
4023:Music
4016:films
4011:Media
3968:Women
3650:2000s
3462:Ceuta
3447:, and
3401:Sudan
3346:Niger
3301:Libya
3286:Kenya
3266:Ghana
3256:Gabon
3231:Egypt
3176:Benin
3062:Islam
2600:(PDF)
2570:(PDF)
2461:Islam
2437:S2CID
2185:(PDF)
2165:3 Jan
1967:from
1807:Roman
1712:Imams
1672:ulema
1656:turuq
1630:Ibadi
1626:Sunni
1519:Dhikr
1494:Salka
1484:Qunut
1459:]
1447:]
1435:]
1423:]
1411:]
1399:]
1387:]
1375:]
1363:]
1351:]
1339:]
1212:]
1195:]
1163:]
986:Quran
966:]
934:Islam
914:]
902:]
890:]
878:]
866:]
854:]
842:]
830:]
818:]
806:]
794:]
721:Islam
558:Shias
542:Islam
539:Sunni
396:Sport
374:Films
356:Media
326:Hofii
303:Music
250:Islam
29:Islam
3996:Flag
3791:LGBT
3508:(UK)
3411:Togo
3316:Mali
3211:Chad
2909:2024
2896:ISBN
2881:2024
2868:ISBN
2759:ISBN
2724:ISBN
2693:ISBN
2647:2015
2635:IJRR
2315:2024
2302:ISBN
2282:2024
2269:ISBN
2167:2021
1955:The
1943:The
1937:and
1903:Oran
1840:The
1819:Arab
1754:veil
1654:The
1634:Shia
1596:Oran
1524:Wird
1472:Cult
664:The
656:).
606:Jews
604:and
596:and
584:and
560:and
491:more
475:Flag
456:more
427:more
383:more
343:more
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