Religion in Fiji - Knowledge

1857: 2303: 1845: 1878:"The religion of the Fijians was so closely interwoven with their social polity that it was impossible to tear away the one without lacerating the other. ... Religion was a hard taskmaster to the heathen Fijian; it governed his every action from the cradle-mat to the grave. In the tabu it prescribed what he should eat and drink, how he should address his betters, whom he should marry, and where his body should be laid. It limited his choice of the fruits of the earth and of the sea; it controlled his very bodily attitude in his own house. All his life he walked warily for fear of angering the deities that went in and out with him, ever watchful to catch him tripping, and death but cast him naked into their midst to be the sport of their vindictive ingenuity." 1943:"It is impossible to ascertain even the probable number of the gods of Fiji; for disembodied spirits are called gods, and are regarded as such. But the natives make a distinction between those who were gods originally, and those who are only deified spirits. The former they call Kalou-vu (root-gods), the latter Kalou-yalo (deified mortals). Of the former class the number is great; but the latter are without number...There were various ranks amongst the Kalou-vu according to the extent of their territory and the number of their worshippers. Thus, some gods were universally known throughout Fiji, others were local gods of large or small territories, while some were simply gods of particular families." 2180:"The concept of mana associated with the ancestor cult is strong in the native pattern of thought. According to this concept mana is the vital force or potency which gives supernatural significance to persons or things...Its presence in a person or thing is not attributed to power inherent in the thing itself but to some spiritual force lodging in it...The first-born of each noble clan was the temporary repository of the mana of the clan’s ancestral forefathers. The chiefs had the strongest forefathers and the high chief was the most sacred because theoretically they received mana from the most powerful ancestor gods." 2359: 1928:"Many Yavusa still venerate a bird (e.g. kingfisher, pigeon, heron), an animal (e.g. dog, rat, or even man), a fish or reptile (e.g. shark, eel, snake), a tree (especially the ironwood or Nokonoko), or a vegetable, claiming one or more of these as peculiarly their own and refusing to injure or eat them. The relationship is evidently totemic, and it is probable that each totemic group originally recognized a complete series of three totems: manumanu (living creature, whether animal, bird or insect), fish or vegetable, and tree." 2059:, and cooked feasts, including human sacrifices. As a small offering wreaths were presented. The priest prayed to the god, who presently took possession of him and spoke through him or revealed his will by means of a sign or omen...When a priest was possessed his whole body shook in convulsions and his flesh twitched...The people gave a loud cry as the god took possession of the priest. When the god finally left the Bete was served with Yaqona. After the ceremony the priest and his clan consumed the sacred offerings. 1995:"In these traditions Degei figures not only as the origin of the people, but also as a huge snake, living in a cave near the summit of the mountain Uluda - the northernmost peak of the Nakauvadra Range. Earth tremors and thunder were ascribed as his uneasy turnings within the cave. He took no interest in his people’s affairs; his existence was no more than a round of eating and sleeping. By association with him, snakes were honoured as ‘the Offspring of the origin’. The snake cult was generally throughout the group." 2222:

was published in the first part of the 19th century by Ms. Ann Tyson Harvey. This tells of Lutunasobasoba, supposedly a great ancestral chief and a brother of Degei II, whose people came to settle Fiji. The third story of Fijian origin is muddled in the two stories, but can be found in a local article referred to as the: "NAMATA", or the face. There are variations of this story; some versions state three migrations, some exclude Lutunasobasoba and have only Degei, but they have common themes.

2069:"All the offerings (to the gods) refer to the present life. The Fijians propitiate the gods for success in war, offspring, deliverance from danger and sickness, fruitful seasons, fine weather, rain, favourable winds, etc., etc.; but their religious ideas do neither extend to the soul, nor to another world...The influence of the priest over the common people is immense, although he is generally the tool of the chief. Indeed, these two personages most usually act in concert." 2055:"The priest had charge of the worship of the clan’s ancestor gods (Kalou vu). He was the intermediary for the people and the god. Since he was influential in securing mana from the god, he was feared and respected. He controlled the activities of the people in warfare, in times of famine, and in sickness, receiving offerings from the people and presenting them to the god according to the sevusevu ceremonial pattern...The principal offerings were first fruits, 1960:

trees such as Baka or Ivi trees, caves, isolated sections of the forest, dangerous paths and passages through the reef were considered sacred and home to a particular Kalou-Vu or Kalou-Yalo and were thus treated with respect and a sense of awe and fear, or "Rere", as it was believed they could cause sickness, death, or punish disobedience. Others would provide protection. Thomas Williams and James Calvert in their book "Fiji and the Fijians" writes:

1742:(5) Except with his or her consent or, in the case of a person under the age of 18, the consent of a parent or guardian, a person attending a place of education is not required to receive religious instruction or to take part in or attend a religious ceremony or observance if the instruction, ceremony or observance relates to a religion that is not his or her own or if he or she does not hold any religious belief. 2295: 1796: 144: 2020:"The gods were propitiated to ensure favourable winds for sailing, fruitful seasons, success in war, deliverance from sickness...In times of peace and prosperity, the Bure Kalou might fall into disrepair; but when drought and scarcity came, or war threatened, the god was remembered, his dwelling repaired, its priest overwhelmed with gifts and attention." 1990:, who was a god of Rakiraki but was known throughout most of the Fiji Group of islands except for the eastern islands of the Lau group. He was believed to be the origin of all tribes within Fiji and his power was superior to most, if not all, the other gods. He was often depicted as a snake, or as half snake and half stone. R.A Derrick (1957:11) says: 2206:

to a jumping off point (a cliff, a tree, or a rock on the beach). At that point the spirit will begin their journey to the land of spirits (Vanua Ni Yalo). The spirit's journey would be a dangerous one because the god Ravuyalo would try to obstruct and hinder it on its travels to Vanua Ni Yalo. Anthropologist Laura Thompson (1940:115) writes:

2246:, through the Asian islands, ending their journey in Fiji; by this time Tura had died and his son Lutunasobasoba was leader. During a storm in the waters of the Mamanuca Island Group, he lost the chest of Mana, or more practically put, he lost the chest containing Fiji's ancestors' written history before Fiji, including the written language. 2085:"The Fijians...attributed all unexplained phenomena to gods, spirits or to witchcraft...Sickness and insanity were the work of malignant spirits, and food gardens wilted under their spells. In such cases sorcery was assumed and steps were taken to find the sorcerer and counter his spell with another, more potent." 2417:

of Fiji establishes the freedom of religion and defines the country as a secular state, but also provides that the government may override these laws for reasons of public safety, order, morality, health, or nuisance, as well as to protect the freedom of others. Discrimination on religious grounds is

2221:

The Fijian race origins have many different lines passed down through oral traditional story or in relics of songs and dance, the most practical is found oral history. In myth it is accepted by most Fijians that their origins are found through the Kalou Vu Degei. An alternative tale from times past

2079:

Consulting the spirit world and using them to influence daily affairs were part of the Fiji religion. Using various specially decorated natural objects like a conch shell bound in coconut fibre rope or war club, it was a form of divination and was not only in the realm of priests. It was referred to

1981:"Local gods were plentiful, but were celebrated in legend and song more for the wild obscenities of their sylvan antics than for their influence in human affairs...The old tales of gymnastic encounters in bathing places, which celebrated, with hilarious ribaldry, the sexual prowess of ancestor-gods." 2273:

These histories have an important role in ceremony and social polity, as they are an integral part of various tribes' history and origins. They are often interconnected between one tribe and another across Fiji, such as the Fire walkers of Beqa and the Red prawns of Vatulele, to mention but a few.

1970:

The main gods were honoured in the Bure Kalou or temple. Each village had its Bure Kalou and its priest (Bete). Villages that played a pivotal role in the affairs of the Vanua had several Bure Kalou. The Bure Kalou was constructed on a high raised rock foundation that resembled a rough pyramid base

1894:

took the form of a great shark and lived on Benau Island, opposite Somosomo Strait. He was highly respected by the people of Cakaudrove and Natewa as the god of seafaring and fishing communities, but also the patron of adulterers and philanderers. In the book "Pacific Irishman", the Anglican priest

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According to the most recent census in 2007, most people have a Christian background (64.4% of the population), with a sizable Hindu (27.9%) and Muslim (6.3%) minority. Religion tends to split along ethnic lines with most Indigenous Fijians being Christian and most Indo-Fijians being mostly Hindu or

2436:

leaders were advocating for the country to become "a Christian nation" and that this could cause societal unrest. Following the press release, Methodist leaders distanced themselves from their previous statements, and other religious leaders also affirmed the non-political nature of their religious

2205:

At death it is believed that the spirits of the dead would set off on a journey to Bulu, which is the home of the dead sometimes described as a paradise. Immediately after death the spirit of the recently departed is believed to remain around the house for four days and after such time it then goes

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were also viewed as a means by which spirits and supernatural forces would communicate with the living and communicate special messages and knowledge. A dream where close relatives were seen conveying a message was termed "Kaukaumata" and was an omen warning of an approaching event that may have a

1959:

The Fijian gods (Kalou-Vu, Kalou-Yalo and numerous lesser spirits) were generally not made into any form of idol or material form for worship apart from some small objects used in ceremony and divination. However, it was more prevalent that certain places or objects like rocks, bamboo clumps, giant

160:

Fijian religion prior to the 19th century included various forms of animism and divination. Contact from the early 19th century with European Christian missionaries, especially of the Methodist denomination, saw conversion of dominant chiefs such as Octavia and thus also the people they controlled.

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According to the 2007 census, Hindus form the second largest religious group in Fiji, comprising 27% of the population. Hinduism in varying forms was the first of the Eastern religions to enter Fiji, with the introduction of the indentured labourers brought by the British authorities from India.

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Mana is a term for a diffuse supernatural power or influence that resides in certain objects or persons and accounts for their extraordinary qualities or effectiveness. In Melanesia a stone having mana may be buried in a garden to increase the crops. Mana may also be attached to songs, dreams or

2000:

Other gods recognized throughout the Fiji group were: Ravuyalo, Rakola, and Ratumaibulu. Rokola was the son of Degei and was the patron of carpenters and canoe-builders, while Ratumaibulu assured the success of garden crops. Ravuyalo would stand watch on the path followed by departed spirits: he

1975:

of the god. More permanent offerings hung around the wall inside. Outside of the Bure Kalou, plants with pleasant aromas were grown which facilitated spiritual contact and meditation. Many of the gods were not celebrated for their sympathetic ear to man or their loving natures, rather they were

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prior to becoming a colony. After cession, laws that governed Britain were also applied to its colonies and religion developed under the Westminster system. Freedom of religion and conscience has been constitutionally protected in Fiji since the country gained independence in 1970. In 1997, a

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set foot at Veiseisei and from there the early Fijians settled Fiji and his children were Adi Buisavuli, whose tribe was Bureta, Rokomautu whose tribe was Verata, Malasiga whose tribe was Burebasaga, Tui Nayavu whose tribe was Batiki, and Daunisai whose tribe was Kabara. It is believed in this

1914:

The crew, instantly awake and concerned, followed the ancient pattern, pouring a strong libation of kava into the sea, which, it would seem, was just the right idea for placating fish-gods; the monster slowly submerged, the breeze gradually gathered the cutter away, its keel dragging along the

1883:

Myth was very much reality in the years preceding and following cession. For example, in Taveuni their god, Kalou Vu(root god), is named Dakuwaqa (Back boat). In Levuka and Kadavu Islands he is known as Daucina (Expert Light) due to the phosphorescence he caused in the sea as he passed.

2444:. While Hindus face less persecution than before, a Hindu temple was vandalized in 2017. Later that year, following an online post by an Indian Muslim cleric visiting the country, a significant amount of anti-Muslim discourse was recorded on Fijian Facebook pages, causing controversy. 2196:

In modern Fiji, while the term is still used in a traditional sense, it has a more generalized use and with the introduction of the Fijian Bible it is used to describe miracles. The term Mana, when used in ceremonial speech, can be interpreted as "it is true and has come to pass."

2404:

While much of the old religion is now considered not much more than myth, some aspects of witchcraft and the like are still practiced in private, and many of the old deities are still acknowledged, but avoided, as Christianity is followed by the majority of indigenous Fijians.

2211:"The dominant belief...is that when a man dies his soul goes to Nai Thibathiba, a ‘jumping-off’ place found on or near each island, usually facing the west or northwest. From here the soul goes to Nai Thombothombo, the land of souls located on the Mbua coast, of Vanua Levu." 2033:"The temple-worship of the gods consists of the lovi, an act of propitiation; the musukau, an act of covenant or solemn vow; the soro, and act of atonement for sin; and the madrali, an act of thanksgiving. The first-fruits of the earth are invariably presented to the gods." 2418:

outlawed, and incitement of hatred against religious groups is a criminal offense. The constitution further states that religious belief may not be used as an excuse for disobeying the law, and formally limits proselytization on government property and at official events.

1768:(c) the State and all persons holding public office must not prefer or advance, by any means, any particular religion, religious denomination, religious belief, or religious practice over another, or over any non-religious belief; and 2265:

say that he was a trouble maker and was banished from Nakauvadra along with his people; it's been rumored the story was a fabrication of early missionaries. It is also believed there were three migrations, one led by Lutunasobasoba, one by Degei, and another by

1718:(3) The right set out in subsection (2) extends to the right of religious communities or denominations to provide religious instruction as part of any education provided by them, whether or not they are in receipt of any financial assistance from the State. 161:

Cession of the islands to Great Britain in 1874 saw great change in all aspects of life including religious practice. Christianity became the dominant faith. Hinduism, Sikhism and Islam were introduced as minority migrant communities came to work in Fiji.

2326:. The cession of 1874 saw a more dominant role within Fijian society as the old religion was gradually replaced by the new Christian faith. Bure Kalou were torn down and in their place churches were erected. Most influential were the 2387:

Muslims in the country are mainly part of the Indo-Fijian community, they form about 6.3 percent of the total population (62,534). The Ba province in Fiji has more than 20,000 Muslims and is the most Muslim dominated area in Fiji.

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In the writings of Ms. Ann Tyson Harvey (1969) in her paper "The Fijian Wanderers" she writes of Tura, who was a tribal chieftain in a time which pre-dates the era of the great pyramids. He lived near what is known as Thebes in

2014:

The different gods were consulted regularly on all manner of things from war to farming to forgiveness. The Bete (Priest) acted as a mediator between the people and the various Gods. R.A Derrick (1957:10 and 12) notes:

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Religious groups may run schools, but all religious courses or prayer sessions must be optional for students and teachers. Schools may profess a religious or ethnic character, but must remain open to all students.

1746:(6) A person must not be compelled to take an oath, or to take an oath in a manner, that is contrary to his or her religion or belief or that requires him or her to express a belief that he or she does not hold. 1908:, a well known, tall, and very erect Scot, even to his nineties, told of the sleepy afternoon as his cutter was sailing from his tea estate at Wainunu, under a very light wind, with most of the crew dozing. 1714:(2) Every person has the right, either individually or in community with others, and both in public and in private, to manifest his or her religion or belief in worship, observance, practice or teaching. 3899: 1911:

A great fish, which he described as near 60 feet in length, brown-spotted and mottled on its back, with the head of a shark and the tail of a whale, came up under his ship, almost capsizing it.

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was established in Fiji in the 1950s and by 2019, it reported 50 congregations, a technical college, and a Temple. There are over 200 Orthodox Christians, with 4 churches and one monastery.

2038:

As a medium of the god, the Bete relied on dreams and, when inspired, fell into trances. His body trembled as he was possessed and in a strange voice he announced the message of the god.

1938:

Traditionally Fijian religion had a hierarchy of gods called "Kalou" or sometimes in the western dialect "Nanitu". In 1854 an early Methodist missionary, Rev. Joseph Waterhouse stated:

2529: 1869:

Fijian religion, myth, and legend were closely linked and in the centuries before the cession of 1874, it was considered part of everyday life. Of the traditional religion in Fiji,

2270:, traditionally known to reside in Vereta, along with numerous regional tales within Fiji that are not covered here and still celebrated and spoken of in story, song and dance. 1971:

and stood out from other bures because of its high roof, which formed an elongated pyramid shape. Inside, a strip of white masi cloth hung from the top rafters to the floor as

87:

According to the World Religion Database, in 2020, Christians made up 63.91% of the population (mainly Protestant), 27.74% are Hindu and 6.2% are Muslims; 1% have no religion.

2963:, by Deryck Scarr, published by Routledge. (Reference to Fijian religion and mythology, details on various deities and religious practices and beliefs of pre-Christian Fiji.) 3026:, by Ann Tyson Harvey, with assistance of Joji Suguturaga, 1969, Oceania Printer Suva Fiji. (Full tale of Tura, Lutunasobasoba and Degei and the great migration from Egypt.) 1702:

Although religion and the State are separate, the people of the Fiji Islands acknowledge that worship and reverence of God are the source of good government and leadership.

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Religion, ethnicity, and politics are closely linked in Fiji; government officials have criticized religious groups for their support of opposition parties. In 2017, the

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as "Draunikau" in the Bauan vernacular and the practice was viewed as suspicious, forcing the practitioners to do it stealthily. R.A Derrick (1957:10 and 15) writes:

2175:"Mana" could be loosely translated as meaning magic or power or prestige, but it is better explained by anthropologist Laura Thompson (1940:109) when she writes: 734: 3072:, by Ronald Albert Derrick, published 1946, Original from the University of Wisconsin - Madison, Digitized 23 Aug 2007, pages 7–8. (Details on Lutunasobasoba.) 2913:, published 1984, R. McMillan, Original from the University of Michigan, Digitized Apr 3, 2007. (Reference to Degei, amongst other details of religion in Fiji.) 121:

church. Hinduism and Islam arrived with the importation of large numbers of people from South Asia, most of them indentured, in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

2935:, published 1921, T.F. Unwin Ltd, pages 64, 70 and 161. (Details of Ratumaibulu and his role as a Fijian deity, also other details on Fijian deities or Kalou.) 1965:"Idolatry - in the strict sense of the term - he seems to have never known for he makes no material attempts to fashion material representations of his gods." 2152:

In some instances, there was also a person whose sole purpose was to interpret dreams. He or she was referred to as the "Dautadra", or the "dream expert".

2275: 2973:, published 1908 by W. Heinemann. (Details on Fijian legend and mythology, details on Lutunasobasoba and his children, details of the great migration.) 3480: 2278:

of Ra who was the blessed child of a Fijian Kalou yalo. The list goes on, but each, at some turn, find a common point of origin or link to the other.

2925:, by Polynesian Society (N.Z.), published 1945, Indian Botanical Society. (Reference to Degei and also Lutunasobasoba and aspects of Fijian religion.) 2830:

Sussana Trnka (2002), Foreigners at Home: Discourses of Difference, Fiji Indians and the Looting of May 19, Pacific Studies, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 69-90

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Religious organizations must register with the government through a trustee in order to be able to hold property and to be granted tax-exempt status.

3438: 2318:, who were more receptive to the European visitors. As Tongan influence grew in the Lau Group of Fiji, so did Christianity under the Tongan Prince 2347: 3788: 2191:

ideas. Mana is not the same as a personal power or influence. It is an arbitrary, uncontrollable force that may come or go without explanation.

2943:, by Joseph Waterhouse (Details on Fijian religion and deities of the old religion, and details of early Christianity and its missionaries.) 3012:, page 104, by Anne E. Becker, 1995. (Reference to dreams from a Fijian perspective as a form for spirits to communicate with the living.) 2537: 3266: 2107: 1976:

beings of supernatural strength and abilities that had little concern for the affairs of man. Peter France (1966:109 and 113) notes:

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Many Hindus of Fiji emigrated to other countries. Several Hindu temples were burned, believed to be arson attacks, for example, the

2274:

Also, each chiefly title has its own story of origin, like the Tui Lawa or Ocean Chieftain of Malolo and his staff of power and the

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The term ancient religion in this article refers to the religious beliefs and practices in Fiji prior to it becoming a Colony.

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Special knowledge could be gained through dreams and, while dreaming, people could be told to do certain things - even murder.

1900:"When I came to Fiji the famed fish-god, the Dakuwaqa, was very much a reality. The Government ship, the Lady Escott, reached 3271: 3256: 3190: 3097:, by Rusiate T. Komaitai, and Albert J. Schütz, Contributor Rusiate T. Komaitai, published 1971, University of Hawaii Press, 2453: 2165:"Seers (Daurai) and dreamers (Dautadra) could predict the future, communicating with deities either in a trance or a dream." 2878:(reference to Fijian old religion Myth and legend, their intertwining nature, and also to the emergence of Christianity.) 2479: 2463: 2302: 489: 2242:, where Tura then Married a Tanzanian woman and then with his tribes, for various reasons, traveled ocean-ward out past 2988:, by Berthold Seemann. (Details on the Fijian belief system before Christianity and the introduction of Christianity.) 2700: 1774:

The 2013 Constitution also explicitly allows people to swear an oath or to make an affirmation when legally necessary.

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would look to catch them off guard and club them. His purpose was to obstruct their journey to the afterlife (Bulu).

2938: 1770:(d) no person shall assert any religious belief as a legal reason to disregard this Constitution or any other law. 3939: 3803: 3692: 3433: 3308: 2459: 2429: 1918:

To the Fijian crew this was the "Dakuwaqa"--in the twentieth century; what must have been the effect in the tenth?"

1905: 1766:(b) the State and all persons holding public office must not dictate any religious belief; 1722:(4) The right set out in subsection (2) may be made subject to such limitations prescribed by law as are necessary: 3475: 3224: 2979:, page 167, by John Fien, Helen Sykes, and David Yencken. (Reference to Lutunasobasoba and the great migration.) 1806: 3718: 3303: 3219: 3203: 3251: 2958: 124:

Fiji has many public holidays as it acknowledges the special days held by the various belief systems, such as

3949: 2949:, page 110, by University of Sydney, Australian National Research Council, 1930. (Details on Lutunasobasoba.) 2787: 3276: 3261: 2839: 3909: 3894: 3866: 3823: 3524: 699: 594: 1764:(a) the State and all persons holding public office must treat all religions equally; 3833: 3753: 3313: 1860:

A Sleeping Buri, Built at Vewa, For the favourite little son of Namosemalua, Feejee (October 1852, p.108)

2601: 3929: 3889: 3529: 3511: 2322:. Its advancement was solidified further by the conversion of the emerging Dominant chieftain of Bau, 3970: 3924: 3677: 3647: 3389: 3333: 3183: 3020:, by Martha Kaplan, pages 49, 73, 150, 186 and 193. (References to dreams from a Fijian standpoint.) 1954:"Groups in Fiji who are tauvu or kalou-vata, i.e. worshippers of the same god, have a common origin". 1751: 1695: 524: 2563: 1758:

4.(1) Religious liberty, as recognised in the Bill of Rights, is a founding principle of the State.

3548: 3428: 1888:, however, has a different connotation as a Kalou yalo (deified ancestors) in other parts of Fiji. 2982: 2902: 3813: 3423: 3394: 3147: 2043: 3746: 3470: 3465: 3379: 3364: 3338: 3323: 3241: 3143: 2613: 1972: 2985:

Viti: An Account of a Government Mission to the Vitian Or Fijian Islands, in the Years 1860-61

3783: 2932: 2734: 2090: 3798: 3642: 3623: 3560: 3506: 3406: 3369: 3176: 2904:

A Feejeean and English Dictionary: With Examples of Common and Peculiar Modes of Expression

2688: 2414: 2323: 1679: 664: 3130: 1813: 1450: 8: 3944: 3848: 3769: 3411: 3155: 2638: 2494: 2955:, page 131, by John Fien, David Yencken, and Helen Sykes. (Reference to Lutunasobasoba.) 2762:

The Wesleyan Juvenile Offering: A Miscellany of Missionary Information for Young Persons

2757: 2708:

The Wesleyan Juvenile Offering: A Miscellany of Missionary Information for Young Persons

1662: 3919: 3843: 3450: 3095:

Spoken Fijian: An Intensive Course in Bauan Fijian, with Grammatical Notes and Glossary

3040: 2882:(has detailed reference to Dranikau as Fijian witchcraft and details of the practice.) 1131: 629: 90: 3123: 2664: 2358: 2025: 3838: 3828: 3818: 3808: 3667: 3600: 3585: 3565: 3534: 3460: 3418: 3384: 3318: 3291: 3098: 2701:"A Sleeping Buri, Built at Vewa, For the favourite little son of Namosemalua, Feejee" 2147:"They believe dreams are real experiences of the wandering soul released by sleep..." 559: 2257:

However, it is said that smoke was already rising before Lutunasobasoba set foot on

3914: 3871: 3445: 3352: 3234: 3059: 3051: 3033: 2992:

The Years of Hope: Cambridge, colonial administration in the South Seas and cricket

2899:, Sept 1997, by Aubrey L. Parke. (Discusses many aspects of Fiji's old religion.) 2892:, by Turner B. S. Staff, pages 218–219. (Details on Fijian religion and mythology.) 2509: 2484: 2367: 110: 2851: 2286:

The term "Modern Fiji" in this article means Fiji after cession to Great Britain.

3711: 3682: 3610: 3494: 3374: 3211: 2907:, by David Hazlewood. (Details on Fijian deities, provides detailed definitions.) 2895:"The Waimaro carved human figures - carvings from cachalot whale teeth in Fiji", 2499: 2319: 2235: 2153: 1710:

35.-(1) Every person has the right to freedom of conscience, religion and belief.

3150: 3637: 3618: 3580: 3229: 874: 769: 2550:- Percentages are derived from total population figures provided in the source 3964: 3727: 3687: 3672: 3516: 2970: 2489: 2382: 2111: 2103: 1949: 1870: 1026: 804: 3162: 3017:

Neither Cargo Nor Cult: Ritual Politics and the Colonial Imagination in Fiji

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Neither Cargo Nor Cult: Ritual Politics and the Colonial Imagination in Fiji

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The Cyclopedia of Fiji: A Complete Historical and Commercial Review of Fiji

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denomination, which is the majority today, but other denominations such as

2231: 1499: 978: 909: 28: 3628: 3056:

The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland

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has always had a close relationship to Fiji's churches, particularly the

2343: 2262: 2099: 2047: 1649: 1096: 137: 3006:, by Bert O. States, page 6. (Reference to the Fijian dream experience.) 113:

in the 19th century. Today there are various Christian denominations in

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Say it in Fijian, An Entertaining Introduction to the Language of Fiji

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Wesleyan Chapel, Naivuki, Vanua-Levu, Feejee (September 1853, X, p.96)

1734:(ii) public safety, public order, public morality or public health: or 2821:

US Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.

2433: 2327: 2258: 2250: 1283: 129: 118: 102: 3063: 3037: 2919:, by Polynesian Society (N.Z.), published 1967 (Reference to Degei.) 3595: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2239: 1891: 1548: 1200: 94: 38: 2294: 2185:

Ana I. González in her web article "Oceania Project Fiji" writes:

1895:

Charles William Whonsbon-Ashton records in Chapter 1, "Creation":

3570: 3066:. (Details on Lutunasobasoba, Degei and other Kalou Vu of Fiji.) 2467: 1885: 1645: 839: 98: 68: 3168: 2254:

mythology that his children gave rise to all the chiefly lines.

2128:

negative impact on the dreamer's life. R.A Derrick, 1957:15-16:

2028:(1854:404) reports on the types of worship offered to the gods: 1655:"Population by Religion and by Race - 1996 Census of Population" 3328: 2124: 1904:

with signs of an encounter with the great fish, while the late

1901: 133: 125: 2960:

History of the Pacific Islands: Passage through Tropical Time

2953:

Young People and the Environment: An Asia-Pacific Perspective

2315: 2227: 1987: 1352: 1248: 143: 48: 2004: 3657: 3199: 2614:"Fiji Government Online Portal - 2017 Fiji Public Holidays" 2586: 2584: 2311: 2267: 2056: 1782:

In 2023, Fiji was scored 4 out of 4 for religious freedom.

1401: 413: 114: 2736:

Pacific Irishman: William Floyd inaugural memorial lecture

2396:

Sikhism is also present among the Indo-Fijian population.

3032:, by A. M. Hocart, Man, vol. 32, March 1932, pages 59–61 2929:

The Islanders of the Pacific: Or, The Children of the Sun

1821: 1690: 2886:(has reference to the Dautadra or professional dreamer). 2581: 2408: 1817: 2977:

Environment, education, and society in the Asia-Pacific

109:

which strongly affected every aspect of life. Fiji was

2733:

Whonsbon-Aston, Charles William (8 August 1970). "1".

2536:. Fiji Bureau of Statistics. June 2012. Archived from 2522: 2102:

was considered to be the home of witchcraft and that

1762:(3) Religion and the State are separate, which means— 3076: 2530:"Population by Religion and Province of Enumeration" 2346:and others, are a part of current Fijian religion. 3050:"The Kalou-Vu (Ancestor-Gods) of the Fijians", by 2818:International Religious Freedom Report 2017 § Fiji 2298:St John's Catholic Church on the Island Of Ovalau. 3165:with reference to Fiji Religion and the term Mana 2768:. Wesleyan Missionary Society: 96. September 1853 2665:"Fiji: Constitution of the Republic of Fiji 2013" 2046:(1940:112) speaking of the situation in Southern 1750:The 1997 Constitution was suspended in 2009 and 3962: 2998:, (reference to Draunikau as Fijian Witchcraft). 2714:. Wesleyan Missionary Society: 108. October 1852 97:could be classified in modern terms as forms of 3142:Fiji Times Newspaper article with reference to 2657: 2631: 2348:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1923:As late as 1957, R.A Derrick (1957:13) states: 1730:(i) the rights or freedoms of other persons; or 2840:"Another Arson attack on Fiji's Hindu Temples" 2758:"Wesleyan Chapel, Naivuki, Vanua-Levu, Feejee" 2732: 2558: 2556: 3754: 3184: 2064:Rev. Joseph Waterhouse (1854:404/405) notes: 1816:. Consider transferring direct quotations to 3139:on Blogspot with reference to Lutunasobasoba 3047:. (Reference to the term Mana and its use.) 2750: 2606: 2447: 2230:. Legend speaks that his tribe journeyed to 3010:Body, Self, and Society: the view from Fiji 2967:The Fijians: A Study of the Decay of Custom 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2693: 2689:Freedom House website, retrieved 2023-08-03 2553: 2114:also have a bad reputation for witchcraft". 170:Comparison of 1996 and 2007 census results 151:, a pre-Christian Fijian religious building 3761: 3747: 3191: 3177: 2595: 2391: 2281: 1986:First and foremost among the Kalou-vu was 1864: 105:, traditions utilizing various systems of 2528: 2466:, to which some two-thirds of Indigenous 2005:Aspects and practices of the old religion 1754:. This constitution states in chapter 1: 3115:Statistics on current belief systems in 2874:, by Thomas Williams and James Calvert, 2801: 2442:Kendrit Shiri Sanatan Dharam Shiv Temple 2357: 2301: 2293: 1855: 1843: 142: 3768: 2289: 3963: 2842:, ABC Radio Australia, 17 October 2008 2602:The ARDA website, retrieved 2023-08-03 2564:"Religion - Fiji Bureau of Statistics" 2399: 1777: 3742: 3172: 2917:The Journal of the Polynesian Society 2788:"Religion - Fiji Statistical Profile" 2639:"Fiji: The Constitution of Fiji 1997" 2409:Fiji religion in society and politics 1915:monster's back, making the skin pale. 1807:too many or overly lengthy quotations 2432:issued a press release stating that 1789: 2480:Methodist Church of Fiji and Rotuma 2353: 1785: 13: 2338:, amongst other offshoots such as 2216: 1852:, A sketch done in the early 1800s 1760:(2) Religious belief is personal. 1706:but also guaranteed every person 14: 3982: 3198: 3109: 3077:Translations and transliterations 2454:Military–church relations in Fiji 2362:Sri Siva Subramaniya Temple, Nadi 1738:(b) to prevent a public nuisance. 1659:Fiji Islands Bureau of Statistics 3089:Lonely: Planet Fijian Phrasebook 3058:, vol. 24, 1895, pages 340–359, 2940:Vah-ta-ah, the Feejeean princess 2430:Republic of Fiji Military Forces 2376: 2261:. Villagers of the Province of 2050:states with regard to the Bete: 1794: 3085:, by Albert James Schütz, 1972. 2845: 2833: 2824: 2780: 2726: 164: 3789:Federated States of Micronesia 2897:The Journal of Pacific History 2682: 1: 3154:Oceania publications article 2865: 2249:Tired, old, sick, and weary, 3131:Fijian Mythology and origins 2933:Thomas Reginald St. Johnston 2515: 77: Other Religions (0.3%) 7: 3148:reference to Lutunasobasoba 2890:Early Sociology of Religion 2473: 2138:Bert O. States in his book 10: 3987: 3146:also another article with 2451: 2380: 2365: 2140:Dreaming and Story Telling 1952:(1908:113) suggests that, 1934:The Gods and their temples 1677: 155: 3880: 3857: 3776: 3705: 3693:Traditions and ceremonies 3609: 3556: 3547: 3502: 3493: 3360: 3351: 3299: 3290: 3267:Reconciliation Commission 3257:Military–church relations 3210: 3091:, by Paul Geraghty, 1994. 3003:Dreaming and Storytelling 2591:US State Dept 2022 report 2534:2007 Census of Population 2448:Military-church relations 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 3935:Northern Mariana Islands 3476:Leader of the Opposition 3156:describing the term Mana 3030:Natural and Supernatural 1814:summarize the quotations 1698:was drawn up. It stated 117:, the largest being the 21:Religion in Fiji (2007) 3900:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 3395:Great Council of Chiefs 2392:Other religions in Fiji 2282:Religion in modern Fiji 1865:Gods, temples and magic 136:for the Hindus and the 84:in some cases, Muslim. 2994:, by MR Philip Snow, 2363: 2307: 2299: 2214: 2194: 2183: 2168: 2150: 2136: 2117: 2088: 2072: 2062: 2041: 2026:Rev. Joseph Waterhouse 2023: 1998: 1984: 1968: 1957: 1946: 1931: 1921: 1881: 1861: 1853: 1772: 1748: 1704: 1684: 152: 3883:and other territories 2381:Further information: 2366:Further information: 2361: 2310:Christianity came to 2305: 2297: 2208: 2187: 2177: 2162: 2144: 2130: 2095: 2082: 2066: 2052: 2030: 2017: 1992: 1978: 1962: 1947: 1940: 1925: 1897: 1875: 1859: 1847: 1756: 1708: 1700: 1689:Fiji had traditional 595:Seventh-day Adventist 260:Seventh-day Adventist 146: 3770:Religion in Oceania 3024:The Fijian Wanderers 2872:Fiji and the Fijians 2568:www.statsfiji.gov.fj 2324:Seru Epenisa Cakobau 2290:Christianity in Fiji 1680:Demographics of Fiji 1665:on 16 September 2008 132:for the Christians, 2540:on 9 September 2015 2495:Catholicism in Fiji 2400:Fiji's old religion 2093:(1929:172) claims: 2010:Consulting the gods 1873:(1908:111) writes: 1778:Freedom of religion 416: 171: 3530:Telecommunications 2852:"Time to speak up" 2364: 2308: 2300: 1862: 1854: 414: 169: 153: 3958: 3957: 3950:Wallis and Futuna 3858:Associated states 3736: 3735: 3701: 3700: 3543: 3542: 3489: 3488: 3456:Political parties 3390:Foreign relations 3347: 3346: 3070:A History of Fiji 2858:, 17 October 2008 2654:Section 35(1),(2) 1839: 1838: 1642: 1641: 735:Latter Day Saints 665:Jehovah's Witness 560:Assemblies of God 426:Indigenous Fijian 412: 411: 140:for the Muslims. 3978: 3971:Religion in Fiji 3940:Pitcairn Islands 3910:French Polynesia 3895:Christmas Island 3824:Papua New Guinea 3804:Marshall Islands 3777:Sovereign states 3763: 3756: 3749: 3740: 3739: 3721: 3714: 3663: 3634: 3571:Fijian (iTaukei) 3554: 3553: 3520: 3500: 3499: 3481:Proposed charter 3429:Local government 3358: 3357: 3309:Cities and towns 3297: 3296: 3272:2005–2006 crisis 3193: 3186: 3179: 3170: 3169: 3124:Fijian Mythology 3052:Basil H. Thomson 2859: 2849: 2843: 2837: 2831: 2828: 2822: 2814: 2799: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2784: 2778: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2705: 2697: 2691: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2661: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2610: 2604: 2599: 2593: 2588: 2579: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2560: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2526: 2510:Fijian mythology 2485:Hinduism in Fiji 2464:Methodist Church 2460:Military of Fiji 2368:Hinduism in Fiji 2354:Hinduism in Fiji 1834: 1831: 1825: 1798: 1797: 1790: 1786:Ancient religion 1752:replaced in 2013 1696:new constitution 1674: 1672: 1670: 1661:. Archived from 700:CMF (Every Home) 417: 277:Other Christians 172: 168: 76: 66: 56: 46: 36: 26: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3976: 3975: 3961: 3960: 3959: 3954: 3882: 3876: 3859: 3853: 3834:Solomon Islands 3772: 3767: 3737: 3732: 3724: 3717: 3710: 3697: 3661: 3626: 3605: 3539: 3518: 3485: 3424:Law enforcement 3343: 3286: 3230:Colonial period 3206: 3197: 3112: 3079: 3064:10.2307/2842183 3038:10.2307/2790066 2868: 2863: 2862: 2850: 2846: 2838: 2834: 2829: 2825: 2815: 2802: 2792: 2790: 2786: 2785: 2781: 2771: 2769: 2756: 2755: 2751: 2741: 2739: 2731: 2727: 2717: 2715: 2703: 2699: 2698: 2694: 2687: 2683: 2673: 2671: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2647: 2645: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2622: 2620: 2618:www.fiji.gov.fj 2612: 2611: 2607: 2600: 2596: 2589: 2582: 2572: 2570: 2562: 2561: 2554: 2543: 2541: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2500:Culture of Fiji 2476: 2456: 2450: 2411: 2402: 2394: 2385: 2379: 2370: 2356: 2292: 2284: 2236:Lake Tanganyika 2234:and settled on 2219: 2217:Myth and legend 2007: 1867: 1835: 1829: 1826: 1820:or excerpts to 1811: 1799: 1795: 1788: 1780: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1726:(a) to protect: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1687: 1682: 1668: 1666: 1653: 1549:Other religions 944:Other Christian 379:Total Christian 209:Assembly of God 167: 158: 81: 80: 79: 78: 74: 72: 64: 62: 54: 52: 44: 42: 34: 32: 24: 12: 11: 5: 3984: 3974: 3973: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3930:Norfolk Island 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3890:American Samoa 3886: 3884: 3878: 3877: 3875: 3874: 3869: 3863: 3861: 3860:of New Zealand 3855: 3854: 3852: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3780: 3778: 3774: 3773: 3766: 3765: 3758: 3751: 3743: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3730: 3723: 3722: 3715: 3707: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3683:Notable people 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3621: 3615: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3604: 3603: 3598: 3596:Rotuman people 3593: 3588: 3583: 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3624:Architecture 3590: 3576:Indo-Fijians 3561:Demographics 3507:Central bank 3407:Human rights 3370:Constitution 3094: 3088: 3082: 3069: 3055: 3029: 3023: 3016: 3009: 3002: 2991: 2984: 2976: 2966: 2959: 2952: 2946: 2939: 2928: 2922: 2916: 2910: 2903: 2896: 2889: 2880:page 248-249 2871: 2855: 2847: 2835: 2826: 2816: 2791:. 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Retrieved 2538:the original 2533: 2524: 2505:Indo-Fijians 2457: 2439: 2427: 2423: 2420: 2415:constitution 2412: 2403: 2395: 2386: 2371: 2320:Enele Ma'afu 2309: 2285: 2272: 2256: 2248: 2232:South Africa 2224: 2220: 2210: 2209: 2204: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2189: 2188: 2184: 2179: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2169: 2164: 2163: 2157: 2156:in her book 2151: 2146: 2145: 2139: 2137: 2132: 2131: 2123: 2119: 2118: 2097: 2096: 2089: 2084: 2083: 2078: 2074: 2073: 2068: 2067: 2063: 2054: 2053: 2042: 2037: 2036: 2032: 2031: 2024: 2019: 2018: 2013: 2009: 2008: 1999: 1994: 1993: 1985: 1980: 1979: 1969: 1964: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1942: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1932: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1913: 1910: 1899: 1898: 1890: 1882: 1877: 1876: 1868: 1849: 1840: 1827: 1812:Please help 1804: 1781: 1773: 1757: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1688: 1667:. Retrieved 1663:the original 1658: 1643: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1597:No religion† 1596: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1547: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500:Confucianism 1498: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451:Baháʼí Faith 1449: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1400: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1351: 1344: 1339: 1318:Other Muslim 1311: 1306: 1276: 1271: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1199: 1192: 1187: 1159: 1154: 1124: 1119: 1097:Kabir Panthi 1089: 1084: 1054: 1049: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 977: 970: 965: 937: 932: 910:Presbyterian 902: 897: 867: 862: 832: 827: 797: 792: 762: 757: 727: 722: 692: 687: 657: 652: 622: 617: 587: 582: 552: 547: 517: 512: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 440: 435: 430: 425: 420: 165:Demographics 159: 148: 123: 89: 86: 82: 29:Christianity 20: 15: 3814:New Zealand 3314:Earthquakes 3282:2009 crisis 3247:1977 crisis 3129:Details on 3122:Details on 2772:29 February 2718:24 February 2437:movements. 2344:Pentecostal 2336:Anglicanism 2332:Catholicism 1644:† Includes 1353:All Muslims 1249:Sunni Islam 1166:Other Hindu 431:Indo-Fijian 362:No Religion 138:Eid al-Adha 59:No Religion 3668:Literature 3519:(currency) 3451:Parliament 3252:1987 coups 3135:Newspaper 2866:References 2856:Fiji Times 2544:7 November 2244:Madagascar 2091:A.M Hocart 2075:Witchcraft 1850:bure kalou 1830:April 2008 1822:Wikisource 1678:See also: 1652:. Source: 1201:All Hindus 1062:Arya Samaj 415:1996 Data 149:bure kalou 107:divination 91:Aboriginal 3784:Australia 3678:Mythology 3648:Festivals 3601:Squatting 3586:Languages 3566:Education 3535:Transport 3512:Companies 3461:President 3439:Commander 3419:Judiciary 3385:Elections 3334:Volcanoes 3319:Provinces 3292:Geography 3277:2006 coup 3262:2000 coup 3235:Governors 2876:chapter 7 2516:Footnotes 2434:Methodist 2328:Methodist 2259:Viti Levu 2201:Afterlife 1818:Wikiquote 1805:contains 1650:agnostics 1284:Ahmadiyya 770:Apostolic 490:Methodist 243:Methodist 130:Christmas 119:Methodist 103:shamanism 3965:Category 3799:Kiribati 3728:Category 3591:Religion 3446:Monarchy 3434:Military 3400:Chairman 3353:Politics 3339:Wildlife 3204:articles 2884:page 229 2793:19 April 2623:5 August 2573:5 August 2474:See also 2470:belong. 2340:Baptists 2240:Tanzania 2142:states: 2120:Dreaming 1892:Dakuwaqa 1669:5 August 1646:atheists 1132:Sai Baba 1027:Sanātanī 630:Anglican 421:Religion 226:Catholic 192:Anglican 175:Religion 95:religion 39:Hinduism 3945:Tokelau 3849:Vanuatu 3712:Outline 3662:(dance) 3611:Culture 3549:Society 3495:Economy 3375:Cabinet 3212:History 3163:article 3137:article 3045:2790066 2996:page 31 2947:Oceania 2923:Memoirs 2742:3 April 2468:Fijians 2276:Gonesau 2160:notes: 2108:Mualevu 1973:conduit 1886:Daucina 1237:261,097 1217:259,775 1050:193,927 1037:193,061 1015:449,482 985:390,380 840:Baptist 513:280,628 494:261,972 478:775,077 458:338,818 448:393,575 405:837,271 399:775,068 388:539,553 382:449,482 303:233,414 297:261,097 252:289,990 246:280,628 156:History 99:animism 93:Fijian 69:Sikhism 41:(27.9%) 31:(64.4%) 3920:Hawaii 3844:Tuvalu 3688:Sports 3638:Cinema 3619:Anthem 3581:Health 3329:Rotuma 3324:Rivers 3202: 3101: 3043: 2674:8 June 2648:8 June 2125:Dreams 2112:Matuku 2098:"That 1902:Levuka 1389:54,323 1369:53,753 1340:19,996 1327:19,727 1272:32,351 1259:32,082 1188:57,428 1175:57,096 1005:38,383 995:20,719 966:18,085 947:12,624 805:Gospel 618:22,187 599:19,896 583:31,072 564:24,717 548:69,320 541:13,637 529:52,163 506:13,224 468:42,684 436:Others 391:64.4% 337:52,505 331:54,323 328:Muslim 306:27.9% 289:10.4% 286:86,672 280:39,950 269:32,316 263:22,187 255:34.6% 235:76,465 229:69,320 218:47,791 212:31,072 187:2007% 134:Diwali 126:Easter 75: 71:(0.3%) 67: 65: 61:(0.8%) 57: 55: 51:(6.3%) 47: 45: 37: 35: 27: 25: 3839:Tonga 3829:Samoa 3819:Palau 3809:Nauru 3719:Index 3673:Music 3041:JSTOR 2969:, by 2931:, by 2704:(PDF) 2316:Tonga 2228:Egypt 2104:Moala 1988:Degei 1632:5,132 1622:2,448 1612:1,135 1585:1,039 1438:3,067 1418:3,076 1307:1,976 1294:1,944 1085:9,564 1072:9,493 959:2,969 953:2,492 863:1,296 828:1,354 793:2,593 774:2,237 758:3,475 739:2,253 723:5,673 704:5,149 688:6,102 669:4,815 653:6,325 646:2,609 640:1,208 634:2,508 611:1,719 576:1,735 570:4,620 535:3,520 500:5,432 441:TOTAL 408:100% 396:Total 385:58.0% 374:0.8% 371:7,078 365:5,132 357:0.3% 354:2,181 348:1,967 340:6.3% 323:0.3% 320:2,540 314:3,067 300:33.7% 294:Hindu 272:3.9% 249:36.2% 238:9.1% 221:5.7% 204:0.8% 201:6,319 195:6,325 181:1996% 49:Islam 3915:Guam 3872:Niue 3794:Fiji 3659:Meke 3653:Flag 3630:bure 3412:LGBT 3200:Fiji 3161:Web 3117:Fiji 3099:ISBN 2795:2019 2774:2016 2744:2020 2720:2016 2676:2018 2650:2018 2625:2017 2575:2017 2546:2015 2458:The 2413:The 2334:and 2314:via 2312:Fiji 2268:Ratu 2171:Mana 2110:and 2057:kava 1671:2017 1648:and 1602:1549 1402:Sikh 1374:15.9 1242:33.7 1222:76.7 1178:16.9 1055:25.0 1040:57.0 1020:58.0 1010:89.9 990:99.2 544:31.9 532:13.3 518:36.2 509:31.0 497:66.6 402:100% 368:0.7% 351:0.3% 334:7.0% 317:0.4% 311:Sikh 283:5.2% 266:2.9% 232:8.9% 215:4.0% 198:0.8% 184:2007 178:1996 128:and 115:Fiji 3060:doi 3034:doi 2238:in 2048:Lau 1691:law 1685:Law 1637:0.7 1627:5.7 1617:0.3 1607:0.4 1590:0.1 1580:1.6 1575:664 1570:0.1 1565:314 1560:0.0 1541:0.0 1536:365 1531:0.8 1526:336 1521:0.0 1511:0.0 1492:0.1 1487:563 1482:0.3 1477:149 1472:0.0 1462:0.1 1457:389 1443:0.4 1433:0.0 1423:0.9 1413:0.0 1394:7.0 1384:0.6 1379:246 1364:0.1 1359:324 1345:2.6 1336:0.3 1333:138 1330:5.8 1324:0.0 1321:131 1312:0.3 1303:0.0 1297:0.6 1291:0.0 1277:4.2 1268:0.2 1262:9.5 1256:0.0 1253:175 1232:1.1 1227:458 1212:0.2 1207:864 1193:7.4 1184:0.3 1181:113 1172:0.1 1169:219 1160:0.0 1151:0.0 1145:0.0 1139:0.0 1125:0.0 1120:118 1116:0.0 1110:0.0 1104:0.0 1090:1.2 1081:0.1 1075:2.8 1069:0.0 1046:0.7 1043:315 1034:0.1 1031:551 1000:6.1 971:2.3 962:7.0 956:0.7 950:3.2 938:0.0 933:383 929:0.4 926:188 923:0.0 917:0.0 914:105 903:0.1 898:989 894:0.3 891:110 888:0.1 885:251 882:0.2 879:628 868:0.2 859:0.5 856:219 853:0.1 850:382 847:0.2 844:695 833:0.2 824:0.5 821:222 818:0.2 815:514 812:0.2 809:618 798:0.3 789:0.2 786:106 783:0.1 780:250 777:0.6 763:0.4 754:1.4 751:589 748:0.2 745:633 742:0.6 728:0.7 719:0.6 716:255 713:0.1 710:269 707:1.3 693:0.8 684:1.9 681:801 678:0.1 675:486 672:1.2 658:0.8 649:6.2 643:0.4 637:0.6 623:2.9 614:4.0 608:0.2 605:572 602:5.1 588:4.0 579:4.1 573:1.4 567:6.2 553:8.9 538:1.0 503:1.6 101:or 3967:: 3054:, 2854:, 2803:^ 2764:. 2760:. 2712:IX 2710:. 2706:. 2667:. 2641:. 2616:. 2583:^ 2566:. 2555:^ 2532:. 2342:, 2263:Ra 2106:, 2100:Ba 1848:A 1675:, 1657:. 1555:61 1516:21 1467:25 1300:14 1288:18 1265:94 1155:60 1142:52 1107:73 1101:43 1078:27 1066:44 920:90 147:A 3762:e 3755:t 3748:v 3633:) 3627:( 3192:e 3185:t 3178:v 3158:. 3126:. 3119:. 3105:. 3062:: 3036:: 2983:' 2797:. 2776:. 2766:X 2746:. 2722:. 2678:. 2652:. 2627:. 2577:. 2548:. 1832:) 1828:( 1824:. 1810:. 1673:. 1506:8 1428:0 1408:0 1148:1 1136:7 1113:2 483:% 473:% 463:% 453:%

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