146:
1825:
bishops, evangelists, apostles, etc. are often, for example, known as "Bishop John Smith" or "Bishop Smith"). Any member of the priesthood who presides over a congregation can, and often is, known as "pastor" or (if an elder), "presiding elder". Such use might only be in reference to occupying that position ("she is the pastor") as opposed to being used as a style ("Pastor Jane"). Priesthood members presiding over multiple congregations or various church councils are often termed "president". Externally, in ecumenical settings,
2604:
1939:
1843:
1760:
1590:
1450:
1317:
896:
500:
47:
401:. Some dictionaries, however, do place the noun rather than the adjective as the word's principal form, owing to an increasing use of the word as a noun among people with no religious background or knowledge of traditional styles of ecclesiastical address. When several clergy are referred to, they are often styled individually (e.g.
2504:
When traveling in
England they are customarily addressed as "My Lord" or "Your Lordship" and thus put on the same footing as the Bishops of the Established Church of that country, who, when sojourning in America, are properly so addressed. Similarly, a visiting Anglican Archbishop is "Your Grace." He
1824:
as a style, but are generally known as "brother" or "sister" or by their specific priesthood office ("deacon", "teacher" or "priest" are often appended after the person's name, instead of, for example, "Deacon John Adams" or "Deacon Adams", and generally only in written form; in contrast, elders,
463:
was used to refer to a church consistory, a local administrative body. "Reverend Coetus" and "Reverend
Assembly" were used to refer to the entire body of local officials during the transformation of the Dutch Reformed Church in the mid-18th century.
339:
in traditional usage: it would be as irregular as calling the person in question "The Well-Respected Smith". In some countries, especially
Britain, Anglican clergy are acceptably addressed by the title of their office, such as
2162:
2322:
2053:
are often recognized as clergy by secular authorities for purposes such as registering marriages; other hazzanim may be addressed as
Reverend, although Cantor is more common.
1553:
In
British Methodism, ordained ministers can be either presbyters (ministers of word and sacrament) or deacons (ministers of witness and service). Presbyters are addressed as
2222:
1.2His/Your
Reverence A title or form of address to a member of the clergy, especially a priest in Ireland. 'I regret, Your Reverence, that I cannot come to meet you.'
2036:
and in the
British Empire in the 19th and early 20th centuries, especially if the rabbi had attended a Western-style seminary or university rather than a traditional
1114:
Heads of autocephalous and autonomous churches with the title
Patriarch are styled differently, according to the customs of their respective churches, usually
2409:
1702:. In Presbyterian courts where elders hold equal status with ministers it is correct to refer to ministers by their title (Mr, Mrs, Dr, Prof etc.).
481:
may be modified to reflect ecclesiastical standing and rank. Modifications vary across religious traditions and countries. Some common examples are:
2154:
2625:
2439:
2289:
1710:
Like some other groups that assert the lack of clerical titles within the church as narrated in the New
Testament, congregations in the
2383:
2318:
858:
is acceptable for all three orders of clergy, though in some countries this is customary for priests only. Deacons may be addressed as
2267:
2525:
1735:
389:. This has traditionally been considered grammatically incorrect on the basis that it is equivalent to referring to a judge as being
2201:
145:
210:, the style originally used in Latin documents in medieval Europe. It is the gerundive or future passive participle of the verb
1739:
448:
priests and for many priests of the
Anglican and Lutheran churches. Some female Anglican or Old Catholic priests use the style
2130:
2106:
960:
564:
111:
1547:
932:
536:
83:
1542:
is used in some places, although these are formally used to address members of Methodist religious orders, such as the
1510:
In some Methodist churches, especially in the United States, ordained and licensed ministers are usually addressed as
2583:
2556:
2467:
1986:
1890:
1807:
1655:
1637:
1543:
1497:
1364:
979:
583:
130:
1968:
1872:
1789:
1619:
1479:
1346:
939:
604:(in writing), though this is more common in Italy than in, for example, the United States. They may be addressed as
543:
90:
1667:
829:
Patriarchs of Eastern-rite Catholic churches (those in full communion with Rome) who are made Cardinals are titled
473:
2405:
409:
is sometimes put before the list of names, especially in the Catholic Church in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
2643:
2363:
1964:
1868:
1785:
1719:
1663:
1615:
1475:
1342:
917:
521:
191:, form of address, or title of respect. The style is also sometimes used by leaders in other religions such as
68:
946:
634:(in writing) may be used for seminarians who are ordained to the diaconate, before being ordained presbyters;
550:
97:
1960:
1864:
1781:
1611:
1471:
1338:
913:
517:
179:. There are sometimes differences in the way the style is used in different countries and church traditions.
64:
1280:
928:
532:
79:
2032:
The use of the Christian terms "Reverend" and "minister" for the rabbi of a congregation was common in
277:
In traditional and formal English usage it is still considered incorrect to drop the definite article,
2648:
2205:
1683:
31:
2033:
1949:
1853:
1770:
1600:
1460:
1327:
1293:
694:
1953:
1857:
1774:
1671:
1604:
1561:
1464:
1331:
1171:
906:
795:
510:
348:
168:
57:
289:
is often not used in both written and spoken English. When the style is used within a sentence,
1691:
1226:
811:
728:
2297:
1514:, unless they hold a doctorate in which case they are often addressed in formal situations as
2431:
686:
315:
is traditionally used as an adjectival form with first names (or initials) and surname (e.g.
35:
2379:
2263:
1711:
716:
176:
17:
2517:
953:
557:
104:
8:
2609:
2209:
1917:
in less formal) is often used in many nondenominational Christian traditions rather than
1715:
724:
445:
2619:
798:, such as the United Kingdom (but not in Northern Ireland), only archbishops are styled
2069:
In most European Lutheran churches (as well as some in America) most clergy are called
1731:
1659:
1255:
1243:
226:. It is paired with a modifier or noun for some offices in some religious traditions:
2579:
2571:
2552:
2359:
2345:
1285:
1231:
1207:
331:
are correct though now old-fashioned uses. Use of the prefix with the surname alone (
2049:(cantor), who is addressed (in English) as "Reverend". For this reason, and because
727:
of religious orders of priests, rectors or presidents of colleges and universities,
424:. However, in official correspondence, such priests are not normally referred to as
2351:
2127:
1546:. Use of these forms of address differs depending on the location of the church or
1276:
690:
2489:
2134:
2098:
1202:
1182:
732:
720:
673:
669:
665:
1192:
1032:
712:
708:
661:
657:
1393:
or "Pastor John"; the latter frequently used by members of their congregation.
2637:
1695:
1298:
1040:
736:
246:); other Lutheran bishops, Anglican bishops, and Catholic bishops are styled
203:
2022:
1576:, however, is still used in more formal or official written communication.
839:
and other Eastern-rite Catholic or Orthodox leaders with the title Pope as
643:
2461:
1526:, however, is used in more formal or in written communication, along with
1261:
1096:
1006:
998:
740:
150:
2505:
is introduced as "The Most Reverend, His Grace, the Archbishop of York."
1009:, according to ecclesiastical elevation), while in spoken use the title
1557:(with given name and surname) or as Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms with surname alone.
1272:
1214:
1100:
1002:
920: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
820:
784:
524: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
354:
214:("to respect; to revere"), meaning " to be revered/must be respected".
1408:
and the person's last name are frequently used (such as Father Smith).
365:
to be used as a noun and for clergy to be referred to as being either
261:
are also sometimes used, along with their parallel in direct address,
2355:
2018:
1219:
1027:
700:
165:
1938:
1842:
1759:
1589:
1449:
1316:
895:
499:
361:
In the 20th and 21st centuries, it has been increasingly common for
46:
2574:; Blowers, Paul M; Dunnavant, Anthony L; et al., eds. (2004),
1389:
is usually written, but the person is commonly orally addressed as
1095:
An archbishop or metropolitan, whether or not he is the head of an
336:
235:
231:
227:
196:
2603:
2037:
2005:
1141:
611:
192:
707:
Priests with various grades of jurisdiction above pastor (e.g.,
2618:
2347:
History of the Reformed Church, at Readington, N. J. 1719-1881,
2237:(16th ed.), Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2010
2045:
2026:
2003:, which denotes that they have received rabbinical ordination (
1905:
1250:
1159:
1062:
780:
762:
653:
172:
2570:
2000:
1238:
1058:
802:(and addressed as "Your Grace") and other bishops are styled
752:
342:
188:
153:, a major religious leader of the 18th century. He is styled
1694:, Edinburgh (also known as the High Kirk of Edinburgh) and
1690:. By tradition in the Church of Scotland, the ministers of
836:
2350:. Board of publication of the Reformed church in America.
1903:
In some countries, including the United States, the title
874:
in Commonwealth countries), or, in informal settings, as
771:
The Reverend Mother Superior of the Poor Clares of Boston
628:(in speaking), if ordained permanently to the diaconate.
597:
30:"Reverend" and "Rev." redirect here. For other uses, see
2406:"Forms of Addresses and Salutations for Orthodox Clergy"
444:
as an informal title is used for Catholic, Orthodox and
293:
is correctly in lower-case. The usual abbreviations for
2547:
Mead, Frank S; Hill, Samuel S; Atwood, Craig D (2005),
2043:
Some small communities without a rabbi may be led by a
2264:"Information Internet: English Grammar, Abbreviations"
1682:
afterwards. Moderators of the General Assembly of the
1564:
in the United States often addresses its ministers as
846:
None of the clergy are usually addressed in speech as
2599:
1426:
and the person's last name are more frequently used.
403:
The Reverend John Smith and the Reverend Henry Brown
1051:(Russian practice). All may be simply addressed as
773:in written form, while being referred to simply as
375:
I talked to the reverend about the wedding service.
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1396:Priests: The formal style for a priest is either
412:Male Christian priests are sometimes addressed as
1820:Internally, members of the priesthood do not use
1726:and instead use the more generalized designation
2635:
2549:Handbook of denominations in the United States
2546:
397:. It is likewise incorrect to form the plural
769:, with their convent's name following (e.g.,
2337:
171:given before the names of certain Christian
2576:Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement
1967:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1871:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1788:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1618:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1478:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1345:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2481:
2247:
2091:
1382:and their last name (such as Deacon Smith)
2196:
2194:
2105:(definition) (online ed.). Longman.
1999:The primary Jewish religious leader is a
1987:Learn how and when to remove this message
1891:Learn how and when to remove this message
1808:Learn how and when to remove this message
1736:Christian Churches and Churches of Christ
1638:Learn how and when to remove this message
1498:Learn how and when to remove this message
1365:Learn how and when to remove this message
1105:The Most Reverend Archbishop/Metropolitan
980:Learn how and when to remove this message
584:Learn how and when to remove this message
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
2343:
2296:(online dictionary), MSN, archived from
144:
1730:. The practice is universal within the
1705:
14:
2636:
2551:(12th ed.), Nashville: Abingdon,
2487:
2442:from the original on 17 September 2016
2319:"Ecclesiastical and other information"
2191:
2165:from the original on 16 September 2016
2073:rather than the American tradition of
1749:
2470:from the original on 10 November 2011
2250:The New Fowler's Modern English Usage
2109:from the original on 29 February 2012
2578:, Grand Rapids: William B Eerdmans,
2528:from the original on 13 October 2015
2386:from the original on 29 October 2012
2325:from the original on 14 October 2018
2321:. The Catholic Herald. 6 June 1947.
2270:from the original on 21 October 2012
2155:""How to Address Church Officials",
1965:adding citations to reliable sources
1932:
1869:adding citations to reliable sources
1836:
1832:
1786:adding citations to reliable sources
1753:
1656:moderators of the General Assemblies
1616:adding citations to reliable sources
1583:
1476:adding citations to reliable sources
1443:
1343:adding citations to reliable sources
1310:
918:adding citations to reliable sources
889:
624:(in writing or speaking), or simply
522:adding citations to reliable sources
493:
187:, but is sometimes referred to as a
157:, an abbreviation of "The Reverend".
69:adding citations to reliable sources
40:
2149:
2147:
1674:, when ordained clergy, are styled
885:
27:Christian religious honorific style
24:
2185:The Lutheran Witness, Volumes 9-11
2157:Catholic Education Resource Center
25:
2660:
2595:
2412:from the original on 22 July 2018
1678:during their year of service and
1544:Saint Brigid of Kildare Monastery
1404:, but for male priests the title
1279:and (for historical reasons) the
253:With Christian clergy, the forms
2602:
2144:
1937:
1841:
1758:
1668:Presbyterian Church of Australia
1588:
1448:
1315:
1241:of monasteries may be styled as
1229:of monasteries may be styled as
1199:(sometimes abbreviated as "Cn").
894:
498:
474:Ecclesiastical titles and styles
45:
2564:
2540:
2510:
2491:The American Mercury, Volume 10
2454:
2424:
2398:
2372:
2311:
2187:. C.A. Frank. 1890. p. 67.
2063:
1738:but has become uncommon in the
1579:
905:needs additional citations for
509:needs additional citations for
484:
56:needs additional citations for
2434:Crockford's Clerical Directory
2432:""How to address the clergy",
2282:
2256:
2241:
2227:
2177:
2121:
2103:LDoceOnline English Dictionary
1664:Presbyterian Church in Ireland
1292:Some archbishops, such as the
1265:if a male diocesan bishop (or
1067:The Very Reverend Abbot/Abbess
13:
1:
2344:Thompson, Henry Post (1882).
2139:Tricycle: The Buddhist Review
2084:
1130:
866:; bishops and archbishops as
467:
2488:Nathan, George Jean (1927).
2248:Burchfield, RW, ed. (1996),
1650:Church ministers are styled
1439:
993:A deacon is often styled as
767:The Reverend Mother Superior
638:(in speaking); nearly never
608:(in writing or in speaking).
405:); but in a list of clergy,
7:
2380:"Catholic Forms of Address"
2235:The Chicago Manual of Style
1306:
1281:Bishop of Meath and Kildare
1223:(abbreviated as "The Ven").
1135:
1080:A bishop is referred to as
489:
238:bishops are usually styled
218:is therefore equivalent to
10:
2665:
1928:
1913:in more formal address or
1431:Archbishops are styled as
1168:The Reverend Father/Mother
831:His Beatitude and Eminence
471:
29:
2206:Oxford English Dictionary
2009:). They are addressed as
1684:Presbyterian Church (USA)
1518:. In informal situations
1378:Deacons: Commonly styled
1082:The Right Reverend Bishop
1049:The Right Reverend Father
794:In some countries of the
695:Chaplains of His Holiness
393:or an adult man as being
325:The Reverend Father Smith
32:Reverend (disambiguation)
2522:www.ireland.anglican.org
2133:29 December 2021 at the
2056:
2034:Classical Reform Judaism
1746:for ordained ministers.
1722:), often disdain use of
1294:Archbishop of Canterbury
1176:The Reverend Mr/Mrs/Miss
1154:The Reverend Mr/Mrs/Miss
1045:The Very Reverend Father
1037:The Very Reverend Father
377:) or to be addressed as
321:The Reverend J. F. Smith
285:. In practice, however,
272:
2626:Encyclopædia Britannica
2518:"The Church of Ireland"
1672:United Church of Canada
1562:United Methodist Church
1189:(even if not ordained).
1024:; a monastic priest is
862:, honorary prelates as
687:Protonotaries Apostolic
438:The Reverend John Smith
317:The Reverend John Smith
2629:(11th ed.). 1911.
2382:. Catholic tradition.
1411:Bishops are styled as
1269:in the United States).
1217:are usually styled as
1205:are usually styled as
1195:are usually styled as
1181:Heads of some women's
1162:are usually styled as
234:archbishops, and most
183:is correctly called a
158:
2644:Ecclesiastical styles
2128:"Reverend Earl Ikeda"
1734:and prevalent in the
1714:(i.e., influenced by
1418:In America the style
1069:and are addressed as
717:ecclesiastical judges
452:and are addressed as
329:The Reverend Mr Smith
148:
36:Rev. (disambiguation)
2494:. Knopf. p. 186
2202:"His/Your Reverence"
1961:improve this section
1865:improve this section
1782:improve this section
1712:Restoration Movement
1706:Restoration Movement
1612:improve this section
1472:improve this section
1339:improve this section
1259:and, traditionally,
1047:(Greek practice) or
1020:A married priest is
914:improve this article
642:when referring to a
518:improve this article
416:or, for example, as
65:improve this article
2610:Christianity portal
2466:, UK: Alton Abbey,
2300:on 15 February 2009
2252:, Oxford: Clarendon
1829:is sometimes used.
1750:Community of Christ
1740:Disciples of Christ
1716:Barton Warren Stone
1692:St Giles' Cathedral
1516:The Reverend Doctor
1420:The Reverend Bishop
1187:The Reverend Mother
1150:The Reverend Deacon
1022:The Reverend Father
1013:is used (sometimes
995:The Reverend Deacon
681:The Reverend Father
632:The Reverend Mister
618:The Reverend Deacon
450:The Reverend Mother
269:is sometimes used.
265:. The abbreviation
2212:on 25 January 2018
2017:or (especially in
1732:Churches of Christ
1720:Alexander Campbell
1686:are styled simply
1676:The Right Reverend
1660:Church of Scotland
1413:The Right Reverend
1296:, are also styled
1256:The Right Reverend
1244:The Right Reverend
1197:The Reverend Canon
1122:and exceptionally
1103:church, is styled
854:alone. Generally,
804:The Right Reverend
757:The Right Reverend
646:deacon in English.
459:In a unique case,
387:the Reverend Smith
335:) is considered a
333:The Reverend Smith
248:The Right Reverend
159:
2572:Foster, Douglas A
1997:
1996:
1989:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1833:Nondenominational
1818:
1817:
1810:
1700:The Very Reverend
1680:The Very Reverend
1648:
1647:
1640:
1548:annual conference
1528:His/Her Reverence
1508:
1507:
1500:
1433:The Most Reverend
1402:The Very Reverend
1375:
1374:
1367:
1286:The Most Reverend
1232:The Very Reverend
1208:The Very Reverend
1107:and addressed as
1084:and addressed as
990:
989:
982:
964:
800:The Most Reverend
789:The Most Reverend
745:The Very Reverend
691:Prelates of Honor
660:, in an order of
620:(in writing), or
614:are addressed as
600:may be styled as
598:Religious sisters
594:
593:
586:
568:
434:Father John Smith
381:or, for example,
240:The Most Reverend
141:
140:
133:
115:
16:(Redirected from
2656:
2649:Christian clergy
2630:
2622:
2620:"Reverend"
2612:
2607:
2606:
2589:
2588:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2501:
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2479:
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2447:
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2421:
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2417:
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2356:10.7282/T33F4QN7
2341:
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2334:
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2260:
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2253:
2245:
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2238:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2208:. Archived from
2198:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2151:
2142:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2095:
2078:
2067:
1992:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1972:
1941:
1933:
1896:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1876:
1845:
1837:
1813:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1762:
1754:
1643:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1623:
1592:
1584:
1503:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1452:
1444:
1370:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1350:
1319:
1311:
1183:religious orders
985:
978:
974:
971:
965:
963:
922:
898:
890:
886:Eastern Orthodox
755:of monasteries:
731:of monasteries,
721:episcopal vicars
589:
582:
578:
575:
569:
567:
526:
502:
494:
136:
129:
125:
122:
116:
114:
73:
49:
41:
21:
2664:
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2658:
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2608:
2601:
2598:
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2559:
2545:
2541:
2531:
2529:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2497:
2495:
2486:
2482:
2473:
2471:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2413:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2387:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2342:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2303:
2301:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2273:
2271:
2266:. Think quest.
2262:
2261:
2257:
2246:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2215:
2213:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2135:Wayback Machine
2126:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2087:
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2064:
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1993:
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1336:
1320:
1309:
1170:(even if not a
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1299:His/Her Grace
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1267:His/Her Grace
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1015:Father Deacon
1012:
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925:Find sources:
919:
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903:This section
901:
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891:
883:
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869:
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529:Find sources:
523:
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507:This section
505:
501:
496:
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475:
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439:
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391:an honourable
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230:archbishops,
229:
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224:The Venerable
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204:anglicisation
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52:
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1974:
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1922:
1919:The Reverend
1918:
1914:
1911:Pastor Smith
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478:
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58:verification
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2498:17 December
2474:7 September
2416:19 February
2216:17 December
1915:Pastor John
1698:are styled
1273:Archbishops
1215:Archdeacons
1065:are styled
1007:Protodeacon
999:Hierodeacon
785:archbishops
777:in speech).
741:archpriests
725:provincials
426:Father John
418:Father John
151:John Wesley
149:Profile of
2638:Categories
2532:12 October
2463:Contact us
2390:24 October
2365:1131003942
2329:13 October
2304:6 February
2290:"Reverend"
2274:24 October
2113:24 October
2099:"Reverend"
2085:References
1881:April 2021
1670:, and the
1422:or simply
1131:Protestant
1101:autonomous
1086:Your Grace
1043:is either
1003:Archdeacon
940:newspapers
880:Archbishop
872:Your Grace
821:Patriarchs
656:, whether
574:April 2021
544:newspapers
468:Variations
367:a reverend
355:Archdeacon
208:reverendus
91:newspapers
2019:Sephardic
1977:June 2013
1948:does not
1909:(such as
1852:does not
1798:June 2013
1769:does not
1628:June 2013
1599:does not
1522:is used.
1488:June 2013
1459:does not
1440:Methodist
1385:Pastors:
1355:June 2013
1326:does not
1172:religious
1116:Beatitude
1039:; and an
1028:Hieromonk
970:June 2013
864:Monsignor
812:Cardinals
701:Monsignor
436:, but as
399:Reverends
281:, before
177:ministers
166:honorific
155:The Revᵈ.
2526:Archived
2468:archived
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2323:Archived
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2159:website"
2141:website.
2131:Archived
2107:Archived
2051:hazzanim
2023:Mizrachi
1923:Reverend
1566:Reverend
1555:The Revd
1520:Reverend
1512:Reverend
1307:Lutheran
1277:primates
1136:Anglican
1120:Holiness
1063:abbesses
848:Reverend
763:Abbesses
666:monastic
490:Catholic
461:Reverend
407:The Revv
395:a mister
379:Reverend
363:reverend
337:solecism
295:Reverend
283:Reverend
236:Catholic
232:Anglican
228:Lutheran
212:revereri
197:Buddhism
121:May 2010
2294:Encarta
2075:pastors
2071:priests
2038:yeshiva
2006:semicha
1969:removed
1954:sources
1929:Judaism
1873:removed
1858:sources
1790:removed
1775:sources
1728:Brother
1658:of the
1620:removed
1605:sources
1568:(e.g.,
1536:Brother
1480:removed
1465:sources
1347:removed
1332:sources
1251:Bishops
1160:Priests
1142:Deacons
954:scholar
882:, etc.
781:Bishops
658:secular
654:Priests
612:Deacons
558:scholar
193:Judaism
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1666:, the
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1239:Abbots
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349:Rector
173:clergy
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2057:Notes
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2011:Rabbi
2001:rabbi
1203:Deans
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1152:, or
961:JSTOR
947:books
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672:, or
668:or a
565:JSTOR
551:books
432:, or
352:, or
343:Vicar
307:Rev'd
273:Usage
189:title
185:style
169:style
112:JSTOR
98:books
2580:ISBN
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2534:2015
2500:2017
2476:2011
2448:2016
2418:2019
2392:2012
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2331:2018
2306:2009
2276:2012
2218:2017
2171:2016
2115:2012
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1856:any
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1773:any
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297:are
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