364:
561:) and four of its subsidiaries, that are based in Venezuela, Uruguay and Bolivia. The sanctioned subsidiaries are Banco Bandes Uruguay, Banco Bicentenario del Pueblos, Banco Universal SA Banco de Venezuela, and Banco Prodem SA, of Bolivia. The sanctions mean that "all property and interests in property of these entities, and of any entities that are owned, directly or indirectly, 50 percent or more by this entity, that are in the United States or in the possession or control of U.S. persons are blocked" and they "prohibit all dealings by U.S. persons or within (or transiting) the United States that involve any property or interests in property of blocked or designated persons."
357:
203:
588:
bank, which was founded to help the economic and social well-being of the
Venezuelan people, as part of a desperate attempt to hold onto power." Mnuchin warned, "The regime's continued use of kidnapping, torture, and murder of Venezuelan citizens will not be tolerated by the U.S. or the international coalition that is united behind President Guaido. Roberto Marrero and other political prisoners must be released immediately."
38:
80:, Interior Minister, said Marrero was part of a "terrorist cell" that was planning to attack government officials. On 28 March, a judge ruled that Marrero would remain in prison while evidence is gathered; the prosecutor has 45 days to present evidence. He was charged with "conspiracy, money laundering, association to commit a crime and concealment of weapons and explosives".
299:, told the Associated Press in July 2019 that, before focusing on Marrero, Maduro had targeted Guaidó's mother; Figuera says that because Guaidó's mother had cancer, they opted instead to accuse Maduro. Figuera said that Maduro told him, "Plant some weapons on him. Do what you have to do"; "And that’s what we did", said Figuera.
407:'s presidency and "one of the government's most prominent figures", said that Maduro had two objectives with the "political kidnapping": 1) to "test the international threats against the dictatorship", and 2) to create a distraction to cover the recent revelations from Ronald Dugarte. Dugarte was formerly with Venezuela's
238: "They are in my house right now. SEBIN is here. Unfortunately they came for me. Continue the fight, do not stop, take care of the president (Juan Guaidó) and let it be what God wants. God bless you. Strength and faith. The people should not stop because of this. Let us understand that the one who gets tired, loses."
227:
heard the officials breaking into
Marrero's apartment next door. After about three hours between both apartments, the officials took Marrero and Vergara's driver, Luis Alberto Páez Salazar. Vergara says that as he was being taken away, Marrero shouted to him that the officials had planted a grenade and two rifles.
245: "En estos momentos están en mi casa. El Sebin está aquí. Lamentablemente llegaron a mí. Sigan la lucha, no se detengan, cuiden al presidente (Juan Guaidó) y que sea lo que Dios quiera. Dios los bendiga. Fuerza y fe. El pueblo no debe detenerse por esto. Demos a entender que el que se cansa pierde."
600:
along with union leaders, journalists, and others. Some of those individuals rejected the "pardon", on the grounds that they had committed no crime, and "that the decree excludes military and police officers, some of whom have been in prison for more than a decade on charges of rebellion and treason,
587:
said, "The willingness of Maduro's inner-circle to exploit
Venezuela’s institutions knows no bounds. Regime insiders have transformed BANDES and its subsidiaries into vehicles to move funds abroad in an attempt to prop up Maduro. Maduro and his enablers have distorted the original purpose of the
226:
reports 15 SEBIN officials. They had
Vergara on the floor, asking him where Marrero lived, a question he says he did not answer. Vergara reported that the agent's faces were covered; they held him for several hours although he informed them that he had parliamentary immunity. Vergara said he
326:
and two other unnamed persons. As evidence, he offered screen shots from
Marrero's cell phone, which Rodríguez claims show that Marrero was arranging payment for these hitmen. Maduro alleged that phone conversations about attempts to assassinate him had been recorded; the opposition denies these
475:
called for the immediate and unconditional release of
Marrero. France insisted that the repression against opposition members has to stop. Germany expressed repudiation for the arbitrary detention, saying it only intensified the conflict, and asked for guarantees of Marrero's safety.
573:
the sanctions were a direct response to
Marrero's arrest, and that "Our aim is to bring this crisis to a conclusion quickly for the benefit of the Venezuelan people to get the Maduro regime to peacefully transition to the Guaido regime so that we can have free and fair elections."
334:
On 28 March, a judge ruled that
Marrero would remain in prison while evidence is gathered; the prosecutor has 45 days to present evidence. He was charged with "conspiracy, money laundering, association to commit a crime and concealment of weapons and explosives".
505:
that Maduro was "raising the government's bargaining power in any future negotiations over the transfer of power ... but at the same time they are preparing escape routes if their ability to govern deteriorates further.” A risk consultant for London's
330:
Several days later, attorney Juan
Planchart Márquez, Guaidó's cousin, was arrested and was being held at SEBIN headquarters; Rodríguez claimed Planchart was the "financial operator" of the network that allegedly plotted to assassinate Maduro.
221:
In the early morning of 21 March 2019, SEBIN officials first broke into the home of
Marrero's neighbor, National Assembly deputy Sergio Vergara. Vergara tweeted that there were at least 40 SEBIN officials with long arms in 12 vehicles;
528:, said: “Maduro is essentially calling Trump’s bluff ... concluded that the military option is a very remote possibility. If he doesn’t see a meaningful response, he would be tempted to take the next step and jail Mr. Guaidó himself.”
514:
that "the regime is testing the international community and its repeated warnings against laying a hand on Maduro's rival ... if they can’t touch him, they'll go after those close to him." Nicholas Watson of Teneo Intelligence told
184:
says he "is considered, by his party colleagues, as one of its main political operators, one of the channels of information closest to Lopez and appointed by him to be a right-hand man, caretaker and advisor to ... Juan Guaidó".
277:
died after being detained by SEBIN in what his party says was a result of torture, while officials labeled it a suicide. Opposition lawmakers were concerned he would be given psychotropic substances to induce false testimony.
434:
issued a statement in April 2019 highlighting Marrero's case as an example of the Maduro administration human rights abuses, alleging that "SEBIN has a record of using cruel and inhumane treatment to coerce confessions".
454:, Colombia's President, called the incident a "vile aggression" and said the international community should "condemn the criminal persecution of the dictatorship". Costa Rica and Peru also condemned the act. Canada's
568:
tweeted, "BANDES bank is to Venezuela's financial sector what PDVSA is to its oil sector. This action will severely affect any attempted currency movements by Maduro and his cronies moving forward." Bolton told
310:, Maduro's Communications Minister, alleged on state television that "Marrero was the ringleader of a plot to bring hitmen from Central America to Venezuela to carry out assassinations". Rodríguez alleged that
519:
that "Marrero's arrest looks like a desperate attempt to break Guaidó's momentum .. The weakness in the regime's position is visible in the fact that arresting Guaidó himself would be seen as a step too far."
446:– including Argentina, Brazil and Canada – condemned the arrest. Paraguay's Chancellery tweeted that it condemned the illegal detention and demanded an end to human rights violations in Venezuela.
1779:
883:
285:
were denied access. In the evening of 22 March, attorneys were able to see Marrero and Paez when they were taken to court for a hearing; they both appeared well "psychically and physically".
422:
said there will be consequences for the five individuals involved in Marrero's arrest. US Secretary of State Pompeo tweeted that the US "will hold accountable those involved". US Senator
2938:
2200:
458:
said Marrero had been "illegally detained by the Maduro regime. Intimidation and fear will not stop the return of democracy to #Venezuela. Those responsible must be held accountable."
1675:
2402:
465:
1649:
2769:
2527:
3858:
1515:
1488:[The response of the United States to the arrest in Venezuela of Roberto Marrero, the right hand of Juan Guaidó: there will be 'immediate and hard' consequences].
342:. Páez was released on the condition that he is prohibited from leaving the country and must present regularly before the court. Planchart was also to remain in prison.
679:
2049:
1456:
1623:
1259:
3758:
2923:
1805:
1541:
1285:
2185:
1129:
Vyas, Kejal (21 March 2019). "Venezuela intelligence police detain top opposition aide; Arrest threatens to raise tensions and provoke U.S. punitive measures".
415:(OAS) that political prisoners – both civilians and members of the armed forces – are tortured, and that intelligence work is directed by Cubans in Venezuela.
1231:
1919:
389:, Guaidó said he had received calls from security force officials disclaiming any involvement in the arrest; he replied that they need say no more, per the
385:
Guaidó called it a "vile and vulgar kidnapping", adding "Either Nicolas Maduro doesn't dare to arrest me, or he's not the one giving orders." According to
2215:
1753:
2006:
1486:"La respuesta de Estados Unidos a la detención en Venezuela de Roberto Marrero, la mano derecha de Juan Guaidó: habrá consecuencias 'inmediatas y duras'"
1094:
939:
172:, Marrero has been working for "years behind the big names of the Venezuelan party Popular Will (VP), outlawed and fiercely persecuted by the regime of
1057:
736:
408:
866:
823:
803:
580:
said this action "put 'the entire banking sector' on notice" that "persons operating in Venezuela's financial sector may be subject to sanctions."
1021:
2224:
1728:
426:
said that Maduro's forces were testing the international response, "to calculate how & when to arrest Guaido". US national security advisor
707:
646:
The BBC names them as Carol Padilla, prosecutors Farid Mora Salcedo and Dinora Bustamante, and SEBIN officials Dani Contreras and Ángel Flores.
2671:
762:
1385:
2686:
2522:
2285:
2135:
2077:
521:
1945:
267:; Joel Garcia, Marrero's attorney, said that although he had not been able to see Marrero, he was certain that Marrero was at El Helicoide.
2887:
1571:
2587:
3853:
2597:
2219:
1701:
1311:
1172:
3838:
3627:
3565:
2423:
1437:
Herrero, Ana Vanessa and Nicholas Casey (22 February 2019). "Venezuela's Ex-Spy Chief Breaks With Maduro: 'You Have Killed Hundreds'".
969:
3229:
1411:
307:
2861:
2471:
2229:
1831:
3873:
3863:
2751:
2640:
2564:
2517:
2476:
2433:
2390:
546:
292:
2656:
1894:"Treasury sanctions BANDES, Venezuela's National Development Bank, and subsidiaries, in response to illegal arrest of Guaido aide"
3868:
3848:
3595:
2249:
2107:
531:
An April survey of 1,000 voters by Hercon Consultores found that 71% of Venezuelans surveyed disagreed with Marrero's detention.
3600:
2814:
2549:
2443:
2300:
909:
142:
126:
1975:
106:
2933:
2602:
2497:
2354:
2328:
2165:
1832:"87,5 % de los venezolanos no cree los cuentos de Nicolás Maduro sobre tesis del "sabotaje eléctrico" (Encuesta Hercon)"
482:
described the arrest and detention as part of "an escalating crackdown by President Nicolas Maduro against his opponents".
3878:
3743:
400:
273:
said that, because of his closeness to both Guaidó and López, there was concern for Marrero's life; opposition politician
3555:
2539:
2364:
1597:
450:, President of Panama, said the country would take concrete measures against Maduro's regime if Marrero is not released.
84:
1678:[The reactions of the international community to the arrest of Roberto Marrero, director of the Guaidó office].
1544:[United States: Maduro sistematically violates human rights and dignity of Venezuelans] (in Spanish). El Pitazo.
1444:
596:
Maduro pardoned 110 individuals who opposed his administration on 31 August 2020, including mostly politicians from the
3701:
3605:
2534:
2333:
2305:
2170:
2097:
3833:
2448:
2070:
622:
431:
3773:
2948:
2897:
2711:
2254:
627:
2918:
3653:
3612:
3537:
2210:
498:
412:
57:
3037:
1676:"Las reacciones de la comunidad internacional a la detención de Roberto Marrero, director de despacho de Guaidó"
1199:
1160:
859:
Rosati, Andrew and Patricia Laya (21 March 2019). "Venezuela police detain Guaido's chief of staff after raid".
66:
3575:
2789:
2635:
2269:
2112:
2102:
942:[Profile: Roberto Marrero: The founder of the Human Rights Chair at the USM who was stopped by Sebin].
739:[Juan Guaidó's chief of staff would be detained in El Helicoide, the most feared prison in Venezuela].
3345:
3204:
3807:
3718:
3681:
2592:
363:
162:
1626:[Panama will take concrete measures against the Maduro regime if it does not free Roberto Marrero].
2063:
1652:[Duque: The international community has to condemn the criminal persecution of the Maduro regime].
783:
442:
described it as a "totalitarian attack" and called for "more forceful actions" from other countries. The
2706:
1862:
494:
said Maduro was pressuring Guaidó, and "testing the commitment of foreign governments to protecting him".
3666:
3320:
3179:
3067:
2676:
2617:
2507:
2205:
2175:
737:"El jefe de gabinete de Juan Guaidó estaría detenido en El Helicoide, la prisión más temida de Venezuela"
617:
390:
130:
3585:
3062:
3027:
3042:
2892:
2784:
2512:
2190:
1288:['They are well psychically and physically', lawyers could see Roberto Marrero and Luis Páez].
525:
3380:
356:
3843:
3753:
3617:
3480:
3269:
2955:
2696:
2661:
2234:
288:
254:
3199:
3047:
1650:"Duque: La comunidad internacional tiene que condenar la persecución criminal del régimen de Maduro"
274:
3415:
3315:
3072:
2943:
2928:
2902:
2804:
2746:
2559:
2544:
2385:
296:
3475:
3164:
2726:
2721:
1808:[Chancellery of Germany: Marrero's arrest further intensifies the conflict in Venezuela].
468:(OHCHR), called on Maduro to reveal Marrero's location. Venezuela's bishops condemned the arrest.
3455:
3144:
2799:
2397:
2155:
1542:"Estados Unidos: Maduro viola sistemáticamente los derechos humanos y la dignidad de venezolanos"
1286:"'Se encuentran bien anímica y físicamente', abogados pudieron ver a Roberto Marrero y Luis Páez"
451:
3355:
2349:
1704:[Canada says that those responsible for Marrero's kidnapping must be held accountable].
3828:
3622:
3420:
3011:
2741:
2466:
2239:
2731:
2607:
1364:
1338:
3778:
3637:
3470:
3239:
2502:
2194:
2145:
1780:"Venezuela : le chef de cabinet de Juan Guaido arrêté par les services de renseignement"
1485:
597:
2492:
2180:
1624:"Panamá tomará medidas concretas contra el régimen de Maduro si no libera a Roberto Marrero"
763:"Venezuelan activist Lilian Tintori: 'We don't want confrontation. We want reconciliation.'"
3783:
3711:
3560:
3550:
3169:
3032:
2716:
2612:
2438:
1980:
1806:"Cancillería de Alemania: Arresto de Marrero intensifica aún más el conflicto en Venezuela"
1459:[Hugo Carvajal assures that Marrero's 'kidnapping' has two objectives for Maduro].
886:[Juan Guaidó's chief of staff will remain in prison by order of chavista justice].
64:, a prison run by SEBIN and "considered the country's largest torture center" according to
3800:
3335:
3189:
940:"Perfil: Roberto Marrero: El fundador de la cátedra de DDHH en la USM que detuvo el Sebin"
490:
said the arrest resulted in a "significant escalation of the country’s political crisis".
8:
3706:
2877:
2856:
2794:
2140:
2086:
972:[National Assembly calls for sanctions for the 'kidnapping' of Roberto Marrero].
884:"El jefe de despacho de Juan Guaidó seguirá en prisión por orden de la justicia chavista"
540:
110:
1024:[MUD demands the CNE to formalize the candidacy of Roberto Marrero in Monagas].
995:
60:
during a raid on his home in the early morning hours of 21 March 2019, and detained in
3763:
3505:
3450:
3244:
3219:
3134:
3104:
2882:
2840:
2691:
2681:
2554:
2259:
1548:
1097:[SEBIN detained Roberto Marrero and raided the home of deputy Sergio Vergara].
447:
281:
By noon on 22 March, there had been no contact with Marrero, and lawmakers who went to
3490:
3465:
3224:
3174:
3129:
2990:
1893:
3435:
3425:
3360:
3119:
1457:"Hugo Carvajal asegura que el 'secuestro' de Marrero tiene dos objetivos para Maduro"
461:
455:
430:
stated that "Maduro has made another big mistake" that "will not go unanswered". The
3400:
3099:
2630:
1574:[Almagro condemns 'totalitarian attack' against the environment of Guaidó].
1262:[Warning that Marrero could be given 'substances' to give false testimony].
378:
311:
177:
173:
88:
77:
71:
3114:
3109:
2582:
1946:"Venezuela sanctions announced as Trump meets with Caribbean leaders at Mar-a-Lago"
1260:"Advierten que a Marrero le podrían 'aplicar sustancias' para dar falso testimonio"
554:
323:
154:
134:
3510:
3370:
257:
and terrorism. Guaidó said on 21 March that Marrero's whereabouts were not known.
176:." A personal friend of the founder of the Popular Will party, political prisoner
3440:
3410:
3405:
3395:
3052:
2995:
2982:
2779:
2428:
2418:
2244:
2044:
1232:"Venezuelan forces kidnap opposition leader Juan Guaido's chief of staff in raid"
3365:
3279:
1702:"Canadá dice que los responsables del secuestro de Marrero deben rendir cuentas"
314:
was the head of the "terrorist organization" that included Marrero, Vergara and
3691:
3460:
3445:
3430:
3390:
3289:
3159:
3154:
2290:
2264:
828:
584:
565:
472:
427:
319:
315:
122:
3310:
3254:
1095:"Sebin detuvo a Roberto Marrero y allanó vivienda del diputado Sergio Vergara"
404:
374:
206:
53:
3822:
3748:
3676:
3632:
3284:
3264:
3259:
3234:
3057:
2323:
2150:
1060:[Who is Marrero, the ally of Guaidó arrested by the Maduro regime?].
419:
396:
393:; he said the "incident was indicative of divides within the Maduro regime".
97:
reported that the arrest of Guaidó's number-two person was a test of the US.
3149:
230:
Marrero was able to send an audio message before he was taken away, saying:
3723:
3671:
3495:
3330:
3139:
2835:
2736:
2622:
2295:
1202:[Venezuelan police arrest the head of the Guaidó Cabinet at dawn].
1022:"Unidad exige al CNE oficializar candidatura de Roberto Marrero en Monagas"
650:
names the same people as Carol Padilla, Farik Mora and Dinorah Bustamante.
605:
439:
339:
282:
264:
259:
150:
61:
19:
3500:
2666:
1200:"La policía venezolana detiene de madrugada al jefe de Gabinete de Guaidó"
1175:[Audios from Roberto Marrero in the moment SEBIN raids his home].
3385:
3375:
3249:
2774:
2009:[Maduro pardons a hundred Venezuelan politicians and activists].
1729:"Venezuelan bishops condemn arrest of opposition leader's Chief of Staff"
423:
3294:
1173:"Audios de Roberto Marrero en el momento en que el Sebin allana su casa"
1058:"¿Quién es Marrero, el aliado de Guaidó detenido por régimen de Maduro?"
438:
After the arrest of several people around Guaidó, OAS Secretary-General
3214:
1754:"Statement by the Spokesperson on the latest developments in Venezuela"
1516:"Venezuela detains top aide to Guaido in move U.S. calls 'big mistake'"
1441:(Late Edition (East Coast) ed.). p. A.6 – via ProQuest.
1436:
1026:
507:
443:
2055:
1572:"Almagro condena 'arremetida totalitaria' contra el entorno de Guaidó"
1388:[Juan Planchart is detained in the SEBIN at Plaza Venezuela].
211:
3686:
2809:
2380:
1920:"US tightens the screws on Venezuela's Maduro with banking sanctions"
1386:"Juan Planchart se encuentra detenido en el Sebin de Plaza Venezuela"
1153:"Venezuela crisis escalates as Guaido's chief of staff is arrested".
970:"Asamblea Nacional pide sanciones por 'secuestro' de Roberto Marrero"
576:
49:
2007:"Maduro indulta a un centenar de políticos y activistas venezolanos"
3658:
2160:
708:"Venezuela detains top aide to Guaido in test of Trump's red line"
37:
3768:
3580:
2039:
1551:(Press release). United States Department of State. 15 April 2019
1513:
1412:"Venezuela's Maduro claims opposition plotting his assassination"
824:"Venezuela's Moribund Opposition Stirs With Lawmaker's Emergence"
804:"Who Is Juan Guaido? A Quick Look at the Young Venezuelan Leader"
146:
105:
Roberto Eugenio Marrero Borjas founded the Human Rights Chair at
93:
23:
858:
601:
which their lawyers and relatives deny", according to Reuters.
2359:
2035:
1976:"Roberto Marrero: 'Cuento con la suerte de estar vivo y libre'"
1600:[Paraguay condemns the kidnapping of Roberto Marrero].
821:
801:
550:
466:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
161:) political party, Marrero served as secretary in 2016 for the
1978:[Roberto Marrero: 'I am lucky to be alive and free'].
781:
3696:
1896:(Press release). US Department of the Treasury. 22 March 2019
1339:"Ex-Venezuela spy chief says Maduro ordered illegal arrests"
1314:[Roberto Marrero and Luis Páez are in good health].
680:"Juan Guaidó's chief of staff arrested by Venezuelan agents"
3542:
1312:"Roberto Marrero y Luis Páez están en buen estado de salud"
1365:"Venezuela lays out accusations against Guaido's top aide"
910:"AN desaprueba Decreto 2.184 sobre emergencia económica"
2924:
Law against Fascism, Neofascism and Similar Expressions
2001:
1999:
1055:
996:"Venezuela crisis: Guaidó aide faces terrorism charges"
553:, the Venezuelan Economic and Social Development Bank (
1758:
European External Action Service - European Commission
1569:
967:
74:; López is Guaidó's mentor and a political prisoner.
3859:
Political prisoners during the Bolivarian Revolution
1996:
1549:"Nicolas Maduro: Corruption and chaos in Venezuela"
1514:Sequera, Vivian and Angus Berwick (21 March 2019).
822:Rosati, Andrew and Alex Vasquez (15 January 2019).
802:Rosati, Andrew and Alex Vasquez (23 January 2019).
677:
559:
Banco de Desarrollo Económico y Social de Venezuela
549:responded on 22 March 2019 by placing sanctions on
1857:
1855:
1853:
1598:"Paraguay condena el secuestro de Roberto Marrero"
1229:
782:Chavez, Nicole and Rafael Romo (24 January 2019).
673:
671:
669:
667:
180:, Marrero was a member of the party's leadership.
1913:
1911:
1362:
1336:
3820:
1191:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
702:
700:
338:Marrero's brother said Marrero would be held at
293:Bolivarian National Intelligence Service (SEBIN)
1917:
1850:
1539:
1225:
1223:
1221:
664:
30: and the second or maternal family name is
1973:
1969:
1967:
1943:
1908:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1480:
1478:
1380:
1378:
1197:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
988:
937:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
608:, Marrero was released as part of the pardon.
2687:Statute Governing the Transition to Democracy
2403:Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act
2071:
1726:
1509:
1507:
1254:
1252:
1113:
697:
1218:
1165:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
52:attorney, politician, and chief of staff to
1964:
1881:
1824:
1533:
1475:
1430:
1375:
1128:
1076:
843:
731:
729:
3759:International Criminal Court investigation
3628:Local Committees for Supply and Production
2078:
2064:
1504:
1358:
1356:
1249:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
545:Just hours after Marrero's detention, the
253:Marrero was accused of involvement in the
1304:
1137:
1056:Lares Martiz, Valentina (21 March 2019).
878:
876:
874:
113:. As of March 2019, he was 49 years old.
1937:
1570:Pineda Sleinan, Julett (24 March 2019).
968:Rodrigues Rosas, Ronny (22 March 2019).
963:
961:
933:
931:
726:
547:United States Department of the Treasury
295:who defected to the US after the failed
36:
2888:Unitary Platform presidential primaries
2588:Presidential campaign of Nicolás Maduro
2085:
1863:"US slaps sanctions on Venezuelan bank"
1353:
1042:
207:Marrero audio message during his arrest
188:
145:to accept Marrero as the candidate for
127:2015 Venezuelan parliamentary elections
3821:
2186:Economic policies under Nicolás Maduro
871:
2770:National Assembly leadership election
2424:Colombian diplomatic/migration crisis
2181:Devaluation of the Venezuelan bolívar
2059:
2045:Roberto Marrero archive at La Patilla
1157:. 21 March 2019 – via ProQuest.
958:
928:
678:Parkin Daniels, Joe (21 March 2019).
3744:Enforced disappearances in Venezuela
3543:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas
1230:Shesgreen, Deirdre (21 March 2019).
534:
232:
3556:United Socialist Party of Venezuela
2108:History of Venezuela (1999–present)
1363:Montoya B., Susan (23 March 2019).
125:was prohibited from running in the
116:
85:2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis
13:
3854:Venezuelan prisoners and detainees
2306:III National Assembly of Venezuela
2225:Interventions of political parties
70:. Marrero is also an attorney for
14:
3890:
3839:People of the Crisis in Venezuela
2449:IV National Assembly of Venezuela
2029:
1974:Flores, Jordan (31 August 2022).
1918:Adams, David C. (22 March 2019).
1540:Altuve, Armando (15 April 2019).
1337:Lugo, Luis Alonso (4 July 2019).
784:"Who is Venezuela's Juan Guaido?"
623:Detention of Maria Lourdes Afiuni
432:United States Department of State
401:Venezuela's military intelligence
3774:Political prisoners in Venezuela
2819:V National Assembly of Venezuela
2255:States of emergency in Venezuela
1944:Reichmann, Deb (22 March 2019).
1198:Garcia, Jacobo (21 March 2019).
938:Ramos, Gabriel (21 March 2019).
628:Political prisoners in Venezuela
362:
355:
201:
100:
3874:21st-century Venezuelan lawyers
3864:20th-century Venezuelan lawyers
3654:Organization of American States
3613:Bolivarian Intelligence Service
3538:Union of South American Nations
2098:Protests against Nicolás Maduro
1798:
1772:
1746:
1727:Blears, James (23 March 2019).
1720:
1694:
1668:
1642:
1616:
1590:
1563:
1449:
1404:
1330:
1278:
1014:
640:
499:Central University of Venezuela
418:US special envoy for Venezuela
413:Organization of American States
87:, the US had repeatedly warned
3869:Venezuelan presidential crisis
3849:March 2019 events in Venezuela
3576:Agencia Venezolana de Noticias
2722:Death of Rafael Acosta Arévalo
2657:Inauguration of Nicolás Maduro
2103:Venezuelan presidential crisis
902:
755:
510:, Diego Moya-Ocampos, said to
486:described it as a kidnapping.
46:Roberto Eugenio Marrero Borjas
1:
3808:Bolivarian Revolution in film
3606:Constituent National Assembly
2919:Detention of Rocío San Miguel
2550:Death of Carlos Andrés García
2523:Constituent Assembly election
1030:(in Spanish). 4 December 2015
916:(in Spanish). 23 January 2016
657:
564:US National Security Advisor
139:Mesa de la Unidad Democrática
109:. He was a councilor for the
3719:National Assembly (majority)
2732:Death of Juan Carlos Márquez
2707:Disappearance of Gilber Caro
2702:Detention of Roberto Marrero
2419:Detention of Antonio Ledezma
604:After one-and-half years in
524:, analyst at the think tank
409:military counterintelligence
345:
215:, retrieved on 22 March 2019
163:Venezuelan National Assembly
22:, the first or paternal
7:
3879:Venezuelan city councillors
3667:Democratic Unity Roundtable
3596:Supreme Tribunal of Justice
3566:People's Electoral Movement
2618:Detention of Juan Requesens
2508:Caracas helicopter incident
2398:Detention of Leopoldo López
2286:Colombian diplomatic crisis
2235:Refugee crisis and diaspora
1812:(in Spanish). 21 March 2019
1708:(in Spanish). 21 March 2019
1682:(in Spanish). 21 March 2019
1656:(in Spanish). 21 March 2019
1630:(in Spanish). 21 March 2019
1604:(in Spanish). 21 March 2019
1492:(in Spanish). 21 March 2019
1392:(in Spanish). 24 March 2019
1318:(in Spanish). 23 March 2019
1292:(in Spanish). 23 March 2019
1266:(in Spanish). 22 March 2019
1179:(in Spanish). 21 March 2019
1101:(in Spanish). 21 March 2019
890:(in Spanish). 29 March 2019
867:online with a subscription.
743:(in Spanish). 22 March 2019
618:Detention of Juan Requesens
611:
391:2019 Venezuelan Amnesty Law
131:Democratic Unity Roundtable
10:
3895:
3601:National Electoral Council
2472:Recall referendum movement
1838:(in Spanish). 5 April 2019
1786:(in French). 21 March 2019
591:
538:
526:International Crisis Group
302:
263:says Marrero was taken to
143:National Electoral Council
17:
3792:
3754:Human rights in Venezuela
3736:
3646:
3618:Bolivarian National Guard
3530:
3523:
3303:
3092:
3085:
3020:
3004:
2975:
2968:
2911:
2870:
2862:Recall referendum project
2849:
2828:
2762:
2712:30 April uprising attempt
2662:Venezuela TPS Act of 2019
2649:
2636:Tumeremo massacre (third)
2575:
2485:
2467:Tumeremo massacre (first)
2459:
2411:
2373:
2342:
2316:
2278:
2250:State-sponsored terrorism
2128:
2121:
2093:
1161:online with subscription.
501:political scientist told
291:, former director of the
289:Manuel Cristopher Figuera
200:
195:
3834:Popular Will politicians
3702:Movimiento al Socialismo
3586:Venezolana de Televisión
2929:Bulla Loca mine disaster
2672:Humanitarian aid mission
2641:2018 protests (timeline)
2631:Murder of Fernando Albán
2598:Panama diplomatic crisis
2545:Attack on Fort Paramacay
2518:National Assembly attack
2493:Detention of Gilber Caro
2477:2016 protests (timeline)
2434:2015 protests (timeline)
714:. Reuters. 21 March 2019
633:
297:2019 Venezuelan uprising
91:not to go after Guaidó;
41:Roberto Marrero in 2020.
2939:international reactions
2898:Guyana–Venezuela crisis
2692:Murder of Alí Domínguez
2291:Death of Franklin Brito
2216:International sanctions
2166:Crimes against humanity
517:The Wall Street Journal
387:The Wall Street Journal
224:The Wall Street Journal
3623:Mission Barrio Adentro
2969:Deaths during protests
2815:Parliamentary election
2810:Detention of Alex Saab
2737:Murder of Edmundo Rada
2444:Parliamentary election
2301:Parliamentary election
558:
275:Fernando Albán Salazar
243:
236:
158:
138:
107:Santa Maria University
42:
3779:Revolving door effect
2934:Presidential election
2785:Barquisimeto shooting
2727:Attack of Rufo Chacón
2623:Economic reforms and
2603:Presidential election
2503:Mother of All Marches
2498:Constitutional crisis
2355:Presidential election
2329:Presidential election
2195:Zulia energy collapse
2146:Bolivarian Revolution
1133:– via ProQuest.
863:– via ProQuest.
598:Venezuelan opposition
539:Further information:
403:for ten years during
141:, MUD) solicited the
56:; he was arrested by
40:
3784:Torture in Venezuela
3712:Agreement for Change
3592:State organizations
3551:Great Patriotic Pole
3356:María Corina Machado
3033:Juan Pablo Pernalete
2956:Widespread blackouts
2775:Death of Addy Valero
2717:Acarigua prison riot
2697:Widespread blackouts
2613:Caracas drone attack
2439:Narcosobrinos affair
2350:Death of Hugo Chávez
2270:Coronavirus pandemic
1981:El Diario de Caracas
189:Arrest and detention
3707:Progressive Advance
3633:Carnet de la Patria
2903:El Palito oil spill
2878:Anti-Solidarity Law
2805:El Palito oil spill
2795:Guanare prison riot
2608:El Paraíso stampede
2540:Municipal elections
2365:Municipal elections
2201:Human rights abuses
2141:Bolivarian missions
2087:Crisis in Venezuela
1131:Wall Street Journal
583:Treasury Secretary
541:Venezuela sanctions
149:. Representing the
111:Baruta Municipality
3793:In popular culture
3764:Orinoco Mining Arc
3663:Political parties
3547:Political parties
3321:C. Alcalá Cordones
3180:C. Alcalá Cordones
2883:Barbados Agreement
2682:Venezuela Aid Live
2555:Law against Hatred
2535:Regional elections
2334:Regional elections
2260:Catatumbo campaign
2240:Resource shortages
2211:Illegal drug trade
2013:. 1 September 2020
1952:. Associated Press
1341:. Associated Press
503:The New York Times
497:Luis Salamanca, a
488:The New York Times
452:Iván Duque Márquez
448:Juan Carlos Varela
43:
3816:
3815:
3732:
3731:
3682:Democratic Action
3519:
3518:
3081:
3080:
3038:Armando Cañizales
2964:
2963:
2790:COVID-19 pandemic
2742:Operación Alacrán
2113:COVID-19 pandemic
1445:available online.
769:. 29 January 2019
535:Banking sanctions
462:Michelle Bachelet
456:Chrystia Freeland
251:
250:
219:
218:
3886:
3844:2019 in politics
3528:
3527:
3200:V. Padrino López
3170:C. Mata Figueroa
3165:N. Maduro Guerra
3124:arrested in 2024
3090:
3089:
3068:David Vallenilla
2973:
2972:
2949:political crisis
2800:Operation Gideon
2583:El Junquito raid
2245:State protectors
2126:
2125:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2057:
2056:
2050:Tal Cual Digital
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1461:Tal Cual Digital
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1369:Associated Press
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1264:Tal Cual Digital
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366:
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324:Freddy Superlano
233:
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193:
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159:Voluntad Popular
117:Political career
3894:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3887:
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3884:
3883:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3788:
3728:
3687:Un Nuevo Tiempo
3642:
3515:
3299:
3220:H. Rangel Silva
3077:
3053:Orlando Figuera
3043:Miguel Castillo
3016:
3000:
2996:Geraldin Moreno
2991:Génesis Carmona
2983:Bassil Da Costa
2960:
2907:
2866:
2845:
2824:
2758:
2645:
2571:
2481:
2455:
2429:Resolution 8610
2407:
2369:
2338:
2312:
2274:
2136:Economic crisis
2117:
2089:
2084:
2036:Roberto Marrero
2032:
2027:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1972:
1965:
1955:
1953:
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1870:
1869:. 22 March 2019
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1760:. 21 March 2019
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1463:. 21 March 2019
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1418:. 24 March 2019
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1159:Also available
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1003:
1002:. 22 March 2019
994:
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865:Also available
857:
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464:, chief of the
411:, and told the
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3692:Come Venezuela
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3572:Media outlets
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3346:Rafael Ramírez
3343:
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3336:L. Ortega Díaz
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196:External audio
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3416:Pérez Álvarez
3414:
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3071:
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3063:Fabián Urbina
3061:
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3058:Neomar Lander
3056:
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3028:Paola Ramírez
3026:
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3019:
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2747:2019 protests
2745:
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2594:
2593:Valencia fire
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2560:2017 protests
2558:
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2386:2014 protests
2384:
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2324:Amuay tragedy
2322:
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2202:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2191:Energy crisis
2189:
2187:
2184:
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2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:Bolivarianism
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
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2067:
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2051:
2048:
2046:
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2037:
2034:
2033:
2012:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1970:
1968:
1951:
1947:
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1925:
1921:
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1895:
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1576:Efecto Cocuyo
1573:
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1510:
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1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
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1100:
1096:
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1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1017:
1001:
997:
991:
975:
974:Efecto Cocuyo
971:
964:
962:
945:
941:
934:
932:
915:
911:
905:
889:
885:
879:
877:
875:
868:
862:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
831:
830:
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809:
805:
789:
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768:
764:
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742:
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713:
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685:
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674:
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649:
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629:
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621:
619:
616:
615:
609:
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586:
581:
579:
578:
572:
567:
562:
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548:
542:
532:
529:
527:
523:
518:
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493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:Elliot Abrams
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
397:Hugo Carvajal
394:
392:
388:
380:
376:
365:
358:
343:
341:
336:
332:
328:
327:allegations.
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
284:
279:
276:
272:
268:
266:
262:
261:
256:
255:2019 blackout
246:
242:
239:
235:
234:
231:
228:
225:
214:
213:
208:
199:
194:
186:
183:
179:
175:
171:
168:According to
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
147:Monagas state
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
114:
112:
108:
101:Personal life
98:
96:
95:
90:
86:
81:
79:
75:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
39:
33:
29:
25:
21:
16:
3799:
3724:Capitolio TV
3672:Popular Will
3501:J. J. Rendón
3491:D. Solórzano
3471:A. Velásquez
3466:J. Torrealba
3451:H. Salas Feo
3436:R. Requesens
3431:J. Requesens
3240:I. Rodríguez
3230:J. Rodríguez
3225:D. Rodríguez
3012:Kluivert Roa
2836:La Vega raid
2701:
2625:Viernes Rojo
2624:
2296:PDVAL affair
2230:Negotiations
2015:. Retrieved
2010:
1986:. Retrieved
1984:(in Spanish)
1979:
1954:. Retrieved
1950:Sun Sentinel
1949:
1939:
1927:. Retrieved
1923:
1898:. Retrieved
1871:. Retrieved
1866:
1840:. Retrieved
1835:
1826:
1814:. Retrieved
1809:
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1783:
1774:
1762:. Retrieved
1757:
1748:
1736:. Retrieved
1733:Vatican News
1732:
1722:
1710:. Retrieved
1705:
1696:
1684:. Retrieved
1679:
1670:
1658:. Retrieved
1653:
1644:
1632:. Retrieved
1627:
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1601:
1592:
1580:. Retrieved
1578:(in Spanish)
1575:
1565:
1553:. Retrieved
1546:Referencing
1535:
1523:. Retrieved
1519:
1494:. Retrieved
1489:
1465:. Retrieved
1460:
1451:
1438:
1432:
1420:. Retrieved
1415:
1406:
1394:. Retrieved
1389:
1368:
1343:. Retrieved
1332:
1320:. Retrieved
1315:
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1290:Alberto News
1289:
1280:
1268:. Retrieved
1263:
1239:. Retrieved
1235:
1208:. Retrieved
1206:(in Spanish)
1203:
1193:
1181:. Retrieved
1176:
1167:
1154:
1130:
1103:. Retrieved
1099:El Universal
1098:
1066:. Retrieved
1064:(in Spanish)
1061:
1032:. Retrieved
1025:
1016:
1004:. Retrieved
999:
990:
978:. Retrieved
976:(in Spanish)
973:
948:. Retrieved
946:(in Spanish)
943:
918:. Retrieved
913:
904:
892:. Retrieved
887:
860:
833:. Retrieved
827:
811:. Retrieved
807:
791:. Retrieved
787:
771:. Retrieved
766:
757:
745:. Retrieved
740:
716:. Retrieved
711:
687:. Retrieved
684:The Guardian
683:
648:El Universal
647:
642:
606:El Helicoide
603:
595:
582:
575:
570:
563:
544:
530:
516:
511:
502:
496:
491:
487:
483:
479:
478:
470:
460:
440:Luis Almagro
437:
417:
395:
386:
384:
340:El Helicoide
337:
333:
329:
306:
287:
283:El Helicoide
280:
270:
269:
265:El Helicoide
260:The Guardian
258:
252:
244:
237:
229:
223:
220:
210:
181:
169:
167:
151:Popular Will
120:
104:
92:
82:
76:
65:
62:El Helicoide
45:
44:
31:
27:
20:Spanish name
15:
3647:Anti-Maduro
3476:J. L. Silva
3426:Ramos Allup
3421:Pérez Vivas
3361:H. Capriles
3316:Óscar Pérez
3311:Juan Guaidó
3304:Anti-Maduro
3175:C. Meléndez
3105:F. Ameliach
3048:Paúl Moreno
2677:Amnesty Law
1680:CNN Español
1390:El Nacional
1316:El Nacional
566:John Bolton
522:Phil Gunson
428:John Bolton
424:Marco Rubio
405:Hugo Chávez
375:Juan Guaidó
83:During the
54:Juan Guaidó
3823:Categories
3638:Colectivos
3531:Pro-Maduro
3511:T. Guanipa
3496:O. Barboza
3485:since 2019
3461:L. Tintori
3446:M. Rosales
3441:F. Rosales
3396:A. Ledezma
3391:F. Guevara
3350:since 2018
3340:since 2017
3325:since 2013
3290:I. Alfonzo
3274:until 2019
3260:E. Amoroso
3245:T. W. Saab
3235:J. Arreaza
3209:until 2018
3205:R. Ramírez
3194:until 2017
3184:until 2013
3160:I. Alfonzo
3145:A. Istúriz
3135:T. W. Saab
3130:H. Escarrá
3110:D. Cabello
3093:Pro-Maduro
2893:Referendum
2780:Cagua fire
2513:Referendum
2176:Defections
2171:Corruption
2156:Censorship
1836:La Patilla
1810:La Patilla
1706:La Patilla
1654:La Patilla
1628:La Patilla
1602:La Patilla
1177:La Patilla
1027:La Patilla
914:La Patilla
835:27 January
813:27 January
793:27 January
658:References
508:IHS Markit
444:Lima Group
50:Venezuelan
3366:H. Falcón
3331:J. Borges
3285:F. Bernal
3280:E. Farías
3250:I. Varela
3155:T. Lucena
3140:C. Flores
3115:A. Chávez
2667:Plan País
2381:La Salida
2017:31 August
1988:31 August
1924:Univision
1867:France 24
1490:BBC Mundo
1416:Euro News
1345:31 August
1236:USA Today
1062:El Tiempo
944:El Pitazo
861:Bloomberg
829:Bloomberg
808:Bloomberg
577:Univision
571:Univision
512:Bloomberg
492:Bloomberg
484:USA Today
346:Reactions
271:El Tiempo
182:El Tiempo
170:El Tiempo
3659:Mercosur
3406:Mantilla
3401:L. López
3255:D. Vivas
3215:L. Parra
2944:protests
2752:timeline
2565:timeline
2391:timeline
2161:Chavismo
1956:22 March
1929:22 March
1900:22 March
1873:22 March
1816:22 March
1790:22 March
1784:Le Monde
1764:22 March
1738:23 March
1712:22 March
1686:22 March
1660:22 March
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612:See also
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3265:B. Lugo
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