Rock climbing - Knowledge

1190: 169: 1090:. At the top of a pitch, the first climber to ascend (also known as the leader), sets up an anchor and then belays the second climber (also known as the follower) up to the anchor; as the second climber follows the route taken by the leader, the second climber removes ("cleans") the carabiners and anchors placed along the way in order to use them again on the next pitch. While "cleaning" the route, the follower attaches the carabiners and anchors to his or her harness belt loops. Once both climbers are at the top anchor, the leader begins climbing the next pitch, and so on, until the top of the route is reached. 1968: 1276: 209: 133: 1982: 929: 1031: 5089: 1541: 1135:(a kind of deformable nail) were placed in constrictions in the rock instead of hexes, nuts and cams. These are difficult to remove and often destructive to the rock, resulting in pin scars and a number of unremovable "fixed" pitons on many older routes. These are frequently used in a similar fashion to bolts, although they are not as strong and by convention are not considered when evaluating if a route is a trad climb, sport climb or mixed climb the way bolts might be. 4309: 1483: 1261:

the pseudo-follower since a fall by the follower would pull the leader from below towards the last piece of gear—a potentially devastating fall for the leader. In contrast, a fall from the leader would pull the follower from above, resulting in a less serious fall. Most speed ascents involve some form of simul climbing but may also include sections of standard free climbing and the use of placed gear for advancement (i.e. partial aid or pulling on gear).

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old or inappropriate hardware was installed can leave permanent stains on the rock face. Due to the permanent nature of fixed anchors, they were prohibited by the Wilderness Act. However, in 1990, there was a movement by the Forest Service and the Task Group to change the regulations such that fixed anchors would be allowed but still regulated in wilderness areas. These improvements led to protection for both the climbers and the Wilderness Act.

1528: 1144: 5038: 36: 5072: 1433: 1173:. The rope is "taken-in," to clear up the slack as the climber moves upwards, so in the event of a fall, the climber falls the shortest distance possible. The length of a fall is normally no more than a meter, but can vary depending on the length of the route (the longer the rope, the more stretch the rope will undergo when weighted) and the weight of the climber compared to that of the belayer, among other things. 4333: 1693: 893: 5055: 4321: 1867:, breaking rock features, chalk accumulation, litter, abandoned bolts and ropes, human excrement, introduction of foreign plants through seeds on shoes and clothing, as well as damage to native plant species (especially those growing in cracks and on ledges as these are often intentionally removed during new route development through a process commonly referred to as 1246:

climbing. Popular techniques for slab are smearing, maintaining a center of gravity, and high steps. Two of the most renowned locations for slab climbing are Joshua Tree and Yosemite, but the Looking Glass mountain and Moab are also great options. The hardest slab route ever climbed is Cryptography located in Saint Loup, Switzerland, and ascended by Alessandro Zeni.

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natural landscapes is practice that can heavily alter or impact an ecosystem that relies on structure. Arid landscapes that are often desirable for rock climbing commonly have fragile soil dynamics that can be easily disturbed by human activities. Popular climbing areas have been significantly altered due to indiscriminate altering of the landscape. The "

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taller and/or far more lethal if a fall were to occur than bouldering. The term "highball" is used to refer to climbing on the boundary between free soloing and bouldering, where what is usually climbed as a boulder problem may be high enough for a fall to cause serious injury (20 ft. and higher) and hence could also be considered to be a free solo.

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on the wall will be the rating for the whole climb. While the height of a route is generally not considered a factor, a long series of sustained hard moves will often merit a higher grade than a single move of the same technical difficulty. For example, a climb with multiple 5.11 moves with no rests may thus be rated a 5.12.

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and other anchors. Although new fixed anchors are rarely placed by climbers repeating an ascent, their dependency on the existing fixed anchors results in the difference between life and death. However, the existing anchors remain on the climbing structure for long periods of time, and in cases where

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Many non-climbers also object to the appearance of climbing chalk marks, anchors, bolts and slings on visible cliffs. Since these features are small, visual impacts can be mitigated through the selection of neutral, rock-matching colors for bolt hangers, webbing and chalk. The use of certain types of

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The introduction of fixed anchors and bolts in climbing areas have brought lasting changes to landscapes. Drilling and placement of anchors and bolts has contributed to rock degradation, this impacts the visual appeal and ecological stability of the climbing site. Safety equipment implementation into

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As climbing routes or problems increase in difficulty, climbers learn to develop skills that help them complete the climbs clean. There are several techniques for hands and feet as well as terms for motions that combine the two. For indoor gyms, route setters visualize and create routes for climbers,

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Blowtorching is another climbing-induced impact that affects the rocks themselves. Blowtorching is when a climber uses a blowtorch to dry holds on a wet route. This mainly happens in areas that tend to have wet climbing conditions. Blowtorching is not only detrimental to the rock itself and can have

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Volumes are wood or fiberglass structures that are supported by the climbing wall. They are generally giant, prism-like features that are introduced to change the dynamics of the wall. In Europe large climbing holds can be considered volumes, while in the US, the actual surface volume of the wall is

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Short for "simultaneous", simul climbing is when two climbers move at the same time. The pseudo-lead climber places gear that the pseudo-follower collects. When the leader runs low on gear they construct a belay station where the follower can join them to exchange gear. The stronger climber is often

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The act of climbing single- or multi-pitch routes, protected by permanently-fixed bolts and anchors drilled into the rock, using a rope and the aid of a belayer. Unlike traditional rock climbing, sport climbing involves the use of protection (bolts) placed with power drills or on rappel or permanent

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Free soloing, referred to as "soloing" in the UK, is single-person climbing without the use of any rope or protection system. If a fall occurs the climber is likely to be killed or seriously injured. Though technically similar to bouldering, free solo climbing typically refers to routes that are far

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Still the most popular method of climbing big walls, aid climbers make progress up a wall by repeatedly placing and weighting gear that is used directly to aid ascent and enhance safety. This form of climbing is typically used when ascent is too technically difficult or impossible for free climbing.

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Outdoors, climbs usually take place on sunny days when the holds are dry and provide the best grip, but climbers can also attempt to climb at night or in adverse weather conditions if they have the proper training and equipment. However, night climbing or climbing in adverse weather conditions will

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Indoor climbing occurs in buildings on artificial rock structures. This permits for climbing in all types of weather and at all times of the day. Climbers climb indoors to improve their skills and techniques, as well as for general exercise or fun. Indoor climbing gyms typically provide rope setups

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The ratings take into account multiple factors affecting a route, such as the slope of the ascent, the quantity and quality of available handholds, the distance between holds, ease of placing protection and whether advanced technical maneuvers are required. Typically the rating for the hardest move

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Climbing communities in many countries and regions have developed their own rating systems for routes. Ratings, or grades, record and communicate consensus appraisals of difficulty. Systems of ratings are inherently subjective in nature, and variation of difficulty can be seen between two climbs of

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Slab climbing, also known as friction climbing, is classified by the slope of the rock. A slope for slab climbing is less than ninety degrees, and prioritizes footwork. It is also known as friction climbing, and although this might sound easy, slab is considered one of the more challenging types of

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Belaying a climber from the top of a route, bringing them up to walk off or continue on to next pitch. A similarly safe system of climbing a route as top-roping, except the belayer has set the anchors at the top of the climb (normally after leading a route, in which case the climber is "seconding")

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climbing involves rock climbing routes in which protection against falls is placed by the climber while ascending. Typically, when bolts are used, they had been placed on lead by the first ascensionist party. More commonly removable gear such as cams, hexes, and nuts are placed in constrictions or

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The most commonly used method to ascend climbs, Free climbing refers to climbs where the climber's own physical strength and skill are relied upon to accomplish the climb. Free climbing may rely on top rope belay systems, or on lead climbing to establish protection and the belay stations. Anchors,

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is the ratio of the height a climber falls and the length of rope available to absorb the fall. The higher the fall factor, the more force placed on the climber as the ropes decelerate them. The maximum fall factor is 2. It is often advised that climbers who are interested in lead climbing should

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Lead climbing is a climbing technique where the lead climber ascends with the rope passing through intermittent anchors that are below them, rather than through a top anchor, as in top-rope climb. A partner belays from below the lead climber, by feeding out enough rope to allow upward progression

1169:, top rope climbing is climbing in which a climber is belayed from the ground or the base of the route. A belay system resembling a pulley in which an anchor has been created at the top of a climb, through which the rope runs through from the belayer on the ground, to the climber on the ground 1066:

Unlike top-rope climbing, where the climber is always supported by an anchor located above them, lead climbing often involves scenarios where the climber will be attached to a point under them. In these cases, if the climber were to fall, the distance fallen would be much greater than that of

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that occur due to overuse or falls. However, injuries due to falls are relatively uncommon; the vast majority of injuries result from overuse, most often occurring in the fingers, elbows, and shoulders. Such injuries are often no worse than torn calluses, cuts, burns and bruises. But overuse

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In crack climbing, the climber ascends a rock crack using specific techniques such as jamming, stemming, and laying back. Cracks can vary in size from smaller than the width of a finger to larger than human body size. Climbers may protect their hands from sharp-edged rock with tape.

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The sport of rock climbing covers a wide range of activities depending on the style of climbing used and the type of climbing being undertaken. The style and type of climbing will be dictated by the climber's skill level and risk appetite, and also by the specific nature of the

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The current ranges for climbing routes are 5.0 for easy beginner routes to 5.15 being world class and V0–V17, respectively. As the limit of human climbing ability has not yet been reached, neither grading system has a definite endpoint and they are thus subject to revision.

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Solo climbing with a rope secured at the beginning of the climb allowing a climber to self-belay as they advance. Once the pitch is completed the soloist must descend the rope to retrieve their gear. This form of climbing can be conducted free or as a form of aid climbing.

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to belay the climber either indirectly (belayer is part of the system and can be vulnerable when exposed to unexpected directions of pull and loading of the rope) or directly (belayer is not part of the system and belaying is done directly from the anchors using either an

827:, the gear-dependent form of climbing that was dominant in the sport's earlier days. Free climbing is typically divided into several styles that differ from one another depending on the choice of equipment used and the configurations of their belay, rope and 1740:, are also sacred places for indigenous peoples. Many such indigenous people would prefer that climbers not climb these sacred places and have made this information well known to climbers. A well-known example is the rock formation that Americans have named 156: 1683:

To help address these issues, there are a number of products specifically for climbers available in the market. For example, taping of fingers and elbows to prevent injuries is common practice, and there are various products and techniques for taping.

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below the route and a spotter, a person who watches from below and directs the fall of the climber away from hazardous areas. Bouldering may be an arena for intense and relatively safe competition, resulting in exceptionally high difficulty standards.

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have the objectives of either completing the route in the least amount of attempts, the least amount of time, or attaining the farthest point on an increasingly difficult route. Indoor rock climbing is typically split into three disciplines:

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were the main actors in these discussions, which have essentially continued to this day. Preuss propagated a pure climbing style. Angelo Dibona, on the other hand, was an advocate of security and was not fundamentally averse to pitons. When

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asked how many pitons he had hit in total in life, Dibona replied: "Fifteen, six of them on the Laliderer north face, three on the Ödstein, two on the Croz dell 'Altissimo, one on the Einser and the rest on other difficult climbs."

1719:. Full-colour photo-topo diagrams have replaced the previous generation of text based guidebooks, which were illustrated with hand-drawn diagrams. The use of drones has helped improve the quality of images of many of the cliffs. 865:

Due to the length of time and extended endurance required, and because accidents are most likely to happen on the descent, rock climbers do not usually climb back down the route, or "downclimb," especially on the larger multiple

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would attach the rope to themselves; in the event of a fall, the rope would usually cause injury to the climber in the hope that it prevented death. With advances in technology came the development of specialized

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cracks in the rock to protect against falls, but not to aid the ascent directly. Due to the difficulty of placing bolts on lead, bolts tend to be placed farther apart than on many sport climbs. Historically,

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the same grade. Hence, there may be occasional disagreements arising from physiological or stylistic differences among climbers. The practice of rating a climb below its actual difficulty is known as

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designed to catch falls. Ropes and anchors can be configured in different ways to suit many styles of climbing, and roped climbing are thus divided into further sub-types that vary based on how their

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On August 3, 2016, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) formally announced that sport climbing would be a medal sport in the 2020 Summer Olympics. The event debut was postponed to 2021, due to

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without falling. Rock climbing is a physically and mentally demanding sport, one that often tests a climber's strength, endurance, agility and balance along with mental control. Knowledge of proper

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or adapted use of a belay device), up the route from the top. If bolts have been clipped or traditional gear placements have been made, it is the job of the climber to collect and clean the route.

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represents climbers and their interest of public access to crags, cliffs and boulders. In Europe there are different rules in different countries regarding the rights of landowners and climbers.

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The climbing rope is of a fixed length; the climber can only climb the length of the rope. Routes longer than the rope length are broken up into several segments called pitches; this is known as

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Deep-water soloing (or psicobloc) is similar to free soloing in that the climber is unprotected and without a rope, but should the climber fall, it is into deep water instead of onto the ground.

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Just before the First World War, there was a so-called "Mauerhakenstreit" (German: the Great Piton Debate of 1911) in Central Europe regarding the use of aids in climbing and mountaineering.

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A protruding hold that is typically smooth like a sloper. These are held by wrapping your arm, or entire palm around the hold. The more surface area you have on this hold the better.

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in many cases, often after land ownership transfers and previous access permission is withdrawn. In the U.S. the climbing community responded to access closures by forming the

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Because of the wide range and variety of rock formations around the world, rock climbing has been separated into several different styles and sub-disciplines, such as

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Climbing on short, low routes without the use of the safety rope that is typical of most other styles. Protection, if used at all, typically consists of a cushioned

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which are often of a smaller size than their normal street shoes in order to improve sensitivity towards foot placements and use the tightness to their advantage.

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For example with regard to the legal situation in Austria: Michael Malaniuk "Österreichisches Bergsportrecht (German: Austrian mountain sports law)" (2000), p 89.

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Face climbing is a type of climbing where climbers use features and irregularities in the rock such as finger pockets and edges to ascend a vertical rock face.

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The most significant form of vandalism directly attributable to rock climbers is the alteration of the climbing surface to render it more climber-friendly.

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nesting since the two activities often take place on the same precipitous cliffs. Many climbing area land managers institute nesting season closures of

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As routes get higher off the ground, the increased risk of life-threatening injuries necessitates additional safety measures. A variety of specialized

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that were considered impossible without such means. However, climbing techniques, equipment and ethical considerations have evolved steadily. Today,

1313:. Rock climbing evolved gradually from an alpine necessity to a distinct athletic activity. From the middle of the 19th century, the founder of the 1360:, climbing using equipment that acts as artificial handhold or footholds, became popular during the period 1920–1960, leading to ascents in the 3220: 2377: 1715:

are widely used in rock climbing. Many of them are found in climbing and mountaineering guidebooks such as those published by Rockfax, or the

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placing different kinds of holds in specific parts of the wall at particular angles because they intend climbers to use certain techniques.

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Dolan, Timothy. "Fixed Anchors and the Wilderness Act: Is the Adventure Over." University of San Francisco Law Review 34.2 (2000): 355–378.

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ropes and protection are used to back up the climber and are passive as opposed to active ascending aids. Sub-types of free climbing are

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A fundamental distinction in rock climbing is whether the climber used artificial aid to help them ascend the route, which is called

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A pinch can either be used vertically or horizontally. With a pinch hold, the muscles between the index finger and thumb are used.

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is a style of rock climbing which seeks to minimize some of the aesthetically damaging side effects of some techniques used in

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were used however in most areas protection which damages the rock is discouraged. Most climbers choose to wear a specialized

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A gap between two opposing walls that a climber can jam their fingers, fist, or other body parts in to pull themselves up.

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Very detailed and precise (German): Nicholas Mailänder "Die Ursprünge des Freikletterns" In: Bergsteigen (2016/01) p 149.

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A free climb by a climber who had never seen the route before, and had never been told about its challenges (called the

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in climbing is more often a disagreement with land managers over the appropriateness of drilling and placing permanent

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Indigenous peoples are not the only cultures that object to climbing on certain rock formations. Professional climber

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is commonly used as a drying agent to minimize sweating of the hands. Most other equipment is of a protective nature.

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Rock climbing is inherently dangerous, so to minimize the potential consequences resulting from a fall, climbers use

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which are used to catch a falling climber, hold or lower a climber and for rappelling. Eventually, the placement of

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symptoms, if ignored, may lead to permanent damage especially to tendons, tendon sheaths, ligaments, and capsules.

2708: 2015: 1863:" practices, rock climbing is sometimes damaging to the environment. Common environmental damages include: soil 1093:

In either case, upon completion of a route, climbers can walk back down if an alternate descent path exists, or

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sites. The potential threat to these resources has led to climbing restrictions and closures in places like

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exploits. In the 1880s, European rock climbing became an independent pursuit outside of mountain climbing.

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have also been created in order to compare more accurately the relative difficulties of the rock climbs.

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learn from experienced climbers and participate in training sessions before lead climbing on their own.

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due to the risk of damage to the rock face. In such cases, climbers use knotted slings and ropes for

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exists to provide that safety. Climbers will usually work in pairs and utilize a system of ropes and

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permanent damage but it also leaves a very large burn mark that most non-climbers would object to.

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A hold that has a hole in it with just enough room for one or two fingers to fit inside of it.

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to protect them from falling rocks or equipment or head injuries from crashing into rocks.

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anchors which are attached to the rock walls. This is separate from bolted trad climbing.

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A crimp hold allows climbers to use their fingertips to grab edges; the fingers arch.

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Traditional Lead Climbing: A Rock Climber's Guide to Taking the Sharp End of the Rope

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Climbing grades simplified. There are many other grades but these are the most used.

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which are used for clipping into belay and rappel anchors and connecting gear, and

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kicked off a major controversy when he ignored long-accepted convention to scale

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top-rope and this is one of the main reasons lead climbing can be dangerous. The

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are not considered aid. Climbers who ascend a new route using aid have made a

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Doytchev, B. "THE IMPACT OF MOUNTAINEERING AND CLIMBING ON THE ENVIRONMENT."

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Different types of rock require different techniques to successfully climb.

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have been closed or partially closed due to indigenous cultural concerns.

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Horst Christoph "Held mit 15 Haken" In: Der Standard, 28 February 2013.

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A negative smooth hold, typically in the shape of a ball or half moon.

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in the 12th century are thought to have been excellent climbers. Early

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to clip the rope into intermediate points of protection such as active

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Training for Climbing: The Definitive Guide to Improving Your Climbing

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climbers used rock climbing techniques to reach the summits in their

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without undue slack. As the leader progresses they use a runner and

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The most commonly used rating systems in the United States are the

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systems are set up. Generally speaking, beginners will start with

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region of Spain, by climber Chris Craggs from a Rockfax guidebook

1284: 800: 488: 2555: 1692: 4959: 3522: 3488: 2633:"Uluru climbing ban: Tourists scale sacred rock for final time" 2531:"Devils Tower National Monument Final Climbing Management Plan" 1917: 1913: 1893:

by avoiding using equipment such as pitons, which damage rock.

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formations or indoor climbing walls. The goal is to reach the

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Some areas that are popular for climbing, for example in the

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Union Internationale des Associations de Guides de Montagnes

1829:

exist on private land. Some people within the rock climbing

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increase the difficulty and danger on any climbing route.

4807: 2119:"Slab Climbing Guide: 5 Popular Slab Climbing Techniques" 1813:

in 2006, resulting in strict new climbing regulations in

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Most climbers choose to wear specialized rubber climbing

2318:. Washington: The Mountaineers Books. pp. 286–287. 819:

Most of the climbing done in modern times is considered

704:

of a formation or the endpoint of a usually pre-defined

1859:

Although many climbers adhere to "minimal impact" and "

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Federación Española de Deportes de Montaña y Escalada

2556:

Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit (17 February 2008).

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Although rock climbing was an important component of

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International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation

4219:

Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade

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Texas Park and Wildlife Department (December 1999).

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Union of International Mountain Leader Associations

2709:"The Hidden Environmental Impact of Climbing Chalk" 2612:"Review of the Public Use Plan for Hueco Tanks SHP" 2289:. International Federation of Sport Climbing. 2020. 2255:"Mauerhaken Streit: The Great Piton Debate of 1911" 2203:Kidd, Timothy W. Kidd; Hazelrigs, Jennifer (2009). 1560:and ensure that new climbers know safe techniques. 60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2783: 2204: 1467:A large open hold. Typically in the shape of a V. 1193:Climber with climbing gear attached at his harness 172:A rock climber approaches a roof while leading a 5106: 4379: 1197: 2656: 2560:. United States Forest Service. Archived from 2558:"Cave Rock Climbing Closure Becomes Permanent" 2097:(2nd ed.). Wilderness Press. p. 11. 2064:(8th ed.). Swan Hill Press. p. 592. 1763:Climbing activities can sometimes encroach on 716:is crucial for the safe completion of routes. 4365: 2858: 2237:"Zahllose interessante Exponate • DoloMythos" 2202: 666: 2585:"Climbing Shiprock: Going Up On Native Land" 2582: 2804: 2178:. Archived from the original on 2021-11-07. 2092: 1924:climbing gear is banned altogether at some 1602:. The most basic protective equipment is a 4372: 4358: 4260:International Federation of Sport Climbing 2865: 2851: 2781: 2376:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2038:International Federation of Sport Climbing 1727: 1486:Woman using a negative sloper as main hold 673: 659: 968:Solo climbing, or soloing, is a style of 814: 811:, and most major new FFAs are redpoints. 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 2061:Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills 1691: 1539: 1531:Climber using an edge to pull herself up 1526: 1481: 1431: 1274: 1188: 1142: 1029: 990: 927: 891: 167: 150: 131: 2746:"Flatirons Climbing, wildlife closures" 2529:Rocky Mountain Region (February 1995). 2502: 2313: 1848: 1115: 1075: 776:; where they used no aid, it is called 14: 5107: 2790:(3rd ed.). Helena, Mont: Falcon. 2437: 2051: 4353: 2846: 2410: 2392:Rock Climbing: Mastering Basic Skills 2343: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2316:Rock Climbing: Mastering Basic Skills 2145:Casar, Alex "Don Loro" (2021-07-10). 2144: 1675:Injuries in rock climbing are mainly 1283:In early America, the cliff-dwelling 5027: 4320: 2823: 2706: 2503:Arvesen, Amelia (17 February 2020). 2021:Glossary of knots common in climbing 1171:(position before starting the climb) 1138: 58:adding citations to reliable sources 29: 4332: 2479:"Behind the scenes: BMC guidebooks" 1820: 972:in which the climber climbs alone. 731:, and trad (traditional) climbing. 24: 2775: 2332: 1397: 25: 5136: 4229:South African Climbing Federation 2301:"Olympic Games postponed to 2021" 1896:Climbing can also interfere with 1459: 1100: 896:Man sport climbing under overhang 5087: 5070: 5053: 5036: 4331: 4319: 4308: 4307: 4295: 3201:IFSC World Championships winners 2348:(Third ed.). Guilford, CT. 2169: 1980: 1966: 1511:A sharp corner or vertical edge 1279:Climbing in Germany, circa 1965. 1055:, or passive protection such as 1019: 957: 900: 207: 34: 2809:(3rd ed.). Falcon Guides. 2763: 2738: 2725: 2700: 2691: 2673: 2657:Kurt Repanshek (15 July 2010). 2650: 2625: 2603: 2576: 2549: 2522: 2496: 2471: 2446: 2431: 2404: 2384: 2307: 2293: 2279: 2270: 2058:The Mountaineers Books (2010). 1535: 877: 45:needs additional citations for 4199:British Mountaineering Council 2261: 2247: 2229: 2211:. Human Kinetics 10%. p. 2196: 2163: 2138: 2111: 2086: 1904:known to be used by protected 1843:British Mountaineering Council 1777:City of Rocks National Reserve 1742:Devils Tower National Monument 1722: 1717:British Mountaineering Council 1687: 1444: 754: 13: 1: 2045: 1176: 1004: 923: 4381:Extreme and adventure sports 2872: 2707:Allf, Bradley (2021-04-22). 1939: 1643:spring-loaded camming device 1572: 1198:Techniques for rock climbing 1034:Leader belays the second on 975: 696:up, across, or down natural 7: 2093:Pesterfield, Heidi (2011). 1959: 1664: 870:class III–IV, or multi-day 712:and the use of specialized 10: 5141: 2733:Trakia Journal of Sciences 2287:"Olympic Games Tokyo 2020" 1852: 1668: 1576: 1563: 1552: 1451:Glossary of climbing terms 1448: 1401: 1268: 1264: 1253: 1238: 1224: 1209: 1155:Morialta Conservation Park 1119: 1104: 1079: 1023: 1008: 994: 979: 961: 942: 904: 881: 5125:Mountaineering techniques 4947: 4914: 4878: 4858:Aggressive inline skating 4840: 4800: 4742: 4689: 4615: 4540: 4497: 4387: 4291: 4252: 4189:Appalachian Mountain Club 4159: 4152: 3996: 3946: 3865: 3858: 3741: 3620: 3531: 3291: 3282: 3275: 3173: 3098: 3027: 2992: 2896: 2887: 2880: 2661:. National Parks Traveler 2346:Learning to climb indoors 2188:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1548: 1337:with many first ascents. 1159:Adelaide, South Australia 1040:Joshua Tree National Park 934:Joshua Tree National Park 858:and work their way up to 764:that is being attempted. 4104:Mountain Safety Research 4099:Mountain Equipment Co-op 2440:"Taping finger injuries" 1271:History of rock climbing 1249: 1205: 780:. Devices used only for 767: 4234:South Tyrol Alpine Club 4029:Eastern Mountain Sports 3895:Canadian Alpine Journal 3888:American Alpine Journal 3151:Roof and tunnel hacking 2828:(in Chinese). 电子工业出版社. 2411:Hörst, Eric J. (2003). 2344:Hörst, Eric J. (2019). 2314:Luebben, Craig (2004). 2006:List of climbing topics 1728:Cultural considerations 1579:Rock-climbing equipment 1544:An indoor climbing wall 1422:Yosemite Decimal System 1234: 1220: 4054:Holubar Mountaineering 3866:Magazines and journals 3196:IFSC World Cup winners 2587:. GORP. Archived from 2438:Holmes, David (2018). 2016:Climbing organizations 1825:Many significant rock 1708: 1545: 1532: 1487: 1437: 1424:and the Hueco V-scale 1374:sub-styles of climbing 1325:, Edward R. Whitwell, 1280: 1194: 1184:Italian / Munter Hitch 1162: 1043: 940: 897: 815:Types of rock climbing 692:in which participants 185: 165: 148: 4734:Parachuting/Skydiving 4179:Alpine Club of Canada 4089:Marmot Mountain Works 4044:GERRY Mountain Sports 2807:Training for Climbing 2257:. September 29, 2020. 2151:The Wandering Climber 1947:Today, the charge of 1695: 1543: 1530: 1518:changed by a volume. 1485: 1435: 1278: 1192: 1146: 1033: 991:Deep-water solo (DWS) 931: 895: 736:climbing competitions 171: 163: 135: 4848:Freestyle scootering 4674:Traditional climbing 4209:Club Alpino Italiano 4194:Austrian Alpine Club 4184:American Alpine Club 2805:Horst, Eric (2016). 2394:, 2004, Washington. 1996:Lists and glossaries 1849:Environmental impact 1833:have been guilty of 1815:Arches National Park 1639:Traditional climbers 1589:Climbing chalk (MgCO 1122:Traditional climbing 1116:Traditional climbing 1097:down with the rope. 1088:multi-pitch climbing 1082:Multi-pitch climbing 1076:Multi-pitch climbing 54:improve this article 4775:Powered paragliding 4602:Whitewater kayaking 4597:Whitewater canoeing 4204:Club Alpin Français 3578:Mountaineering boot 3191:Piolet d'Or winners 2782:Long, John (1998). 2591:on 19 February 2008 2537:on 23 February 2008 1930:climbing protection 1631:led to the rise of 1327:Michael Innerkofler 1011:Roped solo climbing 836:climbing techniques 782:climbing protection 710:climbing techniques 230:Piolet d'Or winners 139:leading a route in 137:Traditional climber 4906:Ski mountaineering 4669:Free solo climbing 4607:Whitewater rafting 4224:German Alpine Club 2786:How to Rock Climb! 2583:Cameron M. Burns. 2564:on 19 October 2008 2303:. Tokyo2020. 2020. 2028:Related activities 1775:, and portions of 1709: 1546: 1533: 1488: 1438: 1408:Grade (bouldering) 1281: 1195: 1165:Commonly known as 1163: 1044: 997:Deep-water soloing 941: 898: 840:climbing equipment 714:climbing equipment 186: 166: 149: 5120:Types of climbing 5018: 5017: 4664:Big wall climbing 4412:Kite landboarding 4347: 4346: 4287: 4286: 4239:Swiss Alpine Club 3992: 3991: 3947:Non-fiction films 3923:Planinski Vestnik 3916:Himalayan Journal 3854: 3853: 3616: 3615: 3245:Historical events 3216:Eight-thousanders 3169: 3168: 3023: 3022: 2033:Outdoor education 1671:Climbing injuries 1426:bouldering grade. 1139:Top rope climbing 790:first free ascent 683: 682: 264:Eight-thousanders 254:Historical events 182:Custer State Park 161: 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 5132: 5100: 5092: 5091: 5090: 5083: 5075: 5074: 5073: 5066: 5058: 5057: 5056: 5049: 5041: 5040: 5039: 5029: 4955:Adventure racing 4929:Extreme sledding 4896:Freestyle skiing 4707:Ski-BASE jumping 4580:Technical diving 4427:Mountainboarding 4374: 4367: 4360: 4351: 4350: 4335: 4334: 4323: 4322: 4311: 4310: 4299: 4157: 4156: 4109:Outdoor Research 3863: 3862: 3289: 3288: 3280: 3279: 3250:Grade milestones 3059:Expedition style 2894: 2893: 2885: 2884: 2867: 2860: 2853: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2826:攀岩是个技术活–攀岩实用技术指南 2820: 2801: 2789: 2770: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2757: 2748:. Archived from 2742: 2736: 2729: 2723: 2722: 2720: 2719: 2704: 2698: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2654: 2648: 2647: 2645: 2644: 2629: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2526: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2509:www.climbing.com 2500: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2483:www.thebmc.co.uk 2475: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2442:. KletterRetter. 2435: 2429: 2428: 2408: 2402: 2390:Luebben, Craig, 2388: 2382: 2381: 2375: 2367: 2341: 2330: 2329: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2297: 2291: 2290: 2283: 2277: 2274: 2268: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2233: 2227: 2226: 2210: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2187: 2179: 2167: 2161: 2160: 2158: 2157: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2132: 2115: 2109: 2108: 2090: 2084: 2083: 2055: 2001:List of climbers 1990: 1988:Mountains portal 1985: 1984: 1983: 1976: 1971: 1970: 1969: 1889:and more often, 1821:Private property 1758:Canyon de Chelly 1653:. Traditionally 1627:with the use of 1404:Grade (climbing) 1042:, United States. 1036:Illusion Dweller 675: 668: 661: 420:Expedition style 259:Grade milestones 211: 188: 187: 184:, United States. 162: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 5140: 5139: 5135: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5130: 5129: 5105: 5104: 5103: 5099:from Wikivoyage 5093: 5088: 5086: 5076: 5071: 5069: 5059: 5054: 5052: 5048:from Wiktionary 5042: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5028:sister projects 5025:at Knowledge's 5019: 5014: 4985:Obstacle racing 4970:Extreme ironing 4943: 4910: 4874: 4836: 4825:Mountain biking 4796: 4792:Wingsuit flying 4738: 4685: 4652:Alpine climbing 4611: 4536: 4493: 4383: 4378: 4348: 4343: 4283: 4248: 4148: 4014:Cascade Designs 3988: 3942: 3850: 3737: 3612: 3546:Abalakov thread 3527: 3271: 3165: 3094: 3019: 2988: 2972:Deep-water solo 2876: 2871: 2836: 2817: 2798: 2778: 2776:Further reading 2773: 2768: 2764: 2755: 2753: 2744: 2743: 2739: 2730: 2726: 2717: 2715: 2705: 2701: 2696: 2692: 2679: 2678: 2674: 2664: 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1214: 1208: 1200: 1179: 1141: 1126:Traditional or 1124: 1118: 1109: 1103: 1095:rappel (abseil) 1084: 1078: 1028: 1022: 1013: 1007: 999: 993: 984: 978: 966: 960: 947: 926: 909: 903: 886: 880: 817: 770: 757: 679: 650: 588: 528: 450: 376: 360:Deep-water solo 275: 151: 126: 115: 109: 106: 69:"Rock climbing" 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5138: 5128: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5102: 5101: 5084: 5082:from Wikibooks 5067: 5050: 5021: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4965:Cheese rolling 4962: 4957: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4944: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4920: 4918: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4886:Extreme skiing 4882: 4880: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4872: 4870:Roller skating 4867: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4853:Inline skating 4850: 4844: 4842: 4838: 4837: 4835: 4834: 4833: 4832: 4822: 4821: 4820: 4815: 4804: 4802: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4778: 4777: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4746: 4744: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4714:Bungee jumping 4711: 4710: 4709: 4704: 4693: 4691: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4683: 4678: 4677: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4656: 4655: 4654: 4647:Mountaineering 4644: 4643: 4642: 4640:Mixed climbing 4632: 4630:Crane climbing 4627: 4621: 4619: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4583: 4582: 4577: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4546: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4503: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4393: 4391: 4385: 4384: 4377: 4376: 4369: 4362: 4354: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4341: 4329: 4317: 4305: 4292: 4289: 4288: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4281: 4275: 4269: 4263: 4256: 4254: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4165: 4163: 4154: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4134:The North Face 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4064:Sierra Designs 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4039:Frostline Kits 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4000: 3998: 3994: 3993: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3986: 3979: 3972: 3965: 3958: 3950: 3948: 3944: 3943: 3941: 3940: 3933: 3930:Rock & Ice 3926: 3919: 3912: 3905: 3898: 3891: 3884: 3877: 3874:Alpine Journal 3869: 3867: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3848: 3847: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3802: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3764:Climbing route 3761: 3756: 3751: 3745: 3743: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3735: 3734: 3733: 3723: 3718: 3717: 3716: 3709:Simul-climbing 3706: 3701: 3700: 3699: 3694: 3684: 3683: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3650:Front pointing 3647: 3642: 3641: 3640: 3635: 3624: 3622: 3618: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3599: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3586:Avalanche cord 3580: 3575: 3570: 3569: 3568: 3558: 3553: 3551:Bottled oxygen 3548: 3543: 3537: 3535: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3514: 3513: 3503: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3491: 3481: 3476: 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1303:mountaineering 1293:mountaineering 1269:Main article: 1266: 1263: 1256:Simul climbing 1254:Main article: 1251: 1248: 1239:Main article: 1236: 1233: 1225:Main article: 1222: 1219: 1212:Crack climbing 1210:Main article: 1207: 1204: 1199: 1196: 1178: 1175: 1140: 1137: 1120:Main article: 1117: 1114: 1107:Sport climbing 1105:Main article: 1102: 1101:Sport climbing 1099: 1080:Main article: 1077: 1074: 1024:Main article: 1021: 1018: 1009:Main article: 1006: 1003: 995:Main article: 992: 989: 980:Main article: 977: 974: 962:Main article: 959: 956: 951:bouldering pad 943:Main article: 932:Bouldering in 925: 922: 918:sport climbing 905:Main article: 902: 899: 882:Main article: 879: 876: 874:IV–VI climbs. 816: 813: 769: 766: 762:climbing route 756: 753: 729:sport climbing 681: 680: 678: 677: 670: 663: 655: 652: 651: 649: 648: 647: 646: 641: 636: 626: 621: 620: 619: 614: 604: 598: 595: 594: 590: 589: 587: 586: 581: 576: 574:Simul climbing 571: 566: 561: 560: 559: 549: 544: 538: 535: 534: 530: 529: 527: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 460: 457: 456: 452: 451: 449: 448: 447: 446: 436: 435: 434: 424: 423: 422: 417: 407: 406: 405: 400: 389: 386: 385: 383:mountaineering 378: 377: 375: 374: 369: 368: 367: 362: 357: 347: 346: 345: 340: 330: 329: 328: 318: 317: 316: 306: 305: 304: 294: 288: 285: 284: 277: 276: 274: 273: 268: 267: 266: 261: 251: 250: 249: 239: 238: 237: 235:IFSC victories 232: 221: 218: 217: 213: 212: 204: 203: 197: 196: 128: 127: 42: 40: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5137: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5115:Rock climbing 5113: 5112: 5110: 5098: 5097: 5096:Travel guides 5085: 5081: 5080: 5068: 5064: 5063: 5051: 5047: 5046: 5034: 5033: 5030: 5024: 5023:Rock climbing 5011: 5008: 5006: 5005:Ultramarathon 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4913: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4877: 4871: 4868: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4855: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4845: 4843: 4839: 4831: 4828: 4827: 4826: 4823: 4819: 4818:Freestyle BMX 4816: 4814: 4811: 4810: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4776: 4773: 4772: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4741: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4724:Cliff jumping 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4699: 4698: 4695: 4694: 4692: 4688: 4682: 4679: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4661: 4660: 4659:Rock climbing 4657: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4648: 4645: 4641: 4638: 4637: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4496: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4478: 4477:River surfing 4475: 4474: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4467:Street luging 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4442:Skateboarding 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4432:Riverboarding 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4397:Bellyboarding 4395: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4375: 4370: 4368: 4363: 4361: 4356: 4355: 4352: 4340: 4339: 4330: 4328: 4327: 4318: 4316: 4315: 4306: 4304: 4303: 4298: 4294: 4293: 4290: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4270: 4267: 4264: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4253:International 4251: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4158: 4155: 4153:Organizations 4151: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4024:Early Winters 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4004:Black Diamond 4002: 4001: 3999: 3995: 3985: 3984: 3980: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3971: 3970: 3969:The Dawn Wall 3966: 3964: 3963: 3959: 3957: 3956: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3932: 3931: 3927: 3925: 3924: 3920: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3897: 3896: 3892: 3890: 3889: 3885: 3883: 3882: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3864: 3861: 3857: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3829:Bachar ladder 3827: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3779:Climbing wall 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3766: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3754:Approach shoe 3752: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3732: 3729: 3728: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3689: 3688: 3685: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3667: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3629: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3530: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3512: 3509: 3508: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3486: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3458: 3455: 3451: 3448: 3447: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3420: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3407: 3404: 3403: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3376: 3375: 3374:Climbing rope 3372: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3332: 3331: 3328: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3274: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3255:First ascents 3253: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3230: 3229: 3226: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3188: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3178: 3176: 3172: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3089: 3086: 3085: 3084: 3081: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3068: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3051: 3050: 3047: 3043: 3040: 3039: 3038: 3035: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3026: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2997: 2995: 2991: 2985: 2982: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2964: 2963: 2960: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2947: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2934: 2931: 2927: 2924: 2923: 2922: 2919: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2889:Rock climbing 2886: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2868: 2863: 2861: 2856: 2854: 2849: 2848: 2845: 2837: 2831: 2827: 2824:岩时攀岩 (2019). 2822: 2818: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2799: 2793: 2788: 2787: 2780: 2779: 2766: 2752:on 2008-12-05 2751: 2747: 2741: 2734: 2728: 2714: 2710: 2703: 2694: 2686: 2682: 2676: 2660: 2653: 2638: 2634: 2628: 2613: 2606: 2590: 2586: 2579: 2563: 2559: 2552: 2536: 2532: 2525: 2510: 2506: 2499: 2484: 2480: 2474: 2459: 2455: 2449: 2441: 2434: 2426: 2420: 2416: 2415: 2407: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2387: 2379: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2351: 2347: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2327: 2321: 2317: 2310: 2302: 2296: 2288: 2282: 2273: 2264: 2256: 2250: 2242: 2238: 2232: 2224: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2208: 2207:Rock Climbing 2199: 2191: 2185: 2177: 2176:trekamaze.com 2173: 2170:Saha, Sneha. 2166: 2152: 2148: 2141: 2126: 2125: 2120: 2114: 2106: 2100: 2096: 2089: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2067: 2063: 2062: 2054: 2050: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2029: 2026: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2011:Deaf climbers 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1989: 1978: 1975: 1964: 1957: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1937: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1906:birds of prey 1903: 1899: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1887:trad climbing 1884: 1880: 1878: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1856: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1811:Delicate Arch 1808: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1734:United States 1720: 1718: 1714: 1706: 1702: 1699: 1694: 1685: 1681: 1678: 1672: 1662: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1621:belay devices 1618: 1614: 1609: 1605: 1604:climbing rope 1601: 1596: 1594: 1586: 1580: 1570: 1561: 1556: 1542: 1529: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1516: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1492: 1484: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1466: 1457: 1452: 1442: 1434: 1430: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1416: 1409: 1405: 1395: 1393: 1388: 1386: 1381: 1379: 1376:dependent on 1375: 1371: 1370:free climbing 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1331:Angelo Dibona 1328: 1324: 1323:Paul Grohmann 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1301: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1277: 1272: 1262: 1257: 1247: 1242: 1241:Slab climbing 1232: 1228: 1227:Face climbing 1218: 1213: 1203: 1191: 1187: 1185: 1174: 1172: 1168: 1160: 1156: 1153:(12), in the 1152: 1149: 1145: 1136: 1134: 1129: 1123: 1113: 1108: 1098: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1083: 1073: 1070: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1026:Lead climbing 1020:Lead climbing 1017: 1012: 1002: 998: 988: 983: 973: 971: 965: 964:Solo climbing 958:Solo climbing 955: 952: 946: 939: 938:United States 935: 930: 921: 919: 915: 914:trad climbing 908: 907:Free climbing 901:Free climbing 894: 890: 885: 875: 873: 869: 863: 861: 860:lead climbing 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 832: 830: 826: 822: 821:free climbing 812: 810: 806: 802: 798: 793: 791: 787: 783: 779: 778:free climbing 775: 765: 763: 752: 750: 746: 745:lead climbing 742: 737: 732: 730: 726: 722: 717: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 686:Rock climbing 676: 671: 669: 664: 662: 657: 656: 654: 653: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 631: 630: 627: 625: 622: 618: 615: 613: 610: 609: 608: 605: 603: 600: 599: 597: 596: 592: 591: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 569:Self rescuing 567: 565: 562: 558: 555: 554: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 539: 537: 536: 532: 531: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 461: 459: 458: 454: 453: 445: 442: 441: 440: 437: 433: 430: 429: 428: 425: 421: 418: 416: 413: 412: 411: 408: 404: 401: 399: 396: 395: 394: 391: 390: 388: 387: 384: 380: 379: 373: 370: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 352: 351: 348: 344: 341: 339: 336: 335: 334: 331: 327: 324: 323: 322: 319: 315: 312: 311: 310: 307: 303: 300: 299: 298: 295: 293: 290: 289: 287: 286: 283: 282:rock climbing 279: 278: 272: 269: 265: 262: 260: 257: 256: 255: 252: 248: 245: 244: 243: 240: 236: 233: 231: 228: 227: 226: 223: 222: 220: 219: 215: 214: 210: 206: 205: 202: 199: 198: 194: 190: 189: 183: 179: 175: 170: 164:Rock Climbing 146: 142: 138: 134: 124: 121: 113: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: – 70: 66: 65:Find sources: 59: 55: 49: 48: 43:This article 41: 37: 32: 31: 27:Type of sport 19: 5094: 5077: 5065:from Commons 5060: 5043: 5022: 4995:Powerbocking 4990:Orienteering 4980:Fell running 4975:Extreme Pogo 4901:Speed skiing 4863:Vert skating 4787:Speed flying 4765:Hang gliding 4719:Cliff-diving 4697:BASE jumping 4658: 4635:Ice climbing 4592:Water skiing 4570:Scuba diving 4542:Water sports 4484:Wakeboarding 4457:Snowboarding 4447:Skimboarding 4437:Sandboarding 4422:Longboarding 4417:Kiteboarding 4402:Bodyboarding 4336: 4324: 4312: 4300: 4244:USA Climbing 4144:Wild Country 4139:Therm-a-Rest 3981: 3974: 3967: 3960: 3955:The Alpinist 3953: 3935: 3928: 3921: 3914: 3907: 3900: 3893: 3886: 3879: 3872: 3834:Campus board 3789:First ascent 3533:Ice and snow 3330:Belay device 3181:Alpine clubs 3141:Ropes course 3054:Alpine style 2888: 2825: 2806: 2785: 2765: 2754:. Retrieved 2750:the original 2740: 2732: 2727: 2716:. Retrieved 2712: 2702: 2693: 2684: 2675: 2663:. Retrieved 2652: 2641:. Retrieved 2639:. 2019-08-29 2636: 2627: 2615:. Retrieved 2605: 2593:. Retrieved 2589:the original 2578: 2566:. Retrieved 2562:the original 2551: 2539:. Retrieved 2535:the original 2524: 2512:. Retrieved 2508: 2498: 2486:. Retrieved 2482: 2473: 2461:. Retrieved 2457: 2448: 2433: 2413: 2406: 2391: 2386: 2345: 2315: 2309: 2295: 2281: 2272: 2263: 2249: 2240: 2231: 2206: 2198: 2175: 2165: 2154:. Retrieved 2150: 2140: 2129:. Retrieved 2127:. 2021-10-15 2122: 2113: 2094: 2088: 2059: 2053: 2027: 1995: 1946: 1943: 1934: 1922: 1895: 1891:aid climbing 1881: 1873: 1868: 1858: 1824: 1804: 1785: 1762: 1731: 1711:Illustrated 1710: 1705:Costa Blanca 1700: 1682: 1674: 1637: 1597: 1582: 1567: 1558: 1536:Environments 1521: 1520: 1514: 1513: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1495: 1490: 1489: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1463: 1454: 1439: 1419: 1411: 1389: 1382: 1358:Aid climbing 1356: 1351:Luis Trenker 1339: 1297: 1282: 1259: 1244: 1230: 1215: 1201: 1180: 1170: 1166: 1164: 1150: 1127: 1125: 1110: 1092: 1085: 1065: 1045: 1035: 1014: 1000: 985: 982:Free soloing 967: 948: 910: 887: 884:Aid climbing 878:Aid climbing 864: 862:and beyond. 854:and/or easy 833: 825:aid climbing 818: 794: 786:first ascent 774:aid climbing 771: 758: 733: 718: 685: 684: 607:First ascent 509:Roof hacking 499:Rock hopping 415:Alpine style 281: 141:Indian Creek 116: 107: 97: 90: 83: 76: 64: 52:Please help 47:verification 44: 18:Rock climber 5045:Definitions 5000:Slacklining 4782:Parasailing 4770:Paragliding 4729:Tombstoning 4575:Cave diving 4560:High diving 4550:Coasteering 4499:Motorsports 4489:Windsurfing 4462:Snowskating 4407:Dirtsurfing 4389:Boardsports 4338:WikiProject 4174:Alpine Club 4169:Access Fund 4079:Lowe Alpine 4074:La Sportiva 3811:Fall factor 3704:Self-arrest 3680:Redpointing 3603:Snow anchor 3357:Boulder mat 3306:Daisy chain 3276:Terminology 3267:Terminology 3146:Rooftopping 3088:Hillwalking 3076:Dry-tooling 3042:Via ferrata 2955:Traditional 2933:Competition 2914:Multi-pitch 2897:Disciplines 2685:Access Fund 2665:19 February 2617:19 February 2595:19 February 2568:19 February 2541:19 February 2458:rockfax.com 2124:MasterClass 1839:Access Fund 1835:trespassing 1807:Dean Potter 1769:Hueco Tanks 1723:Site access 1713:photo-topos 1688:Photo topos 1606:. Climbing 1445:Terminology 1415:sandbagging 1383:Over time, 1346:Hans Dülfer 1342:Paul Preuss 1315:Alpine Club 1069:fall factor 755:Description 557:Redpointing 533:Key actions 504:Rooftopping 455:Other types 444:Hillwalking 432:Dry-tooling 403:Via ferrata 343:Traditional 321:Competition 302:Multi-pitch 271:Terminology 178:traditional 174:multi-pitch 5109:Categories 5010:Zip-lining 4891:Freeriding 4813:BMX racing 4755:Air racing 4750:Aerobatics 4681:Skyrunning 4587:Snorkeling 4565:Jet Skiing 4555:Freediving 4527:Rally raid 4517:Rallycross 4452:Skysurfing 3962:El Capitan 3726:Traversing 3675:Onsighting 3655:Glissading 3638:Dülfersitz 3633:Australian 3596:Transeiver 3541:Alpenstock 3474:Portaledge 3462:Copperhead 3401:Descenders 3335:Auto belay 3126:Commercial 3106:Buildering 3083:Scrambling 2993:Rock types 2984:Top roping 2921:Bouldering 2797:1575401142 2756:2008-07-15 2735:19 (2021). 2718:2023-12-05 2643:2023-04-12 2424:0762723130 2400:0898867436 2364:1109907795 2241:Dolomythos 2156:2023-09-01 2131:2023-08-31 2046:References 1746:Lake Tahoe 1629:quickdraws 1617:carabiners 1600:protection 1177:Top roping 1167:top roping 1148:Top roping 1049:carabiners 1005:Roped solo 945:Bouldering 924:Bouldering 856:bouldering 852:top roping 749:top roping 741:bouldering 725:bouldering 721:scrambling 584:Techniques 579:Traversing 484:Commercial 464:Buildering 439:Scrambling 372:Top roping 309:Bouldering 80:newspapers 5079:Textbooks 4924:Bobsleigh 4702:Free BASE 4625:Canyoning 4512:Motocross 4114:Patagonia 3997:Companies 3983:Hard Grit 3976:Free Solo 3844:MoonBoard 3839:Hangboard 3825:Training 3774:Guidebook 3749:Ape index 3714:Rope team 3628:Abseiling 3573:Ice screw 3479:Quickdraw 3362:Carabiner 3284:Equipment 3262:Technique 3228:Equipment 3111:Canyoning 3049:Himalayan 2977:Rope solo 2967:Free solo 2372:cite book 2080:688611213 1949:vandalism 1940:Vandalism 1869:cleaning) 1831:community 1796:Grampians 1788:Australia 1738:Australia 1613:harnesses 1573:Equipment 1335:Tita Piaz 1319:John Ball 1300:Victorian 1151:Balthazar 976:Free solo 831:systems. 593:Key terms 542:Abseiling 469:Canyoning 410:Himalayan 381:Types of 365:Rope solo 355:Free solo 280:Types of 242:Equipment 180:route in 110:June 2024 4939:Skeleton 4916:Sledding 4830:Downhill 4617:Climbing 4532:Snocross 4522:Rallying 4507:Drifting 4314:Category 4161:National 4059:JanSport 4034:Five Ten 3909:Desnivel 3902:Climbing 3881:Alpinist 3806:Exposure 3784:Chipping 3731:Tyrolean 3721:Spotting 3692:Crevasse 3670:Flashing 3660:Jumaring 3645:Belaying 3608:Snowshoe 3566:Ice tool 3556:Crampons 3406:Figure-8 3318:Ascender 3186:Climbers 2926:Highball 2909:Big wall 2874:Climbing 2713:Climbing 2184:cite web 1960:See also 1827:outcrops 1800:Arapiles 1765:rock art 1754:Shiprock 1701:Toix Est 1665:Injuries 1608:pioneers 1477:Pockets: 1392:COVID-19 1289:European 970:climbing 809:redpoint 564:Jumaring 547:Belaying 314:Highball 297:Big wall 225:Climbers 201:Climbing 193:a series 191:Part of 4841:Rolling 4801:Cycling 4760:Gliding 4690:Falling 4472:Surfing 4326:Commons 4280:(UIMLA) 4274:(UIAGM) 3665:Leading 3582:Rescue 3561:Ice axe 3511:Camalot 3445:Lanyard 3428:Skyhook 3413:Harness 3384:Dynamic 3367:Maillon 3340:Glasses 3221:Everest 3212:Deaths 3131:Parkour 2514:May 13, 2488:May 13, 2463:May 13, 1914:falcons 1865:erosion 1703:in the 1564:Outdoor 1515:Volume: 1471:Sloper: 1364:and in 1305:in the 1285:Anasazi 1265:History 844:anchors 801:onsight 792:(FFA). 552:Leading 489:Parkour 94:scholar 4960:Caving 4948:Others 4879:Skiing 4743:Flying 4302:Portal 4268:(UIAA) 4262:(IFSC) 4094:Millet 4084:Mammut 4049:Grivel 4019:Deuter 3937:Summit 3821:Guides 3816:Grades 3687:Rescue 3621:Action 3523:Tricam 3489:Grigri 3435:Hammer 3389:Static 3345:Gloves 3313:Anchor 3233:Brands 3037:Alpine 2832: 2813: 2794: 2681:"Home" 2421: 2398: 2362: 2352: 2322: 2219: 2101: 2078: 2068: 1918:osprey 1910:eagles 1902:cliffs 1898:raptor 1655:pitons 1647:chocks 1549:Indoor 1522:Crack: 1509:Arête: 1497:Pinch: 1311:Europe 1133:pitons 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