Rock climbing - Knowledge

1179: 158: 1079:. At the top of a pitch, the first climber to ascend (also known as the leader), sets up an anchor and then belays the second climber (also known as the follower) up to the anchor; as the second climber follows the route taken by the leader, the second climber removes ("cleans") the carabiners and anchors placed along the way in order to use them again on the next pitch. While "cleaning" the route, the follower attaches the carabiners and anchors to his or her harness belt loops. Once both climbers are at the top anchor, the leader begins climbing the next pitch, and so on, until the top of the route is reached. 1957: 1265: 198: 122: 1971: 918: 1020: 5078: 1530: 1124:(a kind of deformable nail) were placed in constrictions in the rock instead of hexes, nuts and cams. These are difficult to remove and often destructive to the rock, resulting in pin scars and a number of unremovable "fixed" pitons on many older routes. These are frequently used in a similar fashion to bolts, although they are not as strong and by convention are not considered when evaluating if a route is a trad climb, sport climb or mixed climb the way bolts might be. 4298: 1472: 1250:

the pseudo-follower since a fall by the follower would pull the leader from below towards the last piece of gear—a potentially devastating fall for the leader. In contrast, a fall from the leader would pull the follower from above, resulting in a less serious fall. Most speed ascents involve some form of simul climbing but may also include sections of standard free climbing and the use of placed gear for advancement (i.e. partial aid or pulling on gear).

4286: 1945:

old or inappropriate hardware was installed can leave permanent stains on the rock face. Due to the permanent nature of fixed anchors, they were prohibited by the Wilderness Act. However, in 1990, there was a movement by the Forest Service and the Task Group to change the regulations such that fixed anchors would be allowed but still regulated in wilderness areas. These improvements led to protection for both the climbers and the Wilderness Act.

1517: 1133: 5027: 25: 5061: 1422: 1162:. The rope is "taken-in," to clear up the slack as the climber moves upwards, so in the event of a fall, the climber falls the shortest distance possible. The length of a fall is normally no more than a meter, but can vary depending on the length of the route (the longer the rope, the more stretch the rope will undergo when weighted) and the weight of the climber compared to that of the belayer, among other things. 4322: 1682: 882: 5044: 4310: 1856:, breaking rock features, chalk accumulation, litter, abandoned bolts and ropes, human excrement, introduction of foreign plants through seeds on shoes and clothing, as well as damage to native plant species (especially those growing in cracks and on ledges as these are often intentionally removed during new route development through a process commonly referred to as 1235:

climbing. Popular techniques for slab are smearing, maintaining a center of gravity, and high steps. Two of the most renowned locations for slab climbing are Joshua Tree and Yosemite, but the Looking Glass mountain and Moab are also great options. The hardest slab route ever climbed is Cryptography located in Saint Loup, Switzerland, and ascended by Alessandro Zeni.

1864:

natural landscapes is practice that can heavily alter or impact an ecosystem that relies on structure. Arid landscapes that are often desirable for rock climbing commonly have fragile soil dynamics that can be easily disturbed by human activities. Popular climbing areas have been significantly altered due to indiscriminate altering of the landscape. The "

976:

taller and/or far more lethal if a fall were to occur than bouldering. The term "highball" is used to refer to climbing on the boundary between free soloing and bouldering, where what is usually climbed as a boulder problem may be high enough for a fall to cause serious injury (20 ft. and higher) and hence could also be considered to be a free solo.

141: 1430:

on the wall will be the rating for the whole climb. While the height of a route is generally not considered a factor, a long series of sustained hard moves will often merit a higher grade than a single move of the same technical difficulty. For example, a climb with multiple 5.11 moves with no rests may thus be rated a 5.12.

1830:. This is an "advocacy organization that keeps U.S. climbing areas open and conserves the climbing environment. Five core programs support the mission on national and local levels: public policy, stewardship and conservation (including grants), grassroots activism, climber education and land acquisition." In the U.K. the 1944:

and other anchors. Although new fixed anchors are rarely placed by climbers repeating an ascent, their dependency on the existing fixed anchors results in the difference between life and death. However, the existing anchors remain on the climbing structure for long periods of time, and in cases where

1912:

Many non-climbers also object to the appearance of climbing chalk marks, anchors, bolts and slings on visible cliffs. Since these features are small, visual impacts can be mitigated through the selection of neutral, rock-matching colors for bolt hangers, webbing and chalk. The use of certain types of

1863:

The introduction of fixed anchors and bolts in climbing areas have brought lasting changes to landscapes. Drilling and placement of anchors and bolts has contributed to rock degradation, this impacts the visual appeal and ecological stability of the climbing site. Safety equipment implementation into

1444:

As climbing routes or problems increase in difficulty, climbers learn to develop skills that help them complete the climbs clean. There are several techniques for hands and feet as well as terms for motions that combine the two. For indoor gyms, route setters visualize and create routes for climbers,

1924:

Blowtorching is another climbing-induced impact that affects the rocks themselves. Blowtorching is when a climber uses a blowtorch to dry holds on a wet route. This mainly happens in areas that tend to have wet climbing conditions. Blowtorching is not only detrimental to the rock itself and can have

1506:

Volumes are wood or fiberglass structures that are supported by the climbing wall. They are generally giant, prism-like features that are introduced to change the dynamics of the wall. In Europe large climbing holds can be considered volumes, while in the US, the actual surface volume of the wall is

1249:

Short for "simultaneous", simul climbing is when two climbers move at the same time. The pseudo-lead climber places gear that the pseudo-follower collects. When the leader runs low on gear they construct a belay station where the follower can join them to exchange gear. The stronger climber is often

1100:

The act of climbing single- or multi-pitch routes, protected by permanently-fixed bolts and anchors drilled into the rock, using a rope and the aid of a belayer. Unlike traditional rock climbing, sport climbing involves the use of protection (bolts) placed with power drills or on rappel or permanent

975:

Free soloing, referred to as "soloing" in the UK, is single-person climbing without the use of any rope or protection system. If a fall occurs the climber is likely to be killed or seriously injured. Though technically similar to bouldering, free solo climbing typically refers to routes that are far

877:

Still the most popular method of climbing big walls, aid climbers make progress up a wall by repeatedly placing and weighting gear that is used directly to aid ascent and enhance safety. This form of climbing is typically used when ascent is too technically difficult or impossible for free climbing.

1557:

Outdoors, climbs usually take place on sunny days when the holds are dry and provide the best grip, but climbers can also attempt to climb at night or in adverse weather conditions if they have the proper training and equipment. However, night climbing or climbing in adverse weather conditions will

1548:

Indoor climbing occurs in buildings on artificial rock structures. This permits for climbing in all types of weather and at all times of the day. Climbers climb indoors to improve their skills and techniques, as well as for general exercise or fun. Indoor climbing gyms typically provide rope setups

1429:

The ratings take into account multiple factors affecting a route, such as the slope of the ascent, the quantity and quality of available handholds, the distance between holds, ease of placing protection and whether advanced technical maneuvers are required. Typically the rating for the hardest move

1401:

Climbing communities in many countries and regions have developed their own rating systems for routes. Ratings, or grades, record and communicate consensus appraisals of difficulty. Systems of ratings are inherently subjective in nature, and variation of difficulty can be seen between two climbs of

1234:

Slab climbing, also known as friction climbing, is classified by the slope of the rock. A slope for slab climbing is less than ninety degrees, and prioritizes footwork. It is also known as friction climbing, and although this might sound easy, slab is considered one of the more challenging types of

1170:

Belaying a climber from the top of a route, bringing them up to walk off or continue on to next pitch. A similarly safe system of climbing a route as top-roping, except the belayer has set the anchors at the top of the climb (normally after leading a route, in which case the climber is "seconding")

1119:

climbing involves rock climbing routes in which protection against falls is placed by the climber while ascending. Typically, when bolts are used, they had been placed on lead by the first ascensionist party. More commonly removable gear such as cams, hexes, and nuts are placed in constrictions or

900:

The most commonly used method to ascend climbs, Free climbing refers to climbs where the climber's own physical strength and skill are relied upon to accomplish the climb. Free climbing may rely on top rope belay systems, or on lead climbing to establish protection and the belay stations. Anchors,

1060:

is the ratio of the height a climber falls and the length of rope available to absorb the fall. The higher the fall factor, the more force placed on the climber as the ropes decelerate them. The maximum fall factor is 2. It is often advised that climbers who are interested in lead climbing should

1035:

Lead climbing is a climbing technique where the lead climber ascends with the rope passing through intermittent anchors that are below them, rather than through a top anchor, as in top-rope climb. A partner belays from below the lead climber, by feeding out enough rope to allow upward progression

1158:, top rope climbing is climbing in which a climber is belayed from the ground or the base of the route. A belay system resembling a pulley in which an anchor has been created at the top of a climb, through which the rope runs through from the belayer on the ground, to the climber on the ground 1055:

Unlike top-rope climbing, where the climber is always supported by an anchor located above them, lead climbing often involves scenarios where the climber will be attached to a point under them. In these cases, if the climber were to fall, the distance fallen would be much greater than that of

1668:

that occur due to overuse or falls. However, injuries due to falls are relatively uncommon; the vast majority of injuries result from overuse, most often occurring in the fingers, elbows, and shoulders. Such injuries are often no worse than torn calluses, cuts, burns and bruises. But overuse

1205:

In crack climbing, the climber ascends a rock crack using specific techniques such as jamming, stemming, and laying back. Cracks can vary in size from smaller than the width of a finger to larger than human body size. Climbers may protect their hands from sharp-edged rock with tape.

748:

The sport of rock climbing covers a wide range of activities depending on the style of climbing used and the type of climbing being undertaken. The style and type of climbing will be dictated by the climber's skill level and risk appetite, and also by the specific nature of the

1417:

The current ranges for climbing routes are 5.0 for easy beginner routes to 5.15 being world class and V0–V17, respectively. As the limit of human climbing ability has not yet been reached, neither grading system has a definite endpoint and they are thus subject to revision.

1004:

Solo climbing with a rope secured at the beginning of the climb allowing a climber to self-belay as they advance. Once the pitch is completed the soloist must descend the rope to retrieve their gear. This form of climbing can be conducted free or as a form of aid climbing.

1171:

to belay the climber either indirectly (belayer is part of the system and can be vulnerable when exposed to unexpected directions of pull and loading of the rope) or directly (belayer is not part of the system and belaying is done directly from the anchors using either an

816:, the gear-dependent form of climbing that was dominant in the sport's earlier days. Free climbing is typically divided into several styles that differ from one another depending on the choice of equipment used and the configurations of their belay, rope and 1729:, are also sacred places for indigenous peoples. Many such indigenous people would prefer that climbers not climb these sacred places and have made this information well known to climbers. A well-known example is the rock formation that Americans have named 145: 1672:

To help address these issues, there are a number of products specifically for climbers available in the market. For example, taping of fingers and elbows to prevent injuries is common practice, and there are various products and techniques for taping.

942:

below the route and a spotter, a person who watches from below and directs the fall of the climber away from hazardous areas. Bouldering may be an arena for intense and relatively safe competition, resulting in exceptionally high difficulty standards.

143: 149: 147: 142: 148: 727:

have the objectives of either completing the route in the least amount of attempts, the least amount of time, or attaining the farthest point on an increasingly difficult route. Indoor rock climbing is typically split into three disciplines:

1337:

were the main actors in these discussions, which have essentially continued to this day. Preuss propagated a pure climbing style. Angelo Dibona, on the other hand, was an advocate of security and was not fundamentally averse to pitons. When

1342:

asked how many pitons he had hit in total in life, Dibona replied: "Fifteen, six of them on the Laliderer north face, three on the Ödstein, two on the Croz dell 'Altissimo, one on the Einser and the rest on other difficult climbs."

1708:. Full-colour photo-topo diagrams have replaced the previous generation of text based guidebooks, which were illustrated with hand-drawn diagrams. The use of drones has helped improve the quality of images of many of the cliffs. 854:

Due to the length of time and extended endurance required, and because accidents are most likely to happen on the descent, rock climbers do not usually climb back down the route, or "downclimb," especially on the larger multiple

146: 1599:

would attach the rope to themselves; in the event of a fall, the rope would usually cause injury to the climber in the hope that it prevented death. With advances in technology came the development of specialized

1361:, climbing using holds made entirely of natural rock while using gear solely for protection and not for upward movement, is the most popular form of the sport. Free climbing has since been divided into several 1120:

cracks in the rock to protect against falls, but not to aid the ascent directly. Due to the difficulty of placing bolts on lead, bolts tend to be placed farther apart than on many sport climbs. Historically,

1402:

the same grade. Hence, there may be occasional disagreements arising from physiological or stylistic differences among climbers. The practice of rating a climb below its actual difficulty is known as

835:

designed to catch falls. Ropes and anchors can be configured in different ways to suit many styles of climbing, and roped climbing are thus divided into further sub-types that vary based on how their

1379:

On August 3, 2016, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) formally announced that sport climbing would be a medal sport in the 2020 Summer Olympics. The event debut was postponed to 2021, due to

697:

without falling. Rock climbing is a physically and mentally demanding sport, one that often tests a climber's strength, endurance, agility and balance along with mental control. Knowledge of proper

1175:

or adapted use of a belay device), up the route from the top. If bolts have been clipped or traditional gear placements have been made, it is the job of the climber to collect and clean the route.

1834:

represents climbers and their interest of public access to crags, cliffs and boulders. In Europe there are different rules in different countries regarding the rights of landowners and climbers.

1075:

The climbing rope is of a fixed length; the climber can only climb the length of the rope. Routes longer than the rope length are broken up into several segments called pitches; this is known as

990:

Deep-water soloing (or psicobloc) is similar to free soloing in that the climber is unprotected and without a rope, but should the climber fall, it is into deep water instead of onto the ground.

1329:

Just before the First World War, there was a so-called "Mauerhakenstreit" (German: the Great Piton Debate of 1911) in Central Europe regarding the use of aids in climbing and mountaineering.

1482:

A protruding hold that is typically smooth like a sloper. These are held by wrapping your arm, or entire palm around the hold. The more surface area you have on this hold the better.

4207: 1826:

in many cases, often after land ownership transfers and previous access permission is withdrawn. In the U.S. the climbing community responded to access closures by forming the

4202: 144: 708:

Because of the wide range and variety of rock formations around the world, rock climbing has been separated into several different styles and sub-disciplines, such as

938:

Climbing on short, low routes without the use of the safety rope that is typical of most other styles. Protection, if used at all, typically consists of a cushioned

1576:

which are often of a smaller size than their normal street shoes in order to improve sensitivity towards foot placements and use the tightness to their advantage.

2686:

For example with regard to the legal situation in Austria: Michael Malaniuk "Österreichisches Bergsportrecht (German: Austrian mountain sports law)" (2000), p 89.

1783:(Ayers Rock) is sacred to local indigenous communities and climbing is banned. Elsewhere in Australia, many formerly popular climbing routes in areas such as the 2647: 1220:

Face climbing is a type of climbing where climbers use features and irregularities in the rock such as finger pockets and edges to ascend a vertical rock face.

1933:

The most significant form of vandalism directly attributable to rock climbers is the alteration of the climbing surface to render it more climber-friendly.

4254: 3221: 4266: 1889:

nesting since the two activities often take place on the same precipitous cliffs. Many climbing area land managers institute nesting season closures of

823:

As routes get higher off the ground, the increased risk of life-threatening injuries necessitates additional safety measures. A variety of specialized

1357:

that were considered impossible without such means. However, climbing techniques, equipment and ethical considerations have evolved steadily. Today,

1302:. Rock climbing evolved gradually from an alpine necessity to a distinct athletic activity. From the middle of the 19th century, the founder of the 1349:, climbing using equipment that acts as artificial handhold or footholds, became popular during the period 1920–1960, leading to ascents in the 3209: 2366: 1704:

are widely used in rock climbing. Many of them are found in climbing and mountaineering guidebooks such as those published by Rockfax, or the

1445:

placing different kinds of holds in specific parts of the wall at particular angles because they intend climbers to use certain techniques.

2758:

Dolan, Timothy. "Fixed Anchors and the Wilderness Act: Is the Adventure Over." University of San Francisco Law Review 34.2 (2000): 355–378.

2493: 3194: 2519: 1323: 901:

ropes and protection are used to back up the climber and are passive as opposed to active ascending aids. Sub-types of free climbing are

223: 4248: 4217: 2026: 661: 3243: 3238: 761:

A fundamental distinction in rock climbing is whether the climber used artificial aid to help them ascend the route, which is called

247: 4953: 4360: 2289: 2049: 1488:

A pinch can either be used vertically or horizontally. With a pinch hold, the muscles between the index finger and thumb are used.

1298:, it is generally thought that the sport of rock climbing began in the last quarter of the nineteenth century in various parts of 2734: 2573: 2546: 1874:

is a style of rock climbing which seeks to minimize some of the aesthetically damaging side effects of some techniques used in

1646:

were used however in most areas protection which damages the rock is discouraged. Most climbers choose to wear a specialized

89: 2009: 1513:

A gap between two opposing walls that a climber can jam their fingers, fist, or other body parts in to pull themselves up.

61: 5015: 3204: 2265:

Very detailed and precise (German): Nicholas Mailänder "Die Ursprünge des Freikletterns" In: Bergsteigen (2016/01) p 149.

784:

A free climb by a climber who had never seen the route before, and had never been told about its challenges (called the

5113: 2853: 2822: 2803: 2342: 2312: 2209: 2091: 2058: 1940:

in climbing is more often a disagreement with land managers over the appropriateness of drilling and placing permanent

812:—climbing using one's own physical strength, with equipment used solely as protection and not as support—as opposed to 1794:

Indigenous peoples are not the only cultures that object to climbing on certain rock formations. Professional climber

1584:

is commonly used as a drying agent to minimize sweating of the hands. Most other equipment is of a protective nature.

3189: 3174: 1587:

Rock climbing is inherently dangerous, so to minimize the potential consequences resulting from a fall, climbers use

213: 108: 68: 5033: 2243: 2107: 1612:

which are used to catch a falling climber, hold or lower a climber and for rappelling. Eventually, the placement of

1669:

symptoms, if ignored, may lead to permanent damage especially to tendons, tendon sheaths, ligaments, and capsules.

2697: 2004: 1852:" practices, rock climbing is sometimes damaging to the environment. Common environmental damages include: soil 1082:

In either case, upon completion of a route, climbers can walk back down if an alternate descent path exists, or

4326: 4187: 2784: 2411: 2388: 1831: 1784: 1765: 1730: 1705: 1403: 654: 75: 46: 42: 2178: 2160: 1178: 1756:

sites. The potential threat to these resources has led to climbing restrictions and closures in places like

4353: 4117: 3494: 1868:" practice is something that cannot be obtained without proper knowledge of what types of traces to avoid. 1631: 1284:

exploits. In the 1880s, European rock climbing became an independent pursuit outside of mountain climbing.

1041: 129: 57: 5050: 1376:

have also been created in order to compare more accurately the relative difficulties of the rock climbs.

1061:

learn from experienced climbers and participate in training sessions before lead climbing on their own.

5108: 3489: 3255: 1439: 1143: 259: 157: 4879: 4846: 4314: 4177: 3539: 1917:

due to the risk of damage to the rock face. In such cases, climbers use knotted slings and ropes for

1147: 1028: 922: 831:

exists to provide that safety. Climbers will usually work in pairs and utilize a system of ropes and

647: 909:. Free climbing is generally done as "clean lead" meaning no pitons or pins are used as protection. 4818: 4092: 4087: 3233: 1925:

permanent damage but it also leaves a very large burn mark that most non-climbers would object to.

1259: 796:. A free climb where the climber had to attempt the route many times before ascending is called a 605: 242: 4346: 4222: 4017: 3992: 3883: 3876: 3281: 3184: 3139: 1994: 1567: 1410: 497: 35: 1310:, researched and made known the Dolomites. He was followed there by many other climbers such as 1264: 5103: 4132: 4042: 3685: 3438: 3294: 3226: 2846: 2135: 1468:

A hold that has a hole in it with just enough room for one or two fingers to fit inside of it.

1307: 856: 557: 235: 4192: 2523: 1788: 197: 4495: 4167: 4082: 3584: 3450: 1588: 1330: 724: 2201: 4836: 4662: 4530: 4197: 4182: 4172: 3423: 3389: 3169: 2943: 2921: 2914: 2902: 2428: 1803: 1733:. Native American cultural concerns also led to complete climbing closures at Cave Rock at 1650:

to protect them from falling rocks or equipment or head injuries from crashing into rocks.

1627: 1110: 1076: 1070: 331: 309: 302: 290: 166: 162: 125: 82: 1634:, which allowed a wider variety of climbing styles to be adequately protected compared to 1101:

anchors which are attached to the rock walls. This is separate from bolted trad climbing.

8: 4763: 4690: 4590: 4585: 4553: 4072: 3890: 3869: 3772: 3714: 3709: 3668: 3643: 3566: 3472: 3394: 3306: 3047: 1918: 1315: 999: 824: 797: 770: 690: 567: 545: 2275: 1052:. Indoor gyms might have short runners pre-attached to fixed anchor points in the wall. 4894: 4657: 4212: 3794: 3762: 3433: 3416: 3272: 3250: 3216: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2360: 1414: 1396: 1048:; this limits the length of a potential fall. The leader also may clip into pre-placed 985: 828: 702: 698: 627: 572: 353: 348: 343: 230: 121: 4707: 1494:

A crimp hold allows climbers to use their fingertips to grab edges; the fingers arch.

917: 5084: 4652: 4400: 4302: 4285: 4227: 4022: 3950: 3925: 3911: 3904: 3719: 3621: 3521: 3301: 2972: 2897: 2839: 2818: 2799: 2780: 2738: 2407: 2384: 2348: 2338: 2308: 2205: 2194: 2172: 2087: 2084:

Traditional Lead Climbing: A Rock Climber's Guide to Taking the Sharp End of the Rope

2064: 2054: 2021: 1659: 832: 817: 778: 737: 600: 590: 360: 285: 181: 170: 2621: 2577: 2550: 1425:

Climbing grades simplified. There are many other grades but these are the most used.

1019: 4943: 4927: 4917: 4884: 4695: 4568: 4415: 4162: 4097: 4077: 4052: 4037: 3804: 3782: 3658: 3401: 3037: 2773: 1989: 1976: 1746: 1639: 1635: 1608:

which are used for clipping into belay and rappel anchors and connecting gear, and

1601: 1392: 1373: 1303: 860: 793: 632: 612: 408: 398: 252: 5067: 4973: 4958: 4813: 4780: 4640: 4290: 4157: 4102: 4057: 4032: 4002: 3787: 3757: 3680: 3675: 3534: 3482: 3406: 3367: 3340: 3025: 2998: 1962: 1941: 1798:

kicked off a major controversy when he ignored long-accepted convention to scale

1738: 1701: 1665: 1647: 1613: 1543: 1362: 1354: 1056:

top-rope and this is one of the main reasons lead climbing can be dangerous. The

1049: 785: 622: 381: 2600: 4983: 4874: 4858: 4841: 4702: 4635: 4628: 4618: 4338: 4149: 4122: 4027: 3997: 3862: 3809: 3752: 3747: 3697: 3638: 3574: 3445: 3428: 3345: 3179: 3144: 3109: 3104: 3059: 3017: 2988: 2938: 2926: 2467: 1871: 1865: 1849: 1843: 1621: 1291: 1281: 1244: 1200: 1095: 1045: 939: 906: 773:

are not considered aid. Climbers who ascend a new route using aid have made a

750: 717: 694: 686: 617: 562: 507: 467: 462: 386: 371: 326: 314: 218: 2352: 2136:"What Is Slab Climbing Technique? ~ Tips to Improve for Indoor and Bouldering" 1334: 792:. Where they had never seen it but had been given beta on it, it is called a 5097: 4993: 4806: 4712: 4465: 4430: 4420: 4385: 4369: 4112: 4012: 3957: 3918: 3817: 3767: 3742: 3653: 3506: 3362: 3328: 3149: 3124: 3003: 2993: 2950: 2933: 2720:

Doytchev, B. "THE IMPACT OF MOUNTAINEERING AND CLIMBING ON THE ENVIRONMENT."

2068: 1999: 1894: 1875: 1799: 1722: 1592: 1573: 1358: 1319: 1311: 1288: 1229: 1215: 1014: 952: 926: 902: 895: 848: 809: 766: 733: 540: 512: 502: 482: 338: 321: 3626: 1191:

Different types of rock require different techniques to successfully climb.

4978: 4968: 4963: 4889: 4851: 4775: 4753: 4685: 4623: 4580: 4558: 4472: 4445: 4435: 4425: 4410: 4405: 4390: 4232: 4127: 4007: 3943: 3822: 3777: 3384: 3372: 3333: 3318: 3129: 3054: 3042: 2892: 1886: 1879: 1693: 1609: 1346: 1339: 1172: 970: 872: 813: 774: 762: 595: 487: 415: 403: 280: 2494:"Climb Assist Beta Provides 3D Topo Maps of Popular Climbing Destinations" 2406:. Guilford, Connecticut; Helena, Montana: Falcon Publishing. p. 151. 1791:

have been closed or partially closed due to indigenous cultural concerns.

1596: 1529: 4988: 4770: 4758: 4722: 4717: 4563: 4548: 4538: 4477: 4455: 4395: 4067: 4062: 3799: 3692: 3591: 3377: 3311: 3134: 3114: 3076: 3064: 3030: 2225: 2112: 1827: 1823: 1795: 1757: 1057: 492: 472: 432: 420: 391: 777:(FA), whereas climbers who do it without aid have made the more coveted 4801: 4743: 4738: 4669: 4575: 4543: 4515: 4505: 4487: 4440: 4377: 3648: 3529: 3462: 3323: 3094: 3071: 2909: 2648:"Arches National Park Developing Formal Climbing and Canyoneering Plan" 2522:. U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service. Archived from 2442: 2256:

Horst Christoph "Held mit 15 Haken" In: Der Standard, 28 February 2013.

1734: 1617: 1605: 1471: 1462:

A negative smooth hold, typically in the shape of a ball or half moon.

1276:

in the 12th century are thought to have been excellent climbers. Early

1136: 1040:

to clip the rope into intermediate points of protection such as active

933: 844: 840: 729: 713: 709: 452: 427: 297: 2403:

Training for Climbing: The Definitive Guide to Improving Your Climbing

2401: 4912: 4613: 4500: 4450: 3971: 3964: 3832: 3827: 3737: 3702: 3616: 3561: 3467: 3411: 3350: 3099: 1937: 1819: 1776: 1726: 1516: 1280:

climbers used rock climbing techniques to reach the summits in their

1132: 1083: 1037: 530: 457: 1150:. Top roping is the most accessible style of climbing for beginners. 1036:

without undue slack. As the leader progresses they use a runner and

788:), and completes their ascent on the first attempt, it is called an 24: 4998: 4904: 4605: 4520: 4510: 4047: 3897: 3633: 3596: 3554: 3544: 2862: 1753: 1742: 1421: 1409:

The most commonly used rating systems in the United States are the

1380: 1366: 958: 682: 552: 535: 189: 2598: 2161:"What Is Slab Climbing? + 7 Exciting Slab Climbing Technique Tips" 839:

systems are set up. Generally speaking, beginners will start with

4748: 4595: 4460: 3663: 3549: 3499: 3355: 3119: 1853: 1815: 1696:

region of Spain, by climber Chris Craggs from a Rockfax guidebook

1273: 789: 477: 2544: 1681: 4948: 3511: 3477: 2622:"Uluru climbing ban: Tourists scale sacred rock for final time" 2520:"Devils Tower National Monument Final Climbing Management Plan" 1906: 1902: 1882:

by avoiding using equipment such as pitons, which damage rock.

1299: 1277: 881: 2669: 689:

formations or indoor climbing walls. The goal is to reach the

5009: 4260: 4107: 3579: 3457: 3289: 1914: 1898: 1890: 1780: 1769: 1761: 1721:

Some areas that are popular for climbing, for example in the

1686: 1643: 1577: 1121: 836: 678: 4261:

Union Internationale des Associations de Guides de Montagnes

1818:

exist on private land. Some people within the rock climbing

4922: 2831: 1350: 1295: 133: 1558:

increase the difficulty and danger on any climbing route.

4796: 2108:"Slab Climbing Guide: 5 Popular Slab Climbing Techniques" 1802:

in 2006, resulting in strict new climbing regulations in

1572:

Most climbers choose to wear specialized rubber climbing

2307:. Washington: The Mountaineers Books. pp. 286–287. 808:

Most of the climbing done in modern times is considered

693:

of a formation or the endpoint of a usually pre-defined

1848:

Although many climbers adhere to "minimal impact" and "

2046: 4203:

Federación Española de Deportes de Montaña y Escalada

2545:

Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit (17 February 2008).

2517: 1287:

Although rock climbing was an important component of

4255:

International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation

4208:

Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade

2599:

Texas Park and Wildlife Department (December 1999).

1952: 4267:

Union of International Mountain Leader Associations

2698:"The Hidden Environmental Impact of Climbing Chalk" 2601:"Review of the Public Use Plan for Hueco Tanks SHP" 2278:. International Federation of Sport Climbing. 2020. 2244:"Mauerhaken Streit: The Great Piton Debate of 1911" 2192:Kidd, Timothy W. Kidd; Hazelrigs, Jennifer (2009). 1549:and ensure that new climbers know safe techniques. 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2772: 2193: 1456:A large open hold. Typically in the shape of a V. 1182:Climber with climbing gear attached at his harness 161:A rock climber approaches a roof while leading a 5095: 4368: 1186: 2645: 2549:. United States Forest Service. Archived from 2547:"Cave Rock Climbing Closure Becomes Permanent" 2086:(2nd ed.). Wilderness Press. p. 11. 2053:(8th ed.). Swan Hill Press. p. 592. 1752:Climbing activities can sometimes encroach on 705:is crucial for the safe completion of routes. 4354: 2847: 2226:"Zahllose interessante Exponate • DoloMythos" 2191: 655: 2574:"Climbing Shiprock: Going Up On Native Land" 2571: 2793: 2167:. Archived from the original on 2021-11-07. 2081: 1913:climbing gear is banned altogether at some 1591:. The most basic protective equipment is a 4361: 4347: 4249:International Federation of Sport Climbing 2854: 2840: 2770: 2365:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2027:International Federation of Sport Climbing 1716: 1475:Woman using a negative sloper as main hold 662: 648: 957:Solo climbing, or soloing, is a style of 803: 800:, and most major new FFAs are redpoints. 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 2050:Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills 1680: 1528: 1520:Climber using an edge to pull herself up 1515: 1470: 1420: 1263: 1177: 1131: 1018: 979: 916: 880: 156: 139: 120: 2735:"Flatirons Climbing, wildlife closures" 2518:Rocky Mountain Region (February 1995). 2491: 2302: 1837: 1104: 1064: 765:; where they used no aid, it is called 5096: 2779:(3rd ed.). Helena, Mont: Falcon. 2426: 2040: 4342: 2835: 2399: 2381:Rock Climbing: Mastering Basic Skills 2332: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2305:Rock Climbing: Mastering Basic Skills 2134:Casar, Alex "Don Loro" (2021-07-10). 2133: 1664:Injuries in rock climbing are mainly 1272:In early America, the cliff-dwelling 5016: 4309: 2812: 2695: 2492:Arvesen, Amelia (17 February 2020). 2010:Glossary of knots common in climbing 1160:(position before starting the climb) 1127: 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 4321: 2468:"Behind the scenes: BMC guidebooks" 1809: 961:in which the climber climbs alone. 720:, and trad (traditional) climbing. 13: 2764: 2321: 1386: 14: 5125: 4218:South African Climbing Federation 2290:"Olympic Games postponed to 2021" 1885:Climbing can also interfere with 1448: 1089: 885:Man sport climbing under overhang 5076: 5059: 5042: 5025: 4320: 4308: 4297: 4296: 4284: 3190:IFSC World Championships winners 2337:(Third ed.). Guilford, CT. 2158: 1969: 1955: 1500:A sharp corner or vertical edge 1268:Climbing in Germany, circa 1965. 1044:, or passive protection such as 1008: 946: 889: 196: 23: 2798:(3rd ed.). Falcon Guides. 2752: 2727: 2714: 2689: 2680: 2662: 2646:Kurt Repanshek (15 July 2010). 2639: 2614: 2592: 2565: 2538: 2511: 2485: 2460: 2435: 2420: 2393: 2373: 2296: 2282: 2268: 2259: 2047:The Mountaineers Books (2010). 1524: 866: 34:needs additional citations for 4188:British Mountaineering Council 2250: 2236: 2218: 2200:. Human Kinetics 10%. p. 2185: 2152: 2127: 2100: 2075: 1893:known to be used by protected 1832:British Mountaineering Council 1766:City of Rocks National Reserve 1731:Devils Tower National Monument 1711: 1706:British Mountaineering Council 1676: 1433: 743: 1: 2034: 1165: 993: 912: 4370:Extreme and adventure sports 2861: 2696:Allf, Bradley (2021-04-22). 1928: 1632:spring-loaded camming device 1561: 1187:Techniques for rock climbing 1023:Leader belays the second on 964: 685:up, across, or down natural 7: 2082:Pesterfield, Heidi (2011). 1948: 1653: 859:class III–IV, or multi-day 701:and the use of specialized 10: 5130: 2722:Trakia Journal of Sciences 2276:"Olympic Games Tokyo 2020" 1841: 1657: 1565: 1552: 1541: 1440:Glossary of climbing terms 1437: 1390: 1257: 1253: 1242: 1227: 1213: 1198: 1144:Morialta Conservation Park 1108: 1093: 1068: 1012: 997: 983: 968: 950: 931: 893: 870: 5114:Mountaineering techniques 4936: 4903: 4867: 4847:Aggressive inline skating 4829: 4789: 4731: 4678: 4604: 4529: 4486: 4376: 4280: 4241: 4178:Appalachian Mountain Club 4148: 4141: 3985: 3935: 3854: 3847: 3730: 3609: 3520: 3280: 3271: 3264: 3162: 3087: 3016: 2981: 2885: 2876: 2869: 2650:. National Parks Traveler 2335:Learning to climb indoors 2177:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1537: 1326:with many first ascents. 1148:Adelaide, South Australia 1029:Joshua Tree National Park 923:Joshua Tree National Park 847:and work their way up to 753:that is being attempted. 4093:Mountain Safety Research 4088:Mountain Equipment Co-op 2429:"Taping finger injuries" 1260:History of rock climbing 1238: 1194: 769:. Devices used only for 756: 4223:South Tyrol Alpine Club 4018:Eastern Mountain Sports 3884:Canadian Alpine Journal 3877:American Alpine Journal 3140:Roof and tunnel hacking 2817:(in Chinese). 电子工业出版社. 2400:Hörst, Eric J. (2003). 2333:Hörst, Eric J. (2019). 2303:Luebben, Craig (2004). 1995:List of climbing topics 1717:Cultural considerations 1568:Rock-climbing equipment 1533:An indoor climbing wall 1411:Yosemite Decimal System 1223: 1209: 4043:Holubar Mountaineering 3855:Magazines and journals 3185:IFSC World Cup winners 2576:. GORP. Archived from 2427:Holmes, David (2018). 2005:Climbing organizations 1814:Many significant rock 1697: 1534: 1521: 1476: 1426: 1413:and the Hueco V-scale 1363:sub-styles of climbing 1314:, Edward R. Whitwell, 1269: 1183: 1173:Italian / Munter Hitch 1151: 1032: 929: 886: 804:Types of rock climbing 681:in which participants 174: 154: 137: 4723:Parachuting/Skydiving 4168:Alpine Club of Canada 4078:Marmot Mountain Works 4033:GERRY Mountain Sports 2796:Training for Climbing 2246:. September 29, 2020. 2140:The Wandering Climber 1936:Today, the charge of 1684: 1532: 1519: 1507:changed by a volume. 1474: 1424: 1267: 1181: 1135: 1022: 980:Deep-water solo (DWS) 920: 884: 725:climbing competitions 160: 152: 124: 4837:Freestyle scootering 4663:Traditional climbing 4198:Club Alpino Italiano 4183:Austrian Alpine Club 4173:American Alpine Club 2794:Horst, Eric (2016). 2383:, 2004, Washington. 1985:Lists and glossaries 1838:Environmental impact 1822:have been guilty of 1804:Arches National Park 1628:Traditional climbers 1578:Climbing chalk (MgCO 1111:Traditional climbing 1105:Traditional climbing 1086:down with the rope. 1077:multi-pitch climbing 1071:Multi-pitch climbing 1065:Multi-pitch climbing 43:improve this article 4764:Powered paragliding 4591:Whitewater kayaking 4586:Whitewater canoeing 4193:Club Alpin Français 3567:Mountaineering boot 3180:Piolet d'Or winners 2771:Long, John (1998). 2580:on 19 February 2008 2526:on 23 February 2008 1919:climbing protection 1620:led to the rise of 1316:Michael Innerkofler 1000:Roped solo climbing 825:climbing techniques 771:climbing protection 699:climbing techniques 219:Piolet d'Or winners 128:leading a route in 126:Traditional climber 4895:Ski mountaineering 4658:Free solo climbing 4596:Whitewater rafting 4213:German Alpine Club 2775:How to Rock Climb! 2572:Cameron M. Burns. 2553:on 19 October 2008 2292:. Tokyo2020. 2020. 2017:Related activities 1764:, and portions of 1698: 1535: 1522: 1477: 1427: 1397:Grade (bouldering) 1270: 1184: 1154:Commonly known as 1152: 1033: 986:Deep-water soloing 930: 887: 829:climbing equipment 703:climbing equipment 175: 155: 138: 5109:Types of climbing 5007: 5006: 4653:Big wall climbing 4401:Kite landboarding 4336: 4335: 4276: 4275: 4228:Swiss Alpine Club 3981: 3980: 3936:Non-fiction films 3912:Planinski Vestnik 3905:Himalayan Journal 3843: 3842: 3605: 3604: 3234:Historical events 3205:Eight-thousanders 3158: 3157: 3012: 3011: 2022:Outdoor education 1660:Climbing injuries 1415:bouldering grade. 1128:Top rope climbing 779:first free ascent 672: 671: 253:Eight-thousanders 243:Historical events 171:Custer State Park 150: 119: 118: 111: 93: 5121: 5089: 5081: 5080: 5079: 5072: 5064: 5063: 5062: 5055: 5047: 5046: 5045: 5038: 5030: 5029: 5028: 5018: 4944:Adventure racing 4918:Extreme sledding 4885:Freestyle skiing 4696:Ski-BASE jumping 4569:Technical diving 4416:Mountainboarding 4363: 4356: 4349: 4340: 4339: 4324: 4323: 4312: 4311: 4300: 4299: 4288: 4146: 4145: 4098:Outdoor Research 3852: 3851: 3278: 3277: 3269: 3268: 3239:Grade milestones 3048:Expedition style 2883: 2882: 2874: 2873: 2856: 2849: 2842: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2815:攀岩是个技术活–攀岩实用技术指南 2809: 2790: 2778: 2759: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2746: 2737:. Archived from 2731: 2725: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2708: 2693: 2687: 2684: 2678: 2677: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2643: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2633: 2618: 2612: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2542: 2536: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2515: 2509: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2498:www.climbing.com 2489: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2472:www.thebmc.co.uk 2464: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2439: 2433: 2432: 2431:. KletterRetter. 2424: 2418: 2417: 2397: 2391: 2379:Luebben, Craig, 2377: 2371: 2370: 2364: 2356: 2330: 2319: 2318: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2286: 2280: 2279: 2272: 2266: 2263: 2257: 2254: 2248: 2247: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2199: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2176: 2168: 2156: 2150: 2149: 2147: 2146: 2131: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2121: 2104: 2098: 2097: 2079: 2073: 2072: 2044: 1990:List of climbers 1979: 1977:Mountains portal 1974: 1973: 1972: 1965: 1960: 1959: 1958: 1878:and more often, 1810:Private property 1747:Canyon de Chelly 1642:. Traditionally 1616:with the use of 1393:Grade (climbing) 1031:, United States. 1025:Illusion Dweller 664: 657: 650: 409:Expedition style 248:Grade milestones 200: 177: 176: 173:, United States. 151: 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 5129: 5128: 5124: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5119: 5118: 5094: 5093: 5092: 5088:from Wikivoyage 5082: 5077: 5075: 5065: 5060: 5058: 5048: 5043: 5041: 5037:from Wiktionary 5031: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5017:sister projects 5014:at Knowledge's 5008: 5003: 4974:Obstacle racing 4959:Extreme ironing 4932: 4899: 4863: 4825: 4814:Mountain biking 4785: 4781:Wingsuit flying 4727: 4674: 4641:Alpine climbing 4600: 4525: 4482: 4372: 4367: 4337: 4332: 4272: 4237: 4137: 4003:Cascade Designs 3977: 3931: 3839: 3726: 3601: 3535:Abalakov thread 3516: 3260: 3154: 3083: 3008: 2977: 2961:Deep-water solo 2865: 2860: 2825: 2806: 2787: 2767: 2765:Further reading 2762: 2757: 2753: 2744: 2742: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2719: 2715: 2706: 2704: 2694: 2690: 2685: 2681: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2653: 2651: 2644: 2640: 2631: 2629: 2620: 2619: 2615: 2605: 2603: 2597: 2593: 2583: 2581: 2570: 2566: 2556: 2554: 2543: 2539: 2529: 2527: 2516: 2512: 2502: 2500: 2490: 2486: 2476: 2474: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2451: 2449: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2425: 2421: 2414: 2398: 2394: 2378: 2374: 2358: 2357: 2345: 2331: 2322: 2315: 2301: 2297: 2288: 2287: 2283: 2274: 2273: 2269: 2264: 2260: 2255: 2251: 2242: 2241: 2237: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2212: 2190: 2186: 2170: 2169: 2157: 2153: 2144: 2142: 2132: 2128: 2119: 2117: 2106: 2105: 2101: 2094: 2080: 2076: 2061: 2045: 2041: 2037: 1975: 1970: 1968: 1963:Climbing portal 1961: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1931: 1846: 1840: 1812: 1779:, the monolith 1739:Monument Valley 1719: 1714: 1679: 1666:sports injuries 1662: 1656: 1648:climbing helmet 1581: 1570: 1564: 1555: 1546: 1544:Indoor climbing 1540: 1527: 1451: 1442: 1436: 1399: 1391:Main articles: 1389: 1387:Grading systems 1374:grading systems 1369:configuration. 1355:Yosemite Valley 1262: 1256: 1247: 1241: 1232: 1226: 1218: 1212: 1203: 1197: 1189: 1168: 1130: 1115:Traditional or 1113: 1107: 1098: 1092: 1084:rappel (abseil) 1073: 1067: 1017: 1011: 1002: 996: 988: 982: 973: 967: 955: 949: 936: 915: 898: 892: 875: 869: 806: 759: 746: 668: 639: 577: 517: 439: 365: 349:Deep-water solo 264: 140: 115: 104: 98: 95: 58:"Rock climbing" 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5127: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5091: 5090: 5073: 5071:from Wikibooks 5056: 5039: 5010: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4954:Cheese rolling 4951: 4946: 4940: 4938: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4909: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4875:Extreme skiing 4871: 4869: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4861: 4859:Roller skating 4856: 4855: 4854: 4849: 4842:Inline skating 4839: 4833: 4831: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4823: 4822: 4821: 4811: 4810: 4809: 4804: 4793: 4791: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4767: 4766: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4735: 4733: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4703:Bungee jumping 4700: 4699: 4698: 4693: 4682: 4680: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4672: 4667: 4666: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4645: 4644: 4643: 4636:Mountaineering 4633: 4632: 4631: 4629:Mixed climbing 4621: 4619:Crane climbing 4616: 4610: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4572: 4571: 4566: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4535: 4533: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4492: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4469: 4468: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4382: 4380: 4374: 4373: 4366: 4365: 4358: 4351: 4343: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4330: 4318: 4306: 4294: 4281: 4278: 4277: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4245: 4243: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4154: 4152: 4143: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4123:The North Face 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4053:Sierra Designs 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4028:Frostline Kits 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3989: 3987: 3983: 3982: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3975: 3968: 3961: 3954: 3947: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3932: 3930: 3929: 3922: 3919:Rock & Ice 3915: 3908: 3901: 3894: 3887: 3880: 3873: 3866: 3863:Alpine Journal 3858: 3856: 3849: 3845: 3844: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3837: 3836: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3791: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3753:Climbing route 3750: 3745: 3740: 3734: 3732: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3722: 3712: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3698:Simul-climbing 3695: 3690: 3689: 3688: 3683: 3673: 3672: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3639:Front pointing 3636: 3631: 3630: 3629: 3624: 3613: 3611: 3607: 3606: 3603: 3602: 3600: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3575:Avalanche cord 3569: 3564: 3559: 3558: 3557: 3547: 3542: 3540:Bottled oxygen 3537: 3532: 3526: 3524: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3503: 3502: 3492: 3487: 3486: 3485: 3480: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3443: 3442: 3441: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3420: 3419: 3414: 3404: 3399: 3398: 3397: 3387: 3382: 3381: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3360: 3359: 3358: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3337: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3316: 3315: 3314: 3304: 3299: 3298: 3297: 3286: 3284: 3275: 3266: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3247: 3246: 3241: 3231: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3214: 3213: 3212: 3207: 3199: 3198: 3197: 3195:IFSC victories 3192: 3187: 3182: 3172: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3084: 3082: 3081: 3080: 3079: 3069: 3068: 3067: 3062: 3052: 3051: 3050: 3045: 3035: 3034: 3033: 3022: 3020: 3018:Mountaineering 3014: 3013: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2975: 2970: 2969: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2948: 2947: 2946: 2941: 2931: 2930: 2929: 2919: 2918: 2917: 2907: 2906: 2905: 2895: 2889: 2887: 2880: 2871: 2867: 2866: 2859: 2858: 2851: 2844: 2836: 2830: 2829: 2824:978-7121373053 2823: 2810: 2805:978-1493017614 2804: 2791: 2785: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2760: 2751: 2726: 2713: 2688: 2679: 2661: 2638: 2626:BBC World News 2613: 2591: 2564: 2537: 2510: 2484: 2459: 2443:"Publications" 2434: 2419: 2412: 2392: 2372: 2344:978-1493043101 2343: 2320: 2314:978-0898867435 2313: 2295: 2281: 2267: 2258: 2249: 2235: 2217: 2211:978-1450409001 2210: 2184: 2151: 2126: 2099: 2093:978-0899975597 2092: 2074: 2060:978-1594851384 2059: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2032: 2031: 2030: 2029: 2024: 2014: 2013: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1981: 1980: 1966: 1950: 1947: 1930: 1927: 1872:Clean climbing 1866:leave no trace 1850:leave no trace 1844:Clean climbing 1842:Main article: 1839: 1836: 1811: 1808: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1685:Topo image of 1678: 1675: 1658:Main article: 1655: 1652: 1630:developed the 1622:sport climbing 1579: 1566:Main article: 1563: 1560: 1554: 1551: 1542:Main article: 1539: 1536: 1526: 1523: 1492:Crimp/Crimper: 1450: 1449:Types of holds 1447: 1438:Main article: 1435: 1432: 1388: 1385: 1292:mountaineering 1282:mountaineering 1258:Main article: 1255: 1252: 1245:Simul climbing 1243:Main article: 1240: 1237: 1228:Main article: 1225: 1222: 1214:Main article: 1211: 1208: 1201:Crack climbing 1199:Main article: 1196: 1193: 1188: 1185: 1167: 1164: 1129: 1126: 1109:Main article: 1106: 1103: 1096:Sport climbing 1094:Main article: 1091: 1090:Sport climbing 1088: 1069:Main article: 1066: 1063: 1013:Main article: 1010: 1007: 998:Main article: 995: 992: 984:Main article: 981: 978: 969:Main article: 966: 963: 951:Main article: 948: 945: 940:bouldering pad 932:Main article: 921:Bouldering in 914: 911: 907:sport climbing 894:Main article: 891: 888: 871:Main article: 868: 865: 863:IV–VI climbs. 805: 802: 758: 755: 751:climbing route 745: 742: 718:sport climbing 670: 669: 667: 666: 659: 652: 644: 641: 640: 638: 637: 636: 635: 630: 625: 615: 610: 609: 608: 603: 593: 587: 584: 583: 579: 578: 576: 575: 570: 565: 563:Simul climbing 560: 555: 550: 549: 548: 538: 533: 527: 524: 523: 519: 518: 516: 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 449: 446: 445: 441: 440: 438: 437: 436: 435: 425: 424: 423: 413: 412: 411: 406: 396: 395: 394: 389: 378: 375: 374: 372:mountaineering 367: 366: 364: 363: 358: 357: 356: 351: 346: 336: 335: 334: 329: 319: 318: 317: 307: 306: 305: 295: 294: 293: 283: 277: 274: 273: 266: 265: 263: 262: 257: 256: 255: 250: 240: 239: 238: 228: 227: 226: 224:IFSC victories 221: 210: 207: 206: 202: 201: 193: 192: 186: 185: 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5126: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5104:Rock climbing 5102: 5101: 5099: 5087: 5086: 5085:Travel guides 5074: 5070: 5069: 5057: 5053: 5052: 5040: 5036: 5035: 5023: 5022: 5019: 5013: 5012:Rock climbing 5000: 4997: 4995: 4994:Ultramarathon 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4935: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4866: 4860: 4857: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4828: 4820: 4817: 4816: 4815: 4812: 4808: 4807:Freestyle BMX 4805: 4803: 4800: 4799: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4788: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4730: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4713:Cliff jumping 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4687: 4684: 4683: 4681: 4677: 4671: 4668: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4650: 4649: 4648:Rock climbing 4646: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4528: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4485: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4467: 4466:River surfing 4464: 4463: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4456:Street luging 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4431:Skateboarding 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4421:Riverboarding 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4386:Bellyboarding 4384: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4364: 4359: 4357: 4352: 4350: 4345: 4344: 4341: 4329: 4328: 4319: 4317: 4316: 4307: 4305: 4304: 4295: 4293: 4292: 4287: 4283: 4282: 4279: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4253: 4250: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4242:International 4240: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4147: 4144: 4142:Organizations 4140: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4013:Early Winters 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3993:Black Diamond 3991: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3967: 3966: 3962: 3960: 3959: 3958:The Dawn Wall 3955: 3953: 3952: 3948: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3923: 3921: 3920: 3916: 3914: 3913: 3909: 3907: 3906: 3902: 3900: 3899: 3895: 3893: 3892: 3888: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3879: 3878: 3874: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3865: 3864: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3850: 3846: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3818:Bachar ladder 3816: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3768:Climbing wall 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3755: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3743:Approach shoe 3741: 3739: 3736: 3735: 3733: 3729: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3704: 3701: 3700: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3677: 3674: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3656: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3608: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3519: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3501: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3475: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3437: 3436: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3365: 3364: 3363:Climbing rope 3361: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3321: 3320: 3317: 3313: 3310: 3309: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3291: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3270: 3267: 3263: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3245: 3244:First ascents 3242: 3240: 3237: 3236: 3235: 3232: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3219: 3218: 3215: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3177: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3078: 3075: 3074: 3073: 3070: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3056: 3053: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3040: 3039: 3036: 3032: 3029: 3028: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2952: 2949: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2935: 2932: 2928: 2925: 2924: 2923: 2920: 2916: 2913: 2912: 2911: 2908: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2878:Rock climbing 2875: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2857: 2852: 2850: 2845: 2843: 2838: 2837: 2834: 2826: 2820: 2816: 2813:岩时攀岩 (2019). 2811: 2807: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2788: 2782: 2777: 2776: 2769: 2768: 2755: 2741:on 2008-12-05 2740: 2736: 2730: 2723: 2717: 2703: 2699: 2692: 2683: 2675: 2671: 2665: 2649: 2642: 2627: 2623: 2617: 2602: 2595: 2579: 2575: 2568: 2552: 2548: 2541: 2525: 2521: 2514: 2499: 2495: 2488: 2473: 2469: 2463: 2448: 2444: 2438: 2430: 2423: 2415: 2409: 2405: 2404: 2396: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2376: 2368: 2362: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2340: 2336: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2316: 2310: 2306: 2299: 2291: 2285: 2277: 2271: 2262: 2253: 2245: 2239: 2231: 2227: 2221: 2213: 2207: 2203: 2198: 2197: 2196:Rock Climbing 2188: 2180: 2174: 2166: 2165:trekamaze.com 2162: 2159:Saha, Sneha. 2155: 2141: 2137: 2130: 2115: 2114: 2109: 2103: 2095: 2089: 2085: 2078: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2056: 2052: 2051: 2043: 2039: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2015: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2001: 2000:Deaf climbers 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1987: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1978: 1967: 1964: 1953: 1946: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1926: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1910: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1895:birds of prey 1892: 1888: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1876:trad climbing 1873: 1869: 1867: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1845: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1800:Delicate Arch 1797: 1792: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1723:United States 1709: 1707: 1703: 1695: 1691: 1688: 1683: 1674: 1670: 1667: 1661: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1610:belay devices 1607: 1603: 1598: 1594: 1593:climbing rope 1590: 1585: 1583: 1575: 1569: 1559: 1550: 1545: 1531: 1518: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1481: 1473: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1455: 1446: 1441: 1431: 1423: 1419: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1405: 1398: 1394: 1384: 1382: 1377: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1365:dependent on 1364: 1360: 1359:free climbing 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1341: 1336: 1332: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1320:Angelo Dibona 1317: 1313: 1312:Paul Grohmann 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1290: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1266: 1261: 1251: 1246: 1236: 1231: 1230:Slab climbing 1221: 1217: 1216:Face climbing 1207: 1202: 1192: 1180: 1176: 1174: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1149: 1145: 1142:(12), in the 1141: 1138: 1134: 1125: 1123: 1118: 1112: 1102: 1097: 1087: 1085: 1080: 1078: 1072: 1062: 1059: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1030: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1015:Lead climbing 1009:Lead climbing 1006: 1001: 991: 987: 977: 972: 962: 960: 954: 953:Solo climbing 947:Solo climbing 944: 941: 935: 928: 927:United States 924: 919: 910: 908: 904: 903:trad climbing 897: 896:Free climbing 890:Free climbing 883: 879: 874: 864: 862: 858: 852: 850: 849:lead climbing 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 821: 819: 815: 811: 810:free climbing 801: 799: 795: 791: 787: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 767:free climbing 764: 754: 752: 741: 739: 735: 734:lead climbing 731: 726: 721: 719: 715: 711: 706: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 675:Rock climbing 665: 660: 658: 653: 651: 646: 645: 643: 642: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 620: 619: 616: 614: 611: 607: 604: 602: 599: 598: 597: 594: 592: 589: 588: 586: 585: 581: 580: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 558:Self rescuing 556: 554: 551: 547: 544: 543: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 528: 526: 525: 521: 520: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 450: 448: 447: 443: 442: 434: 431: 430: 429: 426: 422: 419: 418: 417: 414: 410: 407: 405: 402: 401: 400: 397: 393: 390: 388: 385: 384: 383: 380: 379: 377: 376: 373: 369: 368: 362: 359: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 341: 340: 337: 333: 330: 328: 325: 324: 323: 320: 316: 313: 312: 311: 308: 304: 301: 300: 299: 296: 292: 289: 288: 287: 284: 282: 279: 278: 276: 275: 272: 271:rock climbing 268: 267: 261: 258: 254: 251: 249: 246: 245: 244: 241: 237: 234: 233: 232: 229: 225: 222: 220: 217: 216: 215: 212: 211: 209: 208: 204: 203: 199: 195: 194: 191: 188: 187: 183: 179: 178: 172: 168: 164: 159: 153:Rock Climbing 135: 131: 127: 123: 113: 110: 102: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: – 59: 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 16:Type of sport 5083: 5066: 5054:from Commons 5049: 5032: 5011: 4984:Powerbocking 4979:Orienteering 4969:Fell running 4964:Extreme Pogo 4890:Speed skiing 4852:Vert skating 4776:Speed flying 4754:Hang gliding 4708:Cliff-diving 4686:BASE jumping 4647: 4624:Ice climbing 4581:Water skiing 4559:Scuba diving 4531:Water sports 4473:Wakeboarding 4446:Snowboarding 4436:Skimboarding 4426:Sandboarding 4411:Longboarding 4406:Kiteboarding 4391:Bodyboarding 4325: 4313: 4301: 4289: 4233:USA Climbing 4133:Wild Country 4128:Therm-a-Rest 3970: 3963: 3956: 3949: 3944:The Alpinist 3942: 3924: 3917: 3910: 3903: 3896: 3889: 3882: 3875: 3868: 3861: 3823:Campus board 3778:First ascent 3522:Ice and snow 3319:Belay device 3170:Alpine clubs 3130:Ropes course 3043:Alpine style 2877: 2814: 2795: 2774: 2754: 2743:. Retrieved 2739:the original 2729: 2721: 2716: 2705:. Retrieved 2701: 2691: 2682: 2673: 2664: 2652:. Retrieved 2641: 2630:. Retrieved 2628:. 2019-08-29 2625: 2616: 2604:. Retrieved 2594: 2582:. Retrieved 2578:the original 2567: 2555:. Retrieved 2551:the original 2540: 2528:. Retrieved 2524:the original 2513: 2501:. Retrieved 2497: 2487: 2475:. Retrieved 2471: 2462: 2450:. Retrieved 2446: 2437: 2422: 2402: 2395: 2380: 2375: 2334: 2304: 2298: 2284: 2270: 2261: 2252: 2238: 2229: 2220: 2195: 2187: 2164: 2154: 2143:. Retrieved 2139: 2129: 2118:. Retrieved 2116:. 2021-10-15 2111: 2102: 2083: 2077: 2048: 2042: 2016: 1984: 1935: 1932: 1923: 1911: 1884: 1880:aid climbing 1870: 1862: 1857: 1847: 1813: 1793: 1774: 1751: 1720: 1700:Illustrated 1699: 1694:Costa Blanca 1689: 1671: 1663: 1626: 1586: 1571: 1556: 1547: 1525:Environments 1510: 1509: 1503: 1502: 1497: 1496: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1484: 1479: 1478: 1465: 1464: 1459: 1458: 1453: 1452: 1443: 1428: 1408: 1400: 1378: 1371: 1347:Aid climbing 1345: 1340:Luis Trenker 1328: 1286: 1271: 1248: 1233: 1219: 1204: 1190: 1169: 1159: 1155: 1153: 1139: 1116: 1114: 1099: 1081: 1074: 1054: 1034: 1024: 1003: 989: 974: 971:Free soloing 956: 937: 899: 876: 873:Aid climbing 867:Aid climbing 853: 851:and beyond. 843:and/or easy 822: 814:aid climbing 807: 783: 775:first ascent 763:aid climbing 760: 747: 722: 707: 674: 673: 596:First ascent 498:Roof hacking 488:Rock hopping 404:Alpine style 270: 130:Indian Creek 105: 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 5034:Definitions 4989:Slacklining 4771:Parasailing 4759:Paragliding 4718:Tombstoning 4564:Cave diving 4549:High diving 4539:Coasteering 4488:Motorsports 4478:Windsurfing 4451:Snowskating 4396:Dirtsurfing 4378:Boardsports 4327:WikiProject 4163:Alpine Club 4158:Access Fund 4068:Lowe Alpine 4063:La Sportiva 3800:Fall factor 3693:Self-arrest 3669:Redpointing 3592:Snow anchor 3346:Boulder mat 3295:Daisy chain 3265:Terminology 3256:Terminology 3135:Rooftopping 3077:Hillwalking 3065:Dry-tooling 3031:Via ferrata 2944:Traditional 2922:Competition 2903:Multi-pitch 2886:Disciplines 2674:Access Fund 2654:19 February 2606:19 February 2584:19 February 2557:19 February 2530:19 February 2447:rockfax.com 2113:MasterClass 1828:Access Fund 1824:trespassing 1796:Dean Potter 1758:Hueco Tanks 1712:Site access 1702:photo-topos 1677:Photo topos 1595:. Climbing 1434:Terminology 1404:sandbagging 1372:Over time, 1335:Hans Dülfer 1331:Paul Preuss 1304:Alpine Club 1058:fall factor 744:Description 546:Redpointing 522:Key actions 493:Rooftopping 444:Other types 433:Hillwalking 421:Dry-tooling 392:Via ferrata 332:Traditional 310:Competition 291:Multi-pitch 260:Terminology 167:traditional 163:multi-pitch 5098:Categories 4999:Zip-lining 4880:Freeriding 4802:BMX racing 4744:Air racing 4739:Aerobatics 4670:Skyrunning 4576:Snorkeling 4554:Jet Skiing 4544:Freediving 4516:Rally raid 4506:Rallycross 4441:Skysurfing 3951:El Capitan 3715:Traversing 3664:Onsighting 3644:Glissading 3627:Dülfersitz 3622:Australian 3585:Transeiver 3530:Alpenstock 3463:Portaledge 3451:Copperhead 3390:Descenders 3324:Auto belay 3115:Commercial 3095:Buildering 3072:Scrambling 2982:Rock types 2973:Top roping 2910:Bouldering 2786:1575401142 2745:2008-07-15 2724:19 (2021). 2707:2023-12-05 2632:2023-04-12 2413:0762723130 2389:0898867436 2353:1109907795 2230:Dolomythos 2145:2023-09-01 2120:2023-08-31 2035:References 1735:Lake Tahoe 1618:quickdraws 1606:carabiners 1589:protection 1166:Top roping 1156:top roping 1137:Top roping 1038:carabiners 994:Roped solo 934:Bouldering 913:Bouldering 845:bouldering 841:top roping 738:top roping 730:bouldering 714:bouldering 710:scrambling 573:Techniques 568:Traversing 473:Commercial 453:Buildering 428:Scrambling 361:Top roping 298:Bouldering 69:newspapers 5068:Textbooks 4913:Bobsleigh 4691:Free BASE 4614:Canyoning 4501:Motocross 4103:Patagonia 3986:Companies 3972:Hard Grit 3965:Free Solo 3833:MoonBoard 3828:Hangboard 3814:Training 3763:Guidebook 3738:Ape index 3703:Rope team 3617:Abseiling 3562:Ice screw 3468:Quickdraw 3351:Carabiner 3273:Equipment 3251:Technique 3217:Equipment 3100:Canyoning 3038:Himalayan 2966:Rope solo 2956:Free solo 2361:cite book 2069:688611213 1938:vandalism 1929:Vandalism 1858:cleaning) 1820:community 1785:Grampians 1777:Australia 1727:Australia 1602:harnesses 1562:Equipment 1324:Tita Piaz 1308:John Ball 1289:Victorian 1140:Balthazar 965:Free solo 820:systems. 582:Key terms 531:Abseiling 458:Canyoning 399:Himalayan 370:Types of 354:Rope solo 344:Free solo 269:Types of 231:Equipment 169:route in 99:June 2024 4928:Skeleton 4905:Sledding 4819:Downhill 4606:Climbing 4521:Snocross 4511:Rallying 4496:Drifting 4303:Category 4150:National 4048:JanSport 4023:Five Ten 3898:Desnivel 3891:Climbing 3870:Alpinist 3795:Exposure 3773:Chipping 3720:Tyrolean 3710:Spotting 3681:Crevasse 3659:Flashing 3649:Jumaring 3634:Belaying 3597:Snowshoe 3555:Ice tool 3545:Crampons 3395:Figure-8 3307:Ascender 3175:Climbers 2915:Highball 2898:Big wall 2863:Climbing 2702:Climbing 2173:cite web 1949:See also 1816:outcrops 1789:Arapiles 1754:rock art 1743:Shiprock 1690:Toix Est 1654:Injuries 1597:pioneers 1466:Pockets: 1381:COVID-19 1278:European 959:climbing 798:redpoint 553:Jumaring 536:Belaying 303:Highball 286:Big wall 214:Climbers 190:Climbing 182:a series 180:Part of 4830:Rolling 4790:Cycling 4749:Gliding 4679:Falling 4461:Surfing 4315:Commons 4269:(UIMLA) 4263:(UIAGM) 3654:Leading 3571:Rescue 3550:Ice axe 3500:Camalot 3434:Lanyard 3417:Skyhook 3402:Harness 3373:Dynamic 3356:Maillon 3329:Glasses 3210:Everest 3201:Deaths 3120:Parkour 2503:May 13, 2477:May 13, 2452:May 13, 1903:falcons 1854:erosion 1692:in the 1553:Outdoor 1504:Volume: 1460:Sloper: 1353:and in 1294:in the 1274:Anasazi 1254:History 833:anchors 790:onsight 781:(FFA). 541:Leading 478:Parkour 83:scholar 4949:Caving 4937:Others 4868:Skiing 4732:Flying 4291:Portal 4257:(UIAA) 4251:(IFSC) 4083:Millet 4073:Mammut 4038:Grivel 4008:Deuter 3926:Summit 3810:Guides 3805:Grades 3676:Rescue 3610:Action 3512:Tricam 3478:Grigri 3424:Hammer 3378:Static 3334:Gloves 3302:Anchor 3222:Brands 3026:Alpine 2821: 2802: 2783: 2670:"Home" 2410: 2387: 2351: 2341: 2311: 2208: 2090: 2067: 2057: 1907:osprey 1899:eagles 1891:cliffs 1887:raptor 1644:pitons 1636:chocks 1538:Indoor 1511:Crack: 1498:Arête: 1486:Pinch: 1300:Europe 1122:pitons 818:anchor 736:, and 691:summit 591:Anchor 382:Alpine 85: 78: 71: 64: 56: 5051:Media 4108:Petzl 4058:Kelty 3848:Media 3783:Pitch 3748:Clean 3731:Other 3580:RECCO 3507:Shoes 3495:SLCDs 3490:Sling 3458:Piton 3407:Hooks 3385:Chalk 3312:Croll 3290:Aider 3227:Knots 3163:Lists 3145:Slide 3110:Grass 3105:Crane 3088:Other 3060:Mixed 2989:Crack 2939:Sport 2927:Speed 2870:Types 1942:bolts 1915:crags 1897:like 1781:Uluru 1770:Idaho 1762:Texas 1687:cliff 1640:hexes 1614:bolts 1574:shoes 1480:Horn: 1367:belay 1239:Simul 1195:Crack 1146:near 1050:bolts 861:grade 857:pitch 837:belay 794:flash 757:Style 723:Rock 695:route 683:climb 679:sport 677:is a 633:Pitch 628:Guide 618:Route 613:Grade 508:Slide 468:Grass 463:Crane 387:Mixed 327:Sport 315:Speed 236:Knots 205:Lists 90:JSTOR 76:books 4923:Luge 3998:CAMP 3788:Topo 3758:Beta 3686:Self 3483:Revo 3473:SLDs 3412:Fifi 3368:Cord 3341:Bolt 3282:Rock 3150:Tree 3125:Pole 3004:Slab 2999:Roof 2994:Face 2951:Solo 2934:Free 2819:ISBN 2800:ISBN 2781:ISBN 2656:2013 2608:2013 2586:2013 2559:2013 2532:2013 2505:2020 2479:2020 2454:2020 2408:ISBN 2385:ISBN 2367:link 2349:OCLC 2339:ISBN 2309:ISBN 2206:ISBN 2179:link 2088:ISBN 2065:OCLC 2055:ISBN 1905:and 1787:and 1745:and 1725:and 1638:and 1454:Jug: 1395:and 1351:Alps 1333:and 1322:and 1296:Alps 1224:Slab 1210:Face 1117:trad 1046:nuts 1042:cams 905:and 827:and 786:beta 687:rock 623:Beta 606:FFFA 513:Tree 503:Rope 483:Pole 339:Solo 322:Free 134:Utah 62:news 4797:BMX 4118:REI 4113:Rab 3446:Nut 3439:PAC 3429:Hex 3055:Ice 2893:Aid 1775:In 1027:in 601:FFA 416:Ice 281:Aid 45:by 5100:: 2700:. 2672:. 2624:. 2496:. 2470:. 2445:. 2363:}} 2359:{{ 2347:. 2323:^ 2228:. 2204:. 2175:}} 2171:{{ 2163:. 2138:. 2110:. 2063:. 1921:. 1909:. 1901:, 1860:. 1806:. 1772:. 1768:, 1760:, 1749:. 1741:, 1737:, 1624:. 1604:, 1406:. 1383:. 1318:, 1306:, 925:, 740:. 732:, 716:, 712:, 184:on 165:, 132:, 5020:: 4362:e 4355:t 4348:v 2855:e 2848:t 2841:v 2827:. 2808:. 2789:. 2748:. 2710:. 2676:. 2658:. 2635:. 2610:. 2588:. 2561:. 2534:. 2507:. 2481:. 2456:. 2416:. 2369:) 2355:. 2317:. 2232:. 2214:. 2202:4 2181:) 2148:. 2123:. 2096:. 2071:. 1582:) 1580:3 663:e 656:t 649:v 136:. 112:) 106:( 101:) 97:( 87:· 80:· 73:· 66:· 39:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index