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men. She therefore sends her attendant, Arondele, to request a knight from Arthur at
Carlisle. However, Arthur is unable to provide one because all of his knights are out searching for Fergus. Dejected, Arondele heads back to her mistress. On the way, she passes Melrose and relates the story to Fergus, before returning to Roxburgh. News of the attendant's failure brings Galiene to grief, because the combat must take place the following day. When the time arrives, Galiene prepares to throw herself from the castle tower. However, she catches sight of a shining shield in the distance. The mysterious knight slays Arthofilaus, and the king gives up his claim to Lothian. It is then that Galiene learns the identity of the knight, her lost love Fergus. By then, however, he had already departed.
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After a while, the king sends his nephew
Arthofilaus to demand that Galiene surrender the castle. She refuses, but they agree that if she can find a suitable knight, they will settle the dispute by single combat. Galiene soon regrets the deal, as she is unable to find a willing candidate among her
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society. Soumilloit is wealthy enough to own a fortress, but he is low-born and the fortress is made only of wood. Moreover, his son Fergus works on the farm. Fergus' character is stumbling. Although valiant, he frequently transgresses the etiquette that the
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by the husband of the hag-dragon he dispatched at
Dunnottar. Emerging victorious, Fergus takes up residence in Melrose, and from there wreaks havoc on the army. He defeats some of its greatest knights, but this is not enough to lift the siege.
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extensive knowledge of the geography of southern
Scotland, which is in general depicted in an exceedingly accurate manner. This is in contrast to most other works of the genre, in which geography is vague and unrealistic.
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Back at
Carlisle, King Arthur learns of the events and pardons the defeated king. Arthur decides personally to set out in search of Fergus, but Gawain counsels that he has a better chance of finding him if he hosts a
434:. Having vanquished the Black Knight, Fergus returns, only to find that Galiene has disappeared. At this point, the magic of love hits Fergus. He searches for her in vain for a year, until he meets a
372:, so that he can follow after the knights and join them. Fergus makes his way to Carlisle, killing two bandits on the way, whose heads he brings to the king. Arriving at court, he is mocked by
446:"; however, he gets into a dispute with the boatmen, dispatches them all, and is forced to sail himself over. Upon reaching Dunnotar, Fergus slays the guardian of the shield, and returns to
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finally captures it in
Galloway. At this point, Fergus, working the land in the service of his father, spots the knights and is inspired by them. Fergus persuades his father to give him a
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Initial letter D: a knight standing on his feet holding a sword and a (white?) shield, in the 14th century (ca. 1330?) manuscript: Leiden, University
Library, Ms. Letterkunde 191-1:
243:, parody directed at the whole genre of Arthurian romance. It had been suggested by earlier scholars such as Dominicia Legge that the work was produced under the patronage of
328:. It has been neglected in Scotland mainly because it did not come to the attention of scholars until relatively recently, being preserved only in
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satirisation of Fergus (Alan's great-grandfather). Recently, it has been proposed by D.D.R. Owen that it was written for the entertainment of the
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475:, and the prize is Queen Galiene and her kingdom. During the week-long tournament, Fergus remains invincible, defeating, among others, Kay,
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was translated from French fairly accurately, but the second part, possibly the work of another author, was much more loosely derived. The
332:. The other reason for neglect is probably that it was written in French, a linguistic-literary tradition which died out by the later
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and the Black Knight. It is after this that Fergus and
Galiene are united in marriage, and Fergus becomes King of Lothian.
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probably at the very beginning of the 13th century, by a very well educated author who named himself
Guillaume le Clerc (
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possesses in either
Scotland or France. It has recently been translated into English by an American scholar.
380:. Kay challenges Fergus to prove his worth by, among other things, defeating the king's bitter enemy, the
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430:. She declares her love for him, but he only promises to return after he has fulfilled his
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Stringer, Keith J., "The Emergence of a Nation-State, 1100–1300", in Jenny Wormald (ed.),
450:. It is then that he is told that Galiene is the new ruler of Lothian, but is besieged in
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who tells him that he will retrieve his lost love if he can obtain a shield from a hag in
247:, but this idea is now rejected by most scholars, for a variety of reasons, including the
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Mélanges de linguistique romane et de philologie médiéval offerts à M. Maurice Delbouille
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however shows that, despite its future, French-culture flourished in Scotland during the
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The Quest for Galiene. A Study of Guillaume le Clerc's Arthurian Romance Fergus.
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has been upheld by many modern critics for its highly sophisticated use of
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by a neighbouring king. On the way to Roxburgh, he is waylaid at
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Legge, M. Dominica, "Some Notes on the Roman de Fergus", in
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The Reign of William the Lion: Kingship and Culture
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231:is based upon a historical figure, it is probably
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48:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
537:, (Gembloux, 1964), Vol. III, pp. 399–408
487:In the middle of the thirteenth century, the
324:, written one and a half centuries later in
193:). The main character is Fergus, the son of
259:, and that the author was none other than
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
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314:, an honour often thought to belong to
296:aristocratic society took for granted.
267:who rose to hold both the Bishopric of
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513:classic, certainly more fame than the
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530:, tr. D.D.R. Owen, (London, 1991).
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551:, (Oxford, 2005), pp. 38–76.
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310:literature to have survived from
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303:could be the first piece of non-
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