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626:(1133–1189) used a lion as his emblem, and based on the arms used by his sons and other relatives, he may have used a coat of arms with a single lion or two lions, though no direct testimony of this has been found. His children experimented with different combinations of lions on their arms. Richard I (1189–1199) used a single lion rampant, or perhaps two lions affrontés, on his first
1657:
1434:
Several
English towns display adapted versions of the arms of England, often derived from seals which showed the full arms. The most common alterations are to change the tinctures (colours); Dorset County Council, for example, uses a silver field and red lions, and Hereford a red field with silver
788:
1351:
and so has always borne the royal arms of
England—the personal arms of England's reigning monarch. When displayed in war or battle, this banner signalled that the sovereign was present in person. Because the royal banner depicted the royal arms of England, its design and composition changed
1360:
explains that it is "a misnomer to term the banner of the royal arms the Royal
Standard", because "the term standard properly refers to the long tapering flag used in battle, by which an overlord mustered his retainers in battle". The archaeologist and antiquarian
716:
On 1 May 1707 the kingdoms of
England and Scotland were merged to form that of Great Britain; to symbolise this their arms were impaled in the first and fourth quarters of the royal arms. French throne continued, albeit passively, until it was mooted by the
376:
this was changed to a gold helm with a barred visor, facing the viewer, a design which is restricted to royal arms. At the same time the decorative mantling, which was originally red cloth lined with ermine, was altered to cloth of gold lined with ermine.
686:. As a consequence, the royal arms of England and Scotland were combined in the king's new personal arms. Nevertheless, although referencing the personal union with Scotland and Ireland, the royal arms of England remained distinct from the
638:
had used a seal during the reigns of his father and elder brother that showed two lions passant, but his adoption of his brother's three-lion arms on his succession established this as the lasting design of the royal arms of
England.
582:
of King
Richard I (1189–1199), which initially displayed one or two lions rampant, but in 1198 was permanently altered to depict three lions passant, perhaps representing Richard I's principal three positions as King of the English,
1684:
798:
The arms of
Richard I are only known from two armorial seals, and hence the tinctures can not be determined. His First Great Seal showed one lion on half of the shield. It is debated whether this was meant to represent
1473:
The arms of
England are used by several institutions, often founded by or with a link to the monarchy. Westminster Abbey, for example, includes the fifteenth century version of the arms in its own achievement. At
1279:
inherited the throne upon the death of
William III, and the royal arms returned to the 1603 version. She was the last monarch of an independent Kingdom of England and the first monarch of Great Britain.
1656:
349:
The chapeau was eventually replaced by a crown, the design of which has varied over time. It was usually shown as an open circlet adorned with fleurs-de-lys or stylised leaves until the reign of
1396:, the monarch's private estate, which uses the arms of England differenced by a 'label of France', i.e. a blue label of three points with three fleurs-de-lys in each. These arms originated with
4480:
369:
surmounted by a cross formy at their intersection. The shape of the arches of the crown has been represented differently at different times, and can help to date a depiction of the crest.
1789:
to term the banner of the Royal Arms the Royal
Standard. The term standard properly refers to the long tapering flag used in battle, by which an overlord mustered his retainers in battle.
749:
and modified the royal arms, removing the French quarter and putting the arms of England, Scotland and Ireland on the same structural level, with the dynastic arms of Hanover moved to an
2379:
384:
first appeared in English heraldry in the 15th century. They were not regarded as an integral part of arms, and were frequently changed. The supporters of many medieval monarchs were
521:(around the 6th and 7th centuries), as well as by the Normans. Later, during the reign of the Plantagenets (specifically around the end of the 12th century), a formal and consistent
2309:
244:, although they rarely appear in isolation in royal or government contexts. They have also been adapted by English sporting bodies, forming the basis of the coat of arms of the
5383:
3405:
3183:
634:
Emperors adopted at nearly the same time, which Richard would have been acquainted with from his travels, and would show his personal alliance with them. Richard's brother
3322:
3300:
2752:
1672:
1641:
2708:
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1446:
The arms of Berkshire County Council bore arms with two golden lions, referencing the attributed arms of the Norman kings and their early influence upon the county.
4129:
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4119:
4114:
4109:
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1415:
The arms also make a standalone appearance at coronations, when banners of the individual quarterings of the royal arms are processed through Westminster Abbey.
3360:
3355:
1392:
As the arms of England have been superseded by the arms of the United Kingdom the former are rarely seen alone in contemporary contexts. One exception is the
614:, and gave him a gold lion badge. The memorial enamel created to decorate Geoffrey's tomb depicts a blue coat of arms bearing gold lions. His youngest son,
1352:
throughout the Middle Ages. It is variously known as the royal banner of England, the banner of the royal arms, the banner of the king of England, or by the
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The English royal arms were often shown encircled by the Order of the Garter, England's highest order of chivalry, a blue circlet bearing the order's
4984:
3176:
1924:
555:
of tongue and claws is not cited in many blazons, they are historically a distinguishing feature of the arms of England. This coat, designed in the
365:. Since the late 17th century the crown has consisted of a jewelled circlet with alternating crosses formy and fleurs-de-lys, and two arches with a
2910:
2874:
3260:
1972:
2645:
1429:
1124:. The order in what are shown the English and French arms on English quarters is altered respect the usual due to French Claims to the Duchy.
3391:
3295:
3024:
2367:
3680:
3327:
3169:
803:
or a single lion, and if the latter, whether the direction in which the lion is facing is relevant or simply an artistic liberty. A simple
2585:
2297:
738:
567:, according to dynastic and other political changes occurring in England, but has not altered since it took a fixed form in the reign of
5404:
3438:
3270:
1851:
1519:
551:) with blue tongues and claws, walking past but facing the observer, arranged in a column on a red background. Although the tincture
2271:
5434:
1826:, p. 373: "The three golden lions upon a ground of red have certainly continued to be the royal and national arms of England."
695:
510:
222:
183:
161:
2117:
Romans, Barbarians, and the Transformation of the Roman World: Cultural Interaction and the Creation of Identity in Late Antiquity
4703:
1344:, in that it does not represent any particular area or land, but rather symbolises the sovereignty vested in the rulers thereof.
506:
2003:
372:
The helm on which the crest was borne was originally a simple steel design, sometimes with gold embellishments. In the reign of
5042:
2741:
393:
1576:
4977:
3754:
3151:
3004:
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1031:
17:
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630:, but later used three lions passant in his 1198 Great Seal. The arms bear a striking resemblance to the family arms of the
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3433:
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1755:
1531:
1462:
611:
286:
The arms have a red background, on which are three gold lions with blue claws and tongues. The lions are depicted striding
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that only occurred in the second half of the 12th century. Lions may have been used as a badge by members of the
5352:
5304:
5169:
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3749:
3372:
3209:
1609:
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249:
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1745:
1458:
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2683:
272:
The original royal crest as introduced by Edward III, borne upon a chapeau and with a red mantling lined in
5314:
5276:
4723:
4040:
3857:
3463:
3305:
3242:
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1276:
1179:
29:"Royal Banner of England" redirects here. For the English heraldic flags used in battles and pageancy, see
2425:
Las primeras acuñaciones del príncipe Felipe de España (1554–1556): Soberano de Milán Nápoles e Inglaterra
1222:
half of greatest honour, as heraldic custom dictates. William bore the royal arms with the addition of an
5234:
4919:
4879:
4844:
4766:
3996:
3879:
3705:
3666:
3524:
1914:
1694:, the national football team removed the original crown to distinguish it from the cricket team in 1949.
1601:
1595:
1547:
323:
During the existence of the Kingdom of England the arms were usually depicted as part of a full heraldic
281:
173:
116:
501:
Some of the earliest Royal Emblems depicting lions were first used by the Saxons (Lions were adopted in
5204:
5164:
5144:
5032:
4924:
4743:
4728:
4102:
4035:
3565:
3485:
3290:
3161:
3014:
1919:
1298:
1182:, this was the final version of the royal arms of England before being subsumed into the royal arms of
30:
1962:
1604:. The three lions have been extensively used in sport, and currently feature in the coats of arms of
1562:
1405:
5424:
5419:
5342:
5239:
5139:
4733:
3991:
3491:
3285:
2918:
1779:
1357:
425:
2819:
2653:
2623:
1526:), or from an illegitimate child of the monarch being granted a version of the royal arms (e.g. the
559:, has been variously combined with those of the Kings of France, Scotland, a symbol of Ireland, the
5362:
5347:
5264:
5219:
5214:
5189:
5047:
4854:
4839:
4738:
4030:
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3448:
3350:
3345:
3250:
2718:
1740:
1663:
1621:
1605:
1183:
730:
654:, Edward III expressed his claim in heraldic form by quartering the royal arms of England with the
413:
290:(heraldic right), with their right front paw raised and their heads turned to face the viewer. The
245:
84:
5332:
1514:
in some way. This most often occurred through descent from a member of the royal family (e.g. the
5244:
5194:
5154:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5092:
5077:
5072:
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5037:
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5017:
5012:
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4831:
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3558:
3514:
3255:
2436:(Thesis) (in Spanish). Vol. 3. Universidad Complutense Madrid. pp. 165–166 – via
1735:
1487:
1175:
1089:
829:
579:
518:
466:
335:
5357:
5299:
5229:
5209:
5199:
5184:
5179:
5159:
5129:
5097:
5082:
5057:
4776:
4060:
3942:
3596:
3367:
3144:
The Theatre of Death: The Ritual Management of Royal Funerals in Renaissance England, 1570–1625
3135:
Fifty Years of Art, 1849–1899: Being Articles and Illustrations Selected from 'The Art Journal'
1256:
1227:
1211:
687:
373:
324:
2829:
Civic and Corporate Heraldry: A Dictionary of Impersonal Arms of England, Wales and N. Ireland
2593:
2121:
5269:
5224:
5149:
4891:
4869:
4859:
4045:
3986:
3813:
3453:
2806:
2430:
The First Coins of Prince Philip of Spain (1554–1556): Sovereign of Milan, Naples and England
2164:
1568:
1535:
1479:
1215:
1117:
1093:
1065:
1052:
957:
899:
722:
651:
627:
575:
479:
attributed to William I and his successors Henry I, Stephen, Henry II, John and Henry III by
343:
331:
234:
218:
165:
157:
3902:
5124:
4715:
3917:
3872:
3732:
3614:
3586:
3504:
3443:
3232:
1691:
1483:
1475:
1401:
1035:
927:
895:
568:
502:
362:
358:
214:
1072:
and this was further conferred upon King Philip, the arms were not altered to feature the
8:
4796:
4748:
4674:
4661:
4003:
3955:
3845:
3791:
3781:
3769:
3576:
3094:
2747:
2263:
1523:
1439:, a confederation of historic ports in southeast England whose arms are those of England
1409:
1219:
1203:
1171:
965:
953:
931:
919:
675:
623:
615:
434:
405:
350:
300:
287:
179:
144:
139:
5378:
3065:
1457:. Outside of England, it also appears on the coats of arms of the Canadian provinces of
217:
and continued to be used by successive English and British monarchs; they are currently
5294:
4993:
4849:
4788:
4025:
3922:
3867:
3850:
3830:
3722:
3697:
3689:
3383:
3337:
2944:
2930:
2904:
2882:
2868:
2846:
2340:. Reading: Graduate Center for Medieval Studies, University of Reading. pp. 52–63.
1629:
1393:
1387:
1207:
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1057:
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1011:
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607:
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206:
1019:
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3050:
3042:
3000:
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2890:
2854:
2832:
2548:
2168:
2125:
1678:
A modern, commercially available royal banner of England, printed on polyester fabric
1648:
1397:
1378:
1043:
1027:
718:
588:
444:
338:, which shows a helm above the arms, on which is a crowned gold lion standing upon a
273:
130:
99:
2423:
1995:
1265:
1240:
1192:
1154:
1134:
996:
974:
940:
908:
876:
840:
4897:
4811:
3981:
3840:
3823:
1624:
featuring three lions passant to represent England. The arms have also featured on
1527:
1047:
826:
The arms on the second Great Seal of Richard I, used by his successors until 1340:
658:. This quartering continued until 1801, with intervals in 1360–1369 and 1420–1422.
599:
584:
556:
522:
462:
342:. The design has varied little since, and took on its present form in the reign of
308:
202:
1039:
268:
240:
The arms continue to be used in heraldry to represent England, for example in the
5119:
4907:
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4806:
3937:
3897:
3774:
3727:
3529:
3034:
The crusaders; or, Scenes, events, and characters, from the times of the crusades
2969:
2780:
2158:
2115:
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1713:
1515:
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1341:
1101:
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1023:
923:
891:
691:
671:
635:
595:
560:
544:
538:
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409:
385:
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598:
for earlier kings, but their reigns pre-dated the systematisation of hereditary
354:
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4018:
3932:
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3744:
3420:
3019:
1727:
1613:
1440:
1167:
1097:
856:
683:
679:
655:
643:
603:
257:
253:
241:
66:
396:. The supporters became more consistent under the Tudors, and by the reign of
5398:
4821:
3927:
3786:
1348:
1337:
1313:
1292:
863:
619:
480:
304:
1600:
The English arms, and the three lions passant alone, have become one of the
4944:
4816:
4681:
4067:
3862:
3801:
3764:
3629:
2437:
1967:
1542:
Local government, corporate, and personal arms incorporating the royal arms
1436:
1223:
956:, who succeeded in being crowned in France, adopted the arms of France and
750:
631:
433:
has also been shown on a scroll under the arms since at least the reign of
401:
389:
198:
164:; previously second and third quarters of royal arms of England adopted by
4962:
3591:
3581:
1502:
include the arms as they were founded by descendants of the royal family.
1304:
61:
3976:
3960:
3835:
3737:
3509:
2616:"England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) – The Official Website of the ECB"
1145:
667:
397:
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813:
47:
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2713:
1625:
1617:
1454:
1450:
887:
420:
2675:
1482:
uses the royal arms with a border to symbolise that it was founded by
1174:, and quartered the royal arms of England with those of Scotland. The
105:
Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale or armed and langued azure
3715:
3658:
1666:, issued in 1997, featuring three lions passant, representing England
1232:
Azure billetty or, a lion rampant of the last armed and langued gules
987:
787:
769:(Under personal union with the Kingdom of Scotland from 1603 to 1707)
381:
209:, and now used to symbolise England generally. The arms were adopted
111:
1449:
A single gold lion, on a red chief, appears on the coats of arms of
4072:
3647:
3539:
1786:
1553:
1353:
1329:
1105:
1859:
678:: the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland were united in a
3889:
3472:
2774:
Why Do England’s Cricketers Wear the Iconic Crest on Their Chest?
2368:"The Origin of the Royal Arms of England – a European Connection"
1511:
1252:
622:
showing a coat with a single lion rampant, while the eldest son,
514:
339:
79:
1120:
with the Imperial eagle (the earlier single-headed) on a shield
1647:
The royal arms of England as depicted on the Kings Arms pub in
1510:
Several families are entitled to use the English arms, usually
1404:, whose descendants were created dukes of Lancaster. The duchy
1007:
529:
291:
1915:"The Flag of Her Majesty the Queen for personal use in Canada"
3971:
3606:
3040:
2220:
2101:
670:
in 1603, the throne of England was inherited by the Scottish
534:
430:
366:
296:
123:
2298:"The Earliest Known Depiction of the Royal Arms of England?"
1178:
was added to represent the Kingdom of Ireland. Last used by
412:
monarchs swapped the dragon for a Scottish unicorn, and the
4077:
2350:
1014:
impaled their arms. Philip's arms were: A. arms quarterly
930:, and reduced the fleurs-de-lis to three, in imitation of
763:
327:, the appearance of which has varied over the centuries.
4939:
2615:
225:. Historically they were also quartered with the arms of
3413:
1632:
which featured the three lions on second-class stamps.
3112:
British Colours & Standards 1747–1881 (2): Infantry
1308:
The royal arms of England featuring as the royal banner
701:
606:: a late-12th century chronicler reports that in 1128,
3017:(18 April 1835). "English Regal Arms and Supporters".
902:
the royal arms of England, denoting a mystical union.
416:
have remained the supporters of the royal arms since.
392:
but are still used to represent them, for instance at
330:
The first example of a crest on the royal arms was on
320:, but this refers to their pose rather than species.
1944:
1942:
1170:
inherited the English throne in 1603, establishing a
594:
Much later antiquarians would retrospectively invent
3193:
Coats of arms of the United Kingdom and dependencies
1703:
1112:
serpent in the act of consuming a human, showing in
2797:Boutell, Charles (1859). "The Art Journal London".
2114:Shanzer, Danuta; Mathisen, Ralph W (28 July 2013).
578:, or shield, displaying three lions is that on the
2992:
2943:
2740:
2538:
1963:"Why do England have three lions on their shirts?"
1939:
1628:postage stamps, such as a 2001 issue to celebrate
2853:(Revised ed.). London: Frederick Warne LTD.
2783:Retrieved on 10 September 2012. The Cricket Blog.
1435:lions. Several such arms are associated with the
5396:
1234:, while Mary bore the royal arms undifferenced.
661:
2421:
2191:significant pre-figuration of medieval heraldry
2113:
1218:their arms, with the husband's arms taking the
168:, until claim on Kingdom of France relinquished
1430:List of arms of the county councils of England
453:, but did not become standardised until 1714.
4978:
3674:
3399:
3177:
3025:Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge
2881:
2845:
2536:
2205:
2089:
2077:
2056:
1901:
1230:(the royal house to which William belonged):
429:("Shame be to him who thinks evil of it"). A
357:. The crown gained a single arch in reign of
221:with the arms of Scotland and Ireland in the
3323:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
3301:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
2909:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2887:Royal Heraldry. Beasts and Badges of Britain
2873:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2422:Francisco Olmos, José María de (July 2008).
2216:
2214:
2201:
2199:
1819:
1817:
574:The earliest surviving representation of an
442:
128:
4992:
3093:
3036:. Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). J. W. Parker.
2883:Brooke-Little, J.P., FSA, MVO, MA, FSA, FHS
2572:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2095:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
1347:The royal banner of England is the English
1336:. This royal banner differs from England's
1206:was deposed and replaced with his daughter
870:- and quartered the royal arms of England.
745:, a proclamation of 1 January 1801 set the
739:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
490:
449:("God and my right"), was first adopted by
4985:
4971:
3681:
3667:
3406:
3392:
3184:
3170:
2917:
2547:. Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 77.
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2481:
2291:
2289:
2235:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
1897:
1443:with three ships' hulls on a blue field.
1286:
571:(1189–1199), the second Plantagenet king.
3031:
2742:"Three lions replace The Queen on stamps"
2568:
2566:
2564:
2493:
2221:Paston-Bedingfield & Gwynn-Jones 1993
2211:
2196:
2102:Paston-Bedingfield & Gwynn-Jones 1993
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1846:
1844:
1814:
642:In 1340, following the extinction of the
353:, when the design was altered to include
276:. The steel helm has gold embellishments.
3202:Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
3141:
2990:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2338:The Origins of The Royal Arms of England
2331:
2329:
2327:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
1835:
1377:
1312:When the royal arms take the form of an
1303:
696:royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
690:, until the two realms were joined in a
470:
267:
162:royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
3132:
2941:
2796:
2703:
2701:
2524:
2511:
2462:
2295:
2286:
2083:
2062:
1823:
1259:reigned alone, and used his arms only.
962:dual monarchy between the two countries
14:
5397:
3688:
3109:
3063:
3013:
2826:
2626:from the original on 18 September 2019
2561:
2382:from the original on 24 September 2021
2365:
2351:Albrecht Rieber; Karl Reutter (1974).
2312:from the original on 18 September 2021
2156:
2037:
1996:"A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry"
1948:
1874:
1841:
4966:
3662:
3387:
3165:
2964:
2505:
2468:
2335:
2324:
2226:
2018:
1960:
1583:Henry Somerset, 12th duke of Beaufort
1418:
1326:Banner of the King (Queen) of England
960:the arms of England, symbolising the
509:) and Danes and re-interpreted in a
294:, or formal heraldic description, is
3414:Royal heraldry in the United Kingdom
3074:
2929:
2755:from the original on 12 January 2022
2698:
2400:
2181:from the original on 2 February 2023
2163:. Lawrence King Publishing. p.
2000:A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry
1756:Armorial of the House of Plantagenet
866:on a blue field) – representing his
702:After the formation of Great Britain
612:Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
3620:Coat of arms of the Prince of Wales
3099:Civic Heraldry of England and Wales
2578:
2274:from the original on 16 August 2018
1636:Contemporary uses of the royal arms
1423:
1368:
394:St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
24:
3439:Cadency labels of the Royal Family
1993:
1954:
1792:The archaeologist and antiquarian
1751:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom
1356:of the royal standard of England;
1264:
1239:
1191:
1153:
1133:
1064:. Although Queen Mary I's father,
995:
973:
939:
907:
875:
839:
812:
786:
712:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom
543:, signifying three identical gold
541:in pale or armed and langued azure
441:('Sovereign'). The current motto,
231:English claim to the French throne
223:coat of arms of the United Kingdom
25:
5446:
5405:Coats of arms of former countries
5384:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
2991:Jamieson, Andrew Stewart (1998).
2264:"Coat of Arms of King George III"
1927:from the original on 27 July 2016
1373:
477:three lions passants guardants or
316:were historically referred to as
3462:
2978:from the original on 7 July 2023
2686:from the original on 7 July 2023
2138:from the original on 7 July 2023
1975:from the original on 7 July 2021
1720:
1706:
1683:
1671:
1655:
1640:
1575:
1561:
1546:
1081:
743:George III of the United Kingdom
650:. In addition to initiating the
60:
46:
5435:Royal arms of European monarchs
3750:England in the late Middle Ages
2767:
2733:
2668:
2638:
2608:
2530:
2499:
2487:
2456:
2444:
2415:
2406:
2394:
2359:
2344:
2150:
2107:
2006:from the original on 2 May 2021
1768:
1610:England and Wales Cricket Board
1316:, it is variously known as the
1148:restored the arms of Henry IV.
1077:
990:restored the arms of Henry IV.
532:of the arms of Plantagenet is:
250:England and Wales Cricket Board
174:symbol of the nation of England
3643:Monarchy of the United Kingdom
3266:British Indian Ocean Territory
3077:Chronology of Scottish History
2120:. Ashgate Publishing. p.
1987:
1907:
1829:
860:Azure semé of fleurs de lys or
756:
694:in 1707, leading to a unified
263:
69:, which served as royal banner
13:
1:
2966:James, George Payne Rainsford
2537:Barker O.B.E., Brian (1976).
1803:
1746:Coat of arms of Great Britain
1589:
1465:, reflecting their heritage.
1365:also makes this distinction.
1050:, with an escutcheon (in the
708:Coat of arms of Great Britain
662:After the Union of the Crowns
210:
184:English national sports teams
2923:A Complete Guide to Heraldry
2889:. Derby: Pilgrim Press Ltd.
2709:"The United Kingdom £1 Coin"
2592:. 2 May 2010. Archived from
1961:Ingle, Sean (18 July 2002).
1808:
1796:also makes this distinction.
1776:A Complete Guide to Heraldry
1468:
1297:Not to be confused with the
968:position of greater honour.
785:
7:
5415:National symbols of England
3261:British Antarctic Territory
3142:Woodward, Jennifer (1997).
3041:Paston-Bedingfield, Henry;
2935:The Book of British Ballads
2434:Documenta & Instrumenta
1699:
1664:British one pound (£1) coin
1602:national symbols of England
1596:National symbols of England
1505:
1100:used since the time of the
1092:, Mary and Philip added an
964:, with France shown in the
513:in the western kingdoms of
404:and a gold lion. After the
282:Royal supporters of England
10:
5451:
3755:Economy in the Middle Ages
3625:Prince of Wales's feathers
3566:In My Defens God Me Defend
3133:Thomson, D. Croal (2001).
3032:Keightley, Thomas (1834).
2919:Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles
2831:. London: Heraldry Today.
2789:
2545:When the Queen was Crowned
2452:Héraldique européenne site
2366:Rabbow, Dr Arnold (1999).
1920:Governor General of Canada
1593:
1427:
1385:
1299:Royal standards of England
1296:
1290:
1210:and son-in-law and nephew
1030:, the whole enté en point
868:claim to the French throne
705:
460:
456:
361:, and a double arch under
279:
31:Royal standards of England
28:
5371:
5323:
5285:
5000:
4878:
4830:
4787:
4757:
4714:
4660:
3951:
3888:
3696:
3638:
3605:
3538:
3492:Honi soit qui mal y pense
3471:
3460:
3419:
3336:
3241:
3208:
3199:
2942:Hassler, Charles (1980).
2827:Briggs, Geoffrey (1971).
2355:(in German). p. 204.
1780:Arthur Charles Fox-Davies
1358:Arthur Charles Fox-Davies
1334:Royal Standard of England
780:
777:
774:
721:and the formation of the
648:claimed the French throne
610:knighted his son-in-law,
426:Honi soit qui mal y pense
150:
138:
122:
110:
98:
90:
78:
74:
59:
54:
45:
40:
5430:Coats of arms with lions
3449:The Lion and the Unicorn
3328:Turks and Caicos Islands
3146:. Boydell & Brewer.
3101:(2nd ed.). London:
3079:. Geddes & Grosset.
2847:Brooke-Little, J.P., FSA
2751:. London. 6 March 2001.
2586:"Faversham Coat of Arms"
2296:Holroyd, Graham (2000).
1761:
1741:Coat of arms of Scotland
1606:The Football Association
1322:Banner of the Royal Arms
731:Kingdom of Great Britain
4994:Coats of arms of Europe
3819:Commonwealth of England
3559:Nemo me impune lacessit
3070:. Turner & Marwood.
3064:Robson, Thomas (1830).
2971:The History of Chivalry
2779:3 February 2014 at the
2650:England Football Online
2412:Ailes. pp. 52–3, 64–74.
2353:Die Pfalzkapelle in Ulm
1736:Royal badges of England
1616:. In 1997 and 2002 the
1382:Duchy of Lancaster arms
1318:Royal Banner of England
1287:Royal banner of England
1214:. As co-monarchs, they
1068:, assumed the title of
855:Edward III adopted the
666:Following the death of
467:Armorial of Plantagenet
205:by the monarchs of the
195:coat of arms of England
41:Coat of arms of England
5043:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3597:Court of the Lord Lyon
3271:British Virgin Islands
3049:. Greenwich Editions.
2814:Cite journal requires
2717:. 2010. Archived from
2540:"The Grand Procession"
2336:Ailes, Adrian (1982).
1791:
1534:, illegitimate son of
1383:
1309:
1269:
1244:
1196:
1158:
1138:
1000:
978:
944:
912:
880:
844:
817:
791:
747:royal style and titles
688:royal arms of Scotland
539:lions passant guardant
498:
491:
443:
314:lions passant guardant
277:
129:
5410:English coats of arms
3210:Constituent countries
3137:. Adegi Graphics LLC.
2974:. Harper & Bros.
2590:The Faversham Website
2268:The First Foot Guards
2157:Onians, John (2004).
1783:
1612:, and in the logo of
1569:Oriel College, Oxford
1412:became king in 1399.
1406:merged with the Crown
1381:
1307:
1268:
1243:
1195:
1176:royal arms of Ireland
1157:
1137:
999:
977:
943:
911:
879:
843:
816:
790:
723:French First Republic
628:Great Seal of England
618:, used an equestrian
474:
271:
201:historically used as
166:Edward III of England
18:Royal arms of England
4670:Anglo-Saxon military
3858:Overseas possessions
3587:Order of the Thistle
3444:Imperial State Crown
3243:Overseas territories
3110:Sumner, Ian (2001).
3095:Scott-Giles, Wilfrid
3075:Ross, David (2002).
2656:on 12 September 2010
1692:England cricket team
1520:Thomas of Brotherton
1488:Cambridge University
1463:Prince Edward Island
1400:, the second son of
1034:; in base quarterly
928:Edward the Confessor
896:Edward the Confessor
569:Richard I of England
246:Football Association
182:) emblem of various
5286:States with limited
4084:Acts of Parliament:
3851:Union with Scotland
3846:Glorious Revolution
3792:Union of the Crowns
3782:English Renaissance
3770:English Reformation
3711:Anglo-Saxon England
3577:Honours of Scotland
3103:J M Dent & Sons
2931:Hall, Samuel Carter
2748:The Daily Telegraph
2527:, pp. 373–377.
2223:, pp. 114–115.
2040:, pp. 148–150.
1951:, pp. 166–167.
1856:The Royal Household
1500:St Edmund's College
1251:After the death of
1172:union with Scotland
1104:: It presented the
1090:sovereigns of Milan
932:Charles V of France
828:Gules, three lions
801:two lions combatant
676:Union of the Crowns
674:, resulting in the
616:William FitzEmpress
406:Union of the Crowns
400:were usually a red
229:, representing the
145:Order of the Garter
85:Monarchs of England
4041:Secretary of State
3723:Kingdom of England
3690:Kingdom of England
3592:Unicorn Supporters
3454:The Queen's Beasts
3429:Royal coat of arms
3338:Crown Dependencies
3067:The British Herald
3043:Gwynn-Jones, Peter
3020:The Penny Magazine
2851:Boutell's Heraldry
2801:. Virtue: 373–376.
2206:Brooke-Little 1981
2160:Atlas of World Art
2090:Brooke-Little 1981
2078:Brooke-Little 1981
2057:Brooke-Little 1981
1904:, pp. 205–222
1902:Brooke-Little 1978
1419:Non-royal heraldry
1394:Duchy of Lancaster
1388:Duchy of Lancaster
1384:
1310:
1270:
1245:
1197:
1159:
1139:
1074:Kingdom of Ireland
1001:
979:
945:
913:
881:
845:
818:
792:
765:Kingdom of England
735:Kingdom of Ireland
727:Acts of Union 1800
652:Hundred Years' War
608:Henry I of England
565:Kingdom of Hanover
503:Germanic tradition
499:
307:armed and langued
278:
248:, the logo of the
207:Kingdom of England
5392:
5391:
4960:
4959:
4802:Church of England
3760:Wars of the Roses
3656:
3655:
3572:Crown of Scotland
3505:St Edward's Crown
3499:Dieu et mon droit
3381:
3380:
3153:978-0-85115-704-7
3116:Osprey Publishing
3006:978-0-85372-870-2
2950:. Jupiter Books.
2646:"The Three Lions"
1838:, pp. 14–15.
1690:The arms worn by
1649:Blakeney, Norfolk
1530:, descended from
1528:dukes of Richmond
1518:, descended from
1496:St John's College
1476:Oxford University
1410:Henry Bolingbroke
1398:Edmund Crouchback
1342:St George's Cross
1284:
1283:
1128:
1127:
770:
719:French Revolution
589:Duke of Aquitaine
511:Christian context
486:Historia Anglorum
445:Dieu et mon droit
215:Plantagenet kings
191:
190:
156:First and fourth
131:Dieu et mon droit
94:Late 12th century
16:(Redirected from
5442:
5425:Flags of England
5420:English heraldry
5324:Dependencies and
5260:Northern Ireland
5001:Sovereign states
4987:
4980:
4973:
4964:
4963:
4920:Royal supporters
4767:English language
4014:Council of State
4004:King's Secretary
3997:House of Commons
3982:Magnum Concilium
3880:Maritime history
3841:Exclusion Crisis
3824:The Protectorate
3683:
3676:
3669:
3660:
3659:
3582:Heraldic Thistle
3466:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3385:
3384:
3316:Tristan da Cunha
3311:Ascension Island
3296:Pitcairn Islands
3281:Falkland Islands
3223:Northern Ireland
3186:
3179:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3138:
3129:
3106:
3090:
3071:
3060:
3037:
3028:
3010:
2998:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2961:
2949:
2938:
2926:
2914:
2908:
2900:
2878:
2872:
2864:
2842:
2823:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2802:
2784:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2744:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2721:on 15 March 2012
2705:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2652:. Archived from
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2582:
2576:
2573:Scott-Giles 1953
2570:
2559:
2558:
2542:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2333:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2260:
2239:
2233:
2224:
2218:
2209:
2203:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2186:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2060:
2054:
2041:
2035:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1858:. Archived from
1848:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1797:
1772:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1687:
1675:
1659:
1644:
1579:
1565:
1550:
1516:dukes of Norfolk
1492:Christ's College
1424:Local government
1369:Contemporary use
1085:
1078:
1040:Burgundy ancient
830:passant guardant
807:is most likely.
768:
761:
760:
600:English heraldry
585:Duke of Normandy
557:High Middle Ages
525:system emerged.
523:English heraldry
496:
463:English heraldry
448:
414:lion and unicorn
301:passant guardant
212:
203:arms of dominion
134:
64:
50:
38:
37:
21:
5450:
5449:
5445:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5367:
5325:
5319:
5305:Northern Cyprus
5287:
5281:
5175:North Macedonia
4996:
4991:
4961:
4956:
4950:St George's Day
4925:Royal standards
4908:College of Arms
4874:
4826:
4783:
4753:
4710:
4656:
3965:
3947:
3884:
3831:The Restoration
3775:Elizabethan era
3728:Norman Conquest
3692:
3687:
3657:
3652:
3634:
3601:
3534:
3530:College of Arms
3467:
3458:
3415:
3412:
3382:
3377:
3332:
3237:
3204:
3195:
3190:
3160:
3154:
3126:
3087:
3057:
3023:. Vol. 4.
3015:Knight, Charles
3007:
2981:
2979:
2958:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2839:
2815:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2792:
2787:
2781:Wayback Machine
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2724:
2722:
2707:
2706:
2699:
2689:
2687:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2599:
2597:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2571:
2562:
2555:
2535:
2531:
2523:
2512:
2504:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2482:Fox-Davies 2008
2480:
2469:
2461:
2457:
2450:Arnaud Bunel's
2449:
2445:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2364:
2360:
2349:
2345:
2334:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2294:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2262:
2261:
2242:
2236:Fox-Davies 2008
2234:
2227:
2219:
2212:
2204:
2197:
2184:
2182:
2175:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2132:
2112:
2108:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2076:
2063:
2059:, pp. 4–8.
2055:
2044:
2036:
2019:
2009:
2007:
1994:Parker, James.
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1959:
1955:
1947:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1862:on 30 June 2013
1850:
1849:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1794:Charles Boutell
1773:
1769:
1764:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1714:Heraldry portal
1712:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1679:
1676:
1667:
1660:
1651:
1645:
1630:St George's Day
1598:
1592:
1585:
1580:
1571:
1566:
1557:
1551:
1522:, fifth son of
1508:
1471:
1432:
1426:
1421:
1390:
1376:
1371:
1363:Charles Boutell
1302:
1295:
1289:
1163:
1070:King of Ireland
1066:King Henry VIII
1044:Burgundy modern
983:
949:
924:attributed arms
892:attributed arms
851:
849:
822:
767:
759:
714:
706:Main articles:
704:
692:political union
672:House of Stuart
664:
596:attributed arms
561:House of Nassau
547:(also known as
493:Chronica Majora
469:
459:
284:
266:
169:
70:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5448:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5379:European Union
5375:
5373:
5372:Other entities
5369:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5329:
5327:
5326:other entities
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5291:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5250:United Kingdom
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
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5217:
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5207:
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5110:
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5085:
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5075:
5070:
5065:
5063:Czech Republic
5060:
5055:
5050:
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5025:
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5015:
5010:
5004:
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4895:
4884:
4882:
4876:
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4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4845:English Gothic
4842:
4836:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4825:
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4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4793:
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4780:
4779:
4772:English people
4769:
4763:
4761:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4741:
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4731:
4726:
4720:
4718:
4712:
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4709:
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4691:
4690:
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4687:New Model Army
4679:
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4664:
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4639:
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4019:Lord Protector
4016:
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4001:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3992:House of Lords
3984:
3979:
3974:
3968:
3966:
3964:
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3799:
3797:Gunpowder Plot
3794:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3745:Angevin Empire
3742:
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3469:
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3461:
3459:
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3456:
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3434:Royal Standard
3431:
3425:
3423:
3421:United Kingdom
3417:
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3411:
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3403:
3396:
3388:
3379:
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3333:
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3325:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3276:Cayman Islands
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
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3206:
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3197:
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3189:
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3174:
3166:
3159:
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3139:
3130:
3124:
3107:
3091:
3085:
3072:
3061:
3055:
3038:
3029:
3011:
3005:
2988:
2962:
2956:
2946:The Royal Arms
2939:
2927:
2915:
2895:
2879:
2859:
2843:
2837:
2824:
2816:|journal=
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2766:
2732:
2697:
2680:England Boxing
2667:
2637:
2607:
2577:
2560:
2554:978-0710083975
2553:
2529:
2510:
2508:, p. 247.
2498:
2496:, p. 310.
2494:Keightley 1834
2486:
2484:, p. 474.
2467:
2455:
2443:
2414:
2405:
2393:
2358:
2343:
2323:
2285:
2240:
2238:, p. 607.
2225:
2210:
2208:, pp. 3–6
2195:
2174:978-1856693776
2173:
2149:
2131:978-1409482093
2130:
2106:
2104:, p. 117.
2094:
2082:
2061:
2042:
2017:
1986:
1953:
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1906:
1873:
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1728:England portal
1717:
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1677:
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1622:one pound coin
1614:England Boxing
1591:
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1587:
1586:
1581:
1574:
1572:
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1560:
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1552:
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1532:Charles Lennox
1507:
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1470:
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1425:
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1417:
1386:Main article:
1375:
1374:Royal heraldry
1372:
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1367:
1349:banner of arms
1288:
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1098:Duchy of Milan
1086:
1022:, B. per pale
1005:
1002:
992:
991:
985:
980:
970:
969:
951:
946:
936:
935:
922:abandoned the
917:
914:
904:
903:
885:
882:
872:
871:
862:(powdering of
857:arms of France
853:
846:
836:
835:
824:
819:
809:
808:
796:
793:
783:
782:
779:
776:
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758:
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703:
700:
684:James VI and I
680:personal union
663:
660:
656:arms of France
644:House of Capet
604:Norman dynasty
519:Northern Italy
458:
455:
299:, three lions
265:
262:
258:England Boxing
254:England Hockey
242:arms of Canada
189:
188:
187:
186:
178:(with altered
176:
170:
152:
148:
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142:
136:
135:
126:
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114:
108:
107:
102:
96:
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67:Banner of arms
65:
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52:
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43:
42:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5447:
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5338:Faroe Islands
5336:
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5330:
5328:
5322:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5310:South Ossetia
5308:
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5135:Liechtenstein
5133:
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4909:
4906:
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4893:
4889:
4888:National flag
4886:
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4822:Country dance
4820:
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4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
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4301:
4298:
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4276:
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4271:
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4261:
4258:
4256:
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4248:
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4221:
4218:
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4211:
4208:
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4201:
4198:
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4191:
4188:
4186:
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4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4104:Temp. incert.
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
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4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
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4044:
4042:
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4034:
4032:
4031:Privy Council
4029:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3944:
3943:Orange-Nassau
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
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3881:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
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3859:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3787:Stuart period
3785:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
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3748:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3733:Anglo-Normans
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3684:
3679:
3677:
3672:
3670:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3455:
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3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3409:
3404:
3402:
3397:
3395:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3182:
3180:
3175:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3155:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3125:1-84176-201-6
3121:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3086:1-85534-380-0
3082:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3062:
3058:
3056:0-86288-279-6
3052:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2995:Coats of Arms
2989:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2957:0-904041-20-4
2953:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2937:. H. G. Bohn.
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2898:
2896:0-900594-59-4
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2862:
2860:0-7232-2096-4
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2838:0-900455-21-7
2834:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2808:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2770:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2743:
2736:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2704:
2702:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2596:on 2 May 2010
2595:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2575:, p. 11.
2574:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2556:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2533:
2526:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2507:
2502:
2495:
2490:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2465:, p. 91.
2464:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2418:
2409:
2403:, p. 56.
2402:
2397:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2354:
2347:
2339:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2290:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2222:
2217:
2215:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2192:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2153:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2110:
2103:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2080:, p. 16.
2079:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1837:
1836:Jamieson 1998
1832:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1813:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1718:
1715:
1704:
1693:
1686:
1681:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1643:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1584:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1480:Oriel College
1477:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1459:New Brunswick
1456:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1431:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1380:
1366:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1338:national flag
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1314:heraldic flag
1306:
1300:
1294:
1293:Heraldic flag
1278:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1184:Great Britain
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1053:nombril point
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1003:
998:
994:
993:
989:
986:
981:
976:
972:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
952:
947:
942:
938:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
918:
915:
910:
906:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
886:
883:
878:
874:
873:
869:
865:
864:fleurs-de-lis
861:
858:
854:
847:
842:
838:
837:
833:
831:
825:
820:
815:
811:
810:
806:
802:
797:
794:
789:
784:
773:
766:
762:
754:
752:
748:
744:
741:. Under King
740:
736:
732:
728:
725:in 1792. The
724:
720:
713:
709:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
659:
657:
653:
649:
646:, Edward III
645:
640:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
590:
586:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
540:
536:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
497:in the 1250s.
495:
494:
488:
487:
482:
481:Matthew Paris
478:
473:
468:
464:
454:
452:
447:
446:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
378:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:crosses formy
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
289:
283:
275:
270:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
208:
204:
200:
196:
185:
181:
177:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
154:
153:
149:
146:
143:
141:
137:
133:
132:
127:
125:
121:
118:
115:
113:
109:
106:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
83:
81:
77:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
49:
44:
39:
36:
32:
27:
19:
5315:Transnistria
5277:Vatican City
5254:
4930:Crown Jewels
4915:Royal badges
4903:Coat of arms
4902:
4832:Architecture
4817:Morris dance
4759:Demographics
4682:English Army
4479:
4103:
4068:Star Chamber
3890:Royal Houses
3873:Protectorate
3802:Jacobean era
3765:Tudor period
3630:Welsh Dragon
3564:
3557:
3553:Royal Banner
3497:
3490:
3480:
3306:Saint Helena
3217:
3143:
3134:
3111:
3098:
3076:
3066:
3046:
3033:
3018:
2994:
2980:. Retrieved
2970:
2945:
2934:
2922:
2886:
2850:
2828:
2807:cite journal
2798:
2769:
2757:. Retrieved
2746:
2735:
2725:15 September
2723:. Retrieved
2719:the original
2712:
2688:. Retrieved
2679:
2670:
2660:15 September
2658:. Retrieved
2654:the original
2649:
2640:
2628:. Retrieved
2619:
2610:
2598:. Retrieved
2594:the original
2589:
2580:
2544:
2532:
2525:Boutell 1859
2501:
2489:
2463:Thomson 2001
2458:
2446:
2438:ResearchGate
2433:
2429:
2424:
2417:
2408:
2396:
2386:16 September
2384:. Retrieved
2375:
2372:Coat of Arms
2371:
2361:
2352:
2346:
2337:
2316:18 September
2314:. Retrieved
2305:
2302:Coat of Arms
2301:
2276:. Retrieved
2267:
2190:
2183:. Retrieved
2159:
2152:
2140:. Retrieved
2116:
2109:
2097:
2092:, p. 9.
2085:
2010:18 September
2008:. Retrieved
1999:
1989:
1979:15 September
1977:. Retrieved
1968:The Guardian
1966:
1956:
1929:. Retrieved
1918:
1909:
1864:. Retrieved
1860:the original
1855:
1852:"Union Jack"
1831:
1824:Boutell 1859
1784:
1775:
1770:
1599:
1556:Town Council
1509:
1490:the arms of
1472:
1448:
1445:
1437:Cinque Ports
1433:
1414:
1391:
1346:
1333:
1328:, or by the
1325:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1231:
1224:inescutcheon
1121:
1113:
1109:
1051:
890:adopted the
859:
827:
805:lion rampant
804:
800:
781:Description
751:inescutcheon
737:to form the
715:
665:
641:
632:Hohenstaufen
593:
573:
552:
533:
527:
500:
484:
476:
438:
424:
418:
402:Welsh dragon
390:Tudor period
379:
371:
348:
329:
322:
317:
313:
295:
285:
239:
213:1200 by the
199:coat of arms
194:
192:
104:
35:
26:
5353:Isle of Man
5288:recognition
5235:Switzerland
5170:Netherlands
4855:Elizabethan
4840:Anglo-Saxon
4061:Elizabethan
4051:Anglo-Saxon
3977:Curia regis
3918:Plantagenet
3868:Proprietary
3836:Popish Plot
3814:Interregnum
3738:The Anarchy
3615:Royal Badge
3510:Tudor Crown
3373:Isle of Man
2185:16 February
2142:16 February
2038:Knight 1835
1949:Briggs 1971
1512:differenced
1486:, while at
1257:William III
1212:William III
1146:Elizabeth I
1056:) per pale
1026:and Aragon-
775:Escutcheon
757:Development
729:united the
668:Elizabeth I
507:5th century
505:around the
437:, who used
398:Elizabeth I
388:during the
374:Elizabeth I
325:achievement
264:Description
172:Unofficial
160:of current
5399:Categories
5205:San Marino
5165:Montenegro
5145:Luxembourg
5125:Kazakhstan
5028:Azerbaijan
4935:Tudor rose
4865:Queen Anne
4694:Royal Navy
4046:Governance
4036:Ministries
3987:Parliament
3548:Royal arms
3525:Supporters
3519:Tudor rose
3481:Royal arms
3291:Montserrat
2999:. Pitkin.
2759:15 January
2714:Royal Mint
2600:15 January
2506:James 1840
2278:4 February
1971:. Loncon.
1866:15 January
1804:References
1626:Royal Mail
1618:Royal Mint
1594:See also:
1590:Other uses
1536:Charles II
1455:Chichester
1451:Canterbury
1441:dimidiated
1428:See also:
1291:See also:
1118:quartering
1094:escutcheon
888:Richard II
832:in pale or
580:Great Seal
576:escutcheon
461:See also:
421:Old French
382:supporters
344:Henry VIII
336:great seal
332:Edward III
280:See also:
112:Supporters
5343:Gibraltar
5140:Lithuania
4945:St George
4716:Geography
4481:1642–1660
4130:1422–1460
4125:1413–1421
4120:1399–1411
4115:1377–1397
4110:1327–1376
4098:1308–1325
4093:1275–1307
4088:1225–1267
3923:Lancaster
3903:Knýtlinga
3807:Civil War
3716:Heptarchy
3486:Standards
3286:Gibraltar
2921:(2008) .
2905:cite book
2869:cite book
2849:(1978) .
2620:ecb.co.uk
2401:Ross 2002
1931:28 August
1809:Citations
1782:explains:
1620:issued a
1484:Edward II
1469:Corporate
1402:Henry III
1273:1702–1707
1248:1694–1702
1200:1689–1694
1164:1660–1689
1162:1603–1649
1142:1558–1603
1004:1554–1558
988:Edward IV
984:1471–1554
982:1461–1470
950:1470–1471
948:1422–1461
916:1406–1422
884:1395–1399
852:1399–1406
850:1369–1395
848:1340–1360
823:1360–1369
821:1198–1340
795:1189–1198
733:with the
563:and the
439:Sovereyne
363:Henry VII
359:Edward IV
334:'s third
219:quartered
180:tinctures
5363:Svalbard
5348:Guernsey
5295:Abkhazia
5265:Scotland
5220:Slovenia
5215:Slovakia
5190:Portugal
5048:Bulgaria
4940:Oak tree
4898:Heraldry
4870:Georgian
4860:Jacobean
4812:Folklore
4797:Religion
4724:Counties
4662:Military
4056:Medieval
4009:Monarchy
3956:Politics
3908:Normandy
3706:Timeline
3648:Heraldry
3540:Scotland
3351:Alderney
3346:Guernsey
3251:Anguilla
3228:Scotland
3097:(1953).
3047:Heraldry
3045:(1993).
2976:Archived
2968:(1840).
2933:(1853).
2885:(1981).
2777:Archived
2753:Archived
2684:Archived
2624:Archived
2380:Archived
2310:Archived
2272:Archived
2179:Archived
2136:Archived
2004:Archived
1973:Archived
1925:Archived
1787:misnomer
1785:It is a
1778:(1909),
1700:See also
1554:Hastings
1524:Edward I
1506:Personal
1354:misnomer
1330:misnomer
1204:James II
1106:Biscione
1058:Flanders
958:impaling
954:Henry VI
926:of King
920:Henry IV
900:impaling
894:of King
624:Henry II
549:leopards
537:, three
435:Henry IV
386:invented
351:Henry VI
318:leopards
303:in pale
158:quarters
140:Order(s)
55:Versions
5255:England
5245:Ukraine
5195:Romania
5155:Moldova
5113:Ireland
5108:Iceland
5103:Hungary
5093:Germany
5088:Georgia
5078:Finland
5073:Estonia
5068:Denmark
5053:Croatia
5038:Belgium
5033:Belarus
5023:Austria
5018:Armenia
5013:Andorra
5008:Albania
4880:Symbols
4807:Cuisine
4789:Culture
4749:Palaces
4744:Castles
4729:Islands
4704:History
4675:Warfare
4026:Peerage
3913:Angevin
3698:History
3473:England
3256:Bermuda
3218:England
2982:12 June
2925:. READ.
2790:Sources
2432:].
1253:Mary II
1216:impaled
1208:Mary II
1168:James I
1096:of the
1048:Brabant
1036:Austria
1032:Granada
1016:Castile
778:Period
457:History
451:Henry V
380:Animal
340:chapeau
235:Hanover
197:is the
117:Various
91:Adopted
80:Armiger
5358:Jersey
5300:Kosovo
5240:Turkey
5230:Sweden
5210:Serbia
5200:Russia
5185:Poland
5180:Norway
5160:Monaco
5130:Latvia
5098:Greece
5083:France
5058:Cyprus
4734:Places
4078:Tories
3938:Stuart
3898:Wessex
3515:Badges
3368:Jersey
3150:
3122:
3083:
3053:
3003:
2954:
2893:
2857:
2835:
2690:15 May
2676:"Home"
2630:4 July
2551:
2171:
2128:
1608:, the
1498:, and
1340:, the
1324:, the
1320:, the
1228:Nassau
1220:dexter
1114:argent
1102:Sforza
1028:Sicily
1024:Aragon
1012:Philip
1008:Mary I
966:dexter
682:under
587:, and
530:blazon
423:motto
410:Stuart
312:. The
292:blazon
288:dexter
274:ermine
233:, and
227:France
100:Shield
5333:Åland
5270:Wales
5225:Spain
5150:Malta
5120:Italy
4850:Tudor
4739:Towns
4699:Ships
4073:Whigs
3972:Witan
3933:Tudor
3863:Crown
3607:Wales
3233:Wales
2428:[
1762:Notes
1408:when
1110:azure
1108:, an
1062:Tyrol
553:azure
545:lions
535:Gules
431:motto
367:monde
309:Azure
297:Gules
124:Motto
4892:list
4777:list
4652:1706
4647:1705
4642:1704
4637:1703
4632:1702
4627:1701
4622:1700
4617:1698
4612:1697
4607:1696
4602:1695
4597:1694
4592:1693
4587:1692
4582:1691
4577:1690
4572:1689
4567:1688
4562:1685
4557:1680
4552:1679
4547:1678
4542:1677
4537:1675
4532:1672
4527:1670
4522:1667
4517:1666
4512:1665
4507:1664
4502:1663
4497:1662
4492:1661
4487:1660
4475:1640
4470:1627
4465:1625
4460:1623
4455:1620
4450:1609
4445:1606
4440:1605
4435:1603
4430:1601
4425:1597
4420:1592
4415:1588
4410:1586
4405:1584
4400:1580
4395:1575
4390:1572
4385:1571
4380:1566
4375:1562
4370:1558
4365:1557
4360:1555
4355:1554
4350:1553
4345:1551
4340:1549
4335:1548
4330:1547
4325:1546
4320:1545
4315:1543
4310:1542
4305:1541
4300:1540
4295:1539
4290:1536
4285:1535
4280:1534
4275:1533
4270:1532
4265:1531
4260:1530
4255:1529
4250:1523
4245:1515
4240:1514
4235:1513
4230:1512
4225:1511
4220:1509
4215:1503
4210:1496
4205:1495
4200:1491
4195:1488
4190:1487
4185:1485
4180:1483
4175:1482
4170:1477
4165:1474
4160:1472
4155:1468
4150:1467
4145:1464
4140:1463
4135:1461
3928:York
3361:Sark
3356:Herm
3148:ISBN
3120:ISBN
3081:ISBN
3051:ISBN
3001:ISBN
2984:2021
2952:ISBN
2911:link
2891:ISBN
2875:link
2855:ISBN
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