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All these offshoots (new settlements) came from villages of Ngolo situated north of the reserve, in an area which was very thickly populated and therefore very heavily farmed. The local inhabitants did not reside in their farms but only visited them from their villages which therefore excluded their rights to reside within the created reserve. All farm settlements i.e. farms in which houses were erected were excluded from the reserve. Though, the boundaries have been fixed clear of those villages in order to allow as much land and room for expansion as is necessary, these village boundaries were not clearly defined. This is because, no information was provided outside the reserve on the area to be available for farming. Therefore, there is insufficient knowledge on how much farming land was made available, hence, difficulties are arising as the village populations continue to grow and as more land for farming is cleared.
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208:(caraboard) and for all other trees except timber according to Forestry Ordinance No 38/37. All these were for strictly domestic use within the villages and not for sale or bartered outside. Villagers were also allowed to take cocoa from trees in farms existing at the time of the reserve officer’s judgment dated 20 April 1938 but not to extend such farms or to plant new trees. The villagers were also allowed the right to collect produce from existing farms within the reserve for a period of four years commencing from 1 April 1938.
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after a tour round the approximate boundaries, suggested that about 640 km could be reserved. This figure was found to be too high owing to the presence in the middle of the reserve of many hitherto unknown villages. The area of the reserve was reduced to over 290 km in 1941 and later expanded to 455 km in 1961.
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legumes. Trees may reach heights of 35 m with a canopy and foliage cover ranging from 60% to 90%. The canopy is usually full of climbers and the cloud forests appearance is as a result of the ever-present epiphytes. This diverse landscape of the RHFR supports habitats for a wide range of animals some
199:
According to
Section 23 of the Forestry Ordinance and in accordance with Section 22 of the said Ordinance, all that piece of land, the situation and limits of which were set forth as demarcated by Mr F.S Collier in 1937, only one enclave existed within the forest zone (Bweme Ngolo). The rest, part of
195:
This forest reserve encompasses some 52 villages and 19 farm settlements, where these settlements emanated at various times from their parent villages in northern Ngolo. These did not appear as separate villages in the tax registers since their inhabitants paid their taxes to their parent villages.
184:
The proposal that part of the Rumpi hills forests should be made a forest reserve was first made by Mr
Donovan Rosevear in a memorandum written in 1933 on the potential forest reserves of the Kumba Division, Cameroon. The actual preliminary survey of the area was done by Mr F.S. Collier in 1937 who
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The reserve is composed of land belonging to the Ngolo, Bima and Balue tribes, the first two form part of the North West while the latter, forms part of the South East area. Most of the villages are on top of the hills, so that, a more or less vertical climb of anything up to 400 meters has to be
293:
Given that the RHFR varies in terms of heights above sea level with its highest point Rata
Mountain tipping at 1800 m, there is some diversity in terms of vegetation. For example, along with an elevation gradient between 900–1800 m consists of an extension of sub-montane forests. In general, the
164:
The
Northern boundary is the road from Lipenja Mukete through Ikoi and Dikome Ngolo to Madie. The Southern boundary goes through Nalende, Monyange, Itoki and Ilor to Moko. Meanwhile, the Eastern boundary goes through Dikome Balue, Mofako, Itende to Bisoro. Finally, the West boundary goes through
284:
zone, the area exhibits two seasons; the dry season from
November to April and the rainy season from May to October with annual rainfall that ranges between 4027–6368 mm. Mean monthly maximum temperatures in the dry season are estimated at 31.8°C and 18.2°C during the rainy season. The relative
216:
Given that majority of the population is rural with little opportunities for livelihood diversification, over 90% of the local population is engaged in agriculture. Cultivated food crops include cocoyams, plantains, yams, and cassava while cash crops are oil palm, rubber tree, and cocoa. The
220:
Aside from agriculture, other livelihood activities in the RHFR include the harvesting of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), animal rearing and petit trading mostly as off-season jobs when pressure on crop cultivation is reduced. Others are employed as laborers in Pamol
Plantations Plc,
203:
Additionally, the villagers had the right to collect food material and other minor non-timber forest products used in the villages which were not to be sold or bartered outside. The villagers also had rights to collect building poles and materials and fuel from
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Mukete, B., Sun, Y., Etongo, D., Ekoungoulou, R., Folega, F., Sajjad, S., Ngoe, M and Ndiaye, G (2018c). Household characteristics and forest resources dependence in the Rumpi hills of
Cameroon. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research
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their forests and lands were cut as the reserve was traced. Recently, many villages have crossed into the forest land though they were allowed to hunt and fish with respect to the
Wildlife Animals Preservation Ordinance, CAP. 99.
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division, South West Region of
Cameroon. Previously known as the Rumpi Hills Native Administration Forest Reserve, it was created by Forestry Ordinance No 38 of 1937 and approved by Forestry Ordinance No 16756/79 of 2 July 1941.
562:
Mukete, B., Sun, Y., Ayonghe, S., Ojong, L., Itoe, C and
Tamungang, R. (2017a). Adaptation of women to climate variability in the southern slopes of the Rumpi hills of Cameroon. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 5:
556:
Kimengsi, J and Lambi, C (2015). Pamol Plantations Plc: prelude to a looming population problem in Ekondo-Titi sub-division, south west region of Cameroon. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa 17(3):79-95.
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Etongo, D and Glover, K (2012). Participatory resource mapping for livelihood values derived from the forest in Ekondo-Titi subregion, Cameroon: A gender analysis. International Journal of Forestry Research
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Lyonga, N (2012). Reducing tropical deforestation and degradation: an evaluation of subsistence agro-forestry systems around Korup National Park, Cameroon. MSc Thesis. University of Buea, Cameroon.
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Patterns of distribution and Endemism of Plants in the Cameroon Mountains: A case study of Protected Areas in Cameroon: Rumpi Hills Forest Reserve (RHFR) and the Kimbi Fungom National Park (KFNP)
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Chuyong, G., Kenfack, D., Harms, K., Thomas, W., Condit, R and Comita, L (2011). Habitat specificity and diversity of tree species in an African wet tropical forest. Plant Ecology 212:1363–1374.
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Mukete, B (2018). A Study on Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the Rumpi Hills Forests of Cameroon. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Forest Management, Beijing Forestry University, China.
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SWPA (2016). Southwest Provincial Archives. The Rumpi Hills Native Administration Forest Reserve. Archives No Qh/c/1938/1, File No 16756 at Southwest Provincial Archives Buea, Cameroon.
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Meanwhile, in high altitude forest areas of Dikome Balue and Toko local councils, hunting and NTFPs gathering are important activities for the local communities. Gathered NTFPs include
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establishment of huge agro-industrial companies like Pamol Plantation Plc close to the southern border and SG Sustainable Oils Cameroon nearer the north border is a cause for concern.
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Dibonda and Ndian and Ituka to Lipenja which is also the starting point of the reserve. These boundaries give the Rumpi Hills Forest Reserve a horse-shoe shape.
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Yerima, K., & Van Ranst, E. (2005). Major soil classification systems used in the tropics: Soils of Cameroon (pp. 144). Canada: Trafford Publishing.
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The reserve was originally created in 1941. The hills are late tertiary volcanic rocks. Fauna include elephants, chimpanzee,
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of which are endemic. Over 198 bird species have been identified, including the endangered white-throated mountain-babbler (
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857:
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317:). Additionally, many tropical montane mammal, reptile and amphibian species such as the endangered Drill (
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The Rumpi Hills Forest Reserve (RHFR) is located at latitude 4°51′26″ N and longitude 9°07′15″ E in
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Opportunities for community-based wildlife management: a case study from the Korup region, Cameroon
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humidity is high during most of the year with minimum monthly values ranging between 78% and 90%.
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clays and sandstones which may have emanated from various volcanic eruptions. Located within the
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569:"Assessing the drivers of land use change in the Rumpi hills forest protected area, Cameroon"
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Beckline, Mukete; Yujun, Sun; Etongo, Daniel; Saeed, Sajjad; Mannan, Abdul (2018).
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544:"Important bird areas factsheet: Mount Rata and Rumpi Hills Forest Reserve"
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137:. This site is 452 square kilometres (175 sq mi) in area.
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VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources)
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661:. Cameroon: Tropical Plant Exploration Group (TroPEG).
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176:faced before reaching a village or settlement.
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268:) and varieties of edible mushroom species.
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107:452 square kilometres (175 sq mi)
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858:Mekonge Integral Ecological Reserve
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361:. World Database on Protected Areas
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311:) and green-breasted bush-shrike (
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386:. Cuvillier Verlag. p. 34.
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573:Journal of Sustainable Forestry
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359:"Rumpi Hills Wildlife Reserve"
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863:Mont Nlonako Wildlife Reserve
585:10.1080/10549811.2018.1449121
546:. Accessed 11 September 2016.
529:BirdLife International, 2014.
511:Yerima & Van Ranst, 2005.
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16:Wildlife preserve in Cameroon
868:Rumpi Hills Wildlife Reserve
641:"Rumpi Hills Forest Reserve"
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123:Rumpi Hills Wildlife Reserve
25:Rumpi Hills Wildlife Reserve
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894:Protected areas of Cameroon
697:Protected areas of Cameroon
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817:Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary
812:Kagwene Gorilla Sanctuary
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621:"Rumpi Hills in Cameroon"
466:Kimengsi and Lambi, 2015.
380:Innocent Tchigio (2007).
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848:Lake Ossa Faunal Reserve
341:) have been identified.
338:Trichobatrachus robustus
253:Afrostyrax lepidophyllus
247:Ricinodendron heudelotii
305:), whitenecked pigeon (
152:Location and habitation
833:Bakossi Forest Reserve
320:Mandrillus leucophaeus
265:Archachatina marginata
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853:Mbambe Forest Reserve
826:Other protected areas
652:Sainge, N.M. (2016).
647:. Geographical Names.
520:Mukete et al., 2018c.
490:Chuyong et al., 2011.
478:Mukete et al., 2017a.
424:Mukete et al., 2018b.
314:Malaconotus gladiator
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88:4.857338°N 9.120712°E
843:Ebo Wildlife Reserve
800:Wildlife sanctuaries
234:Irvingia gabonsensis
282:equatorial climatic
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838:Dja Faunal Reserve
335:) and Hairy frog (
302:Kupeornis gilberti
250:), country onion (
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93:4.857338; 9.120712
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761:Mbam Djerem
741:Douala Edéa
731:Campo Ma'an
721:Bouba Njida
415:SWPA, 2016.
278:Precambrian
238:bitter cola
223:smallholder
133:in western
131:Rumpi Hills
112:Established
91: /
67:Coordinates
883:Categories
726:Boumba Bek
553:2012:1-10.
433:SWPA, 2016
365:29 October
345:References
230:bush mango
786:Takamanda
736:Deng Deng
272:Geography
79:9°07′15″E
76:4°51′26″N
593:90942550
563:272-279.
135:Cameroon
711:Bakossi
537:Sources
212:Economy
180:History
129:in the
127:reserve
756:Lobéké
716:Bénoué
591:
390:
771:Mefou
751:Korup
589:S2CID
158:Ndian
142:drill
125:is a
791:Waza
746:Faro
633:WCMC
629:UNEP
388:ISBN
367:2011
144:and
121:The
115:1941
104:Area
781:Nki
581:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
