238:
630:
276:
625:
451:
497:
116:
198:
394:
693:
537:
325:
653:
symbol alluding to a wolf trap, and is still found on the municipal arms of a number of German towns and cities. It was adopted by a fifteenth-century peasants' uprising, thus acquiring an association with liberty and independence. The Nazi Party adopted the symbol during its early years and it was
185:
for his work. The device had a double meaning; as well as standing for the initials of the SS, it could be read as a rallying cry of "Victory, Victory!". The symbol became so ubiquitous that it was frequently typeset using runes rather than letters; during the Nazi period, an extra key was added to
352:
programme which supported the "racially, biologically, and hereditarily valuable families" of SS members and other "Aryans". This interpretation of the "man" rune is not based on List, but it occurs as early as the 1920s in the literature of
Germanic mysticism, and it came to be widely used within
317:
rune of the
Younger Futhark, which stood for "hail", but it was modified by von List for his Armanen runes. List considered it to be the "mother rune" of his runic alphabet and envisaged it as a representation of a hexagonal crystal.
1489:
990:
578:" or battle rune, symbolising military leadership. The SS commonly used it in place of the Christian cross on the grave markers of its members. It was also used by graduates of the SA
746:
295:
Armanen rune was widely used in the SS for its symbolic representation of "unshakeable faith" in Nazi philosophy, as
Himmler put it. It was used in SS weddings as well as on the
1447:
1230:
983:
1191:
675:
1703:
580:
976:
1087:
1392:
1094:
256:
179:
runes drawn side by side like lightning bolts, and was soon adopted by all branches of the SS – though Heck himself received only a token payment of 2.5
17:
1599:
1478:
1722:
1644:
383:
for "died") came to be used in obituaries and on tomb stones as marking birth and death dates, replacing asterisk and cross symbols (* for "born",
1680:
1715:
1651:
1197:
671:
423:
530:". It was used by the SS to represent death on documents and grave markers in place of the more conventional †symbol used for such purposes.
1593:
1542:
1203:
574:
sometimes associated with war. Based on the link between the historical rune and battle, the SS developed the idea of the insignia as the "
1176:
1040:
1015:
1208:
1124:
1035:
753:
33:
1321:
1101:
1029:
1022:
1620:
1685:
1220:
683:
1614:
1225:
592:, which was assembled from the members of SS schools in January 1945, as well as by the SS Recruitment and Training Department
1577:
1330:
959:
940:
478:
1763:
1245:
1171:
585:
1664:
1397:
1134:
486:(SA). The symbol was adopted by the Nazis after 1923 to commemorate the party members who died in Adolf Hitler's failed
439:
1066:
1050:
655:
584:, which trained SS officers until 1934; they wore it on their upper left arms. It was adopted as an emblem by the
154:
was based) translate as "sun", however, von List reinterpreted it as a victory sign when he compiled his list of "
32:
This article is about esoteric insignia used by the
Schutzstaffel. For Schutzstaffel insignia more generally, see
1604:
1181:
1163:
411:
rune was used by the SS to symbolise several values of central importance to Nazi ideology. It was based on the
1279:
1500:
1186:
302:
1045:
431:
115:
1753:
1572:
1270:
1658:
1567:
1456:
1773:
885:
870:
710:
symbols appeared on the SS death's head ring and were used to symbolise good fortune and success.
422:
rune, with further addition of "feet" or "serifs". During the Second World War it was used by the
301:(death's head ring) worn by members of the SS. The rune was also used as division insignia of the
171:
who worked as a graphic designer for
Ferdinand Hoffstatter, a producer of emblems and insignia in
1768:
603:
As well as List's
Armanen runes, the SS used a number of other esoteric symbols. These included:
1463:
1562:
1108:
968:
1418:
1432:
291:
952:
Hitler's Master of the Dark Arts: Himmler's Black
Knights and the Occult Origins of the SS
8:
1371:
727:
1582:
167:
1519:
1343:
1305:
1537:
1350:
1291:
1255:
955:
936:
571:
1758:
1364:
1141:
487:
64:. They also represented virtues seen as desirable in SS members, and were based on
367:
rune came to be seen as the "life rune" inverted and interpreted as "death rune" (
1336:
1298:
357:
and Nazi
Germany, e.g. in official prescriptions for the various uniforms of the
722:
359:
237:
71:
1747:
1526:
1214:
527:
523:
412:
155:
78:
52:
1425:
1000:
559:
476:
or Eihwaz rune – preceded the Nazis, as it was first adopted after 1918 by
372:
346:
rune and was used by the
Lebensborn e. V., the SS body responsible for the
297:
224:
75:
1552:
228:
161:
1357:
645:
354:
348:
180:
86:
629:
275:
56:(SS) flags, uniforms and other items as symbols of various aspects of
1730:
1507:
1077:
624:
450:
444:, which was responsible for maintaining the racial purity of the SS.
265:
65:
61:
496:
654:
subsequently widely used by the SS, including by units such as the
650:
197:
255:
rune was used to symbolise the communitarian ideal of the SS. The
1285:
393:
998:
269:
unit, adopted the rune as a variant of its divisional insignia.
692:
419:
314:
220:
57:
563:
567:
536:
384:
343:
146:
82:
387:
for "died") conventionally used in this context in
Germany.
172:
27:
Insignia based on runes used by the Nazi paramilitary group
899:
897:
895:
893:
598:
324:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
482:
war veterans' movement that eventually merged with the
223:
rune. During the early years of the SS it was used by
909:
890:
778:
776:
774:
186:
German typewriters to enable them to type the double-
823:
788:
160:
It was adapted into the emblem of the SS in 1933 by
747:"Extreme Right Wing symbols, numbers, and acronyms"
847:
835:
811:
771:
85:. Some of these insignias continue to be used by
1745:
1681:Orders, decorations, and medals of Nazi Germany
215:rune is a rotated and reflected version of the
672:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
92:
984:
555:
519:
473:
415:
380:
376:
310:
216:
145:
1728:
682:, which was raised from Dutch Nazis and the
432:23rd SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "
257:11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division "
752:. Greater Manchester Police. Archived from
81:, which he loosely based on the historical
991:
977:
867:Gott jenseits von theismus und pantheismus
34:Uniforms and insignia of the Schutzstaffel
1075:
930:
915:
903:
829:
805:
684:4th SS Polizei Panzergrenadier Division
14:
1746:
676:34th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "
586:32nd SS Volunteer Grenadier Division "
50:) were used from the 1920s to 1945 on
972:
949:
853:
841:
817:
782:
599:Other esoteric symbols used by the SS
518:or "life rune". It was based on the
424:7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division "
24:
18:Runic insignia of the Schutzstaffel
1605:Russian Protective Corps in Serbia
472:rune, is a rotated version of the
25:
1785:
1067:Comparative ranks of Nazi Germany
935:. Osprey Publishing. p. 17.
404:Kinship, family, and blood unity
175:. Heck's device consisted of two
1398:Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce
999:Ranks, uniforms and insignia of
691:
628:
623:
554:rune followed the design of the
535:
495:
449:
392:
342:or "life rune" was based on the
323:
274:
236:
196:
114:
1182:National Socialist Flyers Corps
670:, the paramilitary wing of the
514:is the inverted version of the
441:SS-Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt
309:. It is roughly similar to the
227:'s personal adjutants, such as
1192:National Socialist Motor Corps
954:. Zenith Imprint. p. 68.
874:
859:
739:
13:
1:
1187:German Air Sports Association
869:, Junker und DĂĽnnhaupt, 1928.
733:
190:logo with a single keystroke
1600:Independent State of Croatia
649:('wolf hook') was used as a
7:
1764:Runes in Germanic mysticism
1149:Esoteric insignia of the SS
882:Organisationsbuch der NSDAP
716:
93:Pseudo-runes used by the SS
10:
1790:
1271:Reich Security Main Office
1231:Women's Auxiliary Services
924:
526:, which originally meant "
303:6th SS Mountain Division "
31:
1696:
1673:
1636:
1568:Byelorussian Home Defence
1477:
1446:
1410:
1385:
1319:
1269:
1243:
1162:
1122:
1059:
1007:
640:Liberty and independence
41:esoteric insignia of the
1501:Groupe mobile de réserve
656:2nd SS Panzer Division "
89:individuals and groups.
46:(known in German as the
1573:Russian Liberation Army
1543:Italian Social Republic
1479:Collaborationist forces
1164:Nazi Paramilitary ranks
931:Lumsden, Robin (1993).
468:rune – which, like the
1729:
1051:League of German Girls
562:which was named after
375:era, these two runes (
140:) symbolised victory (
1331:Administrative police
547:Leadership in battle
1464:Deutsche Jägerschaft
1204:Reich Labour Service
1198:Reichsluftschutzbund
950:Yenne, Bill (2010).
728:Nazism and occultism
150:-rune (on which the
144:). The names of the
1457:Forstschutzkommando
1372:Technische Nothilfe
1109:Geheime Feldpolizei
678:Landstorm Nederland
662:. A variant of the
1344:Feuerschutzpolizei
1306:Sicherheitspolizei
1060:Ranks and insignia
581:ReichsfĂĽhrerschule
62:Germanic mysticism
1754:Military insignia
1741:
1740:
1632:
1631:
1473:
1472:
1442:
1441:
1406:
1405:
1381:
1380:
1351:Luftschutzpolizei
1315:
1314:
1292:Sicherheitsdienst
1265:
1264:
1256:Bahnschutzpolizei
1239:
1238:
1221:Organisation Todt
1158:
1157:
1118:
1117:
961:978-0-7603-3778-3
942:978-1-85532-358-2
933:The Allgemeine-SS
865:Hermann Schwarz,
714:
713:
596:
595:
572:Germanic paganism
438:, as well as the
122:doppelte Siegrune
16:(Redirected from
1781:
1734:
1508:Milice française
1475:
1474:
1444:
1443:
1408:
1407:
1383:
1382:
1365:Schutzmannschaft
1317:
1316:
1267:
1266:
1241:
1240:
1209:German Red Cross
1160:
1159:
1120:
1119:
1073:
1072:
993:
986:
979:
970:
969:
965:
946:
919:
913:
907:
901:
888:
878:
872:
863:
857:
851:
845:
839:
833:
827:
821:
815:
809:
803:
786:
780:
769:
768:
766:
764:
758:
751:
743:
695:
668:Weer Afdeelingen
666:was used by the
632:
627:
606:
605:
557:
539:
521:
499:
488:Beer Hall Putsch
475:
453:
417:
396:
382:
378:
327:
312:
286:Faith in Nazism
278:
248:Communal spirit
240:
218:
208:Zeal/enthusiasm
200:
168:SturmhauptfĂĽhrer
149:
118:
97:
96:
21:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1774:Fascist symbols
1744:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1692:
1669:
1628:
1615:Slovak Republic
1611:Czechoslovakia
1563:Armenian Legion
1469:
1438:
1419:Transportflotte
1402:
1377:
1322:Ordnungspolizei
1311:
1299:Zollgrenzschutz
1280:Kriminalpolizei
1261:
1235:
1154:
1114:
1071:
1055:
1003:
997:
962:
943:
927:
922:
914:
910:
902:
891:
879:
875:
864:
860:
852:
848:
840:
836:
828:
824:
816:
812:
804:
789:
781:
772:
762:
760:
756:
749:
745:
744:
740:
736:
719:
601:
464:The use of the
95:
83:runic alphabets
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1787:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1769:Nazi symbolism
1766:
1761:
1756:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1594:Einsatzstaffel
1587:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1538:Black Brigades
1532:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1483:
1481:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1452:
1450:
1448:Forest Service
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1433:Transportkorps
1429:
1422:
1414:
1412:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1283:
1275:
1273:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1249:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1130:
1128:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1083:
1081:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1004:
996:
995:
988:
981:
973:
967:
966:
960:
947:
941:
926:
923:
921:
920:
908:
889:
873:
858:
846:
834:
822:
810:
787:
770:
759:on 12 May 2020
737:
735:
732:
731:
730:
725:
723:Nazi symbolism
718:
715:
712:
711:
704:
701:
696:
688:
687:
641:
638:
633:
620:
619:
616:
613:
610:
600:
597:
594:
593:
548:
545:
540:
532:
531:
508:
505:
500:
492:
491:
484:Sturmabteilung
462:
459:
454:
446:
445:
405:
402:
397:
389:
388:
360:Sturmabteilung
336:
333:
328:
320:
319:
287:
284:
279:
271:
270:
249:
246:
241:
233:
232:
209:
206:
201:
193:
192:
130:
124:
119:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
94:
91:
72:Guido von List
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1786:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:Corps colours
1635:
1623:
1622:
1621:Vládnà vojsko
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:Soviet Union
1558:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1527:Statspolitiet
1524:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1496:Vichy France
1495:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1142:Allgemeine SS
1139:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1125:Schutzstaffel
1121:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
994:
989:
987:
982:
980:
975:
974:
971:
963:
957:
953:
948:
944:
938:
934:
929:
928:
918:, p. 27.
917:
912:
906:, p. 19.
905:
900:
898:
896:
894:
886:
883:
877:
871:
868:
862:
856:, p. 27.
855:
850:
844:, p. 26.
843:
838:
832:, p. 15.
831:
826:
820:, p. 71.
819:
814:
808:, p. 18.
807:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
785:, p. 68.
784:
779:
777:
775:
755:
748:
742:
738:
729:
726:
724:
721:
720:
709:
705:
702:
700:
697:
694:
690:
689:
685:
681:
679:
673:
669:
665:
661:
659:
652:
648:
647:
642:
639:
637:
634:
631:
626:
622:
621:
617:
614:
611:
608:
607:
604:
591:
589:
583:
582:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
553:
549:
546:
544:
541:
538:
534:
533:
529:
525:
517:
513:
509:
506:
504:
501:
498:
494:
493:
489:
485:
481:
480:
479:Der Stahlhelm
471:
467:
463:
460:
458:
455:
452:
448:
447:
443:
442:
437:
435:
429:
427:
421:
414:
413:Elder Futhark
410:
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1172:Nazi Party
1147:(see also
854:Yenne 2010
842:Yenne 2010
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516:Lebensrune
461:Sacrifice
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1697:Flags
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757:(PDF)
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612:Name
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