1122:
state in the 15th and 16th centuries, and the gradual re-emergence of a common political, economic, and cultural space created the need for a common standard language. The initial impulse for standardization came from the government bureaucracy for the lack of a reliable tool of communication in administrative, legal, and judicial affairs became an obvious practical problem. The earliest attempts at standardizing
Russian were made based on the so-called Moscow official or chancery language, during the 15th to 17th centuries. Since then, the trend of language policy in Russia has been standardization in both the restricted sense of reducing dialectical barriers between ethnic Russians, and the broader sense of expanding the use of Russian alongside or in favour of other languages.
1264:
1287:
669:
8070:
5734:
5667:
74:
485:
453:
1179:
4347:: Nominative (for the grammatical subject), Accusative (for direct objects), Dative (for indirect objects), Genitive (to indicate possession or relation), Instrumental (to indicate 'with' or 'by means of'), and Prepositional (used after the locative prepositions в "in", на "on", о "about", при "in the presence of"). Verbs of motion in Russian – such as 'go', 'walk', 'run', 'swim', and 'fly' – use the imperfective or perfective form to indicate a single or return trip, and also use a multitude of
1252:
1932:
4707:
4360:
513:
621:
17440:
5430:
17558:
1232:
469:
4243:
1338:, Russian is spoken by 29.6% of the population, according to a 2011 estimate from the World Factbook, and is officially considered a foreign language. School education in the Russian language is a very contentious point in Estonian politics, and in 2022, the parliament approved a bill to close up all Russian language schools and kindergartens by the school year. The transition to only Estonian language schools and kindergartens will start in the 2024-2025 school year.
4189:
17452:
2472:
345:
312:
296:
279:
5444:
379:
633:
12014:
17490:
657:
645:
609:
405:
365:
263:
597:
4606:
17575:
419:
17541:
17524:
5416:
1163:
and the mobility of the worker population generate another process: the liquidation of peasant inheritance by way of leveling the particulars of local dialects. On the ruins of peasant multilingual, in the context of developing heavy industry, a qualitatively new entity can be said to emerge—the general language of the working class... capitalism has the tendency of creating the general urban language of a given society.
1187:
247:
1150:, the spoken form of the Russian language was that of the nobility and the urban bourgeoisie. Russian peasants, the great majority of the population, continued to speak in their own dialects. However, the peasants' speech was never systematically studied, as it was generally regarded by philologists as simply a source of folklore and an object of curiosity. This was acknowledged by the noted Russian dialectologist
17507:
4670:— "high style") in favor of grammar and vocabulary found in the spoken language of the time. Even modern readers of younger age may only experience slight difficulties understanding some words in Pushkin's texts, since relatively few words used by Pushkin have become archaic or changed meaning. In fact, many expressions used by Russian writers of the early 19th century, in particular Pushkin,
1365:) should be only in Latvian or a language that "belongs to the European cultural space". The financing of Russian-language content by the state will cease, which the concept says create a "unified information space". However, one inevitable consequence would be the closure of public media broadcasts in Russian on LTV and Latvian Radio, as well as the closure of LSM's Russian-language service.
1417:, Russian is a significant minority language. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 14,400,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 29 million active speakers. 65% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 38% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. On 5 September 2017, Ukraine's Parliament passed a
1909:. Websites in former Soviet Union member states also used high levels of Russian: 79.0% in Ukraine, 86.9% in Belarus, 84.0% in Kazakhstan, 79.6% in Uzbekistan, 75.9% in Kyrgyzstan and 81.8% in Tajikistan. However, Russian was the sixth-most used language on the top 1,000 sites, behind English, Chinese, French, German, and Japanese.
4637:) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke French daily, and German sometimes. Many Russian novels of the 19th century, e.g.
6216:
of the
Constitution says: "The state language of Ukraine is the Ukrainian language. The State ensures the comprehensive development and functioning of the Ukrainian language in all spheres of social life throughout the entire territory of Ukraine. In Ukraine, the free development, use and protection
5122:
Arefyev A. L., the
Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 2012, A. L. Arefyev published a new study "Russian language at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries", in which he confirmed his conclusion about the trend of weakening of the
1459:
in August 2023 in the territory controlled by
Ukraine and among the refugees, almost 60% of the polled usually speak Ukrainian at home, about 30% – Ukrainian and Russian, only 9% – Russian. Since March 2022, the use of Russian in everyday life has been noticeably decreasing. For 82% of respondents,
6635:
There are six official languages of the UN. These are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and
Spanish. The correct interpretation and translation of these six languages, in both spoken and written form, is very important to the work of the Organization, because this enables clear and concise
5565:
Under the laws of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, Russian language is not offered any status in terms of official language. The provisions only state that "Under request of citizens the text of document compiled by state notary or person acting as a notary shall be issued on Russian and if possible on
1162:
The language of peasants has a motley diversity inherited from feudalism. On its way to becoming proletariat peasantry brings to the factory and the industrial plant their local peasant dialects with their phonetics, grammar, and vocabulary, and the very process of recruiting workers from peasants
1121:
Feudal divisions and conflicts created obstacles between the
Russian principalities before and especially during Mongol rule. This strengthened dialectal differences, and for a while, prevented the emergence of a standardized national language. The formation of the unified and centralized Russian
2120:
after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of
Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two. Others divide the
1442:
in the territory controlled by
Ukraine found that 83% of the respondents believe that Ukrainian should be the only state language of Ukraine. This opinion dominates in all macro-regions, age and language groups. On the other hand, before the war, almost a quarter of Ukrainians were in favour of
1551:
in state and local administration. The 2009 census reported that 10,309,500 people, or 84.8% of the population aged 15 and above, could read and write well in
Russian, and understand the spoken language. In October 2023, Kazakhstan drafted a media law aimed at increasing the use of the Kazakh
1157:
After 1917, Marxist linguists had no interest in the multiplicity of peasant dialects and regarded their language as a relic of the rapidly disappearing past that was not worthy of scholarly attention. Nakhimovsky quotes the Soviet academicians A.M Ivanov and L.P Yakubinsky, writing in 1930:
1222:
of the United Nations. Education in Russian is still a popular choice for both Russian as a second language (RSL) and native speakers in Russia, and in many former Soviet republics. Russian is still seen as an important language for children to learn in most of the former Soviet republics.
1653:
and claimed it for Russia during the 18th century. Although most Russian colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elderly speakers of this unique dialect are left. In
1318:
declaring Belarusian as their native language. In everyday life in the Belarusian society the Russian language prevails, so according to the 2019 census 6,718,557 people (71.4% of the total population) stated that they speak Russian at home, for ethnic Belarusians this share is 61.4%, for
7684:
4993:
During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the
1421:
which requires all schools to teach at least partially in Ukrainian, with provisions while allow indigenous languages and languages of national minorities to be used alongside the national language. The law faced criticism from officials in Russia and Hungary. The 2019
4343:(perfective and imperfective). Russian nouns each have a gender – either feminine, masculine, or neuter, chiefly indicated by spelling at the end of the word. Words change depending on both their gender and function in the sentence. Russian has six
1563:. The 2009 census states that 482,200 people speak Russian as a native language, or 8.99% of the population. Additionally, 1,854,700 residents of Kyrgyzstan aged 15 and above fluently speak Russian as a second language, or 49.6% of the population in the age group.
1331:— 96.6%; 2,447,764 people (26.0% of the total population) stated that the language they usually speak at home is Belarusian, among ethnic Belarusians this share is 28.5%; the highest share of those who speak Belarusian at home is among ethnic Poles — 46.0%.
1394:
declared the law unconstitutional and deprived Russian of the status of the language of interethnic communication. 50% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 19% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. According to the
1372:, Russian has no official or legal status, but the use of the language has some presence in certain areas. A large part of the population, especially the older generations, can speak Russian as a foreign language. However, English has replaced Russian as
1037:, the other three languages in the East Slavic branch. In many places in eastern and southern Ukraine and throughout Belarus, these languages are spoken interchangeably, and in certain areas traditional bilingualism resulted in language mixtures such as
1423:
5002:
in 1991, several of the newly independent states have encouraged their native languages, which has partly reversed the privileged status of Russian, though its role as the language of post-Soviet national discourse throughout the region has continued.
1154:, who toward the end of his life wrote: "Scholars of Russian dialects mostly studied phonetics and morphology. Some scholars and collectors compiled local dictionaries. We have almost no studies of lexical material or the syntax of Russian dialects."
6537:
Russian is the most widespread of the Slavic languages and the largest native language in Europe. Of great political importance, it is one of the official languages of the United Nations – making it a natural area of study for those interested in
1574:
and is permitted in official documentation. 28% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 7% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. The World Factbook notes that Russian is widely used in government and business.
1443:
granting Russian the status of the state language, while after the beginning of Russia's invasion the support for the idea dropped to just 7%. In peacetime, the idea of raising the status of Russian was traditionally supported by residents of the
7676:
3514:
structure can be quite complex, with both initial and final consonant clusters of up to four consecutive sounds. Using a formula with V standing for the nucleus (vowel) and C for each consonant, the maximal structure can be described as follows:
6185:
1900:
In March 2013, Russian was found to be the second-most used language on websites after English. Russian was the language of 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian was used not only on 89.8% of
1198:
and Baltic countries – 93.7 million, in Eastern Europe – 12.9 million, Western Europe – 7.3 million, Asia – 2.7 million, in the Middle East and North Africa – 1.3 million, Sub-Saharan Africa – 0.1 million, Latin America – 0.2 million, U.S.,
6898:
1361:. From 2025, all children will be taught in Latvian only. On 28 September 2023, Latvian deputies approved The National Security Concept, according to which from 1 January 2026, all content created by Latvian public media (including
8463:
The official languages on the ISS are English and Russian, and when I was speaking with the Flight Control Room at JAXA's Tsukuba Space Center during ISS systems and payload operations, I was required to speak in either English or
6605:
The official languages on the ISS are English and Russian, and when I was speaking with the Flight Control Room at JAXA's Tsukuba Space Center during ISS systems and payload operations, I was required to speak in either English or
1378:
in Lithuania and around 80% of young people speak English as their first foreign language. In contrast to the other two Baltic states, Lithuania has a relatively small Russian-speaking minority (5.0% as of 2008). According to the
1608:
and websites regularly publish material in Russian and there are Russian newspapers, television stations, schools, and social media outlets based in the country. There is an Israeli TV channel mainly broadcasting in Russian with
1586:
in 1996. Among 12% of the population who grew up in the Soviet era can speak Russian, other generations of citizens that do not have any knowledge of Russian. Primary and secondary education by Russian is almost non-existent.
333:
9651:
1345:, Russian is officially considered a foreign language. 55% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 26% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. On 18 February 2012, Latvia held a
8148:
5668:
75:
2325:
in 1793 and is based on the so-called "southwest Russian" dialect (Ukrainian dialect). During the Russification of the aforementioned regions in the 1920s to 1950s, it was replaced by the Russian language.
1049:, although it vanished during the 15th or 16th century, is sometimes considered to have played a significant role in the formation of modern Russian. Also, Russian has notable lexical similarities with
7555:
4725:
6181:
8123:
9770:журнал «Демоскоп Weekly» № 329 – 330 14 – 27 апреля 2008. К. Гаврилов. Е. Козиевская. Е. Яценко. Тема номера: русский язык на постсоветских просторах. Где есть потребность в изучении русского языка
6133:
1631:, Russian has been added in the elementary curriculum along with Chinese and Japanese and were named as "first foreign languages" for Vietnamese students to learn, on equal footing with English.
1479:
that used to be satellites of the USSR. According to the Eurobarometer 2005 survey, fluency in Russian remains fairly high (20–40%) in some countries, in particular former Warsaw Pact countries.
1182:
Hemisphere view of countries where Russian is an official language and countries where it is spoken as a first or second language by at least 30% of the population but is not an official language
7272:"Общая численность населения, численность населения по возрасту и полу, состоянию в браке, уровню образования, национальностям, языку, источникам средств к существованию по Республике Беларусь"
5467:
1349:
on whether to adopt Russian as a second official language. According to the Central Election Commission, 74.8% voted against, 24.9% voted for and the voter turnout was 71.1%. Starting in 2019,
441:
235:
8083:
4054:/ through the word-building processes (e.g. фрицёнок, шпицята). Palatalization means that the center of the tongue is raised during and after the articulation of the consonant. In the case of
3202:
Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example,
7829:
9782:журнал «Демоскоп Weekly» № 251 – 252 19 июня – 20 августа 2006. А. Арефьев. Тема номера: сколько людей говорят и будут говорить по-русски? Будет ли русский в числе мировых языков в будущем?
7484:
7124:
8358:
8302:
7861:
2076:
7569:
4723:
16359:
15395:
392:
3226:. Once commonly used by the majority of those living outside Russia, transliteration is being used less frequently by Russian-speaking typists in favor of the extension of Unicode
1552:
language over Russian, the law stipulates that the share of the state language on television and radio should increase from 50% to 70%, at a rate of 5% per year, starting in 2025.
1314:, out of 9,413,446 inhabitants of the country, 5,094,928 (54.1% of the total population) named Belarusian as their native language, with 61.2% of ethnic Belarusians and 54.5% of
14790:
7452:
7502:
1533:
1492:
8214:
7608:
6159:
9631:
7729:
7533:
6524:
16763:
16746:
14805:
1468:
are more likely to use both languages for communication or speak Russian. Nevertheless, more than 70% of IDPs and refugees consider Ukrainian to be their native language.
8726:
8250:
5403:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
5390:
Vse lyudi rozhdayutsya svobodnymi i ravnymi v svoyem dostoinstve i pravakh. Oni nadeleny razumom i sovest'yu i dolzhny postupat' v otnoshenii drug druga v dukhe bratstva.
4332:
The spoken language has been influenced by the literary one but continues to preserve characteristic forms. The dialects show various non-standard grammatical features.
16793:
7204:
5503:. 2005. Русский – Российский. История, динамика, идеология двух атрибутов нации (pp. 216–227). В поисках единства. Взгляд филолога на проблему истоков Руси., 2005.
4436:
2398:, a Russian-English pidgin. This word is also used by English speakers to describe the way in which Russians attempt to speak English using Russian morphology or syntax.
1658:, Russian is more spoken than English. Sizable Russian-speaking communities also exist in North America, especially in large urban centers of the US and Canada, such as
8155:
7799:
5131:
the Russian language was being replaced or used in conjunction with local languages. Currently, the number of speakers of Russian in the world depends on the number of
6261:
4724:
6384:
5876:
14810:
14795:
9735:журнал «Демоскоп Weekly» № 571 – 572 14 – 31 октября 2013. А. Арефьев. Тема номера: сжимающееся русскоязычие. Демографические изменения - не на пользу русскому языку
7976:
7947:
1399:, Russians accounted for 4.1% of Moldova's population, 9.4% of the population declared Russian as their native language, and 14.5% said they usually spoke Russian.
5906:
4571:
4542:
4459:
16736:
7346:
5633:
6871:
5373:Все люди рождаются свободными и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. Они наделены разумом и совестью и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства.
1353:
will be gradually discontinued in private colleges and universities in Latvia, and in general instruction in Latvian public high schools. On 29 September 2022,
17256:
16756:
7278:
6656:
9409:
7547:
1135:– "sovremenny russky literaturny yazyk"). It arose at the beginning of the 18th century with the modernization reforms of the Russian state under the rule of
1060:
Over the course of centuries, the vocabulary and literary style of Russian have also been influenced by Western and Central European languages such as Greek,
15919:
8485:
1272:
8115:
16782:
16751:
7151:
1848:
1107:
in terms of learning difficulty for native English speakers, requiring approximately 1,100 hours of immersion instruction to achieve intermediate fluency.
560:
5528:. 2012. The Change of the Name of the Russian Language in Russian from Rossiiskii to Russkii: Did Politics Have Anything to Do with It? (pp. 73–96).
16741:
16693:
15612:
4581:
2071:
1742:
changed the statistics somewhat, with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians immigrating along with some more Russian Jews and Central Asians. According to the
1536:. Russian is the language of 9% of the population according to the World Factbook. Ethnologue cites Russian as the country's de facto working language.
15229:
7921:
7707:
8185:
2220:
consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced in such positions (e.g.
2087:
16990:
12248:
12120:
6236:
6125:
1598:
of the country and the language of the elite. Russian is spoken by 14.2% of the population according to an undated estimate from the World Factbook.
8090:
6067:
4496:"Full" 17-volumed dictionary of the contemporary language. The second 20-volumed edition was begun in 1991, but not all volumes have been finished.
1601:
In 2005, Russian was the most widely taught foreign language in Mongolia, and was compulsory in Year 7 onward as a second foreign language in 2006.
11372:
8825:
Ordin, Mikhail. (2011). Palatalization and Intrinsic Prosodic Vowel Features in Russian. Language and speech. 54. 547-68. 10.1177/0023830911404962.
7821:
7475:
2082:
1726:(especially the generation of immigrants who started arriving in the early 1960s). Only about 25% of them are ethnic Russians, however. Before the
9440:
8846:
7659:
1818:
17:
8354:
1277:
17635:
16228:
11972:
9098:
8450:
8299:
7851:
6592:
6273:
5602:
1873:
1310:. 77% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 67% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. According to the
1057:
influence on both languages, but because of later interaction in the 19th and 20th centuries, Bulgarian grammar differs markedly from Russian.
908:
568:
5541:
4587:
17615:
16688:
16301:
14655:
11469:
10218:
9558:
O'Brien, M.A., New English–Russian and Russian–English Dictionary (New Orthography), New York, The Language Library 1944, Dover Publications.
8406:
6837:
6800:
6000:
4647:, contain entire paragraphs and even pages in French with no translation given, with an assumption that educated readers would not need one.
1173:
912:
91:
6985:
16354:
15017:
12366:
7577:
1506:
of the country. 26% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 5% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work.
8323:
4567:
No single periodization is universally accepted, but the history of the Russian language is sometimes divided into the following periods:
1594:, Russian is the language of inter-ethnic communication. It has some official roles, being permitted in official documentation and is the
16873:
16843:
15109:
7623:
7368:
4453:
44,000 entries lexically grouped; attempt to catalogue the full vernacular language. Contains many dialectal, local, and obsolete words.
1465:
6735:
17130:
17090:
17000:
16811:
16327:
15069:
11934:
10526:
10345:
10256:
9954:
9914:
8031:
8001:
5119:
9535:
Iliev, Iv. The Russian Genitive of Negation and Its Japanese Counterpart. International Journal of Russian Stidies. 1, 2018 (In Print)
9186:
1357:
passed in the final reading amendments that state that all schools and kindergartens in the country are to transition to education in
17118:
17013:
16885:
16671:
11939:
8617:
7448:
7310:
6931:
1788:
1759:
529:
7498:
6694:
6491:
5940:
1768:
Russian is one of the official languages (or has similar status and interpretation must be provided into Russian) of the following:
17023:
16940:
16833:
15994:
10742:
6550:
4351:
to add shades of meaning to the verb. Such verbs also take on different forms to distinguish between concrete and abstract motion.
3243:
2429:, a range of mixed (macaronic) sociolects of Ukrainian and Russian languages used in certain regions of Ukraine and adjacent lands.
1798:
1219:
920:
11926:
In Russia, the Cyrillic alphabet is officially supported. For other, non-Cyrillic alphabets, separate federal laws are required.
9749:
9534:
9356:
8804:
8207:
7747:
7677:"The Court examined the constitutionality of the Law on the Usage of Languages Spoken on the Territory of the Republic of Moldova"
7600:
6155:
4062:, the tongue is raised enough to produce slight frication (affricate sounds; cf. Belarusian ць, дзь, or Polish ć, dź). The sounds
16963:
16770:
16637:
15531:
15436:
15351:
14878:
14261:
12410:
9273:
9215:
9124:
8754:
7721:
7525:
7257:
6893:
6516:
6417:
5535:"The Change of the Name of the Russian Language in Russian from Rossiiskii to Russkii: Did Politics Have Anything to Do with It?"
5457:
4373:
The number of listed words or entries in some of the major dictionaries published during the past two centuries, are as follows:
1863:
552:
6100:
16661:
16506:
16235:
15652:
11367:
9806:
9760:
9329:
8718:
6622:
5124:
5123:
Russian language after the Soviet Union's collapse in various regions of the world (findings published in 2013 in the journal "
5115:
4340:
3972:
1346:
1208:
9042:
7891:
7211:
3284:. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious:
17148:
16649:
16615:
16603:
16598:
16489:
15747:
15410:
15089:
12241:
12113:
10263:
10048:
9784:
9772:
9737:
9711:
9676:
9645:
9620:
9525:
9506:
9383:
9301:
9244:
9157:
9052:
8970:
7791:
7777:
7129:
7059:
6979:
6022:
5365:
1803:
1640:
1495:. 30% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 2% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work.
17075:
16131:
9077:
8240:
5572:
5511:
5006:
The Russian language in the world declined after 1991 due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and decrease in the number of
957:
has a hard or soft counterpart, and the distinction is a prominent feature of the language. Another important aspect is the
17625:
17185:
16953:
16081:
15793:
15046:
12428:
10198:
8575:
6380:
5868:
5808:
5755:
3150:. While these older letters have been abandoned at one time or another, they may be used in this and related articles. The
1699:
8635:
5970:
17478:
17065:
16731:
16678:
16666:
16024:
14968:
10090:
7969:
7943:
3866:
3806:
2289:(Common Slavic) times all Slavs spoke one mutually intelligible language or group of dialects. There is a high degree of
1878:
1390:, Russian was considered to be the language of interethnic communication under a Soviet-era law. On 21 January 2021, the
8477:
8277:[Russian language has become compulsory in Mongolia] (in Russian). New Region. 21 September 2006. Archived from
7096:
5902:
5777:
1893:
astronauts who serve alongside Russian cosmonauts usually take Russian language courses. This practice goes back to the
1746:, in 2007 Russian was the primary language spoken in the homes of over 850,000 individuals living in the United States.
17113:
17108:
16828:
16776:
15526:
15145:
12555:
11965:
11227:
10177:
8962:
8907:
8549:
1843:
1778:
1659:
1456:
1439:
1195:
544:
524:
7336:
6750:
Waterson, Natalie (1955). "The Turkic Languages of Central Asia: Problems of Planned Culture Contact by Stefan Wurm".
6209:
6075:"Law of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic on the Functioning of Languages on the Territory of the Moldavian SSR"
17365:
17316:
17249:
17060:
16788:
16390:
16294:
15959:
15848:
15783:
15084:
14943:
14648:
11462:
11245:
9590:
9571:
9549:
9022:
8994:
8689:
7396:
6910:
6459:
6306:
3404:– "to have cut"); to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words, especially personal and family names, like
1853:
1813:
1808:
1522:
556:
9793:Жуковская Л. П. (отв. ред.) Древнерусский литературный язык и его отношение к старославянскому. — М.: «Наука», 1987.
6648:
17395:
17383:
17207:
17197:
17153:
16968:
16644:
16593:
16476:
15707:
15690:
15356:
12359:
12234:
12106:
9405:
3933:
2149:
1406:, Russian language skills were indicated by 138 million people (99.4% of the respondents), while according to the
17630:
17400:
17388:
17244:
17229:
17143:
17045:
16627:
16447:
15501:
15039:
14800:
12458:
10600:
10543:
10299:
9931:
7856:
5462:
4999:
4556:
3831:
1828:
1727:
1391:
14773:
7271:
7159:
1295:
17605:
17513:
17341:
17321:
17018:
16632:
16457:
16385:
16106:
15732:
15165:
14830:
10519:
10338:
10231:
9990:
9907:
8695:
8384:
6074:
6048:
5010:
in the world and diminution of the total population in Russia (where Russian is an official language), however
4562:
3249:
1418:
924:
17496:
8927:
17412:
17239:
17103:
17055:
16816:
16610:
16484:
16467:
15902:
15617:
15441:
15401:
15155:
15079:
15074:
14978:
14815:
11958:
4130:
3859:
1362:
1151:
711:
424:
7913:
7699:
5838:
762:
729:
17610:
17008:
16683:
16578:
16379:
16287:
16188:
16168:
16071:
15722:
15672:
15536:
15381:
15346:
15029:
14641:
13491:
12551:
11929:
11455:
11362:
8181:
7341:
4177:
3897:
3845:
3788:
3496:
you ate?"). Stress marks are mandatory in lexical dictionaries and books for children or Russian learners.
2331:
has some words of Russian and Slavic origin and some features of its grammar could be derived from Russian.
1868:
1823:
564:
168:
8272:
6228:
6182:"Președintele CCM: Constituția nu conferă limbii ruse un statut deosebit de cel al altor limbi minoritare"
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4083:
4079:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4043:
3185:
3181:
3147:
3143:
3109:
3105:
3081:
3057:
3033:
2999:
2995:
2966:
2952:
2938:
2924:
2910:
2896:
2882:
2868:
2854:
2840:
2826:
2810:
2796:
2782:
2768:
2754:
2740:
2726:
2712:
2698:
2684:
2670:
2654:
2640:
2626:
2612:
2598:
2584:
2570:
2556:
2542:
2528:
2514:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2242:
2213:
2209:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2166:
2145:
17289:
17271:
17037:
16895:
16856:
16823:
16513:
16501:
16417:
16319:
16086:
15823:
15695:
15602:
15556:
15546:
15511:
15391:
15266:
15251:
14905:
14871:
12406:
12352:
11357:
10985:
10552:
10251:
10236:
8045:
4122:
2495:
alphabet. The Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters. The following table gives their forms, along with
1886:
1858:
1461:
1452:
916:
685:
173:
1072:, German, French, Italian, and English, and to a lesser extent the languages to the south and the east:
17284:
17261:
17234:
16146:
15979:
15761:
15742:
15642:
15632:
15627:
15219:
15099:
14762:
11870:
11392:
10830:
10284:
10246:
10241:
10060:
9637:
9612:
9432:
7426:
7423:"Results of the referendum on the Draft Law 'Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia'"
5610:
4254:
4039:
4019:
3990:
3979:
3953:
3925:
3918:
3904:
3883:
3852:
3838:
3796:
3770:
3750:
3736:
3715:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3645:
3631:
3610:
3598:
3586:
3574:
3204:
2222:
2217:
1614:
1571:
1560:
1544:
1350:
1096:
947:
885:
690:
8838:
7648:
4700:), became proverbs or sayings which can be frequently found even in modern Russian colloquial speech.
1471:
In the 20th century, Russian was a mandatory language taught in the schools of the members of the old
1194:
In 2010, there were 259.8 million speakers of Russian in the world: in Russia – 137.5 million, in the
1143:) dialect substratum under the influence of some of the previous century's Russian chancery language.
17600:
17326:
17299:
17202:
16198:
16178:
16151:
15907:
15667:
15426:
15305:
15234:
15114:
14694:
13400:
11149:
10512:
10396:
10384:
10331:
10137:
10108:
9900:
5614:
4716:
4152:
3911:
3876:
2205:
2137:
2130:
2122:
1783:
1315:
539:
17294:
8442:
8069:
6584:
6265:
6226:
5733:
2301:, and a moderate degree of it in all modern Slavic languages, at least at the conversational level.
1738:
in New York City were Russian-speaking Jews. Afterward, the influx from the countries of the former
17407:
15712:
15551:
15521:
15386:
15300:
15209:
15172:
14825:
14704:
13881:
13420:
13385:
12486:
11863:
11787:
11780:
11189:
10368:
10226:
10120:
9944:
8413:
6367:
5618:
5605:
since March 2014; Ukraine and the majority of the international community consider Crimea to be an
5534:
4622:
4316:
4138:
2126:
1735:
1263:
1140:
786:
6826:
6793:
5992:
2189:, respectively. Another Northern dialectal morphological feature is a post-posed definite article
17620:
16656:
16218:
16193:
16029:
15878:
15838:
15541:
15486:
15371:
15239:
14582:
14276:
13534:
13445:
13327:
13322:
12257:
12129:
11834:
11813:
11794:
11698:
11538:
11531:
11250:
11167:
11095:
10886:
10843:
10559:
9997:
9498:
7155:
7020:
The Language of Russian Peasants in the Twentieth Century: A Linguistic Analysis and Oral History
7007:
The Language of Russian Peasants in the Twentieth Century: A Linguistic Analysis and Oral History
5378:
4285:
4274:
3743:
3729:
3708:
3197:
2480:
2347:, Russian is one of its six source languages, weighed for the number of Russian speakers in 1985.
1307:
1286:
1006:
814:
548:
126:
8868:
Nesset, Tore (2008). "Path and Manner: An Image-Schematic Approach to Russian Verbs of Motion".
6725:
4078:, something which is most noticeable when it involves a labial before a hard vowel, such as мы,
3214:
17564:
17336:
16928:
16866:
16156:
16014:
15984:
15939:
15890:
15885:
15818:
15702:
15662:
15622:
15456:
15366:
15361:
15182:
15094:
14961:
14864:
14305:
14122:
13804:
12629:
12624:
12595:
12583:
11827:
11820:
11576:
11087:
11020:
11015:
10980:
10939:
10710:
10289:
10007:
9985:
5472:
4618:
4339:
in Russian – past, present, and future – and each verb has two
4161:
3944:
3549:
3270:
According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional
2290:
2240:
1833:
1380:
1311:
1240:
950:
810:
131:
8319:
7630:
1525:. Russian was also the main foreign language taught in school in China between 1949 and 1964.
1424:
Law of Ukraine "On protecting the functioning of the Ukrainian language as the state language"
17455:
16427:
16183:
15924:
15897:
15858:
15798:
15597:
15566:
15476:
15224:
15160:
14835:
14820:
14594:
14570:
14293:
14256:
12754:
12333:
12215:
12087:
12066:
11802:
11280:
11234:
11159:
11137:
11052:
11041:
10849:
10821:
10800:
10611:
10566:
6520:
4691:
4614:
4012:
3638:
3624:
3234:
extension, which allow users to type Russian characters, even on Western 'QWERTY' keyboards.
2442:
2286:
1431:
1407:
1403:
1324:
806:
792:
178:
141:
14468:
8028:
8012:
7570:"Statistics Lithuania: 78.5% of Lithuanians speak at least one foreign language | News"
2277:
in 3rd person forms of verbs (this is unpalatalized in the Standard and Northern dialects).
17217:
17080:
16900:
16698:
16412:
16213:
16121:
16116:
15868:
15803:
15561:
15496:
15491:
15481:
15451:
15446:
15406:
14913:
14241:
14102:
13921:
13901:
13886:
13622:
13587:
13395:
12302:
11981:
11644:
11551:
11296:
10790:
10760:
10719:
10639:
9703:
9180:
7744:"Демоскоп Weekly. Об итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года. Сообщение Росстата"
6337:
6260:
4070:, that is, pronounced with the tip of the tongue against the teeth rather than against the
3763:
3281:
3230:, which fully incorporates the Russian alphabet. Free programs are available offering this
2350:
1743:
1675:
1396:
1244:
1147:
1100:
1046:
1002:
966:
17304:
8614:
7970:"Соціологічне дослідження до Дня Незалежності УЯВЛЕННЯ ПРО ПАТРІОТИЗМ ТА МАЙБУТНЄ УКРАЇНИ"
7476:"Moscow threatens sanctions against Latvia over removal of Russian from secondary schools"
6227:
Ethnic Groups and Religious department, Fujian Provincial Government (13 September 2022).
4524:
Current language, the dictionary has many subsequent editions from the first one of 1998.
8:
17444:
17173:
16978:
16907:
16715:
16564:
16442:
16364:
16337:
16208:
15964:
15914:
15833:
15737:
15571:
15516:
15471:
15466:
15461:
15416:
15376:
15341:
15283:
15197:
15128:
14990:
14664:
14554:
14534:
14298:
14225:
13926:
13876:
13871:
13282:
12849:
12433:
12041:
11995:
11652:
11478:
11397:
11306:
11105:
11072:
10973:
10963:
10932:
10732:
10619:
10582:
10571:
10373:
10187:
9980:
9939:
9756:— М.: Центр социального прогнозирования и маркетинга, 2012. — 482 стр. Аннотация книги в
6690:
6481:
5932:
5606:
5435:
4208:, but in most cases these vowels have merged to only two to four vowels when unstressed:
3265:
2436:
2401:
2368:
2328:
2294:
2061:
1977:
1763:
1687:
1435:
1320:
1030:
17530:
13911:
13896:
12511:
7397:"Referendum on the Draft Law 'Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia'"
6959:
6558:
1532:, Russian has no official status, but it is recognized as a minority language under the
1491:, Russian has no official status, but it is recognized as a minority language under the
817:. It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is the native language of the
17311:
17222:
16539:
16452:
16342:
16332:
16136:
16111:
16101:
16091:
16076:
16061:
16019:
15949:
15934:
15873:
15853:
15843:
15813:
15788:
15773:
15717:
15657:
15647:
15506:
15329:
15315:
15310:
15256:
15192:
15002:
14699:
14499:
14271:
14205:
14154:
14107:
14051:
13781:
13724:
13450:
12606:
12375:
12189:
12061:
11857:
11723:
11693:
11637:
11591:
10968:
10905:
10880:
10727:
10693:
10688:
10683:
10648:
10072:
10038:
10012:
9746:
9353:
8885:
8796:
8245:
8040:
7852:"Ukrainian Language Bill Facing Barrage Of Criticism From Minorities, Foreign Capitals"
6775:
6341:
6051:[Constitution of the Republic of South Ossetia]. 11 August 2009. Archived from
5967:"Русский язык: жизнь после смерти. Язык, политика и общество в современном Узбекистане"
5690:
5524:. On the 1830s change in the Russian name of the Russian language and its causes, see:
4661:
4277:
3539:
3227:
2409:
2385:
2322:
2298:
2093:
1655:
1451:. But even in these regions, only a third of the respondents were in favour, and after
1427:
1050:
1026:
13906:
12516:
11382:
9781:
9267:
9238:
9209:
9118:
6407:
829:
778:
17419:
17359:
17138:
16924:
16620:
16422:
16407:
16349:
16254:
16006:
15974:
15969:
15954:
15929:
15778:
15727:
15677:
15607:
15585:
15430:
15214:
15150:
15140:
15104:
15007:
14973:
14951:
14896:
14757:
14752:
14478:
14138:
14012:
13957:
13849:
13757:
13752:
13709:
13631:
13362:
13342:
13267:
13244:
13017:
12899:
12869:
12711:
12702:
12654:
12644:
12491:
12423:
12036:
11764:
11678:
11417:
11407:
11268:
11184:
11122:
11025:
11007:
10990:
10947:
10921:
10867:
10862:
10785:
10750:
10669:
10592:
10471:
10455:
10401:
10389:
10085:
10055:
9707:
9672:
9667:
Timberlake, Alan (1993). "Russian". In Comrie, Bernard; Corbett, Greville G. (eds.).
9641:
9616:
9586:
9567:
9545:
9521:
9502:
9491:
9211:В странах Азии, Африки и Латинской Америки наш язык стремительно утрачивает свою роль
9048:
9018:
9017:(First paperback ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 112–113.
8990:
8966:
8889:
8782:
8685:
7092:
6975:
6923:
6906:
6824:
6767:
6129:
6092:
4995:
4671:
4651:
4630:
4293:
3556:
3505:
2117:
1646:
1529:
1514:
1438:. The law does not regulate private communication. A poll conducted in March 2022 by
837:
10769:
9803:
9757:
9323:
6618:
6126:"List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 (Status as of: 21/9/2011)"
16141:
16096:
16039:
15944:
15863:
15828:
15637:
15288:
15187:
14995:
14847:
14732:
14549:
14544:
14514:
14473:
14453:
14342:
14337:
14281:
14251:
14089:
13962:
13942:
13891:
13858:
13819:
13814:
13809:
13767:
13762:
13744:
13592:
13582:
13486:
13435:
13430:
13405:
13332:
13025:
13002:
12997:
12927:
12922:
12917:
12879:
12819:
12744:
12687:
12682:
12667:
12438:
12389:
12184:
11904:
11894:
11842:
11774:
11759:
11739:
11708:
11626:
11571:
11566:
11556:
11402:
11338:
11142:
10856:
10807:
10795:
10780:
10659:
10535:
10354:
10100:
9975:
9847:
8877:
8763:
8722:
7883:
7743:
7722:"The Population of the Republic of Moldova at the time of the Census was 2 998 235"
7120:"Сжимающееся русскоязычие. Демографические изменения — не на пользу русскому языку"
6967:
6759:
5661:
5525:
4971:
4947:
4923:
4899:
4875:
4851:
4827:
4803:
4775:
4610:
4344:
4067:
3544:
3534:
2875:
2462:
2450:
1987:
1918:
1894:
1707:
1444:
1358:
1251:
1190:
Competence of Russian in countries of the former Soviet Union (except Russia), 2004
1081:
1077:
1073:
970:
935:
900:
210:
136:
68:
14097:
9769:
9734:
9373:
9295:
9149:
8596:
Context and the Lexicon in the Development of Russian Aspect, By Neil Bermel, p 16
7769:
7249:
7119:
7055:
6217:
of Russian, and other languages of national minorities of Ukraine, is guaranteed."
6026:
1931:
1178:
17331:
16544:
16496:
16402:
16263:
16223:
16126:
16066:
16056:
16044:
15989:
15808:
15202:
15177:
14956:
14742:
14737:
14727:
14678:
14529:
14519:
14509:
14458:
14448:
14322:
14195:
14190:
14185:
14074:
14064:
14059:
14027:
14017:
14002:
13992:
13982:
13952:
13916:
13866:
13829:
13794:
13734:
13714:
13694:
13659:
13644:
13639:
13562:
13501:
13481:
13476:
13471:
13415:
13307:
13277:
13226:
13201:
13186:
13160:
13155:
13135:
13120:
13065:
13007:
12992:
12987:
12972:
12967:
12912:
12844:
12824:
12759:
12734:
12662:
12639:
12541:
12506:
12501:
12476:
12448:
12443:
12312:
12292:
12271:
12194:
12169:
12164:
12143:
12046:
11909:
11889:
11847:
11769:
11754:
11744:
11718:
11665:
11606:
11601:
11586:
11581:
11561:
11525:
11515:
11422:
11220:
11179:
11172:
10926:
10916:
10891:
10874:
10664:
10632:
10587:
10577:
10450:
10424:
10167:
10033:
10017:
10002:
9949:
9810:
9788:
9776:
9764:
9753:
9741:
9360:
9081:
9074:
8911:
8621:
8306:
8035:
7944:"Шосте загальнонаціональне опитування: мовне питання в Україні (19 березня 2022)"
6971:
6902:
6213:
5568:
5505:
5500:
5449:
4575:
4233:
4002:
3618:
3561:
2492:
2484:
2466:
2446:
1967:
1548:
1476:
1448:
1328:
1136:
1089:
1065:
1054:
1022:
1010:
958:
939:
215:
206:
183:
118:
8957:Лопатин В. В., Улуханов И. С. (2005). "Восточнославянские языки. Русский язык".
8749:
8571:
8545:
7339:[The Riigikogu approved the transition to Estonian-language education].
5816:
5747:
4359:
17351:
17279:
16559:
16549:
16161:
16034:
15295:
15261:
14985:
14938:
14747:
14539:
14483:
14463:
14266:
14231:
14220:
14215:
14210:
14117:
14069:
14007:
13977:
13972:
13834:
13824:
13789:
13699:
13664:
13649:
13597:
13557:
13552:
13547:
13496:
13440:
13410:
13390:
13380:
13375:
13352:
13272:
13257:
13252:
13221:
13196:
13181:
13176:
13145:
13140:
13130:
13125:
13115:
13110:
13105:
13100:
13055:
13030:
12977:
12889:
12874:
12839:
12809:
12804:
12784:
12774:
12769:
12764:
12692:
12677:
12619:
12614:
12521:
12481:
12466:
12317:
12307:
12199:
12179:
12174:
12019:
11807:
11713:
11703:
11688:
11683:
11673:
11658:
11616:
11520:
11510:
11437:
11412:
11205:
11127:
11117:
11060:
10838:
10775:
10678:
10434:
10377:
10125:
10113:
9796:Иванов В. В. Историческая грамматика русского языка. — М.: «Просвещение», 1990.
9486:
8989:. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. 2022. p. 12.
8650:
7373:
5966:
5682:
5382:
5118:" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the
4482:
4464:
4323:
4075:
4071:
3663:
2861:
2847:
2833:
2819:
2605:
2471:
2421:
2354:
2000:
1922:
1773:
1723:
1460:
Ukrainian is their mother tongue, and for 16%, Russian is their mother tongue.
1116:
1069:
1034:
1014:
892:
626:
518:
199:
31:
12496:
9852:
9835:
8881:
8767:
8084:"Results of the 2009 National Population Census of the Republic of Kazakhstan"
6763:
6206:
1455:, their number dropped by almost half. According to the survey carried out by
1021:
tribes from the late 9th to the mid-13th centuries. From the point of view of
17594:
17212:
16268:
16173:
15682:
15421:
15012:
14524:
14398:
14374:
14317:
14146:
14079:
14037:
14022:
13947:
13799:
13704:
13577:
13572:
13425:
13337:
13317:
13312:
13302:
13292:
13287:
13262:
13216:
13211:
13206:
13191:
13150:
13095:
13090:
13085:
13080:
13075:
13070:
13060:
13050:
13045:
13035:
12982:
12962:
12957:
12952:
12947:
12942:
12937:
12932:
12884:
12864:
12859:
12854:
12834:
12814:
12799:
12794:
12789:
12749:
12739:
12724:
12719:
12672:
12634:
12536:
12526:
12071:
12051:
11852:
11749:
11631:
11611:
11546:
11387:
11377:
11077:
10953:
10698:
10624:
10080:
9959:
9600:
8675:
8438:
8116:"Kazakhstan drafts media law to increase use of Kazakh language over Russian"
8057:
7624:"Ethnic and Language Policy of the Republic of Lithuania: Basis and Practice"
7080:
6771:
6739:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 912–914.
6730:
6580:
5785:
5421:
4681:
4643:
4441:
4104:
2959:
2945:
2803:
2775:
2761:
2747:
2733:
2705:
2691:
2677:
2663:
2619:
2591:
2577:
2563:
2549:
2535:
2521:
2476:
2358:
1926:
1679:
1374:
891:
Russian has over 258 million total speakers worldwide. It is the most spoken
881:
861:
755:
691:
V.V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
474:
10310:
8902:
8681:
The Shape Of Words To Come: Lojban Morphology - The Lojban Reference Grammar
7082:
7081:
Lewis, M. Paul; Gary F. Simons; Charles D. Fennig, eds. (21 February 2018).
6752:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
4650:
The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of
4305:
that, for the literary language, is the conscious fusion of three elements:
17095:
16916:
16310:
16049:
15034:
15024:
14504:
14369:
14332:
14032:
13997:
13987:
13967:
13839:
13719:
13684:
13674:
13669:
13654:
13542:
13466:
13370:
13347:
13040:
12907:
12829:
12779:
12729:
12531:
12471:
11913:
11899:
11621:
11596:
10995:
10419:
10182:
9799:Новиков Л. А. Современный русский язык: для высшей школы. — М.: Лань, 2003.
9695:
8783:"Lexical stress assignment and reading skills of Russian heritage children"
7400:
6486:
6368:
Constitution and Fundamental Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
5128:
3271:
2931:
2789:
2719:
2633:
2507:
2181:
in stressed closed syllables (as in Ukrainian) instead of Standard Russian
2170:
2040:
1739:
1663:
1620:
Russian is also spoken as a second language by a small number of people in
1579:
1518:
1231:
974:
877:
833:
490:
38:
12226:
12098:
9044:
The ideology of English: French perceptions of English as a world language
6455:
6298:
5721:
4074:. According to some linguists, the "plain" consonants are velarized as in
746:
16958:
16920:
16912:
16534:
16518:
16432:
16374:
15244:
15051:
14928:
14415:
14391:
14364:
14354:
14327:
14312:
14288:
14112:
13689:
13612:
13607:
13567:
13297:
11324:
11311:
10043:
8839:"Can Russians from different parts of the country understand each other?"
8508:
The Linguasphere Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities
8089:. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit. Archived from
6720:
4638:
4116:
4099:
4046:/ is generally considered to be always hard; however, loan words such as
3962:
2318:
2141:
1947:
1671:
1621:
1610:
1472:
1204:
108:
103:
11065:
6345:
4363:
This page from an "ABC" book printed in Moscow in 1694 shows the letter
4242:
1722:. In a number of locations they issue their own newspapers, and live in
16948:
15273:
14933:
14923:
14443:
14381:
14359:
13729:
13602:
11950:
11261:
11240:
11132:
10492:
10279:
10193:
8797:"Russian Vowels: All the Rules You Need to Know | FluentU Russian Blog"
8062:
7499:"Latvia to gradually transition to education only in official language"
7314:
7087:
6958:
Kadochnikov, Denis V. (2016), Ginsburgh, Victor; Weber, Shlomo (eds.),
6724:
6701:
5726:
5598:
5468:
List of countries and territories where Russian is an official language
4740:
4530:
4309:
4281:
4221:
4169:
4109:
2159:
1838:
1755:
1731:
1605:
1604:
Around 1.5 million Israelis spoke Russian as of 2017. The Israeli
1591:
1567:
1556:
1540:
1499:
1186:
1104:
1018:
993:), or to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words or names.
953:
and those without—the so-called "soft" and "hard" sounds. Almost every
857:
853:
849:
350:
317:
301:
284:
17547:
16279:
14633:
11447:
9363:— М.: Центр социального прогнозирования и маркетинга, 2012. — 482 стр.
8719:"RusKey: mapping the Russian keyboard layout into the Latin alphabets"
8528:
8526:
8524:
8522:
8520:
8518:
8516:
7111:
6779:
4731:
Reading of excerpt of Pushkin's "Winter Evening" (Зимний вечер), 1825.
4660:) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized
4188:
1905:
sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Soviet Union domain
1885:
The Russian language is also one of two official languages aboard the
17168:
17163:
16985:
16878:
16708:
16369:
14918:
14420:
14408:
14403:
14347:
13679:
12418:
12344:
12297:
12056:
11286:
11112:
11100:
10476:
10208:
10130:
9608:
8679:
4146:
3820:
3778:
3454:), and to show which is the stressed word in a sentence, for example
2917:
2889:
2432:
2341:
of ancient origin, with Russian grammar, but with distinct vocabulary
2247:
2163:
1719:
1543:, Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the
1369:
1042:
978:
954:
771:
739:
721:
703:
8748:
Cignoni, Giovanni A.; Prokhorov, Sergei P. (October–December 2023).
8380:
7449:"Latvia pushes majority language in schools, leaving parents miffed"
7369:"Estonia's Russian schools to switch to Estonian-language schooling"
6863:
6156:"National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic"
6078:
6052:
4605:
4047:
17158:
16703:
16437:
16397:
14386:
11331:
11255:
11213:
10504:
10486:
10429:
10323:
10294:
10142:
9892:
9150:"журнал "Демоскоп". Где есть потребность в изучении русского языка"
9099:"Language and Geopolitics: A Case Study of the Former Soviet Union"
8750:"Tracing the Origins of the First Soviet Computers, Beyond Legends"
8513:
7526:"In Latvia, from 2025, all children will be taught in Latvian only"
5443:
5132:
5007:
3511:
2496:
2417:
2413:
2395:
2310:
2102:
2050:
928:
873:
818:
638:
458:
384:
14856:
9690:. Cambridge primers of pronunciation. Cambridge: University Press.
8935:
8300:К визиту Нетаньяху: что Россия может получить от экономики Израиля
7601:"Employees fluent in three languages – it's the norm in Lithuania"
1570:, Russian is the language of inter-ethnic communication under the
1306:, Russian is a second state language alongside Belarusian per the
1125:
The current standard form of Russian is generally regarded as the
17050:
16554:
15396:
Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine
15278:
14767:
14722:
14425:
11318:
11274:
10481:
10203:
10147:
9868:
8649:. Krakow: Polska Akademia Umieje ̨tno ́sci: 39–56. Archived from
8355:"Vietnam to add Chinese, Russian to elementary school curriculum"
5686:
3248:
The Russian language was first introduced to computing after the
3231:
2647:
2426:
2389:
2372:
2257:, whereas the Standard and Northern dialects have the consonants
2230:
1957:
1711:
1695:
1691:
1683:
1628:
1488:
1414:
1387:
1335:
1303:
1291:
1256:
1236:
1038:
943:
904:
869:
865:
845:
662:
650:
614:
602:
410:
370:
268:
9520:(1st ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
9479:
Introduction to the Phonological History of the Slavic Languages
7083:"Statistical Summaries. Summary by language size. Language size"
6960:"Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia"
6825:
Aliyeh Kord Zafaranlu Kambuziya; Eftekhar Sadat Hashemi (2010).
1645:
The Russian language was first introduced in North America when
14887:
8278:
7884:"Про забезпечення функціонування української мови як державної"
6328:
Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996). "Language and National Survival".
5594:
4348:
4336:
2405:
2381:
2344:
2101: 14. Steppe dialect of Ukrainian with Russian influences (
2030:
1793:
1715:
1667:
1650:
1354:
1342:
1268:
1207:– 4.1 million speakers. Therefore, the Russian language is the
1200:
1085:
896:
841:
534:
252:
87:
9671:. London, England; New York, NY: Routledge. pp. 827–886.
8149:"Population And Housing Census Of The Kyrgyz Republic Of 2009"
7770:"Падение статуса русского языка на постсоветском пространстве"
7700:"Moldovan court overturns special status for Russian language"
7548:"Saeima approves updated National Security concept for Latvia"
7250:"Русскоязычие распространено не только там, где живут русские"
5613:, whereas Russia, on the other hand, considers Crimea to be a
4416:
Russian and Church Slavonic with some Old Russian vocabulary.
4402:
Russian and Church Slavonic with some Old Russian vocabulary.
2158:). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have
1534:
Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
1493:
Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
1383:, Russian was the native language for 7.2% of the population.
17472:
16973:
16851:
10172:
8956:
7822:"Ukraine defends education reform as Hungary promises 'pain'"
7399:. Central Election Commission of Latvia. 2012. Archived from
6424:
2376:
2362:
2338:
2334:
2314:
2020:
1703:
1510:
1212:
1061:
962:
674:
9874:
9269:Падение статуса русского языка на постсоветском пространстве
7422:
6409:Падение статуса русского языка на постсоветском пространстве
5018:
Recent estimates of the total number of speakers of Russian
2273:, respectively. The morphology features a palatalized final
977:
may be used to mark stress – such as to distinguish between
903:, as well as the most geographically widespread language of
17085:
16861:
9349:
9347:
9112:
9110:
9108:
8446:
7425:(in Latvian). Central Election Commission of Latvia. 2012.
6588:
4437:
Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language
3253:
2903:
2009:
1890:
9871:- Prominent Russian language resource for English speakers
9406:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Russian (Russky)"
6827:"Russian Loanword Adoptation in Persian; Optimal Approach"
6794:"Falling Sonoroty Onsets, Loanwords, and Syllable contact"
4365:
2439:
used by a large portion of the rural population in Belarus
1513:, Russian has no official status, but it is spoken by the
969:, which is often unpredictable, is not normally indicated
17581:
17070:
16890:
9883:
8478:"Russian is now the second most used language on the web"
7056:"Демографические изменения – не на пользу русскому языку"
6381:"Russian Language Enjoying a Boost in Post-Soviet States"
4594:
The history of the Russian language is also divided into
4430:
Russian and Church Slavonic with Old Russian vocabulary.
3151:
2280:
1906:
1902:
1559:, Russian is a co-official language per article 5 of the
1430:
in more than 30 spheres of public life: in particular in
909:
seventh-most spoken language by number of native speakers
332:
As inter-ethnic language but with no official status, or
321:(as inter-ethnic language designated by the constitution)
9344:
9105:
7726:
National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova
7009:. United Kingdom: Lexington Books. (Chapter 1)
6671:
6077:. U.S. English Foundation Research. 2016. Archived from
5846:
5139:
The changing proportion of Russian speakers in the world
1294:
with Russian as their native language (according to the
37:"Great Russian" redirects here. Not to be confused with
9583:
The languages of Israel: policy, ideology, and practice
9542:
Russian Diaspora Culture, Identity, and Language Change
7337:"Riigikogu kiitis heaks eestikeelsele õppele ülemineku"
6262:
Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
5903:"Бесправен, но востребован. Русский язык в Узбекистане"
5809:"Article 7. Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan"
5628:
5626:
5114:
According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "
4664:
by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called
2313:, a Ukrainian dialect spoken in Krasnodar region, Don,
1267:
Percentage of Russian speakers in different regions of
7074:
6649:"Most used languages online by share of websites 2024"
5499:") as the Russian adjectives denoting "Russian", see:
4200:
Russian has five or six vowels in stressed syllables,
2479:), the first East Slavic printed textbook. Printed by
2201:
similar to that existing in Bulgarian and Macedonian.
1209:
seventh-largest in the world by the number of speakers
915:. Russian is one of two official languages aboard the
913:
ninth-most spoken language by total number of speakers
9813:// Вопросы языкознания. — М., 1982, No. 5. — С. 18–28
8407:"Language Use in the United States: 2007, census.gov"
5778:"Article 17. Constitution of the Republic of Belarus"
5651:
4584:(14th or 15th century until the 17th or 18th century)
3125:
3115:
3087:
3063:
3039:
3015:
3005:
2977:
2388:
with Russian-derived basic structure and part of the
12009:
9084:(The 1990 USSR Law about the Languages of the USSR)
8182:"Russian Language Status in Central Asian Countries"
6895:
Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education
6436:
5748:"Article 68. Constitution of the Russian Federation"
5623:
5411:
4515:
Great Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language
1849:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
9833:
9075:"Закон СССР от 24 April 1990 О языках народов СССР"
8241:"For Mongolians, E Is for English, F Is for Future"
8122:. Agence France-Presse. 6 October 2023. 0261-3077.
7649:"Gyventojai pagal tautybę, gimtąją kalbą ir tikybą"
7152:"Russia's Language Could Be Ticket in for Migrants"
6966:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 538–580,
4224:, which are displayed on the diagram to the right.
2408:language with mostly Russian vocabulary and mostly
1434:, media, education, science, culture, advertising,
1410:– 142.6 million people (99.2% of the respondents).
9564:Language policy: hidden agendas and new approaches
9490:
9240:Будет ли русский в числе мировых языков в будущем?
7474:
7022:. United Kingdom: Lexington Books. (p.2)
6864:"Russian Loanwords in Persian and Tajiki Language"
5993:"Article 16. Legal code of Gagauzia (Gagauz-Yeri)"
5926:
5924:
9840:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
9375:журнал "Демоскоп". Русский язык — советский язык?
8634:Christer Kiselman (2008). Andrzej Pelczar (ed.).
8633:
8475:
8184:. Central Asian Bureau for Analytical Reporting.
5964:
5609:of Ukraine and Sevastopol to be one of Ukraine's
4510:Orthographic, current language, several editions
17592:
17159:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
9804:О словарном составе языка Великорусского народа.
9297:Все меньше школьников обучаются на русском языке
8833:
8831:
8747:
7792:"New education law becomes effective in Ukraine"
4550:
4038:Russian is notable for its distinction based on
1215:-Urdu, Spanish, French, Arabic, and Portuguese.
9599:
9230:
8532:
7681:Constitutional Court of the Republic of Moldova
7244:
7242:
7240:
7238:
7236:
7234:
7232:
7050:
7048:
7046:
7044:
7042:
7040:
7018:Nakhimovsky, A. D. (2019).
7005:Nakhimovsky, A. D. (2019).
6964:The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language
6707:
5930:
5921:
5900:
1819:International Fund for Agricultural Development
1749:
9580:
9144:
9142:
8309:Алексей Голубович, Forbes Russia, 9 March 2017
6430:
6200:
4460:Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language
2974:Older letters of the Russian alphabet include
1874:International Organization for Standardization
16295:
14872:
14649:
12360:
12242:
12114:
11966:
11463:
10520:
10339:
10315:
9908:
9834:Yanushevskaya, Irena; Bunčić, Daniel (2015).
9685:
9493:The Russian Language in the Twentieth Century
8828:
7746:(in Russian). Demoscope.ru. 8 November 2011.
7305:
7303:
7301:
7299:
7117:
6636:communication on issues of global importance.
5645:
5135:in the world and total population in Russia.
4963:
4939:
4915:
4891:
4867:
4843:
4819:
4795:
4765:
4695:
4685:
4675:
4665:
4655:
4598:from the 11th to 17th centuries, followed by
4590:(17th century or 18th century to the present)
4481:Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language (
4193:
3483:
3469:
3455:
3445:
3435:
3425:
3415:
3405:
3395:
3385:
3375:
3365:
3355:
3345:
3335:
3325:
3315:
3305:
3295:
3285:
3280:) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark
3275:
3166:
3156:
3135:
3132:, which later were graphically reshaped into
3097:
3073:
3049:
3025:
2987:
2957:
2943:
2929:
2915:
2901:
2887:
2873:
2859:
2845:
2831:
2817:
2801:
2787:
2773:
2759:
2745:
2731:
2717:
2703:
2689:
2675:
2661:
2645:
2631:
2617:
2603:
2589:
2575:
2561:
2547:
2533:
2519:
2505:
2392:(mainly nouns and verbs) borrowed from German
2234:
2153:
1547:its usage enjoys equal status to that of the
1174:Geographical distribution of Russian speakers
1130:
988:
982:
54:
9686:Trofimov, Michael V.; Jones, Daniel (1923).
9008:
9006:
7762:
7229:
7037:
6861:
4335:In terms of actual grammar, there are three
2416:and Norwegian traders in the Pomor trade in
354:(as inter-ethnic language despite having no
12256:
12128:
9886:Language regulator of the Russian language
9139:
7598:
7199:
7197:
6957:
6511:
6509:
5617:and Sevastopol to be one of Russia's three
4288:has occurred. Russian grammar encompasses:
4220:after soft ones. These vowels have several
2133:, with Moscow lying in the Central region.
1502:, Russian has no official status, but is a
16302:
16288:
14879:
14865:
14656:
14642:
12582:
12367:
12353:
12249:
12235:
12121:
12107:
11973:
11959:
11470:
11456:
10527:
10513:
10346:
10332:
9915:
9901:
9629:
9036:
9034:
8636:"Esperanto: its origins and early history"
8179:
7296:
7195:
7193:
7191:
7189:
7187:
7185:
7183:
7181:
7179:
7177:
7144:
6677:
6551:"The World's Most Widely Spoken Languages"
5120:Ministry of Education and Science (Russia)
3173:originally indicated the pronunciation of
1582:, Russian lost its status as the official
1167:
9851:
9581:Spolsky, Bernard; Shohamy, Elana (1999).
9489:; Stone, Gerald; Polinsky, Maria (1996).
9096:
9003:
8627:
8274:Русский язык в Монголии стал обязательным
8143:
8141:
8076:
6399:
6370:, 1977: Section II, Chapter 6, Article 36
5831:
5806:
5800:
4910:At times, on top of the threadbare roof,
1789:International Civil Aviation Organization
1760:List of official languages by institution
11980:
9877:National Corpus of the Russian Language
9015:The structure and development of Russian
9012:
7523:
6749:
6506:
6482:"The 10 Most Spoken Languages in Europe"
6249:我国已正式使用和经国家批准推行的少数民族文字有19种，它们是...俄罗斯文...
6120:
6118:
6015:
5985:
5603:under dispute between Russia and Ukraine
5569:"Uzbekistan: Law "On Official Language""
4604:
4358:
4187:
4042:of most of its consonants. The phoneme /
3244:History of computing in the Soviet Union
2499:values for each letter's typical sound:
2483:in 1574 in Lviv. This page features the
2470:
2412:grammar, used for communication between
2060: 12. Northern Russian dialect with
1930:
1799:World Intellectual Property Organization
1285:
1262:
1250:
1243:) (green — Belarusian, blue — Russian) (
1230:
1185:
1177:
921:official languages of the United Nations
16309:
15532:Collective Security Treaty Organization
14663:
11477:
9433:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
9120:Меньше россиян — меньше русскоговорящих
9031:
8987:Development of Tense and Aspect Systems
8861:
8755:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
8668:
8180:Bekmurzaev, Nurbek (28 February 2019).
7615:
7599:Labalaukytė, Rūta (26 September 2018).
7174:
6405:
6327:
6041:
5740:
5458:List of English words of Russian origin
4838:As it swirls heaps of snow in the air.
2229:is pronounced , not ) – this is called
1864:Collective Security Treaty Organization
1259:(according to the 2000 Estonian census)
14:
17593:
16328:Index of Soviet Union–related articles
12374:
11368:Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony
9857:, with supplementary sound recordings.
9585:. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
9539:
9040:
8867:
8717:Caloni, Wanderley (15 February 2007).
8716:
8238:
8188:from the original on 20 September 2022
8138:
7888:Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України
7732:from the original on 21 November 2023.
7710:from the original on 21 November 2023.
7558:from the original on 21 November 2023.
7536:from the original on 21 November 2023.
6442:
5770:
4476:Current language with some archaisms.
2281:Comparison with other Slavic languages
16283:
15090:Judicial system of the Russian Empire
14860:
14637:
13522:
12581:
12348:
12230:
12102:
11954:
11451:
10508:
10327:
10314:
9896:
9654:from the original on 7 September 2014
8698:from the original on 12 November 2017
8674:
8578:from the original on 12 February 2012
8572:"The Language of the Russian Village"
8546:"The Language of the Russian Village"
7982:from the original on 27 December 2023
7914:"Кому варто боятися закону про мову?"
7780:from the original on 25 October 2016.
7697:
7687:from the original on 22 October 2021.
7611:from the original on 19 October 2023.
7487:from the original on 10 January 2022.
7260:from the original on 23 October 2016.
7099:from the original on 26 December 2018
6953:
6951:
6949:
6719:
6462:from the original on 23 February 2021
6115:
6093:"Romania : Languages of Romania"
6049:"КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ЮЖНАЯ ОСЕТИЯ"
5960:
5958:
5931:Шухрат Хуррамов (11 September 2015).
5879:from the original on 24 February 2021
5717:
5715:
5685:, which is sometimes classified as a
5660:
5514:from the original on 18 February 2014
5397:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
5366:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4970:
4948:[ˈtoˈkakˈputʲnʲɪɡzəpɐˈzdaɫɨj]
4946:
4922:
4898:
4874:
4850:
4826:
4814:The storm covers the sky with a haze
4802:
4774:
3531:
1804:International Telecommunication Union
1641:Russian language in the United States
1132:современный русский литературный язык
942:; it distinguishes between consonant
796:(varieties: 53-AAA-eaa to 53-AAA-eat)
67:
17616:Languages written in Cyrillic script
17479:
16229:Unified Sports Classification System
10534:
10353:
9922:
9464:
9412:from the original on 7 December 2023
9332:from the original on 1 February 2014
9097:Madeleine, Meyer (8 December 2021).
8643:Prace Komisji Spraw Europejskich PAU
8265:
8220:from the original on 29 January 2017
8126:from the original on 28 October 2023
8051:
7750:from the original on 18 October 2014
7698:Tanas, Alexander (21 January 2021).
7505:from the original on 5 December 2023
7455:from the original on 23 January 2019
7451:. Deutsche Welle. 8 September 2018.
7349:from the original on 2 February 2023
7313:. The World Factbook. Archived from
6988:from the original on 22 January 2024
6921:
6361:
6330:Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas
6239:from the original on 28 October 2022
6188:from the original on 29 January 2021
6103:from the original on 31 January 2013
5933:"Почему русский язык нужен узбекам?"
5896:
5894:
5869:"КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАДЖИКИСТАН"
5632:Abkhazia and South Ossetia are only
5491:On the history of using "русский" ("
4237:
2304:
1937:
1327:— 89.0%, for Poles — 52.4%, and for
1017:, which was a loose conglomerate of
14886:
13523:
9758:РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК НА РУБЕЖЕ XX-XXI ВЕКОВ
9747:Русский язык на рубеже XX-XXI веков
9430:
9354:Русский язык на рубеже XX-XXI веков
9325:Русский Язык На Рубеже Xx-Ххi Веков
9265:
9236:
9207:
9178:
9116:
8807:from the original on 4 January 2024
8780:
8476:Matthias Gelbmann (19 March 2013).
8387:from the original on 7 January 2014
8383:. languagehat.com. 1 January 2009.
8200:
7950:from the original on 24 August 2023
7621:
7576:. 27 September 2013. Archived from
7284:from the original on 4 October 2020
6691:"Most similar languages to Russian"
6276:from the original on 4 January 2024
5839:"Официальный сайт Правительства КР"
5127:"). In the countries of the former
4900:[ˈtopɐˈkrovlʲɪɐbvʲɪtˈʂaɫəj]
4828:[ˈvʲixrʲɪˈsʲnʲɛʐnɨɪkrʊˈtʲa]
4804:[ˈburʲəˈmɡɫojuˈnʲɛbəˈkroɪt]
4050:and some other neologisms contain /
1897:mission, which first flew in 1975.
1879:International Mathematical Olympiad
1110:
24:
15527:Commonwealth of Independent States
9875:Национальный корпус русского языка
9826:
9544:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, Inc.
9518:Russian: A Linguistic Introduction
9443:from the original on 16 March 2021
9304:from the original on 5 August 2014
8849:from the original on 13 March 2020
8488:from the original on 12 April 2013
8453:from the original on 26 April 2014
8437:
8239:Brooke, James (15 February 2005).
7864:from the original on 31 March 2019
7832:from the original on 24 March 2022
7665:from the original on 4 April 2023.
7656:Oficialiosios statistikos portalas
7646:Statistics Lithuania census 2011:
7524:Sheremet, Anhelina (13 May 2022).
7429:from the original on 15 April 2012
7158:. 28 November 2008. Archived from
7132:from the original on 5 August 2014
7088:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
7062:from the original on 5 August 2014
6946:
6905:pp 219 Multilingual Matters, 1998
6659:from the original on 27 April 2024
6595:from the original on 26 April 2014
6579:
6420:from the original on 8 March 2013.
6352:
5955:
5712:
4876:[ˈtozɐˈpɫatɕɪt,kaɡdʲɪˈtʲa]
4705:
4541:Number of entries in the category
3191:
1844:Commonwealth of Independent States
1779:International Atomic Energy Agency
1255:Percentage of Russian speakers in
860:, and is still commonly used as a
25:
17647:
9862:
9702:(2nd ed.). Oxford, England:
9497:(2nd ed.). Oxford, England:
9386:from the original on 2 April 2013
9276:from the original on 8 March 2013
9218:from the original on 8 March 2013
9160:from the original on 5 April 2013
9127:from the original on 8 March 2013
8904:What types of dictionaries exist?
8729:from the original on 1 March 2012
8361:from the original on 12 July 2019
8326:from the original on 11 July 2019
8253:from the original on 14 June 2011
7802:from the original on 27 June 2018
7345:(in Estonian). 12 December 2022.
7118:Арефьев А. Л. (31 October 2013).
6697:from the original on 25 May 2017.
6625:from the original on 13 July 2021
6557:. Cleveland, Ohio. Archived from
6527:from the original on 28 June 2019
6309:from the original on 19 July 2010
6025:. 18 January 2009. Archived from
5973:from the original on 23 June 2016
5891:
5807:Nazarbaev, N. (4 December 2005).
4972:[ˈknamvɐˈkoʂkəzəstʊˈtɕit]
4958:And then, like a late traveller,
4924:[ˈvdruksɐˈɫoməjzəʂʊˈmʲit]
4862:At times, it howls like a beast,
4852:[ˈtokaɡzvʲerʲɐˈnazɐˈvoɪt]
4617:book known, one of many medieval
4284:structure, although considerable
4176:
4160:
4151:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4018:
4011:
3989:
3978:
3971:
3952:
3943:
3932:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3882:
3875:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3805:
3795:
3787:
3769:
3762:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3714:
3707:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3623:
2435:, a heavily russified variety of
1854:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
1814:Food and Agriculture Organization
1809:World Meteorological Organization
1523:Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
996:
17573:
17556:
17539:
17522:
17505:
17488:
17451:
17450:
17438:
12012:
11940:Mass media by language of Russia
11935:Knowledge in languages of Russia
10199:Solombala English–Russian Pidgin
9481:. Columbus, Ohio: Slavica Press.
9424:
9398:
9366:
9316:
9288:
9259:
9247:from the original on 12 May 2013
9201:
9189:from the original on 11 May 2013
9172:
9090:
9068:
9047:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 3.
8979:
8950:
8920:
8896:
8819:
8789:
8774:
8741:
8710:
8608:
8599:
8590:
8564:
8552:from the original on 7 June 2012
8538:
8500:
8469:
8431:
8399:
8373:
8347:
8338:
8312:
8068:
7924:from the original on 18 May 2019
6934:from the original on 27 May 2014
6874:from the original on 30 May 2016
6494:from the original on 2 June 2021
6387:from the original on 18 May 2010
6162:from the original on 7 June 2012
6136:from the original on 22 May 2012
6023:"Конституция Республики Абхазия"
6003:from the original on 13 May 2013
5943:from the original on 1 July 2016
5909:from the original on 13 May 2016
5758:from the original on 6 June 2013
5732:
5547:from the original on 18 May 2013
5442:
5428:
5414:
4739:Problems playing this file? See
4721:
4578:(until the 14th or 15th century)
4241:
2501:
2371:, a slang language developed by
1634:
1127:modern Russian literary language
925:fourth most widely used language
880:, and to a lesser extent in the
667:
655:
643:
631:
619:
607:
595:
511:
483:
467:
451:
417:
403:
377:
363:
343:
310:
294:
277:
261:
245:
106:: 150 million (2020 census)
9700:A Comprehensive Russian Grammar
9698:(2000). Holman, Michael (ed.).
9185:(in Russian). Socioprognoz.ru.
8293:
8232:
8173:
8108:
8022:
8002:"Europeans and their Languages"
7994:
7962:
7936:
7906:
7894:from the original on 2 May 2020
7876:
7857:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
7844:
7814:
7784:
7736:
7714:
7691:
7669:
7640:
7592:
7562:
7540:
7517:
7491:
7467:
7441:
7415:
7389:
7361:
7329:
7264:
7025:
7012:
6999:
6915:
6892:Colin Baker, Sylvia Prys Jones
6886:
6855:
6843:from the original on 5 May 2015
6818:
6806:from the original on 5 May 2015
6786:
6743:
6713:
6683:
6641:
6611:
6573:
6543:
6474:
6448:
6373:
6321:
6291:
6254:
6220:
6174:
6148:
6085:
5675:
5639:
5587:
5575:from the original on 8 May 2019
5463:List of Russian language topics
4557:History of the Russian language
4543:Русский язык (Russian language)
2144:typically pronounce unstressed
2121:language into three groupings,
1829:International Olympic Committee
1730:, the overwhelming majority of
1728:dissolution of the Soviet Union
1392:Constitutional Court of Moldova
1139:and developed from the Moscow (
18:Russian Language and Literature
11733:Languages with official status
11228:Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin
10178:Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin
9998:Romanization (transliteration)
9633:A Reference Grammar of Russian
8510:. Linguasphere Press. Pg. 442.
6924:"Language Learning Difficulty"
5861:
5634:partially recognized countries
5559:
5485:
5358:
5047:3: 12–18, 1997, ISSN 1369-9733
4563:Reforms of Russian orthography
3259:
3256:models were produced in 1951.
13:
1:
17636:Subject–verb–object languages
16991:Political abuse of psychiatry
16783:Congress of People's Deputies
15437:Political abuse of psychiatry
8706:– via lojban.github.io.
8605:Sussex & Cubberley, p. 3.
7920:(in Ukrainian). 16 May 2019.
5784:. 11 May 1998. Archived from
5700:
4886:And then cries like a child;
4613:of 1056 is the second oldest
4551:History and literary language
4354:
3521:
2148:clearly, a phenomenon called
1103:, Russian is classified as a
934:Russian is written using the
815:Indo-European language family
425:Autonomous Republic of Crimea
334:as official on regional level
16082:Traditions and superstitions
11363:Slavic second palatalization
9838:. Illustrations of the IPA.
9688:The Pronunciation of Russian
9328:(in Russian). Demoscope.ru.
9300:(in Russian). Demoscope.ru.
9272:(in Russian). Demoscope.ru.
9243:(in Russian). Demoscope.ru.
9214:(in Russian). Demoscope.ru.
9123:(in Russian). Demoscope.ru.
8959:Языки мира. Славянские языки
8615:Similar languages to Russian
8213:. Government of Uzbekistan.
7058:(in Russian). Demoscope.ru.
6972:10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1_20
6299:"Russian Language Institute"
5875:. Parliament of Tajikistan.
5705:
4998:only in 1990. Following the
4941:То, как пу́тник запозда́лый,
4845:То, как зверь, она́ заво́ет,
4421:Academic dictionary, III Ed.
4216:) after hard consonants and
3499:
3237:
3208:('frost') is transliterated
2361:and is characterized by its
1869:Antarctic Treaty Secretariat
1824:International Criminal Court
1750:As an international language
1453:Russia's full-scale invasion
1235:Languages spoken at home in
1025:, its closest relatives are
30:Not to be confused with the
7:
17626:Culture of the Soviet Union
17154:Academy of Medical Sciences
15748:Water supply and sanitation
11358:Slavic first palatalization
10091:Science fiction and fantasy
9156:(in Russian). 23 May 2012.
8533:Sussex & Cubberley 2006
8046:Central Intelligence Agency
7574:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
6708:Sussex & Cubberley 2006
6406:Арефьев, Александр (2006).
5652:
5566:other acceptable language"
5407:
5141:(assessment Aref'eva 2012)
4982:It knocks upon our window.
4934:It suddenly rustles straw,
4776:[ˈzʲimnʲɪjˈvʲetɕɪr]
3142:and merged phonetically to
2491:Russian is written using a
2456:
2140:and those spoken along the
1912:
1887:International Space Station
1859:Eurasian Economic Community
1211:, after English, Mandarin,
1045:in Belarus. An East Slavic
917:International Space Station
442:Partially recognized states
111:: 110 million (2020 census)
10:
17652:
10285:Russian Language Institute
9884:Russian Language Institute
9638:Cambridge University Press
9613:Cambridge University Press
9603:; Cubberley, Paul (2006).
9459:
8443:"My Long Mission in Space"
8208:"Law on Official Language"
8154:. UN Stats. Archived from
6585:"My Long Mission in Space"
6555:Saint Ignatius High School
6431:Spolsky & Shohamy 1999
5969:. Неприкосновенный запас.
5965:Евгений Абдуллаев (2009).
5611:cities with special status
5040:G. Weber, "Top Languages",
4965:К нам в око́шко застучи́т.
4858:To, kak zveŕ, oná zavójet,
4797:Бу́ря мгло́ю не́бо кро́ет,
4560:
4554:
4407:Academic dictionary, II Ed
4393:Academic dictionary, I Ed.
4231:
4227:
4194:Trofimov & Jones (1923
3518:(C)(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)(C)
3503:
3263:
3241:
3195:
3126:
3116:
3088:
3064:
3040:
3016:
3006:
2978:
2460:
2208:, instances of unstressed
1916:
1753:
1638:
1615:Russian language in Israel
1572:Constitution of Tajikistan
1561:Constitution of Kyrgyzstan
1545:Constitution of Kazakhstan
1171:
1114:
1097:Defense Language Institute
836:. Russian has remained an
36:
29:
17432:
17376:
17350:
17270:
17193:
17184:
17129:
17036:
16999:
16939:
16842:
16804:
16724:
16586:
16577:
16527:
16475:
16466:
16318:
16248:
16005:
15769:
15760:
15593:
15584:
15337:
15328:
15136:
15127:
15062:
14904:
14895:
14844:
14783:
14715:
14687:
14671:
14605:
14578:Southern (Shanghai) Sign
14563:
14492:
14436:
14240:
14178:
14131:
14088:
14050:
13935:
13857:
13848:
13780:
13743:
13630:
13621:
13533:
13529:
13518:
13459:
13361:
13243:
13169:
13016:
12898:
12710:
12701:
12653:
12605:
12594:
12590:
12577:
12570:
12550:
12457:
12405:
12398:
12382:
12326:
12285:
12264:
12208:
12157:
12136:
12080:
12029:
12007:
11988:
11924:
11882:
11732:
11501:
11485:
11431:
11348:
11295:
11204:
11158:
11150:Slavic dialects of Greece
11086:
11051:
11040:
11006:
10904:
10829:
10820:
10759:
10741:
10718:
10709:
10610:
10542:
10464:
10443:
10412:
10361:
10321:
10316:Links to related articles
10272:
10217:
10158:
10099:
10071:
10026:
9968:
9930:
9853:10.1017/S0025100314000395
9630:Timberlake, Alan (2004).
8882:10.1080/00806760802494232
8768:10.1109/MAHC.2023.3326668
7091:(21st ed.). Dallas:
6764:10.1017/S0041977X00111954
6383:. Gallup. 1 August 2008.
5646:
5615:federal subject of Russia
5098:CIA World Factbook (2005)
5014:has since been reversed.
4964:
4954:To, kak pútnik zapozdályj
4940:
4916:
4893:То по кро́вле обветша́лой
4892:
4868:
4844:
4820:
4810:Búrja mglóju nébo krójet,
4796:
4766:
4696:
4686:
4676:
4666:
4656:
4629:The political reforms of
4490:1991 (2nd ed.)
4273:Russian has preserved an
4089:
4001:
3961:
3819:
3777:
3662:
3617:
3560:
3555:
3548:
3538:
3533:
3484:
3470:
3456:
3446:
3436:
3426:
3416:
3406:
3396:
3386:
3376:
3366:
3356:
3346:
3344:– "this is marvellous"),
3336:
3326:
3316:
3306:
3296:
3286:
3276:
3213:
3203:
3167:
3157:
3136:
3098:
3074:
3050:
3026:
2988:
2958:
2944:
2930:
2916:
2902:
2888:
2874:
2860:
2846:
2832:
2818:
2802:
2788:
2774:
2760:
2746:
2732:
2718:
2704:
2690:
2676:
2662:
2646:
2632:
2618:
2604:
2590:
2576:
2562:
2548:
2534:
2520:
2506:
2235:
2221:
2206:Southern Russian dialects
2154:
2138:Northern Russian dialects
1935:Russian dialects in 1915
1784:World Health Organization
1515:small Russian communities
1347:constitutional referendum
1226:
1141:Middle or Central Russian
1131:
989:
983:
785:
769:
753:
737:
719:
701:
696:
684:
577:
393:Left Bank of the Dniester
228:Official language in
226:
221:
196:
161:
115:
97:
83:
69:[ˈruskʲɪi̯jɪˈzɨk]
63:
55:
53:
48:
15522:Prime Minister of Russia
10159:Pidgins, creoles, cants
9540:Isurin, Ludmila (2011).
9477:Carleton, T. R. (1991).
9374:
9324:
9296:
9268:
9239:
9210:
9181:
9119:
9013:Matthews, W. K. (2013).
8620:25 February 2021 at the
8506:David Dalby. 1999–2000.
8273:
7607:. Outsourcing&More.
6726:"Russian Language"
6710:, pp. 477–478, 480.
6408:
5901:Юрий Подпоренко (2001).
5662:[ˈruskʲɪjjɪˈzɨk]
5506:
5478:
4978:K nam v okóško zastučít.
4917:Вдруг соло́мой зашуми́т,
4869:То запла́чет, как дитя́,
4623:Russian National Library
3468:who ate the cookie?") –
3374:– "I shall learn it") –
2239:). Consonants include a
1736:Brighton Beach, Brooklyn
1290:Percentage of people in
1009:. It is a descendant of
17445:Soviet Union portal
15960:Social entrepreneurship
15849:Forced public apologies
15784:Anti-American sentiment
14575:Northern (Beijing) Sign
12258:Languages of Kyrgyzstan
12130:Languages of Kazakhstan
9809:30 January 2008 at the
9763:1 February 2014 at the
9562:Shohamy, Elana (2006).
9499:Oxford University Press
9041:Flaitz, Jeffra (1988).
8910:17 January 2012 at the
8034:4 February 2021 at the
6736:Encyclopædia Britannica
6286:...属于印欧语系的是属斯拉夫语族的俄语...
5093:5–6 (tied with Arabic)
4906:To po króvle obvetšáloj
4882:To zapláčet, kak ditjá,
4821:Ви́хри сне́жные крутя́;
4619:illuminated manuscripts
4204:, and in some analyses
4192:Russian vowel chart by
3198:Romanization of Russian
3022:, which both merged to
2365:nouns and Russian verbs
2321:, brought by relocated
1482:
1308:Constitution of Belarus
1168:Geographic distribution
1041:in eastern Ukraine and
17631:Stress-timed languages
17337:Stalinist architecture
17091:Science and technology
17001:Ideological repression
16929:Soviet Airborne Forces
16867:Destruction battalions
15708:Social security system
15691:Science and technology
15357:Classified information
15183:Central Russian Upland
12584:Sino-Tibetan languages
10290:Russkiy Mir Foundation
10008:Computer Russification
9669:The Slavonic languages
9516:Cubberley, P. (2002).
8011:. 2006. Archived from
7918:Портал мовної політики
5495:") and "российский" ("
5473:Computer Russification
5405:
5393:
5375:
4930:Vdrug solómoj zašumít,
4834:Víhri snéžnyje krutjá,
4710:
4626:
4370:
4197:
3414:, "scandal, affair"),
2488:
2291:mutual intelligibility
2113:
1834:Universal Postal Union
1466:refugees living abroad
1426:gives priority to the
1381:2011 Lithuanian census
1351:instruction in Russian
1312:2019 Belarusian census
1299:
1283:
1260:
1248:
1241:2009 Belarusian census
1220:six official languages
1218:Russian is one of the
1191:
1183:
1165:
951:secondary articulation
92:Russian-speaking world
17606:East Slavic languages
17119:List of metro systems
16672:Collective leadership
16169:Russian tsars regalia
15502:Intelligence agencies
15225:Great Russian Regions
14969:Expansion (1500-1800)
12334:Russian Sign Language
12216:Russian Sign Language
12088:Russian Sign Language
11281:Taimyr Pidgin Russian
9740:5 August 2014 at the
9566:. London: Routledge.
8357:. 20 September 2016.
8344:Awde and Sarwan, 2003
8305:13 March 2017 at the
7860:. 24 September 2017.
7828:. 27 September 2017.
7554:. 28 September 2023.
7501:. 29 September 2022.
6901:20 March 2018 at the
6862:Iraj Bashiri (1990).
6521:University of Toronto
6490:. 12 September 2019.
6081:on 21 September 2016.
5530:Acta Slavica Iaponica
5401:
5387:
5371:
4709:
4697:Алекса́ндр Грибое́дов
4692:Aleksander Griboyedov
4608:
4362:
4191:
3394:– "to be cutting") –
3384:– "I recognize it"),
3364:– "fine young man"),
3196:Further information:
2474:
2443:Taimyr Pidgin Russian
1934:
1521:and the northwestern
1432:public administration
1404:2010 census in Russia
1296:2001 Ukrainian census
1289:
1266:
1254:
1234:
1189:
1181:
1160:
1013:, a language used in
973:, though an optional
90:, other areas of the
17081:Net material product
17024:Censorship of images
16941:Political repression
16901:Soviet Border Troops
16834:First Deputy Premier
16418:1965 economic reform
16413:Soviet space program
16236:World Heritage sites
15613:Droughts and famines
15166:Environmental issues
14914:Proto-Indo-Europeans
11982:Languages of Belarus
9775:5 April 2013 at the
9752:15 June 2013 at the
9704:Blackwell Publishing
9605:The Slavic languages
9359:15 June 2013 at the
8965:. pp. 448–450.
8914:from www.gramota.ru
8781:Karpava, Sviatlana.
8684:. Logical Language.
8676:Cowan, John Woldemar
8320:"Russians in Israel"
7162:on 28 September 2014
6619:"Official Languages"
6561:on 27 September 2011
6416:(in Russian) (251).
6338:Franz Steiner Verlag
6099:. 19 February 1999.
5507:РУССКИЙ – РОССИЙСКИЙ
5064:World Almanac (1999)
5000:break-up of the USSR
4760:English Translation
4501:Lopatin's dictionary
2475:A page from Azbuka (
2351:Medny Aleut language
1744:United States Census
1517:in the northeastern
1397:2014 Moldovan census
1148:Bolshevik Revolution
1101:Monterey, California
1047:Old Novgorod dialect
1007:Indo-European family
1003:East Slavic language
907:. It is the world's
807:East Slavic language
27:East Slavic language
17611:Languages of Russia
17149:Academy of Sciences
16964:Population transfer
16908:Soviet Armed Forces
16771:Congress of Soviets
16752:Presidium/Politburo
16716:Soviet anti-Zionism
16565:West Siberian Plain
16443:Revolutions of 1989
16380:Great Patriotic War
16365:New Economic Policy
16087:Forms of addressing
15696:Academy of Sciences
15653:Financial districts
15517:President of Russia
15442:Political divisions
15402:Freedom of assembly
15284:West Siberian Plain
15030:Great Patriotic War
14991:February Revolution
14665:Languages of Israel
14618:NM = Inner Mongolia
11930:Languages of Russia
11504:of federal subjects
11479:Languages of Russia
11307:Pan-Slavic language
11106:Burgenland Croatian
10986:Marcho-Magdeburgian
10583:Old Church Slavonic
10188:Padonkaffsky jargon
10161:and mixed languages
9940:Old Church Slavonic
9787:12 May 2013 at the
8928:"{section.caption}"
8803:. 27 January 2020.
8535:, pp. 521–526.
7481:The Daily Telegraph
6721:Minns, Ellis Hovell
6212:21 May 2011 at the
5849:on 22 December 2012
5607:autonomous republic
5597:and of the city of
5436:Soviet Union portal
5163:Russian Federation,
5142:
5019:
3528:
3527:Consonant phonemes
3334:– "this is odd") –
3266:Russian orthography
2369:Padonkaffsky jargon
2357:that was spoken on
1764:Internet in Russian
579:Recognised minority
169:Proto-Indo-European
16794:Military Collegium
16662:Capital punishment
16540:Caucasus Mountains
16453:Post-Soviet states
16333:Russian Revolution
16137:Russian given name
15723:Telecommunications
15673:Petroleum industry
15537:State of emergency
15382:Far-right politics
15347:Capital punishment
15193:Meshchera Lowlands
15047:Russian Federation
15003:October Revolution
14155:Formosan languages
12376:Languages of China
12286:Minority languages
12158:Minority languages
12137:Official languages
12030:Minority languages
11989:Official languages
11393:Illič-Svityč's law
11373:Monophthongization
10881:Camaldolese Slovak
10694:Canadian Ukrainian
10560:Up to Proto-Slavic
10553:Proto-Balto-Slavic
9869:Russian Enthusiast
9487:Comrie, Bernard S.
9182:Сведения об авторе
9080:8 May 2016 at the
8938:on 12 January 2012
8246:The New York Times
8041:The World Factbook
7683:. 1 January 2021.
7377:. 13 December 2022
6621:. United Nations.
6266:"中国语言文字概况（2021年版）"
6264:(27 August 2021).
6029:on 18 January 2009
5905:. Дружба Народов.
5819:on 20 October 2007
5138:
5017:
4711:
4677:Михаи́л Ле́рмонтов
4662:Russian literature
4657:Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин
4641:'s (Лев Толсто́й)
4627:
4371:
4253:. You can help by
4198:
4086:, "the letter Б".
3526:
3354:– "well done!") –
3314:– "worthwhile") –
3228:character encoding
3094:, which merged to
3070:, which merged to
3046:, which merged to
2984:, which merged to
2489:
2386:macaronic language
2114:
2014:Southern dialects
1941:Northern dialects
1656:Nikolaevsk, Alaska
1428:Ukrainian language
1300:
1284:
1271:(according to the
1261:
1249:
1239:(according to the
1192:
1184:
1105:level III language
911:, and the world's
899:, the most spoken
842:Russian Federation
236:5 UN member states
174:Proto-Balto-Slavic
17470:
17469:
17464:
17463:
17428:
17427:
17420:Hammer and sickle
17362:and their groups
17360:Soviet dissidents
17139:Communist Academy
17056:Economic planning
17032:
17031:
16925:Soviet Air Forces
16844:Security services
16764:General Secretary
16747:Central Committee
16689:Political parties
16621:Brezhnev Doctrine
16616:Foreign relations
16573:
16572:
16514:Autonomous okrugs
16428:Soviet–Afghan War
16408:Sino-Soviet split
16350:Russian Civil War
16277:
16276:
16244:
16243:
15824:Domestic violence
15756:
15755:
15678:Russian oligarchs
15603:Aircraft industry
15580:
15579:
15557:Mass surveillance
15547:Search and rescue
15512:Political parties
15392:Foreign relations
15324:
15323:
15123:
15122:
15115:Historical cities
14974:Tsardom of Russia
14854:
14853:
14631:
14630:
14174:
14173:
14170:
14169:
14166:
14165:
14159:
14151:
14143:
14046:
14045:
13776:
13775:
13514:
13513:
13510:
13509:
13239:
13238:
13235:
13234:
12566:
12565:
12342:
12341:
12265:Official language
12224:
12223:
12096:
12095:
11948:
11947:
11916:
11871:Southern Yukaghir
11864:Northern Yukaghir
11541:
11534:
11445:
11444:
11438:extinct languages
11269:Solombala English
11200:
11199:
11123:Prekmurje Slovene
11036:
11035:
10816:
10815:
10670:Doukhobor Russian
10593:Glagolitic script
10502:
10501:
10405:
10393:
10381:
10308:
10307:
9823:
9822:
9713:978-0-631-20757-3
9678:978-0-415-04755-5
9647:978-0-521-77292-1
9622:978-0-521-22315-7
9527:978-0-521-79641-5
9508:978-0-19-824066-2
9431:Nations, United.
9054:978-3-110-11549-9
8972:978-5-87444-216-3
8281:on 9 October 2008
8066:(21st ed., 2018)
7728:. 31 March 2017.
7580:on 6 January 2021
7093:SIL International
6981:978-1-349-67307-0
6922:Thompson, Irene.
6130:Council of Europe
6055:on 11 August 2009
5999:. 5 August 2008.
5730:(26th ed., 2023)
5395:Article 1 of the
5381:of the text into
5363:Article 1 of the
5356:
5355:
5112:
5111:
4996:official language
4986:
4985:
4726:
4672:Mikhail Lermontov
4652:Alexander Pushkin
4621:preserved in the
4548:
4547:
4271:
4270:
4186:
4185:
4064:/t,d,ts,s,z,n,rʲ/
4036:
4035:
3893:
3827:
3725:
3670:
3613:
3606:
3601:
3594:
3589:
3582:
3577:
3570:
3506:Russian phonology
3490:Ty syel pechénye?
3485:Ты съел пече́нье?
3476:Ty syél pechenye?
3471:Ты съе́л печенье?
3462:Tý syel pechenye?
3457:Ты́ съел печенье?
2972:
2971:
2305:Derived languages
2293:between Russian,
2129:(or Middle), and
2111:
2110:
1994:Central dialects
1647:Russian explorers
1419:new education law
1402:According to the
1203:, Australia, and
1095:According to the
923:, as well as the
919:, one of the six
838:official language
830:official language
809:belonging to the
800:
799:
686:Regulated by
495:
479:
463:
429:
397:
389:
359:
322:
306:
289:
273:
257:
16:(Redirected from
17643:
17601:Russian language
17586:
17578:
17577:
17576:
17569:
17561:
17560:
17559:
17552:
17544:
17543:
17542:
17535:
17527:
17526:
17525:
17518:
17510:
17509:
17508:
17501:
17493:
17492:
17491:
17481:
17475:Russian language
17454:
17453:
17443:
17442:
17441:
17191:
17190:
17099:
16954:Collectivization
16699:Marxism–Leninism
16584:
16583:
16473:
16472:
16304:
16297:
16290:
16281:
16280:
16257:
16204:Russian language
16147:National symbols
15767:
15766:
15686:
15643:Fishing industry
15633:Economic regions
15628:Defence industry
15591:
15590:
15335:
15334:
15289:Russian Far East
15188:Northwest Russia
15146:Cities and towns
15134:
15133:
14996:Russian Republic
14902:
14901:
14881:
14874:
14867:
14858:
14857:
14848:Jewish languages
14831:Levantine Arabic
14658:
14651:
14644:
14635:
14634:
14587:
14157:
14149:
14141:
13855:
13854:
13628:
13627:
13531:
13530:
13520:
13519:
12708:
12707:
12603:
12602:
12592:
12591:
12579:
12578:
12575:
12574:
12403:
12402:
12390:Standard Chinese
12369:
12362:
12355:
12346:
12345:
12251:
12244:
12237:
12228:
12227:
12123:
12116:
12109:
12100:
12099:
12022:
12017:
12016:
12015:
11975:
11968:
11961:
11952:
11951:
11908:
11905:Mongolian script
11895:Cyrillic Braille
11873:
11866:
11837:
11830:
11823:
11816:
11797:
11790:
11783:
11668:
11661:
11647:
11640:
11537:
11530:
11486:Federal language
11472:
11465:
11458:
11449:
11448:
11339:Slavonic-Serbian
11190:Cieszyn Silesian
11061:Carpathian Rusyn
11049:
11048:
10827:
10826:
10716:
10715:
10601:Modern languages
10536:Slavic languages
10529:
10522:
10515:
10506:
10505:
10399:
10387:
10371:
10355:Russian dialects
10348:
10341:
10334:
10325:
10324:
10312:
10311:
9924:Russian language
9917:
9910:
9903:
9894:
9893:
9889:
9880:
9856:
9855:
9717:
9691:
9682:
9663:
9661:
9659:
9636:. New York, NY:
9626:
9596:
9577:
9555:
9531:
9512:
9496:
9482:
9465:
9453:
9452:
9450:
9448:
9428:
9422:
9421:
9419:
9417:
9402:
9396:
9395:
9393:
9391:
9370:
9364:
9351:
9342:
9341:
9339:
9337:
9320:
9314:
9313:
9311:
9309:
9292:
9286:
9285:
9283:
9281:
9263:
9257:
9256:
9254:
9252:
9234:
9228:
9227:
9225:
9223:
9205:
9199:
9198:
9196:
9194:
9176:
9170:
9169:
9167:
9165:
9146:
9137:
9136:
9134:
9132:
9114:
9103:
9102:
9094:
9088:
9087:
9072:
9066:
9065:
9063:
9061:
9038:
9029:
9028:
9010:
9001:
9000:
8983:
8977:
8976:
8954:
8948:
8947:
8945:
8943:
8934:. Archived from
8932:yarus.asu.edu.ru
8924:
8918:
8917:
8900:
8894:
8893:
8865:
8859:
8858:
8856:
8854:
8835:
8826:
8823:
8817:
8816:
8814:
8812:
8793:
8787:
8786:
8778:
8772:
8771:
8745:
8739:
8738:
8736:
8734:
8723:The Code Project
8714:
8708:
8707:
8705:
8703:
8672:
8666:
8665:
8663:
8661:
8655:
8640:
8631:
8625:
8612:
8606:
8603:
8597:
8594:
8588:
8587:
8585:
8583:
8568:
8562:
8561:
8559:
8557:
8542:
8536:
8530:
8511:
8504:
8498:
8497:
8495:
8493:
8473:
8467:
8466:
8460:
8458:
8435:
8429:
8428:
8426:
8424:
8418:
8412:. Archived from
8411:
8403:
8397:
8396:
8394:
8392:
8377:
8371:
8370:
8368:
8366:
8351:
8345:
8342:
8336:
8335:
8333:
8331:
8316:
8310:
8297:
8291:
8290:
8288:
8286:
8269:
8263:
8262:
8260:
8258:
8236:
8230:
8229:
8227:
8225:
8219:
8212:
8204:
8198:
8197:
8195:
8193:
8177:
8171:
8170:
8168:
8166:
8160:
8153:
8145:
8136:
8135:
8133:
8131:
8112:
8106:
8105:
8103:
8101:
8095:
8088:
8080:
8074:
8073:
8072:
8055:
8049:
8026:
8020:
8019:
8017:
8006:
7998:
7992:
7991:
7989:
7987:
7981:
7974:
7966:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7955:
7946:(in Ukrainian).
7940:
7934:
7933:
7931:
7929:
7910:
7904:
7903:
7901:
7899:
7880:
7874:
7873:
7871:
7869:
7848:
7842:
7841:
7839:
7837:
7818:
7812:
7811:
7809:
7807:
7788:
7782:
7781:
7766:
7760:
7759:
7757:
7755:
7740:
7734:
7733:
7718:
7712:
7711:
7695:
7689:
7688:
7673:
7667:
7666:
7664:
7653:
7644:
7638:
7637:
7636:on 3 April 2016.
7635:
7629:. Archived from
7628:
7619:
7613:
7612:
7605:Invest Lithuania
7596:
7590:
7589:
7587:
7585:
7566:
7560:
7559:
7544:
7538:
7537:
7521:
7515:
7514:
7512:
7510:
7495:
7489:
7488:
7483:. 3 April 2018.
7478:
7471:
7465:
7464:
7462:
7460:
7445:
7439:
7438:
7436:
7434:
7419:
7413:
7412:
7410:
7408:
7393:
7387:
7386:
7384:
7382:
7365:
7359:
7358:
7356:
7354:
7333:
7327:
7326:
7324:
7322:
7307:
7294:
7293:
7291:
7289:
7283:
7276:
7268:
7262:
7261:
7246:
7227:
7226:
7224:
7222:
7216:
7210:. Archived from
7209:
7201:
7172:
7171:
7169:
7167:
7148:
7142:
7141:
7139:
7137:
7115:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7104:
7078:
7072:
7071:
7069:
7067:
7052:
7035:
7029:
7023:
7016:
7010:
7003:
6997:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6955:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6939:
6919:
6913:
6890:
6884:
6883:
6881:
6879:
6859:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6848:
6842:
6831:
6822:
6816:
6815:
6813:
6811:
6805:
6798:
6790:
6784:
6783:
6747:
6741:
6740:
6728:
6717:
6711:
6705:
6699:
6698:
6687:
6681:
6675:
6669:
6668:
6666:
6664:
6645:
6639:
6638:
6632:
6630:
6615:
6609:
6608:
6602:
6600:
6577:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6547:
6541:
6540:
6534:
6532:
6513:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6499:
6478:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6452:
6446:
6440:
6434:
6428:
6422:
6421:
6403:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6377:
6371:
6365:
6359:
6356:
6350:
6349:
6325:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6314:
6295:
6289:
6288:
6283:
6281:
6258:
6252:
6251:
6246:
6244:
6224:
6218:
6204:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6193:
6178:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6167:
6152:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6141:
6122:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6089:
6083:
6082:
6071:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6060:
6045:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6019:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6008:
5989:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5978:
5962:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5948:
5928:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5914:
5898:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5865:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5845:. Archived from
5835:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5824:
5815:. Archived from
5804:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5782:President.gov.by
5774:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5744:
5738:
5737:
5736:
5719:
5694:
5679:
5673:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5664:
5659:
5655:
5649:
5648:
5643:
5637:
5630:
5621:
5591:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5563:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5546:
5539:
5526:Tomasz Kamusella
5523:
5521:
5519:
5489:
5452:
5447:
5446:
5438:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5424:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5161:Soviet Union and
5143:
5137:
5043:Language Monthly
5020:
5016:
5013:
4974:
4967:
4966:
4950:
4943:
4942:
4926:
4919:
4918:
4902:
4895:
4894:
4878:
4871:
4870:
4854:
4847:
4846:
4830:
4823:
4822:
4806:
4799:
4798:
4778:
4771:
4770:
4748:
4747:
4728:
4727:
4708:
4699:
4698:
4689:
4688:
4687:Никола́й Го́голь
4679:
4678:
4669:
4668:
4659:
4658:
4633:(Пётр Вели́кий,
4611:Ostromir Gospels
4376:
4375:
4324:Western European
4266:
4263:
4245:
4238:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4180:
4164:
4155:
4141:
4133:
4125:
4094:
4093:
4085:
4082:, "we" , or бэ,
4081:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4045:
4022:
4015:
3993:
3982:
3975:
3956:
3947:
3936:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3891:
3886:
3879:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3825:
3809:
3799:
3791:
3773:
3766:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3723:
3718:
3711:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3668:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3609:
3604:
3597:
3592:
3585:
3580:
3573:
3568:
3529:
3525:
3487:
3486:
3473:
3472:
3459:
3458:
3449:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3429:
3428:
3419:
3418:
3409:
3408:
3399:
3398:
3389:
3388:
3379:
3378:
3369:
3368:
3359:
3358:
3349:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3329:
3328:
3319:
3318:
3309:
3308:
3299:
3298:
3289:
3288:
3279:
3278:
3217:
3207:
3187:
3183:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3059:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2940:
2935:
2934:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2912:
2907:
2906:
2898:
2893:
2892:
2884:
2879:
2878:
2870:
2865:
2864:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2842:
2837:
2836:
2828:
2823:
2822:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2798:
2793:
2792:
2784:
2779:
2778:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2756:
2751:
2750:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2700:
2695:
2694:
2686:
2681:
2680:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2642:
2637:
2636:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2614:
2609:
2608:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2572:
2567:
2566:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2502:
2463:Russian alphabet
2451:Taimyr Peninsula
2445:, spoken by the
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2228:
2215:
2211:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2168:
2157:
2156:
2147:
2100:
2091:
2080:
2069:
2059:
2048:
2038:
2028:
2018:
2007:
1998:
1985:
1975:
1965:
1955:
1945:
1938:
1919:Russian dialects
1281:
1152:Nikolai Karinsky
1134:
1133:
1111:Standard Russian
1053:due to a common
992:
991:
986:
985:
971:orthographically
936:Russian alphabet
781:
765:
749:
742:
733:
732:
724:
715:
714:
706:
673:
671:
670:
661:
659:
658:
649:
647:
646:
637:
635:
634:
625:
623:
622:
613:
611:
610:
601:
599:
598:
581:language in
517:
515:
514:
493:
489:
487:
486:
477:
473:
471:
470:
461:
457:
455:
454:
427:
423:
421:
420:
409:
407:
406:
395:
387:
383:
381:
380:
369:
367:
366:
353:
349:
347:
346:
320:
316:
314:
313:
304:
300:
298:
297:
287:
283:
281:
280:
271:
267:
265:
264:
255:
251:
249:
248:
211:Russian alphabet
202:
121:
79:
78:
77:
71:
58:
57:
46:
45:
21:
17651:
17650:
17646:
17645:
17644:
17642:
17641:
17640:
17591:
17590:
17589:
17582:Russian edition
17579:
17574:
17572:
17568:from Wikivoyage
17562:
17557:
17555:
17545:
17540:
17538:
17528:
17523:
17521:
17511:
17506:
17504:
17500:from Wiktionary
17494:
17489:
17487:
17484:
17480:sister projects
17477:at Knowledge's
17471:
17466:
17465:
17460:
17439:
17437:
17424:
17372:
17346:
17266:
17180:
17125:
17097:
17071:Internet domain
17066:Five-year plans
17028:
16995:
16935:
16838:
16800:
16732:Communist Party
16720:
16679:Passport system
16569:
16545:European Russia
16523:
16462:
16403:Khrushchev Thaw
16382:(World War II)
16360:Creation treaty
16314:
16308:
16278:
16273:
16260:
16253:
16240:
16199:Public holidays
16194:Political jokes
16179:Personification
16132:Names of Russia
16001:
15920:Life expectancy
15752:
15684:
15576:
15427:Law enforcement
15320:
15306:Protected areas
15203:Smolensk Upland
15198:Oka–Don Lowland
15178:European Russia
15119:
15058:
14944:Mongol invasion
14891:
14885:
14855:
14850:
14840:
14779:
14711:
14683:
14667:
14662:
14632:
14627:
14601:
14581:
14559:
14488:
14432:
14243:
14236:
14162:
14142:(Indo-European)
14127:
14084:
14042:
13931:
13844:
13772:
13739:
13617:
13525:
13524:Other languages
13506:
13455:
13386:Central Tibetan
13357:
13231:
13165:
13012:
12894:
12697:
12649:
12597:
12586:
12562:
12546:
12453:
12394:
12378:
12373:
12343:
12338:
12322:
12281:
12260:
12255:
12225:
12220:
12204:
12153:
12132:
12127:
12097:
12092:
12076:
12025:
12018:
12013:
12011:
12005:
11984:
11979:
11949:
11944:
11920:
11878:
11869:
11862:
11833:
11826:
11819:
11812:
11793:
11788:Southern Khanty
11786:
11781:Northern Khanty
11779:
11728:
11664:
11657:
11643:
11636:
11602:Karachay-Balkar
11503:
11502:State languages
11497:
11481:
11476:
11446:
11441:
11427:
11350:
11344:
11298:
11291:
11221:Bohemian Romani
11206:Mixed languages
11196:
11173:Pannonian Rusyn
11154:
11096:Banat Bulgarian
11082:
11044:
11032:
11002:
10900:
10892:Pannonian Rusyn
10812:
10755:
10737:
10705:
10665:Alaskan Russian
10640:Old Novgorodian
10633:Old East Slavic
10606:
10588:Cyrillic script
10578:Church Slavonic
10538:
10533:
10503:
10498:
10460:
10439:
10408:
10357:
10352:
10317:
10309:
10304:
10268:
10213:
10168:Alaskan Russian
10160:
10154:
10095:
10067:
10061:Vowel reduction
10022:
9964:
9950:Old East Slavic
9945:Church Slavonic
9926:
9921:
9887:
9878:
9865:
9860:
9829:
9827:Further reading
9824:
9816:
9811:Wayback Machine
9789:Wayback Machine
9777:Wayback Machine
9765:Wayback Machine
9754:Wayback Machine
9742:Wayback Machine
9722:
9720:
9714:
9694:
9679:
9666:
9657:
9655:
9648:
9623:
9593:
9574:
9561:
9552:
9528:
9515:
9509:
9485:
9476:
9462:
9457:
9456:
9446:
9444:
9429:
9425:
9415:
9413:
9404:
9403:
9399:
9389:
9387:
9376:
9372:
9371:
9367:
9361:Wayback Machine
9352:
9345:
9335:
9333:
9326:
9322:
9321:
9317:
9307:
9305:
9298:
9294:
9293:
9289:
9279:
9277:
9270:
9264:
9260:
9250:
9248:
9241:
9235:
9231:
9221:
9219:
9212:
9206:
9202:
9192:
9190:
9183:
9179:Арефьев, А. Л.
9177:
9173:
9163:
9161:
9148:
9147:
9140:
9130:
9128:
9121:
9115:
9106:
9095:
9091:
9085:
9082:Wayback Machine
9073:
9069:
9059:
9057:
9055:
9039:
9032:
9025:
9011:
9004:
8997:
8985:
8984:
8980:
8973:
8955:
8951:
8941:
8939:
8926:
8925:
8921:
8915:
8912:Wayback Machine
8901:
8897:
8866:
8862:
8852:
8850:
8837:
8836:
8829:
8824:
8820:
8810:
8808:
8801:FluentU Russian
8795:
8794:
8790:
8779:
8775:
8746:
8742:
8732:
8730:
8715:
8711:
8701:
8699:
8692:
8673:
8669:
8659:
8657:
8656:on 4 March 2016
8653:
8638:
8632:
8628:
8622:Wayback Machine
8613:
8609:
8604:
8600:
8595:
8591:
8581:
8579:
8570:
8569:
8565:
8555:
8553:
8544:
8543:
8539:
8531:
8514:
8505:
8501:
8491:
8489:
8474:
8470:
8456:
8454:
8436:
8432:
8422:
8420:
8419:on 14 June 2013
8416:
8409:
8405:
8404:
8400:
8390:
8388:
8379:
8378:
8374:
8364:
8362:
8353:
8352:
8348:
8343:
8339:
8329:
8327:
8318:
8317:
8313:
8307:Wayback Machine
8298:
8294:
8284:
8282:
8275:
8271:
8270:
8266:
8256:
8254:
8237:
8233:
8223:
8221:
8217:
8210:
8206:
8205:
8201:
8191:
8189:
8178:
8174:
8164:
8162:
8161:on 10 July 2012
8158:
8151:
8147:
8146:
8139:
8129:
8127:
8114:
8113:
8109:
8099:
8097:
8096:on 15 June 2021
8093:
8086:
8082:
8081:
8077:
8067:
8056:
8052:
8036:Wayback Machine
8027:
8023:
8018:on 21 May 2009.
8015:
8004:
8000:
7999:
7995:
7985:
7983:
7979:
7972:
7968:
7967:
7963:
7953:
7951:
7942:
7941:
7937:
7927:
7925:
7912:
7911:
7907:
7897:
7895:
7882:
7881:
7877:
7867:
7865:
7850:
7849:
7845:
7835:
7833:
7826:The Irish Times
7820:
7819:
7815:
7805:
7803:
7790:
7789:
7785:
7768:
7767:
7763:
7753:
7751:
7742:
7741:
7737:
7720:
7719:
7715:
7696:
7692:
7675:
7674:
7670:
7662:
7651:
7647:
7645:
7641:
7633:
7626:
7620:
7616:
7597:
7593:
7583:
7581:
7568:
7567:
7563:
7546:
7545:
7541:
7522:
7518:
7508:
7506:
7497:
7496:
7492:
7473:
7472:
7468:
7458:
7456:
7447:
7446:
7442:
7432:
7430:
7421:
7420:
7416:
7406:
7404:
7395:
7394:
7390:
7380:
7378:
7367:
7366:
7362:
7352:
7350:
7335:
7334:
7330:
7320:
7318:
7309:
7308:
7297:
7287:
7285:
7281:
7274:
7270:
7269:
7265:
7248:
7247:
7230:
7220:
7218:
7217:on 4 March 2016
7214:
7207:
7203:
7202:
7175:
7165:
7163:
7150:
7149:
7145:
7135:
7133:
7125:Демоскоп Weekly
7116:
7112:
7102:
7100:
7079:
7075:
7065:
7063:
7054:
7053:
7038:
7030:
7026:
7017:
7013:
7004:
7000:
6991:
6989:
6982:
6956:
6947:
6937:
6935:
6920:
6916:
6903:Wayback Machine
6891:
6887:
6877:
6875:
6860:
6856:
6846:
6844:
6840:
6834:roa.rutgers.edu
6829:
6823:
6819:
6809:
6807:
6803:
6796:
6792:
6791:
6787:
6748:
6744:
6718:
6714:
6706:
6702:
6689:
6688:
6684:
6678:Timberlake 2004
6676:
6672:
6662:
6660:
6647:
6646:
6642:
6628:
6626:
6617:
6616:
6612:
6598:
6596:
6578:
6574:
6564:
6562:
6549:
6548:
6544:
6530:
6528:
6515:
6514:
6507:
6497:
6495:
6480:
6479:
6475:
6465:
6463:
6454:
6453:
6449:
6441:
6437:
6429:
6425:
6414:Демоскоп Weekly
6410:
6404:
6400:
6390:
6388:
6379:
6378:
6374:
6366:
6362:
6357:
6353:
6326:
6322:
6312:
6310:
6297:
6296:
6292:
6279:
6277:
6259:
6255:
6242:
6240:
6229:"少数民族的语言文字有哪些？"
6225:
6221:
6214:Wayback Machine
6205:
6201:
6191:
6189:
6184:. Deschide.md.
6180:
6179:
6175:
6165:
6163:
6154:
6153:
6149:
6139:
6137:
6124:
6123:
6116:
6106:
6104:
6091:
6090:
6086:
6073:
6072:
6068:
6058:
6056:
6047:
6046:
6042:
6032:
6030:
6021:
6020:
6016:
6006:
6004:
5991:
5990:
5986:
5976:
5974:
5963:
5956:
5946:
5944:
5929:
5922:
5912:
5910:
5899:
5892:
5882:
5880:
5867:
5866:
5862:
5852:
5850:
5837:
5836:
5832:
5822:
5820:
5813:Constcouncil.kz
5805:
5801:
5791:
5789:
5776:
5775:
5771:
5761:
5759:
5752:Constitution.ru
5746:
5745:
5741:
5731:
5720:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5697:
5680:
5676:
5666:
5665:
5657:
5644:
5640:
5631:
5624:
5592:
5588:
5578:
5576:
5567:
5564:
5560:
5550:
5548:
5544:
5537:
5533:
5517:
5515:
5508:
5504:
5501:Oleg Trubachyov
5490:
5486:
5481:
5450:Language portal
5448:
5441:
5434:
5429:
5427:
5420:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5361:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5160:
5159:Russian Empire,
5158:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5140:
5125:Demoskop Weekly
5116:Demoskop Weekly
5046:
5041:
5026:Native speakers
5011:
4992:
4757:Transliteration
4746:
4745:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4729:
4722:
4719:
4712:
4706:
4631:Peter the Great
4576:Old East Slavic
4565:
4559:
4553:
4535:11 October 2021
4489:
4357:
4317:Church Slavonic
4267:
4261:
4258:
4251:needs expansion
4236:
4234:Russian grammar
4230:
4092:
3551:
3542:
3524:
3508:
3502:
3482:the cookie?) –
3324:– "standing"),
3268:
3262:
3246:
3240:
3200:
3194:
3192:Transliteration
3164:
3154:
3133:
3123:
3113:
3095:
3085:
3071:
3061:
3047:
3037:
3023:
3013:
3003:
2985:
2975:
2965:
2951:
2937:
2923:
2909:
2895:
2881:
2867:
2853:
2839:
2825:
2809:
2795:
2781:
2767:
2753:
2739:
2725:
2711:
2697:
2683:
2669:
2653:
2639:
2625:
2611:
2597:
2583:
2569:
2555:
2541:
2527:
2513:
2485:Cyrillic script
2469:
2467:Russian Braille
2461:Main articles:
2459:
2307:
2283:
2112:
2106:
2098:
2096:
2085:
2074:
2067:
2065:
2057:
2054:
2046:
2044:
2036:
2034:
2026:
2024:
2016:
2013:
2005:
2003:
1996:
1991:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1971:
1963:
1961:
1953:
1951:
1943:
1929:
1917:Main articles:
1915:
1883:
1766:
1752:
1724:ethnic enclaves
1643:
1637:
1549:Kazakh language
1485:
1275:
1229:
1176:
1170:
1137:Peter the Great
1119:
1113:
1055:Church Slavonic
1023:spoken language
1011:Old East Slavic
999:
940:Cyrillic script
901:Slavic language
893:native language
795:
791:53-AAA-ea <
777:
761:
758:
745:
738:
728:
727:
720:
710:
709:
702:
680:
679:
668:
666:
665:
656:
654:
653:
644:
642:
641:
632:
630:
629:
620:
618:
617:
608:
606:
605:
596:
594:
591:
590:
582:
580:
573:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
512:
510:
507:
506:
501:
500:
484:
482:
468:
466:
452:
450:
445:
444:
437:
436:
418:
416:
404:
402:
378:
376:
364:
362:
344:
342:
337:
336:
328:
327:
311:
309:
295:
293:
290:
278:
276:
262:
260:
246:
244:
239:
238:
229:
222:Official status
216:Russian Braille
214:
203:
198:
192:
184:Old East Slavic
164:
157:
122:
119:Language family
117:
107:
100:
99:Native speakers
73:
72:
59:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
17649:
17639:
17638:
17633:
17628:
17623:
17621:Lingua francas
17618:
17613:
17608:
17603:
17588:
17587:
17570:
17553:
17551:from Wikibooks
17536:
17534:from Wikiquote
17519:
17502:
17473:
17468:
17467:
17462:
17461:
17459:
17458:
17448:
17433:
17430:
17429:
17426:
17425:
17423:
17422:
17417:
17416:
17415:
17405:
17404:
17403:
17393:
17392:
17391:
17380:
17378:
17374:
17373:
17371:
17370:
17369:
17368:
17356:
17354:
17348:
17347:
17345:
17344:
17339:
17334:
17329:
17324:
17319:
17314:
17309:
17308:
17307:
17297:
17292:
17287:
17282:
17276:
17274:
17268:
17267:
17265:
17264:
17259:
17254:
17253:
17252:
17247:
17237:
17232:
17227:
17226:
17225:
17220:
17215:
17205:
17200:
17194:
17188:
17182:
17181:
17179:
17178:
17177:
17176:
17166:
17161:
17156:
17151:
17146:
17141:
17135:
17133:
17127:
17126:
17124:
17123:
17122:
17121:
17116:
17114:Rail transport
17111:
17109:Railway system
17101:
17093:
17088:
17083:
17078:
17073:
17068:
17063:
17058:
17053:
17048:
17042:
17040:
17034:
17033:
17030:
17029:
17027:
17026:
17021:
17016:
17011:
17005:
17003:
16997:
16996:
16994:
16993:
16988:
16983:
16982:
16981:
16971:
16966:
16961:
16956:
16951:
16945:
16943:
16937:
16936:
16934:
16933:
16932:
16931:
16905:
16904:
16903:
16898:
16888:
16883:
16882:
16881:
16871:
16870:
16869:
16859:
16854:
16848:
16846:
16840:
16839:
16837:
16836:
16831:
16829:Deputy Premier
16826:
16821:
16820:
16819:
16812:Heads of state
16808:
16806:
16802:
16801:
16799:
16798:
16797:
16796:
16786:
16780:
16777:Supreme Soviet
16774:
16768:
16767:
16766:
16761:
16760:
16759:
16754:
16744:
16739:
16728:
16726:
16722:
16721:
16719:
16718:
16713:
16712:
16711:
16706:
16701:
16694:State ideology
16691:
16686:
16681:
16676:
16675:
16674:
16664:
16659:
16654:
16653:
16652:
16642:
16641:
16640:
16630:
16625:
16624:
16623:
16613:
16608:
16607:
16606:
16601:
16590:
16588:
16581:
16575:
16574:
16571:
16570:
16568:
16567:
16562:
16560:Ural Mountains
16557:
16552:
16550:North Caucasus
16547:
16542:
16537:
16531:
16529:
16525:
16524:
16522:
16521:
16516:
16511:
16510:
16509:
16499:
16494:
16493:
16492:
16481:
16479:
16470:
16464:
16463:
16461:
16460:
16455:
16450:
16445:
16440:
16435:
16430:
16425:
16420:
16415:
16410:
16405:
16400:
16395:
16394:
16393:
16388:
16377:
16372:
16367:
16362:
16357:
16352:
16347:
16346:
16345:
16340:
16330:
16324:
16322:
16316:
16315:
16307:
16306:
16299:
16292:
16284:
16275:
16274:
16272:
16271:
16266:
16259:
16258:
16250:
16249:
16246:
16245:
16242:
16241:
16239:
16238:
16233:
16232:
16231:
16221:
16216:
16211:
16206:
16201:
16196:
16191:
16186:
16181:
16176:
16171:
16166:
16165:
16164:
16159:
16154:
16144:
16139:
16134:
16129:
16124:
16119:
16114:
16109:
16104:
16099:
16094:
16089:
16084:
16079:
16074:
16069:
16064:
16059:
16054:
16053:
16052:
16042:
16037:
16032:
16027:
16022:
16017:
16011:
16009:
16003:
16002:
16000:
15999:
15998:
15997:
15987:
15982:
15977:
15972:
15967:
15962:
15957:
15952:
15947:
15942:
15937:
15932:
15927:
15922:
15917:
15912:
15911:
15910:
15905:
15895:
15894:
15893:
15883:
15882:
15881:
15876:
15871:
15861:
15856:
15851:
15846:
15841:
15836:
15831:
15826:
15821:
15816:
15811:
15806:
15801:
15796:
15791:
15786:
15781:
15776:
15770:
15764:
15758:
15757:
15754:
15753:
15751:
15750:
15745:
15740:
15735:
15730:
15725:
15720:
15715:
15713:Space industry
15710:
15705:
15700:
15699:
15698:
15688:
15680:
15675:
15670:
15665:
15660:
15655:
15650:
15645:
15640:
15635:
15630:
15625:
15620:
15615:
15610:
15605:
15600:
15594:
15588:
15582:
15581:
15578:
15577:
15575:
15574:
15569:
15564:
15559:
15554:
15552:Urban planning
15549:
15544:
15539:
15534:
15529:
15524:
15519:
15514:
15509:
15504:
15499:
15494:
15489:
15484:
15479:
15474:
15469:
15464:
15459:
15454:
15449:
15444:
15439:
15434:
15424:
15419:
15414:
15404:
15399:
15389:
15387:Federal budget
15384:
15379:
15374:
15369:
15364:
15359:
15354:
15349:
15344:
15338:
15332:
15326:
15325:
15322:
15321:
15319:
15318:
15313:
15308:
15303:
15298:
15296:North Caucasus
15293:
15292:
15291:
15286:
15281:
15271:
15270:
15269:
15264:
15259:
15249:
15248:
15247:
15237:
15232:
15230:Highest points
15227:
15222:
15217:
15212:
15207:
15206:
15205:
15200:
15195:
15190:
15185:
15175:
15173:Extreme points
15170:
15169:
15168:
15158:
15153:
15148:
15143:
15137:
15131:
15125:
15124:
15121:
15120:
15118:
15117:
15112:
15107:
15102:
15097:
15092:
15087:
15082:
15077:
15072:
15066:
15064:
15060:
15059:
15057:
15056:
15055:
15054:
15044:
15043:
15042:
15037:
15032:
15022:
15021:
15020:
15015:
15005:
15000:
14999:
14998:
14988:
14986:Russian Empire
14983:
14982:
14981:
14971:
14966:
14965:
14964:
14959:
14954:
14946:
14941:
14936:
14931:
14926:
14921:
14916:
14910:
14908:
14899:
14893:
14892:
14890: articles
14884:
14883:
14876:
14869:
14861:
14852:
14851:
14845:
14842:
14841:
14839:
14838:
14833:
14828:
14823:
14818:
14813:
14808:
14803:
14798:
14793:
14787:
14785:
14784:Sign languages
14781:
14780:
14778:
14777:
14770:
14765:
14760:
14755:
14750:
14745:
14740:
14735:
14730:
14725:
14719:
14717:
14713:
14712:
14710:
14709:
14708:
14707:
14702:
14691:
14689:
14688:Special status
14685:
14684:
14682:
14681:
14675:
14673:
14669:
14668:
14661:
14660:
14653:
14646:
14638:
14629:
14628:
14626:
14625:
14622:
14619:
14616:
14613:
14612:HK = Hong Kong
14610:
14606:
14603:
14602:
14600:
14599:
14592:
14591:
14590:
14589:
14588:
14583:Hong Kong Sign
14576:
14567:
14565:
14561:
14560:
14558:
14557:
14552:
14547:
14542:
14537:
14532:
14527:
14522:
14517:
14512:
14507:
14502:
14496:
14494:
14490:
14489:
14487:
14486:
14481:
14476:
14471:
14466:
14461:
14456:
14451:
14446:
14440:
14438:
14434:
14433:
14431:
14430:
14429:
14428:
14423:
14413:
14412:
14411:
14406:
14396:
14395:
14394:
14389:
14379:
14378:
14377:
14372:
14367:
14362:
14357:
14352:
14351:
14350:
14345:
14340:
14325:
14320:
14315:
14310:
14309:
14308:
14303:
14302:
14301:
14291:
14286:
14285:
14284:
14274:
14269:
14264:
14259:
14248:
14246:
14238:
14237:
14235:
14234:
14229:
14223:
14218:
14213:
14208:
14203:
14198:
14193:
14188:
14182:
14180:
14176:
14175:
14172:
14171:
14168:
14167:
14164:
14163:
14161:
14160:
14158:(Austronesian)
14152:
14150:(Austronesian)
14144:
14135:
14133:
14129:
14128:
14126:
14125:
14120:
14115:
14110:
14105:
14100:
14094:
14092:
14086:
14085:
14083:
14082:
14077:
14072:
14067:
14062:
14056:
14054:
14048:
14047:
14044:
14043:
14041:
14040:
14035:
14030:
14025:
14020:
14015:
14010:
14005:
14000:
13995:
13990:
13985:
13980:
13975:
13970:
13965:
13960:
13955:
13950:
13945:
13939:
13937:
13933:
13932:
13930:
13929:
13924:
13919:
13914:
13909:
13904:
13899:
13894:
13889:
13884:
13879:
13874:
13869:
13863:
13861:
13852:
13846:
13845:
13843:
13842:
13837:
13832:
13827:
13822:
13817:
13812:
13807:
13802:
13797:
13792:
13786:
13784:
13778:
13777:
13774:
13773:
13771:
13770:
13765:
13760:
13755:
13749:
13747:
13741:
13740:
13738:
13737:
13732:
13727:
13722:
13717:
13712:
13707:
13702:
13697:
13692:
13687:
13682:
13677:
13672:
13667:
13662:
13657:
13652:
13647:
13642:
13636:
13634:
13625:
13619:
13618:
13616:
13615:
13610:
13605:
13600:
13595:
13590:
13585:
13580:
13575:
13570:
13565:
13560:
13555:
13550:
13545:
13539:
13537:
13527:
13526:
13516:
13515:
13512:
13511:
13508:
13507:
13505:
13504:
13499:
13494:
13489:
13484:
13479:
13474:
13469:
13463:
13461:
13457:
13456:
13454:
13453:
13448:
13443:
13438:
13433:
13428:
13423:
13418:
13413:
13408:
13403:
13398:
13393:
13388:
13383:
13378:
13373:
13367:
13365:
13359:
13358:
13356:
13355:
13350:
13345:
13340:
13335:
13330:
13328:Southern Qiang
13325:
13323:Northern Qiang
13320:
13315:
13310:
13305:
13300:
13295:
13290:
13285:
13280:
13275:
13270:
13265:
13260:
13255:
13249:
13247:
13241:
13240:
13237:
13236:
13233:
13232:
13230:
13229:
13224:
13219:
13214:
13209:
13204:
13199:
13194:
13189:
13184:
13179:
13173:
13171:
13167:
13166:
13164:
13163:
13158:
13153:
13148:
13143:
13138:
13133:
13128:
13123:
13118:
13113:
13108:
13103:
13098:
13093:
13088:
13083:
13078:
13073:
13068:
13063:
13058:
13053:
13048:
13043:
13038:
13033:
13028:
13022:
13020:
13014:
13013:
13011:
13010:
13005:
13000:
12995:
12990:
12985:
12980:
12975:
12970:
12965:
12960:
12955:
12950:
12945:
12940:
12935:
12930:
12925:
12920:
12915:
12910:
12904:
12902:
12896:
12895:
12893:
12892:
12887:
12882:
12877:
12872:
12867:
12862:
12857:
12852:
12847:
12842:
12837:
12832:
12827:
12822:
12817:
12812:
12807:
12802:
12797:
12792:
12787:
12782:
12777:
12772:
12767:
12762:
12757:
12752:
12747:
12742:
12737:
12732:
12727:
12722:
12716:
12714:
12705:
12699:
12698:
12696:
12695:
12690:
12685:
12680:
12675:
12670:
12665:
12659:
12657:
12651:
12650:
12648:
12647:
12642:
12637:
12632:
12627:
12622:
12617:
12611:
12609:
12600:
12588:
12587:
12572:
12568:
12567:
12564:
12563:
12560:
12558:
12548:
12547:
12545:
12544:
12539:
12534:
12529:
12524:
12519:
12514:
12509:
12504:
12499:
12494:
12489:
12484:
12479:
12474:
12469:
12463:
12461:
12455:
12454:
12452:
12451:
12446:
12441:
12436:
12431:
12426:
12421:
12415:
12413:
12400:
12396:
12395:
12393:
12392:
12386:
12384:
12380:
12379:
12372:
12371:
12364:
12357:
12349:
12340:
12339:
12337:
12336:
12330:
12328:
12327:Sign languages
12324:
12323:
12321:
12320:
12315:
12310:
12305:
12300:
12295:
12289:
12287:
12283:
12282:
12280:
12279:
12274:
12268:
12266:
12262:
12261:
12254:
12253:
12246:
12239:
12231:
12222:
12221:
12219:
12218:
12212:
12210:
12209:Sign languages
12206:
12205:
12203:
12202:
12197:
12192:
12187:
12182:
12177:
12172:
12167:
12161:
12159:
12155:
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12152:
12151:
12146:
12140:
12138:
12134:
12133:
12126:
12125:
12118:
12111:
12103:
12094:
12093:
12091:
12090:
12084:
12082:
12078:
12077:
12075:
12074:
12069:
12064:
12059:
12054:
12049:
12044:
12039:
12033:
12031:
12027:
12026:
12024:
12023:
12020:Belarus portal
12008:
12006:
12004:
12003:
11998:
11992:
11990:
11986:
11985:
11978:
11977:
11970:
11963:
11955:
11946:
11945:
11943:
11942:
11937:
11932:
11925:
11922:
11921:
11919:
11918:
11902:
11897:
11892:
11886:
11884:
11880:
11879:
11877:
11876:
11875:
11874:
11867:
11855:
11850:
11845:
11840:
11839:
11838:
11835:Southern Mansi
11831:
11824:
11817:
11814:Northern Mansi
11805:
11800:
11799:
11798:
11795:Eastern Khanty
11791:
11784:
11772:
11767:
11762:
11757:
11752:
11747:
11742:
11736:
11734:
11730:
11729:
11727:
11726:
11721:
11716:
11711:
11706:
11701:
11696:
11691:
11686:
11681:
11676:
11671:
11670:
11669:
11662:
11650:
11649:
11648:
11641:
11629:
11624:
11619:
11614:
11609:
11604:
11599:
11594:
11589:
11584:
11579:
11574:
11569:
11564:
11559:
11554:
11549:
11544:
11543:
11542:
11539:Southern Altai
11535:
11532:Northern Altai
11523:
11518:
11513:
11507:
11505:
11499:
11498:
11496:
11495:
11489:
11487:
11483:
11482:
11475:
11474:
11467:
11460:
11452:
11443:
11442:
11432:
11429:
11428:
11426:
11425:
11420:
11418:Van Wijk's law
11415:
11413:Ruki sound law
11410:
11408:Pedersen's law
11405:
11400:
11395:
11390:
11385:
11380:
11375:
11370:
11365:
11360:
11354:
11352:
11346:
11345:
11343:
11342:
11335:
11328:
11321:
11316:
11315:
11314:
11303:
11301:
11293:
11292:
11290:
11289:
11284:
11277:
11272:
11265:
11258:
11253:
11251:Romano-Serbian
11248:
11243:
11238:
11231:
11224:
11216:
11210:
11208:
11202:
11201:
11198:
11197:
11195:
11194:
11193:
11192:
11182:
11177:
11176:
11175:
11168:Eastern Slovak
11164:
11162:
11156:
11155:
11153:
11152:
11147:
11146:
11145:
11140:
11130:
11125:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11109:
11108:
11098:
11092:
11090:
11084:
11083:
11081:
11080:
11075:
11070:
11069:
11068:
11057:
11055:
11046:
11042:Microlanguages
11038:
11037:
11034:
11033:
11031:
11030:
11029:
11028:
11018:
11012:
11010:
11004:
11003:
11001:
11000:
10999:
10998:
10993:
10988:
10978:
10977:
10976:
10971:
10961:
10960:
10959:
10958:
10957:
10945:
10944:
10943:
10936:
10929:
10924:
10913:East Lechitic
10910:
10908:
10902:
10901:
10899:
10898:
10897:
10896:
10895:
10894:
10887:Eastern Slovak
10884:
10872:
10871:
10870:
10868:White Croatian
10865:
10860:
10853:
10846:
10844:Biblical Czech
10835:
10833:
10824:
10818:
10817:
10814:
10813:
10811:
10810:
10805:
10804:
10803:
10798:
10793:
10788:
10783:
10776:Serbo-Croatian
10773:
10765:
10763:
10757:
10756:
10754:
10753:
10747:
10745:
10739:
10738:
10736:
10735:
10730:
10724:
10722:
10713:
10707:
10706:
10704:
10703:
10702:
10701:
10696:
10691:
10681:
10676:
10675:
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10667:
10652:
10645:
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10629:
10628:
10627:
10616:
10614:
10608:
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10597:
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10595:
10590:
10585:
10575:
10563:
10556:
10548:
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10540:
10539:
10532:
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10524:
10517:
10509:
10500:
10499:
10497:
10496:
10489:
10484:
10479:
10474:
10468:
10466:
10462:
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10447:
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10440:
10438:
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10432:
10427:
10422:
10416:
10414:
10410:
10409:
10407:
10406:
10394:
10382:
10365:
10363:
10359:
10358:
10351:
10350:
10343:
10336:
10328:
10322:
10319:
10318:
10306:
10305:
10303:
10302:
10300:List of topics
10297:
10292:
10287:
10282:
10276:
10274:
10270:
10269:
10267:
10266:
10261:
10260:
10259:
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10212:
10211:
10206:
10201:
10196:
10191:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10164:
10162:
10156:
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10153:
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10135:
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10128:
10118:
10117:
10116:
10105:
10103:
10097:
10096:
10094:
10093:
10088:
10083:
10077:
10075:
10069:
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10066:
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10015:
10010:
10005:
10000:
9995:
9994:
9993:
9988:
9986:Spelling rules
9978:
9972:
9970:
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9962:
9957:
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9927:
9920:
9919:
9912:
9905:
9897:
9891:
9890:
9881:
9872:
9864:
9863:External links
9861:
9859:
9858:
9846:(2): 221–228.
9830:
9828:
9825:
9821:
9820:
9815:
9814:
9800:
9797:
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9791:
9779:
9767:
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9730:
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9724:
9719:
9718:
9712:
9692:
9683:
9677:
9664:
9646:
9627:
9621:
9601:Sussex, Roland
9597:
9591:
9578:
9572:
9559:
9556:
9550:
9537:
9532:
9526:
9513:
9507:
9483:
9473:
9472:
9471:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9455:
9454:
9437:United Nations
9423:
9397:
9382:(in Russian).
9365:
9343:
9315:
9287:
9258:
9229:
9200:
9171:
9138:
9104:
9089:
9067:
9053:
9030:
9023:
9002:
8995:
8978:
8971:
8949:
8919:
8895:
8876:(1): 135–158.
8870:Scando-Slavica
8860:
8827:
8818:
8788:
8773:
8740:
8709:
8690:
8667:
8626:
8607:
8598:
8589:
8574:(in Russian).
8563:
8548:(in Russian).
8537:
8512:
8499:
8468:
8439:Wakata, Koichi
8430:
8398:
8372:
8346:
8337:
8311:
8292:
8264:
8231:
8199:
8172:
8137:
8107:
8075:
8050:
8021:
7993:
7961:
7935:
7905:
7875:
7843:
7813:
7796:www.unian.info
7783:
7776:(in Russian).
7761:
7735:
7713:
7690:
7668:
7639:
7622:Andrlík, Jan.
7614:
7591:
7561:
7539:
7516:
7490:
7466:
7440:
7414:
7388:
7374:Estonian World
7360:
7328:
7317:on 23 May 2022
7295:
7263:
7256:(in Russian).
7228:
7173:
7143:
7128:(in Russian).
7110:
7073:
7036:
7024:
7011:
6998:
6980:
6945:
6914:
6885:
6854:
6817:
6785:
6758:(2): 392–394.
6742:
6731:Chisholm, Hugh
6712:
6700:
6682:
6670:
6640:
6610:
6581:Wakata, Koichi
6572:
6542:
6505:
6473:
6458:. Ethnologue.
6447:
6435:
6433:, p. 236.
6423:
6398:
6372:
6360:
6351:
6320:
6290:
6272:(in Chinese).
6253:
6235:(in Chinese).
6219:
6199:
6173:
6147:
6114:
6097:Ethnologue.com
6084:
6066:
6040:
6014:
5984:
5954:
5920:
5890:
5873:prokuratura.tj
5860:
5830:
5799:
5769:
5739:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5674:
5638:
5622:
5619:federal cities
5593:The status of
5586:
5558:
5510:(in Russian).
5483:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5454:
5453:
5439:
5425:
5409:
5406:
5383:Latin alphabet
5360:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5350:
5347:
5344:
5341:
5338:
5334:
5333:
5330:
5327:
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5321:
5318:
5314:
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5310:
5307:
5304:
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5298:
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5270:
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5264:
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5238:
5234:
5233:
5230:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5194:
5193:
5187:share in world
5185:
5175:
5169:share in world
5167:
5155:
5147:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5099:
5095:
5094:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5082:
5081:SIL (2000 WCD)
5078:
5077:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5065:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5051:
5048:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5032:Total speakers
5030:
5027:
5024:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4975:
4968:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4951:
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4927:
4920:
4912:
4911:
4908:
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4824:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4807:
4800:
4792:
4791:
4789:Winter evening
4786:
4779:
4772:
4768:Зи́мний ве́чер
4762:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4736:
4730:
4720:
4717:Winter Evening
4715:
4714:
4713:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4667:высо́кий стиль
4600:Modern Russian
4592:
4591:
4588:Modern Russian
4585:
4582:Middle Russian
4579:
4555:Main article:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4545:
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4380:
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4320:
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4299:
4269:
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4248:
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4232:Main article:
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4135:
4126:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4091:
4088:
4072:alveolar ridge
4040:palatalization
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4007:
4005:
3999:
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3987:
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3590:
3583:
3578:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3547:
3537:
3532:
3523:
3520:
3504:Main article:
3501:
3498:
3264:Main article:
3261:
3258:
3242:Main article:
3239:
3236:
3193:
3190:
2970:
2969:
2955:
2941:
2927:
2913:
2899:
2885:
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2743:
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2687:
2673:
2658:
2657:
2643:
2629:
2615:
2601:
2587:
2573:
2559:
2545:
2531:
2517:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2440:
2430:
2424:
2422:Kola Peninsula
2399:
2393:
2379:
2366:
2355:mixed language
2348:
2342:
2332:
2326:
2306:
2303:
2282:
2279:
2109:
2108:
2097:
2066:
2056:
2045:
2035:
2025:
2015:
2004:
2001:Moscow dialect
1995:
1992:
1982:
1972:
1962:
1952:
1942:
1936:
1923:Moscow dialect
1914:
1911:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1774:United Nations
1770:
1751:
1748:
1636:
1633:
1484:
1481:
1228:
1225:
1172:Main article:
1169:
1166:
1117:Moscow dialect
1115:Main article:
1112:
1109:
1001:Russian is an
998:
997:Classification
995:
961:of unstressed
832:of the former
813:branch of the
798:
797:
789:
783:
782:
775:
767:
766:
759:
754:
751:
750:
743:
735:
734:
725:
717:
716:
707:
699:
698:
697:Language codes
694:
693:
688:
682:
681:
678:
677:
627:Czech Republic
588:
587:
586:
585:
583:
578:
575:
574:
572:
571:
543:
542:
537:
532:
527:
519:United Nations
504:
503:
502:
499:
498:
497:
496:
480:
464:
440:
439:
438:
435:
434:
433:
432:
431:
430:
400:
399:
398:
390:
360:
331:
330:
329:
326:
325:
324:
323:
307:
291:
274:
258:
234:
233:
232:
230:
227:
224:
223:
219:
218:
204:
200:Writing system
197:
194:
193:
191:
190:
189:
188:
187:
186:
167:
165:
162:
159:
158:
156:
155:
154:
153:
152:
151:
150:
149:
125:
123:
116:
113:
112:
101:
98:
95:
94:
85:
84:Native to
81:
80:
65:
61:
60:
51:
50:
32:Rusyn language
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
17648:
17637:
17634:
17632:
17629:
17627:
17624:
17622:
17619:
17617:
17614:
17612:
17609:
17607:
17604:
17602:
17599:
17598:
17596:
17584:
17583:
17571:
17567:
17566:
17554:
17550:
17549:
17537:
17533:
17532:
17520:
17516:
17515:
17503:
17499:
17498:
17486:
17485:
17482:
17476:
17457:
17449:
17447:
17446:
17435:
17434:
17431:
17421:
17418:
17414:
17411:
17410:
17409:
17406:
17402:
17399:
17398:
17397:
17394:
17390:
17387:
17386:
17385:
17382:
17381:
17379:
17375:
17367:
17364:
17363:
17361:
17358:
17357:
17355:
17353:
17349:
17343:
17340:
17338:
17335:
17333:
17330:
17328:
17325:
17323:
17320:
17318:
17317:Printed media
17315:
17313:
17310:
17306:
17303:
17302:
17301:
17298:
17296:
17293:
17291:
17288:
17286:
17283:
17281:
17278:
17277:
17275:
17273:
17269:
17263:
17260:
17258:
17255:
17251:
17250:Cyrillisation
17248:
17246:
17243:
17242:
17241:
17238:
17236:
17233:
17231:
17228:
17224:
17221:
17219:
17218:Working class
17216:
17214:
17213:Soviet people
17211:
17210:
17209:
17206:
17204:
17201:
17199:
17196:
17195:
17192:
17189:
17187:
17183:
17175:
17172:
17171:
17170:
17167:
17165:
17162:
17160:
17157:
17155:
17152:
17150:
17147:
17145:
17142:
17140:
17137:
17136:
17134:
17132:
17128:
17120:
17117:
17115:
17112:
17110:
17107:
17106:
17105:
17102:
17100:
17094:
17092:
17089:
17087:
17084:
17082:
17079:
17077:
17074:
17072:
17069:
17067:
17064:
17062:
17061:Energy policy
17059:
17057:
17054:
17052:
17049:
17047:
17044:
17043:
17041:
17039:
17035:
17025:
17022:
17020:
17017:
17015:
17012:
17010:
17007:
17006:
17004:
17002:
16998:
16992:
16989:
16987:
16984:
16980:
16977:
16976:
16975:
16972:
16970:
16967:
16965:
16962:
16960:
16957:
16955:
16952:
16950:
16947:
16946:
16944:
16942:
16938:
16930:
16926:
16922:
16918:
16914:
16911:
16910:
16909:
16906:
16902:
16899:
16897:
16894:
16893:
16892:
16889:
16887:
16884:
16880:
16877:
16876:
16875:
16872:
16868:
16865:
16864:
16863:
16860:
16858:
16855:
16853:
16850:
16849:
16847:
16845:
16841:
16835:
16832:
16830:
16827:
16825:
16822:
16818:
16815:
16814:
16813:
16810:
16809:
16807:
16803:
16795:
16792:
16791:
16790:
16789:Supreme Court
16787:
16784:
16781:
16778:
16775:
16772:
16769:
16765:
16762:
16758:
16755:
16753:
16750:
16749:
16748:
16745:
16743:
16740:
16738:
16735:
16734:
16733:
16730:
16729:
16727:
16723:
16717:
16714:
16710:
16707:
16705:
16702:
16700:
16697:
16696:
16695:
16692:
16690:
16687:
16685:
16682:
16680:
16677:
16673:
16670:
16669:
16668:
16665:
16663:
16660:
16658:
16655:
16651:
16648:
16647:
16646:
16643:
16639:
16636:
16635:
16634:
16631:
16629:
16626:
16622:
16619:
16618:
16617:
16614:
16612:
16609:
16605:
16602:
16600:
16597:
16596:
16595:
16592:
16591:
16589:
16585:
16582:
16580:
16576:
16566:
16563:
16561:
16558:
16556:
16553:
16551:
16548:
16546:
16543:
16541:
16538:
16536:
16533:
16532:
16530:
16526:
16520:
16517:
16515:
16512:
16508:
16505:
16504:
16503:
16500:
16498:
16495:
16491:
16488:
16487:
16486:
16483:
16482:
16480:
16478:
16474:
16471:
16469:
16465:
16459:
16456:
16454:
16451:
16449:
16446:
16444:
16441:
16439:
16436:
16434:
16431:
16429:
16426:
16424:
16421:
16419:
16416:
16414:
16411:
16409:
16406:
16404:
16401:
16399:
16396:
16392:
16391:The Holocaust
16389:
16387:
16384:
16383:
16381:
16378:
16376:
16373:
16371:
16368:
16366:
16363:
16361:
16358:
16356:
16353:
16351:
16348:
16344:
16341:
16339:
16336:
16335:
16334:
16331:
16329:
16326:
16325:
16323:
16321:
16317:
16312:
16305:
16300:
16298:
16293:
16291:
16286:
16285:
16282:
16270:
16267:
16265:
16262:
16261:
16256:
16252:
16251:
16247:
16237:
16234:
16230:
16227:
16226:
16225:
16222:
16220:
16219:Seven Wonders
16217:
16215:
16212:
16210:
16207:
16205:
16202:
16200:
16197:
16195:
16192:
16190:
16187:
16185:
16184:Playing cards
16182:
16180:
16177:
16175:
16172:
16170:
16167:
16163:
16160:
16158:
16155:
16153:
16150:
16149:
16148:
16145:
16143:
16140:
16138:
16135:
16133:
16130:
16128:
16125:
16123:
16120:
16118:
16115:
16113:
16110:
16108:
16105:
16103:
16100:
16098:
16095:
16093:
16090:
16088:
16085:
16083:
16080:
16078:
16075:
16073:
16070:
16068:
16065:
16063:
16060:
16058:
16055:
16051:
16048:
16047:
16046:
16043:
16041:
16038:
16036:
16033:
16031:
16028:
16026:
16023:
16021:
16018:
16016:
16013:
16012:
16010:
16008:
16004:
15996:
15993:
15992:
15991:
15988:
15986:
15983:
15981:
15978:
15976:
15973:
15971:
15968:
15966:
15963:
15961:
15958:
15956:
15953:
15951:
15948:
15946:
15943:
15941:
15938:
15936:
15933:
15931:
15928:
15926:
15923:
15921:
15918:
15916:
15913:
15909:
15906:
15904:
15901:
15900:
15899:
15896:
15892:
15889:
15888:
15887:
15884:
15880:
15879:Mental health
15877:
15875:
15872:
15870:
15867:
15866:
15865:
15862:
15860:
15857:
15855:
15852:
15850:
15847:
15845:
15842:
15840:
15839:Ethnic groups
15837:
15835:
15832:
15830:
15827:
15825:
15822:
15820:
15817:
15815:
15812:
15810:
15807:
15805:
15802:
15800:
15797:
15795:
15792:
15790:
15787:
15785:
15782:
15780:
15777:
15775:
15772:
15771:
15768:
15765:
15763:
15759:
15749:
15746:
15744:
15741:
15739:
15736:
15734:
15731:
15729:
15726:
15724:
15721:
15719:
15716:
15714:
15711:
15709:
15706:
15704:
15701:
15697:
15694:
15693:
15692:
15689:
15687:
15681:
15679:
15676:
15674:
15671:
15669:
15666:
15664:
15661:
15659:
15656:
15654:
15651:
15649:
15646:
15644:
15641:
15639:
15636:
15634:
15631:
15629:
15626:
15624:
15621:
15619:
15616:
15614:
15611:
15609:
15606:
15604:
15601:
15599:
15596:
15595:
15592:
15589:
15587:
15583:
15573:
15570:
15568:
15565:
15563:
15560:
15558:
15555:
15553:
15550:
15548:
15545:
15543:
15542:Civil defense
15540:
15538:
15535:
15533:
15530:
15528:
15525:
15523:
15520:
15518:
15515:
15513:
15510:
15508:
15505:
15503:
15500:
15498:
15495:
15493:
15490:
15488:
15487:Media freedom
15485:
15483:
15480:
15478:
15475:
15473:
15470:
15468:
15465:
15463:
15460:
15458:
15455:
15453:
15450:
15448:
15445:
15443:
15440:
15438:
15435:
15432:
15428:
15425:
15423:
15420:
15418:
15415:
15412:
15408:
15405:
15403:
15400:
15397:
15393:
15390:
15388:
15385:
15383:
15380:
15378:
15375:
15373:
15372:Criminal code
15370:
15368:
15365:
15363:
15360:
15358:
15355:
15353:
15352:Civil Service
15350:
15348:
15345:
15343:
15340:
15339:
15336:
15333:
15331:
15327:
15317:
15314:
15312:
15309:
15307:
15304:
15302:
15299:
15297:
15294:
15290:
15287:
15285:
15282:
15280:
15277:
15276:
15275:
15272:
15268:
15265:
15263:
15260:
15258:
15255:
15254:
15253:
15250:
15246:
15243:
15242:
15241:
15238:
15236:
15233:
15231:
15228:
15226:
15223:
15221:
15218:
15216:
15213:
15211:
15208:
15204:
15201:
15199:
15196:
15194:
15191:
15189:
15186:
15184:
15181:
15180:
15179:
15176:
15174:
15171:
15167:
15164:
15163:
15162:
15159:
15157:
15154:
15152:
15149:
15147:
15144:
15142:
15139:
15138:
15135:
15132:
15130:
15126:
15116:
15113:
15111:
15108:
15106:
15103:
15101:
15098:
15096:
15093:
15091:
15088:
15086:
15083:
15081:
15078:
15076:
15073:
15071:
15068:
15067:
15065:
15061:
15053:
15050:
15049:
15048:
15045:
15041:
15038:
15036:
15033:
15031:
15028:
15027:
15026:
15023:
15019:
15016:
15014:
15013:Russian state
15011:
15010:
15009:
15006:
15004:
15001:
14997:
14994:
14993:
14992:
14989:
14987:
14984:
14980:
14977:
14976:
14975:
14972:
14970:
14967:
14963:
14960:
14958:
14955:
14953:
14950:
14949:
14947:
14945:
14942:
14940:
14937:
14935:
14932:
14930:
14927:
14925:
14922:
14920:
14917:
14915:
14912:
14911:
14909:
14907:
14903:
14900:
14898:
14894:
14889:
14882:
14877:
14875:
14870:
14868:
14863:
14862:
14859:
14849:
14843:
14837:
14834:
14832:
14829:
14827:
14824:
14822:
14819:
14817:
14814:
14812:
14809:
14807:
14804:
14802:
14799:
14797:
14794:
14792:
14789:
14788:
14786:
14782:
14776:
14775:
14771:
14769:
14766:
14764:
14761:
14759:
14756:
14754:
14751:
14749:
14746:
14744:
14741:
14739:
14736:
14734:
14731:
14729:
14726:
14724:
14721:
14720:
14718:
14714:
14706:
14703:
14701:
14698:
14697:
14696:
14693:
14692:
14690:
14686:
14680:
14677:
14676:
14674:
14670:
14666:
14659:
14654:
14652:
14647:
14645:
14640:
14639:
14636:
14623:
14621:XJ = Xinjiang
14620:
14617:
14614:
14611:
14608:
14607:
14604:
14598:
14596:
14593:
14586:
14584:
14580:
14579:
14577:
14574:
14573:
14572:
14569:
14568:
14566:
14562:
14556:
14553:
14551:
14548:
14546:
14543:
14541:
14538:
14536:
14533:
14531:
14528:
14526:
14523:
14521:
14518:
14516:
14513:
14511:
14508:
14506:
14503:
14501:
14498:
14497:
14495:
14491:
14485:
14482:
14480:
14477:
14475:
14472:
14470:
14467:
14465:
14462:
14460:
14457:
14455:
14452:
14450:
14447:
14445:
14442:
14441:
14439:
14435:
14427:
14424:
14422:
14419:
14418:
14417:
14414:
14410:
14407:
14405:
14402:
14401:
14400:
14397:
14393:
14390:
14388:
14385:
14384:
14383:
14380:
14376:
14373:
14371:
14368:
14366:
14363:
14361:
14358:
14356:
14353:
14349:
14346:
14344:
14341:
14339:
14336:
14335:
14334:
14331:
14330:
14329:
14326:
14324:
14321:
14319:
14316:
14314:
14311:
14307:
14304:
14300:
14297:
14296:
14295:
14292:
14290:
14287:
14283:
14280:
14279:
14278:
14275:
14273:
14270:
14268:
14265:
14263:
14260:
14258:
14255:
14254:
14253:
14250:
14249:
14247:
14245:
14239:
14233:
14230:
14227:
14224:
14222:
14219:
14217:
14214:
14212:
14209:
14207:
14204:
14202:
14199:
14197:
14194:
14192:
14189:
14187:
14184:
14183:
14181:
14177:
14156:
14153:
14148:
14145:
14140:
14137:
14136:
14134:
14130:
14124:
14123:Western Yugur
14121:
14119:
14116:
14114:
14111:
14109:
14106:
14104:
14101:
14099:
14096:
14095:
14093:
14091:
14087:
14081:
14078:
14076:
14073:
14071:
14068:
14066:
14063:
14061:
14058:
14057:
14055:
14053:
14049:
14039:
14036:
14034:
14031:
14029:
14026:
14024:
14021:
14019:
14016:
14014:
14011:
14009:
14006:
14004:
14001:
13999:
13996:
13994:
13991:
13989:
13986:
13984:
13981:
13979:
13976:
13974:
13971:
13969:
13966:
13964:
13961:
13959:
13956:
13954:
13951:
13949:
13946:
13944:
13941:
13940:
13938:
13934:
13928:
13925:
13923:
13920:
13918:
13915:
13913:
13910:
13908:
13905:
13903:
13900:
13898:
13895:
13893:
13890:
13888:
13885:
13883:
13880:
13878:
13875:
13873:
13870:
13868:
13865:
13864:
13862:
13860:
13856:
13853:
13851:
13847:
13841:
13838:
13836:
13833:
13831:
13828:
13826:
13823:
13821:
13818:
13816:
13813:
13811:
13808:
13806:
13805:Eastern Yugur
13803:
13801:
13798:
13796:
13793:
13791:
13788:
13787:
13785:
13783:
13779:
13769:
13766:
13764:
13761:
13759:
13756:
13754:
13751:
13750:
13748:
13746:
13742:
13736:
13733:
13731:
13728:
13726:
13725:Small Flowery
13723:
13721:
13718:
13716:
13713:
13711:
13708:
13706:
13703:
13701:
13698:
13696:
13693:
13691:
13688:
13686:
13683:
13681:
13678:
13676:
13673:
13671:
13668:
13666:
13663:
13661:
13658:
13656:
13653:
13651:
13648:
13646:
13643:
13641:
13638:
13637:
13635:
13633:
13629:
13626:
13624:
13620:
13614:
13611:
13609:
13606:
13604:
13601:
13599:
13596:
13594:
13591:
13589:
13586:
13584:
13581:
13579:
13576:
13574:
13571:
13569:
13566:
13564:
13561:
13559:
13556:
13554:
13551:
13549:
13546:
13544:
13541:
13540:
13538:
13536:
13535:Austroasiatic
13532:
13528:
13521:
13517:
13503:
13500:
13498:
13495:
13493:
13490:
13488:
13485:
13483:
13480:
13478:
13475:
13473:
13470:
13468:
13465:
13464:
13462:
13458:
13452:
13449:
13447:
13444:
13442:
13439:
13437:
13434:
13432:
13429:
13427:
13424:
13422:
13419:
13417:
13414:
13412:
13409:
13407:
13404:
13402:
13399:
13397:
13394:
13392:
13389:
13387:
13384:
13382:
13379:
13377:
13374:
13372:
13369:
13368:
13366:
13364:
13360:
13354:
13351:
13349:
13346:
13344:
13341:
13339:
13336:
13334:
13331:
13329:
13326:
13324:
13321:
13319:
13316:
13314:
13311:
13309:
13306:
13304:
13301:
13299:
13296:
13294:
13291:
13289:
13286:
13284:
13281:
13279:
13276:
13274:
13271:
13269:
13266:
13264:
13261:
13259:
13256:
13254:
13251:
13250:
13248:
13246:
13242:
13228:
13225:
13223:
13220:
13218:
13215:
13213:
13210:
13208:
13205:
13203:
13200:
13198:
13195:
13193:
13190:
13188:
13185:
13183:
13180:
13178:
13175:
13174:
13172:
13168:
13162:
13159:
13157:
13154:
13152:
13149:
13147:
13144:
13142:
13139:
13137:
13134:
13132:
13129:
13127:
13124:
13122:
13119:
13117:
13114:
13112:
13109:
13107:
13104:
13102:
13099:
13097:
13094:
13092:
13089:
13087:
13084:
13082:
13079:
13077:
13074:
13072:
13069:
13067:
13064:
13062:
13059:
13057:
13054:
13052:
13049:
13047:
13044:
13042:
13039:
13037:
13034:
13032:
13029:
13027:
13024:
13023:
13021:
13019:
13015:
13009:
13006:
13004:
13001:
12999:
12996:
12994:
12991:
12989:
12986:
12984:
12981:
12979:
12976:
12974:
12971:
12969:
12966:
12964:
12961:
12959:
12956:
12954:
12951:
12949:
12946:
12944:
12941:
12939:
12936:
12934:
12931:
12929:
12926:
12924:
12921:
12919:
12916:
12914:
12911:
12909:
12906:
12905:
12903:
12901:
12897:
12891:
12888:
12886:
12883:
12881:
12878:
12876:
12873:
12871:
12868:
12866:
12863:
12861:
12858:
12856:
12853:
12851:
12848:
12846:
12843:
12841:
12838:
12836:
12833:
12831:
12828:
12826:
12823:
12821:
12818:
12816:
12813:
12811:
12808:
12806:
12803:
12801:
12798:
12796:
12793:
12791:
12788:
12786:
12783:
12781:
12778:
12776:
12773:
12771:
12768:
12766:
12763:
12761:
12758:
12756:
12753:
12751:
12748:
12746:
12743:
12741:
12738:
12736:
12733:
12731:
12728:
12726:
12723:
12721:
12718:
12717:
12715:
12713:
12709:
12706:
12704:
12700:
12694:
12691:
12689:
12686:
12684:
12681:
12679:
12676:
12674:
12671:
12669:
12666:
12664:
12661:
12660:
12658:
12656:
12652:
12646:
12643:
12641:
12638:
12636:
12633:
12631:
12628:
12626:
12623:
12621:
12618:
12616:
12613:
12612:
12610:
12608:
12604:
12601:
12599:
12593:
12589:
12585:
12580:
12576:
12573:
12569:
12559:
12557:
12553:
12549:
12543:
12540:
12538:
12535:
12533:
12530:
12528:
12525:
12523:
12520:
12518:
12515:
12513:
12510:
12508:
12505:
12503:
12500:
12498:
12495:
12493:
12490:
12488:
12485:
12483:
12480:
12478:
12475:
12473:
12470:
12468:
12465:
12464:
12462:
12460:
12456:
12450:
12447:
12445:
12442:
12440:
12437:
12435:
12432:
12430:
12427:
12425:
12422:
12420:
12417:
12416:
12414:
12412:
12408:
12404:
12401:
12397:
12391:
12388:
12387:
12385:
12381:
12377:
12370:
12365:
12363:
12358:
12356:
12351:
12350:
12347:
12335:
12332:
12331:
12329:
12325:
12319:
12316:
12314:
12311:
12309:
12306:
12304:
12301:
12299:
12296:
12294:
12291:
12290:
12288:
12284:
12278:
12275:
12273:
12270:
12269:
12267:
12263:
12259:
12252:
12247:
12245:
12240:
12238:
12233:
12232:
12229:
12217:
12214:
12213:
12211:
12207:
12201:
12198:
12196:
12193:
12191:
12188:
12186:
12183:
12181:
12178:
12176:
12173:
12171:
12168:
12166:
12163:
12162:
12160:
12156:
12150:
12147:
12145:
12142:
12141:
12139:
12135:
12131:
12124:
12119:
12117:
12112:
12110:
12105:
12104:
12101:
12089:
12086:
12085:
12083:
12081:Sign language
12079:
12073:
12072:Baltic Romani
12070:
12068:
12067:West Polesian
12065:
12063:
12060:
12058:
12055:
12053:
12052:Simple speech
12050:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12040:
12038:
12035:
12034:
12032:
12028:
12021:
12010:
12002:
11999:
11997:
11994:
11993:
11991:
11987:
11983:
11976:
11971:
11969:
11964:
11962:
11957:
11956:
11953:
11941:
11938:
11936:
11933:
11931:
11928:
11927:
11923:
11915:
11914:Kalmyk script
11911:
11910:Buryat script
11906:
11903:
11901:
11898:
11896:
11893:
11891:
11888:
11887:
11885:
11881:
11872:
11868:
11865:
11861:
11860:
11859:
11856:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11846:
11844:
11841:
11836:
11832:
11829:
11828:Eastern Mansi
11825:
11822:
11821:Western Mansi
11818:
11815:
11811:
11810:
11809:
11806:
11804:
11801:
11796:
11792:
11789:
11785:
11782:
11778:
11777:
11776:
11773:
11771:
11768:
11766:
11763:
11761:
11758:
11756:
11753:
11751:
11748:
11746:
11743:
11741:
11738:
11737:
11735:
11731:
11725:
11722:
11720:
11717:
11715:
11712:
11710:
11707:
11705:
11702:
11700:
11697:
11695:
11692:
11690:
11687:
11685:
11682:
11680:
11677:
11675:
11672:
11667:
11663:
11660:
11656:
11655:
11654:
11651:
11646:
11642:
11639:
11635:
11634:
11633:
11630:
11628:
11625:
11623:
11620:
11618:
11615:
11613:
11610:
11608:
11605:
11603:
11600:
11598:
11595:
11593:
11590:
11588:
11585:
11583:
11580:
11578:
11577:Crimean Tatar
11575:
11573:
11570:
11568:
11565:
11563:
11560:
11558:
11555:
11553:
11550:
11548:
11545:
11540:
11536:
11533:
11529:
11528:
11527:
11524:
11522:
11519:
11517:
11514:
11512:
11509:
11508:
11506:
11500:
11494:
11491:
11490:
11488:
11484:
11480:
11473:
11468:
11466:
11461:
11459:
11454:
11453:
11450:
11439:
11435:
11430:
11424:
11421:
11419:
11416:
11414:
11411:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11403:Meillet's law
11401:
11399:
11396:
11394:
11391:
11389:
11386:
11384:
11381:
11379:
11376:
11374:
11371:
11369:
11366:
11364:
11361:
11359:
11356:
11355:
11353:
11347:
11341:
11340:
11336:
11334:
11333:
11329:
11327:
11326:
11322:
11320:
11317:
11313:
11310:
11309:
11308:
11305:
11304:
11302:
11300:
11294:
11288:
11285:
11283:
11282:
11278:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11270:
11266:
11264:
11263:
11259:
11257:
11254:
11252:
11249:
11247:
11244:
11242:
11239:
11237:
11236:
11232:
11230:
11229:
11225:
11223:
11222:
11219:20th century
11217:
11215:
11212:
11211:
11209:
11207:
11203:
11191:
11188:
11187:
11186:
11183:
11181:
11178:
11174:
11171:
11170:
11169:
11166:
11165:
11163:
11161:
11157:
11151:
11148:
11144:
11141:
11139:
11138:Slavomolisano
11136:
11135:
11134:
11131:
11129:
11126:
11124:
11121:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11107:
11104:
11103:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11093:
11091:
11089:
11085:
11079:
11078:West Polesian
11076:
11074:
11071:
11067:
11064:
11063:
11062:
11059:
11058:
11056:
11054:
11050:
11047:
11043:
11039:
11027:
11024:
11023:
11022:
11021:Lower Sorbian
11019:
11017:
11016:Upper Sorbian
11014:
11013:
11011:
11009:
11005:
10997:
10994:
10992:
10989:
10987:
10984:
10983:
10982:
10981:West Lechitic
10979:
10975:
10972:
10970:
10967:
10966:
10965:
10962:
10956:
10955:
10951:
10950:
10949:
10946:
10942:
10941:
10940:Middle Polish
10937:
10935:
10934:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10923:
10920:
10919:
10918:
10915:
10914:
10912:
10911:
10909:
10907:
10903:
10893:
10890:
10889:
10888:
10885:
10883:
10882:
10878:
10877:
10876:
10873:
10869:
10866:
10864:
10861:
10859:
10858:
10854:
10852:
10851:
10847:
10845:
10842:
10841:
10840:
10837:
10836:
10834:
10832:
10828:
10825:
10823:
10819:
10809:
10806:
10802:
10801:Slavomolisano
10799:
10797:
10794:
10792:
10789:
10787:
10784:
10782:
10779:
10778:
10777:
10774:
10772:
10771:
10770:Alpine Slavic
10767:
10766:
10764:
10762:
10758:
10752:
10749:
10748:
10746:
10744:
10740:
10734:
10731:
10729:
10726:
10725:
10723:
10721:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10708:
10700:
10699:Simple speech
10697:
10695:
10692:
10690:
10687:
10686:
10685:
10682:
10680:
10677:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10662:
10661:
10658:
10657:
10656:
10653:
10651:
10650:
10646:
10642:
10641:
10637:
10636:
10635:
10634:
10630:
10626:
10625:Simple speech
10623:
10622:
10621:
10618:
10617:
10615:
10613:
10609:
10603:
10602:
10598:
10594:
10591:
10589:
10586:
10584:
10581:
10580:
10579:
10576:
10573:
10569:
10568:
10564:
10562:
10561:
10557:
10555:
10554:
10550:
10549:
10547:
10545:
10541:
10537:
10530:
10525:
10523:
10518:
10516:
10511:
10510:
10507:
10495:
10494:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10470:
10469:
10467:
10463:
10457:
10454:
10452:
10449:
10448:
10446:
10442:
10436:
10433:
10431:
10430:Kuban Cossack
10428:
10426:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10417:
10415:
10411:
10403:
10398:
10395:
10391:
10386:
10383:
10379:
10375:
10370:
10367:
10366:
10364:
10360:
10356:
10349:
10344:
10342:
10337:
10335:
10330:
10329:
10326:
10320:
10313:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10277:
10275:
10271:
10265:
10264:United States
10262:
10258:
10255:
10254:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10224:
10222:
10220:
10216:
10210:
10207:
10205:
10202:
10200:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10165:
10163:
10157:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10140:
10139:
10136:
10132:
10129:
10127:
10124:
10123:
10122:
10119:
10115:
10112:
10111:
10110:
10107:
10106:
10104:
10102:
10098:
10092:
10089:
10087:
10084:
10082:
10081:Pushkin House
10079:
10078:
10076:
10074:
10070:
10062:
10059:
10058:
10057:
10054:
10050:
10049:Reduplication
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10036:
10035:
10032:
10031:
10029:
10025:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
9999:
9996:
9992:
9989:
9987:
9984:
9983:
9982:
9979:
9977:
9974:
9973:
9971:
9967:
9961:
9960:Russification
9958:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9937:
9935:
9933:
9929:
9925:
9918:
9913:
9911:
9906:
9904:
9899:
9898:
9895:
9885:
9882:
9876:
9873:
9870:
9867:
9866:
9854:
9849:
9845:
9841:
9837:
9832:
9831:
9819:
9812:
9808:
9805:
9801:
9798:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9786:
9783:
9780:
9778:
9774:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9762:
9759:
9755:
9751:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9739:
9736:
9733:
9732:
9727:
9726:
9725:
9723:
9715:
9709:
9705:
9701:
9697:
9696:Wade, Terence
9693:
9689:
9684:
9680:
9674:
9670:
9665:
9653:
9649:
9643:
9639:
9635:
9634:
9628:
9624:
9618:
9614:
9610:
9606:
9602:
9598:
9594:
9592:9781853594519
9588:
9584:
9579:
9575:
9573:9780415328647
9569:
9565:
9560:
9557:
9553:
9551:9781934078457
9547:
9543:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9529:
9523:
9519:
9514:
9510:
9504:
9500:
9495:
9494:
9488:
9484:
9480:
9475:
9474:
9469:
9468:
9467:
9466:
9442:
9438:
9434:
9427:
9411:
9407:
9401:
9385:
9381:
9377:
9369:
9362:
9358:
9355:
9350:
9348:
9331:
9327:
9319:
9303:
9299:
9291:
9275:
9271:
9262:
9246:
9242:
9233:
9217:
9213:
9204:
9188:
9184:
9175:
9159:
9155:
9151:
9145:
9143:
9126:
9122:
9113:
9111:
9109:
9100:
9093:
9083:
9079:
9076:
9071:
9056:
9050:
9046:
9045:
9037:
9035:
9026:
9024:9781107619395
9020:
9016:
9009:
9007:
8998:
8996:9789027257444
8992:
8988:
8982:
8974:
8968:
8964:
8960:
8953:
8937:
8933:
8929:
8923:
8913:
8909:
8906:
8905:
8899:
8891:
8887:
8883:
8879:
8875:
8871:
8864:
8848:
8844:
8840:
8834:
8832:
8822:
8806:
8802:
8798:
8792:
8784:
8777:
8769:
8765:
8761:
8757:
8756:
8751:
8744:
8728:
8724:
8720:
8713:
8697:
8693:
8691:0-9660283-0-9
8687:
8683:
8682:
8677:
8671:
8652:
8648:
8644:
8637:
8630:
8623:
8619:
8616:
8611:
8602:
8593:
8577:
8573:
8567:
8551:
8547:
8541:
8534:
8529:
8527:
8525:
8523:
8521:
8519:
8517:
8509:
8503:
8487:
8484:. Q-Success.
8483:
8479:
8472:
8465:
8452:
8448:
8444:
8440:
8434:
8415:
8408:
8402:
8386:
8382:
8376:
8360:
8356:
8350:
8341:
8325:
8321:
8315:
8308:
8304:
8301:
8296:
8280:
8276:
8268:
8252:
8248:
8247:
8242:
8235:
8216:
8209:
8203:
8187:
8183:
8176:
8157:
8150:
8144:
8142:
8125:
8121:
8117:
8111:
8092:
8085:
8079:
8071:
8065:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8047:
8043:
8042:
8037:
8033:
8030:
8025:
8014:
8010:
8003:
7997:
7978:
7971:
7965:
7949:
7945:
7939:
7923:
7919:
7915:
7909:
7893:
7889:
7885:
7879:
7863:
7859:
7858:
7853:
7847:
7831:
7827:
7823:
7817:
7801:
7797:
7793:
7787:
7779:
7775:
7771:
7765:
7749:
7745:
7739:
7731:
7727:
7723:
7717:
7709:
7705:
7701:
7694:
7686:
7682:
7678:
7672:
7661:
7657:
7650:
7643:
7632:
7625:
7618:
7610:
7606:
7602:
7595:
7579:
7575:
7571:
7565:
7557:
7553:
7549:
7543:
7535:
7531:
7527:
7520:
7504:
7500:
7494:
7486:
7482:
7477:
7470:
7454:
7450:
7444:
7428:
7424:
7418:
7403:on 2 May 2012
7402:
7398:
7392:
7376:
7375:
7370:
7364:
7348:
7344:
7343:
7338:
7332:
7316:
7312:
7306:
7304:
7302:
7300:
7280:
7273:
7267:
7259:
7255:
7251:
7245:
7243:
7241:
7239:
7237:
7235:
7233:
7213:
7206:
7200:
7198:
7196:
7194:
7192:
7190:
7188:
7186:
7184:
7182:
7180:
7178:
7161:
7157:
7153:
7147:
7131:
7127:
7126:
7121:
7114:
7098:
7094:
7090:
7089:
7084:
7077:
7061:
7057:
7051:
7049:
7047:
7045:
7043:
7041:
7033:
7028:
7021:
7015:
7008:
7002:
6987:
6983:
6977:
6973:
6969:
6965:
6961:
6954:
6952:
6950:
6933:
6929:
6925:
6918:
6912:
6911:1-85359-362-1
6908:
6904:
6900:
6897:
6896:
6889:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6858:
6839:
6835:
6828:
6821:
6802:
6795:
6789:
6781:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6753:
6746:
6738:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6716:
6709:
6704:
6696:
6692:
6686:
6680:, p. 17.
6679:
6674:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6644:
6637:
6624:
6620:
6614:
6607:
6594:
6590:
6586:
6582:
6576:
6560:
6556:
6552:
6546:
6539:
6526:
6522:
6518:
6512:
6510:
6493:
6489:
6488:
6483:
6477:
6461:
6457:
6451:
6445:, p. 13.
6444:
6439:
6432:
6427:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6402:
6386:
6382:
6376:
6369:
6364:
6355:
6347:
6343:
6339:
6335:
6331:
6324:
6308:
6304:
6300:
6294:
6287:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6263:
6257:
6250:
6238:
6234:
6233:fujian.gov.cn
6230:
6223:
6215:
6211:
6208:
6203:
6187:
6183:
6177:
6161:
6157:
6151:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6121:
6119:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6088:
6080:
6076:
6070:
6054:
6050:
6044:
6028:
6024:
6018:
6002:
5998:
5994:
5988:
5972:
5968:
5961:
5959:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5927:
5925:
5908:
5904:
5897:
5895:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5864:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5834:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5803:
5788:on 2 May 2007
5787:
5783:
5779:
5773:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5743:
5735:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5716:
5711:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5678:
5669:
5663:
5654:
5653:Russkiy yazyk
5642:
5635:
5629:
5627:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5590:
5574:
5570:
5562:
5543:
5536:
5531:
5527:
5513:
5509:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5488:
5484:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5445:
5440:
5437:
5426:
5423:
5422:Russia portal
5412:
5404:
5400:
5398:
5392:
5391:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5351:
5348:
5345:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5311:
5308:
5305:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5271:
5268:
5265:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5211:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5186:
5176:
5168:
5156:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5121:
5117:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5058:
5055:
5052:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5038:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5015:
5009:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4988:
4987:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4945:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4921:
4914:
4913:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4901:
4897:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4877:
4873:
4866:
4865:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4825:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4801:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4754:Pronunciation
4753:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4742:
4718:
4701:
4693:
4683:
4682:Nikolai Gogol
4673:
4663:
4653:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4644:War and Peace
4640:
4636:
4632:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4607:
4603:
4601:
4597:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4558:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4527:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4461:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4361:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4333:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4314:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4275:Indo-European
4265:
4256:
4252:
4249:This section
4247:
4244:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4225:
4223:
4195:
4190:
4182:
4179:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4087:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4049:
4041:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3946:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3930:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3507:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3481:
3477:
3467:
3463:
3453:
3443:
3433:
3423:
3413:
3403:
3393:
3383:
3373:
3363:
3353:
3343:
3333:
3323:
3313:
3304:– "castle"),
3303:
3293:
3283:
3277:знак ударения
3273:
3267:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3199:
3189:
3180:
3176:
3153:
2961:
2956:
2947:
2942:
2933:
2928:
2919:
2914:
2905:
2900:
2891:
2886:
2877:
2872:
2863:
2858:
2849:
2844:
2835:
2830:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2805:
2800:
2791:
2786:
2777:
2772:
2763:
2758:
2749:
2744:
2735:
2730:
2721:
2716:
2707:
2702:
2693:
2688:
2679:
2674:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2649:
2644:
2635:
2630:
2621:
2616:
2607:
2602:
2593:
2588:
2579:
2574:
2565:
2560:
2551:
2546:
2537:
2532:
2523:
2518:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2486:
2482:
2481:Ivan Fyodorov
2478:
2477:Alphabet book
2473:
2468:
2464:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2404:, an extinct
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2359:Bering Island
2356:
2353:, an extinct
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:, a criminal
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2252:
2245:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2219:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2104:
2095:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2073:
2063:
2052:
2042:
2032:
2023:(Don) dialect
2022:
2011:
2002:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1969:
1959:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1928:
1927:Pomor dialect
1924:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1680:San Francisco
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1660:New York City
1657:
1652:
1649:voyaged into
1648:
1642:
1635:North America
1632:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1596:lingua franca
1593:
1588:
1585:
1584:lingua franca
1581:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1504:lingua franca
1501:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1475:and in other
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1375:lingua franca
1371:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1323:— 97.2%, for
1322:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1258:
1253:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1188:
1180:
1175:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1146:Prior to the
1144:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1005:of the wider
1004:
994:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
949:
945:
941:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
889:
887:
883:
882:Baltic states
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
862:lingua franca
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
828:
824:
821:. It was the
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
794:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
774:
773:
768:
764:
760:
757:
756:Linguist List
752:
748:
744:
741:
736:
731:
726:
723:
718:
713:
708:
705:
700:
695:
692:
689:
687:
683:
676:
664:
652:
640:
628:
616:
604:
593:
592:
584:
576:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
520:
509:
508:
505:Organizations
492:
481:
478:(co-official)
476:
475:South Ossetia
465:
462:(co-official)
460:
449:
448:
447:
446:
443:
428:(co-official)
426:
415:
414:
412:
401:
396:(co-official)
394:
391:
388:(co-official)
386:
375:
374:
372:
361:
357:
352:
341:
340:
339:
338:
335:
319:
308:
305:(co-official)
303:
292:
288:(co-official)
286:
275:
272:(co-official)
270:
259:
254:
243:
242:
241:
240:
237:
231:
225:
220:
217:
212:
208:
205:
201:
195:
185:
182:
181:
180:
177:
176:
175:
172:
171:
170:
166:
160:
148:
145:
144:
143:
140:
139:
138:
135:
134:
133:
130:
129:
128:
127:Indo-European
124:
120:
114:
110:
105:
102:
96:
93:
89:
86:
82:
76:
70:
66:
64:Pronunciation
62:
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
17585:of Knowledge
17580:
17563:
17546:
17529:
17517:from Commons
17512:
17495:
17474:
17436:
17208:Demographics
17198:Antisemitism
17051:Central Bank
16969:Forced labor
16917:Spetsnaz GRU
16737:organisation
16645:Human rights
16594:Constitution
16477:Subdivisions
16355:Russian SFSR
16311:Soviet Union
16203:
16157:Coat of arms
16117:Martial arts
16025:Army culture
16015:Architecture
15985:Witch trials
15940:Prostitution
15886:Human rights
15819:Demographics
15733:Trade unions
15703:Shipbuilding
15663:Homelessness
15623:Central Bank
15618:Car industry
15457:Conservatism
15367:Constitution
15362:Conscription
15035:Eastern Bloc
15025:Soviet Union
15018:Russian SFSR
14948:Feudal Rus'
14772:
14716:Non-official
14609:GX = Guangxi
14597:
14595:Tibetan Sign
14585:
14571:Chinese Sign
14437:Creole/Mixed
14306:Southeastern
14294:Southwestern
14257:Northeastern
14242:Varieties of
14200:
12276:
12148:
12000:
11900:Latin script
11803:Komi-Permyak
11492:
11433:
11423:Winter's law
11383:Havlík's law
11337:
11330:
11323:
11279:
11267:
11260:
11235:Mednyj Aleut
11233:
11226:
11218:
11088:South Slavic
11045:and dialects
10952:
10938:
10931:
10879:
10855:
10850:Czechoslovak
10848:
10831:Czech-Slovak
10768:
10743:Transitional
10711:South Slavic
10654:
10647:
10638:
10631:
10599:
10567:Proto-Slavic
10565:
10558:
10551:
10491:
10183:Mednyj Aleut
9923:
9888:(in Russian)
9879:(in Russian)
9843:
9839:
9817:
9802:Филин Ф. П.
9721:
9699:
9687:
9668:
9656:. Retrieved
9632:
9604:
9582:
9563:
9541:
9517:
9492:
9478:
9445:. Retrieved
9436:
9426:
9414:. Retrieved
9400:
9388:. Retrieved
9380:Demoscope.ru
9379:
9368:
9334:. Retrieved
9318:
9306:. Retrieved
9290:
9278:. Retrieved
9266:Арефьев, А.
9261:
9249:. Retrieved
9237:Арефьев, А.
9232:
9220:. Retrieved
9208:Арефьев, А.
9203:
9191:. Retrieved
9174:
9162:. Retrieved
9153:
9129:. Retrieved
9117:Арефьев, А.
9092:
9086:(in Russian)
9070:
9058:. Retrieved
9043:
9014:
8986:
8981:
8958:
8952:
8940:. Retrieved
8936:the original
8931:
8922:
8916:(in Russian)
8903:
8898:
8873:
8869:
8863:
8851:. Retrieved
8843:www.rbth.com
8842:
8821:
8809:. Retrieved
8800:
8791:
8776:
8762:(4): 85–91.
8759:
8753:
8743:
8731:. Retrieved
8712:
8700:. Retrieved
8680:
8670:
8658:. Retrieved
8651:the original
8646:
8642:
8629:
8610:
8601:
8592:
8580:. Retrieved
8566:
8554:. Retrieved
8540:
8507:
8502:
8490:. Retrieved
8481:
8471:
8462:
8455:. Retrieved
8433:
8421:. Retrieved
8414:the original
8401:
8389:. Retrieved
8375:
8363:. Retrieved
8349:
8340:
8328:. Retrieved
8314:
8295:
8283:. Retrieved
8279:the original
8267:
8255:. Retrieved
8244:
8234:
8222:. Retrieved
8202:
8190:. Retrieved
8175:
8163:. Retrieved
8156:the original
8128:. Retrieved
8120:The Guardian
8119:
8110:
8098:. Retrieved
8091:the original
8078:
8061:
8053:
8039:
8024:
8013:the original
8008:
7996:
7984:. Retrieved
7964:
7952:. Retrieved
7938:
7926:. Retrieved
7917:
7908:
7896:. Retrieved
7887:
7878:
7866:. Retrieved
7855:
7846:
7834:. Retrieved
7825:
7816:
7804:. Retrieved
7795:
7786:
7774:demoscope.ru
7773:
7764:
7752:. Retrieved
7738:
7725:
7716:
7703:
7693:
7680:
7671:
7655:
7642:
7631:the original
7617:
7604:
7594:
7582:. Retrieved
7578:the original
7573:
7564:
7551:
7542:
7529:
7519:
7507:. Retrieved
7493:
7480:
7469:
7457:. Retrieved
7443:
7431:. Retrieved
7417:
7405:. Retrieved
7401:the original
7391:
7379:. Retrieved
7372:
7363:
7351:. Retrieved
7340:
7331:
7319:. Retrieved
7315:the original
7286:. Retrieved
7266:
7254:demoscope.ru
7253:
7219:. Retrieved
7212:the original
7164:. Retrieved
7160:the original
7146:
7134:. Retrieved
7123:
7113:
7101:. Retrieved
7086:
7076:
7064:. Retrieved
7031:
7027:
7019:
7014:
7006:
7001:
6990:, retrieved
6963:
6936:. Retrieved
6927:
6917:
6894:
6888:
6876:. Retrieved
6868:academia.edu
6867:
6857:
6845:. Retrieved
6833:
6820:
6808:. Retrieved
6788:
6755:
6751:
6745:
6734:
6715:
6703:
6685:
6673:
6661:. Retrieved
6653:Statista.com
6652:
6643:
6634:
6627:. Retrieved
6613:
6604:
6597:. Retrieved
6575:
6563:. Retrieved
6559:the original
6554:
6545:
6538:geopolitics.
6536:
6529:. Retrieved
6496:. Retrieved
6485:
6476:
6464:. Retrieved
6450:
6438:
6426:
6413:
6401:
6389:. Retrieved
6375:
6363:
6354:
6333:
6329:
6323:
6311:. Retrieved
6302:
6293:
6285:
6278:. Retrieved
6269:
6256:
6248:
6241:. Retrieved
6232:
6222:
6202:
6190:. Retrieved
6176:
6164:. Retrieved
6158:. Vlada.cz.
6150:
6138:. Retrieved
6105:. Retrieved
6096:
6087:
6079:the original
6069:
6057:. Retrieved
6053:the original
6043:
6031:. Retrieved
6027:the original
6017:
6005:. Retrieved
5996:
5987:
5975:. Retrieved
5945:. Retrieved
5936:
5911:. Retrieved
5881:. Retrieved
5872:
5863:
5851:. Retrieved
5847:the original
5842:
5833:
5821:. Retrieved
5817:the original
5812:
5802:
5790:. Retrieved
5786:the original
5781:
5772:
5760:. Retrieved
5751:
5742:
5725:
5677:
5647:Русский язык
5641:
5589:
5577:. Retrieved
5561:
5549:. Retrieved
5529:
5516:. Retrieved
5496:
5492:
5487:
5402:
5396:
5394:
5389:
5388:
5379:romanization
5376:
5372:
5364:
5362:
5177:total number
5129:Soviet Union
5113:
5042:
5005:
4991:
4977:
4953:
4929:
4905:
4881:
4857:
4833:
4809:
4788:
4783:Zímnij véčer
4782:
4781:
4767:
4751:Russian text
4738:
4649:
4642:
4635:Pyótr Velíky
4634:
4628:
4599:
4595:
4593:
4566:
4458:
4435:
4372:
4364:
4334:
4331:
4319:inheritance;
4302:
4296:
4282:inflectional
4272:
4259:
4255:adding to it
4250:
4199:
4037:
3517:
3510:The Russian
3509:
3493:
3492:"Was it the
3489:
3479:
3475:
3465:
3461:
3451:
3441:
3431:
3421:
3411:
3401:
3391:
3381:
3371:
3361:
3351:
3341:
3331:
3321:
3311:
3301:
3294:– "lock") –
3291:
3272:acute accent
3269:
3247:
3223:
3219:
3209:
3201:
3178:
3174:
2973:
2490:
2287:Proto-Slavic
2284:
2265:, and final
2224:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2174:
2171:Proto-Slavic
2169:in place of
2135:
2115:
2092:dialects of
1899:
1895:Apollo–Soyuz
1884:
1767:
1740:Soviet Union
1664:Philadelphia
1644:
1626:
1619:
1603:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1580:Turkmenistan
1577:
1565:
1554:
1538:
1527:
1519:Heilongjiang
1508:
1503:
1497:
1486:
1470:
1412:
1401:
1385:
1373:
1367:
1340:
1333:
1316:ethnic Poles
1301:
1217:
1193:
1161:
1156:
1145:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1094:
1059:
1000:
981:words (e.g.
975:acute accent
933:
890:
878:Central Asia
834:Soviet Union
826:
822:
811:Balto-Slavic
802:
801:
787:Linguasphere
770:
491:Transnistria
355:
179:Proto-Slavic
146:
132:Balto-Slavic
56:русский язык
43:
39:Great Russia
17497:Definitions
17312:Phraseology
17257:Prohibition
17245:Linguistics
17230:Drug policy
17223:1989 census
17144:Cybernetics
17046:Agriculture
16959:Great Purge
16921:Soviet Navy
16913:Soviet Army
16785:(1989–1991)
16779:(1938–1991)
16773:(1922–1936)
16757:Secretariat
16628:Gun control
16535:Caspian Sea
16519:Closed city
16448:Dissolution
16433:Perestroika
16375:Great Purge
16209:tea culture
16062:Fairy tales
15925:Open access
15898:Immigration
15859:Gun control
15598:Agriculture
15567:Term limits
15477:Martial law
15472:Nationalism
15467:Irredentism
15462:Imperialism
15245:Caspian Sea
15161:Environment
15156:Earthquakes
15052:Union State
15040:Dissolution
14939:Kievan Rus'
14929:Early Slavs
14700:Palestinian
14103:Fuyu Kyrgyz
13902:Tai Hongjin
13588:Muak Sa-aak
12303:Sart Kalmyk
11689:Yakut/Sakha
11552:Azerbaijani
11398:Ivšić's law
11325:Army Slavic
11312:Interslavic
11297:Constructed
11160:West Slavic
11053:East Slavic
10822:West Slavic
10791:Montenegrin
10612:East Slavic
10420:Don Cossack
10374:Lake Peipus
9981:Orthography
9611:, England:
8942:16 February
8853:16 February
8811:28 November
8582:10 November
8556:10 November
8381:"Ninilchik"
7986:21 November
7898:21 November
7584:28 December
7509:21 November
7311:"Languages"
6992:16 February
6565:17 February
6443:Isurin 2011
6280:18 December
6033:16 February
5997:Gagauzia.md
5853:16 February
5693:in Ukraine.
5579:13 November
5399:in English:
5369:in Russian:
5359:Sample text
5226: 10.2
5189:population,
5181:of Russian,
5179:of speakers
5171:population,
5151:population,
5101:160,000,000
5090:255,000,000
5084:145,000,000
5073:275,000,000
5067:145,000,000
5056:285,000,000
5050:160,000,000
5035:Total rank
5029:Native rank
4639:Leo Tolstoy
4615:East Slavic
4596:Old Russian
4572:Old Russian
4312:foundation;
4308:a polished
4262:August 2014
4202:/i,u,e,o,a/
3963:Approximant
3478:– "Did you
3424:, "guru"),
3260:Orthography
3218:('mouse'),
3175:ultra-short
2285:During the
2218:palatalized
2164:diphthongal
2142:Volga River
2086: [
2075: [
1948:Arkhangelsk
1732:Russophones
1672:Los Angeles
1622:Afghanistan
1613:. See also
1611:Israel Plus
1473:Warsaw Pact
1408:2002 census
1276: [
1273:2011 census
1205:New Zealand
1019:East Slavic
1015:Kievan Rus'
979:homographic
163:Early forms
142:East Slavic
17595:Categories
17565:Phrasebook
17531:Quotations
17352:Opposition
17342:Television
17322:Propaganda
17295:Literature
17169:Naukograds
17164:Sharashkas
17098:(currency)
17076:Inventions
17019:Censorship
16949:Red Terror
16633:Government
16507:Autonomous
16490:Autonomous
16423:Stagnation
16386:Evacuation
16214:Television
16189:Philosophy
16122:Mass media
16112:Literature
16107:Inventions
15869:Healthcare
15804:Corruption
15794:Censorship
15685:(currency)
15562:Separatism
15507:Opposition
15492:Neo-Nazism
15482:Monarchism
15452:Liberalism
15447:Propaganda
15407:Government
15274:North Asia
15075:Journalism
14934:East Slavs
14924:Sarmatians
14846:See also:
14826:Kafr Qasem
14624:XZ = Tibet
14615:MC = Macau
14555:Zhangzhung
14299:Sichuanese
14226:Vietnamese
13623:Hmong-Mien
13502:Waxianghua
13283:Khroskyabs
12571:Indigenous
12459:Prefecture
12434:Portuguese
12042:Lithuanian
11996:Belarusian
11388:Hirt's law
11378:Dybo's law
11349:Historical
11262:Russenorsk
11241:Ponaschemu
11133:Shtokavian
11073:Podlachian
10974:Slovincian
10964:Pomeranian
10933:Old Polish
10733:Macedonian
10620:Belarusian
10493:Russenorsk
10280:Russophone
10232:Azerbaijan
10194:Russenorsk
10190:(Olbanian)
10073:Literature
10039:Declension
10013:Morse code
9955:In Ukraine
9728:In Russian
9470:In English
9447:6 December
9416:6 December
9154:Mof.gov.cy
8733:28 January
8224:2 December
8165:1 November
8130:28 October
8100:31 October
8063:Ethnologue
7552:Eng.LSM.lv
7353:2 February
7221:16 October
7205:"Введение"
7136:23 January
6358:Since 1990
6303:Ruslang.ru
6270:moe.gov.cn
6243:28 October
6207:Article 10
6192:22 January
6107:28 January
5937:365info.kz
5727:Ethnologue
5701:References
5681:Including
5658:pronounced
5599:Sevastopol
5532:. Vol 32,
5518:25 January
5497:rossiyskiy
5346: 1.8
5326: 2.1
5306: 2.3
5286: 5.4
5266: 6.0
5246: 8.8
5206: 8.4
5157:population
4741:media help
4561:See also:
4531:Wiktionary
4355:Vocabulary
4310:vernacular
4297:morphology
4222:allophones
3522:Consonants
3464:– "Was it
3322:stoyáshchy
3312:stóyashchy
2437:Belarusian
2402:Russenorsk
2295:Belarusian
2248:semivowel
2241:fricative
2216:following
2070: 13.
2064:influences
2062:Belarusian
2049: 11.
2039: 10.
1839:World Bank
1756:Russophone
1754:See also:
1639:See also:
1592:Uzbekistan
1568:Tajikistan
1557:Kyrgyzstan
1541:Kazakhstan
1500:Azerbaijan
1325:Ukrainians
1031:Belarusian
858:Tajikistan
854:Kyrgyzstan
850:Kazakhstan
351:Uzbekistan
318:Tajikistan
302:Kyrgyzstan
285:Kazakhstan
17548:Textbooks
17413:Republics
17401:Republics
17389:Republics
17240:Languages
17104:Transport
16986:Holodomor
16879:Militsiya
16817:President
16709:Stalinism
16611:Elections
16485:Republics
16468:Geography
16458:Nostalgia
16370:Stalinism
16072:Festivals
15965:Sociology
15915:Languages
15834:Education
15738:Transport
15572:Terrorism
15417:Judiciary
15411:Apparatus
15377:Elections
15342:Anarchism
15316:Far North
15267:Volcanoes
15252:Mountains
15129:Geography
15008:Civil war
14919:Scythians
14816:Ghardaian
14811:Ein Mahel
14801:Al-Sayyid
14796:Al-Atrash
14535:Tocharian
14469:Qoqmončaq
14421:Cantonese
14375:Shaojiang
14348:Hainanese
14277:Zhongyuan
14272:Jiao-Liao
14206:Esperanto
14108:Ili Turki
13815:Khamnigan
13680:Kiong Nai
13451:Zitsadegu
12429:Mongolian
12419:Cantonese
12298:Koryo-mar
12190:Ukrainian
12062:Ukrainian
12057:Trasianka
11724:Ukrainian
11694:Tabasaran
11592:Kabardian
11436:indicate
11351:phonology
11299:languages
11287:Trasianka
11113:Kajkavian
11101:Chakavian
11026:Schleifer
10969:Kashubian
10751:Torlakian
10728:Bulgarian
10684:Ukrainian
10649:Ruthenian
10477:Trasianka
10472:Dagestani
10456:Doukhobor
10402:Astrakhan
10209:Trasianka
10131:Trasianka
10086:Formalism
10056:Phonology
9836:"Russian"
9609:Cambridge
8890:123427088
8702:4 October
8660:4 October
8624:, EZ Glot
8009:europa.eu
7954:27 August
7288:6 October
7103:6 January
6772:0041-977X
6517:"Russian"
6466:10 August
6456:"Russian"
6340:: 83–85.
5883:9 January
5706:Citations
5691:Ukrainian
5551:7 January
5149:worldwide
4518:1998–2009
4504:1999–2013
4488:1950–1965
4470:1934–1940
4447:1880–1882
4410:1806–1822
4396:1789–1794
4292:a highly
4278:synthetic
3826:voiceless
3821:Fricative
3779:Affricate
3669:voiceless
3500:Phonology
3397:отре́зать
3387:отреза́ть
3238:Computing
2433:Trasianka
2410:Norwegian
2329:Esperanto
2299:Ukrainian
2255:/x⁓xv⁓xw/
2094:Ukrainian
2072:Slobozhan
2029: 9.
2019: 8.
2008: 7.
1999: 6.
1986: 5.
1976: 4.
1966: 3.
1956: 2.
1946: 1.
1720:Cleveland
1700:Baltimore
1676:Nashville
1477:countries
1370:Lithuania
1051:Bulgarian
1043:Trasianka
1027:Ukrainian
959:reduction
955:consonant
772:Glottolog
740:ISO 639-3
722:ISO 639-2
704:ISO 639-1
17456:Category
17009:Religion
16896:Chairmen
16742:Congress
16704:Leninism
16684:Propiska
16579:Politics
16438:Glasnost
16398:Cold War
16338:February
16264:Category
16142:Nobility
16102:Internet
16097:Heraldry
16092:Graffiti
16077:Folklore
16020:Armorial
15950:Religion
15935:Polygamy
15874:HIV/AIDS
15854:Funerals
15844:Feminism
15814:Deafness
15799:Citizens
15789:Cannabis
15774:Abortion
15718:Taxation
15658:Gambling
15648:Forestry
15497:Military
15330:Politics
15311:Wildlife
15257:Caucasus
15220:Glaciers
15100:Military
15085:Internet
15063:By topic
14957:Vladimir
14952:Novgorod
14906:Timeline
14758:Romanian
14672:Official
14479:Tangwang
14459:Macanese
14454:Lingling
14387:Northern
14370:Northern
14333:Southern
14252:Mandarin
14179:Minority
14139:Sarikoli
14052:Tungusic
14013:Naxi Yao
13958:Cao Miao
13882:Ningming
13782:Mongolic
13758:Dzao Min
13753:Biao Min
13710:Qo Xiong
13705:Pingtang
13401:Dongwang
13343:Tshobdun
13268:Guiqiong
12870:Sangkong
12645:Muangphe
12607:Mondzish
12561:numerous
12552:Counties
12399:Regional
12383:Official
12037:Armenian
11890:Cyrillic
11858:Yukaghir
11765:Karelian
11679:Ossetian
11332:Iazychie
11256:Runglish
11214:Balachka
11185:Silesian
11143:Bunjevac
10991:Polabian
10948:Silesian
10927:dialects
10922:Masurian
10906:Lechitic
10863:Moravian
10786:Croatian
10689:dialects
10660:dialects
10487:Runglish
10444:Colonial
10397:Southern
10390:Siberian
10385:Northern
10362:Regional
10295:Runglish
10143:Balachka
10138:Southern
10109:Northern
10101:Dialects
10027:Features
9976:Alphabet
9807:Archived
9785:Archived
9773:Archived
9761:Archived
9750:Archived
9738:Archived
9652:Archived
9441:Archived
9410:Archived
9384:Archived
9357:Archived
9336:23 April
9330:Archived
9308:23 April
9302:Archived
9274:Archived
9245:Archived
9216:Archived
9187:Archived
9158:Archived
9125:Archived
9078:Archived
8963:Academia
8908:Archived
8847:Archived
8805:Archived
8727:Archived
8696:Archived
8678:(1997).
8618:Archived
8576:Archived
8550:Archived
8486:Archived
8464:Russian.
8451:Archived
8385:Archived
8359:Archived
8324:Archived
8303:Archived
8251:Archived
8215:Archived
8186:Archived
8124:Archived
8032:Archived
7977:Archived
7948:Archived
7922:Archived
7892:Archived
7868:7 August
7862:Archived
7836:7 August
7830:Archived
7806:22 March
7800:Archived
7778:Archived
7754:23 April
7748:Archived
7730:Archived
7708:Archived
7685:Archived
7660:Archived
7609:Archived
7556:Archived
7534:Archived
7503:Archived
7485:Archived
7459:7 August
7453:Archived
7427:Archived
7347:Archived
7321:26 April
7279:Archived
7258:Archived
7130:Archived
7097:Archived
7066:23 April
7060:Archived
6986:archived
6932:Archived
6899:Archived
6872:Archived
6838:Archived
6801:Archived
6723:(1911).
6695:Archived
6663:12 April
6657:Archived
6623:Archived
6606:Russian.
6593:Archived
6525:Archived
6492:Archived
6460:Archived
6418:Archived
6385:Archived
6346:41049661
6307:Archived
6274:Archived
6237:Archived
6210:Archived
6186:Archived
6160:Archived
6134:Archived
6101:Archived
6001:Archived
5971:Archived
5941:Archived
5907:Archived
5877:Archived
5756:Archived
5573:Archived
5542:Archived
5512:Archived
5408:See also
5133:Russians
5070:8 (2005)
5008:Russians
4529:Russian
4521:≈130,000
4507:≈200,000
4349:prefixes
4294:fusional
4286:leveling
3552:alveolar
3540:Alveolar
3512:syllable
3362:mólodets
3357:мо́лодец
3352:molodéts
3347:молоде́ц
3317:стоя́щий
3307:сто́ящий
3171:⟩
3165:⟨
3161:⟩
3155:⟨
3140:⟩
3134:⟨
3130:⟩
3124:⟨
3120:⟩
3114:⟨
3102:⟩
3096:⟨
3092:⟩
3086:⟨
3078:⟩
3072:⟨
3068:⟩
3062:⟨
3054:⟩
3048:⟨
3044:⟩
3038:⟨
3030:⟩
3024:⟨
3020:⟩
3014:⟨
3010:⟩
3004:⟨
2992:⟩
2986:⟨
2982:⟩
2976:⟨
2493:Cyrillic
2457:Alphabet
2447:Nganasan
2420:and the
2418:Finnmark
2414:Russians
2396:Runglish
2323:Cossacks
2311:Balachka
2131:Southern
2123:Northern
2118:leveling
2116:Despite
2103:Balachka
2051:Smolensk
1988:Vladimir
1968:Novgorod
1913:Dialects
1708:Portland
1436:services
1321:Russians
1245:by raion
944:phonemes
929:Internet
874:Caucasus
823:de facto
819:Russians
793:53-AAA-e
779:russ1263
639:Slovakia
459:Abkhazia
385:Gagauzia
207:Cyrillic
17377:Symbols
17290:Fashion
17272:Culture
17186:Society
17131:Science
17096:Rouble
17038:Economy
17014:Science
16824:Premier
16805:Offices
16667:Leaders
16587:General
16555:Siberia
16528:Regions
16502:Oblasts
16343:October
16320:History
16255:Outline
16067:Fashion
16057:Fashion
16045:Cuisine
16007:Culture
15995:in army
15980:Wedding
15975:Suicide
15970:Smoking
15955:Slavery
15930:Orphans
15903:Illegal
15779:Alcohol
15762:Society
15728:Tourism
15608:Banking
15586:Economy
15431:Prisons
15279:Siberia
15235:Islands
15215:Geology
15151:Climate
15141:Borders
15105:Outline
15080:Judaism
15070:Economy
14897:History
14836:Russian
14821:Israeli
14806:El-Naim
14791:Abu Kaf
14768:Yiddish
14763:Russian
14753:Kurdish
14733:English
14723:Amharic
14705:Bedouin
14550:Xianbei
14545:Tuyuhun
14515:Old Yue
14493:Extinct
14474:Sanqiao
14365:Central
14355:Eastern
14338:Hokkien
14282:Lan-Yin
14262:Beijing
14244:Chinese
14201:Russian
13963:Chadong
13943:Ai-Cham
13912:Tai Nüa
13897:Tai Dón
13892:Tai Dam
13850:Kra-Dai
13820:Monguor
13810:Kangjia
13768:Kim Mun
13763:Iu Mien
13685:Luobohe
13675:Huishui
13655:Guiyang
13632:Hmongic
13593:Palaung
13583:Man Met
13487:Longjia
13436:Ladakhi
13431:Kyirong
13421:Khalong
13406:Drugchu
13363:Tibetic
13333:Shixing
13245:Qiangic
13026:Alingpo
13018:Nisoish
13003:Yangliu
12998:Xuzhang
12928:Laizisi
12923:Kuamasi
12918:Kua-nsi
12900:Lisoish
12880:Tsukong
12820:Laomian
12745:Baihong
12712:Hanoish
12703:Loloish
12688:Lhao Vo
12683:Chashan
12668:Xiandao
12655:Burmish
12598:Burmese
12556:Banners
12512:Tai Nüa
12439:Tibetan
12424:English
12277:Russian
12185:Turkish
12149:Russian
12001:Russian
11883:Scripts
11760:Finnish
11740:Chukchi
11709:Tsakhur
11653:Mordvin
11572:Chuvash
11567:Chechen
11557:Bashkir
11493:Russian
11434:Italics
11319:Lydnevi
11275:Surzhyk
11008:Sorbian
10857:Knaanic
10808:Slovene
10796:Serbian
10781:Bosnian
10761:Western
10720:Eastern
10655:Russian
10544:History
10482:Surzhyk
10451:Alaskan
10369:Central
10257:History
10252:Ukraine
10237:Belarus
10227:Armenia
10204:Surzhyk
10148:Surzhyk
10121:Central
10044:Animacy
10034:Grammar
10018:Braille
10003:Cursive
9991:Reforms
9969:Writing
9932:History
9460:Sources
9390:18 June
9280:18 June
9251:18 June
9222:18 June
9193:18 June
9164:18 June
9131:18 June
8492:17 June
8482:W3Techs
8423:18 June
8391:18 June
8365:12 July
8330:11 July
8192:22 June
8058:Russian
8029:Georgia
7704:Reuters
6733:(ed.).
6629:16 July
6599:18 July
6059:5 April
6007:18 June
5823:18 June
5792:18 June
5762:18 June
5722:Russian
5687:dialect
5493:russkiy
5184:million
5166:million
5154:billion
4538:442,533
4493:120,480
4483:Ozhegov
4465:Ushakov
4450:195,844
4427:114,749
4341:aspects
4228:Grammar
4214:/ɨ,u,a/
4210:/i,u,a/
4105:Central
3557:Palatal
3427:Гарси́я
3402:otrézat
3392:otrezát
3232:Unicode
3179:reduced
3112:); and
2449:on the
2427:Surzhyk
2390:lexicon
2373:padonki
2231:yakanye
2204:In the
2179:/o⁓u̯ɔ/
2173: *
2167:/e⁓i̯ɛ/
2127:Central
2053:dialect
2043:dialect
2033:dialect
2012:dialect
1990:dialect
1980:dialect
1970:dialect
1960:dialect
1958:Olonets
1950:dialect
1712:Chicago
1696:Calgary
1692:Toronto
1688:Spokane
1684:Seattle
1629:Vietnam
1530:Georgia
1489:Armenia
1415:Ukraine
1388:Moldova
1359:Latvian
1336:Estonia
1304:Belarus
1292:Ukraine
1257:Estonia
1237:Belarus
1082:Persian
1039:Surzhyk
948:palatal
938:of the
927:on the
905:Eurasia
870:Moldova
866:Ukraine
846:Belarus
840:of the
827:de jure
803:Russian
663:Ukraine
651:Moldova
615:Armenia
603:Romania
494:(state)
411:Ukraine
371:Moldova
358:status)
356:de jure
269:Belarus
256:(state)
147:Russian
49:Russian
17396:Emblem
17384:Anthem
17332:Sports
17285:Cinema
17280:Ballet
17262:Racism
17235:Family
16725:Bodies
16313:topics
16269:Portal
16224:Sports
16152:Anthem
16040:Cinema
16035:Ballet
15945:Racism
15908:Labour
15864:Health
15829:Doping
15683:Ruble
15668:Mining
15638:Energy
15301:Rivers
15210:Fjords
15110:Postal
14962:Moscow
14888:Russia
14774:others
14748:Ladino
14743:German
14738:French
14728:Domari
14695:Arabic
14679:Hebrew
14530:Tangut
14520:Rouran
14510:Khitan
14500:Ba–Shu
14464:Maojia
14449:Hezhou
14360:Puxian
14343:Teoswa
14228:(Kinh)
14196:Kyrgyz
14191:Korean
14186:Kazakh
14090:Turkic
14075:Oroqen
14065:Manchu
14060:Evenki
14028:Qabiao
14018:Ong Be
14003:Maonan
13993:Lakkja
13983:Jiamao
13953:Buyang
13917:Tai Ya
13907:Tai Lü
13867:Bouyei
13859:Zhuang
13840:Torgut
13795:Buryat
13745:Mienic
13735:Younuo
13715:Raojia
13695:Pa-Hng
13690:Mashan
13660:Hm Nai
13645:Bu-Nao
13640:A-Hmao
13563:Bumang
13482:Jingpo
13477:Derung
13472:Caijia
13446:Zhongu
13416:Gserpa
13308:Namuyi
13278:Japhug
13227:Zauzou
13202:Namuyi
13187:Kucong
13161:Zokhuo
13156:Thopho
13136:Phupha
13121:Phukha
13066:Khlula
13008:Zibusi
12993:Toloza
12988:Sonaga
12973:Mangdi
12968:Lolopo
12913:Hlersu
12850:Phana’
12845:Nuomei
12825:Laopin
12760:Bukong
12735:Angluo
12663:Achang
12640:Mondzi
12542:Zhuang
12517:Tai Lü
12507:Kazakh
12502:Kyrgyz
12487:Korean
12477:Bouyei
12449:Zhuang
12444:Uyghur
12313:Uyghur
12293:Dungan
12272:Kyrgyz
12195:Uyghur
12175:Tajiki
12170:German
12165:Dungan
12144:Kazakh
12047:Polish
11848:Selkup
11843:Nenets
11775:Khanty
11770:Kazakh
11755:Evenki
11745:Dolgan
11719:Udmurt
11666:Moksha
11645:Meadow
11627:Lezgin
11607:Khakas
11597:Kalmyk
11587:Ingush
11582:Dargwa
11562:Buryat
11516:Adyghe
11246:Quelia
11128:Resian
10917:Polish
10875:Slovak
10572:Accent
10425:Goryun
10413:Ethnic
10378:Moscow
10247:Latvia
10242:Israel
10219:Region
10126:Moscow
9818:
9710:
9675:
9644:
9619:
9589:
9570:
9548:
9524:
9505:
9060:1 June
9051:
9021:
8993:
8969:
8961:. М.:
8888:
8688:
8457:1 June
8285:16 May
8257:16 May
7928:14 May
7530:Бабель
7381:2 June
7166:26 May
7156:Gallup
6978:
6938:25 May
6928:mustgo
6909:
6780:610442
6778:
6770:
6531:9 July
6498:31 May
6487:Tandem
6391:16 May
6344:
6313:16 May
6166:22 May
6140:22 May
5977:27 May
5947:27 May
5913:27 May
5843:Gov.kg
5595:Crimea
5023:Source
4473:85,289
4413:51,388
4399:43,257
4388:Notes
4337:tenses
4326:style.
4303:syntax
4090:Vowels
4080:/mˠɨː/
4068:dental
3892:voiced
3724:voiced
3545:Dental
3535:Labial
3494:cookie
3447:Фе́рми
3442:Olésha
3437:Оле́ша
3432:García
3407:афе́ра
3382:uznayú
3377:узнаю́
3372:uznáyu
3367:узна́ю
3342:chúdno
3337:чу́дно
3332:chudnó
3327:чудно́
3297:за́мок
3287:замо́к
3282:stress
3252:, and
3212:, and
2406:pidgin
2382:Quelia
2345:Lojban
2317:, and
2250:/w⁓u̯/
2236:яканье
2155:оканье
2150:okanye
2107:
2099:
2083:Steppe
2068:
2058:
2055:Other
2047:
2037:
2031:Ryazan
2027:
2017:
2006:
1997:
1984:
1978:Viatka
1974:
1964:
1954:
1944:
1925:, and
1794:UNESCO
1762:, and
1718:, and
1716:Denver
1668:Boston
1651:Alaska
1457:RATING
1440:RATING
1355:Saeima
1343:Latvia
1269:Latvia
1227:Europe
1201:Canada
1090:Hebrew
1088:, and
1086:Arabic
1078:Turkic
1074:Uralic
1066:Polish
1033:, and
990:за́мок
984:замо́к
967:Stress
963:vowels
897:Europe
886:Israel
872:, the
856:, and
805:is an
672:
660:
648:
636:
624:
612:
600:
535:UNESCO
516:
488:
472:
456:
422:
408:
382:
368:
348:
315:
299:
282:
266:
253:Russia
250:
137:Slavic
88:Russia
17514:Media
17327:Radio
17305:Opera
17300:Music
17203:Crime
16974:Gulag
16852:Cheka
16497:Krais
16174:Opera
16127:Music
15990:Women
15891:LGBTQ
15809:Crime
15743:Waste
15262:Urals
15240:Lakes
14540:Tuoba
14484:Wutun
14399:Xiang
14392:Auish
14318:Hakka
14267:Ji-Lu
14232:Wakhi
14221:Uzbek
14216:Tuvan
14211:Tatar
14132:Other
14118:Salar
14070:Nanai
14008:Mulam
13973:Gelao
13936:Other
13835:Santa
13830:Ordos
13825:Oirat
13790:Bonan
13730:Xixiu
13700:Pa Na
13665:Hmong
13650:Gejia
13598:Riang
13558:Bugan
13553:Bolyu
13548:Blang
13497:Tujia
13460:Other
13441:Tseku
13426:Khams
13411:Groma
13391:Choni
13381:Basum
13376:Baima
13353:Zhaba
13273:Horpa
13258:Choyo
13253:Baima
13222:Sanie
13197:Naruo
13182:Katso
13177:Gokhy
13170:Other
13146:Samei
13141:Phuza
13131:Phupa
13126:Phuma
13116:Phowa
13111:Phola
13106:Phala
13101:Nuosu
13056:Bokha
13031:Alugu
12978:Micha
12890:Yiche
12875:Suobi
12840:Nuobi
12810:Kaduo
12805:Kabie
12785:Habei
12775:Duota
12770:Duoni
12765:Cosao
12693:Zaiwa
12678:Lashi
12630:Mango
12625:Manga
12620:Maang
12615:Kathu
12596:Lolo-
12522:Zaiwa
12492:Qiang
12482:Tujia
12467:Hmong
12318:Uzbek
12308:Tajik
12200:Uzbek
12180:Tatar
11808:Mansi
11714:Tuvan
11704:Tatar
11684:Rutul
11674:Nogai
11659:Erzya
11617:Kumyk
11526:Altai
11521:Aghul
11511:Abaza
11180:Goral
11118:Pomak
11066:Lemko
10839:Czech
10679:Rusyn
10465:Mixed
10435:Pomor
10273:Other
10173:Fenya
10114:Pomor
9658:6 May
8886:S2CID
8654:(PDF)
8639:(PDF)
8417:(PDF)
8410:(PDF)
8218:(PDF)
8211:(PDF)
8159:(PDF)
8152:(PDF)
8094:(PDF)
8087:(PDF)
8016:(PDF)
8005:(PDF)
7980:(PDF)
7973:(PDF)
7663:(PDF)
7652:(PDF)
7634:(PDF)
7627:(PDF)
7433:2 May
7407:2 May
7282:(PDF)
7275:(PDF)
7215:(PDF)
7208:(PDF)
7034:(p.3)
7032:Ibid.
6878:4 May
6847:4 May
6841:(PDF)
6830:(PDF)
6810:4 May
6804:(PDF)
6797:(PDF)
6776:JSTOR
6729:. In
6342:JSTOR
6336:(1).
5683:Rusyn
5545:(PDF)
5538:(PDF)
5479:Notes
5343:147.3
5340:7.794
5323:142.7
5320:6.820
5303:146.0
5300:6.400
5283:286.0
5280:5.263
5263:265.0
5260:4.434
5243:205.0
5240:2.342
5223:182.2
5220:1.782
5203:138.0
5200:1.650
4385:Words
4345:cases
4218:/i,u/
4117:Close
4100:Front
4084:/bˠɛ/
4076:Irish
4048:Цюрих
4003:Trill
3619:Nasal
3605:plain
3593:plain
3581:plain
3569:plain
3562:Velar
3550:Post-
3452:Fermi
3417:гу́ру
3412:aféra
3302:zámok
3292:zamók
3210:moroz
3205:мороз
2377:Runet
2363:Aleut
2339:argot
2335:Fenya
2319:Terek
2315:Kuban
2090:]
2079:]
1704:Miami
1606:press
1511:China
1445:south
1280:]
1213:Hindi
1070:Dutch
1062:Latin
1035:Rusyn
946:with
675:China
17408:Flag
17366:List
17174:List
17086:OGAS
16979:List
16862:NKVD
16650:LGBT
16638:List
16604:1977
16599:1936
16162:Flag
16050:Wine
16030:Arts
15095:LGBT
14979:Army
14564:Sign
14525:Saka
14426:Ping
14147:Tsat
14098:Äynu
14080:Xibe
14038:Then
14023:Paha
13978:Hlai
13948:Biao
13922:Yang
13887:Nong
13800:Daur
13578:Mang
13573:Kuan
13492:Nung
13371:Amdo
13338:Situ
13318:Pumi
13313:Naxi
13303:Muya
13293:Lizu
13288:Laze
13263:Ersu
13217:Samu
13212:Nusu
13207:Naxi
13192:Lahu
13151:Sani
13096:Nisu
13091:Nasu
13086:Muzi
13081:Muji
13076:Moji
13071:Lope
13061:Gepo
13051:Azhe
13046:Azha
13036:Aluo
12983:Mili
12963:Lisu
12958:Lipo
12953:Limi
12948:Lawu
12943:Lavu
12938:Lamu
12933:Lalo
12885:Woni
12865:Sadu
12860:Qidi
12855:Piyo
12835:Muda
12815:Lami
12800:Jino
12795:Honi
12790:Hani
12755:Budu
12750:Bisu
12740:Asuo
12725:Akha
12720:Akeu
12673:Pela
12635:Maza
12537:Hani
12527:Lisu
12411:SARs
11853:Veps
11750:Even
11638:Hill
11632:Mari
11612:Komi
11547:Avar
10996:Rani
10954:Lach
9708:ISBN
9673:ISBN
9660:2015
9642:ISBN
9617:ISBN
9587:ISBN
9568:ISBN
9546:ISBN
9522:ISBN
9503:ISBN
9449:2023
9418:2023
9392:2013
9338:2014
9310:2014
9282:2013
9253:2013
9224:2013
9195:2013
9166:2013
9133:2013
9062:2024
9049:ISBN
9019:ISBN
8991:ISBN
8967:ISBN
8944:2020
8855:2020
8813:2023
8735:2011
8704:2022
8686:ISBN
8662:2022
8584:2011
8558:2011
8494:2013
8459:2024
8447:JAXA
8425:2013
8393:2013
8367:2019
8332:2019
8287:2009
8259:2009
8226:2016
8194:2022
8167:2015
8132:2023
8102:2015
7988:2023
7956:2023
7930:2022
7900:2023
7870:2019
7838:2019
7808:2023
7756:2014
7586:2020
7511:2023
7461:2019
7435:2012
7409:2012
7383:2024
7355:2023
7323:2015
7290:2020
7223:2015
7168:2010
7138:2014
7105:2019
7068:2014
6994:2021
6976:ISBN
6940:2014
6907:ISBN
6880:2015
6849:2015
6812:2015
6768:ISSN
6665:2024
6631:2021
6601:2021
6589:JAXA
6567:2012
6533:2021
6500:2021
6468:2020
6393:2010
6315:2010
6282:2023
6245:2022
6194:2021
6168:2012
6142:2012
6109:2016
6061:2021
6035:2020
6009:2013
5979:2016
5949:2016
5915:2016
5885:2020
5855:2020
5825:2013
5794:2013
5764:2013
5581:2021
5553:2013
5520:2014
5377:The
5352:3.3
5337:2020
5332:3.8
5317:2010
5312:4.3
5297:2004
5292:5.9
5277:1990
5272:6.3
5257:1980
5252:7.6
5237:1940
5232:7.9
5217:1914
5212:6.4
5197:1900
5146:Year
5012:this
4609:The
4442:Dahl
4424:1847
4382:Year
4379:Work
4212:(or
4196::55)
4170:Open
4110:Back
4066:are
4060:/dʲ/
4058:and
4056:/tʲ/
3797:t͡sʲ
3664:Stop
3611:pal.
3599:pal.
3587:pal.
3575:pal.
3422:gúru
3254:MESM
3224:myš'
3220:mysh
3215:мышь
3163:and
3152:yers
3148:/ʲa/
3144:/ja/
3122:and
3110:/ʲu/
3106:/ju/
3012:and
3000:/ʲe/
2996:/je/
2967:/ja/
2953:/ju/
2883:/ɕː/
2855:/tɕ/
2841:/ts/
2599:/jo/
2585:/je/
2465:and
2384:, a
2297:and
2275:/tʲ/
2269:and
2253:and
2246:, a
2223:несл
2212:and
2185:and
2177:and
2160:high
2136:The
2081:and
2041:Tula
2021:Orel
2010:Tver
1891:NASA
1483:Asia
1464:and
1462:IDPs
1449:east
1447:and
1329:Jews
987:and
884:and
825:and
589:List
561:OSCE
553:CSTO
549:EAEU
530:ICAO
525:IAEA
16891:KGB
16886:MGB
16874:MVD
16857:GPU
16657:Law
15422:Law
14505:Jie
14416:Yue
14409:Old
14404:New
14328:Min
14323:Hui
14313:Gan
14289:Jin
14113:Lop
14033:Sui
13998:Mak
13988:Kam
13968:Cun
13927:Yei
13877:Min
13872:Dai
13720:She
13670:Hmu
13543:Bit
13467:Bai
13396:Dao
13348:Zbu
13041:Axi
12908:Eka
12830:Mpi
12780:Enu
12730:Amu
12532:Bai
12472:Kam
12407:ARs
11699:Tat
11622:Lak
9848:doi
8878:doi
8764:doi
8060:at
7342:ERR
6968:doi
6760:doi
5724:at
5689:of
5601:is
5349:256
5329:260
5309:278
5289:312
5269:280
5249:200
5229:140
5209:105
4690:),
4680:),
4574:or
4485:'s)
4467:'s)
4444:'s)
4257:.
4206:/ɨ/
4147:Mid
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