500:, Aflah ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab, dan Abu al-Yaqzhan ibn Aflah, Mahdi an-Nafusi, ‘Abd Allah al-Lamthi, and Mahmud ibn Bakr. ‘Abd ar-Rahman had an exegesis of the Qur’an. ‘Abd al-Wahhab wrote his Masa'il Nafusah on Islamic jurisprudence. Aflah mastered Arabic literature, mathematics, and astronomy. Abu al-Yaqzhan wrote about 40 works. Because of their intellectual enthusiasm, the Rustamids vigorously transferred valuable works from the Mashriq to the Maghrib, especially to the library of al-Ma‘shumah (in Tahert) and that of Khizanah Nafusah (in Jabal Nafusah). Moreover, Tahert was famous as ‘Iraq al-Maghrib, al-‘Iraq ash-Shaghir, Balkh al-Maghrib, or Little Basra. Apart from these achievements, the Rustamids also had significant contribution to Islamization in the Maghrib and Bilad as-Sudan. For about two centuries (130-340 AH / 750-950 AD), the Kharijite people gained control of trade routes in the Maghrib and Bilad as-Sudan. Many Ibadite merchants made journeys along the vast area, such as Tahert, Wargla, Nafzawa, Jabal Nafusah, Tadmakkat, Gao, and Ghana. By this economic activity, the Ibadites took advantages of trading business and preaching Islam at the same time.
47:
534:
1888:
Here, 'Abd al-Raḥmān in 144/ 761 founded a Khārijī principality based on the newly-founded town of Tahert (Tāhart) (near modern Tiaret), and some fifteen years later he was offered the imamate of all the Ibāḍiyya of North Africa. This nucleus in Tahert was linked with Ibāḍī communities in the Aurès,
1950:
The
Rustamid (Rustumid, Rostemid) dynasty of Ibadi Kharijite Imam that ruled the central Maghrib as a Muslim theocracy for a century and a half from their capital Tahert in present Algeria until the Ismailite Fatimid Caliphate destroyed it. (...) The exact extent of its dominions is not entirely
420:, fearing the loss of his title to his older brother Mohammed Abu-l-Yaqzan, attempted to assassinate him. However, his plot failed, leading to the population uprising against Abu Bakr, resulting in his overthrow and death In 874. Consequently, Mohammed Abu-l-Yaqzan assumed the title.
400:
from
Kharijite control and Abul-Khattab Abdul-A'la ibn as-Samh was killed. On his death, the Tripolitanian Ibādiyya elected Abu l-Hatim al-Malzuzi as Imām; he was killed in 772 after launching a second unsuccessful revolt in 768. After this, the center of power shifted to
384:. In 757 (140 AH), a group of four Basra-educated missionaries including ʻAbd ar-Rahmān ibn Rustam proclaimed an Ibāḍī imamate in Tripolitania, starting an abortive state led by Abu l-Khattab Abdul-A'la ibn as-Samh which lasted until the
491:
The
Rustamid dynasty, "developed a cosmopolitan reputation in which Christians, non-Kharijite Muslims, and adherents of different sects of Kharijism lived". On the intellectual field, the Rustamids had many scholars and learned men, such as
409:, was elected Imām; after this, the post remained in his family, a practice which the Ibādiyya justified by noting that he came from no tribe, and thus his election as imam would not favour the domination of one Ibadi tribe over the others.
1919:
The
Kharijite Rustamid state based at Tahert (western Algeria) was also established by a Persian missionary, ʿAbd al-Rahman b. Rustam of the Ibadi tradition. Their area of influence stretched to Jerba, Jabal Nafusa, and the
450:
Ibn as-Saghir also describes the Imām as ascetic, repairing his own house and refusing gifts; the citizens sharply criticized him if they considered him derelict in his duty. Religious ethics were strictly enforced by law.
2248:
1269:
1981:
After the great
Kharijite rebellion this encampment developed into the oasis city of Zawila, at the south-eastern extremity of the Kharijite realm of the Rustamids of Tahart.
2362:
2581:
236:
211:
197:
2293:
Wheatley, Paul, "The Places where Men Pray
Together: Cities in Islamic Lands, Seventh Through the Tenth Centuries", Published by University of Chicago Press, 2001,
2576:
1833:
Based on
Britannica 2008: The state was governed by imams descended from ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān ibn Rustam, the austere Persian who founded the state in the 8th century.
2322:
916:
981:
2596:
2355:
46:
1163:
1056:
405:, and, in 777, ʻAbd ar-Rahmān ibn Rustam, an Ifriqiyan-born convert to the Ibāḍī movement of Persian origin and one of the four founders of the
2591:
2067:
1197:
2348:
1304:
1263:
1202:
1889:
southern
Tunisia and the Jabal Nafūsa, and groups as far south as the Fezzān oasis acknowledged the spiritual headship of the Ibāḍī Imāms.
2556:
1119:
1046:
389:
1187:
627:
1076:
2284:
2103:
2004:
1974:
1943:
1912:
1854:
2174:
Ahmad
Choirul Rofiq, "Moderation and Civilization: A Historical Analysis on the Moderate Policy of the Rustamid Dynasty" in
2546:
1933:
2551:
2371:
1051:
974:
2270:
2093:
1158:
1108:
2561:
2326:
2298:
1994:
1881:
1765:
2566:
1902:
1297:
768:
575:
543:
2304:
1481:
1327:
1216:
1182:
713:
497:
1124:
2586:
2225:
2206:
1786:
1256:
1177:
1871:
579:
2230:
1226:
397:
1025:
2611:
2571:
1290:
1250:
513:
316:
defeated it. Rustamid authority extended over what is now central and western
Algeria, parts of southern
2148:
Chronique D'Ibn Saghir Sur Les Imams Rostemides de Tahert. Par A. de C. Motylinski, Etc. Arabic & Fr
969:
1015:
2541:
2309:
2257:
413:
17:
2315:
1812:
2606:
1433:
1318:
493:
435:
settled there and strong fortifications were built. It became a major stop on the newly developing
1333:
1276:
1172:
998:
986:
761:
673:
669:
472:
1753:
697:
423:
The new imamate was centered on the newly built capital of Tahert (or Tahart), near present-day
1192:
1066:
993:
455:
1964:
1801:
923:
614:
2220:
1041:
732:
8:
2601:
1904:
The Aghlabids and their Neighbors: Art and Material Culture in Ninth-Century North Africa
940:
721:
689:
348:
reached North Africa by 719, when the missionary Salma ibn Sa'd was sent from the Ibādī
2429:
2261:
2234:
2216:
1339:
1245:
1153:
1136:
952:
908:
583:
522:
440:
417:
216:
2340:
1996:
Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History: 5,000 Years of Religious History
1844:
468:; this displeased Ibādī tribes on the Aghlabid border, who launched a few rebellions.
2513:
2465:
2453:
2435:
2294:
2280:
2202:
2099:
2000:
1970:
1939:
1908:
1877:
1850:
1782:
947:
864:
856:
776:
705:
587:
385:
313:
229:
202:
2265:
2507:
2489:
2477:
2447:
2423:
2393:
2387:
2175:
1145:
888:
742:
639:
373:
321:
78:
70:
1071:
475:, upon which many Ibāḍis – including the last Imām – fled to the Sedrata tribe of
2495:
2483:
2411:
2196:
2146:
1221:
1061:
1020:
1008:
935:
928:
872:
808:
784:
566:
275:
2471:
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1003:
960:
880:
681:
660:
558:
369:
294:
2535:
2501:
2459:
2441:
1131:
840:
464:
361:
2179:
1032:
432:
381:
533:
471:
After Abdu l-Wahhāb, the Rustamids grew militarily weak; they were easily
2399:
1093:
1083:
792:
444:
436:
88:
2417:
2238:
652:
2519:
1901:
Anderson, Glaire D.; Fenwick, Corisande; Rosser-Owen, Mariam (2017).
848:
816:
634:
600:
459:
310:
302:
2092:
Mattson, Ingrid; Nesbitt-Larking, Paul; Tahir, Nawaz (2015-02-05).
1766:
The Transmission of Learning in Islamic Africa - Scott Steven Reese
832:
824:
747:
737:
480:
393:
357:
1873:
The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual
2375:
644:
550:
476:
428:
406:
402:
317:
306:
298:
258:
254:
1932:
Syed, Muzaffar Husain; Akhtar, Syed Saud; Usmani, B. D. (2011).
605:
595:
424:
377:
365:
333:
325:
74:
60:
305:
for a century and a half from its capital Tahert (present day
2229:. New Series. 7, Iranian Studies in Honor of A. D. H. Bivar.
1951:
clear, but it stretched as far east as Jabal Nafusa in Libya.
1849:. Internet Archive. Cambridge University Press. p. 75.
1088:
353:
345:
329:
291:
262:
2091:
2037:
2117:
2115:
2073:
1900:
1354:
Yusuf Abu Hatim ibn Muhammad Abi l-Yaqzan, again (899-906)
51:
Approximate extent of Rustamid control in the 9th century
2370:
2112:
2049:
2025:
2013:
1870:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2004). "The Rustamids".
1348:
Yusuf Abu Hatim ibn Muhammad Abi l-Yaqzan (894-895)
2247:
2582:States and territories disestablished in the 900s
2127:
2533:
2095:Religion and Representation: Islam and Democracy
1931:
360:. By 740, their efforts had converted the major
2577:States and territories established in the 770s
2198:A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period
1824:"The Places where Men Pray Together", pg. 210.
2356:
2221:"The Parthian Origins of the House of Rustam"
1781:(New ed.). Leiden : Brill p. 638.
1298:
1754:A Chronology of Islamic History, 570-1000 CE
462:of Ifriqiya in 812, but otherwise reached a
479:, whence they would ultimately emigrate to
2363:
2349:
2271:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1357:Yaqzan ibn Muhammad Abi l-Yaqzan (906-909)
1305:
1291:
45:
2201:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2194:
2163:Algeria: The Revolution Institutionalized
2121:
2079:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2019:
1969:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 154.
1842:
1345:Muhammad Abu l-Yaqzan ibn Aflah (874-894)
2597:10th-century disestablishments in Africa
2215:
1938:. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 143.
1869:
1776:
473:conquered by the Ismaili Fatimids in 909
1802:Islamic History - Laura Etheredge - p73
14:
2534:
2316:Rustamid Dynasty Encyclopedy Britanica
1999:. Vol. 2. ABC-CLIO. p. 545.
1992:
486:
427:. Several Ibādī tribes displaced from
2344:
2245:
2133:
1962:
1728:
1726:
1706:
1704:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1670:
1668:
1650:
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1630:
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1614:
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1572:
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1404:
1402:
1400:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1379:
1377:
2592:8th-century establishments in Africa
1369:Family tree of the Rustamid dynasty
120:ʿAbdu r-Rahman ibn Bahram ibn Rūstam
2323:"Qantara - The Rustamids (761-909)"
1270:List of people on stamps of Algeria
301:. The dynasty governed as a Muslim
279:
24:
2557:Algerian people of Iranian descent
2310:Card of Rustamid or Tahert Kingdom
1756:- Habib Ur Rahman G.K. Hall, 1989
390:Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath al-Khuza'i
25:
2623:
2325:. Qantara-med.org. Archived from
2305:The Encyclopedia of World History
2098:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
503:
2070:, Retrieved on 18 December 2008.
1815:, Retrieved on 18 December 2008.
532:
297:dynasty centered in present-day
234:
209:
195:
2168:
2155:
2151:. Ibn saghir. 1908. p. 19.
2139:
2085:
2061:
1986:
1956:
1925:
1894:
1328:Abd al-Wahhab ibn Abd al-Rahman
498:Abd al-Wahhab ibn Abd al-Rahman
130:Yaqzan ibn Muhammad Abil-Yaqzan
27:Persian ruling house in Algeria
2226:Bulletin of the Asia Institute
1876:. Edinburgh University Press.
1863:
1836:
1827:
1818:
1806:
1795:
1770:
1759:
1747:
1361:
1257:List of wars involving Algeria
13:
1:
1740:
2231:Wayne State University Press
1843:Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. (1971).
1777:Bosworth, C.E., ed. (1995).
7:
2547:Medieval history of Algeria
1966:Approaching African History
1251:Military history of Algeria
416:occurred as the Third Imam
10:
2628:
2552:Former countries in Africa
2188:
1993:Melton, J. Gordon (2014).
1351:Yaʿqub ibn Aflah (895-899)
339:
2383:
2195:Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987).
1682:
1680:
1678:
1666:
1662:
1656:
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1568:
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1562:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1510:
1508:
1460:
1458:
1412:
1410:
1264:Postal history of Algeria
1203:Insurgency in the Maghreb
1026:Sétif and Guelma massacre
398:conquered by the Abbasids
250:
174:
170:
160:
150:
146:
138:
134:
124:
114:
110:
102:
94:
84:
66:
56:
44:
39:
32:
2562:Iranian Muslim dynasties
1935:Concise History of Islam
1846:A history of the Maghrib
1334:Aflah ibn ʿAbdi l-Wahhab
1319:Abd al-Rahman ibn Rustam
494:Abd al-Rahman ibn Rustam
2567:Lists of office-holders
2279:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
2068:Britannica Encyclopedia
1963:Brett, Michael (2013).
1813:Britannica Encyclopedia
1277:History of North Africa
1077:Independence referendum
1016:Attack on Mers-el-Kébir
392:to suppress it in 761.
2180:10.24269/ars.v6i2.1031
559:Iberomaurusian Culture
162:• Disestablished
2587:909 disestablishments
1779:Encyclopedia of Islam
1183:High Council of State
963:(19th–20th centuries)
924:Emirate of Beni Abbas
911:(16th–19th centuries)
615:Archeology of Algeria
67:Common languages
1907:. Brill. p. 3.
733:Early African Church
714:Prefecture of Africa
698:Kingdom of the Aurès
2217:Shahbazi, A. Shapur
941:Barbary Slave Trade
722:Exarchate of Africa
690:Mauro-Roman Kingdom
487:Society and culture
458:the Kairouan-based
152:• Established
2612:Former theocracies
2572:777 establishments
2246:Talbi, M. (1995).
2046:, pp. 41, 43.
1340:Abu Bakr ibn Aflah
1246:Outline of Algeria
1154:Algerian Civil War
953:Second Barbary War
909:Regency of Algiers
441:sub-Saharan Africa
217:Emirate of Tlemcen
2529:
2528:
2372:Islamic dynasties
2286:978-90-04-09834-3
2161:John P. Entelis,
2105:978-1-4438-7514-1
2082:, pp. 43–45.
2006:978-1-61069-026-3
1976:978-1-84701-063-6
1945:978-93-82573-47-0
1914:978-90-04-35604-7
1856:978-0-521-07981-5
1738:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1720:
1702:
1640:
1626:
1610:
1538:
1492:
1442:
1315:
1314:
1227:COVID-19 pandemic
948:First Barbary War
917:Ottoman governors
777:Umayyad Caliphate
706:Kingdom of Altava
414:succession crisis
386:Abbasid Caliphate
314:Fatimid Caliphate
268:
267:
246:
245:
242:
241:
230:Fatimid Caliphate
222:
221:
203:Abbasid Caliphate
16:(Redirected from
2619:
2542:Rustamid dynasty
2365:
2358:
2351:
2342:
2341:
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2335:
2334:
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2262:Heinrichs, W. P.
2251:
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2212:
2182:
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2131:
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2077:
2071:
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2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2010:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1898:
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1840:
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1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1774:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1716:
1700:
1638:
1624:
1608:
1536:
1490:
1440:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1365:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1272:
1259:
1210:2010s to present
1125:1965 coup d'état
1109:Contemporary era
975:French governors
893:
885:
877:
869:
861:
853:
845:
837:
829:
821:
813:
805:
797:
789:
781:
773:
743:Fossatum Africae
726:
718:
710:
702:
694:
686:
678:
665:
657:
649:
640:Ancient Carthage
571:
563:
555:
536:
526:
508:
507:
374:Nafusa Mountains
281:
272:Rustamid dynasty
238:
237:
226:
225:
213:
212:
199:
198:
192:
191:
176:
175:
49:
34:Rustamid Kingdom
30:
29:
21:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2607:Former kingdoms
2532:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2379:
2369:
2332:
2330:
2321:
2287:
2254:Bosworth, C. E.
2209:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2173:
2169:
2160:
2156:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2090:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2007:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1961:
1957:
1946:
1930:
1926:
1915:
1899:
1895:
1884:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1743:
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1631:
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1615:
1607:
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1601:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1364:
1322:(Bānū-Bādūsyān)
1311:
1282:
1281:
1268:
1266:
1255:
1253:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1207:
1141:
1111:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1021:Operation Torch
1009:Cheikh Bouamama
994:Emir Abdelkader
970:French conquest
957:
936:Barbary pirates
929:Emirate of Kuku
905:
897:
896:
891:
883:
875:
867:
859:
851:
843:
835:
827:
819:
811:
803:
795:
787:
779:
771:
764:
754:
753:
752:
724:
716:
708:
700:
692:
684:
677:(146 BC–590 AD)
676:
663:
655:
647:
630:
620:
619:
610:
569:
567:Capsian culture
561:
553:
551:Aterian Culture
546:
524:
517:
506:
489:
342:
261:
257:
235:
210:
196:
163:
153:
127:
126:• 906–909
117:
116:• 777–788
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2625:
2615:
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2604:
2599:
2594:
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2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2504:(1666–present)
2499:
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2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2403:
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2360:
2353:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2302:
2291:
2285:
2258:van Donzel, E.
2243:
2213:
2207:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2167:
2154:
2138:
2126:
2122:Abun-Nasr 1987
2111:
2104:
2084:
2080:Abun-Nasr 1987
2072:
2060:
2056:Abun-Nasr 1987
2048:
2044:Abun-Nasr 1987
2036:
2032:Abun-Nasr 1987
2024:
2020:Abun-Nasr 1987
2012:
2005:
1985:
1975:
1955:
1944:
1924:
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1893:
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1242:
1240:Related topics
1239:
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1234:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1222:Hirak Movement
1219:
1213:
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1038:
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1018:
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1006:
1004:Mokrani Revolt
1001:
999:Fatma N'Soumer
996:
990:
989:
984:
978:
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972:
966:
961:French Algeria
956:
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903:
902:
899:
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894:
892:(1235–1556 AD)
886:
884:(1229–1574 AD)
878:
876:(1215–1465 AD)
870:
868:(1121–1269 AD)
862:
860:(1040–1147 AD)
854:
852:(1014–1152 AD)
846:
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830:
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695:
687:
682:Vandal Kingdom
679:
666:
661:Jugurthine War
658:
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631:
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541:
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529:
528:
519:
518:
511:
505:
504:Rustamid Imams
502:
488:
485:
454:The Rustamids
346:Ibāḍī movement
341:
338:
266:
265:
252:
248:
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2343:
2329:on 2013-09-21
2328:
2324:
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2300:
2299:0-226-89428-2
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2192:
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2171:
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2158:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2130:
2124:, p. 45.
2123:
2118:
2116:
2107:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2088:
2081:
2076:
2069:
2064:
2058:, p. 43.
2057:
2052:
2045:
2040:
2034:, p. 38.
2033:
2028:
2022:, p. 37.
2021:
2016:
2008:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1959:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1928:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1897:
1890:
1885:
1883:9780748696482
1879:
1875:
1874:
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1673:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1652:
1645:
1643:
1636:
1622:
1619:Abu al-Yaqzan
1606:
1599:
1596:
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1586:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1566:
1558:
1556:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1534:
1533:Abd al-Wahhab
1519:
1517:
1497:
1495:
1488:
1487:
1486:Abd al-Rahman
1482:Abd al-Wahhab
1469:
1467:
1447:
1445:
1438:
1437:
1434:Abd al-Rahman
1421:
1419:
1399:
1397:
1384:
1382:
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1373:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1356:
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1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1198:Peace Charter
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1188:Civil Concord
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1132:Berber Spring
1130:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1120:FFS rebellion
1118:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:Évian Accords
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
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1014:
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1007:
1005:
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1000:
997:
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992:
991:
988:
985:
983:
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979:
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951:
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914:
912:
910:
901:
900:
890:
887:
882:
879:
874:
871:
866:
863:
858:
855:
850:
847:
844:(973–1152 AD)
842:
839:
836:(970–1068 AD)
834:
831:
828:(909–1171 AD)
826:
823:
818:
815:
810:
807:
802:
799:
794:
791:
788:(742–1066 AD)
786:
783:
778:
775:
770:
769:Arab conquest
767:
766:
763:
758:
757:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
723:
720:
715:
712:
707:
704:
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691:
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629:
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581:
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568:
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560:
557:
552:
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548:
545:
540:
539:
535:
531:
530:
527:
521:
520:
515:
510:
509:
501:
499:
495:
484:
482:
478:
474:
469:
467:
466:
465:modus vivendi
461:
457:
452:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
399:
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391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
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331:
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323:
319:
315:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
293:
289:
285:
277:
273:
264:
260:
256:
253:
251:Today part of
249:
233:
231:
228:
227:
224:
218:
215:
208:
207:
204:
201:
194:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
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169:
165:
159:
155:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
123:
119:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
48:
43:
38:
31:
19:
2405:
2331:. Retrieved
2327:the original
2276:
2275:Volume VIII:
2269:
2224:
2197:
2170:
2162:
2157:
2147:
2141:
2129:
2094:
2087:
2075:
2063:
2051:
2039:
2027:
2015:
1995:
1988:
1980:
1965:
1958:
1949:
1934:
1927:
1918:
1903:
1896:
1887:
1872:
1865:
1845:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1808:
1797:
1778:
1772:
1761:
1749:
1708:
1694:
1632:
1616:
1602:
1530:
1480:
1432:
1321:
1209:
1208:
1193:Black Spring
1143:
1142:
1113:
1033:Algerian War
1031:
1030:
987:Pacification
959:
958:
907:
904:Modern times
820:(800–909 AD)
812:(789–828 AD)
804:(776–909 AD)
800:
796:(771–793 AD)
780:(703–744 AD)
772:(647–709 AD)
725:(585–698 AD)
717:(534–585 AD)
709:(578–708 AD)
701:(484–703 AD)
693:(477–578 AD)
685:(435–534 AD)
664:(111–106 BC)
656:(264–146 BC)
574:Rock art in
490:
470:
463:
453:
449:
437:trade routes
433:Tripolitania
422:
411:
382:Tripolitania
349:
343:
322:Jebel Nafusa
309:) until the
287:
283:
271:
269:
185:Succeeded by
184:
179:
2522:(1837–1969)
2516:(1711–1835)
2514:Karamanlids
2510:(1705–1957)
2498:(1549–1659)
2492:(1472–1554)
2486:(1269–1465)
2480:(1235–1556)
2474:(1229–1574)
2468:(1147–1269)
2462:(1059–1158)
2460:Khurasanids
2456:(1040–1147)
2450:(1008–1152)
2430:Sulaymanids
2400:Muhallabids
2266:Lecomte, G.
2249:"Rustamids"
2233:: 155–163.
1717:r. 894-895,
1362:Family tree
1217:Arab Spring
1094:Oujda Group
1084:Pieds-noirs
1067:1961 putsch
1062:1958 crisis
1042:Nationalism
1035:(1954–1962)
793:Muhallabids
762:Middle Ages
648:(202–46 BC)
570:(10,000 BC)
562:(20,000 BC)
554:(80,000 BC)
523:History of
445:Middle East
388:dispatched
380:in western
328:regions in
180:Preceded by
89:Ibadi Islam
2602:Kharijites
2536:Categories
2454:Almoravids
2444:(973–1148)
2420:(790–1066)
2390:(710–1019)
2333:2013-04-19
2208:0521337674
2134:Talbi 1995
1788:9004098348
1741:References
1695:Yaqzan ibn
1639:r. 895-899
1625:r. 874-894
1609:r. 872-874
1537:r. 824-872
1491:r. 788-824
1441:r. 776-788
1436:ibn Rustam
1137:1988 riots
982:Resistance
857:Almoravids
670:Mauretania
653:Punic Wars
544:Prehistory
412:In 873, a
364:tribes of
332:as far as
320:, and the
95:Government
2520:Senussids
2508:Husaynids
2490:Wattasids
2478:Zayyanids
2448:Hammadids
2438:(909–973)
2432:(814–922)
2426:(800–909)
2424:Aghlabids
2414:(788–985)
2408:(777–909)
2406:Rustamids
2402:(771–793)
2396:(757–976)
2394:Midrarids
2165:, page 14
1711:Hatim ibn
1709:Yusuf Abu
1701:r. 906-90
1635:ibn Aflah
1621:ibn Aflah
1605:ibn Aflah
1531:Aflah ibn
1342:(872-874)
1336:(824-872)
1330:(788-824)
1324:(776-788)
1164:Massacres
1114:1960s–80s
889:Ziyyanids
849:Hammadids
833:Maghrawas
817:Aghlabids
801:Rustamids
635:Phoenicia
628:Antiquity
613:Related:
601:Madghacen
460:Aghlabids
372:, in the
303:theocracy
290:) was an
288:Rostemids
284:Rustumids
280:الرستميون
85:Religion
18:Rustamids
2502:'Alawids
2484:Marinids
2466:Almohads
2436:Fatimids
2418:Ifranids
2412:Idrisids
2388:Salihids
2268:(eds.).
2219:(1993).
1713:Muhammad
1697:Muhammad
1617:Muhammad
1603:Abu Bakr
1159:Timeline
873:Marinids
865:Almohads
825:Fatimids
809:Idrisids
785:Ifranids
748:Gemellae
738:Partenia
514:a series
512:Part of
443:and the
418:Abu Bakr
394:Ifriqiya
358:Kairouan
2496:Sa'dids
2472:Hafsids
2376:Maghreb
2277:Ned–Sam
2239:4048438
2189:Sources
1920:Fazzan.
1719:899-906
881:Hafsids
645:Numidia
588:Ahaggar
584:Tassili
525:Algeria
477:Ouargla
429:Tunisia
407:imamate
403:Algeria
376:and at
370:Tripoli
368:around
340:History
318:Tunisia
311:Ismaili
307:Tagdemt
299:Algeria
295:Persian
259:Tunisia
255:Algeria
139:History
98:Imamate
79:Persian
57:Capital
40:777–909
2442:Zirids
2378:region
2297:
2283:
2264:&
2237:
2205:
2102:
2003:
1973:
1942:
1911:
1880:
1853:
1785:
1633:Ya'qub
1394:Rustam
1144:1990s–
1089:Harkis
841:Zirids
674:Africa
668:Roman
606:Jedars
596:Roknia
580:Djelfa
516:on the
456:fought
425:Tiaret
378:Zenata
366:Huwara
362:Berber
350:jama'a
334:Zawila
326:Fezzan
282:) (or
276:Arabic
142:
106:
75:Arabic
71:Berber
61:Tahert
2252:. In
2235:JSTOR
1146:2000s
439:with
354:Basra
330:Libya
292:Ibadi
263:Libya
2295:ISBN
2281:ISBN
2203:ISBN
2100:ISBN
2001:ISBN
1971:ISBN
1940:ISBN
1909:ISBN
1878:ISBN
1851:ISBN
1783:ISBN
1057:GPRA
1047:RCUA
672:and
586:and
576:Oran
481:Mzab
431:and
396:was
344:The
324:and
270:The
103:Imam
2374:in
2176:doi
1484:ibn
1178:GIA
1173:FIS
1052:FLN
356:to
352:of
166:909
156:777
2538::
2260:;
2256:;
2223:.
2114:^
1979:.
1948:.
1917:.
1886:.
582:,
578:,
496:,
483:.
447:.
336:.
286:,
278::
77:,
73:,
2364:e
2357:t
2350:v
2336:.
2318:.
2312:.
2301:.
2289:.
2273:.
2241:.
2211:.
2178::
2136:.
2108:.
2009:.
1859:.
1791:.
1306:e
1299:t
1292:v
1273:)
1267:(
1260:)
1254:(
274:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
