1881:, goddess of nature and death and daughter of the Sun. On the same night, the infant Jarilo is snatched and taken to the underworld, where Veles raises him as his own. At the time of the spring equinox, Jarilo returns across the sea from the world of the dead, bringing with him fertility and spring from the evergreen underworld into the realm of the living. He meets his sister Morana and courts her. With the beginning of summer, the two are married bringing fertility and abundance to Earth, ensuring a bountiful harvest. The union of Perun's kin and Veles' stepson brings peace between two great gods, staving off storms which could damage the harvest. After the harvest, however, Jarilo is unfaithful to his wife and she vengefully slays him, returning him to the underworld and renewing enmity between Perun and Veles. Without her husband, god of fertility and vegetation, Morana – and all of nature with her – withers and freezes in the ensuing winter. She grows into the old and dangerous goddess of darkness and frost, eventually dying by the year's end only to be reborn again with her brother in the new year.
1152:
413:
311:
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903:. The sun in its greatest strength is greeted and celebrated on this holiday. While it is the time of greatest strength of the solar current, it also marks a turning point, for the sun also begins its time of decline as the wheel of the year turns. Arguably the most important neo-druidic festival, due to the focus on the sun and its light as a symbol of divine inspiration. Neo-druid groups frequently celebrate this event at Stonehenge.
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1910:
1368:
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The pre-Christian observance obviously influenced the
Christian celebration of All Hallows' Eve, just as the Taoist festival affected the newer Buddhist Ullambana festival. Although the Christian version of All Saints' and All Souls' Days came to emphasise prayers for the dead, visits to graves, and
1850:
The idea that storms and thunder are actually divine battle is pivotal to the changing of the seasons. Dry periods are identified as chaotic results of Veles' thievery. This duality and conflict represents an opposition of the natural principles of earth, water, substance, and chaos (Veles) and of
350:
retreat, merging the four solar stations alongside their four midpoints as a unified festival cycle. Coordination eventually had the benefit of better aligning celebrations between the two neopagan groups. Gardner's first publications refer to the Celtic festivals as "May eve, August eve, November
1846:
from the heavenly domain. Perun retaliates to this challenge of the divine order by pursuing Veles, attacking with his lightning bolts from the sky. Veles taunts Perun and flees, transforming himself into various animals and hiding behind trees, houses, even people. (Lightning bolts striking down
1729:
Many of these colours are also used in the different holidays interchangeably with the others, and colour decorations are not exclusively these colours. However, it is widely believed that
Samhain has a particular association with black (and orange) only. Colour associations vary across sects and
376:
did not use Kelly's holiday names, instead simply identifying the solstices and equinoxes ("Lesser
Sabbats") by their seasons. Valiente identified the four "Greater Sabbats", or fire festivals, by the names Candlemas, May Eve, Lammas, and Hallowe'en, while also naming their Gaelic counterparts
732:
in strands of neo-druidry, this holiday is the second of three spring celebrations (the midpoint between Imbolc and
Beltane), during which light and darkness are again in balance, with light on the rise. It is a time of new beginnings and of life emerging further from the grips of winter.
1049:(in neo-druidry). It is a neopagan festival of thanksgiving for the fruits of the earth and a recognition of the need to share them to secure the blessings of the Goddess and the Gods during the coming winter months. The festival is generally considered to be a feast-centered holiday.
3107:
the sun begins to wax again and the Holly King slowly regains his strength until he once again defeats the Oak King at the summer solstice. The two are ultimately seen as essential parts of a whole, light and dark aspects of the male God, and would not exist without each other.
986:
Lammas is often referenced interchangeably with
Lughnasadh, though the two are sometimes recognised as distinct and separate holidays. While Lughnasadh has Celtic origins, Lammas is a Christian holiday, often marked with the blessing of loaves of bread by the church. The name
1352:
them. Burying and leaving offerings in the open are also common in certain circumstances. The purpose of offering is to benefit the venerated, show gratitude, and give something back, strengthening the bonds between humans and divine and between members of a community.
1209:. For Wiccans, Samhain is a time to celebrate the lives of those who have passed on, and it often involves paying respect to ancestors, family members, elders of the faith, friends, pets, and other loved ones who have died. Aligned with the contemporary observance of
4279:
Time out of time', when the barriers between this world and the next were down, the dead returned from the grave, and gods and strangers from the underworld walked abroad was a twice- yearly reality, on dates
Christianised as All Hallows' Eve and All Hallows'
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is an
English name for a Catholic holiday on the same date. Wiccans mark the holiday by baking a figure of the god in bread and eating it, to symbolise the sanctity and importance of the harvest. Celebrations vary, as not all Pagans are Wiccans. The
1221:, which is celebrated as a festival of light and fertility. Many neopagans believe that the veil between this world and the afterlife is at its thinnest point of the year at Samhain, making it easier to communicate with those who have departed.
1252:
The precise dates on which festivals are celebrated often vary to some degree, as would the related agricultural milestones of the local region. Celebrations may occur on the astrologically precise quarter and cross-quarter days, the nearest
979:, for whom the holiday is named, while others draw on more eclectic sources. While Lughnasadh is one of the most common names for the holiday in Wicca currently, in early versions of Wiccan literature, the festival is referred to as
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as rulers of the waning year and the waxing year respectively. These two figures battle endlessly with the turning of the seasons. At the summer solstice, the Holly King defeats the Oak King and commences his reign. After the
534:
were carefully aligned with the winter solstice sunrise and sunset. While commonly referred to as "Yule", after the
Germanic and later Northern European winter festival of the same name, those celebrations by
543:. Historical sources indicate those observances coinciding with the full moon of the lunisolar month following the winter solstice, ranging between January 5 and February 2 in the Gregorian calendar.
1217:, in some traditions the spirits of the departed are invited to attend the festivities. It is seen as a festival of darkness, which is balanced at the opposite point of the Wheel by the festival of
1847:
trees or homes were explained as results of this.) In the end Perun overcomes and defeats Veles, returning him to his place in the realm of the dead. Thus the order of the world is maintained.
630:
in anticipation of the year's new life. In Rome, it was historically a shepherd's holiday, while the Gaels associated it with the onset of ewes' lactation, prior to birthing the spring lambs.
816:
Midsummer, which is marked around 21 June, is one of the four solar holidays and is considered the turning point at which summer reaches its height. Some Wiccan traditions call the festival
3079:) until he is once again born from Her mother/crone aspect at Yule. The Goddess, in turn, ages and rejuvenates endlessly with the seasons, being courted by and giving birth to the
2466:
798:
Celebrated by many pagan traditions, in neo-druidry this festival recognises the power of life in its fullness, the greening of the world, youthfulness and flourishing.
1687:
and the fading of light in the darker half of the year. For
Samhain, the colour comes secondary to black, but has similar associations as in Mabon, and also represents
1627:
and the balance which nature brings. In Litha, light green is also symbolic of balance and harmony. In
Beltane, the colour has similar associations, but also of the
591:) into the home and tree decorating are also common during this time. In Roman traditions, additional festivities occur during the six days leading up to Midwinter.
7049:
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are displayed. This practice is not universal, however, and there are a wide range of ways which different sects or individuals would decorate for the sabbats.
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of Europe, a more secular version of the festival has continued in Europe and America, commonly referred to as May Day. In this form, it is well known for
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3964:
455:. They are regarded with significance and host to major communal festivals. These eight festivals are the most common times for community celebrations.
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and presages the return of fertile seasons. From Germanic to Roman tradition, this is the most important time of celebration. Midwinter is observed as
772:, 1 May, is traditionally the first day of summer in Ireland. In Rome the earliest celebrations appeared in pre-Christian times with the festival of
451:
of cycles composing the Universe. The days that fall on the landmarks of the yearly cycle traditionally mark the beginnings and middles of the four
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420:(top) and cross-quarter days (bottom) along with months (lower) and Zodiac houses (upper). The cycle of temperature (shown in pink) is delayed by
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Yellow is one of the most versatile colours, and used in a plethora of holidays. In Litha, yellow is the primary colour, and symbolic of the
995:) implies it is an agrarian-based festival and feast of thanksgiving for grain and bread, which symbolises the first fruits of the harvest.
458:
In addition to the quarter and cross-quarter days, other festivals may also be celebrated throughout the year, especially in the context of
7042:
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Exploring the northern tradition: A guide to the gods, lore, rites, and celebrations from the Norse, German, and Anglo-Saxon traditions
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animals in favour of grains, herbs, milk, wines, incense, baked goods, minerals, etc. The exception being with ritual feasts including
1205:, is the name of a traditional Gaelic festival held around 1 November. The name and date were adopted by Wiccans for one of their four
275:, the importance of agricultural and social cycles had preserved eight holidays of "the ancient British festal system", consisting of
1273:
or near the equator. Pagans in the Southern Hemisphere often advance these dates by six months to coincide with their own seasons.
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can differ greatly between Wiccan traditions. Many Wiccans draw inspirations from a wide variety of sources, such as the German
5436:
Farrar, Janet & Stewart Farrar; with line illustrations by Stewart; Farrar, photographs by Ian David & Stewart (1984).
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118:
Different paths of modern Paganism may vary regarding the precise timing of each observance, based on such distinctions as the
3709:
358:
gave names to the Wiccan summer solstice (Litha) and equinox holidays (Ostara and Mabon) in 1974, which were then promoted by
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The phrase 'Wheel of the Year' was in use by the mid-1960s to describe an annual cycle of eight observances. Prominent Wiccan
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heaven, fire, spirit, order (Perun), not a clash of good and evil. The cosmic battle between the two also echoes the ancient
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practice, nor are they an integral part to a holiday. Some practitioners do not have colour associations for sabbats at all.
518:
Midwinter, falling on or about 21 December, has been recognised as a significant turning point in the yearly cycle since the
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The annual cycle of insolation for the northern hemisphere (Sun energy, shown in blue) with key points for seasons (middle),
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the role of the living assuring the safe passage to heaven of their departed loved ones, older notions never disappeared.
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is used in some traditions to designate this holiday. Some Wiccan traditions base their celebrations on the Celtic deity
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482:. Together, they represent the most common celebrations in Wiccan-influenced forms of modern paganism, especially in
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1398:. Heathen organisations using the Wheel of the Year framework for their festival calendar include the Swedish group
1143:, a character from Welsh mythology, and has become the most commonly used name for the holiday among Wiccans today.
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5627:
225:
1261:, or the nearest weekend for contemporary convenience. The festivals were originally celebrated by peoples in the
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3535:
Drury, Nevill (2009). "The Modern Magical Revival: Esbats and Sabbats". In Pizza, Murphy; Lewis, James R (eds.).
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may add to the demarcations of the Wheel of the Year with various Days of Remembrance celebrating heroes of the
7154:
5445:
4965:
4179:
3993:; Zell-Ravenheart, Morning Glory (2006). "Book III: Wheel of the Year". In Kirsten Dalley and Artemisia (ed.).
3499:; Zell-Ravenheart, Morning Glory (2006). "Book III: Wheel of the Year". In Kirsten Dalley and Artemisia (ed.).
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35:
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435:, all things are considered to be cyclical, with time as a perpetual cycle of growth and retreat tied to the
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896:, because in both these months the calm breezes are gentle and they were wont to sail upon the smooth sea".
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adoption of Anglo-Saxon and Celtic motifs, Wheel of the Year festival names in English commonly combine the
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cyclical patterns, and a belief in the balance of light and dark, these beliefs vary between the different
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1341:, where the inedible parts of the animal are often burned as offerings while the community eats the rest.
111:") marked by many European peoples, with the four midpoint festivals ("cross-quarter days") celebrated by
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5046:
4148:
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1375:, with black text used for main terms, gray text for alternative terms, and purple for minor observances
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838:, eighth century), which preserves a list of the (then-obsolete) Anglo-Saxon names for the months of the
567:, feasting, and gift giving are common elements of Midwinter festivities. Bringing sprigs and wreaths of
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Calendar, and some also observe local festivals that are held on dates of significance in the different
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392:-derived names introduced by Kelly, regardless whether local celebrations are based on those cultures.
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1269:. Consequently, the traditional timing for seasonal celebrations do not align with the seasons in the
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duality. In this cycle, the God is perpetually born from the Goddess at Yule, grows in power at the
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It is a misconception in some quarters of the modern pagan community, influenced by the writings of
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The Spiral Dance: A Rebirth of the Ancient Religion of the Great Goddess: 20th Anniversary Edition
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Light green is used in a wide range of holidays. For Ostara, light green is symbolic of the new
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in some modern pagan traditions. The term is derived from a reconstruction produced by linguist
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streams in Britain popularised these seasonal festival calendars in the twentieth century: the
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Zell-Ravenheart, Oberon; Zell-Ravenheart, Morning Glory (2006). "7. Yule (Winter Solstice)".
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is the traditional Gaelic name for 1 February and traditionally marks the first stirrings of
241:, Scotland, where the accused witch (Issobell Smyth) was alleged to attend witches meetings "
107:
popularized the Wheel of the Year in the mid-20th century, combining the four solar events ("
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95:) and the midpoints between them. Modern pagan observances are based to varying degrees on
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Black is the primary colour of Samhain. Black symbolises the vastness and mystery of the
1422:
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1301:
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1266:
656:, this is the traditional time for pledges and rededications for the coming year and for
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57:
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example of Wheel of the Year indicating seasons of the year. Four-point and eight-point
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Bradbury, Scott (1995). "Julian's Pagan Revival and the Decline of Blood Sacrifice".
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and a connection to the spirit world. In some sects the colour represents the Sun in
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and is sometimes categorised as a minor sabbat, in contrast to the major sabbats of
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marked the four midpoints between them. The four Celtic festivals were known to the
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the Oak King slowly begins to regain his power as the sun begins to wane. Come the
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346:. Legend holds that Gardner and Nichols harmonised an eight-fold calendar during a
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The Witches' Cottage, where the Bricket Wood coven celebrated their sabbats (2006)
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5209:. New York, New York: Kensington Publishing Group. pp. 179, 183–4, 128–140.
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had an overarching narrative for the entire cycle of the year. While the various
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3397:, New York: Creative Age Press, 1948. Published in London by Faber & Faber.
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Celebration commonly takes place outdoors in the form of a communal gathering.
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Creating circles & ceremonies : rituals for all seasons & reasons
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magazine. Popularisation of these names happened gradually; in her 1978 book
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explored various European seasonal festivals and their possible pagan roots.
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The Holly King is often portrayed as a woodsy figure, similar to the modern
412:
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776:, the Roman goddess of flowers, and the Walpurgisnacht celebrations of the
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The holiday of the autumnal equinox is known variously among neopagans as
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The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy
4667:"Art as Reflection of the Rites and Rituals of Wine Consumption in Spain"
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The Spiral Dance: A Rebirth of the Ancient Religion of the Great Goddess
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The Spiral Dance: A Rebirth of the Ancient Religion of the Great Goddess
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The Spiral Dance: A Rebirth of the Ancient Religion of the Great Goddess
3115:, dressed in red with sprigs of holly in his hair and the Oak King as a
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3075:(taking with him the fertility of the Goddess/Earth, who is now in her
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Creating Circles & Ceremonies: Rituals for All Seasons And Reasons
3623:
Creating Circles & Ceremonies: Rituals for All Seasons And Reasons
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Creating Circles & Ceremonies: Rituals for All Seasons And Reasons
3035:, the narrative of the Wheel of the Year traditionally centers on the
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2175:
1834:. Enmity between the two is initiated by Veles' annual ascent up the
1582:
1565:
1403:
1334:
1305:
1254:
1210:
1164:
807:
679:
642:
604:
580:
568:
564:
527:
519:
505:
467:
448:
405:
400:
381:
364:
304:
300:
276:
258:
246:
183:
primarily marked the solar stations (solstices and equinoxes), while
5711:
5709:
5641:
4410:
4170:
Zell-Ravenheart, Oberon Zell-Ravenheart & Morning Glory (2006).
3013:
2521:
705:
48:
7123:
7103:
7078:
6981:
6778:
5812:
5397:
4544:
Mosely, Spencer; Johnson, Pauline; Koenig, Hazel (September 1962).
3852:
3596:
2895:
2781:
2776:
2761:
2731:
2661:
2506:
2135:
1915:
1878:
1870:
1856:
1801:
1628:
1598:
1497:
1462:
1367:
1319:
1258:
1080:
752:
523:
509:
347:
319:
280:
88:
76:
73:
6534:
5096:
4727:
4257:
The Making of the English Village: A Study in Historical Geography
64:
advance these dates six months to coincide with their own seasons.
7088:
5762:
5718:
4469:
4319:
Dancing Under an African Moon: Paganism and Wicca in South Africa
3136:
3072:
3060:
3048:
2952:
2771:
2751:
2666:
2546:
2526:
2511:
2200:
1585:
which is used to decorate during the holiday - it is symbolic of
1505:
1483:
1452:
1330:
1218:
1160:
1092:
957:
788:
748:
742:
683:
284:
250:
203:
195:
127:
92:
1548:
White is the primary colour of Imbolc. Like gold, it symbolises
1293:
882:
871:
859:
844:
5746:
5692:
5177:
3542:
3132:
3068:
2915:
2736:
2726:
2716:
2701:
2696:
2516:
1874:
1859:
1720:
1684:
1666:
1654:
1613:
1590:
1586:
1561:
1527:
1520:
1470:
1323:
1074:
916:
687:
638:
600:
471:
452:
292:
254:
238:
207:
4517:"Asatru Holidays - The Troth - Inclusive Asatru and Heathenry"
4344:
Sunwyse: Celebrating the Sacred Wheel of the Year in Australia
3989:
3620:
3495:
466:
traditions. While festivals of the Wheel are steeped in solar
408:
is often used to represent the modern pagan Wheel of the Year.
175:
Seasonal festival activities of pagan peoples differed across
7108:
6768:
5022:"Everything You Should Know About Ostara, the Spring Equinox"
3032:
2942:
2786:
2711:
2641:
2601:
2556:
1901:
1815:
1797:
1774:
1754:
1688:
1658:
1639:
1617:
1594:
1549:
1466:
1426:
1184:
936:
584:
572:
475:
327:
191:
187:
164:
5781:
4124:"Gardnerian Book of Shadows: The Sabbat Rituals: August Eve"
3818:
3816:
3651:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome: Volume 1
3530:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3090:, and eclectic modern pagans incorporate a narrative of the
1789:
1706:
For Ostara, pink is symbolic of the flowers and new spring.
27:
Annual cycle of seasonal festivals observed by modern pagans
7133:
7073:
7058:
6898:
5687:
2796:
2551:
1877:, god of fertility and vegetation and son of the Moon, and
1839:
1557:
1553:
1530:
flames and light. During Yule, gold is associated with the
1487:
1387:
1383:
976:
948:
821:
714:
588:
499:
152:
84:
1814:
Slavic mythology tells of a persisting conflict involving
1597:. In some traditions, dark green is representative of the
380:
Due to early Wicca's influence on modern paganism and the
5474:
5302:
Hlobil, Karel (2009). "Chapter Eleven:Slavic Mythology".
3813:
3517:
3103:
the Oak King in turn vanquishes the Holly King.After the
3044:
1650:
1531:
1190:
942:
576:
547:
436:
146:
5558:. St Paul, Minnesota: Llewellyn Worldwide. p. 219.
3491:
3489:
5333:"Time and the Indo-European Gods in the Slavic Context"
3743:
Contemporary Paganism: Listening People, Speaking Earth
3411:, Sutton Mallet, England: Green Magic, pp. 16–17,
1155:
Neopagans honoring the dead as part of a Samhain ritual
30:"Sabbat" redirects here. For other uses of Sabbat, see
4966:"Customs and Traditions of Litha, the Summer Solstice"
3825:
The Encyclopedia of Modern Witchcraft and Neo-Paganism
3704:
Selbie, John A. (1914). "Gifts (Greek and Roman)". In
801:
4785:
4783:
4432:
Krasskova, Galina; Wodening, Swain (forward) (2005).
4097:
4095:
3788:
3741:
Harvey, Graham (2000). "1: Celebrating the Seasons".
3734:
3486:
3254:
Harvey, Graham (1994). "The Roots of Pagan Ecology".
1333:
for millennia. Modern pagan practice strongly avoids
1193:
1187:
1181:
945:
939:
489:
143:
4591:"How to Celebrate Samhain: 12 Steps (with Pictures)"
3572:
Solving Stonehenge: The New Key to an Ancient Enigma
1508:
and other related symbols of the holiday. For Yule,
933:
899:
In some neo-druid traditions the festival is called
155:
149:
4543:
4188:
4174:. Franklin Lakes, NJ: New Page Books. p. 227.
3983:
1178:
930:
140:
7057:
5401:
4780:
4092:
3856:
3331:
3329:
1232:of Samhain by early Christian missionaries to the
1068:, the festival is generally considered one of the
99:, regardless of the historical practices of world
4613:
4611:
4464:
4462:
4431:
3823:Rabinovitch, Shelley T.; Lewis, James R. (2004).
3616:
3614:
3473:
1773:usually observe the four 'fire festivals' of the
1224:Some authorities claim the Christian festival of
7146:
5506:. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd. p. 80.
5368:
3822:
3794:
3359:The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles
622:. It aligns with the contemporary observance of
5581:"The Legend of the Holly King and the Oak King"
5165:
4866:"The Legend of the Holly King and the Oak King"
4539:
4537:
4169:
3326:
1855:of a fight between the sky-borne storm god and
1228:(All Saints Day) and the preceding evening are
5551:
5499:
4608:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4484:
4459:
3611:
703:of an Old High German form of the Old English
163:) to refer to each festival, represented as a
7043:
5797:
5657:
5526:
5223:
5198:
4673:, Liverpool University Press, pp. 6–16,
3885:
3863:(1989 revised ed.). New York, New York:
3711:Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, Volume 6
3400:
2994:
2541:
1465:to a greater extent). It also represents the
1344:Sacrifices are typically offered to gods and
1322:, various objects, etc. have been central in
550:'s ebbing presence in the sky symbolises the
5468:
5460:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5435:
5376:. London: Aquarian Press. pp. 162–200.
4534:
4492:"Årets högtider, Samfundet Forn Sed Sverige"
4222:. University of Illinois Press. p. 66.
3300:
3249:
3247:
3131:, quarterly periods (usually three days) of
1605:for dominance in the next half of the year.
5766:
5744:
5722:
5696:
5615:Celebrating the Seasons at Circle Sanctuary
5148:"10 Things You Need to Know About Paganism"
4791:"Celebrating the Imbolc Sabbat, February 2"
4576:
4346:. Victoria, Australia: Hihorse Publishing.
4247:
3795:Chadwick, Nora K.; Cunliffe, Barry (1970).
1425:, for each holiday on the wheel, different
1136:
1043:
1035:
1027:
960:festival held on or around 1 August, while
832:
637:, the festival is dedicated to the goddess
7050:
7036:
7002:
5804:
5790:
5664:
5650:
5477:Eight Sabbats for Witches, revised edition
4941:"History of the Pagan Beltane Celebration"
4365:
4363:
4321:. Cape Town: Zebra Press. pp. 79–86.
3697:
3001:
2987:
1552:and candle flames. It also symbolises the
667:
5353:
5297:
5295:
5253:
5251:
4891:"Celebrate Ostara With Rites and Rituals"
4816:"History of the Pagan Imbolc Celebration"
4341:
4296:. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
4209:
3597:"Jul, disting och förkyrklig tideräkning"
3574:. Thames & Hudson. pp. 252–253.
3309:"Paganism, part 3: the Wheel of the Year"
3244:
3168:, year's divisions in China and East Asia
3059:), courts and impregnates the Goddess at
998:
888:) to July. Bede writes that "Litha means
5625:Festival Calendar for the Indo-Europeans
5531:. Indianapolis, IN: Alpha. p. 121.
5396:
5229:
5204:
4664:
4396:
3891:
3851:
3845:
3763:
3644:
3642:
3594:
3588:
3349:
3347:
3306:
3012:
1788:
1390:and figures of Germanic history such as
1366:
1280:
1150:
1146:
541:Christianisation of the Germanic peoples
447:of other life cycles in an immeasurable
411:
399:
377:Imbolc, Beltane, Lughnasa, and Samhain.
309:
47:
5583:. paganwiccan.about.com. Archived from
5264:The Oxford Companion to World Mythology
5257:
5232:Complete Idiot's Guide to Celtic Wisdom
4989:
4378:. Ár nDraíocht Féin: A Druid Fellowship
4360:
4253:
3799:. Harmondsworth: Penguin. p. 181.
3648:
3569:
3456:
3435:. London: Neville Spearman. p. 98.
3361:, Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 337–341,
3335:
1247:
14:
7147:
5555:Encyclopedia of Wicca & Witchcraft
5529:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Paganism
5431:
5429:
5374:Wicca: The Old Religion in the New Age
5324:
5301:
5292:
5248:
5207:Bonewits's Essential Guide to Druidism
5171:
4841:"Wiccan Wheel of the Year; Robin Wood"
4436:. Franklin Lakes, NJ: New Page Books.
4260:. Longman Scientific & Technical.
3919:"Eostre and the Matronae Austriahenae"
3916:
3910:
3740:
3703:
3406:
3353:
3253:
3151:List of neo-pagan festivals and events
1665:and the Sun. In Ostara, it represents
1356:
906:
7031:
5785:
5671:
5645:
5610:Astronomical cusps and pagan holidays
5578:
5408:. San Francisco: HarperOne. pp.
4617:
4219:Women's History in Global Perspective
4215:
3997:. Book-Mart Press. pp. 203–206.
3639:
3601:Acta Academiae Regiae Gustavi Adolphi
3534:
3447:About Naming Ostara, Litha, and Mabon
3439:
3430:
3344:
865:) roughly corresponds to June in the
594:
351:eve (Hallowe'en), and February eve".
237:, including a 1661 trial record from
5330:
4738:"Make Magic With the Colors of Yule"
4294:Witchcraft and Paganism in Australia
4291:
4043:
3769:
2823:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
1884:
1818:, god of thunder and lightning, and
736:
5426:
5047:"5 Easy Decorating Ideas for Mabon"
4665:Habegger, Kimberly (1 April 2023),
4316:
3017:Painted Wheel of the Year from the
1873:), two children of Perun are born,
1581:In Yule, dark green symbolises the
802:Summer Solstice (Midsummer / Litha)
721:, which he equated to April in the
24:
5475:Farrar, Janet and Stewart (1988).
4916:"10 Great Ways to Celebrate Litha"
4369:
3894:The Holy Book of Women's Mysteries
3625:. Career Press. pp. 250–252.
3433:Witchcraft, the Sixth Sense—and Us
1842:and his ultimate theft of Perun's
1653:, joy and light. In Lughnasadh or
1564:, along with other symbols of the
626:. It is time for purification and
490:Winter Solstice (Midwinter / Yule)
25:
7201:
5603:
5072:"How to Set Up Your Ostara Altar"
4990:Unknown, Unknown (7 March 2013).
4078:Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids
4023:Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids
3969:Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids
3683:Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids
3538:Handbook of Contemporary Paganism
3055:(as does the Goddess, now in her
443:. This cycle is also viewed as a
336:Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids
7012:
7011:
7001:
5503:A Popular Dictionary of Paganism
5234:. Alpha Press. pp. 12, 51.
4992:"Celebrating Lammas, August 1st"
3917:Sermon, Richard (3 April 2022).
3679:"Winter Solstice - Alban Arthan"
3503:. Book-Mart Press. p. 192.
3256:Journal of Contemporary Religion
3071:, passes into the underworld at
2206:Spellwork / Incantation
1908:
1804:-shaped wheels were more common.
1771:preservationists and revivalists
1683:In Mabon, orange represents the
1526:For Imbolc, gold is symbolic of
1473:in the ‘dark half’ of the year.
1174:
926:
791:dancing and the crowning of the
226:The Witch-Cult in Western Europe
136:
6864:English and British regnal year
5572:
5545:
5520:
5493:
5390:
5362:
5140:
5115:
5089:
5064:
5039:
5014:
4983:
4958:
4933:
4908:
4883:
4858:
4833:
4808:
4763:"Imbolc Traditions and Customs"
4755:
4701:
4658:
4509:
4450:
4425:
4390:
4335:
4310:
4285:
4163:
4141:
4116:
4066:
4037:
4011:
3957:
3892:Budapest, Zsuzsanna E. (1980).
3671:
3563:
2963:Witchcraft Research Association
2482:Witchcraft Research Association
1492:In Beltane, red is symbolic of
1402:, the American inclusive group
38:. For the song by GFriend, see
4671:Rites, Rituals & Religions
4562:10.1080/00119253.1962.10545389
3649:Gagarin, Michael (2010). "S".
3483:. London: Robert Hale Limited.
3424:
3387:
3374:
3307:Williams, Liz (29 July 2013).
3274:
2938:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic
2283:Holly King / Oak King
1512:, prosperity and good tidings
1135:around 1970 as a reference to
460:polytheistic reconstructionism
388:names used by Gardner and the
36:Wheel of time (disambiguation)
13:
1:
5811:
5440:. New York: Magickal Childe.
5097:"How to Celebrate Mabon 2024"
4342:Bodsworth, Roxanne T (2003).
3935:10.1080/0015587X.2021.1959143
3237:
1733:
4713:www.goddessandgreenman.co.uk
3172:
3158:, metaphor for a variety of
1657:, yellow is symbolic of the
1510:red is symbolic of abundance
1276:
395:
372:, influential Wiccan author
7:
4198:. New York, Harper and Row
4105:. New York, Harper and Row
4046:Bede, the reckoning of time
3464:Enough With the Mabon Hate!
3382:Reliquiae Antiquae Scoticae
3122:
2450:New Reformed Orthodox Order
2328:Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca
1314:Ritual of oak and mistletoe
1239:
956:) is the Gaelic name for a
179:. Among the British Isles,
10:
7206:
5341:Studia Mythologica Slavica
5123:"13 Magical Colors to Use"
4709:"Beltane April 30 - May 1"
4254:Roberts, Brian K. (1987).
4206:pp.193-6 (revised edition)
4113:pp.191-2 (revised edition)
4050:Liverpool University Press
4044:Beda, Venerabilis (1999).
3595:Nordberg, Andreas (2006).
3063:, reaches his peak at the
3024:
2467:SpiralScouts International
2435:Church and School of Wicca
2420:Aquarian Tabernacle Church
2348:Church and School of Wicca
1807:
1742:
1631:and raw energy of nature.
1416:
1400:Samfundet Forn Sed Sverige
1360:
1291:
1158:
1002:
910:
805:
746:
740:
717:, feasts were held in her
677:
671:
608:
598:
503:
493:
213:Influential works such as
170:
29:
7069:
6997:
6938:
6802:
6756:
6745:
6715:
6672:
6607:
6410:
6356:
6323:
5917:
5906:
5845:
5819:
5679:
4372:"The Nature of Sacrifice"
4216:Smith, Bonnie G. (2004).
4074:"Deeper into Alban Hefin"
3965:"Deeper into Alban Eilir"
3570:Johnson, Anthony (2008).
3407:Lamond, Frederic (2004),
3380:Kinloch, George Ritchie.
3268:10.1080/13537909408580720
2830:The Meaning of Witchcraft
1784:
1738:
1719:Brown is symbolic of the
79:, observed by a range of
34:. For Wheel of time, see
7175:1950s in modern paganism
5205:Bonewits, Isaac (2006).
4546:"Paper Decorating Ideas"
3479:Valiente, Doreen. 1978.
3466:Under the Ancient Oaks.
3336:Gardner, Gerald (1954).
3189:Welsh seasonal festivals
3027:Wiccan views of divinity
2597:Wiccan views of divinity
2472:Universal Eclectic Wicca
2398:Universal Eclectic Wicca
1023:Feast of the Ingathering
552:rebirth of the solar god
271:suggested that, despite
233:examined reports of the
5932:Assamese (Bhāshkarābda)
5710:
5630:11 January 2021 at the
5552:Raven Grimassi (2000).
5500:Joanne Pearson (2002).
5272:Oxford University Press
5258:Leeming, David (2005).
5230:McColman, Carl (2003).
5172:Hutton, Ronald (1993).
4620:"Notes: From "Samhain""
4496:www.samfundetfornsed.se
4405:(4 (Winter)): 331–356.
3991:Zell-Ravenheart, Oberon
3724:Charles Scribner's Sons
3655:Oxford University Press
3497:Zell-Ravenheart, Oberon
3481:Witchcraft For Tomorrow
3431:Glass, Justine (1965).
3092:Holly King and Oak King
3041:the God and the Goddess
2891:Cunning folk in Britain
2477:Wiccan Church of Canada
2445:Covenant of the Goddess
1853:Indo-European narrative
883:
872:
860:
845:
840:early Germanic calendar
713:for whom, according to
668:Spring Equinox (Ostara)
370:Witchcraft For Tomorrow
87:'s chief solar events (
40:Walpurgis Night (album)
32:Sabbat (disambiguation)
7063:religion and mythology
6963:Dungeons & Dragons
6369:Ethiopian and Eritrean
5767:
5745:
5723:
5697:
5527:Carl McColman (2002).
5479:. Phoenix Publishing.
5355:10.3986/sms.v11i0.1691
4679:10.2307/j.ctv36tpj3q.7
4194:Starhawk (1979, 1989)
4101:Starhawk (1979, 1989)
3453:. Accessed 8 May 2019.
3449:. Including Paganism.
3288:(Podcast). 1 June 2007
3022:
2687:Magical tools in Wicca
2061:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti
1805:
1723:and changing seasons.
1685:changing of the season
1396:parts of North America
1376:
1289:
1156:
1137:
1044:
1036:
1028:
999:Autumn Equinox (Mabon)
833:
820:, a name occurring in
478:are commonly based on
428:In many traditions of
425:
409:
315:
72:is an annual cycle of
65:
7155:Modern pagan holidays
6975:The Lord of the Rings
6682:Hanke–Henry Permanent
4618:Yeats, W. B. (1902).
4019:"Deeper Into Beltane"
3282:"Druidcast Episode 1"
3025:Further information:
3016:
2858:Charge of the Goddess
2462:The Rowan Tree Church
2243:Solitary practitioner
2161:Drawing down the Moon
2091:Cerridwen Fallingstar
1961:Witch-cult hypothesis
1792:
1370:
1284:
1154:
1147:Samhain (All Hallows)
827:The Reckoning of Time
560:among modern Druids.
415:
403:
313:
235:European witch trials
124:geographic hemisphere
60:. Some Pagans in the
51:
5331:Lyle, Emily (2008).
5182:Blackwell publishing
4470:"Runic Era Calender"
4292:Hume, Lynne (1997).
4128:www.sacred-texts.com
3831:. pp. 232–233.
3782:Alexander and Caesar
3409:Fifty Years of Wicca
3286:druidcast.libsyn.com
3067:, wanes in power at
3019:Museum of Witchcraft
2412:Wiccan organisations
2323:Central Valley Wicca
1438:Holiday/Time of Year
1248:Dates of celebration
654:Reclaiming tradition
563:Practices vary, but
546:The reversal of the
539:likely followed the
445:micro- and macrocosm
6687:International Fixed
6625:Proleptic Gregorian
6246:Slavic Native Faith
5637:Atheopagan Sabbaths
5587:on 29 November 2016
4317:Vos, Donna (2002).
3357:(8 December 1993),
3218:Macedonian calendar
3141:liturgical calendar
2932:Malleus Maleficarum
2901:European witchcraft
2430:Children of Artemis
1695:when Yule arrives.
1601:, who conquers the
1357:Heathen observances
1318:Offerings of food,
1302:Sacrificium Romanam
1271:Southern Hemisphere
1267:Northern Hemisphere
1108:, and the American
907:Lughnasadh (Lammas)
834:De Temporum Ratione
711:Anglo-Saxon goddess
565:sacrifice offerings
484:Neopagan witchcraft
221:James George Frazer
62:Southern Hemisphere
58:Northern Hemisphere
6357:Christian variants
5579:Wigington, Patti.
5268:New York, New York
4624:All Ireland Review
3549:. pp. 63–67.
3384:. Edinburgh, 1848.
3208:Hellenic calendars
3162:spiritual concepts
3023:
2865:Enchanted Feminism
2452:of the Golden Dawn
2051:Zsuzsanna Budapest
1944:Bricket Wood coven
1939:Etymology of Wicca
1806:
1753:, that historical
1421:According to some
1377:
1290:
1157:
1096:. Celebrations of
867:Gregorian calendar
695:is a name for the
595:Imbolc (Candlemas)
426:
410:
324:Bricket Wood coven
316:
303:(31 October), and
206:(1 November), and
66:
7142:
7141:
7129:Wheel of the Year
7025:
7024:
7007:List of calendars
6934:
6933:
6633:historiographical
6500:French Republican
6406:
6405:
6164:Manipuri (Meitei)
5779:
5778:
5673:Wheel of the Year
5620:Sun Moon calendar
5317:978-1-92-658247-4
4845:www.robinwood.com
4688:978-1-78284-789-2
4267:978-0-582-30143-6
4229:978-0-252-02931-8
4080:. 18 January 2012
4025:. 18 January 2012
3971:. 18 January 2012
3896:. Wingbow Press.
3728:T. & T. Clark
3685:. 10 January 2012
3664:978-0-19517-072-6
3581:978-0-500-05155-9
3395:The White Goddess
3196:Germanic calendar
3145:Western Christian
3011:
3010:
2502:Wheel of the Year
2308:Alexandrian Wicca
2154:Rites and rituals
2066:Patricia Crowther
1955:Dettmer v. Landon
1885:Wicca and Druidry
1838:in the form of a
1727:
1726:
1644:Lughnasadh/Lammas
1005:September equinox
737:Beltane (May Eve)
537:Germanic heathens
441:death and rebirth
342:group founded by
330:group founded by
264:The White Goddess
105:British neopagans
70:Wheel of the Year
54:Wheel of the Year
16:(Redirected from
7197:
7160:Time in religion
7052:
7045:
7038:
7029:
7028:
7015:
7014:
7005:
7004:
6869:Human (Holocene)
6854:Chinese Imperial
6754:
6753:
6674:Reform proposals
6629:Proleptic Julian
6391:Eastern Orthodox
6021:Germanic heathen
5999:Earthly Branches
5915:
5914:
5806:
5799:
5792:
5783:
5782:
5772:
5754:Autumnal equinox
5750:
5728:
5715:
5702:
5666:
5659:
5652:
5643:
5642:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5592:
5576:
5570:
5569:
5549:
5543:
5542:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5497:
5491:
5490:
5472:
5466:
5465:
5459:
5451:
5433:
5424:
5423:
5407:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5370:Vivianne Crowley
5366:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5337:
5328:
5322:
5321:
5299:
5290:
5289:
5255:
5246:
5245:
5227:
5221:
5220:
5202:
5196:
5195:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5144:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5093:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5032:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4998:. Archived from
4987:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4926:
4912:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4837:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4787:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4734:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4636:10.2307/20546256
4615:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4587:
4574:
4573:
4541:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4466:
4457:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4367:
4358:
4357:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4276:
4274:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4238:
4236:
4213:
4207:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4151:. etymonline.com
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4120:
4114:
4099:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4015:
4009:
4008:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3862:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3820:
3811:
3810:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3749:. pp. 6–8.
3738:
3732:
3731:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3646:
3637:
3636:
3618:
3609:
3608:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3547:Brill Publishers
3532:
3515:
3514:
3493:
3484:
3477:
3471:
3460:
3454:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3404:
3398:
3391:
3385:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3351:
3342:
3341:
3338:Witchcraft Today
3333:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3251:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2968:Witches' Sabbath
2851:Witchcraft Today
2837:The Spiral Dance
2440:Circle Sanctuary
2353:Cochrane's Craft
2333:Gardnerian Wicca
2131:Silver RavenWolf
2081:Scott Cunningham
2071:Vivianne Crowley
2041:Raymond Buckland
1949:New Forest coven
1934:History of Wicca
1927:History of Wicca
1918:
1912:
1889:
1888:
1810:Slavic mythology
1759:Celtic calendars
1745:Celtic mythology
1713:
1575:
1504:, as well as of
1480:
1448:
1432:
1431:
1423:pagan traditions
1371:Holidays of the
1363:Heathen holidays
1263:middle latitudes
1200:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1142:
1121:harvest festival
1047:
1039:
1031:
991:(contraction of
955:
954:
951:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
886:
875:
863:
848:
836:
785:Christianisation
647:Tuatha Dé Danann
635:Celtic neopagans
404:The eight-armed
299:(29 September),
273:Christianisation
257:(1 August), and
216:The Golden Bough
162:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
21:
7205:
7204:
7200:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7195:
7194:
7145:
7144:
7143:
7138:
7065:
7056:
7026:
7021:
6993:
6930:
6884:Nirayana system
6810:Ab urbe condita
6798:
6750:
6748:
6741:
6720:
6718:
6711:
6668:
6619:anthropological
6603:
6402:
6386:Liturgical year
6352:
6319:
5911:
5909:
5902:
5841:
5815:
5810:
5780:
5775:
5732:Summer solstice
5675:
5670:
5632:Wayback Machine
5606:
5601:
5600:
5590:
5588:
5577:
5573:
5566:
5550:
5546:
5539:
5525:
5521:
5514:
5498:
5494:
5487:
5473:
5469:
5453:
5452:
5448:
5438:A witches bible
5434:
5427:
5420:
5395:
5391:
5384:
5367:
5363:
5335:
5329:
5325:
5318:
5308:Insomniac Press
5300:
5293:
5286:
5256:
5249:
5242:
5228:
5224:
5217:
5203:
5199:
5192:
5184:. p. 145.
5170:
5166:
5156:
5154:
5152:Learn Religions
5146:
5145:
5141:
5131:
5129:
5127:Learn Religions
5121:
5120:
5116:
5106:
5104:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5080:
5078:
5076:Learn Religions
5070:
5069:
5065:
5055:
5053:
5051:Learn Religions
5045:
5044:
5040:
5030:
5028:
5026:Learn Religions
5020:
5019:
5015:
5005:
5003:
5002:on 24 June 2024
4996:Learn Religions
4988:
4984:
4974:
4972:
4970:Learn Religions
4964:
4963:
4959:
4949:
4947:
4945:Learn Religions
4939:
4938:
4934:
4924:
4922:
4920:Learn Religions
4914:
4913:
4909:
4899:
4897:
4895:Learn Religions
4889:
4888:
4884:
4874:
4872:
4870:Learn Religions
4864:
4863:
4859:
4849:
4847:
4839:
4838:
4834:
4824:
4822:
4820:Learn Religions
4814:
4813:
4809:
4799:
4797:
4795:Learn Religions
4789:
4788:
4781:
4771:
4769:
4767:Learn Religions
4761:
4760:
4756:
4746:
4744:
4742:Learn Religions
4736:
4735:
4728:
4718:
4716:
4707:
4706:
4702:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4663:
4659:
4630:(35): 574–576.
4616:
4609:
4599:
4597:
4589:
4588:
4577:
4542:
4535:
4525:
4523:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4500:
4498:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4475:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4460:
4455:
4451:
4444:
4430:
4426:
4411:10.2307/1088885
4395:
4391:
4381:
4379:
4368:
4361:
4354:
4340:
4336:
4329:
4315:
4311:
4304:
4290:
4286:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4252:
4248:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4214:
4210:
4193:
4189:
4182:
4168:
4164:
4154:
4152:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4132:
4130:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4100:
4093:
4083:
4081:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4060:
4042:
4038:
4028:
4026:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4005:
3988:
3984:
3974:
3972:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3915:
3911:
3904:
3890:
3886:
3879:
3850:
3846:
3839:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3793:
3789:
3768:
3764:
3757:
3739:
3735:
3706:Hastings, James
3702:
3698:
3688:
3686:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3665:
3657:. p. 231.
3647:
3640:
3633:
3619:
3612:
3593:
3589:
3582:
3568:
3564:
3557:
3545:, Netherlands:
3533:
3518:
3511:
3494:
3487:
3478:
3474:
3462:Beckett, John.
3461:
3457:
3444:
3440:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3405:
3401:
3393:Robert Graves,
3392:
3388:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3352:
3345:
3334:
3327:
3317:
3315:
3305:
3301:
3291:
3289:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3252:
3245:
3240:
3230:Roman festivals
3184:Gaelic calendar
3179:Celtic calendar
3175:
3160:Native American
3125:
3101:winter solstice
3065:summer solstice
3037:sacred marriage
3029:
3007:
2978:
2977:
2911:Flying ointment
2881:
2880:
2871:
2870:
2844:What Witches Do
2817:
2816:
2807:
2806:
2792:Theban alphabet
2722:Book of Shadows
2682:
2681:
2672:
2671:
2582:Wiccan morality
2577:
2576:
2567:
2566:
2497:
2496:
2487:
2486:
2457:Panthean Temple
2451:
2415:
2414:
2403:
2402:
2318:Blue Star Wicca
2303:
2302:
2293:
2292:
2263:
2262:
2253:
2252:
2231:Rite of passage
2196:Herbal medicine
2156:
2155:
2146:
2145:
2126:Frederic Lamond
2121:Philip Heselton
2076:Robert Cochrane
2056:Charles Cardell
2046:Eddie Buczynski
2016:Victor Anderson
1986:Doreen Valiente
1976:
1975:
1974:Notable figures
1966:
1965:
1929:
1928:
1919:
1914:
1887:
1812:
1787:
1767:Celtic cultures
1747:
1741:
1736:
1711:
1583:evergreen fauna
1573:
1502:sex and passion
1478:
1471:fading of light
1446:
1419:
1411:Ásatrú Alliance
1394:, who explored
1373:Ásatrú Alliance
1365:
1359:
1316:
1279:
1250:
1242:
1226:All Hallows Day
1215:Day of the Dead
1207:Greater Sabbats
1177:
1173:
1167:
1159:Main articles:
1149:
1139:Mabon ap Modron
1127:while the name
1116:draws from the
1007:
1001:
929:
925:
919:
911:Main articles:
909:
814:
812:Summer solstice
806:Main articles:
804:
759:
757:Walpurgis Night
745:
739:
723:Julian calendar
719:eponymous month
690:
676:
670:
645:and one of the
628:spring cleaning
613:
607:
599:Main articles:
597:
516:
502:
496:Winter solstice
494:Main articles:
492:
398:
374:Doreen Valiente
307:(25 December).
231:Margaret Murray
173:
139:
135:
97:folk traditions
45:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7203:
7193:
7192:
7190:Spring equinox
7187:
7182:
7180:Autumn equinox
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7055:
7054:
7047:
7040:
7032:
7023:
7022:
7020:
7019:
7009:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6991:
6979:
6967:
6955:
6942:
6940:
6936:
6935:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6928:
6923:
6922:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6859:Chinese Minguo
6856:
6851:
6849:Before Present
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6817:
6812:
6806:
6804:
6800:
6799:
6797:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6760:
6758:
6751:
6746:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6723:
6721:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6678:
6676:
6670:
6669:
6667:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6655:
6654:
6646:
6645:
6644:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6622:
6621:
6620:
6611:
6609:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6543:
6542:
6537:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6441:
6440:
6435:
6425:
6420:
6414:
6412:
6408:
6407:
6404:
6403:
6401:
6400:
6395:
6394:
6393:
6383:
6382:
6381:
6371:
6366:
6360:
6358:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6350:
6349:
6348:
6346:Calendar round
6343:
6333:
6327:
6325:
6321:
6320:
6318:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6276:
6275:
6270:
6260:
6255:
6254:
6253:
6248:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6217:
6216:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6135:
6134:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6108:
6107:
6102:
6092:
6091:
6090:
6082:
6081:
6080:
6075:
6074:
6073:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6049:
6048:
6043:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6017:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6004:Heavenly Stems
6001:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5975:
5974:
5964:
5963:
5962:
5957:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5918:
5912:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5849:
5847:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5823:
5821:
5817:
5816:
5809:
5808:
5801:
5794:
5786:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5760:
5751:
5738:
5729:
5716:
5706:Vernal equinox
5703:
5690:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5669:
5668:
5661:
5654:
5646:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5605:
5604:External links
5602:
5599:
5598:
5571:
5564:
5544:
5537:
5519:
5512:
5492:
5485:
5467:
5446:
5425:
5418:
5389:
5382:
5361:
5323:
5316:
5291:
5284:
5247:
5240:
5222:
5215:
5197:
5190:
5164:
5139:
5114:
5088:
5063:
5038:
5013:
4982:
4957:
4932:
4907:
4882:
4857:
4832:
4807:
4779:
4754:
4726:
4715:. 25 July 2022
4700:
4687:
4657:
4607:
4575:
4533:
4508:
4483:
4458:
4449:
4442:
4424:
4389:
4370:Thomas, Kirk.
4359:
4352:
4334:
4327:
4309:
4302:
4284:
4266:
4246:
4228:
4208:
4187:
4180:
4162:
4140:
4115:
4091:
4065:
4058:
4052:. p. 54.
4036:
4010:
4003:
3982:
3956:
3929:(2): 139–157.
3909:
3902:
3884:
3877:
3865:Harper and Row
3844:
3837:
3812:
3805:
3787:
3778:Parallel Lives
3773:Life of Caesar
3762:
3755:
3733:
3730:. p. 212.
3696:
3670:
3663:
3638:
3631:
3610:
3587:
3580:
3562:
3555:
3516:
3509:
3485:
3472:
3470:. 11 Sep 2018.
3455:
3445:Kelly, Aidan.
3438:
3423:
3417:
3399:
3386:
3373:
3367:
3355:Hutton, Ronald
3343:
3340:. p. 147.
3325:
3299:
3273:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3225:Roman calendar
3222:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3213:Attic calendar
3205:
3204:
3203:
3201:Runic calendar
3193:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3163:
3156:Medicine wheel
3153:
3148:
3124:
3121:
3105:spring equinox
3097:Autumn equinox
3053:vernal equinox
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2928:
2926:LGBT and Wicca
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:Witch's ladder
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2742:Chalice/Goblet
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2632:The Summerland
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2378:Odyssean Wicca
2375:
2373:Georgian Wicca
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2338:1734 Tradition
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:Mother goddess
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2268:Triple Goddess
2264:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2237:Eko Eko Azarak
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2106:Raven Grimassi
2103:
2101:Stewart Farrar
2098:
2093:
2088:
2086:Phyllis Curott
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1996:Maxine Sanders
1993:
1988:
1983:
1981:Gerald Gardner
1977:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1905:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1886:
1883:
1786:
1783:
1779:Celtic nations
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1725:
1724:
1717:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1681:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1647:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1621:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1579:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1524:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1490:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1455:
1450:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1418:
1415:
1361:Main article:
1358:
1355:
1278:
1275:
1257:, the nearest
1249:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1230:appropriations
1148:
1145:
1131:was coined by
1003:Main article:
1000:
997:
908:
905:
803:
800:
741:Main article:
738:
735:
697:spring equinox
672:Main article:
669:
666:
662:Dianic Wiccans
641:, daughter of
596:
593:
520:late Stone Age
491:
488:
474:, many Wiccan
397:
394:
332:Gerald Gardner
279:(2 February),
261:(1 November).
249:(2 February),
210:(1 February).
188:Celtic peoples
177:ancient Europe
172:
169:
167:in the Wheel.
113:Insular Celtic
83:, marking the
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7202:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7152:
7150:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7071:
7068:
7064:
7060:
7053:
7048:
7046:
7041:
7039:
7034:
7033:
7030:
7018:
7010:
7008:
7000:
6999:
6996:
6989:
6988:
6983:
6980:
6977:
6976:
6971:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6959:
6956:
6953:
6952:
6947:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6937:
6927:
6924:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6901:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6834:Anno Martyrum
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6807:
6805:
6801:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6755:
6752:
6749:and numbering
6744:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6714:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6675:
6671:
6665:
6664:'Pataphysical
6662:
6660:
6657:
6652:
6651:
6650:
6647:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6637:
6632:
6631:
6630:
6626:
6623:
6618:
6617:
6616:
6613:
6612:
6610:
6606:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6579:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6532:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6433:Tōnalpōhualli
6431:
6430:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6409:
6399:
6396:
6392:
6389:
6388:
6387:
6384:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6355:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6322:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6243:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6215:
6212:
6211:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6187:Vikram Samvat
6185:
6183:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6133:
6130:
6129:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6096:
6093:
6088:
6087:
6086:
6083:
6079:
6076:
6071:
6070:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6041:Vikram Samvat
6039:
6038:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5996:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5968:
5965:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5945:
5944:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5916:
5913:
5905:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5844:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5818:
5814:
5807:
5802:
5800:
5795:
5793:
5788:
5787:
5784:
5771:
5770:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5755:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5707:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5678:
5674:
5667:
5662:
5660:
5655:
5653:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5629:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5586:
5582:
5575:
5567:
5565:9781567182576
5561:
5557:
5556:
5548:
5540:
5538:9780028642666
5534:
5530:
5523:
5515:
5513:9780700715916
5509:
5505:
5504:
5496:
5488:
5486:0-919345-26-3
5482:
5478:
5471:
5463:
5457:
5449:
5443:
5439:
5432:
5430:
5421:
5419:9780062516329
5415:
5411:
5406:
5405:
5399:
5393:
5385:
5383:9780850307375
5379:
5375:
5371:
5365:
5356:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5342:
5334:
5327:
5319:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5298:
5296:
5287:
5285:0-19-515669-2
5281:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5260:"A-Z Entries"
5254:
5252:
5243:
5241:0-02-864417-4
5237:
5233:
5226:
5218:
5216:0-8065-2710-2
5212:
5208:
5201:
5193:
5191:0-631-18946-7
5187:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5168:
5153:
5149:
5143:
5128:
5124:
5118:
5103:. 22 May 2024
5102:
5098:
5092:
5077:
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5067:
5052:
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5027:
5023:
5017:
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4993:
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4921:
4917:
4911:
4896:
4892:
4886:
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4867:
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4784:
4768:
4764:
4758:
4743:
4739:
4733:
4731:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4690:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4661:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4625:
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4614:
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4584:
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4463:
4453:
4445:
4443:9781435658943
4439:
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4408:
4404:
4400:
4393:
4377:
4373:
4366:
4364:
4355:
4353:9780909223038
4349:
4345:
4338:
4330:
4328:9781868726530
4324:
4320:
4313:
4305:
4303:9780522847826
4299:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4269:
4263:
4259:
4258:
4250:
4243:
4231:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4212:
4205:
4204:0-06-250814-8
4201:
4197:
4191:
4183:
4177:
4173:
4166:
4150:
4149:"Lammas (n.)"
4144:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4112:
4111:0-06-250814-8
4108:
4104:
4098:
4096:
4079:
4075:
4069:
4061:
4059:9781846312663
4055:
4051:
4048:. Liverpool:
4047:
4040:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4006:
4004:1-56414-864-5
4000:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3913:
3905:
3903:0-914728-67-9
3899:
3895:
3888:
3880:
3878:0-06-250814-8
3874:
3870:
3866:
3861:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3840:
3838:0-8065-2407-3
3834:
3830:
3829:Citadel Press
3826:
3819:
3817:
3808:
3806:0-14-021211-6
3802:
3798:
3791:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3766:
3758:
3756:0-8147-3549-5
3752:
3748:
3744:
3737:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3700:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3666:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3645:
3643:
3634:
3632:1-56414-864-5
3628:
3624:
3617:
3615:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3591:
3583:
3577:
3573:
3566:
3558:
3556:9789004163737
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3512:
3510:1-56414-864-5
3506:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3490:
3482:
3476:
3469:
3465:
3459:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3418:0-9547230-1-5
3414:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3390:
3383:
3377:
3370:
3368:0-631-18946-7
3364:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3339:
3332:
3330:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3250:
3248:
3243:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3117:fertility god
3114:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3088:modern Druids
3086:Many Wiccan,
3084:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3057:maiden aspect
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3020:
3015:
3004:
2999:
2997:
2992:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2973:Witching hour
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2875:
2874:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2680:Paraphernalia
2676:
2675:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2637:Reincarnation
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2592:Rule of Three
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2571:
2570:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2491:
2490:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2425:Coven Celeste
2423:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2358:Coven of Atho
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2257:
2256:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2191:Cone of power
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2181:Fivefold kiss
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2141:Joseph Wilson
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:Jack Bracelin
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1844:divine cattle
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1751:Robert Graves
1746:
1731:
1722:
1721:fallen leaves
1718:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1441:Significance
1440:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1311:
1310:Equus October
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1245:
1237:
1235:
1234:British Isles
1231:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1104:, the Slavic
1103:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1006:
996:
994:
990:
984:
982:
978:
974:
973:
968:
963:
959:
953:
923:
918:
914:
904:
902:
897:
895:
891:
887:
885:
880:
876:
874:
868:
864:
862:
857:
853:
849:
847:
841:
837:
835:
829:
828:
823:
819:
813:
809:
799:
796:
794:
790:
786:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
758:
754:
750:
744:
734:
731:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
707:
702:
698:
694:
689:
685:
681:
675:
674:March equinox
665:
663:
659:
655:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
631:
629:
625:
624:Groundhog Day
621:
617:
612:
606:
602:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
558:
553:
549:
544:
542:
538:
533:
529:
525:
521:
515:
511:
507:
501:
497:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
431:
423:
419:
414:
407:
402:
393:
391:
387:
383:
378:
375:
371:
367:
366:
361:
357:
352:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:Midsummer Day
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:Robert Graves
266:
265:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:every quarter
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
217:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
186:
182:
178:
168:
166:
160:
133:
130:use the term
129:
125:
121:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
101:civilizations
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
81:modern pagans
78:
75:
71:
63:
59:
55:
50:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
7170:Neo-druidism
7128:
6985:
6973:
6970:Middle-earth
6961:
6949:
6719:applications
6717:Displays and
6627: /
6608:By specialty
6577:
6438:Xiuhpōhualli
6336:Mesoamerican
6299:
6182:Nepal Sambat
5853:Astronomical
5672:
5589:. Retrieved
5585:the original
5574:
5554:
5547:
5528:
5522:
5502:
5495:
5476:
5470:
5437:
5403:
5392:
5373:
5364:
5345:
5339:
5326:
5303:
5263:
5231:
5225:
5206:
5200:
5173:
5167:
5155:. Retrieved
5151:
5142:
5130:. Retrieved
5126:
5117:
5105:. Retrieved
5100:
5091:
5079:. Retrieved
5075:
5066:
5054:. Retrieved
5050:
5041:
5029:. Retrieved
5025:
5016:
5004:. Retrieved
5000:the original
4995:
4985:
4973:. Retrieved
4969:
4960:
4948:. Retrieved
4944:
4935:
4923:. Retrieved
4919:
4910:
4898:. Retrieved
4894:
4885:
4873:. Retrieved
4869:
4860:
4848:. Retrieved
4844:
4835:
4823:. Retrieved
4819:
4810:
4798:. Retrieved
4794:
4770:. Retrieved
4766:
4757:
4745:. Retrieved
4741:
4717:. Retrieved
4712:
4703:
4692:, retrieved
4670:
4660:
4627:
4623:
4598:. Retrieved
4594:
4556:(1): 10–13.
4553:
4549:
4524:. Retrieved
4521:thetroth.org
4520:
4511:
4499:. Retrieved
4495:
4486:
4474:. Retrieved
4472:. asatru.org
4452:
4433:
4427:
4402:
4398:
4392:
4380:. Retrieved
4375:
4343:
4337:
4318:
4312:
4293:
4287:
4278:
4271:. Retrieved
4256:
4249:
4240:
4233:. Retrieved
4218:
4211:
4195:
4190:
4171:
4165:
4153:. Retrieved
4143:
4133:20 September
4131:. Retrieved
4127:
4118:
4102:
4082:. Retrieved
4077:
4068:
4045:
4039:
4027:. Retrieved
4022:
4013:
3994:
3985:
3973:. Retrieved
3968:
3959:
3926:
3922:
3912:
3893:
3887:
3858:
3847:
3824:
3796:
3790:
3780:. Vol.
3772:
3765:
3742:
3736:
3710:
3699:
3687:. Retrieved
3682:
3673:
3650:
3622:
3604:
3600:
3590:
3571:
3565:
3537:
3500:
3480:
3475:
3467:
3458:
3450:
3441:
3432:
3426:
3408:
3402:
3394:
3389:
3381:
3376:
3358:
3337:
3316:. Retrieved
3313:The Guardian
3312:
3302:
3290:. Retrieved
3285:
3276:
3262:(3): 38–41.
3259:
3255:
3110:
3085:
3077:crone aspect
3076:
3056:
3030:
2930:
2921:Granny woman
2906:Fluffy Bunny
2886:Cunning folk
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2575:Key concepts
2501:
2363:Dianic Wicca
2343:Celtic Wicca
2313:Algard Wicca
2248:Spiral dance
2235:
2186:Magic circle
2116:Yvonne Frost
2096:Janet Farrar
2011:Margot Adler
1991:Alex Sanders
1953:
1866:
1864:
1849:
1840:huge serpent
1827:
1823:
1813:
1793:
1762:
1748:
1728:
1669:and spring.
1661:the holiday
1610:Light Green
1459:spirit world
1420:
1392:Leif Ericson
1378:
1343:
1327:propitiation
1317:
1251:
1243:
1223:
1206:
1202:
1169:
1168:
1128:
1124:
1113:
1110:Thanksgiving
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1070:Quarter Days
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1042:
1034:
1029:Meán Fómhair
1026:
1022:
1019:Harvest Home
1018:
1014:
1010:
1008:
992:
988:
985:
980:
970:
961:
921:
920:
900:
898:
893:
889:
881:
878:
873:Æfterra Liða
870:
858:
855:
851:
843:
831:
825:
817:
815:
797:
782:
769:
765:
761:
760:
729:
727:
704:
692:
691:
651:
632:
615:
614:
569:evergreenery
562:
557:Alban Arthan
555:
545:
517:
480:lunar cycles
457:
430:modern pagan
427:
422:seasonal lag
418:quarter days
379:
369:
363:
362:through his
360:Timothy Zell
353:
344:Ross Nichols
317:
295:(1 August),
283:(25 March),
262:
224:
214:
212:
202:(1 August),
181:Anglo-Saxons
174:
131:
117:
109:quarter days
69:
67:
53:
44:
7099:Eschatology
6820:Anno Domini
6789:Regnal year
6784:Regnal name
6757:Terminology
6747:Year naming
6702:Symmetry454
6552:Pentecontad
6475:Culāsakaraj
6460:Cappadocian
6192:Yele Sambat
6078:Zoroastrian
5972:Bangladeshi
5910:limited use
5888:Solar Hijri
5883:Lunar Hijri
5846:In wide use
5769:Calan Gaeaf
5348:: 115–126.
5101:Mabon House
4476:24 November
4273:14 December
4235:14 December
4155:25 November
4084:20 February
4029:20 February
3975:20 February
3867:. pp.
3689:20 February
3166:Solar terms
3113:Santa Claus
3021:, Boscastle
2622:White magic
2587:Wiccan Rede
2368:Faery Wicca
2171:Handfasting
2111:Gavin Frost
2031:Lois Bourne
1867:great night
1536:gift giving
1335:sacrificing
1298:Holocaustos
1133:Aidan Kelly
1125:Yn Mheillea
1112:. The name
1102:Oktoberfest
1045:Alban Elfed
1037:An Clabhsúr
901:Alban Hefin
780:countries.
730:Alban Eilir
701:Jacob Grimm
356:Aidan Kelly
340:neo-Druidic
291:(24 June),
120:lunar phase
7149:Categories
7119:Golden Age
7114:Heortology
7109:Eviternity
7094:Divination
6926:Vietnamese
6839:Anno Mundi
6829:Anno Lucis
6824:Common Era
6727:Electronic
6697:Positivist
6659:Discordian
6649:Dreamspell
6584:Sexagenary
6525:Macedonian
6495:Florentine
6445:Babylonian
6411:Historical
6341:Long Count
6295:Vietnamese
6251:Macedonian
6214:Nanakshahi
6144:Lithuanian
6014:Solar term
5747:Calan Awst
5741:Lughnasadh
5591:25 October
5447:093970806X
5304:Before You
5274:. p.
4526:30 January
4456:Meuli 1946
4382:8 November
4181:1564148645
3869:7–186, 246
3770:Plutarch.
3607:: 155–156.
3318:23 October
3238:References
3129:Ember days
3081:Horned God
2958:Witch-hunt
2815:Literature
2787:Tarot deck
2657:Watchtower
2627:Otherworld
2617:Witchcraft
2607:Craft name
2537:Lughnasadh
2393:Stregheria
2383:Reclaiming
2301:Traditions
2273:Horned God
2226:Initiation
2221:Invocation
2216:Divination
2166:Great rite
2026:Gavin Bone
2001:Sybil Leek
1836:world tree
1832:underworld
1828:horned god
1808:See also:
1743:See also:
1734:Narratives
1680:, Samhain
1663:celebrates
1620:, Beltane
1603:Holly King
1574:Dark Green
1406:, and the
1331:veneration
1292:See also:
1087:Lughnasadh
981:August Eve
972:Lughnasadh
922:Lughnasadh
913:Lughnasadh
783:Since the
747:See also:
678:See also:
658:initiation
609:See also:
532:Stonehenge
524:megalithic
522:. Ancient
514:Saturnalia
504:See also:
462:and other
439:'s annual
334:, and the
297:Michaelmas
267:(1948) by
229:(1921) by
219:(1890) by
200:Lughnasadh
115:peoples.
7185:Solstices
6987:Star Trek
6951:Discworld
6946:Discworld
6939:Fictional
6815:Anka year
6794:Year zero
6774:Leap year
6732:Perpetual
6455:Byzantine
6174:Mongolian
6154:Malayalam
5898:Unix time
5873:Gregorian
5868:Ethiopian
5832:Lunisolar
5813:Calendars
5736:Midsummer
5725:Calan Mai
5699:Gŵyl Fair
5684:Midwinter
5456:cite book
4644:2009-2415
4570:0011-9253
4376:Cosmology
3951:249536135
3943:0015-587X
3797:The Celts
3747:NYU Press
3720:Edinburgh
3173:Calendars
3147:churches.
2757:Parchment
2562:Wild Hunt
2532:Midsummer
2388:Seax-Wica
2278:Green Man
2211:Banishing
2176:Wiccaning
1824:black god
1769:. Modern
1589:(gifts),
1461:(and the
1404:The Troth
1346:ancestors
1306:Thyesthai
1277:Offerings
1255:full moon
1211:Halloween
1165:Halloween
1058:Midsummer
993:loaf mass
894:navigable
879:following
856:preceding
846:Ærra Liða
808:Midsummer
793:May Queen
728:Known as
680:Liberalia
643:The Dagda
605:Candlemas
581:mistletoe
571:(such as
528:Newgrange
506:Midwinter
472:symbolism
468:mythology
433:cosmology
406:sun cross
396:Festivals
382:syncretic
365:Green Egg
305:Christmas
301:Halloween
287:(1 May),
277:Candlemas
259:Hallowmas
253:(3 May),
247:Candlemas
198:(1 May),
93:equinoxes
89:solstices
77:festivals
7124:Prophecy
7104:Eternity
7079:Calendar
7017:Category
6982:Stardate
6958:Greyhawk
6889:Seleucid
6874:Japanese
6844:Assyrian
6779:New Year
6615:Holocene
6567:Rapa Nui
6540:Tzolkʼin
6505:Germanic
6485:Egyptian
6221:Romanian
6199:Nisg̱a'a
6159:Mandaean
6149:Maithili
6122:Javanese
6117:Japanese
6072:medieval
6026:Georgian
5937:Assyrian
5927:Armenian
5858:Buddhist
5628:Archived
5400:(1999).
5398:Starhawk
5372:(1989).
4652:20546256
4501:11 April
3923:Folklore
3855:(1979).
3853:Starhawk
3716:New York
3123:See also
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2762:Pentacle
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2652:Summoner
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1498:vitality
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1469:and the
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1288:ceremony
1259:new moon
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