233:
182:
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224:. Popular in the 17th and 18th centuries in England, its preparation required that the salep powder be added to water until thickened whereupon it would be sweetened, then flavored with orange flower or rose water. Substitution of British orchid roots, known as "dogstones", for the original Turkish variants was acceptable in the 18th century.
293:
region of Turkey is a major producer of sahlab known as Maraş Salepi. The popularity of sahlab in Turkey has led to a decline in the populations of wild orchids, and it was made illegal to export true salep. Consequently, many instant sahlab mixes are made with artificial flavoring. Salep is also
220:. It enjoyed a reputation as a "fattener" for young women, to make them plumper before marriage. Its consumption spread beyond there to England and Germany before the rise of coffee and tea, and it was later offered as an alternative beverage in coffee houses. In England, the drink was known as
297:
It is estimated that each year in Turkey, 30 tons of tubers from 38 species are harvested; it takes from 1,000 to 4,000 tubers to make a kilo of flour. With the increasing rarity of some species and local extinctions, traders are harvesting wild orchids in Iran. Abdolbaset
Ghorbani of
294:
drunk in
Albania and Greece; it is usually sold on the streets as a hot beverage during the cold months of the year. It is very popular in many parts of the Middle East, especially in Egypt and the Levant. Families in Turkey drink the hot version during the winter time.
302:
estimates that between 7 and 11 million orchids of nineteen species and sub-species were collected from northern Iran in 2013, with the majority being exported to Turkey. Harvesting of orchid tubers is also increasing in Greece.
213:
root, is it not formed like the male privy parts? No one can deny this. Accordingly, magic discovered it and revealed that it can restore a man's virility and passion".
796:
1178:
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1854:
2315:
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The beverage sahlab is now often made with hot milk instead of water. Other desserts are also made from salep flour, including salep pudding and
516:
2060:
1839:
2065:
2055:
1859:
1810:
624:"The Global Consumption of Hot Beverages, c. 1500-c. 1900," in Food and Globalization: Consumption Markets and Politics in the Modern World
306:
In the Middle East, "sahlab" is a hot milk-based winter drink with a pudding-like consistency, sometimes garnished with nuts and cinnamon.
119:
where it is a traditional winter beverage. An increase in consumption is causing local extinctions of orchids in parts of Turkey and Iran.
2020:
1068:
1995:
266:
This beverage was sold in place of tea and coffee, which were much more expensive, and was served in a similar way with milk and sugar.
2232:
2994:
838:
232:
2015:
1188:
546:
4684:
969:
936:
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603:
Dalby, p. 292; Theophrastus, 9.18.13; Pedanius
Dioscorides, 3.126-8; Pliny the Elder, 26.95-98, 27.65; Pseudo-Apuleius, 15.3.
251:
was a hot drink that was popular in
England in the 18th and 19th centuries. Initially, it was made from salep, mostly from
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The wide wide sea: imperial ambition, first contact and the fateful final voyage of
Captain James Cook
277:
and so drinking it in public became shameful. Saloop stalls in London were replaced by coffee stalls.
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tree were the key ingredient. This plant thickened the drink and also had a stimulating quality.
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205:. As the names indicate, they likewise considered it to be a powerful aphrodisiac. Of salep,
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used ground orchid bulbs to make drinks, which they called by a number of names, especially
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It was used as a remedy for various ailments, including "chronic alcoholic inebriety" and
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Clarence-Smith, William
Gervase (2017). Nützenadel, Alexander; Trentmann, Frank (eds.).
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The encyclopedia of food: their comparative values and how best to use and enjoy them
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Look and Feel: Studies In
Texture, Appearance and Incidental Characteristics of Food
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Rowlandson's
Characteristic Sketches of the Lower Orders of the British Metropolis
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111:. Salep flour is consumed in beverages and desserts, especially in the
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839:"Salep and Boza – History and Recipe of Special Turkish Winter Drinks"
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667:. The University of Leeds Library: Chapman and Hall Ld. p. 29.
286:
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in the mid 18th century. The Arabic word is perhaps shortened from
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547:"salep - definition of salep in English | Oxford Dictionaries"
39:
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273:. Its popularity declined when it was purported to treat
775:, vol. 1, Cambridge University Press, p. 463,
664:
Food: some account of its sources, constituents and uses
244:
enjoying saloop, which they are drinking from the saucer
480:
701:
384:
344:
420:
364:
153:
135:
747:(First ed.). New York: Doubleday. p. 17.
440:
645:
216:Salep was a popular beverage in the lands of the
185:Albanian salep merchant in Ottoman Üsküp (modern
4879:
978:
767:
871:"Sachlav: The Hot Chocolate of the Middle East"
854:Orchids as Aphrodisiac, Medicine or Food (2019)
773:The Elements of Materia Medica and Therapeutics
621:
103:). These tubers contain a nutritious, starchy
4678:
2988:
2226:
1062:
147:
141:
4898:Bosnia and Herzegovina non-alcoholic drinks
1004:
990:
677:
4692:
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1055:
38:
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921:
510:
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309:
231:
180:
14:
4880:
957:
947:"Ice cream threatens Turkey's flowers"
905:Food in the Ancient World: From A to Z
813:"Ice cream threatens Turkey's flowers"
794:
660:
4666:
2976:
2214:
1076:
1050:
899:
742:
678:Holly Chase (1994), "Suspect Salep",
626:. Oxford: Bloomsbury. pp. 37–56.
503:
113:cuisines of the former Ottoman Empire
2240:
682:, Oxford Symposium, pp. 45–46,
514:
3002:
410:
354:
334:
163:
142:
24:
536:Online Etymology Dictionary. 2008.
25:
4959:
1028:
798:London Labour and the London Poor
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2181:
1034:
725:
54:
863:
845:
831:
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761:
736:
719:
706:, Stackpole Books, p. 62,
702:Edwin Augustus Peeples (1994),
695:
671:
654:
639:
630:
523:. No. 3124. pp. 32–4.
964:. Princeton University Press.
893:
615:
606:
597:
579:
561:
539:
527:
515:Pain, Stephanie (6 May 2017).
316:
146:), through French and Turkish
13:
1:
961:Paracelsus: Selected Writings
958:Jacobi, Jolande, ed. (1995).
551:Oxford Dictionaries | English
491:
280:
27:Flour made from orchid tubers
496:
173:'fox's testicles').
122:
7:
1008:Herbarium Apuleii Platonici
931:. Oxford University Press.
481:
461:
450:
441:
421:
385:
365:
345:
154:
136:
81:, is a flour made from the
10:
4964:
4065:Cevizli kuru incir tatlısı
801:. Vol. 1. p. 27.
646:Thomas Rowlandson (1820).
176:
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4499:
4347:
4014:
3917:
3621:
3537:
3431:
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2737:
2641:
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2544:
2503:
2472:
2399:
2353:
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2176:
2105:
2074:
1883:
1824:
1643:
1597:
1516:
1417:
1286:
1235:
1084:
587:"the definition of salep"
470:
430:
374:
227:
49:
37:
4903:Edible thickening agents
4857:Korean ginseng root hair
3749:Ispanaklı Selanik Böreği
3418:Turkish cold bulgur soup
3313:Deniz börülcesi salatası
928:Oxford Companion to Food
255:. Later, the roots and
3017:Non-alcoholic beverages
1091:Non-alcoholic beverages
743:Sides, Hampton (2024).
704:Planting an Inheritance
573:www.merriam-webster.com
240:showing members of the
3709:Kabaklı peynirli börek
795:Mayhew, Henry (1861).
557:on September 26, 2016.
402:
394:
326:
259:of the North American
245:
190:
148:
131:ultimately comes from
4155:Kavala Almond Cookies
4070:Cevizli Irmik Tatlısı
661:Church, A.H. (1893).
569:"Definition of SALEP"
517:"Eaten to extinction"
310:Explanatory footnotes
235:
184:
4348:Frequent ingredients
3694:Corn poppy with lamb
3669:Şevketibostan yemeği
3343:Kabak çiçeği dolması
2738:Frequent ingredients
1043:at Wikimedia Commons
980:Pedanius Dioscorides
732:. 1923. p. 451.
612:Jacobi, ed., p. 122.
85:of the orchid genus
4938:Palestinian cuisine
4140:İzmir Bomb Kurabiye
4030:Acıbadem kurabiyesi
3839:Patlıcan kızartması
3689:Colocasia with lamb
3474:Kars gravyer cheese
3126:Distilled beverages
3066:Fermented beverages
2784:Herbs & spices
2664:Walnut stuffed figs
2516:Sheep's sorrel soup
1167:Distilled beverages
1154:Fermented beverages
209:wrote: "behold the
91:(including species
34:
4500:Unique instruments
4392:Herbs & spices
4225:Murabbalı mecidiye
3938:Akçaabat meatballs
3573:Kuzukulağı çorbası
2894:Unique instruments
2075:Unique instruments
1021:Historia plantarum
997:Naturalis historia
877:. 17 November 2010
300:Uppsala University
246:
236:An 1820 sketch by
191:
30:
4923:Jordanian cuisine
4875:
4874:
4852:Orienta persimmon
4729:Chrysanthemum tea
4660:
4659:
4045:Balparmak tatlısı
3799:Libje lebje basta
3659:Bursa Cantik Pide
3529:Van herbed cheese
3449:Circassian cheese
3378:Patlıcan salatası
2970:
2969:
2649:Phoenicia dessert
2592:Stuffed eggplants
2208:
2207:
1941:Phoenicia dessert
1731:Kibbeh Bil Sanieh
1721:Fried cauliflower
1696:Stuffed eggplants
1189:Beer in Palestine
1078:Levantine cuisine
1039:Media related to
1005:Pseudo-Apuleius.
984:De materia medica
971:978-0-691-01876-8
953:. August 5, 2003.
938:978-0-19-211579-9
914:978-0-415-23259-3
636:Davidson, p. 683.
479:
459:
439:
419:
383:
363:
343:
172:
68:
67:
16:(Redirected from
4955:
4928:Lebanese cuisine
4908:Egyptian cuisine
4687:
4680:
4673:
4664:
4663:
4649:
4648:
4635:
4551:Related cuisines
4023:Turkish desserts
3963:İnegöl meatballs
3834:Patlıcan dolması
3804:Mallow with lamb
3744:Harput meatballs
3553:Analı kızlı soup
3363:Mercimek köftesi
2997:
2990:
2983:
2974:
2973:
2920:Related cuisines
2572:Stuffed tomatoes
2490:Kashkawan cheese
2242:Lebanese cuisine
2235:
2228:
2221:
2212:
2211:
2200:Drink portal
2198:
2197:
2196:
2186:
2185:
2106:Related cuisines
1996:Kanafeh Mabrooma
1855:Kebab Khashkhash
1473:Kashkawan cheese
1217:Palestinian wine
1071:
1064:
1057:
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769:Jonathan Pereira
765:
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558:
553:. Archived from
543:
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531:
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512:
485:
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472:
464:
454:
444:
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432:
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348:
338:
336:
320:
275:venereal disease
167:
165:
157:
151:
145:
144:
139:
100:Orchis militaris
60:Media: Salep
58:
42:
35:
33:
29:
21:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4952:
4918:Israeli cuisine
4878:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4842:Green moss coin
4808:
4784:Mint herbal tea
4697:
4691:
4661:
4656:
4643:
4622:
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4495:
4343:
4230:Nevzine tatlısı
4010:
3913:
3844:Patlıcan kebabı
3699:Domates dolması
3617:
3533:
3509:Saganaki cheese
3484:Kaşkaval cheese
3427:
3272:
3266:
3180:
3006:
3004:Turkish cuisine
3001:
2971:
2966:
2915:
2889:
2733:
2729:Rahat al-halqum
2637:
2606:
2552:Stuffed quinces
2540:
2499:
2468:
2419:Glasswort salad
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2244:
2239:
2209:
2204:
2194:
2192:
2188:Food portal
2180:
2172:
2101:
2070:
1896:Halawet el Jibn
1879:
1820:
1816:Mfaraket Koussa
1781:Galayet bandora
1726:Kibbeh Labanieh
1686:Stuffed peppers
1639:
1593:
1579:Fasoulia Khadra
1517:Soups and stews
1512:
1413:
1288:
1282:
1231:
1179:Beer in Lebanon
1080:
1075:
1031:
992:Pliny the Elder
972:
945:
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819:. 5 August 2003
811:
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741:
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726:Ward, Artemas.
724:
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676:
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650:. Samuel Leigh.
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321:
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164:خُصَى الثَعْلَب
125:
73:, also spelled
64:
45:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4961:
4951:
4950:
4948:Turkish drinks
4945:
4943:Syrian cuisine
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4605:
4603:Middle Eastern
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4187:
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4170:Kestane şekeri
4167:
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4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4105:Fenike tatlısı
4102:
4097:
4095:Ekmek kadayıfı
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4026:(main article)
4018:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4006:Tire meatballs
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3981:Eggplant kebab
3978:
3975:
3970:
3968:İskender kebab
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3943:Alinazik kebab
3940:
3935:
3930:
3929:(main article)
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3819:Mirik meatball
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3629:Arnavut ciğeri
3625:
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3549:(main article)
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3514:Teleme peyniri
3511:
3506:
3504:Mihaliç cheese
3501:
3496:
3491:
3489:Künefe peyniri
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3444:Braided cheese
3441:
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3166:Kalecik Karası
3163:
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3147:(main article)
3140:
3137:
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3103:(main article)
3100:Beer in Turkey
3096:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3056:Turkish coffee
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2977:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2942:Middle Eastern
2939:
2934:
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2923:
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2917:
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2903:
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2741:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2724:Flour kurabiye
2721:
2716:
2714:Quince dessert
2711:
2706:
2701:
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2620:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2597:Fried eggplant
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2541:
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2538:
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2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2485:Braided cheese
2482:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
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2456:
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2441:
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2313:
2312:
2311:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2269:Turkish coffee
2266:
2261:
2255:Non-alcoholic
2252:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2215:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2190:
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2173:
2171:
2170:
2165:
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2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2123:Middle Eastern
2120:
2115:
2109:
2107:
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2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1906:Luqmat al-Qadi
1903:
1898:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1872:
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1862:
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1836:(main article)
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1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1736:Grilled Kibbeh
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1716:Fried eggplant
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1691:Stuffed squash
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
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1549:Vegetable soup
1546:
1541:
1536:
1529:
1528:(main article)
1520:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
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1470:
1468:Braided cheese
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1448:Nabulsi cheese
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1429:(main article)
1421:
1419:
1418:Dairy products
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1334:Gigandes plaki
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1300:(main article)
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1229:
1224:
1222:Jordanian wine
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1214:
1209:
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1201:
1199:Beer in Israel
1196:
1194:Beer in Jordan
1191:
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1168:
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1155:
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1142:
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1107:
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1100:Turkish coffee
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1030:
1029:External links
1027:
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1002:
988:
976:
970:
955:
943:
937:
923:Davidson, Alan
919:
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862:
851:Eng Soon Teoh
844:
830:
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787:
782:978-1108068833
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713:978-0811712064
712:
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689:978-0907325567
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614:
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591:Dictionary.com
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447:Serbo-Croatian
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313:
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229:
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218:Ottoman Empire
195:Ancient Romans
178:
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155:ḵuṣā aṯ-ṯaʕlab
124:
121:
105:polysaccharide
94:Orchis mascula
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50:
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26:
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4:
3:
2:
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4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4893:Arabic drinks
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
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4868:
4865:
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4800:
4797:
4795:
4794:Fermented tea
4792:
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4777:
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4772:
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4765:
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4745:
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4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4719:Buckwheat tea
4717:
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4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4695:
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4683:
4681:
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4653:
4652:
4651:Turkey Portal
4647:
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4598:Mediterranean
4596:
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4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4573:Central Asian
4571:
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4427:
4424:
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4421:Dried apricot
4419:
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4412:
4409:
4407:
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4399:
4397:
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4391:
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4364:
4361:
4359:
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4353:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4334:Vezir parmağı
4332:
4330:
4329:Un kurabiyesi
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
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4215:Muğla halkası
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4180:Köylü pastası
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4145:Kabak tatlısı
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4135:Ispanaklı kek
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
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4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
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4091:
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4086:
4083:
4081:
4080:Dilber dudağı
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4060:Cevizli sucuk
4058:
4056:
4055:Bülbül yuvası
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
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3971:
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3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:Grilled meats
3916:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3849:Perdeli pilav
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3593:Yayla çorbası
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3558:Balık çorbası
3556:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3519:Tomas peyniri
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3459:Çömlek cheese
3457:
3455:
3454:Civil peyniri
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3212:Kandil simidi
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3202:Çerkes simidi
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2993:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2937:Mediterranean
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2813:Dried apricot
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:Grilled meats
2609:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2577:Dry meatballs
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2495:Hallum cheese
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2414:Baba ghanoush
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2386:Khubz tannoor
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2264:Arabic coffee
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2118:Mediterranean
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2051:Osh El Bulbul
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:Balah El Sham
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:Stuffed dates
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:Grilled meats
1823:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:Baladi cheese
1461:
1459:
1458:Tresse cheese
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1443:Hallum cheese
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1426:Syrian Cheese
1423:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1369:Kibbeh nayyeh
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1309:Baba ghanoush
1307:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1258:Khubz tannoor
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1207:Lebanese wine
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:Beer in Syria
1182:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1150:Mint lemonade
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1095:Arabic coffee
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1003:
999:
998:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
967:
963:
962:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
934:
930:
929:
924:
920:
916:
910:
907:. Routledge.
906:
902:
901:Dalby, Andrew
898:
897:
876:
872:
866:
860:
856:
855:
848:
840:
834:
818:
814:
808:
800:
799:
791:
784:
778:
774:
770:
764:
756:
754:9780385544764
750:
746:
739:
731:
730:
722:
715:
709:
705:
698:
691:
685:
681:
674:
666:
665:
657:
649:
642:
633:
625:
618:
609:
600:
592:
588:
582:
574:
570:
564:
556:
552:
548:
542:
535:
530:
522:
521:New Scientist
518:
511:
509:
507:
502:
483:
477:
468:
463:
457:
452:
448:
443:
437:
428:
423:
417:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
381:
372:
367:
361:
352:
347:
341:
332:
328:
327:salep, sahlep
324:
319:
315:
307:
304:
301:
295:
292:
291:Kahramanmaraş
288:
278:
276:
272:
267:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
243:
239:
234:
225:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
188:
183:
174:
170:
161:
156:
150:
138:
134:
130:
120:
118:
115:, notably in
114:
110:
106:
102:
101:
96:
95:
90:
89:
84:
80:
76:
72:
61:
57:
52:
51:
48:
41:
36:
19:
4888:Arab cuisine
4768:
4759:Mountain tea
4754:Labrador tea
4724:Cannabis tea
4702:Types of tea
4642:
4630:
4401:Black pepper
4290:Sütlü Nuriye
4210:Mesir macunu
4150:Kalburabastı
4120:Hanım göbeği
4040:Ayva tatlısı
4021:
3986:Pideli köfte
3924:
3889:Tatar böreği
3779:Kuru fasulye
3739:Elma dolması
3704:Etli makarna
3634:Ayva dolması
3613:Chicken soup
3544:
3524:Tulum cheese
3494:Lavaş cheese
3479:Kaşar cheese
3464:Dolaz cheese
3439:Beyaz peynir
3408:Taramasalata
3338:İmam bayıldı
3293:Bakla Ezmesi
3279:
3257:Tandır bread
3144:Turkish wine
3142:
3098:
3091:Yayık ayranı
3035:
2793:Black pepper
2704:Marron glacé
2288:
2274:White coffee
2168:Mesopotamian
2061:Taj El Malik
2026:Znoud El Sit
2016:Qashtaliyyeh
1850:Cherry kebab
1840:Kebab Halabi
1831:
1801:Cabbage roll
1746:Batata harra
1544:Chicken soup
1531:
1523:
1453:Tzfat cheese
1424:
1295:
1263:Taboon bread
1227:Israeli wine
1140:Qamar al-Din
1129:
1020:
1017:Theophrastus
1007:
996:
983:
960:
927:
904:
879:. Retrieved
874:
865:
859:Google Books
857:, p. 52, at
852:
847:
833:
821:. Retrieved
807:
797:
790:
772:
763:
744:
738:
728:
721:
703:
697:
679:
673:
663:
656:
647:
641:
632:
623:
617:
608:
599:
590:
581:
572:
563:
555:the original
550:
541:
529:
520:
318:
305:
296:
284:
268:
265:
248:
247:
242:lower orders
215:
210:
192:
128:
126:
98:
92:
86:
78:
74:
70:
69:
4913:Herbal teas
4847:Korean pine
4714:Black drink
4694:Herbal teas
4637:Food portal
4486:Urfa pepper
4363:Bell pepper
4309:Tahini roll
4235:Orcik candy
3958:Döner kebab
3948:Beyti kebab
3933:Adana kebab
3899:Uzun erişte
3879:Soğan dolma
3759:İzmir köfte
3649:Buğu kebabı
3639:Balık ekmek
3368:Midye dolma
3308:Çoban salad
3262:Kete (food)
3176:Papazkarası
3061:Turkish tea
2753:Bell pepper
2744:Vegetables
2633:Shish kofte
2536:Yogurt soup
2526:Haleem soup
2521:Lentil soup
2424:Ful medames
2321:Almaza Beer
2299:Turkish tea
2066:Swar El Sit
2056:Othmalliyya
1865:Shish taouk
1860:Kebab Hindi
1845:Shish kebab
1589:Sumaghiyyeh
1539:Lentil soup
1329:Ful medames
1212:Syrian wine
894:Cited texts
875:The Forward
399:Azerbaijani
109:glucomannan
44:Salep drink
4882:Categories
4867:Sicklepods
4827:Yellow tea
4814:Korean tea
4804:Oolong tea
4709:Barley tea
4696:or tisanes
4476:Red pepper
4354:Vegetables
4314:Tavukgöğsü
3864:Puf Böreği
3769:Karnıyarık
3734:Kuru köfte
3724:Kelle Paça
3608:Kelle paça
3598:Erişte aşı
3588:Toyga soup
3499:Lor cheese
3333:İçli köfte
3273:and salads
3271:Appetizers
3123:(inactive)
2873:Red pepper
2531:Tripe soup
2449:Shakshouka
2409:Arab salad
2327:Distilled
2305:Fermented
2092:Tabun oven
1936:Muhallabia
1811:Siyyadiyeh
1766:Shakshouka
1741:Shushbarak
1569:Mulukhiyah
1559:Shakriyyeh
1304:Arab salad
1289:and salads
1287:Appetizers
1105:Arabic tea
881:30 October
823:9 November
492:References
281:Modern use
238:Rowlandson
207:Paracelsus
203:priapiscus
117:the Levant
4837:Money tea
4822:Green tea
4799:Green tea
4779:Earl Grey
4744:Honeybush
4608:Mongolian
4593:Levantine
4568:Caucasian
4512:Çaydanlık
4471:Pul biber
4466:Pistachio
4265:Şekerpare
4255:Pişmaniye
4220:Muhallebi
4160:Kazandibi
4001:Şiş tavuk
3996:Şiş köfte
3991:Şiş kebab
3977:Miskender
3953:Cağ kebab
3904:Van köfte
3884:Tas kebap
3874:Su Böreği
3754:İçli Pide
3679:Çiğ börek
3303:Çiğ köfte
3247:Saj bread
3161:Çalkarası
3156:Boğazkere
3151:Adakarası
3076:Hardaliye
3011:Beverages
2932:Levantine
2868:Pistachio
2843:Olive oil
2709:Muhallebi
2582:Fasouliya
2454:Tabbouleh
2439:Muhammara
2249:Beverages
2138:Sephardic
2021:Ballorieh
1961:Shaabiyat
1776:Makhlouta
1771:Jazz Mazz
1671:Mujaddara
1610:Lahmajoun
1503:Kashkaval
1438:Shanklish
1389:Muhammara
1354:Tabbouleh
1085:Beverages
497:Citations
476:romanized
467:Bulgarian
456:romanized
436:romanized
416:romanized
380:romanized
360:romanized
340:romanized
261:sassafras
127:The word
123:Etymology
4739:Corn tea
4734:Coca tea
4431:Hazelnut
4411:Cinnamon
4406:Chestnut
4368:Eggplant
4275:Supangle
4240:Pepeçura
4185:Kurabiye
4130:Hoşmerim
4100:Fig roll
4090:Dondurma
4015:Desserts
3859:Piyaziye
3829:Papucaki
3789:Lahmacun
3578:Mercimek
3563:Ezogelin
3373:Pastırma
3171:Öküzgözü
3117:GaraGuzu
3031:Rize tea
2947:Armenian
2823:Hazelnut
2803:Cinnamon
2798:Chestnut
2758:Eggplant
2694:Ma'amoul
2684:Qurabiya
2674:Fig roll
2659:Basbousa
2642:Desserts
2623:Shawarma
2587:Musaqa‘a
2371:Manakish
2143:Armenian
2036:Mabrooma
2006:Meshabek
1951:Qurabiya
1931:Ma'amoul
1921:Fig roll
1916:Basbousa
1884:Desserts
1875:Shawarma
1796:Musaqa‘a
1751:Fawaregh
1651:Mfarakeh
1635:Musakhan
1630:Manakish
1598:Pastries
1359:Fattoush
1324:Msabbaha
1145:Tamarind
951:BBC News
925:(1987).
903:(2003).
817:BBC News
771:(2014),
534:"salep."
411:סַחְלָבּ
391:Albanian
371:Armenian
287:dondurma
211:Satyrion
199:satyrion
4832:Red tea
4764:Rooibos
4613:Ottoman
4588:Kurdish
4583:Iranian
4537:Semaver
4461:Parsley
4456:Paprika
4451:Oregano
4383:Spinach
4324:Tulumba
4319:Trileçe
4295:Şöbiyet
4260:Şambali
4165:Kaysefe
4075:Cezerye
4050:Baklava
3824:Musakka
3814:Menemen
3764:Kapuska
3714:Kavurma
3603:Keledoş
3583:Tarhana
3568:İşkembe
3432:Cheeses
3413:Tarator
3403:Şakşuka
3358:Lakerda
3353:Kokoreç
3207:Gözleme
3192:Bazlama
3111:Bomonti
2957:Ottoman
2952:Cypriot
2863:Parsley
2858:Paprika
2853:Oregano
2773:Spinach
2689:Kanafeh
2654:Baklava
2567:Falafel
2473:Cheeses
2391:Markook
2381:Fatayer
2294:Sharbat
2158:Ottoman
2153:Kurdish
2148:Iranian
2133:Mizrahi
2128:Israeli
2097:Tandoor
2046:Barazek
2041:Makaron
2031:Kallaaj
1986:Murabba
1946:Qatayef
1911:Baklawa
1891:Kanafeh
1791:Maftoul
1711:Freekeh
1706:Falafel
1676:Makdous
1661:Maqluba
1605:Fatayer
1574:Fasolia
1404:Tarator
1314:Falafel
1273:Markook
1135:Sharbat
478::
458::
438::
418::
382::
362::
346:sa'alab
342::
331:Persian
323:Turkish
189:), 1907
177:History
171:
143:سَحْلَب
107:called
4933:Orchis
4862:Jujube
4789:Matcha
4774:Saloop
4749:Kuding
4563:Balkan
4542:Tandır
4527:Oklava
4522:Mangal
4491:Walnut
4426:Garlic
4396:Almond
4388:Tomato
4378:Lentil
4304:pekmez
4285:Revani
4280:Sütlaç
4270:Şıllık
4245:Pestil
4190:Künefe
4175:Keşkül
4110:Güllaç
4085:Dibile
3774:Keşkek
3719:Erişte
3684:Çılbır
3674:Şırdan
3654:Bulgur
3622:Dishes
3469:Hellim
3423:Yoğurt
3383:Pilaki
3242:Poğaça
3217:Katmer
3185:Breads
3135:Kanyak
3046:Şerbet
3041:Şalgam
3026:Pekmez
2962:Syrian
2911:Manqal
2883:Walnut
2818:Garlic
2788:Almond
2778:Tomato
2768:Lentil
2719:Moghli
2562:Bulgur
2545:Dishes
2511:Chorba
2480:Akkawi
2464:Labneh
2459:Yogurt
2434:Kibbeh
2429:Hommus
2354:Breads
2289:Sahlab
2259:Jallab
2163:Jewish
2087:Manqal
2011:Awameh
1991:Nougat
1976:Meghli
1966:Dragée
1786:Awarma
1761:Tharid
1756:Fatteh
1701:Bulgur
1681:Mahshi
1656:Mansaf
1644:Dishes
1615:Samosa
1554:Harees
1533:Yakhni
1525:Chorba
1508:Qishta
1483:Labneh
1478:Jameed
1433:Ackawi
1409:Yogurt
1394:Tahini
1384:Torshi
1379:Balila
1349:Yabrak
1344:Labneh
1339:Kibbeh
1319:Hummus
1268:Samoon
1236:Breads
1130:Sahlab
1110:Jallab
968:
935:
911:
779:
751:
710:
686:
442:salepi
431:σαλέπι
422:saḥlab
407:Hebrew
403:səhləb
366:saḥlab
351:Arabic
289:. The
271:scurvy
257:leaves
253:Smyrna
249:Saloop
228:Saloop
222:saloop
187:Skopje
160:Arabic
137:saḥlab
133:Arabic
88:Orchis
83:tubers
79:sahlab
75:sahlep
53:
18:Saloop
4769:Salep
4618:Tatar
4578:Greek
4517:Kazan
4507:Cezve
4481:Thyme
4446:Onion
4416:Cumin
4339:Zerde
4300:Tahin
4205:Macun
4200:Lokum
4195:Lokma
4125:Hoşaf
4115:Helva
4035:Aşure
3973:Köfte
3926:Kebab
3909:Yahni
3894:Türlü
3869:Siron
3854:Pilav
3809:Mantı
3794:Lepsi
3729:Kömbe
3644:Börek
3546:Çorba
3538:Soups
3398:Sucuk
3393:Sarma
3388:Piyaz
3348:Kısır
3328:Katık
3323:Humus
3318:Dolma
3298:Cacık
3288:Acuka
3252:Simit
3227:Nokul
3222:Lavaş
3197:Boyoz
3139:Wines
3121:Tekel
3095:Beers
3086:Kefir
3071:Ayran
3036:Salep
3021:Mırra
2906:Kazan
2901:Raʾwa
2878:Thyme
2848:Onion
2838:Olive
2808:Cumin
2699:Majun
2679:Halva
2669:Hurma
2628:Kofta
2618:Kebab
2602:Pilaf
2557:Börek
2504:Soups
2444:Sarma
2366:Katma
2361:Ka'ak
2343:Ksara
2338:Wines
2309:Ayran
2082:Raʾwa
1981:Sfouf
1926:Halwa
1901:Booza
1870:Kofta
1833:Kebab
1666:Kabsa
1625:Sfiha
1620:Börek
1584:Bamia
1564:Pacha
1498:Laban
1493:Kashk
1374:Sujuk
1364:Raheb
1278:Nokul
1248:Khubz
1243:Ka'ak
1203:Wines
1175:Beers
1163:Leben
1158:Ayran
1041:Salep
482:salep
471:салеп
462:salep
451:салеп
427:Greek
395:salep
386:salep
375:սալեպ
149:salep
129:salep
71:Salep
32:Salep
4558:Arab
4436:Mint
4373:Leek
4358:Bean
4250:Pişi
3784:Lâpa
3281:Meze
3237:Pişi
3232:Pide
3130:Rakı
3114:Pera
3107:Efes
3081:Boza
3051:Şıra
2927:Arab
2828:Mint
2763:Leek
2748:Bean
2401:Meze
2376:Pita
2331:Arak
2316:Beer
2284:Dibs
2113:Arab
1956:Raha
1806:Zarb
1488:Feta
1399:Toum
1297:Meze
1253:Pita
1171:Arak
1125:Dibs
1120:Mate
966:ISBN
933:ISBN
909:ISBN
883:2019
825:2015
777:ISBN
749:ISBN
708:ISBN
684:ISBN
355:سحلب
335:ثعلب
201:and
193:The
169:lit.
97:and
4532:Sac
4441:Nut
2833:Nut
2279:Mur
1115:Mur
77:or
4884::
1019:.
994:.
982:.
949:.
873:.
815:.
589:.
571:.
549:.
519:.
505:^
473:,
469::
465:;
453:,
449::
445:;
433:,
429::
425:;
413:,
409::
405:;
401::
397:;
393::
389:;
377:,
373::
369:;
357:,
353::
349:;
337:,
333::
329:;
325::
166:,
162::
4686:e
4679:t
4672:v
4302:-
2996:e
2989:t
2982:v
2234:e
2227:t
2220:v
1070:e
1063:t
1056:v
1023:.
1011:.
1000:.
986:.
974:.
941:.
917:.
885:.
841:.
827:.
757:.
593:.
575:.
158:(
140:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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