3198:
683:
675:
252:
4401:
3109:
532:
508:
499:
repatriates from
Eastern Europe were settled in the Saterland, leading to Standard German gradually replacing Saterfrisian. While the predicted language death in the late 20th century did not happen, and the number of speakers being stable, the Saterfrisian speaking community nowadays make up only a minority of those living in the Saterland.
577:. According to the app's description, it aims at making the language fun for children to learn, as it teaches them Saterlandic vocabulary in many different domains (the supermarket, the farm, the church). There have been more than 500 downloads of the app since its release in December 2016, according to statistics on Google Play Store.
519:
Today, estimates of the number of speakers vary slightly. Saterland
Frisian is spoken by about 2,250 people, out of a total population in Saterland of some 10,000; an estimated 2,000 people speak the language well, slightly fewer than half of those being native speakers. The great majority of native
473:
In East Frisia, the assimilation of
Frisian speakers into the Low German speaking population was well under way in the early 16th century. The dialect of the Saterland persisted mostly due to geography: As the Saterland is surrounded by bogland, its inhabitants had few contacts with adjacent regions.
559:
Children's books in
Saterlandic are few, compared to those in German. Margaretha (Gretchen) Grosser, a retired member of the community of Saterland, has translated many children's books from German into Saterlandic. A full list of the books and the time of their publication can be seen on the German
2969:. The program is aired every other Sunday from 11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. The first hour of the program is usually reserved for Saterland Frisian. The program usually consists of interviews about local issues between music. The station can be streamed live though the station's Internet page.
498:
Colonialization of the bogland, the construction of roads and railways led to the
Saterland being less isolated. Still, Saterfrisian managed, because most of the community living in the Saterland continued to use the language. This common linguistic area was disturbed following World War II. German
2876:
relatively recently. German orthography cannot adequately represent the vowel rich
Frisian language. Until the mid-20th century, scholars researching it developed their own orthography. The poet Gesina Lechte-Siemer, who published poems in Saterfrisian since the 1930s, adopted a proposal by the
2909:
So far, no standard has evolved. Those projects tutored by Kramer use his orthography while Fort published his works in his orthography, which is also recognized by the German authorities. Others use a compromise. This lack of standards leads to the village
2012:
Voiced velar fricative, unvoiced in the syllable coda and before an unvoiced consonant. Younger speakers show a tendency towards using the plosive instead of , as in German, but that development has not yet been reported in most scientific studies.
2889:
used
Brouwer's Dutch-based orthography as a basis for his own proposal. The most notable difference between the two orthographies is the way long vowels are represented. Kramer proposes that long vowels always be spelled with a double vowels
3641:
495:. The resulting border was not merely political, but also denominational, as the Saterland was recatholicized. The Saterland was linguistically and culturally different from Oldenburg, too. This led to further isolation.
2880:
In the 1950s Jelle
Brouwer, professor in Groningen, an orthography based on the Dutch one, which failed to gain widespread acceptance. The West Frisian Pyt Kramer, who did research in Saterfrisian, developed a
3611:
552:, helped preserve the language and revive interest among speakers in transmitting it to the next generation. During the last century, a small literature developed in it. Also, the New Testament of the
2813:
2627:
Numbers one through three in
Saterland Frisian vary in form based on the gender of the noun they occur with. In the table, "m." stands for masculine, "f." for feminine, and "n." for neuter.
612:
The German government has not committed significant resources to the preservation of Sater
Frisian. Most of the work to secure the endurance of this language is therefore done by the
548:
Since about 1800, Sater Frisian has attracted the interest of a growing number of linguists. Media coverage sometimes argues that this linguistic interest, particularly the work of
3585:
3977:
3619:
474:
The villages built on sandy hills were basically like islands. Until the 19th century, the settlement area was almost exclusively reachable by boat via the river
3165:
refers to a monolingual population of 5,000, but this number originally was not of speakers but of persons who counted themselves ethnically Saterland Frisian.
658:
The phonology of Saterland Frisian is regarded as very conservative linguistically, as the entire East Frisian language group was conservative with regards to
3870:
DÀt NÀie TÀstamÀnt un do Psoolme in ju aasterlauwersfrÀiske Uurtoal fon dÀt Seelterlound, FrÀislound, Butjoarlound, AastfrÀislound un do Groninger Umelounde
2896:'to speak'), while Fort maintains, that long vowels in open syllables be spelled with a single vowels, as Frisian vowels in open syllables are always long (
5149:
470:. Since the sparse population at the time of their arrival spoke Old Saxon, the Frisian language of the settlers came into close contact with Low German.
621:
2934:
632:
There are three fully mutually intelligible dialects, corresponding to the three main villages of the municipality of Saterland: Ramsloh (Saterlandic:
3211:
3672:
Versloot, Arjen (2001). "GrundzĂŒge Ostfriesischer Sprachgeschichte" [Outlines of East Frisian linguistic history]. In Munske, Horst (ed.).
528:, as several reports suggest that the number of speakers is rising among the younger generation, some of whom raise their children in Saterlandic.
2948:, publishes occasional articles in Saterland Frisian. The articles are also made available on the newspaper's Internet page, under the headline
4389:
5524:
4602:
4367:
5322:
4047:
3049:
3936:
Fort, Marron C. (2001) Das Saterfrisische. In Munske, Horst Haider (ed.), Handbuch des Friesischen, 409â422. Berlin: DeGruyter Mouton
3907:
3875:
The New Testament and the Psalms in the East Low Franconian language of Saterland, Frisia, Butjadingen, East Frisia and Ommelande
6557:
6552:
2854:, 'Augustinus said and said'). Another word, common in earlier forms of Western Germanic, but survived only in East Frisian is
589:
3561:
650:). The Ramsloh dialect now somewhat enjoys a status as a standard language, since a grammar and a word list were based on it.
3846:
3743:
3478:
3385:
5139:
2149:
so /z/ is probably not a phoneme. Younger speakers tend to use more, for the combination of /s/ + another consonant: in
1777:
1769:
305:
6051:
4382:
3036:
FersÀikenge, man rÀdde uus fóar dÀt Kwode. Dan dienen is dÀt Riek un ju KrÀÀft un ju Heerdelkaid bit in alle Eeuwigaid.
3882:
3753:
3685:
3421:
3335:
3327:
Spurensuche im Saterland: Ein Lesebuch zur Geschichte einer Gemeinde friesischen Ursprungs im Oldenburger MĂŒnsterland
3303:
3274:
450:. Low German, which is closely related to Saterland Frisian, lacks many North Sea Germanic features already from the
4595:
4040:
1651:
295:
3290:
Nielsen, Hans Frede (2001). "Frisian and the Grouping of the Older Germanic Languages". In Munske, Horst (ed.).
6547:
2142:
Voiced in the syllable onset is unusual for Frisian dialects and also rare in Saterlandic. There is no known
466:, who left their homelands around 1100 A.D. due to natural disasters, established the Frisian language in the
6418:
4375:
4397:
6448:
5618:
5580:
5565:
3222:
2978:
1688:
1658:
228:
4892:
4229:
2380:
2348:
2326:
2302:
2279:
2257:
2235:
2189:
2165:
2119:
2087:
2060:
2021:
1989:
1943:
1920:
1897:
1875:
1853:
1831:
1518:
1497:
1476:
1455:
1434:
1413:
1392:
1371:
1351:
1330:
1309:
1288:
1267:
1246:
1225:
1204:
1163:
1142:
1121:
1104:
1083:
1062:
1041:
1020:
999:
978:
937:
916:
875:
854:
833:
812:
791:
770:
749:
728:
696:
6428:
6288:
5638:
5597:
5587:
4588:
4519:
1672:
181:
4033:
1784:
1589:
1582:
4009:
491:, which came into existence in the 15th century, but changed hands frequently until it became part of
6145:
1800:
1695:
1665:
3197:
2368:
in onsets and between vowels. After vowels or in codas, it becomes . Younger speakers tend to use a
6423:
6377:
6372:
6296:
5906:
5890:
5769:
5628:
5519:
5514:
240:
3654:(in German) (4 ed.), Berlin: Bundesministerium fĂŒr Inneres, Bau und Sicherheit, November 2020
2805:
The Saterlfrisian language preserved some lexical peculiarities of East Frisian, such as the verb
604:" ("Under this face mask, Saterfrisian is spoken") written on them gaining some local popularity.
6362:
6306:
6301:
6221:
5894:
5844:
5144:
4962:
4718:
4646:
4634:
4099:
4075:
3643:
Nationale Minderheiten, Minderheitensprachen und die Regionalsprache Niederdeutsch in Deutschland
1621:
1614:
1596:
435:
104:
94:
84:
6484:
6204:
5602:
3261:(2001). "Das Saterfriesische" [The Saterland Frisian language]. In Munske, Horst (ed.).
2630:
For the purposes of comparison, here is a table with numbers 1â10 in 4 West Germanic languages:
6367:
5849:
5815:
5433:
5249:
5109:
4949:
4844:
4491:
4486:
4459:
4420:
4320:
4214:
4086:
3006:
This all has happened, so that it would come true, what the Lord through the prophet has said;
1702:
617:
484:). The exception being walking on frozen or dried out bogland during times of extreme weather.
412:
369:
365:
275:
2157:) not but . That development, however, has not yet been reported in most scientific studies.
6525:
6489:
5757:
5750:
5702:
5472:
5443:
5412:
5375:
5300:
5057:
4970:
4831:
4793:
4199:
4153:
4122:
1762:
1750:
1725:
1718:
561:
488:
408:
389:
357:
266:
114:
5990:
4865:
392:. Emsfrisian used to be spoken in the western half of the East Frisian peninsula and in the
6494:
6474:
6443:
6316:
6176:
5922:
5740:
5332:
5159:
5121:
5116:
4990:
4937:
4695:
4565:
4405:
4258:
4117:
2882:
1628:
454:
period onward. In turn, Saterland Frisian has had prolonged close contact with Low German.
427:) is the closest to Saterland Frisian. The closest language other than Frisian dialects is
6150:
2372:
instead. That development, however, has not yet been reported in most scientific studies.
8:
6433:
5669:
5623:
5557:
5310:
4957:
4870:
4668:
4333:
4094:
3648:
National minorities, minority languages and the regional language Lower German in Germany
2939:
1638:
521:
492:
5980:
5825:
5072:
6479:
6403:
6331:
6321:
6276:
6038:
5965:
5862:
5707:
5682:
5677:
5570:
5398:
5283:
5104:
4882:
4877:
4856:
4817:
4621:
4611:
4524:
4514:
4343:
4295:
4290:
4275:
4185:
3964:
3724:
3440:
3258:
3142:
2988:
2886:
2365:
1732:
1552:
663:
549:
447:
89:
57:
5633:
3414:
Voyage through OsnabrĂŒck and NeumĂŒnster into the Saterland, East Frisia and Groeningen
2999:
Dut aal is geskÀin, dÀt dÀt uutkume skuul, wÀt die Here truch dÀn Profeet kweden hÀd;
220:
6453:
6252:
6168:
6161:
6116:
6060:
5820:
5810:
5793:
5788:
5692:
5575:
5454:
5254:
5215:
5195:
5033:
4925:
4907:
4759:
4546:
4481:
4454:
4239:
4234:
4056:
3968:
3888:
3878:
3842:
3749:
3728:
3681:
3474:
3417:
3410:
Reise durch OsnabrĂŒck und NiedermĂŒnster in das Saterland, Ostfriesland und Groeningen
3381:
3369:
3341:
3331:
3299:
3270:
3132:
2830:, German: Doch gibt es Leute, die da sprechen; 'Yet there are people, who speak') or
1681:
1607:
1562:
585:
525:
416:
361:
257:
109:
682:
400:, formerly spoken from the eastern half of the East Frisian peninsula to beyond the
301:
6408:
6199:
6133:
6089:
6084:
6044:
6033:
6025:
5830:
5798:
5745:
5734:
5647:
5356:
5295:
5085:
5067:
4902:
4663:
4655:
4536:
4325:
4251:
3956:
3716:
3015:
2945:
2873:
2369:
1557:
1547:
428:
6245:
3161:
A number of 6,370 speakers is cited by Fort, a 1995 poll counted 2,225 speakers;
6438:
6398:
6231:
6138:
6121:
6106:
6101:
6094:
5803:
5712:
5697:
5652:
5504:
5467:
5459:
5438:
5425:
5405:
5391:
5154:
5131:
5062:
5052:
5044:
4824:
4476:
4449:
4424:
4192:
3372:[Saterland Frisian language]. In Beyer, Rahel; Plewnia, Albrecht (eds.).
3127:
3028:
lĂ€it dien Riek boalde kume, lĂ€it din Wille geskjo so in dĂ€n Hemel as ap ju Ăide.
2817:
1742:
1712:
76:
4281:
3380:] (in German) (1 ed.). TĂŒbingen: Gunter Narr Verlag. pp. 139â171.
674:
567:
Recent efforts to revitalize Saterlandic include the creation of an app called "
233:
6519:
6413:
6393:
6345:
6237:
6111:
5781:
5548:
5487:
5266:
5223:
5180:
5097:
5092:
4981:
4931:
4782:
4733:
4688:
4681:
4553:
4541:
4509:
4358:
4245:
4134:
3546:
3525:
3114:
2902:'to speak'). Both proposals use almost no diacritics, apart from Fort's use of
1569:
520:
speakers belong to the older generation; Saterland Frisian is thus a seriously
512:
443:
148:
3960:
3720:
251:
6541:
6469:
6311:
6067:
6018:
5835:
5774:
5687:
5592:
5530:
5477:
5361:
5288:
4285:
3892:
3345:
3185:
2984:
1644:
1575:
700:
4003:
6338:
5762:
5726:
5659:
5482:
5305:
5278:
5261:
5205:
5164:
4746:
4725:
4531:
3416:] (in German) (reprint ed.). Leer: Theodor Schuster. p. 130.
3054:
3032:
Un ferreke uus uus Skeelden, so as wie ze uus Skeeldlju-dene ferroat hÀbe.
2903:
2143:
353:
155:
5985:
3868:
3494:
3325:
423:. Among the living Frisian dialects, the one spoken in Heligoland (called
204:
6155:
6128:
5946:
5854:
5536:
5497:
5080:
4775:
4739:
4674:
4068:
659:
574:
463:
420:
6000:
3820:
Das Saterland: Eine Darstellung von Land, Leben, Leuten in Wort und Bild
3808:
Das Saterland: Eine Darstellung von Land, Leben, Leuten in Wort und Bild
620:
and five other languages, Sater Frisian was included in Part III of the
556:
was translated into Sater Frisian by Fort, who was himself a Christian.
5995:
5975:
5340:
5010:
4711:
4558:
4471:
3190:
3162:
2962:
475:
439:
393:
99:
6181:
5929:
5492:
5273:
5228:
5200:
5026:
4580:
581:
536:
467:
451:
373:
349:
213:
197:
47:
6005:
4025:
419:
of the Germanic languages. The three Frisian languages evolved from
5970:
5318:
4315:
3137:
2911:
424:
344:
313:
598:" being adopted with face masks having the Saterfrisian sentence "
515:, with the second line showing the place name in Saterland Frisian
6011:
5607:
5509:
4400:
3588:[How does "facemask" translate into Saterland Frisian?].
2397:
As in English, it is realised as a bilabial semivowel only after
1796:
309:
37:
3841:] (in German). Rhauderfehn: Ostendorp Verlag. pp. 5â8.
3473:] (in German). Oldenburg: Oldenburgische Landschaft Verlag.
5314:
4338:
3941:
Kute Seelter Sproakleere - Kurze Grammatik des Saterfriesischen
3835:
Kute Seelter Sproakleere = Kurze Grammatik des Saterfriesischen
3748:(1 ed.). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co. p. 192.
3122:
3065:), which is considered to be the regional anthem of Saterland:
2075:
Normally a voiced labio-dental fricative like in German, after
1958:
A realization especially used by younger speakers instead of .
531:
4020:
3614:[BĂ€te dusse SkĂŒĂŒldouk wĂ€dt Seeltersk boald! Got it?].
3612:"BĂ€te dusse SkĂŒĂŒldouk wĂ€dt Seeltersk boald! Alles verstanden?"
5232:
2312:
553:
401:
2079:
it is however realised as bilabial semi-vowel (see below).
4014:
3812:
The Saterland: A depiction of the land, customes and people
2861:
592:
held in late 2020 / early 2021 which resulted in the term "
507:
3541:
3520:
2987:
in Saterland Frisian, published in 2000 and translated by
2417:
The subject pronouns of Saterland Frisian are as follows:
2103:
Realised voicelessly before voiceless consonants: du skrÀi
312:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
384:
From a diachronical perspective, Saterland Frisian is an
4108:
3906:
Slofstra, Bouke; Hoekstra, Eric; Leppers, Tessa (2021).
1803:. Older speakers and a few others may use voiced codas.
3905:
3060:
2949:
2921:
2915:
2897:
2891:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2806:
645:
639:
633:
599:
593:
479:
338:
3780:(in Saterland Frisian). Rhauderfehn: Ostendorp Verlag.
2944:, a German-language regional daily newspaper based in
2523:
The numbers 1â10 in Saterland Frisian are as follows:
3877:] (in Saterland Frisian). Oldenburg: Bis-Verlag.
2961:
broadcasts a 2-hour program in Saterland Frisian and
3523:[A language spoken in just three villages].
3104:
2836:('to say') compare English 'quoth'. In Old Frisian,
186:
Seelter Buund in Saterland/Seelterlound (unofficial)
3586:"Was heiĂt "Mund-Nasen-Schutz" auf Saterfriesisch?"
622:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
3680:] (in German). TĂŒbingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.
3269:] (in German). TĂŒbingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.
2906:to differentiate long vowels from semi-long ones.
434:Frisian and English are often grouped together as
3949:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
3709:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
1935:May be voiced in syllable coda by older speakers
543:
6539:
3975:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3745:The Personal Pronouns in the Germanic Languages
3026:Uus Foar in dÀn Hemel, din Nome wÀide heliged,
2920:on its town sign instead of the currently used
662:. The following tables are based on studies by
396:. The other East Frisian dialect group was the
3791:Buma, Jan Wybren; Ebel, Wilhelm, eds. (1967).
3374:Handbuch der Sprachminderheiten in Deutschland
2979:Frisian languages § Comparative sentences
678:Chart of Saterland Frisian monophthongs, from
356:in Germany, is the last living dialect of the
4596:
4383:
4041:
3855:
3775:
3618:(in German). 21 February 2021. Archived from
3460:
3458:
3435:
3433:
3449:Dictionary of the Saterland Frisian language
3378:Handbook of linguistic minorities in Germany
3363:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3355:
686:Chart of Saterland Frisian diphthongs, from
568:
487:Politically, the land did not belong to the
3562:"Kleine Saterfriesen - Apps on Google Play"
3464:
4603:
4589:
4390:
4376:
4048:
4034:
3947:Peters, Jörg (2017). "Saterland Frisian".
3707:Peters, Jörg (2017). "Saterland Frisian".
3455:
3430:
2827:Daach rakt et Ljude, doo deer baale âŠ
601:BĂ€te dusse SkĂŒĂŒldouk wĂ€dt Seeltersk boald!
580:The language remains capable of producing
502:
250:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3352:
584:as evidenced by a competition during the
3976:Slofstra, Bouke; Hoekstra, Eric (2022).
3814:]. Vol. 1. Oldenburg: Stalling.
3795:. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
3790:
3671:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3155:
3030:Dou uus dÀlig dÀt Brood, dÀt wie bruke.
681:
673:
530:
506:
3817:
3805:
3289:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3243:
2957:As of 2004, the regional radio station
446:, are grouped together under the label
306:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
6540:
4610:
3946:
3832:
3706:
3695:
3544:[The last Saterland Frisian].
3539:
3518:
3367:
3323:
3298:]. TĂŒbingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.
343:
6274:
5888:
4632:
4584:
4371:
4055:
4029:
3540:Keller, Martina (28 September 2009).
3407:
3312:
3048:A preview of the first stanza of the
1912:Occasionally voiced in syllable coda
703:depending on its syllable structure.
699:is often realised as a vowel in the
616:("Saterlandic Alliance"). Along with
360:. It is closely related to the other
3991:Das Saterland und das SaterlÀndische
3866:
3741:
3467:Das Saterland und das SaterlÀndische
3439:
3330:(in German). Norden: Soltau-Kurier.
3257:
3240:
3077:Man wÀt gungt deer wÀil uur Seelter,
3067:
3020:
2993:
2679:two (and the old masculine 'twain')
2412:
5165:Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German
3822:. Vol. 2. Oldenburg: Stalling.
3519:Keller, Martina (15 January 2015).
3086:There are many people and countries
2877:cultural historian Julius Bröring.
2210:
2181:Only in syllable nucleus and coda.
2036:Realised voicedly by a suffix: ljoo
524:. It might, however, no longer be
13:
6524:Languages between parentheses are
5889:
3923:
3451:] (in German). Hamburg: Buske.
3179:
2851:Augustinus seith ande queth âŠ
2364:Traditionally, a rolled or simple
607:
588:to create a Saterfrisian word for
372:, spoken in the Dutch province of
14:
6569:
3997:
3408:Hoche, Johann Gottfried (1977) .
1799:in the syllable coda are usually
1783:
1776:
1768:
1749:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1595:
1588:
1581:
379:
368:, spoken in Germany as well, and
4399:
3979:Sprachlehre des Saterfriesischen
3678:Handbook of the Frisian language
3296:Handbook of the Frisian language
3267:Handbook of the Frisian language
3196:
3107:
256:Present-day distribution of the
3899:
3839:A short Grammar of Saterfrisian
3826:
3799:
3784:
3769:
3735:
3665:
3634:
3604:
3578:
3554:
3533:
3512:
3487:
2929:
690:
6528:of the language on their left.
3909:Grammatik des Saterfriesischen
3776:Lechte-Siemer, Gesina (1977).
3521:"Eine Sprache fĂŒr drei Dörfer"
3401:
3283:
3204:
3090:But what goes well over Sater,
2972:
2867:
544:Current revitalization efforts
438:. Today, English, Frisian and
1:
6558:Endangered diaspora languages
6553:Endangered Germanic languages
6419:Germanic substrate hypothesis
6275:
3915:. Fryske Akademie. p. 9.
3592:(in German). 27 December 2020
3471:The Saterland and Saterlandic
3221:. p. 252. Archived from
3172:
3079:Un uurât litje Seelterlound?
3073:Ljude rakt et fuul un Lounde,
2800:
2407:
1964:
1537:
1182:
573:" (Little Sater Frisians) on
6449:Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
5140:Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
3989:Stellmacher, Dieter (1998):
3867:Fort, Marron Curtis (2000).
3465:Stellmacher, Dieter (1998).
3075:Do ap Goddes Wareld stounde.
2811:replacing the equivalent of
2216:
1970:
1812:
1188:
962:
900:
712:
653:
7:
6429:High German consonant shift
4004:Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch
3931:Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch
3445:Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch
3100:
3092:About the small Saterland?
2872:Saterland Frisian became a
1806:
627:
539:with names in Sater Frisian
10:
6574:
4967:WestlauwersâTerschellings
4620:According to contemporary
2976:
646:
640:
634:
457:
6511:
6462:
6386:
6355:
6287:
6283:
6270:
6219:
6192:
6146:Southern Schleswig Danish
6077:
5958:
5914:
5905:
5901:
5884:
5725:
5668:
5556:
5547:
5452:
5424:
5383:
5374:
5349:
5331:
5242:
5214:
5188:
5179:
5130:
5043:
5018:
5009:
4948:
4843:
4792:
4767:
4758:
4654:
4645:
4641:
4628:
4618:
4502:
4442:
4433:
4412:
4352:
4308:
4267:
4222:
4213:
4177:
4161:
4152:
4085:
4063:
3961:10.1017/S0025100317000226
3943:. Rhauderfehn: Ostendorp.
3721:10.1017/S0025100317000226
3219:The Linguasphere Register
3088:who stand on God's earth,
3071:
3024:
2997:
2478:
2463:
2448:
2433:
2422:
1761:
1741:
1711:
1637:
1568:
1544:
669:
292:
249:
239:
227:
211:
195:
190:
180:
166:
161:
145:
73:
63:
53:
43:
33:
26:
21:
6424:West Germanic gemination
6378:Ancient Belgian language
6373:Germanic parent language
6317:Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)
5439:Austrian Standard German
4633:
3933:. Hamburg: Helmut Buske.
3929:Fort, Marron C. (1980):
3818:Bröring, Julius (1901).
3806:Bröring, Julius (1897).
3674:Handbuch des Friesischen
3542:"Der letzte Saterfriese"
3292:Handbuch des Friesischen
3263:Handbuch des Friesischen
3148:
2885:. The American linguist
3061:
2950:
2922:
2916:
2898:
2892:
2860:meaning 'knife' (comp.
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2807:
600:
594:
503:Geographic distribution
480:
436:Anglo-Frisian languages
339:
16:Dialect of East Frisian
6485:Preterite-present verb
6368:Proto-Germanic grammar
6322:North Sea (Ingvaeonic)
5434:German Standard German
5110:East Frisian Low Saxon
4492:Lower Sorbian language
4487:Upper Sorbian language
4321:East Frisian Low Saxon
3742:Howe, Stephen (1996).
3324:Klöver, Hanne (1998).
3084:
3004:
2983:Below is a snippet of
2824:in all contexts (e.g.
2821:
687:
679:
569:
540:
516:
294:This article contains
6548:East Frisian language
6490:Grammatischer Wechsel
5473:Namibian Black German
5444:Swiss Standard German
5413:Early New High German
4971:Mainland West Frisian
4832:Harlingerland Frisian
4230:Bökingharde (Mooring)
4123:Mainland West Frisian
3368:Peters, Jörg (2020).
685:
677:
644:), and StrĂŒcklingen (
590:anti-Covid face masks
534:
510:
489:County of East Frisia
390:East Frisian language
358:East Frisian language
6495:Indo-European ablaut
6475:Germanic strong verb
6444:Germanic spirant law
5581:Southeast Limburgish
5077:Gelders-Overijssels
4706:Irish Middle English
4696:Early Modern English
4566:German Sign Language
4425:Standard High German
4406:Languages of Germany
3939:Kramer, Pyt (1982):
3833:Kramer, Pyt (1982).
2883:phonemic orthography
624:by Germany in 1998.
6463:Synchronic features
6434:Germanic a-mutation
6387:Diachronic features
5737:in the broad sense
5670:East Central German
5624:Lorraine Franconian
5598:Transylvanian Saxon
5558:West Central German
5333:East Low Franconian
5243:West Low Franconian
4334:Stadsfries dialects
4309:Substratum dialects
3622:on 21 February 2021
3441:Fort, Marron Curtis
3259:Fort, Marron Curtis
1801:terminally devoiced
570:Kleine Saterfriesen
522:endangered language
493:County of Oldenburg
345:[ËseËltÉsk]
168:Recognised minority
6480:Germanic weak verb
6289:Language subgroups
5639:Pennsylvania Dutch
5588:Moselle Franconian
5566:Central Franconian
5399:Middle High German
5150:Central Pomeranian
5105:Northern Low Saxon
4818:Wangerooge Frisian
4612:Germanic languages
4520:Moselle Franconian
4344:West Frisian Dutch
4010:NĂ€ie Seelter Siede
3143:Saterland Frisians
3034:Un lede uus nit in
2989:Marron Curtis Fort
2946:Oldenburg, Germany
2887:Marron Curtis Fort
2636:Saterland Frisian
2529:Saterland Frisian
688:
680:
562:Margaretha Grosser
560:Knowledge page of
550:Marron Curtis Fort
541:
517:
448:North Sea Germanic
415:it belongs to the
100:North Sea Germanic
58:Saterland Frisians
6535:
6534:
6520:extinct languages
6507:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6454:Great Vowel Shift
6266:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6215:
6214:
6061:Greenlandic Norse
5880:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5811:Southern Bavarian
5794:Northern Bavarian
5770:Highest Alemannic
5721:
5720:
5455:standard variants
5370:
5369:
5216:Standard variants
5175:
5174:
5034:Middle Low German
5005:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4805:Saterland Frisian
4578:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4434:Regional/minority
4413:Official language
4365:
4364:
4359:extinct languages
4304:
4303:
4209:
4208:
4148:
4147:
4137:
4057:Frisian languages
4015:Seeltersk Kontoor
3985:. Fryske Akademy.
3848:978-3-921516-35-5
3778:Ju Seelter Kroune
3480:978-3-89598-567-6
3387:978-3-8233-8261-4
3228:on 27 August 2014
3194:(21st ed., 2018)
3186:Saterland Frisian
3133:Frisian languages
3098:
3097:
3046:
3045:
3012:
3011:
2985:the New Testament
2798:
2797:
2625:
2624:
2521:
2520:
2413:Personal pronouns
2405:
2404:
2208:
2207:
1962:
1961:
1793:
1792:
1684:
1647:
1610:
1578:
1535:
1534:
1180:
1179:
954:
953:
895:Semi-long vowels:
892:
891:
586:Covid-19 pandemic
442:, sometimes also
362:Frisian languages
348:), spoken in the
323:Saterland Frisian
320:
319:
302:rendering support
298:phonetic symbols.
285:Saterland Frisian
258:Frisian languages
182:Regulated by
123:Saterland Frisian
69:2,000 (2015)
22:Saterland Frisian
6565:
6312:Elbe (Irminonic)
6285:
6284:
6272:
6271:
6200:Mainland Gutnish
6090:Swedish dialects
6052:Middle Icelandic
6026:Middle Norwegian
5915:Historical forms
5912:
5911:
5903:
5902:
5886:
5885:
5845:South Franconian
5831:Hutterite German
5799:Central Bavarian
5619:Rhine Franconian
5554:
5553:
5384:Historical forms
5381:
5380:
5296:Surinamese Dutch
5189:Historical forms
5186:
5185:
5019:Historical forms
5016:
5015:
4768:Historical forms
4765:
4764:
4652:
4651:
4643:
4642:
4630:
4629:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4582:
4581:
4440:
4439:
4404:
4403:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4369:
4368:
4220:
4219:
4159:
4158:
4133:
4106:
4105:
4100:Schiermonnikoogs
4050:
4043:
4036:
4027:
4026:
3986:
3984:
3972:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3864:
3853:
3852:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3815:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3704:
3693:
3691:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3653:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3495:"Saterfriesisch"
3491:
3485:
3484:
3462:
3453:
3452:
3437:
3428:
3427:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3370:"Saterfriesisch"
3365:
3350:
3349:
3321:
3310:
3309:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3255:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3227:
3216:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3183:
3166:
3159:
3117:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3021:
2994:
2959:Ems-Vechte-Welle
2953:
2943:
2935:Nordwest-Zeitung
2925:
2919:
2901:
2895:
2874:written language
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2816:
2810:
2633:
2632:
2526:
2525:
2420:
2419:
2382:
2350:
2328:
2304:
2281:
2259:
2237:
2215:
2214:
2211:Other consonants
2191:
2167:
2121:
2089:
2062:
2023:
1991:
1969:
1968:
1945:
1922:
1899:
1877:
1855:
1833:
1811:
1810:
1787:
1780:
1772:
1753:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1680:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1643:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1574:
1542:
1541:
1520:
1499:
1478:
1457:
1436:
1415:
1394:
1373:
1353:
1332:
1311:
1290:
1269:
1248:
1227:
1206:
1187:
1186:
1165:
1144:
1123:
1106:
1085:
1064:
1043:
1022:
1001:
980:
961:
960:
939:
918:
899:
898:
877:
856:
835:
814:
793:
772:
751:
730:
711:
710:
698:
649:
648:
643:
642:
637:
636:
603:
597:
572:
483:
352:municipality of
347:
342:
325:, also known as
282:
273:
264:
254:
223:
207:
200:
170:language in
151:
79:
19:
18:
6573:
6572:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6564:
6563:
6562:
6538:
6537:
6536:
6531:
6499:
6458:
6439:Germanic umlaut
6404:Holtzmann's law
6382:
6351:
6279:
6258:
6211:
6188:
6122:South Jutlandic
6107:Danish dialects
6073:
5954:
5897:
5868:
5850:East Franconian
5804:Viennese German
5717:
5698:Silesian German
5664:
5653:Central Hessian
5543:
5468:Namibian German
5457:
5448:
5426:Standard German
5420:
5406:New High German
5392:Old High German
5366:
5345:
5327:
5238:
5210:
5171:
5155:East Pomeranian
5145:Brandenburgisch
5132:East Low German
5126:
5053:Dutch Low Saxon
5045:West Low German
5039:
4997:
4963:Schiermonnikoog
4944:
4839:
4825:Wursten Frisian
4788:
4754:
4637:
4624:
4614:
4609:
4579:
4570:
4498:
4435:
4429:
4408:
4398:
4396:
4366:
4361:
4348:
4300:
4263:
4205:
4173:
4144:
4110:
4104:
4081:
4059:
4054:
4000:
3982:
3926:
3924:Further reading
3921:
3920:
3912:
3904:
3900:
3885:
3865:
3856:
3849:
3831:
3827:
3816:
3804:
3800:
3789:
3785:
3774:
3770:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3740:
3736:
3705:
3696:
3688:
3670:
3666:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3625:
3623:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3595:
3593:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3570:
3568:
3566:play.google.com
3560:
3559:
3555:
3538:
3534:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3481:
3463:
3456:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3406:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3366:
3353:
3338:
3322:
3313:
3306:
3288:
3284:
3277:
3256:
3241:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3195:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3169:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3128:Frisian Islands
3113:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3052:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3008:
3001:
2981:
2975:
2937:
2932:
2870:
2812:
2803:
2415:
2410:
2213:
2204:Only in onset.
1967:
1809:
1540:
1185:
693:
672:
656:
630:
610:
608:Official Status
546:
505:
460:
388:dialect of the
382:
300:Without proper
288:
287:
280:
278:
271:
269:
262:
219:
203:
196:
176:
171:
169:
162:Official status
152:
147:
141:
80:
77:Language family
75:
66:
65:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
6571:
6561:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6529:
6522:
6512:
6509:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6466:
6464:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6390:
6388:
6384:
6383:
6381:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6363:Proto-Germanic
6359:
6357:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6342:
6335:
6327:
6326:
6325:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6304:
6299:
6293:
6291:
6281:
6280:
6268:
6267:
6264:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6256:
6249:
6242:
6238:Crimean Gothic
6227:
6225:
6217:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6209:
6208:
6207:
6202:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6186:
6185:
6184:
6174:
6173:
6172:
6165:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6142:
6141:
6136:
6126:
6125:
6124:
6114:
6112:Insular Danish
6109:
6099:
6098:
6097:
6095:Rinkebysvenska
6092:
6081:
6079:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6071:
6064:
6057:
6056:
6055:
6048:
6036:
6031:
6030:
6029:
6022:
6015:
6009:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5962:
5960:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5951:
5950:
5943:
5941:Old East Norse
5938:
5936:Old West Norse
5926:
5918:
5916:
5909:
5899:
5898:
5882:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5866:
5859:
5858:
5857:
5847:
5842:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5816:South Tyrolean
5808:
5807:
5806:
5796:
5786:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5767:
5766:
5765:
5758:High Alemannic
5755:
5754:
5753:
5748:
5731:
5729:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5674:
5672:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5645:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5636:
5626:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5600:
5595:
5585:
5584:
5583:
5578:
5562:
5560:
5551:
5549:Central German
5545:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5534:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5507:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5490:
5488:Barossa German
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5464:
5462:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5430:
5428:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5402:
5395:
5387:
5385:
5378:
5372:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5359:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5337:
5335:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5267:French Flemish
5259:
5258:
5257:
5246:
5244:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5226:
5220:
5218:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5192:
5190:
5183:
5181:Low Franconian
5177:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5136:
5134:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5113:
5112:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5083:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5049:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5030:
5022:
5020:
5013:
5007:
5006:
5003:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4982:Westereendersk
4976:
4965:
4960:
4954:
4952:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4928:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4913:
4905:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4868:
4860:
4849:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4828:
4821:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4798:
4796:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4783:Middle Frisian
4779:
4771:
4769:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4743:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4689:Modern English
4685:
4682:Middle English
4678:
4671:
4660:
4658:
4649:
4639:
4638:
4626:
4625:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4608:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4585:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4554:Low Franconian
4551:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4510:Central German
4506:
4504:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4452:
4446:
4444:
4437:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4395:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4372:
4363:
4362:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4279:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4226:
4224:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4165:
4163:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4135:Westereendersk
4128:
4120:
4114:
4112:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4091:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4076:Middle Frisian
4072:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4053:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4007:
3999:
3998:External links
3996:
3995:
3994:
3987:
3973:
3955:(2): 223â230.
3944:
3937:
3934:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3898:
3883:
3854:
3847:
3825:
3798:
3783:
3768:
3754:
3734:
3715:(2): 223â230.
3694:
3686:
3664:
3633:
3603:
3577:
3553:
3547:Deutsche Welle
3532:
3526:Deutsche Welle
3511:
3486:
3479:
3454:
3429:
3422:
3400:
3386:
3351:
3336:
3311:
3304:
3282:
3275:
3239:
3203:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3115:Germany portal
3102:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3082:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3010:
3009:
3002:
2974:
2971:
2931:
2928:
2914:being spelled
2869:
2866:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2764:
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2758:
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2744:
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2733:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2686:trjo (f., n.)
2681:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2561:trjo (f., n.)
2556:
2555:
2552:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2519:
2518:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2477:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2449:second person
2446:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2395:
2384:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2362:
2352:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2140:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2101:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2073:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2034:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2010:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1808:
1805:
1795:Today, voiced
1791:
1790:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1747:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1002:
997:
993:
992:
981:
976:
972:
971:
968:
965:
952:
951:
940:
935:
931:
930:
919:
914:
910:
909:
906:
903:
890:
889:
878:
873:
869:
868:
857:
852:
848:
847:
836:
831:
827:
826:
815:
810:
806:
805:
794:
789:
785:
784:
773:
768:
764:
763:
752:
747:
743:
742:
731:
726:
722:
721:
718:
715:
695:The consonant
692:
689:
671:
668:
664:Marron C. Fort
655:
652:
629:
626:
609:
606:
545:
542:
513:bilingual sign
504:
501:
462:Settlers from
459:
456:
417:Frisian branch
407:Together with
381:
380:Classification
378:
318:
317:
304:, you may see
290:
289:
279:
270:
261:
255:
247:
246:
243:
237:
236:
234:Saterfriesisch
231:
225:
224:
217:
209:
208:
201:
193:
192:
191:Language codes
188:
187:
184:
178:
177:
174:
172:
167:
164:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:Writing system
146:
143:
142:
140:
139:
138:
137:
136:
135:
134:
133:
132:
131:
130:
129:
128:
127:
126:
125:
83:
81:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
45:
41:
40:
35:
34:Native to
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6570:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6527:
6523:
6521:
6517:
6514:
6513:
6510:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6470:Germanic verb
6468:
6467:
6465:
6461:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6409:Sievers's law
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6391:
6389:
6385:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6356:Reconstructed
6354:
6348:
6347:
6343:
6341:
6340:
6336:
6334:
6333:
6329:
6328:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6290:
6286:
6282:
6278:
6273:
6269:
6255:
6254:
6250:
6248:
6247:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6234:
6233:
6229:
6228:
6226:
6224:
6223:
6218:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6194:
6191:
6183:
6180:
6179:
6178:
6175:
6171:
6170:
6169:Middle Danish
6166:
6164:
6163:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6131:
6130:
6127:
6123:
6120:
6119:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6103:
6100:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6076:
6070:
6069:
6065:
6063:
6062:
6058:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6047:
6046:
6045:Old Icelandic
6042:
6041:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6028:
6027:
6023:
6021:
6020:
6019:Old Norwegian
6016:
6013:
6010:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5967:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5957:
5949:
5948:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5933:
5932:
5931:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5887:
5883:
5865:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5837:
5836:Gottscheerish
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5809:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5790:
5787:
5783:
5780:
5776:
5775:Walser German
5773:
5772:
5771:
5768:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5741:Low Alemannic
5739:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5724:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5703:High Prussian
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5688:Erzgebirgisch
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5661:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5649:
5646:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5631:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5621:
5620:
5617:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5593:Luxembourgish
5591:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5532:
5531:Klezmer-loshn
5528:
5526:
5525:Scots Yiddish
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5407:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5373:
5363:
5362:Meuse-Rhenish
5360:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5289:Kleverlandish
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5250:Central Dutch
5248:
5247:
5245:
5241:
5234:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5213:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5058:Stellingwarfs
5056:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5008:
4992:
4989:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4978:Wood Frisian
4977:
4974:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4845:North Frisian
4842:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4727:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4647:Anglo-Frisian
4644:
4640:
4636:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4617:
4613:
4606:
4601:
4599:
4594:
4592:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4567:
4564:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4501:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4438:
4432:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4402:
4393:
4388:
4386:
4381:
4379:
4374:
4373:
4370:
4360:
4356:
4351:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4215:North Frisian
4212:
4202:
4201:
4200:Harlingerland
4197:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4136:
4132:
4131:
4130:Wood Frisian
4129:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4118:Terschellings
4116:
4115:
4113:
4111:Terschellings
4107:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4058:
4051:
4046:
4044:
4039:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4028:
4022:
4021:Seelter Buund
4019:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3992:
3988:
3981:
3980:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3911:
3910:
3902:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3884:3-8142-0692-4
3880:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3850:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3829:
3821:
3813:
3809:
3802:
3794:
3793:Emsiger Recht
3787:
3779:
3772:
3757:
3755:9783110819205
3751:
3747:
3746:
3738:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3689:
3687:3-484-73048-X
3683:
3679:
3675:
3668:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3637:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3607:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3536:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3515:
3500:
3496:
3490:
3482:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3461:
3459:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3425:
3423:3-7963-0137-1
3419:
3415:
3411:
3404:
3389:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3337:3-928327-31-3
3333:
3329:
3328:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3307:
3305:3-484-73048-X
3301:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3278:
3276:3-484-73048-X
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3224:
3220:
3213:
3207:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3164:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3105:
3093:
3083:
3080:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3056:
3051:
3042:
3039:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:Lord's Prayer
3007:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2952:
2947:
2941:
2936:
2927:
2924:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2865:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2669:two (f., n.)
2666:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2652:een (f., n.)
2649:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2551:
2550:two (f., n.)
2547:
2546:
2542:
2540:
2539:een (f., n.)
2536:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:first person
2432:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2306:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
998:
995:
994:
990:
986:
982:
977:
974:
973:
969:
966:
963:
959:
958:
949:
945:
941:
936:
933:
932:
928:
924:
920:
915:
912:
911:
907:
904:
901:
897:
896:
887:
883:
879:
874:
871:
870:
866:
862:
858:
853:
850:
849:
845:
841:
837:
832:
829:
828:
824:
820:
816:
811:
808:
807:
803:
799:
795:
790:
787:
786:
782:
778:
774:
769:
766:
765:
761:
757:
753:
748:
745:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
724:
723:
719:
716:
713:
709:
708:
707:Short vowels:
704:
702:
701:syllable coda
684:
676:
667:
665:
661:
651:
638:), Scharrel (
625:
623:
619:
618:North Frisian
615:
614:Seelter Buund
605:
602:
596:
591:
587:
583:
578:
576:
571:
565:
563:
557:
555:
551:
538:
533:
529:
527:
523:
514:
509:
500:
496:
494:
490:
485:
482:
477:
471:
469:
465:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
413:North Frisian
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
377:
375:
371:
367:
366:North Frisian
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
341:
336:
332:
328:
327:Sater Frisian
324:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
297:
291:
286:
277:
276:North Frisian
268:
259:
253:
248:
244:
242:
238:
235:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
216:
215:
210:
206:
202:
199:
194:
189:
185:
183:
179:
173:
165:
160:
157:
154:
150:
144:
124:
121:
120:
118:
117:
116:
113:
112:
111:
108:
107:
106:
105:Anglo-Frisian
103:
102:
101:
98:
97:
96:
95:West Germanic
93:
92:
91:
88:
87:
86:
85:Indo-European
82:
78:
72:
68:
62:
59:
56:
52:
49:
46:
42:
39:
36:
32:
29:
25:
20:
6515:
6399:Verner's law
6344:
6339:Gotho-Nordic
6337:
6330:
6251:
6244:
6236:
6230:
6220:
6205:FÄrö Gutnish
6167:
6160:
6066:
6059:
6050:
6043:
6024:
6017:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5928:
5921:
5861:
5763:Swiss German
5727:Upper German
5660:Amana German
5634:Volga German
5603:HunsrĂŒckisch
5529:
5483:Unserdeutsch
5478:Berlinerisch
5411:
5404:
5397:
5390:
5350:Cover groups
5306:Mohawk Dutch
5301:Jersey Dutch
5279:East Flemish
5262:West Flemish
5206:Middle Dutch
5160:Low Prussian
5032:
5025:
4991:Terschelling
4975:Clay Frisian
4950:West Frisian
4938:Wiedingharde
4930:
4918:
4878:Heligolandic
4855:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4811:
4804:
4794:East Frisian
4781:
4774:
4747:Middle Scots
4745:
4738:
4724:
4717:
4710:
4705:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4532:Upper German
4503:Unrecognized
4464:
4354:
4291:Heligolandic
4274:
4259:Wiedingharde
4244:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4168:
4154:East Frisian
4127:Clay Frisian
4109:Westlauwersâ
4095:Hindeloopens
4087:West Frisian
4074:
4067:
3993:. Oldenburg.
3990:
3978:
3952:
3948:
3940:
3930:
3908:
3901:
3874:
3869:
3838:
3834:
3828:
3819:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3792:
3786:
3777:
3771:
3759:. Retrieved
3744:
3737:
3712:
3708:
3677:
3673:
3667:
3656:, retrieved
3647:
3642:
3636:
3624:. Retrieved
3620:the original
3615:
3606:
3594:. Retrieved
3589:
3580:
3569:. Retrieved
3565:
3556:
3550:(in German).
3545:
3535:
3529:(in German).
3524:
3514:
3502:. Retrieved
3498:
3489:
3470:
3466:
3448:
3444:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3391:. Retrieved
3377:
3373:
3326:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3266:
3262:
3230:. Retrieved
3223:the original
3218:
3206:
3189:
3181:
3157:
3085:
3072:
3062:Seelter LĂ€id
3047:
3025:
3013:
3005:
2998:
2982:
2966:
2958:
2956:
2933:
2930:In the media
2908:
2879:
2871:
2804:
2685:
2668:
2651:
2629:
2626:
2560:
2549:
2538:
2522:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2464:third person
2457:
2452:
2442:
2437:
2416:
2398:
2391:
2387:
2358:
2354:
2335:
2331:
2311:
2307:
2289:
2285:
2266:
2262:
2244:
2240:
2198:
2194:
2175:
2171:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2144:minimal pair
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2093:
2076:
2069:
2065:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2026:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1952:
1948:
1929:
1925:
1906:
1902:
1884:
1880:
1862:
1858:
1840:
1836:
1794:
1528:
1524:
1507:
1503:
1487:gust of wind
1486:
1482:
1465:
1461:
1444:
1440:
1423:
1419:
1402:
1398:
1381:
1377:
1360:
1356:
1340:
1336:
1319:
1315:
1298:
1294:
1277:
1273:
1256:
1252:
1235:
1231:
1214:
1210:
1173:
1169:
1152:
1148:
1131:
1127:
1110:
1093:
1089:
1072:
1068:
1051:
1047:
1030:
1026:
1009:
1005:
988:
984:
957:Long vowels:
956:
955:
947:
943:
926:
922:
894:
893:
885:
881:
864:
860:
843:
839:
822:
818:
801:
797:
780:
776:
759:
755:
738:
734:
706:
705:
694:
691:Monophthongs
657:
631:
613:
611:
579:
566:
558:
547:
518:
497:
486:
472:
461:
440:Lower German
433:
409:West Frisian
406:
398:Weserfrisian
397:
385:
383:
370:West Frisian
354:Lower Saxony
334:
331:Saterfrisian
330:
326:
322:
321:
293:
284:
267:West Frisian
241:Linguasphere
212:
122:
115:East Frisian
27:
6414:Kluge's law
6394:Grimm's law
6177:Dalecarlian
6156:Perkerdansk
6129:East Danish
5947:Old Gutnish
5923:Proto-Norse
5863:Langobardic
5855:Vogtlandian
5683:Upper Saxon
5537:Lachoudisch
5498:Lotegorisch
5376:High German
5122:Westphalian
5117:Eastphalian
5081:Achterhooks
4958:Hindeloopen
4893:Bökingharde
4862:FöhrâAmrum
4776:Old Frisian
4740:Early Scots
4675:Old English
4525:Upper Saxon
4069:Old Frisian
3658:29 November
3626:28 November
3596:28 November
3504:28 November
3393:28 November
3053: [
2973:Sample text
2938: [
2868:Orthography
2667:twÀin (m.)
2639:Low German
2548:twÀin (m.)
2498:ze (unstr.)
2484:ze (unstr.)
1975:Phoneme(s)
1763:Approximant
1508:to threaten
1361:even, plain
1299:hit, thrust
1113:gje (rain)
660:Old Frisian
575:Google Play
464:East Frisia
421:Old Frisian
335:Saterlandic
308:instead of
260:in Europe:
6542:Categories
6246:Burgundian
6162:Old Danish
6151:GĂžtudanskt
6134:Bornholmsk
5996:Vestlandsk
5976:Kebabnorsk
5713:Halcnovian
5678:Thuringian
5341:Limburgish
5311:Stadsfries
5284:Brabantian
5011:Low German
4857:Eiderstedt
4712:Fingallian
4559:Limburgish
4472:Low German
4443:Recognized
4276:Eiderstedt
4186:Wangerooge
3571:2022-06-15
3499:Ethnologue
3191:Ethnologue
3173:References
3163:Ethnologue
2977:See also:
2963:Low German
2801:Vocabulary
2684:trÀi (m.)
2559:trÀi (m.)
2467:masculine
2408:Morphology
2109:you scream
1965:Fricatives
1538:Consonants
1183:Diphthongs
582:neologisms
481:Seelter Ăi
476:Sagter Ems
394:Ommelanden
386:Emsfrisian
6526:varieties
6518:indicate
6332:Northwest
6277:Philology
6182:Elfdalian
6117:Jutlandic
6039:Icelandic
6014:(written)
6008:(written)
5986:TrĂžndersk
5966:Norwegian
5930:Old Norse
5751:Coloniero
5735:Alemannic
5708:Wymysorys
5576:Colognian
5571:Ripuarian
5493:Rotwelsch
5323:Midslands
5274:Zeelandic
5255:Hollandic
5229:Afrikaans
5201:Old Dutch
5027:Old Saxon
4926:Karrharde
4908:Goesharde
4889:Mainland
4622:philology
4537:Alemannic
4515:Ripuarian
4465:Saterland
4436:languages
4357:indicate
4330:Midslands
4240:Karrharde
4235:Goesharde
4169:Saterland
3969:232348873
3893:174542094
3729:232348873
3346:246014591
3050:Saterlied
2967:Middeeges
2965:entitled
2951:Seeltersk
2848:existed (
2814:âčSee Tfdâș
2650:aan (m.)
2537:aan (m.)
2490:feminine
2218:Grapheme
2092:iek skrÀi
1972:Grapheme
1814:Grapheme
1645:voiceless
1639:Fricative
1576:voiceless
1341:advantage
1190:Grapheme
964:Grapheme
902:Grapheme
714:Grapheme
654:Phonology
647:Strukelje
595:SkĂŒĂŒldouk
537:Saterland
468:Saterland
452:Old Saxon
374:Friesland
350:Saterland
340:Seeltersk
245:52-ACA-ca
214:Glottolog
198:ISO 639-3
54:Ethnicity
48:Saterland
28:Seeltersk
6253:Vandalic
6196:Gutnish
6001:VikvĂŠrsk
5981:SognamÄl
5971:Bergensk
5821:Cimbrian
5789:Bavarian
5746:Alsatian
5693:Lusatian
5629:Palatine
5319:Amelands
5196:Frankish
5086:Sallaans
5068:Gronings
4919:Southern
4912:Northern
4903:Halligen
4852:Insular
4669:dialects
4547:Bavarian
4326:Gronings
4316:Amelands
4252:Halligen
4223:Mainland
4017:(German)
4006:(German)
3443:(1980).
3138:Frisians
3101:See also
2917:SchÀddel
2912:Scharrel
2645:English
2532:English
2426:singular
2366:alveolar
2224:Example
2221:Phoneme
2137:to sough
2098:I scream
1978:Example
1820:Example
1817:Phoneme
1807:Plosives
1797:plosives
1553:Alveolar
1445:to swing
1196:Example
1193:Phoneme
970:Example
967:Phoneme
908:Example
905:Phoneme
844:to shout
720:Example
717:Phoneme
641:SchÀddel
635:Roomelse
628:Dialects
526:moribund
425:Halunder
314:Help:IPA
221:sate1242
90:Germanic
6516:Italics
6139:Scanian
6085:Swedish
6034:Faroese
6012:Nynorsk
5991:Valdris
5826:MĂČcheno
5782:Swabian
5648:Hessian
5608:Hunsrik
5520:Western
5515:Eastern
5510:Yiddish
5460:creoles
5357:Bergish
5073:DrĂšents
5063:Tweants
4915:Central
4897:Mooring
4760:Frisian
4719:Kildare
4664:English
4542:Swabian
4482:Sorbian
4455:Frisian
4355:Italics
4268:Insular
4193:Wursten
3232:1 March
2923:SkÀddel
2771:njĂșgen
2757:oachte
2749:sieben
2701:fjauer
2642:German
2610:njĂșgen
2602:oachte
2570:fjauer
2504:neuter
2429:plural
2290:to sing
2245:courage
2199:to hope
2197:oopje (
2176:through
2155:Frisian
2135:uuzje (
2129:to seek
2068:oater (
2001:), Plou
1563:Glottal
1424:to pipe
1073:to calm
823:toddler
760:a while
535:Map of
458:History
429:English
310:Unicode
175:Germany
110:Frisian
38:Germany
6232:Gothic
6102:Danish
6006:BokmÄl
5505:Yenish
5315:Bildts
5098:Veluws
5093:Urkers
4932:Strand
4656:Anglic
4477:Romani
4450:Danish
4421:German
4339:Bildts
4246:Strand
3967:
3891:
3881:
3845:
3761:29 May
3752:
3727:
3684:
3650:]
3477:
3420:
3384:
3344:
3334:
3302:
3273:
3123:Frisia
3038:Amen.
2904:acutes
2839:quetha
2818:German
2788:teihn
2785:tjoon
2774:negen
2766:eight
2752:seven
2746:söben
2743:sogen
2735:sechs
2715:fieuw
2696:three
2618:tjoon
2605:eight
2597:seven
2594:sogen
2578:fieuw
2565:three
2423:
2370:uvular
2357:oage (
2334:ound (
2310:ader (
2227:Notes
2151:frÀisk
2127:Ă€ike (
2029:jĂșur (
2007:plough
1997:Ă€ize (
1981:Notes
1951:Ă€ize (
1907:father
1883:oold (
1863:bridle
1823:Notes
1682:voiced
1608:voiced
1558:Dorsal
1548:Labial
1132:gutter
842:lkje (
670:Vowels
283:
281:
274:
272:
265:
263:
44:Region
6346:South
6297:North
5907:North
5891:North
5233:Kaaps
5224:Dutch
4871:Amrum
4812:Weser
4734:Scots
4460:North
4286:Amrum
4178:Weser
3983:(PDF)
3965:S2CID
3913:(PDF)
3873:[
3837:[
3810:[
3725:S2CID
3676:[
3652:(PDF)
3646:[
3469:[
3447:[
3412:[
3376:[
3294:[
3265:[
3226:(PDF)
3215:(PDF)
3212:"r-s"
3149:Notes
3057:]
2942:]
2893:baale
2857:Soaks
2845:sedza
2833:kwede
2822:geben
2791:zehn
2780:nine
2777:neun
2763:acht
2760:acht
2732:söss
2729:sÀks
2724:five
2721:fĂŒnf
2718:fief
2710:four
2707:vier
2704:veer
2693:drei
2690:dree
2676:zwei
2673:twee
2659:eins
2613:nine
2586:sÀks
2581:five
2573:four
2313:udder
2243:oud (
2147:s - z
2120:/s,z/
2088:/v,f/
2070:water
2040:- ljo
2022:/f,v/
1999:goose
1990:/ÉŁ,x/
1953:goose
1905:abe (
1861:oom (
1841:pitch
1743:Trill
1713:Nasal
1529:gravy
1519:/yËi/
1498:/uËÉȘ/
1477:/ĆËi/
1466:blood
1456:/oËu/
1435:/oËÉȘ/
1422:tje (
1403:tough
1393:/ÉËÉȘ/
1359:wen (
1352:/iËu/
1331:/iËu/
1310:/eËu/
1255:wen (
1247:/ÉËu/
1226:/aËu/
1205:/aËi/
1174:mouse
1153:devil
1151:wel (
1071:lje (
1031:dough
948:short
886:depth
884:pte (
554:Bible
444:Dutch
402:Weser
156:Latin
6307:West
6302:East
6222:East
6078:East
6068:Norn
5959:West
5895:East
5893:and
5458:and
5453:Non-
4883:Sylt
4866:Föhr
4801:Ems
4726:Yola
4635:West
4296:Sylt
4282:Föhr
3889:OCLC
3879:ISBN
3843:ISBN
3763:2017
3750:ISBN
3682:ISBN
3660:2022
3628:2022
3598:2022
3506:2022
3475:ISBN
3418:ISBN
3395:2022
3382:ISBN
3342:OCLC
3332:ISBN
3300:ISBN
3271:ISBN
3234:2013
3014:The
2899:bale
2862:Seax
2842:and
2808:reke
2794:ten
2738:six
2662:one
2656:een
2621:ten
2589:six
2554:two
2543:one
2392:chin
2336:land
2265:Ă€i (
2107:st (
2050:love
2046:dear
2031:fire
1928:ai (
1885:cold
1839:ik (
1570:Stop
1506:je (
1485:je (
1443:je (
1414:/Éy/
1382:chin
1380:we (
1372:/ÉȘu/
1320:skew
1289:/Éu/
1268:/ÉÉȘ/
1257:self
1215:bail
1164:/uË/
1143:/yË/
1130:te (
1122:/ĆË/
1105:/ĂžË/
1094:rope
1084:/oË/
1063:/ÉË/
1052:week
1042:/iË/
1021:/eË/
1010:thin
1000:/ÉË/
989:path
979:/aË/
938:/uË/
927:pain
925:ne (
917:/iË/
865:book
802:limb
781:they
411:and
4162:Ems
3957:doi
3717:doi
3616:NDR
3590:NDR
3188:at
2864:).
2508:dÀt
2471:hie
2458:jie
2443:wie
2438:iek
2390:e (
2386:Kiu
2381:/v/
2359:rye
2349:/r/
2327:/l/
2303:/j/
2288:e (
2284:sju
2280:/Ć/
2267:new
2258:/n/
2236:/m/
2190:/h/
2170:tru
2166:/x/
2131:),
2096:e (
2061:/v/
2044:e (
1944:/ÉĄ/
1930:day
1921:/d/
1898:/b/
1876:/k/
1854:/t/
1832:/p/
1525:ĂŒĂŒi
1515:ĂŒĂŒi
1504:uui
1494:uui
1464:d (
1441:ooi
1431:ooi
1399:oai
1389:oai
1357:Ăeu
1348:Ăeu
1339:w (
1337:ieu
1327:ieu
1318:w (
1316:eeu
1306:eeu
1297:w (
1278:wet
1276:t (
1253:ÀÀu
1243:ÀÀu
1236:dew
1213:l (
1172:s (
1101:öö
1092:p (
1050:k (
1008:n (
987:d (
946:t (
876:/Ê/
863:k (
855:/Ê/
834:/Ć/
821:t (
813:/É/
800:d (
792:/ÉȘ/
771:/É/
758:t (
750:/É/
739:fat
737:t (
729:/a/
697:/r/
333:or
296:IPA
229:ELP
205:stq
119:Ems
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3963:.
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1160:Ășu
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1134:)
1128:öÀ
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1090:oo
1080:oo
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1059:oa
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1048:Ăe
1038:Ăe
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1006:ÀÀ
996:ÀÀ
991:)
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2018:f
2009:)
2005:(
2003:g
1995:G
1986:g
1955:)
1949:G
1940:g
1932:)
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1903:B
1894:b
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1881:k
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1837:P
1828:p
1785:j
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1770:w
1767:(
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1689:v
1673:h
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1126:G
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861:u
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