6651:
2979:. In their efforts to exterminate the Jews through murder and ethnic cleansing Nazi established in Silesia province the Auschwitz and Gross-Rosen camps. Expulsions were carried out openly and reported in the local press. Those sent to ghettos would from 1942 be expelled to concentration and work camps. Between 5 May and 17 June, 20,000 Silesian Jews were sent to Birkenau to gas chambers and during August 1942, 10,000 to 13,000 Silesian Jews were murdered by gassing at Auschwitz. Most Jews in Silesia were exterminated by the Nazis. After the war Silesia became a major centre for repatriation of the Jewish population in Poland which survived Nazi German extermination and in autumn 1945, 15,000 Jews were in Lower Silesia, mostly Polish Jews returned from territories now belonging to Soviet Union, rising in 1946 to seventy thousand as Jewish survivors from other regions in Poland were relocated.
201:
2084:
6499:
6534:
6588:
6573:
6114:
6427:
6549:
6001:
5954:
5813:
5719:
5390:
5341:
5293:
5194:
4959:
4818:
4489:
4101:
3960:
3866:
3772:
3725:
3089:
277:
6411:
2908:
6212:
6095:
5860:
5766:
5578:
5147:
5006:
4912:
4771:
4677:
4583:
4536:
4242:
4195:
4148:
4054:
3913:
3819:
3678:
3631:
3535:
3488:
3392:
3345:
3295:
3247:
3196:
6441:
6156:
6240:
6483:
4646:
6254:
4505:
176:
6631:
1895:
841:
6310:
5907:
5672:
5484:
5100:
4865:
4724:
4289:
4258:
3788:
3582:
3439:
6467:
6607:
6282:
4211:
6561:
6048:
5625:
5531:
5437:
5053:
4630:
4442:
4394:
4007:
3141:
867:
5829:
6671:
4410:
158:
6040:
5617:
5523:
5429:
5045:
4622:
4434:
4386:
3999:
3133:
6352:
5262:
3504:
4975:
6716:
6366:
194:
6170:
5022:
3835:
6296:
4787:
3263:
6455:
2939:). Upper Silesia was mostly Roman Catholic except for some of its northwestern parts, which were predominantly Lutheran. Generally speaking, the population was mostly Protestant in the western parts, and it tended to be more Roman Catholic the further east one went. In Upper Silesia, Protestants were concentrated in larger cities and often identified as German. After World War II, the religious demographics changed drastically as Germans, who constituted the bulk of the Protestant population,
4740:
3408:
815:
5688:
4070:
6324:
1519:
5876:
5453:
1738:
6064:
5782:
4305:
3882:
3694:
165:
9738:
8939:
4552:
6198:
4928:
4834:
4458:
1434:
6268:
4023:
9755:
336:
6128:
4881:
265:
9171:
6184:
4164:
6514:
6226:
5163:
1100:
5970:
5641:
5547:
5309:
4117:
3647:
6380:
5243:
4338:
5210:
6744:
1270:
6142:
9733:
6338:
5735:
5359:
5234:
5116:
4329:
3741:
6730:
3109:
6017:
5406:
3457:
3314:
183:
6087:
5993:
5946:
5899:
5852:
5805:
5758:
5711:
5664:
5570:
5476:
5382:
5333:
5285:
5186:
5139:
5092:
4998:
4951:
4904:
4857:
4810:
4763:
4716:
4669:
4575:
4528:
4481:
4281:
4234:
4187:
4140:
4093:
4046:
3952:
3905:
3858:
3811:
3764:
3717:
3670:
3623:
3574:
3527:
3480:
3431:
3384:
3337:
3287:
3239:
3188:
3081:
6702:
5923:
5500:
5069:
3929:
3600:
3551:
3361:
3165:
4693:
4599:
3216:
3058:
294:
4363:
3976:
5594:
2951:. From 1712 to 1820 a succession of men held the title Chief Rabbi of Silesia ("Landesrabbiner"): Naphtali ha-Kohen (1712–16); Samuel ben Naphtali (1716–22); Ḥayyim Jonah Te'omim (1722–1727); Baruch b. Reuben Gomperz (1733–54); Joseph Jonas Fränkel (1754–93); Jeremiah Löw Berliner (1793–99); Lewin Saul Fränkel (1800–7);
7745:"Śląska Biblioteka Cyfrowa – biblioteka cyfrowa regionu śląskiego – Wznowione powszechne taxae-stolae sporządzenie, Dla samowładnego Xięstwa Sląska, Podług ktorego tak Auszpurskiey Konfessyi iak Katoliccy Fararze, Kaznodzieie i Kuratusowie Zachowywać się powinni. Sub Dato z Berlina, d. 8. Augusti 1750"
1652:
as the border between
Germany and Poland, pending a final peace conference with Germany which eventually never took place. At the end of WWII, Germans in Silesia fled from the battle ground, assuming they would be able to return when the war was over. However, they could not return, and those who had
3002:
fell from 33,500 to 5,000, and from 1939 to 1966 the population of Wrocław fell by 25%. Attempts to repopulate
Silesia proved unsuccessful in the 1940s and 1950s, and Silesia's population did not reach pre-war levels until the late 1970s. The Polish settlers who repopulated Silesia were partly from
2946:
Existing since the 12th century, Silesia's Jewish community was concentrated around Wrocław and Upper
Silesia, and numbered 48,003 (1.1% of the population) in 1890, decreasing to 44,985 persons (0.9%) by 1910. In Polish East Upper Silesia, the number of Jews was around 90,000–100,000. Historically,
1666:
that claimed half of the available arable land for state-run collectivized farms. Many of the new Polish
Silesians who resented the Germans for their invasion in 1939 and brutality in occupation now resented the newly formed Polish communist government for their population shifting and interference
1657:
and from
Central Poland, joined the surviving native Polish inhabitants of the region. After 1945 and in 1946, nearly all of the 4.5 million Silesians of German descent fled, or were interned in camps and expelled, including some thousand German Jews who survived the Holocaust and had returned
1463:
when it was proclaimed in 1871. The
Silesian capital Breslau became at that time one of the big cities in Germany. Breslau was a center of Jewish life in Germany and an important place of science (university) and industry (manufacturing of locomotives). German mass tourism started in the Silesian
8047:
Zagłada Żydów na polskich terenach wcielonych do Rzeszy Page 53 Aleksandra Namysło, Instytut Pamięci
Narodowej—Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu – 2008 W rzeczywistości ludzie Udona von Woyr- scha podczas marszu przez województwo śląskie na wschód dopuszczali się prawdziwych
8037:
Popularna encyklopedia powszechna – Volume 10 – Page 660 Magdalena Olkuśnik, Elżbieta Wójcik – 2001 Streckenbach Bruno (1902–1977), funkcjonariusz niem. państwa nazistowskiego, Gruppenfuhrer SS. Od 1933 szef policji po- lit w
Hamburgu. 1939 dow. Einsatzgruppe I (odpowiedzialny za eksterminacje
2982:
The majority of
Germans fled or were expelled from the present-day Polish and Czech parts of Silesia during and after World War II. From June 1945 to January 1947, 1.77 million Germans were expelled from Lower Silesia, and 310,000 from Upper Silesia. Today, most German Silesians and their
2080:(published in 1911, during a period of intense immigration from Silesia to the United States), considered Silesian as a geographical (not ethnic) term, denoting the inhabitants of Silesia. It is also mentioned the existence of both Polish Silesian and German Silesian dialects in that region.
2049:
The region also has a thriving agricultural sector, which produces cereals (wheat, rye, barley, oats, corn), potatoes, rapeseed, sugar beets and others. Milk production is well developed. The Opole
Silesia has for decades occupied the top spot in Poland for their indices of effectiveness of
7821:
Statistischer Umriß der sämmtlichen europäischen und der vornehmsten außereuropäischen Staaten, in Hinsicht ihrer Entwickelung, Größe, Volksmenge, Finanz- und Militärverfassung, tabellarisch dargestellt; Erster Heft: Welcher die beiden großen Mächte Österreich und Preußen und den Deutschen
6397:
The emblems of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia originate from the emblems of the Piasts of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia. The coat of arms of Upper Silesia depicts the golden eagle on the blue shield. The coat of arms of Lower Silesia depicts a black eagle on a golden (yellow) shield.
7538:
S.Z. Mikulski, "Late-Hercynian gold-bearing arsenic-polymetallic mineralization within Saxothuringian zone in the Polish Sudetes, Northeast Bohemian Massif". In: "Mineral Deposit at the Beginning of the 21st Century", A. Piestrzyński et al. (eds). Swets & Zeitinger Publishers
1912:, which lies in the Silesian Upland. The coalfield has an area of about 4,500 km (1,700 sq mi). Deposits in Lower Silesia have proven to be difficult to exploit and the area's unprofitable mines were closed in 2000. In 2008, an estimated 35 billion tonnes of
2160:. Silesia was also the home of Czech and Jewish minorities. The German population tended to be based in the urban centres and in the rural areas to the north and west, whilst the Polish population was mostly rural and could be found in the east and in the south.
2126:. The last Polish census of 2011 showed that the Silesians are the largest ethnic or national minority in Poland, Germans being the second; both groups are located mostly in Upper Silesia. The Czech part of Silesia is inhabited by Czechs,
7231:
Da die Silingen offensichtlich ihren Namen im mittelalterlichen pagus silensis und dem mons slenz – möglicherweise mit dem Zobten gleichzusetzen – hinterließen und damit einer ganzen Landschaft – Schlesien – den Namen gaben
2931:. In an 1890 census taken in the German part, Roman Catholics made up a slight majority of 53%, while the remaining 47% were almost entirely Lutheran. Geographically speaking, Lower Silesia was mostly Lutheran except for the
1891:. During this period, Silesia became one of the world's largest producers of coal, with a record tonnage in 1979. Coal mining declined during the next two decades, but has increased again following the end of Communist rule.
8083:
The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942 – Page 544 Christopher R. Browning – 2007 Between 5 May and 17 June, 20,000 Silesian Jews were deported to Birkenau to be
7838:
Jeografia wschodniey części Europy czyli opis krajów przez wielorakie narody sławiańskie zamieszkanych obeymujący Prussy, Xięztwo Poznańskie, Szląsk Pruski, Gallicyą, Rzeczpospolitę Krakowską, Królestwo Polskie i
1820:
and neighbouring areas are considered parts of historical Silesia. Those districts, along with Poland's Lower Silesian Voivodeship and parts of Lubusz Voivodeship, make up the geographic region of Lower Silesia.
842:
6650:
849:
1887:
Silesia is a resource-rich and populous region. Since the middle of the 18th century, coal has been mined. The industry had grown while Silesia was part of Germany, and peaked in the 1970s under the
868:
9235:
1301:, both established by Henry the Bearded, became the basis of municipal form of government for several cities and towns in Poland, and two of five local Polish variants of medieval town rights. The
9503:
8633:
2073:
Silesia has been historically diverse in every aspect. Nowadays, the largest part of Silesia is located in Poland; it is often cited as one of the most diverse regions in that country.
2065:). Silesia is generally well forested. This is because greenness is generally highly desirable by the local population, particularly in the highly industrialized parts of Silesia.
9230:
9006:
7552:
9659:
9539:
1749:
Most of Silesia is relatively flat, although its southern border is generally mountainous. It is primarily located in a swath running along both banks of the upper and middle
1129:
arrived in the region around the 7th century, and by the early ninth century, their settlements had stabilized. Local West Slavs started to erect boundary structures like the
9255:
6410:
1919:
From the fourth century BC, iron ore has been mined in the upland areas of Silesia. The same period had lead, copper, silver, and gold mining. Zinc, cadmium, arsenic, and
1842:) is understood to cover all of the area around Katowice, including Zagłębie. This interpretation is given official sanction in the use of the name Silesian Voivodeship (
1384:
In the 15th century, several changes were made to Silesia's borders. Parts of the territories that had been transferred to the Silesian Piasts in 1178 were bought by the
9240:
9151:
8693:
6533:
1305:, which contains the earliest known sentence written in the Polish language, as well as a document which contains the oldest printed text in Polish, were created in
6572:
664:
early in the 10th century. In the 10th century, Silesia was incorporated into the early Polish state, and after its fragmentation in the 12th century it formed the
7094:
9513:
9339:
9508:
1487:(1921), however, the easternmost portion of Upper Silesia (including Katowice), with a majority ethnic Polish population, was awarded to Poland, becoming the
570:. Its area is approximately 40,000 km (15,400 sq mi), and the population is estimated at 8,000,000. Silesia is split into two main subregions,
7885:
8719:
653:
9277:
7067:
9784:
1622:
1558:
200:
8688:
6498:
1058:, but less to Lower Silesia, which is different from Upper Silesia in many respects as its population was predominantly German-speaking until 1945–48.
9673:
9458:
6482:
1654:
613:. It is also rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. The largest city and Lower Silesia's capital is
1320:, causing widespread panic and mass flight. They looted much of the region and defeated the combined Polish, Moravian and German forces led by Duke
7472:
719:, when the Poles and Czechs regained their independence, the easternmost part of Upper Silesia became again part of Poland by the decision of the
9666:
6767:
783:
8124:
Kochavi, AJ (2001)Post-Holocaust politics: Britain, the United States & Jewish refugees, 1945–1948, University of North Carolina Press P 176
6426:
9418:
6587:
1340:, the Mongols chose not to press forward further into Europe, but returned east to participate in the election of a new Grand Khan (leader).
7204:
Zbigniew Babik, "Najstarsza warstwa nazewnicza na ziemiach polskich w granicach średniowiecznej Słowiańszczyzny", Uniwersitas, Kraków, 2001.
6560:
1361:
which was part of the Holy Roman Empire; however, a number of duchies remained under the rule of the Polish dukes from the houses of Piast,
9379:
7978:
Silesia and Central European nationalisms: the emergence of national and ethnic groups in Prussian Silesia and Austrian Silesia, 1848–1918,
1602:
9156:
7225:
6440:
1549:", namely Jews and ethnic Poles. The Polish and Jewish population of the then Polish part of Silesia was subjected to genocide involving
8210:
1956:
1213:
9397:
8485:
6432:
1670:
The administrative division of Silesia within Poland has changed several times since 1945. Since 1999, it has been divided between
6548:
6466:
1193:
786:
of 1945–48, today's inhabitants of Silesia speak the national languages of their respective countries. Previously German-speaking
7733:. United States. Immigration Commission (1907–1910). Washington, D.C.: Washington, Government Printing Office. pp. 105, 128.
6657:
1578:
1306:
9794:
1582:
7967:
Demshuk, A (2012) The Lost German East: Forced Migration and the Politics of Memory, 1945–1970, Cambridge University Press P40
9799:
9544:
8393:
8360:
8327:
8294:
8235:
7943:
7456:
6446:
2943:. Poles, who were mostly Roman Catholic, were resettled in their place. Today, Silesia remains predominantly Roman Catholic.
2131:
1201:
8115:
A narrow bridge to life: Jewish forced labor and survival in the Gross-Rosen camp system, 1940–1945, page 229 Belah Guṭerman
6606:
2967:, the Jewish population of Silesia was subjected to Nazi genocide with executions performed by Einsatzgruppe z. B.V. led by
2083:
7556:
2988:
1542:
1488:
349:
7711:
1357:
duchies. Polish monarchs had not renounced their hereditary rights to Silesia until 1335. The province became part of the
9085:
2156:
Before the Second World War, Silesia was inhabited mostly by Germans, with Poles a large minority, forming a majority in
1817:
1586:
8433:
1824:
Silesia has undergone a similar notional extension at its eastern extreme. Historically, it extended only as far as the
1483:
to decide the issue in 1921. It resulted in 60% of votes being cast for Germany and 40% for Poland. Following the third
1240:
were transferred to the Silesian Piasts, although their population was primarily Vistulan and not of Silesian descent.
9214:
8996:
6802:
6670:
1550:
7148:
8268:
7423:
7403:
7383:
7359:
7341:
7025:
6933:
6879:
6578:
1888:
1189:
6630:
1923:
have also been mined in the region. Lower Silesia features large copper mining and processing between the cities of
1898:
9250:
9143:
9033:
8070:
Steinbacher, S. "In the Shadow of Auschwitz, The murder of the Jews of East Upper Silesia", in Cesarani, D. (2004)
8057:
Steinbacher, S. "In the Shadow of Auschwitz, The murder of the Jews of East Upper Silesia", in Cesarani, D. (2004)
6792:
6454:
6113:
2911:
Confessions in the German Empire (Protestant/Catholic; c. 1890). Lower Silesia was mostly Protestant, while Glatz (
1274:
7900:
6211:
2940:
1659:
1415:
1317:
7354:
Kamila Uzarczyk: Podstawy ideologiczne higieny ras. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, 2002, pp. 285, 286, 289.
7063:
2987:
working as miners, like their ancestors in Silesia. One of its most notable but controversial spokesmen was the
822:) and other historical lands of Poland against the background of modern administrative borders (names in Polish)
9549:
7622:
6239:
1598:
1452:
640:
Silesia's borders and national affiliation have changed over time, both when it was a hereditary possession of
1419:
8547:
7314:
6762:
5348:
Historically part of Lusatia, Zgorzelec was considered part of Lower Silesia in years 1319–1329 and 1815–1945
2964:
157:
7644:
7540:
6155:
175:
9789:
9523:
9080:
8478:
7600:
7578:
3023:
The following table includes the cities and towns in Silesia with a population greater than 20,000 (2022).
1726:
1722:
1638:
1043:, which means dampness, moisture, or humidity. They disagree with the hypothesis of an origin for the name
538:
7728:
2053:
Mountainous parts of southern Silesia feature many significant and attractive tourism destinations (e.g.,
9804:
8683:
8580:
6772:
1718:
1437:
1358:
996:
791:
764:
677:
583:
193:
49:
1829:
1396:
in 1494). The Bytom area remained in the possession of the Silesian Piasts, though it was a part of the
688:
in 1526; however, a number of duchies remained under the rule of Polish dukes from the houses of Piast,
9706:
9107:
8678:
7666:
7122:
3092:
1675:
1411:
1250:, probably settling in Wrocław since the 12th century, with further Walloon immigrants invited by Duke
622:
610:
182:
45:
8729:
8378:
8345:
8312:
8279:
8220:
8148:
Immigration policy in the Federal Republic of Germany: negotiating membership and remaking the nation,
8002:
van Straten, J (2011) The Origin of Ashkenazi Jewry: The Controversy Unravelled, Walter de Gruyter P58
6637:
1854:
in Polish (when used without qualification) now commonly refers exclusively to this area (also called
1777:
run along most of the southern edge of the region, though at its south-eastern extreme it reaches the
1581:. Silesia also housed one of the two main wartime centers where medical experiments were conducted on
1418:
and the estates of Bohemia in 1538, became an integral part of Brandenburg. From 1645 until 1666, the
9700:
9334:
9245:
8755:
8628:
6513:
6505:
6489:
6417:
6253:
4031:
1909:
1782:
1496:
1492:
1427:
728:
649:
335:
17:
8709:
8095:
The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942,
6309:
668:, a provincial duchy of Poland. As a result of further fragmentation, Silesia was divided into many
6281:
6000:
5953:
5812:
5718:
5389:
5340:
5292:
5193:
4958:
4817:
4488:
4100:
3959:
3865:
3771:
3724:
3144:
3088:
2127:
1868:
1687:
1554:
1480:
861:
31:
6169:
5508:
4654:
2907:
1108:
276:
9694:
9637:
9344:
8471:
7159:
6402:
6323:
5251:
Historically part of Lusatia, Hoyerswerda was considered part of Lower Silesia in years 1825–1945
1448:
887:
803:
281:
131:
7744:
9028:
7213:
Rudolf Fischer. Onomastica slavogermanica. Uniwersytet Wrocławski. 2007. t. XXVI. 2007. str. 83
7117:
1867:
region (Poland's Opole Voivodeship) and Czech Silesia. Czech Silesia consists of a part of the
1606:
1472:
1389:
1000:
921:
908:
756:
164:
8648:
8618:
7448:
7441:
6295:
6094:
5859:
5765:
5577:
5146:
5005:
4911:
4770:
4676:
4582:
4535:
4513:
4241:
4194:
4147:
4053:
3912:
3818:
3677:
3630:
3534:
3487:
3391:
3344:
3294:
3246:
3195:
2947:
the community had suffered a number of localised expulsions such as their 1453 expulsion from
9320:
8106:
The International Jewish Labor Bund After 1945: Toward a Global History David Slucki, page 63
8012:
7819:
6749:
6721:
6539:
6365:
6329:
4266:
3796:
1663:
1523:
1377:, and in 1490, it returned to Bohemia. In 1526 Silesia passed with the Bohemian Crown to the
579:
517:
9089:
2895:
had a mixed German, Polish and Czech population, with Polish-speakers forming a majority in
1294:
9122:
8745:
8714:
8600:
6782:
4983:
4219:
3199:
1786:
1683:
1362:
1209:
1055:
772:
709:
689:
527:
8252:
7089:
4645:
2998:
The expulsion of Germans led to widespread underpopulation. The population of the town of
2983:
descendants live in the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany, many of them in the
1947:) were mined in the region, which is reflected in the names of the former mining towns of
1401:
1397:
1298:
264:
8:
9204:
9140:
9001:
8643:
8537:
8519:
7918:
7868:
6797:
6351:
2165:
2138:
1809:
1491:. The Prussian Province of Silesia within Germany was then divided into the provinces of
1456:
1054:
In Polish common usage, "Śląsk" refers to traditionally Polish Upper Silesia and today's
9075:
8563:
4504:
1894:
1872:
1302:
1081:
982:
609:
extending across the southern border. The region contains many historical landmarks and
224:
9390:
9112:
8979:
8668:
8658:
8541:
8533:
8524:
8508:
8379:"Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia"
8346:"Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia"
8313:"Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia"
8280:"Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia"
8221:"Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia"
8204:
7466:
5837:
4418:
3442:
3011:
in 1939. Wrocław was partly repopulated with refugees from the formerly Polish city of
2976:
2972:
1902:
1671:
1645:
1569:. Two thousand Polish intellectuals, politicians, and businessmen were murdered in the
1534:
1441:
1385:
1374:
1321:
1217:
1130:
1067:
942:
724:
705:
669:
8895:
7803:
National Identity and Weimar Germany: Upper Silesia and the Eastern Border, 1918–1922,
7229:(in German). Vol. 33 (2nd ed.). Berlin, Germany; New York City: de Gruyter.
6661:
4172:
2422:
regency) during the 19th century and the early 20th century can be found in Table 2.:
1545:, particularly in Upper Silesia, was the extermination of those whom Nazis viewed as "
1225:
9608:
9603:
9117:
9011:
8663:
8574:
8569:
8557:
8552:
8415:
8389:
8356:
8323:
8290:
8264:
8231:
8135:
Post-Holocaust politics: Britain, the United States & Jewish refugees, 1945–1948,
7939:
7886:"Stosunki narodowościowe na Śląsku w świetle relacji pruskich urzędników z roku 1882"
7495:
7452:
7419:
7399:
7379:
7355:
7338:
Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion
7177:
6613:
6197:
6127:
5906:
5671:
5483:
5099:
4864:
4723:
4288:
4257:
3787:
3585:
3581:
3438:
2087:
Polish names of Silesian cities, from a 1750 Prussian official document published in
1774:
1679:
1572:
1484:
1476:
1378:
1373:, some until the 17th–18th centuries. In 1469, sovereignty over the region passed to
1366:
1325:
1263:
1251:
895:
795:
752:
693:
685:
681:
606:
591:
555:
215:
142:
89:
8623:
7517:
6267:
6183:
4210:
2936:
1507:, was mostly awarded to the new Czechoslovakia (becoming known as Czech Silesia and
1073:
9779:
9758:
9642:
9554:
9359:
9259:
9050:
9023:
8989:
8750:
8448:
6951:
6945:
6901:
6823:
6473:
6245:
6225:
6047:
5624:
5530:
5436:
5270:
5052:
4629:
4441:
4393:
4006:
3512:
3140:
2892:
2428:
Table 2. Numbers of Polish, German and other inhabitants (Regierungsbezirk Oppeln)
2141:
was between 2/3 and 3/4 German-speaking, between 1/5 and 1/3 Polish-speaking, with
2120:
1778:
1649:
1500:
1221:
1205:
1200:
diocese in the region, and one of the oldest dioceses in Poland, subjugated to the
1177:
1162:
1115:
986:
970:
929:
916:
732:
665:
661:
587:
313:
303:
8804:
7767:
6379:
6175:
6141:
5828:
3271:
1653:
stayed were expelled and a new Polish population, including people displaced from
9613:
9588:
9583:
9518:
9349:
9055:
8984:
8777:
8772:
8767:
8673:
8437:
7413:
7393:
7373:
7182:
6895:
6777:
4409:
2968:
2952:
2928:
2896:
1707:
1286:
1173:
1138:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1012:
1004:
934:
853:
835:
827:
799:
657:
269:
117:
75:
8867:
7688:
6217:
5261:
3843:
3503:
3416:
2932:
1916:
reserves were found near Legnica, making them some of the largest in the world.
1770:
751:, most of the German-held Silesia was transferred to Polish jurisdiction by the
244:
9711:
9578:
9209:
8832:
8809:
8653:
8638:
8458:
6735:
6337:
6039:
5616:
5522:
5428:
5044:
4974:
4621:
4433:
4385:
4352:, Görlitz was considered part of Lower Silesia in years 1319–1329 and 1815–1945
3998:
3132:
2112:
1876:
1766:
1691:
1393:
1329:
1166:
1158:
962:
882:
874:
736:
720:
392:
103:
8443:
5696:
5021:
4795:
3834:
826:
The names of Silesia in different languages most likely share their etymology—
9773:
9598:
9367:
9018:
8529:
8419:
8199:
7326:
Piotr Eberhardt, Political Migrations in Poland, 1939–1948, Warsaw 2006, p.25
7127:
6707:
6520:
4786:
3302:
3262:
3204:
3149:
3097:
2992:
2415:
2157:
2104:
2092:
1833:
1742:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1504:
1468:
1460:
1423:
1354:
1344:
1313:
1255:
1229:
1185:
1134:
985:) in mid-southern Silesia, which served as a place of cult for pagans before
787:
701:
673:
645:
575:
571:
563:
433:
424:
364:
351:
8862:
7281:
R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.) Historia Śląska, Wrocław 2007, pp. 21–22
7267:
R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.) Historia Śląska, Wrocław 2007, pp. 37–38
7258:
R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.) Historia Śląska, Wrocław 2007, pp. 34–35
5884:
4739:
3407:
1952:
1757:
River. The region also includes many tributaries of the Oder, including the
814:
9465:
8920:
8872:
8214:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–92.
7163:
6681:
5687:
4748:
4701:
4069:
3984:
3008:
1634:
1594:
1538:
1518:
776:
760:
748:
744:
740:
8938:
8185:Łęknica and Bad Muskau were considered part of Silesia in years 1815–1945.
6301:
6072:
5875:
5452:
3890:
3702:
1948:
1737:
1290:
743:, as a result of German occupation the entire region was under control of
219:
9099:
9045:
9040:
8724:
8453:
8257:
Tajny front na granicy cieszyńskiej. Wywiad i dywersja w latach 1919–1939
7923:(in German). Berlin: Verlagsbuchhandlung von Julius Springer. p. 27.
6757:
6677:
6063:
5781:
5218:
4304:
4078:
3881:
3693:
2999:
2920:
2123:
1928:
1863:
As well as the Katowice area, historical Upper Silesia also includes the
1590:
1546:
1533:
Polish Silesia was among the first regions invaded during Germany's 1939
1278:
1259:
716:
656:. The first known states to hold power in Silesia were probably those of
9737:
8847:
7936:
Geschichte des deutsch-slawischen Sprachkontaktes im Teschener Schlesien
7825:(in German). Verlag des Geographischen Instituts Weimar. pp. 33–34.
7716:. Washington, D.C.: Washington, Government Printing Office. p. 128.
7305:
R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.) Historia Śląska, Wrocław 2007, p. 81
7223:
Jankuhn, Herbert; Beck, Heinrich; et al., eds. (2006). "Wandalen".
6617:
4936:
4927:
4880:
4842:
4833:
4560:
4551:
4466:
4457:
1433:
1233:
1146:
9424:
9411:
8877:
6685:
5461:
4022:
1750:
1686:. Czech Silesia is now part of the Czech Republic, forming part of the
1628:
1564:
1508:
1122:
978:
9444:
9170:
6641:
6385:
6287:
6119:
6025:
4607:
4313:
4163:
3655:
3066:
2948:
2912:
1813:
1527:
1085:
634:
614:
595:
420:
410:
9718:
9479:
9404:
8915:
7371:
7291:
Zientara, Benedykt (1975). "Walonowie na Śląsku w XII i XIII wieku".
6371:
5978:
5790:
5649:
5555:
5317:
5209:
5162:
2984:
2924:
2150:
2108:
1936:
1337:
1181:
1154:
1099:
641:
508:
480:
9504:
Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia
9472:
5969:
5640:
5546:
5414:
5308:
5030:
4889:
4116:
3646:
1625:
camps, including a network of forced labour camps solely for Poles (
1289:
in Poland took place in the region, with the granting of rights for
1269:
9436:
8910:
8905:
8857:
8260:
7854:
Ludność, in: Historia Śląska, vol. II: 1763–1850, part 1: 1763–1806
7727:
Dillingham, William Paul; Folkmar, Daniel; Folkmar, Elnora (1911).
7710:
Dillingham, William Paul; Folkmar, Daniel; Folkmar, Elnora (1911).
6147:
5405:
3173:
1349:
1243:
1237:
1197:
1126:
1093:
903:
626:
239:
9732:
5734:
5499:
5358:
5171:
5115:
3740:
2062:
1089:
9326:
8900:
8887:
8842:
8762:
8463:
6315:
6161:
6133:
6016:
5743:
5367:
5233:
5124:
4349:
4328:
3749:
3456:
3313:
3224:
3153:
3117:
3108:
2058:
2054:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1825:
1801:
1754:
1512:
1333:
1150:
1121:
tribes were first recorded within Silesia in the 1st century BC.
1048:
768:
700:
fiefdoms, some until the 17th–18th centuries. As a result of the
697:
630:
567:
475:
397:
38:
8837:
8454:
Photos from Silesian towns, villages and communities before 1946
5922:
5068:
4125:
3928:
3599:
3550:
3360:
3164:
2153:
and Jews forming other smaller minorities (see Table 1. below).
1797:
1758:
1246:
came to Silesia as one of the first foreign immigrant groups in
1153:. East of this line dwelt a closely related Lechitic tribe, the
9451:
9430:
7553:"Wise International | World Information Service on Energy"
7243:
7153:
6787:
6231:
6189:
6086:
5992:
5945:
5898:
5851:
5804:
5757:
5710:
5663:
5569:
5475:
5381:
5332:
5284:
5242:
5185:
5138:
5091:
4997:
4950:
4903:
4856:
4809:
4762:
4715:
4692:
4668:
4598:
4574:
4527:
4480:
4342:
4337:
4280:
4233:
4186:
4139:
4092:
4045:
3951:
3904:
3857:
3810:
3763:
3716:
3669:
3622:
3573:
3526:
3479:
3465:
3430:
3383:
3336:
3322:
3286:
3238:
3215:
3187:
3080:
3057:
2146:
2116:
2088:
1711:
1247:
594:(minority in Upper Silesia). The largest city of the region is
559:
534:
513:
387:
235:
9486:
8814:
8203:
8064:
7415:
The Oder-Neisse Line: a reappraisal under internaromtional law
7222:
7017:
6993:
6969:
6966:
6916:
6862:
6841:
6838:
3975:
1962:
The region is known for stone quarrying to produce limestone,
1808:). However, because part of Upper Lusatia was included in the
1293:
by Henry the Bearded. Medieval municipal rights modeled after
293:
9373:
8852:
7873:(in German). Berlin: Verlagsbuchhandlung von Julius Springer.
6621:
6527:
Flags with their colors refer to the coat of arms of Silesia.
6357:
6343:
6273:
6259:
6203:
5931:
5602:
5593:
5077:
4371:
3937:
3608:
3559:
3369:
3004:
2419:
2142:
1932:
1864:
1793:
1762:
1503:, the small portion of Silesia retained by Austria after the
1142:
1118:
1077:
950:
618:
429:
249:
229:
8320:
Silesia under the Authority of the Hohenzollerns (1741-1918)
7856:(in Polish). Wrocław: edited by W. Długoborski. p. 150.
4362:
8824:
8796:
8386:
Permanent Change - The New Region(s) of Silesia (1945-2015)
8072:
Holocaust: From the persecution of the Jews to mass murder,
8059:
Holocaust: From the persecution of the Jews to mass murder,
7769:
Die Verbreitung und die Herkunft der Deutschen in Schlesien
6999:
6984:
6975:
6972:
6957:
6925:
6922:
6907:
6871:
6868:
6853:
6844:
6829:
6566:
Flag of the Austrian Silesia (1742–1918), and Czech Silesia
3012:
1963:
1800:
Rivers, while the territory west of the Kwisa was in Upper
1440:
between 1635 and 1742, before most of Silesia was ceded to
1370:
775:, which had belonged to Silesia since 1815, became part of
676:. In the 14th century, it became a constituent part of the
602:
323:
44:"Schlesien" and "Śląsk" redirect here. For other uses, see
7920:
Die Polen in Oberschlesien: eine statistische Untersuchung
7870:
Die Polen in Oberschlesien: eine statistische Untersuchung
6996:
6865:
8409:
7008:
1848:) for the province covering this area. In fact, the word
1204:. Poland repulsed German invasions of Silesia in 1017 at
8051:
7726:
7709:
7095:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
1216:, Silesia and the rest of the country were divided into
9514:
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland
8219:
Czapliński, Marek; Wiszewski, Przemysław, eds. (2014).
7841:(in Polish). Wrocław: Wilhelm Bogumił Korn. p. 60.
2963:
After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, following
9509:
Silesian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession
8127:
7447:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp.
7375:
The Politics Today Companion to West European Politics
2975:, imprisonment in ghettos and ethnic cleansing to the
2955:(1807–16); and Abraham ben Gedaliah Tiktin (1816–20).
2919:
Historically, Silesia was about equally split between
1051:
tribe, an etymology preferred by some German authors.
806:
is nearing extinction due to its speakers' expulsion.
578:
in the east. Silesia has a diverse culture, including
8287:
The Strengthening of Silesian Regionalism (1526-1740)
7026:
7005:
6981:
6954:
6934:
6919:
6904:
6880:
6850:
6826:
1792:
Historically, Silesia was bounded to the west by the
1471:, was contested by Germany and the newly independent
1072:
In the fourth century BC from the south, through the
558:
of Central Europe that lies mostly within modern-day
7391:
7277:
7275:
7273:
7014:
6990:
6963:
6913:
6859:
6835:
6697:
1908:
The 41 coal mines in Silesia are mostly part of the
123:
8228:
Region Divided - Times of Nation-States (1918-1945)
8218:
7518:"Mamy największe złoża węgla brunatnego na świecie"
7490:
7488:
7486:
7484:
7482:
7011:
6987:
6960:
6910:
6856:
6832:
1254:in the early 13th century. Since the 13th century,
977:. The names all relate to the name of a river (now
790:had developed a new mixed Polish dialect and novel
7440:
7438:
1459:in 1815; consequently, Silesia became part of the
7411:
7270:
2076:The United States Immigration Commission, in its
1655:former Eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union
1637:of prisons, POW camps and of the Gross-Rosen and
1157:. Their northern border was in the valley of the
759:and became again part of Poland, although with a
9771:
7883:
7645:"Cadmium: World Refinery Production, By Country"
7479:
2137:In the early 19th century the population of the
1561:camps, while Germans were settled in pursuit of
1515:and territory to the east of it went to Poland.
1188:incorporated Silesia into the newly established
704:, the region was annexed by the German state of
8410:Zahradnik, Stanisław; Marek Ryczkowski (1992).
8388:. Vol. 5. Wrocław, Poland: ebooki.com.pl.
8355:. Vol. 1. Wrocław, Poland: ebooki.com.pl.
8353:The Long Formation of the Region (c. 1000–1526)
8322:. Vol. 3. Wrocław, Poland: ebooki.com.pl.
8289:. Vol. 2. Wrocław, Poland: ebooki.com.pl.
8230:. Vol. 4. Wrocław, Poland: ebooki.com.pl.
7813:
7811:
7774:The Spread and the Origin of Germans in Silesia
7246:Deutsche und Polen: Geschichte, Kultur, Politik
2958:
1836:region. However, to many Poles today, Silesia (
1621:camps), numerous Nazi prisons and thousands of
7579:"Copper: World Smelter Production, By Country"
7372:Geoffrey K. Roberts, Patricia Hogwood (2013).
7295:(in Polish). No. 66/3. pp. 353, 357.
1694:. Germany retains the Silesia-Lusatia region (
81:
8479:
7786:
7667:"Lead: World Refinery Production, By Country"
1753:River, but it extends eastwards to the upper
8146:DB Klusmeyer & DG Papademetriou (2009).
7991:Nazi Policy, Jewish Workers, German Killers,
7817:
7808:
7601:"Zinc: World Smelter Production, By Country"
7471:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
6447:The coat of arms of the Opolskie Voivodeship
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1701:
1695:
1626:
1570:
1562:
1464:mountain region (Hirschberg, Schneekoppe).
1447:In 1742, most of Silesia was seized by King
1405:
1388:in the second half of the 15th century (the
1281:in orange, Upper Silesia in green and yellow
1025:is directly related to the Old Polish words
794:. There is ongoing debate about whether the
109:
67:
7910:
7884:Kalisch, Johannes; Bochinski, Hans (1958).
7860:
7776:] (in German). Stuttgart: J. Engelhorn.
7623:"Silver: World Mine Production, By Country"
7226:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde
6768:Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)
2119:. Germans first came to Silesia during the
1141:settlement was situated to the west of the
617:; the historic capital of Upper Silesia is
95:
9785:Historical geography of the Czech Republic
8486:
8472:
8414:. Warszawa - Praga - Trzyniec: PAI-press.
8343:
8311:Harc, Lucyna; Kulak, Teresa, eds. (2015).
8278:Harc, Lucyna; Wąs, Gabriela, eds. (2014).
8251:
8137:University of North Carolina Press, p.176.
7916:
7866:
7851:
7439:Lukowski, Zawadski, Jerzy, Hubert (2006).
7335:
7088:
6392:
1414:in 1476 and with the renunciation of King
733:remaining former Austrian parts of Silesia
8376:
8310:
7398:. Harvard University Press. p. 303.
2915:) and Upper Silesia were mostly Catholic.
8198:
7993:Cambridge University Press, 2000, p.147.
7765:
7496:"Natural Resources | poland.gov.pl"
7418:. East European Monographs. p. 33.
7290:
7244:Andreas Lawaty, Hubert Orłowski (2003).
6433:Coat of arms of the Silesian Voivodeship
2906:
2082:
1971:Annual production of minerals in Silesia
1893:
1736:
1710:, which is part of the federal state of
1667:in agricultural and industrial affairs.
1517:
1432:
1268:
1180:. In the 10th century, the Polish ruler
1098:
813:
8277:
7780:
7378:. Oxford University Press. p. 50.
6598:
6579:Flag of Prussian Lower Silesia province
6540:Flag of Prussian Upper Silesia province
2164:Table 1. Ethno-linguistic structure of
1260:immigration from German-speaking states
1172:The first known states in Silesia were
672:, ruled by various lines of the Polish
621:. The biggest metropolitan area is the
449:40,400 km (15,600 sq mi)
328:Base map shows modern national borders.
14:
9772:
8174:Dark Continent: Europe's 20th Century,
8038:ludności pol. i żydowskiej na Śląsku).
7958:Meyers Konversationslexikon 5. Auflage
7835:
1467:After World War I, a part of Silesia,
1309:and Wrocław in Silesia, respectively.
928:
915:
902:
9298:
9186:
8954:
8598:
8506:
8467:
7893:Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
7070:from the original on 27 February 2023
1664:Ministry of the Recovered Territories
1343:Between 1289 and 1292, Bohemian king
1202:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno
1038:
1029:
1020:
1011:
999:topographic names in the region (see
881:
860:
834:
8097:University of Nebraska Press, p.544.
1939:. In the Middle Ages, gold (Polish:
1882:
1256:German cultural and ethnic influence
1080:entered Silesia, and settled around
9086:Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis
8377:Wiszewski, Przemysław, ed. (2015).
8344:Przemysław, Wiszewski, ed. (2013).
7933:
7805:University of Nebraska Press, p.17.
7248:(in German). C.H.Beck. p. 183.
3018:
1818:Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis
1455:, eventually becoming the Prussian
27:Historical region of Central Europe
24:
9236:Legnicko-Głogowski Okręg Miedziowy
9215:Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area
8493:
8163:Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, p.69.
7791:(in German). Callwey. p. 138.
7720:
7216:
6803:Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area
6062:
6015:
5968:
5921:
5874:
5827:
5780:
5733:
5686:
5639:
5592:
5545:
5498:
5451:
5404:
5357:
5307:
5260:
5208:
5161:
5114:
5067:
5020:
4973:
4926:
4879:
4832:
4785:
4738:
4691:
4644:
4597:
4550:
4503:
4456:
4408:
4361:
4303:
4256:
4209:
4162:
4115:
4068:
4021:
3974:
3927:
3880:
3833:
3786:
3739:
3692:
3645:
3598:
3549:
3502:
3455:
3406:
3359:
3312:
3261:
3214:
3163:
3107:
3056:
798:should be considered a dialect of
660:at the end of the 9th century and
25:
9816:
9545:Moravian–Silesian Football League
8449:Old postcards from Silesian towns
8427:
7689:"Samorząd Województwa Opolskiego"
6593:Flag of Lower Silesia Voivodeship
3075:293 km (113 sq mi)
1579:Poland-wide Germanization program
1553:, mass murder and deportation to
995:is listed as one of the numerous
9754:
9753:
9736:
9731:
9169:
8937:
8093:Christopher R. Browning (2007).
7989:Christopher R. Browning (2000).
7625:. Indexmundi.com. 13 August 2004
6950:
6900:
6822:
6793:Upper Silesian Industrial Region
6742:
6728:
6714:
6700:
6669:
6649:
6629:
6605:
6586:
6571:
6559:
6547:
6532:
6512:
6497:
6481:
6465:
6453:
6439:
6425:
6409:
6378:
6364:
6350:
6336:
6322:
6308:
6294:
6280:
6266:
6252:
6238:
6224:
6210:
6196:
6182:
6168:
6154:
6140:
6126:
6112:
6093:
6085:
6046:
6038:
5999:
5991:
5952:
5944:
5905:
5897:
5858:
5850:
5811:
5803:
5764:
5756:
5717:
5709:
5670:
5662:
5623:
5615:
5576:
5568:
5529:
5521:
5482:
5474:
5435:
5427:
5388:
5380:
5339:
5331:
5291:
5283:
5241:
5232:
5192:
5184:
5145:
5137:
5098:
5090:
5051:
5043:
5004:
4996:
4957:
4949:
4910:
4902:
4863:
4855:
4816:
4808:
4769:
4761:
4722:
4714:
4675:
4667:
4628:
4620:
4581:
4573:
4534:
4526:
4487:
4479:
4440:
4432:
4392:
4384:
4336:
4327:
4287:
4279:
4275:124 km (48 sq mi)
4240:
4232:
4193:
4185:
4146:
4138:
4099:
4091:
4052:
4044:
4005:
3997:
3958:
3950:
3911:
3903:
3864:
3856:
3852:109 km (42 sq mi)
3817:
3809:
3770:
3762:
3723:
3715:
3676:
3668:
3629:
3621:
3580:
3572:
3533:
3525:
3486:
3478:
3474:148 km (57 sq mi)
3437:
3429:
3390:
3382:
3343:
3335:
3293:
3285:
3281:125 km (48 sq mi)
3245:
3237:
3233:134 km (52 sq mi)
3194:
3186:
3182:165 km (64 sq mi)
3139:
3131:
3127:214 km (83 sq mi)
3087:
3079:
1277:, 1172–1177, Lower Silesia with
1161:River, north of which lived the
334:
292:
275:
263:
199:
192:
181:
174:
163:
156:
8179:
8166:
8153:
8140:
8118:
8109:
8100:
8087:
8077:
8041:
8031:
8005:
7996:
7983:
7980:Purdue University Press, p.173.
7970:
7961:
7952:
7938:(in German). pp. 258–322.
7927:
7877:
7845:
7829:
7795:
7759:
7737:
7703:
7681:
7659:
7637:
7615:
7593:
7571:
7545:
7532:
7510:
7432:
7365:
7348:
7329:
7320:
7308:
7299:
7284:
7261:
7252:
7237:
6460:Henryk IV's Probus coat of arms
6034:31 km (12 sq mi)
5987:37 km (14 sq mi)
5752:84 km (32 sq mi)
5705:30 km (12 sq mi)
5611:44 km (17 sq mi)
5564:89 km (34 sq mi)
5517:34 km (13 sq mi)
5470:40 km (15 sq mi)
5423:25 km (10 sq mi)
5376:36 km (14 sq mi)
5228:96 km (37 sq mi)
5180:27 km (10 sq mi)
5133:29 km (11 sq mi)
5039:85 km (33 sq mi)
4992:33 km (13 sq mi)
4898:34 km (13 sq mi)
4757:79 km (31 sq mi)
4710:27 km (10 sq mi)
4663:50 km (19 sq mi)
4616:58 km (22 sq mi)
4569:75 km (29 sq mi)
4428:52 km (20 sq mi)
4380:91 km (35 sq mi)
4323:68 km (26 sq mi)
4228:40 km (15 sq mi)
4181:84 km (32 sq mi)
4134:65 km (25 sq mi)
4087:35 km (14 sq mi)
4040:25 km (10 sq mi)
3993:32 km (12 sq mi)
3946:41 km (16 sq mi)
3899:66 km (25 sq mi)
3805:85 km (33 sq mi)
3758:56 km (22 sq mi)
3711:85 km (33 sq mi)
3664:33 km (13 sq mi)
3617:82 km (32 sq mi)
3568:97 km (37 sq mi)
3521:78 km (30 sq mi)
3425:58 km (22 sq mi)
3378:69 km (27 sq mi)
3331:80 km (31 sq mi)
2103:Modern Silesia is inhabited by
2068:
1828:River, which separates it from
1717:The region was affected by the
1422:was held in pawn by the Polish
1273:Silesia in the early period of
684:, which passed to the Austrian
648:, resulting in an abundance of
8997:Silesian Voivodeship (1920–39)
7730:Dictionary of Races or Peoples
7713:Dictionary of Races or Peoples
7669:. Indexmundi.com. 24 June 2005
7581:. Indexmundi.com. 28 July 2011
7555:. 0.antenna.nl. Archived from
7520:(in Polish). Gazetawyborcza.pl
7207:
7198:
7183:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
7170:
7141:
7110:
7082:
7056:
6815:
6081:15 km (6 sq mi)
5940:19 km (7 sq mi)
5893:11 km (4 sq mi)
5846:21 km (8 sq mi)
5799:24 km (9 sq mi)
5658:12 km (5 sq mi)
5327:16 km (6 sq mi)
5279:20 km (8 sq mi)
5086:15 km (6 sq mi)
4945:21 km (8 sq mi)
4851:22 km (8 sq mi)
4804:24 km (9 sq mi)
4522:13 km (5 sq mi)
4475:22 km (8 sq mi)
2078:Dictionary of Races or Peoples
1599:Gross-Rosen concentration camp
1541:. One of the claimed goals of
1453:War of the Austrian Succession
1196:was established as the oldest
637:are within Silesia's borders.
601:Silesia is situated along the
551:
13:
1:
9795:Historical regions in Germany
9660:Schlesien Unvergessene Heimat
8599:
8548:1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite
8161:Silesia: yesterday and today,
7647:. Indexmundi.com. 18 May 2012
7603:. Indexmundi.com. 1 July 2004
7392:Piotr Stefan Wandycz (1980).
7098:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
7064:"EU regions by GDP, Eurostat"
7049:
6763:Expulsion of Poles by Germany
6416:Coat of arms of the Prussian
2414:Ethnic structure of Prussian
1690:and the northern part of the
1658:to Silesia. The newly formed
1426:as dowry of the Polish queen
804:Lower Silesian German dialect
644:and after the rise of modern
629:. Parts of the Czech city of
9800:Historical regions in Poland
9524:Pentecostal Church in Poland
8955:
8634:Obniżenie Milicko-Głogowskie
8440: (archived 27 July 2007)
7852:Ładogórski, Tadeusz (1966).
7395:The United States and Poland
2959:Consequences of World War II
2885:Total population: 2,207,981
2607:Census, monolingual Polish:
2098:
1732:
1660:Polish United Workers' Party
1585:by Nazis. Czech Silesia was
809:
802:or a separate language. The
7:
9299:
9187:
8684:Silesian-Moravian Foothills
8507:
8048:masakr ludności żydowskiej.
7443:A Concise History of Poland
6773:List of people from Silesia
6693:
6554:Flag of Silesia Voivodeship
3007:, which was annexed by the
2971:and Einsatzgruppe I led by
2902:
2192:acc. T. Ładogórski in 1787
1889:People's Republic of Poland
1745:, 1561; north at the bottom
1697:Niederschlesien-Oberlausitz
1573:Intelligenzaktion Schlesien
1438:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
1420:Duchy of Opole and Racibórz
611:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
10:
9821:
9707:Silesian Autonomy Movement
9350:Silesian Museum (Katowice)
8679:Silesian-Lusatian Lowlands
8192:
7836:Plater, Stanisław (1825).
7412:Phillip A. Bühler (1990).
7336:Wardzyńska, Maria (2009).
7123:Collins English Dictionary
6400:
6004:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
5957:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
5816:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
5722:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
5393:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
5344:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
5296:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
5197:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
4962:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
4821:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
4492:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
4104:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
3963:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
3869:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
3775:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
3728:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
3093:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
2989:Christian Democratic Union
2427:
1676:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
1412:Margraviate of Brandenburg
1065:
1061:
623:Katowice metropolitan area
562:, with small parts in the
340:Silesia on a map of Poland
46:Schlesien (disambiguation)
43:
36:
29:
9749:
9729:
9701:Landsmannschaft Schlesien
9687:
9651:
9633:
9626:
9574:
9567:
9532:
9496:
9358:
9316:
9309:
9305:
9294:
9270:
9246:Upper Silesian Coal Basin
9241:Lower Silesian Coal Basin
9231:Bielski Okręg Przemysłowy
9223:
9197:
9193:
9182:
9167:
9139:
9098:
9071:
9064:
8972:
8965:
8961:
8950:
8935:
8886:
8823:
8795:
8788:
8756:Moravian-Silesian Beskids
8738:
8702:
8629:Lower Silesian Wilderness
8611:
8607:
8594:
8515:
8502:
7899:. Leipzig. Archived from
6581:(1919–1938 and 1941–1945)
6542:(1919–1938 and 1941–1945)
6506:Lower Silesia Voivodeship
6492:(1919–1938 and 1941–1945)
6490:province of Lower Silesia
6420:(1919–1938 and 1941–1945)
6418:province of Upper Silesia
2621:together with bilinguals
1910:Upper Silesian Coal Basin
1899:Bolesław Śmiały Coal Mine
1783:Moravian-Silesian Beskids
1729:Central European floods.
1583:kidnapped Polish children
1258:increased as a result of
729:Upper Silesian plebiscite
625:, the centre of which is
524:
507:
499:
491:
486:
474:
466:
458:
453:
445:
440:
416:
406:
380:
345:
333:
291:
259:
214:From top, left to right:
149:
140:
62:
9152:Lower Silesian and Opole
9081:Moravian–Silesian Region
8019:. JewishEncyclopedia.com
8017:1906 Jewish Encyclopedia
6808:
6051:Moravian-Silesian Region
5628:Moravian-Silesian Region
5534:Moravian-Silesian Region
5440:Moravian-Silesian Region
5056:Moravian-Silesian Region
4633:Moravian-Silesian Region
4445:Moravian-Silesian Region
4397:Moravian-Silesian Region
4010:Moravian-Silesian Region
3145:Moravian-Silesian Region
2893:Austrian part of Silesia
2139:Prussian part of Silesia
1869:Moravian-Silesian Region
1741:First map of Silesia by
1688:Moravian-Silesian Region
1555:Nazi concentration camps
1318:first invasion of Poland
1224:. In 1178, parts of the
1137:. The eastern border of
784:forced population shifts
37:Not to be confused with
32:Silesia (disambiguation)
9345:Silesian Museum (Opava)
8730:Slezská Harta Reservoir
8211:Encyclopædia Britannica
7801:Hunt Tooley, T (1997).
7766:Weinhold, Karl (1887).
7340:(in Polish). Warszawa:
7160:Oxford University Press
6403:Coat of arms of Silesia
6393:Flags and coats of arms
6107:* Only part in Silesia
2184:acc. S. Plater in 1823
2176:acc. G. Hassel in 1819
2050:agricultural land use.
1761:(and its tributary the
1703:Schlesische Oberlausitz
1449:Frederick II of Prussia
1410:) was inherited by the
1214:Fragmentation of Poland
953:, Spanish and English:
946:
925:
912:
899:
891:
755:between the victorious
633:and the German city of
500: • Per capita
470:200/km (500/sq mi)
124:
82:
9550:National football team
8710:Jezioro Goczałkowickie
8694:Zielona Góra Acclivity
8444:Map of Silesia in 1763
8434:Silesia in Europe page
8074:Routledge, pp.110–138.
7787:Jobst Gumpert (1966).
6067:
6020:
5973:
5926:
5879:
5832:
5785:
5738:
5691:
5644:
5597:
5550:
5503:
5456:
5409:
5362:
5312:
5265:
5213:
5166:
5119:
5072:
5025:
4978:
4931:
4884:
4837:
4790:
4743:
4696:
4649:
4602:
4555:
4508:
4461:
4448:Czech Silesia/Moravia
4413:
4366:
4308:
4261:
4214:
4167:
4120:
4073:
4026:
3979:
3932:
3885:
3838:
3791:
3744:
3697:
3650:
3603:
3554:
3507:
3460:
3411:
3364:
3317:
3266:
3219:
3168:
3112:
3061:
2941:were forcibly expelled
2916:
2095:
1966:, marble, and basalt.
1944:
1943:) and silver (Polish:
1940:
1905:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1785:, which belong to the
1746:
1702:
1696:
1627:
1609:POWs (incl. the major
1571:
1563:
1543:Nazi German occupation
1530:
1473:Second Polish Republic
1444:
1406:
1328:, which took place at
1285:The first granting of
1282:
1275:Poland's fragmentation
1112:
1001:old European hydronymy
974:
966:
958:
938:
878:
857:
831:
823:
725:insurrections by Poles
590:, traditions, and the
110:
96:
68:
50:Śląsk (disambiguation)
9519:Roman Catholic Church
9340:Upper Silesian Museum
7976:Kamusella, T (2007).
7822:Staatenbund darstellt
7818:Georg Hassel (1823).
7156:UK English Dictionary
6750:European Union portal
6722:Czech Republic portal
6066:
6019:
5972:
5925:
5878:
5831:
5784:
5737:
5690:
5643:
5596:
5549:
5502:
5455:
5408:
5361:
5311:
5264:
5212:
5165:
5118:
5071:
5024:
4977:
4930:
4883:
4836:
4789:
4742:
4695:
4648:
4601:
4554:
4507:
4460:
4412:
4365:
4348:Historically part of
4307:
4260:
4213:
4166:
4119:
4072:
4025:
3978:
3931:
3884:
3837:
3790:
3743:
3696:
3649:
3602:
3553:
3506:
3459:
3410:
3363:
3316:
3265:
3218:
3167:
3111:
3060:
2910:
2086:
1897:
1740:
1641:concentration camps.
1603:prisoner-of-war camps
1589:as part of so-called
1577:in 1940 as part of a
1521:
1436:
1272:
1109:Bolesław III Wrymouth
1107:) during the rule of
1103:Poland with Silesia (
1102:
1047:from the name of the
1003:). According to some
917:[ˈʃlazɨnʲska]
817:
782:As the result of the
735:were divided between
526: • Summer (
9540:Football Association
8715:Jezioro Otmuchowskie
8133:Kochavi, AJ (2001).
7293:Przegląd Historyczny
6783:Silesian Interurbans
6658:Historic Silver Mine
6599:World Heritage Sites
6504:Coat of arms of the
6098:Silesian Voivodeship
5863:Silesian Voivodeship
5769:Silesian Voivodeship
5581:Silesian Voivodeship
5150:Silesian Voivodeship
5009:Silesian Voivodeship
4984:Czechowice-Dziedzice
4915:Silesian Voivodeship
4774:Silesian Voivodeship
4680:Silesian Voivodeship
4586:Silesian Voivodeship
4539:Silesian Voivodeship
4245:Silesian Voivodeship
4198:Silesian Voivodeship
4151:Silesian Voivodeship
4057:Silesian Voivodeship
4032:Siemianowice Śląskie
3916:Silesian Voivodeship
3822:Silesian Voivodeship
3681:Silesian Voivodeship
3634:Silesian Voivodeship
3538:Silesian Voivodeship
3491:Silesian Voivodeship
3395:Silesian Voivodeship
3348:Silesian Voivodeship
3298:Silesian Voivodeship
3250:Silesian Voivodeship
3200:Silesian Voivodeship
1980:Production (tonnes)
1812:in 1815, in Germany
1787:Carpathian Mountains
1684:Silesian Voivodeship
1648:of 1945 defined the
1511:), although most of
1489:Silesian Voivodeship
1336:. Upon the death of
1287:municipal privileges
1218:many smaller duchies
1056:Silesian Voivodeship
862:[ˈʃleːzi̯ən]
678:Bohemian Crown Lands
652:, especially in the
467: • Density
30:For other uses, see
9790:Geography of Europe
9205:Katowice urban area
9113:Lubusz Voivodeships
8649:Przedgórze Sudeckie
8619:Jelenia Góra valley
8172:Mazower, M (1999).
7934:Chromik, Grzegorz.
7917:Paul Weber (1913).
7906:on 1 February 2020.
7867:Paul Weber (1913).
6798:Katowice urban area
3048:Historic subregion
3005:Eastern Borderlands
2402:c. 1.8 million
2392:c. 2.2 million
2382:c. 2.1 million
2169:
2168:in years 1787–1823
1973:
1860:or Upper Silesia).
1845:województwo śląskie
1830:Zagłębie Dąbrowskie
1810:Province of Silesia
1587:occupied by Germany
1457:Province of Silesia
1369:as formal Bohemian
739:and Poland. During
654:Jelenia Góra valley
495:€150 billion (2022)
361: /
9805:Historical regions
9652:Unofficial anthems
8669:Silesian Przesieka
8659:Silesian Foothills
8253:Długajczyk, Edward
8159:Scholz, A (1964).
7789:Polen, Deutschland
7559:on 10 October 2007
7498:. En.poland.gov.pl
6068:
6021:
5974:
5927:
5910:Lubusz Voivodeship
5880:
5833:
5786:
5739:
5692:
5645:
5598:
5551:
5504:
5487:Lubusz Voivodeship
5457:
5410:
5363:
5313:
5266:
5214:
5167:
5120:
5073:
5026:
4979:
4932:
4885:
4868:Lubusz Voivodeship
4838:
4791:
4744:
4697:
4650:
4603:
4556:
4509:
4462:
4414:
4367:
4309:
4262:
4215:
4168:
4121:
4074:
4027:
3980:
3933:
3886:
3839:
3792:
3745:
3698:
3651:
3604:
3555:
3508:
3461:
3443:Lubusz Voivodeship
3412:
3365:
3318:
3267:
3220:
3169:
3113:
3062:
3003:the former Polish
2977:General Government
2973:Bruno Streckenbach
2965:Nazi racial policy
2917:
2163:
2096:
1969:
1906:
1747:
1672:Lubusz Voivodeship
1646:Potsdam Conference
1531:
1445:
1322:Henry II the Pious
1283:
1194:Diocese of Wrocław
1131:Silesian Przesieka
1113:
1068:History of Silesia
824:
771:strip west of the
492: • Total
459: • Total
446: • Total
9767:
9766:
9745:
9744:
9727:
9726:
9683:
9682:
9622:
9621:
9563:
9562:
9290:
9289:
9286:
9285:
9260:Rybnik Coal Areas
9251:Industrial Region
9178:
9177:
9165:
9164:
9135:
9134:
9131:
9130:
8946:
8945:
8933:
8932:
8929:
8928:
8664:Silesian Lowlands
8590:
8589:
8575:Battle of Leuthen
8570:Battle of Legnica
8558:Treaty of Teschen
8553:Treaty of Dresden
8395:978-83-942651-2-0
8362:978-83-927132-1-0
8329:978-83-942651-3-7
8296:978-83-927132-6-5
8237:978-83-927132-8-9
7945:978-3-88246-398-9
7458:978-0-521-61857-1
7186:. Merriam-Webster
6614:Churches of Peace
6105:
6104:
5675:Opole Voivodeship
5349:
5252:
5103:Opole Voivodeship
4727:Opole Voivodeship
4353:
4292:Opole Voivodeship
3586:Opole Voivodeship
2889:
2888:
2412:
2411:
2130:, Silesians, and
2047:
2046:
1883:Natural resources
1775:Sudeten Mountains
1680:Opole Voivodeship
1485:Silesian uprising
1477:League of Nations
1402:Krosno Odrzańskie
1398:Diocese of Kraków
1390:Duchy of Oświęcim
1379:Habsburg monarchy
1332:near the city of
1326:Battle of Legnica
1264:Holy Roman Empire
1252:Henry the Bearded
1220:ruled by various
1013:[ˈɕlɛ̃ʐa]
997:Pre-Indo-European
930:[ˈʃlɛska]
883:[ˈslɛsko]
796:Silesian language
753:Potsdam Agreement
747:. In 1945, after
686:Habsburg monarchy
682:Holy Roman Empire
607:Sudeten Mountains
592:Silesian language
556:historical region
545:
544:
143:Historical region
57:Historical region
16:(Redirected from
9812:
9757:
9756:
9740:
9735:
9712:Marsz Autōnōmije
9631:
9630:
9592:
9591:(Lower Silesian)
9589:Silesian German
9572:
9571:
9555:Silesian Stadium
9385:
9335:Regional costume
9314:
9313:
9307:
9306:
9296:
9295:
9195:
9194:
9184:
9183:
9173:
9076:Jeseník District
9069:
9068:
9051:Austrian Silesia
9024:Silesia Province
8970:
8969:
8963:
8962:
8952:
8951:
8941:
8793:
8792:
8751:Silesian Beskids
8720:Jezioro Sławskie
8609:
8608:
8596:
8595:
8564:Book of Henryków
8504:
8503:
8488:
8481:
8474:
8465:
8464:
8459:What is Silesia?
8423:
8412:Korzenie Zaolzia
8406:
8404:
8402:
8383:
8373:
8371:
8369:
8350:
8340:
8338:
8336:
8317:
8307:
8305:
8303:
8284:
8274:
8248:
8246:
8244:
8225:
8215:
8207:
8186:
8183:
8177:
8170:
8164:
8157:
8151:
8144:
8138:
8131:
8125:
8122:
8116:
8113:
8107:
8104:
8098:
8091:
8085:
8081:
8075:
8068:
8062:
8055:
8049:
8045:
8039:
8035:
8029:
8028:
8026:
8024:
8009:
8003:
8000:
7994:
7987:
7981:
7974:
7968:
7965:
7959:
7956:
7950:
7949:
7931:
7925:
7924:
7914:
7908:
7907:
7905:
7890:
7881:
7875:
7874:
7864:
7858:
7857:
7849:
7843:
7842:
7833:
7827:
7826:
7815:
7806:
7799:
7793:
7792:
7784:
7778:
7777:
7763:
7757:
7756:
7754:
7752:
7741:
7735:
7734:
7724:
7718:
7717:
7707:
7701:
7700:
7698:
7696:
7685:
7679:
7678:
7676:
7674:
7663:
7657:
7656:
7654:
7652:
7641:
7635:
7634:
7632:
7630:
7619:
7613:
7612:
7610:
7608:
7597:
7591:
7590:
7588:
7586:
7575:
7569:
7568:
7566:
7564:
7549:
7543:
7536:
7530:
7529:
7527:
7525:
7514:
7508:
7507:
7505:
7503:
7492:
7477:
7476:
7470:
7462:
7446:
7436:
7430:
7429:
7409:
7389:
7369:
7363:
7352:
7346:
7345:
7333:
7327:
7324:
7318:
7312:
7306:
7303:
7297:
7296:
7288:
7282:
7279:
7268:
7265:
7259:
7256:
7250:
7249:
7241:
7235:
7234:
7220:
7214:
7211:
7205:
7202:
7196:
7195:
7193:
7191:
7174:
7168:
7167:
7166:on 23 July 2019.
7162:. Archived from
7145:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7134:
7114:
7108:
7107:
7105:
7103:
7086:
7080:
7079:
7077:
7075:
7060:
7043:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7024:
7023:
7020:
7019:
7016:
7013:
7010:
7007:
7002:
7001:
6998:
6995:
6992:
6989:
6986:
6983:
6978:
6977:
6974:
6971:
6968:
6965:
6962:
6959:
6956:
6949:
6938:
6932:
6931:
6928:
6927:
6924:
6921:
6918:
6915:
6912:
6909:
6906:
6899:
6888:
6884:
6878:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6870:
6867:
6864:
6861:
6858:
6855:
6852:
6847:
6846:
6843:
6840:
6837:
6834:
6831:
6828:
6819:
6752:
6747:
6746:
6745:
6738:
6733:
6732:
6731:
6724:
6719:
6718:
6717:
6710:
6705:
6704:
6703:
6673:
6653:
6633:
6609:
6590:
6575:
6563:
6551:
6536:
6519:Coat of arms of
6516:
6501:
6485:
6474:Austrian Silesia
6472:Coat of arms of
6469:
6457:
6443:
6429:
6413:
6382:
6368:
6354:
6340:
6330:Jastrzębie-Zdrój
6326:
6312:
6298:
6284:
6270:
6256:
6242:
6228:
6214:
6200:
6186:
6172:
6158:
6144:
6130:
6116:
6097:
6090:
6089:
6050:
6043:
6042:
6003:
5996:
5995:
5956:
5949:
5948:
5909:
5902:
5901:
5862:
5855:
5854:
5815:
5808:
5807:
5768:
5761:
5760:
5721:
5714:
5713:
5674:
5667:
5666:
5627:
5620:
5619:
5580:
5573:
5572:
5533:
5526:
5525:
5486:
5479:
5478:
5439:
5432:
5431:
5392:
5385:
5384:
5347:
5343:
5336:
5335:
5295:
5288:
5287:
5250:
5246:
5245:
5237:
5236:
5196:
5189:
5188:
5149:
5142:
5141:
5102:
5095:
5094:
5055:
5048:
5047:
5008:
5001:
5000:
4961:
4954:
4953:
4914:
4907:
4906:
4867:
4860:
4859:
4820:
4813:
4812:
4773:
4766:
4765:
4726:
4719:
4718:
4679:
4672:
4671:
4655:Wodzisław Śląski
4632:
4625:
4624:
4585:
4578:
4577:
4538:
4531:
4530:
4491:
4484:
4483:
4444:
4437:
4436:
4396:
4389:
4388:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4332:
4331:
4291:
4284:
4283:
4267:Kędzierzyn-Koźle
4244:
4237:
4236:
4197:
4190:
4189:
4150:
4143:
4142:
4103:
4096:
4095:
4056:
4049:
4048:
4009:
4002:
4001:
3962:
3955:
3954:
3915:
3908:
3907:
3868:
3861:
3860:
3821:
3814:
3813:
3797:Jastrzębie-Zdrój
3774:
3767:
3766:
3727:
3720:
3719:
3680:
3673:
3672:
3633:
3626:
3625:
3584:
3577:
3576:
3537:
3530:
3529:
3490:
3483:
3482:
3441:
3434:
3433:
3394:
3387:
3386:
3347:
3340:
3339:
3297:
3290:
3289:
3249:
3242:
3241:
3198:
3191:
3190:
3143:
3136:
3135:
3091:
3084:
3083:
3026:
3025:
3019:Cities and towns
2923:(overwhelmingly
2425:
2424:
2170:
2166:Prussian Silesia
2162:
1988:Bituminous coal
1974:
1968:
1873:Jeseník District
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1779:Silesian Beskids
1705:
1699:
1650:Oder-Neisse line
1632:
1576:
1568:
1537:, which started
1535:attack on Poland
1526:architecture in
1524:Silesian baroque
1501:Austrian Silesia
1409:
1316:conducted their
1303:Book of Henryków
1145:, and east from
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
987:Christianization
981:) and mountain (
932:
919:
906:
904:[ɕlonsk]
885:
872:
871:
870:
864:
852:
846:
845:
844:
838:
836:[ɕlɔ̃sk]
773:Oder–Neisse line
765:communist regime
666:Duchy of Silesia
605:River, with the
574:in the west and
531:
376:
375:
373:
372:
371:
366:
362:
359:
358:
357:
354:
338:
321:
314:Prussian Silesia
311:
304:Austrian Silesia
301:
296:
279:
267:
225:Wrocław Old Town
203:
196:
185:
178:
167:
160:
135:
127:
121:
113:
107:
99:
93:
85:
79:
71:
60:
59:
21:
9820:
9819:
9815:
9814:
9813:
9811:
9810:
9809:
9770:
9769:
9768:
9763:
9741:
9723:
9679:
9647:
9618:
9590:
9559:
9528:
9492:
9381:
9354:
9301:
9282:
9266:
9256:Ostrava-Karviná
9219:
9189:
9174:
9161:
9127:
9094:
9060:
9056:Eastern Silesia
8957:
8942:
8925:
8882:
8819:
8784:
8734:
8698:
8674:Silesian Upland
8603:
8586:
8511:
8498:
8492:
8438:Wayback Machine
8430:
8400:
8398:
8396:
8381:
8367:
8365:
8363:
8348:
8334:
8332:
8330:
8315:
8301:
8299:
8297:
8282:
8271:
8242:
8240:
8238:
8223:
8205:"Silesia"
8195:
8190:
8189:
8184:
8180:
8176:Penguin, p.223.
8171:
8167:
8158:
8154:
8150:Berghahn, p.70.
8145:
8141:
8132:
8128:
8123:
8119:
8114:
8110:
8105:
8101:
8092:
8088:
8082:
8078:
8069:
8065:
8061:Routledge, P126
8056:
8052:
8046:
8042:
8036:
8032:
8022:
8020:
8011:
8010:
8006:
8001:
7997:
7988:
7984:
7975:
7971:
7966:
7962:
7957:
7953:
7946:
7932:
7928:
7915:
7911:
7903:
7888:
7882:
7878:
7865:
7861:
7850:
7846:
7834:
7830:
7816:
7809:
7800:
7796:
7785:
7781:
7764:
7760:
7750:
7748:
7743:
7742:
7738:
7725:
7721:
7708:
7704:
7694:
7692:
7691:. Umwo.opole.pl
7687:
7686:
7682:
7672:
7670:
7665:
7664:
7660:
7650:
7648:
7643:
7642:
7638:
7628:
7626:
7621:
7620:
7616:
7606:
7604:
7599:
7598:
7594:
7584:
7582:
7577:
7576:
7572:
7562:
7560:
7551:
7550:
7546:
7537:
7533:
7523:
7521:
7516:
7515:
7511:
7501:
7499:
7494:
7493:
7480:
7464:
7463:
7459:
7437:
7433:
7426:
7406:
7386:
7370:
7366:
7353:
7349:
7334:
7330:
7325:
7321:
7313:
7309:
7304:
7300:
7289:
7285:
7280:
7271:
7266:
7262:
7257:
7253:
7242:
7238:
7221:
7217:
7212:
7208:
7203:
7199:
7189:
7187:
7176:
7175:
7171:
7147:
7146:
7142:
7132:
7130:
7116:
7115:
7111:
7101:
7099:
7087:
7083:
7073:
7071:
7062:
7061:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7046:
7036:
7032:
7028:
7004:
6980:
6953:
6944:
6943:
6936:
6903:
6894:
6893:
6886:
6882:
6849:
6825:
6821:
6820:
6816:
6811:
6778:Silesian German
6748:
6743:
6741:
6734:
6729:
6727:
6720:
6715:
6713:
6706:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6689:
6688:
6674:
6665:
6664:
6662:Tarnowskie Góry
6654:
6645:
6644:
6638:Centennial Hall
6634:
6625:
6624:
6610:
6601:
6594:
6591:
6582:
6576:
6567:
6564:
6555:
6552:
6543:
6537:
6523:
6517:
6508:
6502:
6493:
6486:
6477:
6470:
6461:
6458:
6449:
6444:
6435:
6430:
6421:
6414:
6405:
6395:
6388:
6383:
6374:
6369:
6360:
6355:
6346:
6341:
6332:
6327:
6318:
6313:
6304:
6299:
6290:
6285:
6276:
6271:
6262:
6257:
6248:
6243:
6234:
6229:
6220:
6215:
6206:
6201:
6192:
6187:
6178:
6173:
6164:
6159:
6150:
6145:
6136:
6131:
6122:
6117:
6084:
6037:
5990:
5943:
5896:
5849:
5802:
5755:
5708:
5661:
5614:
5567:
5520:
5473:
5426:
5379:
5330:
5282:
5240:
5231:
5183:
5136:
5089:
5042:
4995:
4948:
4901:
4854:
4807:
4760:
4713:
4666:
4619:
4572:
4525:
4478:
4431:
4383:
4335:
4326:
4278:
4231:
4220:Piekary Śląskie
4184:
4173:Tarnowskie Góry
4137:
4090:
4043:
3996:
3949:
3902:
3855:
3808:
3761:
3714:
3667:
3620:
3571:
3524:
3477:
3428:
3381:
3334:
3284:
3236:
3185:
3130:
3078:
3045:Administrative
3021:
2969:Udo von Woyrsch
2961:
2953:Aaron Karfunkel
2929:Roman Catholics
2905:
2897:Cieszyn Silesia
2101:
2071:
1885:
1735:
1400:. The Duchy of
1353:of some of the
1226:Duchy of Kraków
1208:and in 1109 at
1192:. In 1000, the
1174:Greater Moravia
1167:Poland its name
1165:tribe who gave
1070:
1064:
1040:[ɕlɔŋk]
1031:[ɕlɛŋk]
1022:[ɕlɛ̃ʂ]
866:
865:
848:
840:
839:
812:
658:Greater Moravia
525:
428:
402:
369:
367:
363:
360:
355:
352:
350:
348:
347:
341:
329:
327:
319:
317:
309:
307:
299:
287:
286:
285:
284:
273:
272:
255:
254:
209:
208:
207:
206:
205:
204:
197:
188:
187:
186:
179:
170:
169:
168:
161:
145:
136:
129:
122:
115:
108:
101:
94:
87:
80:
73:
65:
58:
53:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9818:
9808:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9765:
9764:
9762:
9761:
9750:
9747:
9746:
9743:
9742:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9724:
9722:
9721:
9716:
9715:
9714:
9704:
9697:
9691:
9689:
9685:
9684:
9681:
9680:
9678:
9677:
9670:
9663:
9655:
9653:
9649:
9648:
9646:
9645:
9640:
9634:
9628:
9624:
9623:
9620:
9619:
9617:
9616:
9611:
9606:
9601:
9596:
9595:
9594:
9581:
9575:
9569:
9565:
9564:
9561:
9560:
9558:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9536:
9534:
9530:
9529:
9527:
9526:
9521:
9516:
9511:
9506:
9500:
9498:
9494:
9493:
9491:
9490:
9483:
9476:
9469:
9462:
9455:
9448:
9441:
9434:
9427:
9422:
9415:
9408:
9401:
9394:
9387:
9377:
9370:
9364:
9362:
9356:
9355:
9353:
9352:
9347:
9342:
9337:
9332:
9331:
9330:
9317:
9311:
9303:
9302:
9292:
9291:
9288:
9287:
9284:
9283:
9281:
9280:
9274:
9272:
9268:
9267:
9265:
9264:
9263:
9262:
9253:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9227:
9225:
9221:
9220:
9218:
9217:
9212:
9210:Metropolis GZM
9207:
9201:
9199:
9198:Socioeconomics
9191:
9190:
9180:
9179:
9176:
9175:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9162:
9160:
9159:
9154:
9148:
9146:
9144:constituencies
9137:
9136:
9133:
9132:
9129:
9128:
9126:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9108:Lower Silesian
9104:
9102:
9096:
9095:
9093:
9092:
9083:
9078:
9072:
9066:
9062:
9061:
9059:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9037:
9036:
9031:
9021:
9016:
9015:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8994:
8993:
8992:
8987:
8976:
8974:
8967:
8959:
8958:
8948:
8947:
8944:
8943:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8930:
8927:
8926:
8924:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8892:
8890:
8884:
8883:
8881:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8829:
8827:
8821:
8820:
8818:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8801:
8799:
8790:
8786:
8785:
8783:
8782:
8781:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8760:
8759:
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8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8706:
8704:
8700:
8699:
8697:
8696:
8691:
8689:Wał Trzebnicki
8686:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8654:Silesian Walls
8651:
8646:
8644:Oświęcim Basin
8641:
8639:Ostrava Valley
8636:
8631:
8626:
8624:Kłodzko Valley
8621:
8615:
8613:
8605:
8604:
8592:
8591:
8588:
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8476:
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8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8429:
8428:External links
8426:
8425:
8424:
8407:
8394:
8374:
8361:
8341:
8328:
8308:
8295:
8275:
8269:
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8236:
8216:
8202:, ed. (1911).
8200:Chisholm, Hugh
8194:
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8188:
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7702:
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7658:
7636:
7614:
7592:
7570:
7544:
7541:(Google books)
7531:
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7478:
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6736:Germany portal
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6139:
6137:
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6123:
6118:
6111:
6103:
6102:
6101:Upper Silesia
6099:
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6082:
6079:
6076:
6069:
6060:
6056:
6055:
6054:Czech Silesia
6052:
6044:
6035:
6032:
6029:
6022:
6013:
6009:
6008:
6007:Lower Silesia
6005:
5997:
5988:
5985:
5982:
5975:
5966:
5962:
5961:
5960:Lower Silesia
5958:
5950:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5928:
5919:
5915:
5914:
5913:Lower Silesia
5911:
5903:
5894:
5891:
5888:
5881:
5872:
5868:
5867:
5866:Upper Silesia
5864:
5856:
5847:
5844:
5841:
5834:
5825:
5821:
5820:
5819:Lower Silesia
5817:
5809:
5800:
5797:
5794:
5787:
5778:
5774:
5773:
5772:Upper Silesia
5770:
5762:
5753:
5750:
5747:
5740:
5731:
5727:
5726:
5725:Lower Silesia
5723:
5715:
5706:
5703:
5700:
5693:
5684:
5680:
5679:
5678:Lower Silesia
5676:
5668:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5646:
5637:
5633:
5632:
5631:Czech Silesia
5629:
5621:
5612:
5609:
5606:
5599:
5590:
5586:
5585:
5584:Upper Silesia
5582:
5574:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5552:
5543:
5539:
5538:
5537:Czech Silesia
5535:
5527:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5505:
5496:
5492:
5491:
5490:Lower Silesia
5488:
5480:
5471:
5468:
5465:
5458:
5449:
5445:
5444:
5443:Czech Silesia
5441:
5433:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5411:
5402:
5398:
5397:
5396:Lower Silesia
5394:
5386:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5364:
5355:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5337:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5314:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5299:Lower Silesia
5297:
5289:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5267:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5248:
5238:
5229:
5226:
5223:
5215:
5206:
5202:
5201:
5200:Lower Silesia
5198:
5190:
5181:
5178:
5175:
5168:
5159:
5155:
5154:
5153:Upper Silesia
5151:
5143:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5121:
5112:
5108:
5107:
5106:Lower Silesia
5104:
5096:
5087:
5084:
5081:
5074:
5065:
5061:
5060:
5059:Czech Silesia
5057:
5049:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5027:
5018:
5014:
5013:
5012:Upper Silesia
5010:
5002:
4993:
4990:
4987:
4980:
4971:
4967:
4966:
4965:Lower Silesia
4963:
4955:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4933:
4924:
4920:
4919:
4918:Upper Silesia
4916:
4908:
4899:
4896:
4893:
4886:
4877:
4873:
4872:
4871:Lower Silesia
4869:
4861:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4839:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4824:Lower Silesia
4822:
4814:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4792:
4783:
4779:
4778:
4777:Upper Silesia
4775:
4767:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4745:
4736:
4732:
4731:
4730:Lower Silesia
4728:
4720:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4698:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4683:Upper Silesia
4681:
4673:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4651:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4636:Czech Silesia
4634:
4626:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4604:
4595:
4591:
4590:
4589:Upper Silesia
4587:
4579:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4557:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4542:Upper Silesia
4540:
4532:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4514:Świętochłowice
4510:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4495:Lower Silesia
4493:
4485:
4476:
4473:
4470:
4463:
4454:
4450:
4449:
4446:
4438:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4415:
4406:
4402:
4401:
4400:Czech Silesia
4398:
4390:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4368:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4345:
4333:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4310:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4295:Upper Silesia
4293:
4285:
4276:
4273:
4270:
4263:
4254:
4250:
4249:
4248:Upper Silesia
4246:
4238:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4216:
4207:
4203:
4202:
4201:Upper Silesia
4199:
4191:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4169:
4160:
4156:
4155:
4154:Upper Silesia
4152:
4144:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4122:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4107:Lower Silesia
4105:
4097:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4075:
4066:
4062:
4061:
4060:Upper Silesia
4058:
4050:
4041:
4038:
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4028:
4019:
4015:
4014:
4013:Czech Silesia
4011:
4003:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3981:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3966:Lower Silesia
3964:
3956:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3934:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3919:Upper Silesia
3917:
3909:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3887:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3872:Lower Silesia
3870:
3862:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3840:
3831:
3827:
3826:
3825:Upper Silesia
3823:
3815:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3793:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3778:Lower Silesia
3776:
3768:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3746:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3731:Lower Silesia
3729:
3721:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3699:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3684:Upper Silesia
3682:
3674:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3652:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3637:Upper Silesia
3635:
3627:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3605:
3596:
3592:
3591:
3590:Upper Silesia
3588:
3578:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3556:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3541:Upper Silesia
3539:
3531:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3509:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3494:Upper Silesia
3492:
3484:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3462:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3447:Lower Silesia
3445:
3435:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3413:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3398:Upper Silesia
3396:
3388:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3366:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3351:Upper Silesia
3349:
3341:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3319:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3301:Upper Silesia/
3299:
3291:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3268:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3253:Upper Silesia
3251:
3243:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3221:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3192:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3170:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3147:
3137:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3114:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3085:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3063:
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3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3020:
3017:
2960:
2957:
2937:Kłodzko County
2904:
2901:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2875:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2819:
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2261:
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2255:
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2247:
2244:
2239:
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2230:
2229:
2224:
2221:
2216:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2190:
2185:
2182:
2177:
2174:
2100:
2097:
2070:
2067:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1884:
1881:
1877:Olomouc Region
1734:
1731:
1706:) west of the
1692:Olomouc Region
1593:. In Silesia,
1428:Cecylia Renata
1394:Duchy of Zator
1359:Bohemian Crown
1355:Upper Silesian
1330:Legnickie Pole
1228:around Bytom,
1222:Silesian dukes
1163:Western Polans
1074:Kłodzko Valley
1066:Main article:
1063:
1060:
888:Lower Silesian
811:
808:
737:Czechoslovakia
721:Entente Powers
564:Czech Republic
543:
542:
532:
522:
521:
511:
505:
504:
503:€18,000 (2022)
501:
497:
496:
493:
489:
488:
484:
483:
478:
472:
471:
468:
464:
463:
460:
456:
455:
451:
450:
447:
443:
442:
438:
437:
418:
414:
413:
408:
404:
403:
401:
400:
395:
393:Czech Republic
390:
384:
382:
378:
377:
343:
342:
339:
331:
330:
318:
308:
298:
297:
289:
288:
280:
274:
268:
262:
261:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
247:
242:
233:
227:
222:
211:
210:
198:
191:
190:
189:
180:
173:
172:
171:
162:
155:
154:
153:
152:
151:
150:
147:
146:
141:
138:
137:
132:Lower Silesian
66:
63:
56:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9817:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9777:
9775:
9760:
9752:
9751:
9748:
9739:
9734:
9720:
9717:
9713:
9710:
9709:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9702:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9692:
9690:
9686:
9676:
9675:
9674:Slezská hymna
9671:
9669:
9668:
9667:Schlesierlied
9664:
9662:
9661:
9657:
9656:
9654:
9650:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9638:Coats of arms
9636:
9635:
9632:
9629:
9625:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9599:Lach dialects
9597:
9593:
9587:
9586:
9585:
9582:
9580:
9577:
9576:
9573:
9570:
9566:
9556:
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9522:
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9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
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9499:
9495:
9489:
9488:
9484:
9482:
9481:
9477:
9475:
9474:
9470:
9468:
9467:
9463:
9461:
9460:
9459:Modrŏ kapusta
9456:
9454:
9453:
9449:
9447:
9446:
9442:
9440:
9439:
9435:
9433:
9432:
9428:
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9423:
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9414:
9413:
9409:
9407:
9406:
9402:
9400:
9399:
9395:
9393:
9392:
9388:
9386:
9384:
9383:(ciapkapusta)
9378:
9376:
9375:
9371:
9369:
9368:Black noodles
9366:
9365:
9363:
9361:
9357:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9343:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9329:
9328:
9324:
9323:
9322:
9319:
9318:
9315:
9312:
9308:
9304:
9297:
9293:
9279:
9276:
9275:
9273:
9269:
9261:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9248:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9228:
9226:
9222:
9216:
9213:
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9208:
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9200:
9196:
9192:
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9158:
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9138:
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9067:
9063:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9035:
9034:Lower Silesia
9032:
9030:
9029:Upper Silesia
9027:
9026:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9019:State country
9017:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
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8995:
8991:
8988:
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8953:
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8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8893:
8891:
8889:
8885:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8830:
8828:
8826:
8822:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8805:Divoká Orlice
8803:
8802:
8800:
8798:
8794:
8791:
8787:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8765:
8764:
8761:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8748:
8747:
8744:
8743:
8741:
8737:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8707:
8705:
8701:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8616:
8614:
8610:
8606:
8602:
8597:
8593:
8583:
8582:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8565:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
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8543:
8539:
8535:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8517:
8514:
8510:
8505:
8501:
8496:
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8484:
8482:
8477:
8475:
8470:
8469:
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8460:
8457:
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8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8439:
8435:
8432:
8431:
8421:
8417:
8413:
8408:
8397:
8391:
8387:
8380:
8375:
8364:
8358:
8354:
8347:
8342:
8331:
8325:
8321:
8314:
8309:
8298:
8292:
8288:
8281:
8276:
8272:
8270:83-85831-03-7
8266:
8262:
8258:
8254:
8250:
8239:
8233:
8229:
8222:
8217:
8213:
8212:
8206:
8201:
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8182:
8175:
8169:
8162:
8156:
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8143:
8136:
8130:
8121:
8112:
8103:
8096:
8090:
8080:
8073:
8067:
8060:
8054:
8044:
8034:
8018:
8014:
8008:
7999:
7992:
7986:
7979:
7973:
7964:
7955:
7947:
7941:
7937:
7930:
7922:
7921:
7913:
7902:
7898:
7894:
7887:
7880:
7872:
7871:
7863:
7855:
7848:
7840:
7832:
7824:
7823:
7814:
7812:
7804:
7798:
7790:
7783:
7775:
7771:
7770:
7762:
7746:
7740:
7732:
7731:
7723:
7715:
7714:
7706:
7690:
7684:
7668:
7662:
7646:
7640:
7624:
7618:
7602:
7596:
7580:
7574:
7558:
7554:
7548:
7542:
7535:
7519:
7513:
7497:
7491:
7489:
7487:
7485:
7483:
7474:
7468:
7460:
7454:
7450:
7445:
7444:
7435:
7427:
7425:9780880331746
7421:
7417:
7416:
7407:
7405:9780674926851
7401:
7397:
7396:
7387:
7385:9781847790323
7381:
7377:
7376:
7368:
7361:
7360:83-7322-287-1
7357:
7351:
7343:
7339:
7332:
7323:
7316:
7311:
7302:
7294:
7287:
7278:
7276:
7274:
7264:
7255:
7247:
7240:
7233:
7228:
7227:
7219:
7210:
7201:
7185:
7184:
7179:
7173:
7165:
7161:
7157:
7155:
7150:
7144:
7129:
7128:HarperCollins
7125:
7124:
7119:
7113:
7097:
7096:
7091:
7085:
7069:
7065:
7059:
7055:
7041:
7040:
7022:
6947:
6941:
6940:
6930:
6897:
6891:
6890:
6876:
6818:
6814:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6755:
6751:
6740:
6737:
6726:
6723:
6712:
6709:
6708:Poland portal
6698:
6687:
6683:
6679:
6672:
6667:
6663:
6659:
6652:
6647:
6643:
6639:
6632:
6627:
6623:
6619:
6615:
6608:
6603:
6602:
6589:
6584:
6580:
6574:
6569:
6562:
6557:
6550:
6545:
6541:
6535:
6530:
6529:
6528:
6522:
6521:Czech Silesia
6515:
6510:
6507:
6500:
6495:
6491:
6484:
6479:
6475:
6468:
6463:
6456:
6451:
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6325:
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6311:
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6297:
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6283:
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6264:
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6233:
6227:
6222:
6219:
6213:
6208:
6205:
6199:
6194:
6191:
6185:
6180:
6177:
6176:Bielsko-Biała
6171:
6166:
6163:
6157:
6152:
6149:
6143:
6138:
6135:
6129:
6124:
6121:
6115:
6110:
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6100:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6083:
6080:
6077:
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6030:
6028:
6027:
6023:
6018:
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5998:
5994:
5989:
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5980:
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5900:
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5892:
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5877:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5848:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5838:Łaziska Górne
5835:
5830:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5806:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5793:
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5779:
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5771:
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4709:
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4682:
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4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4419:Frýdek-Místek
4416:
4411:
4407:
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4399:
4395:
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4387:
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4379:
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4299:
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4264:
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4196:
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4110:
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4098:
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4076:
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4059:
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4024:
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4017:
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4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3948:
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3940:
3939:
3935:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3898:
3895:
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3892:
3888:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3875:
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3867:
3863:
3859:
3854:
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3846:
3845:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3303:Lesser Poland
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:Bielsko-Biała
3269:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3205:Upper Silesia
3203:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3150:Czech Silesia
3148:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3098:Lower Silesia
3096:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2993:Herbert Hupka
2990:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2914:
2909:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2416:Upper Silesia
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2173:Ethnic group
2172:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2158:Upper Silesia
2154:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2121:Late Medieval
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2094:
2093:Silesian Wars
2090:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1977:Mineral Name
1976:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1903:Łaziska Górne
1900:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1835:
1834:Lesser Poland
1831:
1827:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1744:
1743:Martin Helwig
1739:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1623:forced labour
1620:
1619:Stalag VIII-C
1616:
1615:Stalag VIII-B
1612:
1611:Stalag VIII-A
1608:
1604:
1600:
1597:operated the
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1559:forced labour
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1505:Silesian Wars
1502:
1499:. Meanwhile,
1498:
1497:Upper Silesia
1494:
1493:Lower Silesia
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1469:Upper Silesia
1465:
1462:
1461:German Empire
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1424:House of Vasa
1421:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1392:in 1457; the
1391:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1345:Wenceslaus II
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1312:In 1241, the
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1295:Lwówek Śląski
1292:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1212:. During the
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:Piast dynasty
1183:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1135:Silesia Walls
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
927:
923:
922:Upper Sorbian
918:
914:
910:
909:Lower Sorbian
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
884:
880:
876:
869:
863:
859:
855:
851:
843:
837:
833:
829:
821:
816:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:Lower Silesia
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
713:
711:
707:
703:
702:Silesian Wars
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
674:Piast dynasty
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
646:nation-states
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
576:Upper Silesia
573:
572:Lower Silesia
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
540:
536:
533:
529:
523:
519:
515:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
485:
482:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
448:
444:
439:
435:
434:Upper Silesia
431:
426:
425:Lower Silesia
422:
419:
415:
412:
409:
405:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
385:
383:
379:
374:
365:51.6°N 17.2°E
346:Coordinates:
344:
337:
332:
325:
315:
305:
295:
290:
283:
278:
271:
266:
258:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
237:
234:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
217:
213:
212:
202:
195:
184:
177:
166:
159:
148:
144:
139:
133:
126:
119:
112:
105:
98:
91:
84:
77:
70:
61:
55:
51:
47:
40:
33:
19:
9699:
9695:Demographics
9688:Other topics
9672:
9665:
9658:
9485:
9478:
9471:
9466:Siymiyniotka
9464:
9457:
9450:
9443:
9437:
9429:
9417:
9410:
9403:
9396:
9389:
9382:
9372:
9325:
9321:Architecture
9258: /
9100:Voivodeships
9088: /
8966:Subdivisions
8868:Nysa Kłodzka
8579:
8562:
8494:
8411:
8399:. Retrieved
8385:
8366:. Retrieved
8352:
8333:. Retrieved
8319:
8300:. Retrieved
8286:
8256:
8241:. Retrieved
8227:
8209:
8181:
8173:
8168:
8160:
8155:
8147:
8142:
8134:
8129:
8120:
8111:
8102:
8094:
8089:
8079:
8071:
8066:
8058:
8053:
8043:
8033:
8021:. Retrieved
8016:
8007:
7998:
7990:
7985:
7977:
7972:
7963:
7954:
7935:
7929:
7919:
7912:
7901:the original
7896:
7892:
7879:
7869:
7862:
7853:
7847:
7837:
7831:
7820:
7802:
7797:
7788:
7782:
7773:
7768:
7761:
7749:. Retrieved
7747:. Sbc.org.pl
7739:
7729:
7722:
7712:
7705:
7693:. Retrieved
7683:
7671:. Retrieved
7661:
7649:. Retrieved
7639:
7627:. Retrieved
7617:
7605:. Retrieved
7595:
7583:. Retrieved
7573:
7561:. Retrieved
7557:the original
7547:
7534:
7522:. Retrieved
7512:
7500:. Retrieved
7442:
7434:
7414:
7394:
7374:
7367:
7350:
7337:
7331:
7322:
7315:gonschior.de
7310:
7301:
7292:
7286:
7263:
7254:
7245:
7239:
7230:
7224:
7218:
7209:
7200:
7188:. Retrieved
7181:
7172:
7164:the original
7152:
7143:
7131:. Retrieved
7121:
7112:
7100:. Retrieved
7093:
7084:
7074:18 September
7072:. Retrieved
7058:
7031:-zhee-ə, sy-
6817:
6526:
6396:
6218:Zielona Góra
6106:
6071:
6024:
5977:
5930:
5883:
5836:
5789:
5742:
5695:
5648:
5601:
5554:
5507:
5460:
5413:
5366:
5316:
5269:
5217:
5170:
5123:
5076:
5029:
4982:
4935:
4888:
4841:
4794:
4747:
4700:
4653:
4606:
4559:
4512:
4465:
4417:
4370:
4312:
4265:
4218:
4171:
4124:
4077:
4030:
3983:
3936:
3889:
3844:Jelenia Góra
3842:
3795:
3748:
3701:
3654:
3607:
3558:
3511:
3464:
3417:Zielona Góra
3415:
3368:
3321:
3270:
3223:
3172:
3116:
3065:
3022:
3009:Soviet Union
2997:
2981:
2962:
2945:
2933:Glatzer Land
2918:
2890:
2879:
2878:
2871:
2870:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2854:
2847:
2846:
2839:
2838:
2831:
2830:
2823:
2822:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2806:
2799:
2798:
2791:
2790:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2774:
2767:
2766:
2759:
2758:
2751:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2724:
2723:
2716:
2715:
2708:
2707:
2700:
2699:
2692:
2691:
2684:
2683:
2676:
2675:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2651:
2644:
2643:
2636:
2635:
2628:
2627:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2583:
2582:
2575:
2574:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2558:
2551:
2550:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2534:
2527:
2526:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2494:
2487:
2486:
2413:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2369:
2361:
2353:
2345:
2330:
2322:
2315:
2303:
2295:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2257:
2249:
2241:
2233:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2195:
2187:
2179:
2155:
2136:
2102:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2069:Demographics
2052:
2048:
1970:
1961:
1957:Srebrna Góra
1918:
1907:
1886:
1862:
1823:
1805:
1791:
1771:Nysa Kłodzka
1748:
1716:
1669:
1643:
1595:Nazi Germany
1539:World War II
1532:
1479:organized a
1466:
1446:
1386:Polish kings
1383:
1348:
1342:
1311:
1299:Środa Śląska
1284:
1242:
1190:Polish state
1171:
1114:
1104:
1084:near modern
1071:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1008:
992:
991:
954:
825:
819:
781:
777:East Germany
767:. The small
749:World War II
745:Nazi Germany
741:World War II
731:, while the
714:
642:noble houses
639:
600:
580:architecture
547:
546:
462:c. 8,000,000
407:Largest city
282:Coat of arms
245:Zielona Góra
216:Książ Castle
54:
9380:Panczkraut
9046:New Silesia
9041:Sudetenland
9007:politicians
7751:20 November
7695:20 November
7673:20 November
7651:20 November
7629:20 November
7607:20 November
7585:20 November
7563:20 November
7524:20 November
7502:19 November
7317:(in German)
6758:257 Silesia
6678:Muskau Park
6476:(1742–1918)
6246:Ruda Śląska
5697:Świebodzice
5509:Český Těšín
5271:Dzierżoniów
5219:Hoyerswerda
4796:Bolesławiec
3513:Ruda Śląska
3036:Population
2991:politician
2921:Protestants
2124:Ostsiedlung
2091:during the
1991:95,000,000
1857:Górny Śląsk
1751:Oder (Odra)
1591:Sudetenland
1416:Ferdinand I
1279:Lubusz Land
1111:, 1102-1138
1082:Mount Ślęża
1007:, the name
983:Mount Ślęża
763:-installed
717:World War I
550:(see names
417:Former seat
368: /
9774:Categories
9425:Kopalnioki
9412:Karminadle
9002:parliament
8863:Mała Panew
8746:Carpathian
8520:Offensives
8023:6 December
7050:References
7035:-shə, sil-
6686:Bad Muskau
5885:Świebodzin
2601:1,158,805
2595:1,048,230
2377:Population
2223:1,303,300
2215:1,550,000
2207:1,561,570
1983:Reference
1953:Złoty Stok
1662:created a
1629:Polenlager
1601:, several
1565:Lebensraum
1551:expulsions
1509:Trans-Olza
1481:plebiscite
1123:West Slavs
957:; French:
696:as formal
680:under the
454:Population
370:51.6; 17.2
9719:Silesians
9568:Languages
9480:Wodziōnka
9405:Hauskyjza
8916:Pszczynka
8739:Mountains
8601:Geography
8525:Uprisings
8420:177389723
8263:: Śląsk.
8013:"Silesia"
7467:cite book
7178:"Silesia"
7149:"Silesia"
7118:"Silesia"
7090:"Silesia"
6885:-zhə, sy-
6488:Prussian
6372:Nowa Ruda
6302:Wałbrzych
6073:Rydułtowy
5979:Nowa Ruda
5791:Polkowice
5650:Kluczbork
5556:Lubliniec
5318:Zgorzelec
3891:Mysłowice
3703:Wałbrzych
2985:Ruhr area
2925:Lutherans
2619:1,560,000
2609:1,169,340
2323:Moravians
2151:Moravians
2128:Moravians
2109:Silesians
2099:Ethnicity
1949:Złotoryja
1937:Polkowice
1804:(earlier
1733:Geography
1639:Auschwitz
1363:Jagiellon
1338:Orda Khan
1291:Złotoryja
1182:Mieszko I
1155:Vistulans
1005:Polonists
943:Kashubian
913:Šlazyńska
892:Schläsing
858:Schlesien
850:‹See Tfd›
818:Silesia (
810:Etymology
712:in 1742.
690:Jagiellon
509:Time zone
220:Wałbrzych
125:Schläsing
111:Schlesien
18:Schlesien
9759:Category
9609:Moravian
9604:Silesian
9497:Religion
9438:Krupniok
9224:Industry
9157:Silesian
9123:Silesian
9012:treasury
8956:Politics
8911:Przemsza
8906:Gostynia
8858:Liswarta
8848:Kłodnica
8401:18 March
8368:18 March
8335:18 March
8302:18 March
8261:Katowice
8255:(1993).
8243:18 March
7068:Archived
6694:See also
6618:Świdnica
6148:Katowice
4937:Oleśnica
4843:Nowa Sól
4561:Racibórz
4467:Świdnica
3174:Katowice
3042:Country
2903:Religion
2877:117,651
2869:135,519
2742:757,200
2736:684,397
2730:566,523
2722:457,545
2714:409,218
2706:406,950
2698:366,562
2690:363,990
2682:364,175
2674:348,094
2666:330,099
2658:290,168
2650:266,399
2642:257,852
2634:162,600
2616:or up to
2589:918,728
2581:742,153
2573:665,865
2565:612,849
2557:590,248
2549:584,293
2541:568,582
2533:540,402
2525:525,395
2517:495,362
2509:468,691
2501:418,837
2493:377,100
2254:401,900
2246:600,000
2238:444,000
2028:Cadmium
2011:160,000
2001:571,000
1871:and the
1769:and the
1635:subcamps
1547:subhuman
1522:Typical
1371:fiefdoms
1367:Sobieski
1350:suzerain
1307:Henryków
1244:Walloons
1238:Siewierz
1234:Chrzanów
1230:Oświęcim
1198:Catholic
1147:Racibórz
1139:Silesian
1133:and the
1127:Lechites
1116:Germanic
1094:Strzelin
939:Sliezsko
896:Silesian
792:costumes
769:Lusatian
727:and the
698:Bohemian
694:Sobieski
627:Katowice
584:costumes
481:Silesian
240:Katowice
232:Old Town
90:Silesian
9780:Silesia
9627:Symbols
9445:Makōwki
9360:Cuisine
9327:Familŏk
9310:Culture
9300:Society
9278:Tourism
9271:Tourism
9188:Economy
9090:Görlitz
9065:Current
8980:Duchies
8901:Brynica
8888:Vistula
8843:Kaczawa
8778:Western
8773:Central
8768:Eastern
8763:Sudetes
8581:more...
8509:History
8495:Silesia
8436:at the
8193:Sources
8084:gassed.
7449:278–280
7190:23 July
7133:23 July
7102:23 July
6889:-shee-ə
6682:Łęknica
6642:Wrocław
6386:Bohumín
6316:Legnica
6288:Chorzów
6162:Gliwice
6134:Ostrava
6120:Wrocław
6026:Bohumín
5744:Orzesze
5368:Bielawa
5125:Cieszyn
4749:Mikołów
4608:Karviná
4350:Lusatia
4314:Görlitz
3985:Havířov
3750:Legnica
3708:102,490
3661:102,564
3656:Chorzów
3614:123,562
3565:126,623
3518:132,040
3471:132,266
3422:139,503
3375:150,594
3328:156,082
3278:167,509
3230:171,896
3225:Gliwice
3179:281,418
3154:Moravia
3124:283,504
3118:Ostrava
3072:673,923
3067:Wrocław
2949:Wrocław
2913:Kłodzko
2861:92,480
2853:41,611
2845:51,187
2837:49,037
2829:48,270
2821:49,445
2813:45,736
2805:42,292
2797:41,570
2789:12,679
2781:13,120
2773:13,254
2765:21,503
2752:(40.0%)
2749:884,045
2744:(37.2%)
2738:(36.6%)
2732:(35.9%)
2725:(36.8%)
2717:(36.3%)
2709:(38.1%)
2701:(36.5%)
2693:(36.5%)
2685:(37.2%)
2677:(37.4%)
2669:(36.8%)
2661:(36.3%)
2653:(35.6%)
2645:(36.1%)
2637:(29.0%)
2612:(53.0%)
2603:(57.0%)
2597:(56.1%)
2591:(58.2%)
2584:(59.8%)
2576:(59.1%)
2568:(57.3%)
2560:(58.7%)
2552:(58.6%)
2544:(58.1%)
2536:(58.1%)
2528:(58.6%)
2520:(62.1%)
2512:(62.6%)
2504:(62.0%)
2496:(67.2%)
2358:20,000
2350:16,916
2327:12,000
2312:32,600
2277:30,000
2269:24,500
2203:Germans
2113:Germans
2059:Szczyrk
2055:Karpacz
2041:70,000
2018:Silver
1998:Copper
1925:Legnica
1921:uranium
1914:lignite
1875:in the
1832:in the
1826:Brynica
1814:Görlitz
1802:Lusatia
1789:range.
1765:), the
1755:Vistula
1528:Wrocław
1513:Cieszyn
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1407:Crossen
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1334:Legnica
1324:at the
1314:Mongols
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1184:of the
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1151:Cieszyn
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967:Silezië
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879:Slezsko
710:Austria
706:Prussia
670:duchies
662:Bohemia
650:castles
635:Görlitz
631:Ostrava
615:Wrocław
596:Wrocław
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411:Wrocław
398:Germany
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353:51°36′N
97:Slezsko
64:Silesia
39:Cilicia
9614:Polish
9584:German
9473:Szałŏt
9452:Moczka
9431:Kreple
9419:Kołŏcz
9398:Galert
9391:Klōzki
8985:Piasts
8973:Former
8833:Barycz
8810:Jizera
8789:Rivers
8725:Nyskie
8538:Second
8497:topics
8418:
8392:
8359:
8326:
8293:
8267:
8234:
7942:
7455:
7422:
7402:
7382:
7358:
7154:Lexico
6939:-zee-ə
6788:Slezak
6232:Rybnik
6190:Zabrze
6078:20,436
6031:20,648
5984:20,831
5937:21,077
5890:21,112
5843:21,371
5796:21,585
5749:21,758
5702:22,002
5655:22,418
5608:22,848
5561:23,406
5514:23,487
5467:23,949
5420:27,966
5415:Orlová
5373:28,475
5324:29,371
5276:31,256
5247:Saxony
5225:31,326
5177:33,158
5130:33,486
5083:33,962
5036:34,306
5031:Třinec
4989:34,972
4942:35,503
4895:36,044
4890:Knurów
4848:36,479
4801:37,355
4754:41,383
4707:41,441
4660:45,316
4613:50,172
4566:50,419
4519:51,824
4472:53,797
4425:54,188
4377:55,512
4343:Saxony
4320:55,519
4272:55,623
4225:57,148
4178:61,413
4131:61,835
4084:63,240
4079:Głogów
4037:64,139
3990:68,245
3943:68,775
3896:71,849
3849:76,174
3802:83,477
3755:93,473
3466:Rybnik
3323:Zabrze
3000:Głogów
2927:) and
2880:(5.8%)
2872:(7.3%)
2864:(5.9%)
2856:(3.4%)
2848:(4.6%)
2840:(4.6%)
2832:(4.8%)
2824:(4.9%)
2816:(4.7%)
2808:(4.5%)
2800:(4.6%)
2792:(1.6%)
2784:(1.8%)
2776:(1.9%)
2768:(3.8%)
2629:German
2488:Polish
2366:8,900
2300:5,500
2296:Czechs
2147:Czechs
2117:Czechs
2115:, and
2089:Berlin
2021:1,200
1945:srebro
1935:, and
1929:Głogów
1806:Milsko
1773:. The
1767:Barycz
1712:Saxony
1708:Neisse
1682:, and
1607:Allied
1475:. The
1248:Poland
1236:, and
1210:Głogów
1159:Barycz
1076:, the
975:Slesia
935:Slovak
926:Šleska
900:Ślōnsk
854:German
828:Polish
800:Polish
761:Soviet
757:Allies
723:after
715:After
560:Poland
388:Poland
322:
320:
316:, 1871
312:
310:
306:, 1740
302:
300:
236:Spodek
128:
118:German
114:
100:
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83:Ślōnsk
76:Polish
72:
9643:Flags
9579:Czech
9533:Sport
9374:Bryja
9118:Opole
8990:dukes
8896:Biała
8878:Ślęza
8853:Kwisa
8703:Lakes
8612:Areas
8542:Third
8534:First
8382:(PDF)
8349:(PDF)
8316:(PDF)
8283:(PDF)
8224:(PDF)
7904:(PDF)
7889:(PDF)
7839:Litwę
7772:[
6948:also
6898:also
6809:Notes
6622:Jawor
6358:Brzeg
6344:Opava
6274:Tychy
6260:Opole
6204:Bytom
5932:Jawor
5603:Krnov
5462:Żagań
5172:Oława
5078:Brzeg
4372:Opava
3938:Lubin
3609:Tychy
3560:Opole
3370:Bytom
3039:Area
3033:Name
2935:(now
2760:Other
2481:1910
2478:1905
2475:1900
2472:1890
2469:1867
2466:1861
2463:1858
2460:1855
2457:1852
2454:1846
2451:1843
2448:1840
2445:1837
2442:1834
2439:1831
2436:1819
2433:Year
2420:Opole
2265:Sorbs
2234:Poles
2143:Sorbs
2132:Poles
2105:Poles
2063:Wisła
2038:Lead
2008:Zinc
1941:złoto
1933:Lubin
1865:Opole
1851:Śląsk
1839:Śląsk
1794:Kwisa
1763:Kwisa
1143:Bytom
1119:Lugii
1105:Śląsk
1090:Oława
1078:Celts
1045:Śląsk
1009:Ślęża
993:Ślęża
979:Ślęza
963:Dutch
951:Latin
947:Sląsk
875:Czech
832:Śląsk
820:Śląsk
708:from
619:Opole
552:below
535:UTC+2
514:UTC+1
430:Opole
326:River
250:Opava
230:Opole
104:Czech
69:Śląsk
8921:Rawa
8873:Olza
8838:Bóbr
8825:Oder
8797:Elbe
8530:Wars
8416:OCLC
8403:2018
8390:ISBN
8370:2018
8357:ISBN
8337:2018
8324:ISBN
8304:2018
8291:ISBN
8265:ISBN
8245:2018
8232:ISBN
8025:2017
7940:ISBN
7753:2013
7697:2013
7675:2013
7653:2013
7631:2013
7609:2013
7587:2013
7565:2013
7526:2013
7504:2013
7473:link
7453:ISBN
7420:ISBN
7400:ISBN
7380:ISBN
7356:ISBN
7192:2019
7135:2019
7104:2019
7076:2023
6684:and
6620:and
4702:Nysa
4126:Żory
3013:Lwów
2891:The
2346:Jews
2285:900
2258:23.0
2250:27.3
2242:21.5
2227:74.6
2219:70.5
2211:75.6
2031:500
1964:marl
1955:and
1798:Bóbr
1796:and
1781:and
1759:Bóbr
1727:2024
1725:and
1723:2010
1719:1997
1644:The
1605:for
1557:and
1495:and
1365:and
1297:and
1176:and
1149:and
1125:and
1092:and
1036:śląg
1027:ślęg
1018:Ślęż
692:and
603:Oder
566:and
539:CEST
441:Area
324:Oder
270:Flag
48:and
9487:Żur
8815:Úpa
7342:IPN
7033:LEE
7029:LEE
7027:sy-
6937:LEE
6935:sy-
6887:LEE
6883:LEE
6881:sy-
2407:100
2397:100
2387:100
2370:0.5
2362:0.9
2354:0.8
2331:0.6
2316:1.9
2304:0.3
2289:0.1
2281:1.4
2273:1.2
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1034:or
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528:DST
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