304:
1193:
348:
505:
538:
407:
1675:) show that large demographic changes took place between 1819 and 1910, with the region's total population quadrupling, the percent of German-speakers increasing significantly, and that of Polish-speakers declining considerably. Also the total land area in which Polish language was spoken, as well as the land area in which it was spoken by the majority, declined between 1790 and 1890. Polish authors before 1918 estimated the number of Poles in Prussian Upper Silesia as slightly higher than according to official German censuses.
324:
186:
6779:
5980:
6796:
6212:
1148:. Owing to the development of education, a rebirth of Polish culture took place in the second half of the 1800s in Silesia, which was connected with the emergence of a Polish national movement of a clearly Catholic character. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the fact that Silesians were part of the Polish nation was not questioned. The language and culture of the self-declared Polish Silesians were put under the pressure of the Prussian
100:
205:
6774:
146:
3907:
168:
336:
1371:, with some West Slavic influence likely caused by centuries of contact between Germans and Slavs in the region; the dialect is related to contemporary Saxon in some ways. The Silesian German dialect is often misleading referred to as Lower Silesian in the German language. The usage of this dialect appears to be decreasing, as most Silesian Germans prefer either
1301:. According to the last census in Poland (2011), some 509,000 people declared Silesian to be their native language; however, as many as 817,000 people declared themselves to be of Silesian nationality, not necessarily speaking Silesian, even though the Silesian nationality has not been recognized by Polish governments since its creation in 1945.
1671:, come from year 1819. The last pre-WW1 general census figures available, are from 1910 (if not including the 1911 census of school children—Sprachzählung unter den Schulkindern—which revealed a higher percent of Polish-speakers among school children than the 1910 census among the general populace). Figures (
1188:
World War II and its aftermath amplified this polarization. Three groups took shape within the
Silesian population. The Polish-speaking group was the largest, while the German-speaking group, which primarily lived in central Silesia, was noticeably smaller. A third group supported separatism and an
1152:
policies, which attempted to
Germanize them in culture and language. The process of Germanisation was never completely successful. The cultural distance of Upper Silesians from the German population resulted in the development of Polish national awareness at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth
1035:
within the boundaries of the newly established Polish state. The names of the smaller tribes disappeared from historical records, as well as the names of some prominent tribes. However, in some places, the names of the most important tribes transformed into names representing the whole region, such
1103:
from various parts of
Germany, including Prussia and Austria. This led to changes in the ethnic structure of the province. In the Middle Ages, various German dialects of the new settlers became widely used throughout Lower Silesia and some Upper Silesian cities. However, after the era of German
3272:
Statistischer Umriß der sämmtlichen europäischen und der vornehmsten außereuropäischen
Staaten, in Hinsicht ihrer Entwickelung, Größe, Volksmenge, Finanz- und Militärverfassung, tabellarisch dargestellt; Erster Heft: Welcher die beiden großen Mächte Österreich und Preußen und den Deutschen
3200:
Statistischer Umriß der sämmtlichen europäischen und der vornehmsten außereuropäischen
Staaten, in Hinsicht ihrer Entwickelung, Größe, Volksmenge, Finanz- und Militärverfassung, tabellarisch dargestellt; Erster Heft: Welcher die beiden großen Mächte Österreich und Preußen und den Deutschen
1396:, the Breslau Regency had 833,253 inhabitants, the majority of whom—755,553 (90%)—were German-speakers; with a Polish-speaking minority numbering 66,500 (8%); as well as 3,900 Czechs (1%) and 7,300 Jews (1%). The Liegnitz Regency was inhabited by Germans with a small Sorbian minority.
773:), making it the third largest minority group in the country (93% of Germans living in Poland are in the Polish parts of Silesia). 31,301 people declared Silesian nationality in the Czech National Census of 2021, including 18,850 of those who declared two nationalities (44,446 in
871:
entered the depopulated territory of
Silesia in the first half of the 6th century. The Slavic territories were mostly abandoned, because the Celtic and Germanic tribes that lived there before had moved west. Chronologically, the first group of Slavs were those that dwelt by the
740:
The term "Silesia" is a
Latinized word of the original Polish/Lechitic name "Śląsk" inhabited by the ancient Lechitic tribes called Ślężanie. In Silesia, there are many places of the ancient Slavic Lechitic pagan cult of these ancient people, for example Góra Ślęża.
1108:. Germans usually dominated large cities, and Poles mostly lived in rural areas. This required the Prussian authorities to issue official documents in Polish, or in German and Polish. The Polish-speaking territories of Lower and Middle Silesia, commonly called the
2422:
2334:
1180:
remained in
Germany. The ethnic situation of the region became more complex as the division of Upper Silesia into Polish and German parts led to ethnic polarization. The people that lived in the western part of Upper Silesia were subject to a strong German
488:
and/or Slavic Upper
Silesian. The Silesian language is one of the regional languages used in Poland alongside Polish as well as Kashubian and is structured with in a SVO format, however the grammar is quite often different to that of the other
744:
About 209,000 of the Upper
Silesian population declared themselves as pure Silesians, 376,000 people declared themselves as having a joint Silesian and Polish nationality while only 471,000 people declared themselves to be of only Polish
777:
in 1991), and 6,361 people declared joint Silesian and Moravian nationality in the Slovak national census. Over 85% of the population in the Polish part of Upper Silesia declare themselves as Poles, and in the Czech part as Czechs.
1056:). However, the tribal era was already over, and these divisions reflected only political subdivisions of the Polish realm. Within Poland, from 1177 onward, Silesia was divided into many smaller duchies. In 1178, parts of the
2477:
Da die Silingen offensichtlich ihren Namen im mittelalterlichen pagus silensis und dem mons slenz – möglicherweise mit dem Zobten gleichzusetzen – hinterließen und damit einer ganzen Landschaft – Schlesien – den Namen gaben
1266:
court of law registered the Union of People of Silesian Nationality (ZLNS) as the political representative organization of the Silesian ethnic minority, but after two months, the registration was revoked by a regional court.
2556:
1270:
According to M.E. Sharpe, Silesians inhabiting Poland are considered to belong to a Polish ethnographic group, and they speak a dialect of Polish. United States Immigration Commission also counted Silesian as one of
801:
part of the region. Approximately 400–500,000 respondents from the other areas of East Upper Silesia who declared "Upper Silesian nationality" (Oberschlesier) were assigned to the German nationality category. After
3220:
Jeografia wschodniey części Europy czyli opis krajów przez wielorakie narody sławiańskie zamieszkanych obeymujący Prussy, Xięztwo Poznańskie, Szląsk Pruski, Gallicyą, Rzeczpospolitę Krakowską, Królestwo Polskie i
506:
3071:
2382:
517:
386:
539:
408:
6276:
6544:
5674:
6271:
6047:
5135:
1031:
in the 10th and 11th centuries. The main factors of this process were the establishment of a single monarchy that ruled over all Polish tribes, as well as creation of a separate
6700:
6580:
5140:
6296:
2564:
1200:
The reasons for these transitions were boundary shifts and population changes that came after World War II. As a result, the vast majority of the former German Silesia, even
5072:
1304:
There is some contention over whether Silesian is a dialect or a language in its own right. Most Polish linguists consider Silesian to be a prominent regional dialect of
6281:
6192:
5734:
1275:. As a result of German influence, Silesians have been influenced by German culture. Many German and their descendants who inhabited both Lower and Upper Silesia
6855:
6554:
6380:
480:. Therefore, the term Silesian can refer to anyone of these ethnic groups. However, in 1945, great demographic changes occurred in the region as a result of the
6549:
3029:
806:
in Poland, the 1945 census showed a sizable group of people in Upper Silesia who declared Silesian nationality. According to police reports, 22% of people in
3308:
5760:
6318:
303:
5729:
3007:
P. Eberhardt, Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: History, Data, and Analysis, M.E. Sharpe, 2003, p. 166,
5249:
2525:
6714:
6499:
5065:
4466:
3170:
1080:
in the second half of the 15th century, but the Bytom area remained in the possession of the Silesian Piasts, even though it remained a part of the
3479:
6707:
1112:
until the end of the 19th century, were mostly Germanized in the 18th and 19th centuries, except for some areas along the northeastern frontier.
3461:
3278:
Nationalverschiedenheit 1819: Polen - 377,100; Deutsche - 162,600; Mährer - 12,000; Juden - 8,000; Tschechen - 1,600; Gesamtbevölkerung: 561,203
1204:, which did not have sizeable Polish-speaking population, was incorporated into Poland, with smaller regions remaining under the control of the
3643:
2182:
In the 1921 plebiscite, 40.6% of eligible voters (people over 20 years old – a minimum age that favoured the German-speaking population, whose
1341:
6459:
1276:
3573:
3526:
3508:
3443:
2450:
Zbigniew Babik, "Najstarsza warstwa nazewnicza na ziemiach polskich w granicach średniowiecznej Słowiańszczyzny", Uniwersitas, Kraków, 2001.
972:. This process is called ethnic consolidation, in which several ethnic communities of the same origin and cognate languages merge into one.
6845:
6420:
5058:
1359:
in Poland, the vast majority of native speakers were expelled during or after 1945. Therefore, the number of German speakers in the region
3555:
6197:
3609:
3425:
2471:
3591:
3407:
1132:, who named himself a 'Piast prince' (he was actually a remote descendant) in his first declaration. The remainder of Silesia, known as
2586:
1024:
884:
areas. In the early 9th century, the settlement stabilized. Local West Slavs began to erect a series of defensive systems, such as the
5081:
2190:
and become Polish citizens. In total, over seven hundred towns and villages voted in favour of Poland, especially in the counties of
2996:
6438:
5526:
5165:
3091:. United States. Immigration Commission (1907-1910). Washington, D.C.: Washington, Government Printing Office. pp. 105, 128.
1360:
1217:
3155:. United States. Immigration Commission (1907-1910). Washington, D.C.: Washington, Government Printing Office. pp. 104–105.
1169:
5242:
5191:
1189:
independent Silesian nation-state. The separatists were of marginal importance, finding little support among native Silesians.
2735:
6585:
5277:
5125:
4459:
2943:
2898:
2879:
2859:
2762:
2697:
2678:
2662:
2625:
2435:
2293:
797:), and the Silesian language was declared by 288,445 people. However, the Silesian nationality could only be declared in the
2839:
1104:
colonization, the Polish language was still predominant in Upper Silesia and parts of Lower and Middle Silesia north of the
5186:
1220:, but after being sifted out from the ethnic Germans by a process of "national verification", the Silesians classified as "
2405:
6126:
5130:
3166:
2785:
2720:
6255:
6037:
4391:
3636:
2824:
2276:
1076:, although their population was of Vistulan and not of Silesian descent. Parts of those territories were bought by the
2186:
was greater than that of Polish-speakers of Upper Silesia, according to censuses of 1900–1910) decided to secede from
6850:
5235:
5201:
2923:
2836:
2821:
2782:
2732:
2717:
2603:" (en: "Upper Silesia: special case of cultural") - Mirosława Błaszczak-Wacławik, Wojciech Błasiak, Tomasz Nawrocki,
985:
6840:
6291:
6184:
6074:
5211:
5206:
5160:
5120:
4452:
1028:
964:
V. I. Kozlov and edited by R. Holloman, the Silesian tribes, together with other Polish tribes, formed what is now
3323:
5181:
5095:
4349:
2255:
822:
Archaeological findings of the 20th century in Silesia confirm the existence of an early settlement inhabited by
351:"Ślōnskŏ nacyjŏ bōła, je a bydzie", which means "Silesian Nation was, is, and will be" - Eighth Autonomy March,
6590:
5473:
5292:
4312:
3012:
2992:
2968:
2758:
2321:
1259:
1185:, where those living in the eastern part of Silesia started to identify with the Polish culture and statehood.
1121:
3016:
2972:
5588:
5196:
5155:
5110:
4997:
4975:
4749:
3688:
3629:
3380:
2961:
Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: History, Data, and Analysis
2532:
6825:
6564:
6121:
5519:
5115:
5105:
5100:
724:, which means dampness, moisture, or humidity. They disagree with the hypothesis of an origin for the name
3177:
3150:
3086:
1262:, there have been calls for greater political representation for the Silesian ethnic minority. In 1997, a
5724:
5621:
5216:
5145:
5039:
4871:
4475:
3768:
3253:
1192:
782:
669:
6747:
6148:
5719:
5423:
5413:
5050:
4791:
4302:
3476:
3050:
2289:
Tomasz Kamusella. The Szlonzoks and their Language: Between Germany, Poland and Szlonzokian Nationalism
1048:, some of those regions were again divided into smaller entities, such as the division of Silesia into
950:
5770:
3362:
1242:
Between 1945 and 1949, millions of ethnic Poles from the former (pre-1939) eastern Poland (especially
937:. The reason for this classification was the "fundamentally common culture and language" of Silesian,
6741:
6375:
6286:
5796:
5669:
4856:
4535:
4416:
4075:
3458:
1177:
1145:
1141:
766:
5750:
4866:
4652:
2801:
196:
No data, 31,301 declared Silesian nationality, of which 12,451 declared it as their only nationality
5302:
5258:
4844:
4839:
4359:
3683:
2361:
2177:
953:
tribes that "were considerably more closely related to one another than were the Germanic tribes."
532:
401:
347:
248:
3541:
2637:
1297:(often called Upper Silesian) is spoken by the Silesian ethnic group or nationality inside Polish
1239:
there. But some had to wait for years. Until 1989, nearly 600,000 Silesians emigrated to Germany.
6735:
6678:
6385:
5512:
5438:
5353:
5012:
4899:
4657:
4090:
3570:
3523:
3505:
3440:
3347:
2288:
1125:
1045:
1032:
558:
4940:
997:
6069:
5428:
4935:
4827:
4334:
4307:
4213:
4184:
4144:
4129:
3552:
3494:
2459:
Rudolf Fischer. Onomastica slavogermanica. Uniwersytet Wrocławski. 2007. t. XXVI. 2007. str. 83
1258:, etc.) and central Poland moved into Silesia, particularly in Lower Silesia. Since the end of
1165:
673:
592:
579:
5689:
5659:
3606:
3422:
6361:
5488:
5448:
5393:
5383:
5363:
5358:
4764:
4492:
4238:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4004:
3693:
3678:
3668:
3588:
3404:
3270:
3198:
2239:
1309:
993:
754:
265:
104:
6130:
3114:
6163:
5786:
5755:
5641:
5453:
5443:
5378:
5348:
5343:
5338:
4965:
4811:
4527:
4202:
4041:
3860:
3754:
2604:
1348:. The first official dictation contest of the Silesian language took place in August 2007.
1236:
312:
4583:
4059:
1081:
8:
6245:
6181:
6042:
5684:
5578:
5560:
5458:
5433:
5408:
5398:
4955:
4950:
4930:
4406:
4401:
4364:
4248:
4233:
4174:
4169:
3363:"Plebiscyt Górnośląski 1921 - 20 III - 1936. Wydawnictwo pamiątkowe w 15-letnią rocznicę"
3341:
3291:
2915:
1401:
1368:
1333:
1164:, the eastern minor, but richer, part of Upper Silesia became part of the newly restored
1137:
901:
6116:
5604:
653:
178:
596,224 officially declared Silesian nationality. (Polish-Silesian nationality included)
6830:
6431:
6153:
6020:
5709:
5699:
5582:
5574:
5565:
5549:
5493:
5478:
5468:
4925:
4909:
4904:
4510:
4421:
4411:
4374:
4322:
4189:
4179:
3896:
1317:
1272:
1221:
1161:
1129:
1077:
1016:
885:
790:
641:
490:
469:
5936:
2475:(in German). Vol. 33 (2nd ed.). Berlin, Germany; New York City: de Gruyter.
2199:
1224:" by the Polish communist authorities were allowed to remain, and they were intensely
1057:
1011:, Slavic tribal confederacies, and then Slavic states, dominated. Silesia was part of
6835:
6649:
6644:
6158:
6052:
5704:
5615:
5610:
5598:
5593:
5403:
5388:
5373:
5368:
5007:
4987:
4970:
4603:
4265:
3994:
3877:
3737:
3732:
3309:"Stosunki narodowościowe na Śląsku w świetle relacji pruskich urzędników z roku 1882"
3108:
3008:
2988:
2964:
2939:
2919:
2894:
2875:
2855:
2832:
2817:
2778:
2754:
2728:
2713:
2693:
2674:
2658:
2621:
2580:
2488:
2431:
2383:"Bilancia podľa národnosti a pohlavia - SR-oblasť-kraj-okres, m-v [om7002rr]"
2317:
2271:
2266:
2211:
1664:
1337:
1294:
1288:
1089:
566:
481:
363:
308:
225:
47:
20:
5664:
2985:
Regional Identity and Diversity in Europe: Experience in Wales, Silesia and Flanders
1235:, some of the remaining Silesians were able to emigrate to West and East Germany to
6820:
6799:
6683:
6595:
6400:
6300:
6091:
6064:
6030:
5791:
5483:
5463:
5418:
5297:
4960:
4945:
4861:
4754:
4642:
4369:
4208:
4070:
3872:
1681:
Table 1. Numbers of Polish, German and other inhabitants (Regierungsbezirk Oppeln)
1356:
1321:
1313:
1085:
938:
893:
857:
842:
657:
625:
600:
587:
5845:
3129:
2918:, Dethard von Winterfeld. München, Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag 2005. p. 4.
323:
6654:
6629:
6624:
6559:
6390:
6096:
6025:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5714:
5034:
5029:
4876:
4796:
4684:
4611:
4426:
3999:
3940:
3819:
3747:
3716:
3613:
3595:
3577:
3559:
3530:
3512:
3483:
3465:
3447:
3429:
3411:
2500:
2187:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1363:
after World War II, even though the Germans had settled there for centuries. The
1352:
1329:
1305:
1133:
1084:. Between 1327 and 1348, the duchies of Silesia came under the suzerainty of the
1073:
930:
877:
811:
729:
720:
711:
698:
687:
677:
633:
521:
498:
414:
390:
371:
340:
238:
233:
229:
68:
54:
5908:
2353:
1136:, remained in the Austrian Empire. The Prussian part of Silesia constituted the
925:, which is believed to document the 10th-century settlements, also mentions the
6752:
6619:
6250:
5873:
5850:
5694:
5679:
4980:
4730:
4637:
4139:
4112:
4036:
3759:
3742:
3727:
3249:
2511:
1325:
1308:. However, many Silesians regard it to be a separate language belonging to the
1209:
1173:
969:
961:
774:
758:
617:
553:
545:
446:
434:
422:
244:
191:
126:
86:
4021:
2798:
Outline history of Poland. From the beginning of the state to the present time
6814:
6639:
6408:
6059:
5570:
5017:
4550:
4483:
4339:
4297:
4285:
4270:
3984:
2893:
R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.) Historia Śląska, Wrocław 2007, p. 21-22,
2814:
Polish Folk Music: Slavonic Heritage – Polish Tradition – Contemporary Trends
2673:
R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.) Historia Śląska, Wrocław 2007, p. 37–38,
2657:
R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.) Historia Śląska, Wrocław 2007, p. 34–37,
1668:
1298:
1201:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1012:
1001:
981:
934:
889:
873:
770:
656:) in mid-southern Silesia, which served as a place of cult for pagans before
485:
462:
458:
454:
328:
269:
252:
5903:
4679:
4080:
2775:
National Survival in Dependent Societies: Social Change in Canada and Poland
2710:
National Survival in Dependent Societies: Social Change in Canada and Poland
1355:
is still spoken in Silesia, as it has a sizable minority of speakers in the
876:, the second was the Sukov-Dzidzice type Slavs, and the last were groups of
693:
682:
664:
6506:
5961:
5913:
5227:
4992:
4881:
4379:
4354:
4329:
3722:
2938:
M. Czapliński M. Czapliński (red.) Historia Śląska, Wrocław 2007, s. 290,
1660:
1205:
965:
881:
868:
803:
5979:
4568:
4444:
4051:
3171:"Język używany w domu - Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011"
2692:
R. Żerelik(in:) M. Czpliński (red.) Historia Śląska, Wrocław 2007, p. 40,
429:) is both an ethnic as well as a geographical term for the inhabitants of
6140:
6086:
6081:
5765:
5282:
5022:
4849:
4712:
4593:
4156:
3962:
3710:
3673:
3204:(in German). Verlag des Geographischen Instituts Weimar. pp. 33–34.
1182:
1154:
1149:
1140:
until 1918. Later, the province was split into the Prussian provinces of
1100:
1027:. The tribal differences started to disappear after the consolidation of
1008:
810:
considered themselves to be Silesians, and that number was around 50% in
746:
295:
273:
118:
117:
Several million (of which about 0.8 million officially declared Silesian
6778:
5888:
5080:
3255:
Schlesien: eine Landeskunde für das deutsche Volk. T. 1., Das ganze Land
2469:
Jankuhn, Herbert; Beck, Heinrich; et al., eds. (2006). "Wandalen".
2410:. Washington, D.C.: Washington, Government Printing Office. p. 128.
2231:
1065:
6465:
6452:
5918:
4769:
4694:
4647:
4632:
4545:
4280:
4196:
4085:
3947:
3915:
3884:
3830:
3825:
3808:
3793:
3660:
3621:
2183:
1332:. In July 2007, the Silesian language was officially recognized by the
910:
703:
649:
466:
287:
6485:
6211:
4517:
4014:
3346:(in German). Berlin: Verlagsbuchhandlung von Julius Springer. p.
1168:; most of the land that had been ruled by the Habsburgs following the
6520:
6445:
5956:
5272:
4774:
4588:
4578:
4560:
4540:
4505:
4500:
4433:
4102:
4097:
4065:
4046:
4031:
4009:
3979:
3974:
3889:
3855:
3850:
3798:
3276:(in German). Verlag des Geographischen Instituts Weimar. p. 34.
2223:
1232:
989:
946:
942:
926:
918:
914:
853:
829:
Until the 2nd century some parts of Silesia were populated by Celtic
6545:
Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia
6513:
3165:
793:
in 1940. At the time, 157,057 people declared Silesian nationality (
99:
6477:
5951:
5946:
5898:
5322:
5287:
5002:
4832:
4396:
4275:
4260:
4164:
3969:
3835:
3803:
3705:
3236:
Ludność, in: Historia Śląska, vol. II: 1763–1850, part 1: 1763–1806
3149:
Dillingham, William Paul; Folkmar, Daniel; Folkmar, Elnora (1911).
3085:
Dillingham, William Paul; Folkmar, Daniel; Folkmar, Elnora (1911).
2404:
Dillingham, William Paul; Folkmar, Daniel; Folkmar, Elnora (1911).
2219:
2191:
1263:
1247:
1212:
obtained most of Cieszyn Silesia. Millions of Silesians, mostly of
1069:
906:
574:
352:
210:
130:
6773:
4290:
929:
and Trzebowianie tribes. Later sources classified those tribes as
6367:
5941:
5928:
5883:
5803:
5535:
5504:
4801:
4707:
4627:
4119:
3989:
3957:
3840:
3813:
3788:
3773:
3072:"Zgoda Świętochłowice labour camp - history and list of the dead"
2207:
1255:
1251:
1213:
1153:
centuries, culminating in the pro-Polish movements at the end of
1093:
1041:
1037:
849:
845:
838:
834:
798:
750:
734:
494:
477:
450:
442:
430:
291:
151:
5878:
3906:
3452:
1196:
Silesians in traditional costumes during the 2015 Autonomy March
6492:
6471:
4784:
4779:
4759:
4671:
4573:
4317:
4255:
4243:
4026:
3935:
3923:
3867:
3845:
3783:
3778:
3700:
2987:, The Federal Trust for Education & Research, 2008, p. 65,
2235:
2227:
2203:
2195:
807:
762:
473:
438:
335:
316:
173:
122:
6527:
5855:
3258:(in German). Breslau: Verlag Ferdinand Hirt. pp. 364–367.
2468:
896:
was not reinforced, due to their common culture and language.
6414:
5893:
5317:
5312:
4806:
4741:
4702:
4386:
4344:
4134:
4124:
3952:
3928:
3652:
3296:(in German). Berlin: Verlagsbuchhandlung von Julius Springer.
2727:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1962, V. II, p. 744,
2243:
2215:
1020:
980:
The Silesians lived on the territory that became part of the
864:
856:. Silesia remained depopulated until the second phase of the
823:
765:. About 126,000 people declared themselves as members of the
605:
3459:
Die Volksabstimmung in Oberschlesien 1921: Gleiwitz und Tost
3238:(in Polish). Wrocław: edited by W. Długoborski. p. 150.
2749:
V.I. Kozlov Regina E. Holloman, Serghei A. Arutiunov (ed.)
1667:
structure (Nationalverschiedenheit) of the Prussian part of
5865:
5837:
3131:
Die Verbreitung und die Herkunft der Deutschen in Schlesien
1393:
1243:
1105:
892:
to guard them from invaders. The north-eastern border with
830:
786:
3343:
Die Polen in Oberschlesien: eine statistische Untersuchung
3293:
Die Polen in Oberschlesien: eine statistische Untersuchung
2618:
Polityka antyniemiecka na Górnym Śląsku w latach 1945-1950
1099:
Beginning in the 13th century, Slavic Silesia began to be
3477:
Die Volksabstimmung in Oberschlesien 1921: Groß Strehlitz
2505:, Old Polish Ślężnie, colloquial Polish Ślązaki, Ślązoki
996:
at the beginning of the 11th century. He established the
497:
in different languages most likely share their etymology—
3499:
3148:
3084:
2403:
6555:
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland
3223:(in Polish). Wrocław: Wilhelm Bogumił Korn. p. 60.
2912:
Dehio – Handbuch der Kunstdenkmäler in Polen: Schlesien
2171:
6550:
Silesian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession
3546:
3488:
737:
tribe, an etymology preferred by some German authors.
3600:
3542:
Die Volksabstimmung in Oberschlesien 1921: Hindenburg
2827:
same conclusions in Mark Salter, Jonathan Bousfield,
2424:
Being at Home in a Place: The Philosophy of Localness
5082:
Ethnic and national minorities in the Czech Republic
3571:
Die Volksabstimmung in Oberschlesien 1921: Rosenberg
3524:
Die Volksabstimmung in Oberschlesien 1921: Lublinitz
3506:
Die Volksabstimmung in Oberschlesien 1921: Kattowitz
3441:
Die Volksabstimmung in Oberschlesien 1921: Tarnowitz
2688:
2686:
1231:
Between 1955 and 1959, under the supervision of the
648:. The names all relate to the name of a river (now
3553:Die Volksabstimmung in Oberschlesien 1921: Ratibor
3495:Die Volksabstimmung in Oberschlesien 1921: Beuthen
2745:
2743:
3607:Die Volksabstimmung in Oberschlesien 1921: Oppeln
3423:Die Volksabstimmung in Oberschlesien 1921: Rybnik
3369:(in Polish). Katowice: Drukarnia "Merkur": 33–35.
2889:
2887:
2683:
2294:The Silesian Museum: The Architecture of Identity
6812:
3589:Die Volksabstimmung in Oberschlesien 1921: Cosel
3405:Die Volksabstimmung in Oberschlesien 1921: Pless
3306:
1208:(which later became a part of unified Germany).
933:, which were also jointly classified as part of
3136:The Spread and the Origin of Germans in Silesia
2955:
2953:
2951:
2740:
841:and subsequently until the 5th century, by the
6856:Ethnic groups divided by international borders
3470:
3381:"Oberschlesien: Volksabstimmung 1920 und 1922"
3248:
3242:
3113:. Toronto: London, Polish Press Bur. pp.
2884:
437:divided by the current national boundaries of
5520:
5243:
5066:
4460:
3637:
2712:, McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP, 1990, p. 106,
5257:
3268:
3262:
3196:
2948:
2777:, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1990, p. 106,
2526:"Národnost ve sčítání lidu v českých zemích"
2492:
60:
4474:
3333:
3307:Kalisch, Johannes; Bochinski, Hans (1958).
3283:
3192:
3190:
3138:] (in German). Stuttgart: J. Engelhorn.
2601:Górny Śląsk: szczególny przypadek kulturowy
2472:Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde
2348:
2346:
2316:" Germany (West). Statistisches Bundesamt.
1120:In 1742, most of Silesia was seized in the
5527:
5513:
5250:
5236:
5073:
5059:
4467:
4453:
3644:
3630:
3535:
3339:
3289:
3252:(1896). "Die Sprachgrenze 1790 und 1890".
3233:
2909:
2816:, Cambridge University Press, 2006, p. 3,
98:
3564:
3517:
3434:
3027:
1654:
1387:
1361:was radically and significantly decreased
1277:have been displaced to Germany in 1945-47
215:no data; 22 declared Silesian nationality
3651:
3187:
3159:
3127:
2343:
1191:
346:
334:
322:
302:
3106:
3051:"Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung"
1400:Table 1. Ethno-linguistic structure of
852:, which moved south and west to invade
6813:
3416:
3360:
3217:
2725:The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History
2585:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2481:The name in Silesian dialect:'Ślōnzŏki
599:
586:
573:
484:leaving most of the region ethnically
6339:
6227:
5995:
5639:
5547:
5508:
5231:
5054:
4448:
3625:
3582:
3398:
3316:Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
3102:
3100:
3098:
2420:
1659:The earliest exact census figures on
728:
719:
710:
697:
686:
672:topographic names in the region (see
552:
531:
400:
3167:Central Statistical Office of Poland
2172:Plebiscite in Prussian Upper Silesia
138:Regions with significant populations
6846:Ethnic groups in the Czech Republic
6127:Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis
3028:Kamusella, Tomasz (November 2005).
2385:(in Slovak). Statistics of Slovakia
2327:
13:
6277:Legnicko-Głogowski Okręg Miedziowy
6256:Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area
5534:
4392:Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia
3095:
3078:
2753:, Walter de Gruyter 1978, p. 391,
2462:
1382:
1176:, while Lower Silesia and most of
789:authorities conducted a census in
79:colloquial Polish Ślązaki, Ślązoki
14:
6867:
6586:Moravian–Silesian Football League
2812:John Blacking, Anna Czekanowska,
2723:; Charles William Previte-Orton,
2282:
2249:
1367:dialect is a distinct variety of
1340:. The language was attributed an
1316:, together with Polish and other
1115:
769:(58,000 declared it jointly with
668:is listed as one of the numerous
16:Inhabitants of the Silesia region
6795:
6794:
6777:
6772:
6210:
5978:
3905:
2773:Raymond Breton, W. Kwaśniewicz,
905:records the tribal names of the
833:, predecessors of the states of
203:
184:
166:
144:
4350:Bosnian and Herzegovinian Serbs
3373:
3354:
3300:
3227:
3211:
3142:
3121:
3064:
3053:(in German). Bpb.de. 2005-03-15
3043:
3021:
3001:
2983:David M. Smith, Enid Wistrich,
2977:
2932:
2903:
2870:S. Rosik W. Wrzesiński (red.)
2864:
2850:S. Rosik W. Wrzesiński (red.)
2844:
2806:
2790:
2767:
2702:
2667:
2651:
2630:
2620:" - Bernard Linek, Opole 2000,
2610:
2593:
2549:
2518:
2256:List of Slavic studies journals
1088:, which was then passed to the
6038:Silesian Voivodeship (1920–39)
3152:Dictionary of Races or Peoples
3088:Dictionary of Races or Peoples
2831:, Rough Guides, 2002, p. 675,
2640:. Powiatopolski.pl. 2011-05-25
2453:
2444:
2414:
2407:Dictionary of Races or Peoples
2397:
2375:
2306:
1122:War of the Austrian Succession
975:
449:. Historically, the region of
1:
6701:Schlesien Unvergessene Heimat
5640:
5589:1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite
3110:The Poles under Prussian rule
2963:, M.E. Sharpe, 2003, p. 166,
2314:Volkszählung vom 27. Mai 1970
2299:
1216:ethnicity, were subsequently
339:Woman in Silesian dress from
156:
6565:Pentecostal Church in Poland
5996:
5675:Obniżenie Milicko-Głogowskie
3234:Ładogórski, Tadeusz (1966).
3206:Nationalverschiedenheit 1819
2165:Total population: 2,207,981
1871:Census, monolingual Polish:
992:, and then expanded by king
53:"Schläsinger", "Schläsier" (
7:
6340:
6228:
5725:Silesian-Moravian Foothills
5548:
3107:Kozicki, Stanislas (1918).
2430:. Elipsa. pp. 41–112.
2260:
1282:
1237:reunite with their families
1033:ecclesiastical organization
984:in 875. Later, in 990, the
783:German occupation of Poland
755:2011 Polish national census
702:is directly related to the
10:
6872:
6748:Silesian Autonomy Movement
6391:Silesian Museum (Katowice)
5720:Silesian-Lusatian Lowlands
3218:Plater, Stanisław (1825).
2910:Badstübner, Ernst (2005).
2874:, Wrocław 2006, p. 53-54,
2421:Kunce, Aleksandra (2019).
2253:
2175:
1680:
1320:, such as Upper and Lower
1286:
1206:German Democratic Republic
817:
18:
6790:
6770:
6742:Landsmannschaft Schlesien
6728:
6692:
6674:
6667:
6615:
6608:
6573:
6537:
6399:
6357:
6350:
6346:
6335:
6311:
6287:Upper Silesian Coal Basin
6282:Lower Silesian Coal Basin
6272:Bielski Okręg Przemysłowy
6264:
6238:
6234:
6223:
6208:
6180:
6139:
6112:
6105:
6013:
6006:
6002:
5991:
5976:
5927:
5864:
5836:
5829:
5797:Moravian-Silesian Beskids
5779:
5743:
5670:Lower Silesian Wilderness
5652:
5648:
5635:
5556:
5543:
5331:
5265:
5174:
5088:
4918:
4892:
4820:
4739:
4721:
4693:
4670:
4620:
4602:
4559:
4526:
4491:
4482:
4155:
3914:
3903:
3659:
3322:. Leipzig. Archived from
2796:S. Arnold, M. Żychowski,
2751:Perspectives on Ethnicity
2339:Retrieved 2021-04-11.
2277:People by city in Silesia
1885:together with bilinguals
958:Perspectives on Ethnicity
880:-Slavic peoples from the
433:, a historical region in
285:
280:
264:
259:
224:
219:
201:
182:
164:
142:
137:
116:
111:
97:
34:
6851:Ethnic groups in Germany
6193:Lower Silesian and Opole
6122:Moravian–Silesian Region
5259:Ethnic groups in Germany
2362:Czech Statistical Office
2178:Upper Silesia plebiscite
1260:Communist rule in Poland
1072:were transferred to the
757:making them the largest
461:) has been inhabited by
121:in national censuses in
6841:Ethnic groups in Poland
6386:Silesian Museum (Opava)
5771:Slezská Harta Reservoir
4476:Ethnic groups in Poland
3361:Łakomy, Ludwik (1936).
3128:Weinhold, Karl (1887).
2872:Historia Dolnego Śląska
2854:, Wrocław 2006, p. 49,
2852:Historia Dolnego Śląska
2800:, Warsaw 1962, p. 7-11
1046:fragmentation of Poland
645:
608:, Spanish and English:
596:
583:
570:
562:
367:
6591:National football team
5751:Jezioro Goczałkowickie
5735:Zielona Góra Acclivity
4214:Bessarabian Bulgarians
3684:Belarusian Lithuanians
2493:
1655:Prussian Upper Silesia
1388:Prussian Lower Silesia
1273:the dialects of Polish
1197:
674:old European hydronymy
637:
629:
621:
613:
549:
525:
502:
426:
418:
394:
356:
344:
332:
320:
61:
6560:Roman Catholic Church
6381:Upper Silesian Museum
5089:Officially recognized
4493:Greater Poland people
4313:Bulgarian Macedonians
4239:Macedonian Bulgarians
4005:Greater Poland people
3273:Staatenbund darstellt
3269:Georg Hassel (1823).
3201:Staatenbund darstellt
3197:Georg Hassel (1823).
2491:) in Polish language
1195:
1044:. As a result of the
733:from the name of the
676:). According to some
588:[ˈʃlazɨnʲska]
350:
338:
326:
313:Silesian Voivodeships
306:
281:Related ethnic groups
105:Flag of Upper Silesia
6581:Football Association
5756:Jezioro Otmuchowskie
4528:Lesser Poland people
4308:Albanian Macedonians
4229:Bulgarian Hungarians
4203:Anatolian Bulgarians
4185:Bosniak Montenegrins
4042:Lesser Poland people
3755:Zaporozhian Cossacks
3653:Slavic ethnic groups
3032:. Transitions Online
2605:University of Warsaw
2561:www.greekhelsinki.gr
1040:, and Silesians for
998:Bishopric of Wrocław
988:was created by Duke
917:, Lupiglaa, and the
533:[ˈʃleːzi̯ən]
368:Ślōnzŏki or Ślůnzoki
6826:People from Silesia
6246:Katowice urban area
6154:Lubusz Voivodeships
5690:Przedgórze Sudeckie
5660:Jelenia Góra valley
4402:Carinthian Slovenes
4249:Thracian Bulgarians
4224:Bulgarian Croatians
4219:Bulgarian Albanians
3694:Belarusian Russians
3679:Belarusian Latvians
3340:Paul Weber (1913).
3290:Paul Weber (1913).
2916:Andrzej Tomaszewski
1642:c. 1.8 million
1632:c. 2.2 million
1622:c. 2.1 million
1432:acc. T. Ładogórski
1409:
1369:East Central German
1334:Library of Congress
1138:Province of Silesia
1126:Frederick the Great
902:Bavarian Geographer
402:[ˈʃleːzi̯ɐ]
31:
19:For the tribe, see
6693:Unofficial anthems
5710:Silesian Przesieka
5700:Silesian Foothills
4511:Kuyavian Borowiaks
4422:Prekmurje Slovenes
4412:Hungarian Slovenes
4234:Bulgarian Italians
3612:2016-03-04 at the
3594:2016-03-04 at the
3576:2016-03-04 at the
3558:2016-03-04 at the
3529:2016-03-04 at the
3511:2016-03-04 at the
3482:2016-03-04 at the
3464:2016-03-04 at the
3446:2014-02-01 at the
3428:2016-03-04 at the
3410:2015-05-02 at the
3030:"Doing It Our Way"
1399:
1318:Lechitic languages
1198:
1162:Silesian Uprisings
1101:settled by Germans
1017:Kingdom of Bohemia
1004:in the year 1000.
986:first Polish state
886:Silesian Przesieka
791:East Upper Silesia
771:Polish nationality
491:Lechitic languages
357:
345:
333:
321:
29:
6808:
6807:
6786:
6785:
6768:
6767:
6724:
6723:
6663:
6662:
6604:
6603:
6331:
6330:
6327:
6326:
6301:Rybnik Coal Areas
6292:Industrial Region
6219:
6218:
6206:
6205:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6171:
5987:
5986:
5974:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5705:Silesian Lowlands
5631:
5630:
5616:Battle of Leuthen
5611:Battle of Legnica
5599:Treaty of Teschen
5594:Treaty of Dresden
5502:
5501:
5225:
5224:
5048:
5047:
4666:
4665:
4653:Tuchola Borowians
4604:Borderlands Poles
4584:Międzyrzec Boyars
4442:
4441:
4407:Croatian Slovenes
4365:Montenegrin Serbs
4266:Burgenland Croats
4175:Bosniak Croatians
4170:Bosniak Albanians
4060:Międzyrzec Boyars
3995:Borderlands Poles
3738:Siberian Cossacks
3733:Nekrasov Cossacks
2944:978-83-229-2872-1
2899:978-83-229-2872-1
2880:978-83-229-2763-2
2860:978-83-229-2763-2
2698:978-83-229-2872-1
2679:978-83-229-2872-1
2663:978-83-229-2872-1
2626:978-83-7126-142-8
2437:978-83-8017-270-8
2318:Kohlhammer Verlag
2272:List of Silesians
2267:Silesian uprising
2212:Strzelce Opolskie
2169:
2168:
1652:
1651:
1338:SIL International
1295:Silesian language
1289:Silesian language
1218:forcibly expelled
1090:Habsburg monarchy
1082:Diocese of Kraków
1036:as Mazovians for
848:, a tribe of the
688:[ˈɕlɛ̃ʐa]
670:Pre-Indo-European
601:[ˈʃlɛska]
554:[ˈslɛsko]
482:Potsdam Agreement
307:Silesians in the
301:
300:
266:Roman Catholicism
242:
21:Silesians (tribe)
6863:
6798:
6797:
6781:
6776:
6753:Marsz Autōnōmije
6672:
6671:
6633:
6632:(Lower Silesian)
6630:Silesian German
6613:
6612:
6596:Silesian Stadium
6426:
6376:Regional costume
6355:
6354:
6348:
6347:
6337:
6336:
6236:
6235:
6225:
6224:
6214:
6117:Jeseník District
6110:
6109:
6092:Austrian Silesia
6065:Silesia Province
6011:
6010:
6004:
6003:
5993:
5992:
5982:
5834:
5833:
5792:Silesian Beskids
5761:Jezioro Sławskie
5650:
5649:
5637:
5636:
5605:Book of Henryków
5545:
5544:
5529:
5522:
5515:
5506:
5505:
5252:
5245:
5238:
5229:
5228:
5075:
5068:
5061:
5052:
5051:
4946:Crimean Karaites
4862:Galician Germans
4643:Polish Uplanders
4489:
4488:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4446:
4445:
4417:Italian Slovenes
4360:Macedonian Serbs
4209:Banat Bulgarians
4190:Bosniak Serbians
4180:Bosniak Kosovars
4071:Polish Uplanders
3909:
3873:Pannonian Rusyns
3689:Belarusian Poles
3646:
3639:
3632:
3623:
3622:
3616:
3604:
3598:
3586:
3580:
3568:
3562:
3550:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3521:
3515:
3503:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3474:
3468:
3456:
3450:
3438:
3432:
3420:
3414:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3313:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3194:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3176:. Archived from
3175:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3104:
3093:
3092:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3025:
3019:
3015:, 9780765618337
3005:
2999:
2995:, 9781903403877
2981:
2975:
2971:, 9780765618337
2957:
2946:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2914:. Dietmar Popp,
2907:
2901:
2891:
2882:
2868:
2862:
2848:
2842:
2810:
2804:
2794:
2788:
2771:
2765:
2761:, 9783110807707
2747:
2738:
2708:Raymond Breton,
2706:
2700:
2690:
2681:
2671:
2665:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2634:
2628:
2614:
2608:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2584:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2563:. Archived from
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2537:
2531:. Archived from
2530:
2522:
2516:
2504:
2496:
2480:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2429:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2331:
2325:
2310:
1678:
1677:
1410:
1402:Prussian Silesia
1398:
1357:Opole Voivodship
1314:Slavic languages
1086:Crown of Bohemia
1019:and finally the
966:Polish ethnicity
899:The 9th-century
867:, predominantly
858:migration period
732:
730:[ɕlɔ̃sk]
723:
714:
701:
690:
658:Christianization
652:) and mountain (
603:
590:
577:
575:[ɕlonsk]
556:
543:
542:
541:
535:
530:
520:
513:
512:
511:
509:
412:
411:
410:
404:
399:
389:
249:Cieszyn Silesian
236:
209:
207:
206:
190:
188:
187:
172:
170:
169:
158:
150:
148:
147:
112:Total population
102:
72:
64:
32:
28:
6871:
6870:
6866:
6865:
6864:
6862:
6861:
6860:
6811:
6810:
6809:
6804:
6782:
6764:
6720:
6688:
6659:
6631:
6600:
6569:
6533:
6422:
6395:
6342:
6323:
6307:
6297:Ostrava-Karviná
6260:
6230:
6215:
6202:
6168:
6135:
6101:
6097:Eastern Silesia
5998:
5983:
5966:
5923:
5860:
5825:
5775:
5739:
5715:Silesian Upland
5644:
5627:
5552:
5539:
5533:
5503:
5498:
5327:
5261:
5256:
5226:
5221:
5170:
5084:
5079:
5049:
5044:
4914:
4888:
4877:Vistula Germans
4816:
4735:
4717:
4689:
4685:Silesian Gorals
4662:
4616:
4612:Bug River Poles
4598:
4555:
4522:
4478:
4473:
4443:
4438:
4375:Vojvodina Serbs
4151:
4000:Bug River Poles
3941:Silesian Gorals
3910:
3901:
3878:Rusyn Romanians
3820:Harbin Russians
3748:Greben Cossacks
3717:Baikal Cossacks
3669:Alaskan Creoles
3655:
3650:
3620:
3619:
3614:Wayback Machine
3605:
3601:
3596:Wayback Machine
3587:
3583:
3578:Wayback Machine
3569:
3565:
3560:Wayback Machine
3551:
3547:
3540:
3536:
3531:Wayback Machine
3522:
3518:
3513:Wayback Machine
3504:
3500:
3493:
3489:
3484:Wayback Machine
3475:
3471:
3466:Wayback Machine
3457:
3453:
3448:Wayback Machine
3439:
3435:
3430:Wayback Machine
3421:
3417:
3412:Wayback Machine
3403:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3359:
3355:
3338:
3334:
3326:
3311:
3305:
3301:
3288:
3284:
3267:
3263:
3247:
3243:
3232:
3228:
3216:
3212:
3195:
3188:
3180:
3173:
3164:
3160:
3147:
3143:
3126:
3122:
3105:
3096:
3083:
3079:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3056:
3054:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3035:
3033:
3026:
3022:
3006:
3002:
2982:
2978:
2958:
2949:
2937:
2933:
2926:
2908:
2904:
2892:
2885:
2869:
2865:
2849:
2845:
2811:
2807:
2795:
2791:
2772:
2768:
2748:
2741:
2707:
2703:
2691:
2684:
2672:
2668:
2656:
2652:
2643:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2615:
2611:
2598:
2594:
2578:
2577:
2570:
2568:
2567:on 6 April 2003
2557:"Archived copy"
2555:
2554:
2550:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2506:
2498:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2427:
2419:
2415:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2364:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2328:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2285:
2263:
2258:
2252:
2200:Tarnowskie Góry
2180:
2174:
1661:ethnolinguistic
1657:
1424:acc. S. Plater
1416:acc. G. Hassel
1408:ry (1800–1825)
1390:
1385:
1383:Historical data
1373:Standard German
1365:Silesian German
1353:German language
1291:
1285:
1134:Cieszyn Silesia
1118:
1074:Silesian Piasts
1058:Duchy of Kraków
978:
931:Silesian tribes
923:Prague Document
820:
812:Strzelce County
767:German minority
721:[ɕlɔŋk]
712:[ɕlɛŋk]
699:[ɕlɛ̃ʂ]
537:
536:
528:
516:
507:
504:
503:
493:. The names of
406:
405:
397:
385:
372:Silesian German
341:Cieszyn Silesia
268:
243:
239:Silesian German
232:
228:
204:
202:
197:
185:
183:
167:
165:
160:
159:2.4–3.6 million
145:
143:
107:
93:
92:
66:
55:Silesian German
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6869:
6859:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6806:
6805:
6803:
6802:
6791:
6788:
6787:
6784:
6783:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6765:
6763:
6762:
6757:
6756:
6755:
6745:
6738:
6732:
6730:
6726:
6725:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6718:
6711:
6704:
6696:
6694:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6686:
6681:
6675:
6669:
6665:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6636:
6635:
6622:
6616:
6610:
6606:
6605:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6577:
6575:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6541:
6539:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6524:
6517:
6510:
6503:
6496:
6489:
6482:
6475:
6468:
6463:
6456:
6449:
6442:
6435:
6428:
6418:
6411:
6405:
6403:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6372:
6371:
6358:
6352:
6344:
6343:
6333:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6321:
6315:
6313:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6305:
6304:
6303:
6294:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6268:
6266:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6251:Metropolis GZM
6248:
6242:
6240:
6239:Socioeconomics
6232:
6231:
6221:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6195:
6189:
6187:
6185:constituencies
6178:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6149:Lower Silesian
6145:
6143:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6124:
6119:
6113:
6107:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6072:
6062:
6057:
6056:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6035:
6034:
6033:
6028:
6017:
6015:
6008:
6000:
5999:
5989:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5933:
5931:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5870:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5842:
5840:
5831:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5822:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5801:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5783:
5781:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5730:Wał Trzebnicki
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5695:Silesian Walls
5692:
5687:
5685:Oświęcim Basin
5682:
5680:Ostrava Valley
5677:
5672:
5667:
5665:Kłodzko Valley
5662:
5656:
5654:
5646:
5645:
5633:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5568:
5563:
5557:
5554:
5553:
5541:
5540:
5532:
5531:
5524:
5517:
5509:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5335:
5333:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5262:
5255:
5254:
5247:
5240:
5232:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5085:
5078:
5077:
5070:
5063:
5055:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4981:Ashkenazi Jews
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4842:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4746:
4744:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4731:Cieszyn Vlachs
4727:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4699:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4676:
4674:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4608:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4565:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4532:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4503:
4497:
4495:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4472:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4449:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4427:Venetian Slavs
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4370:Croatian Serbs
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4342:
4337:
4335:Ethnic Muslims
4332:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4300:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4161:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4122:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4113:Cieszyn Vlachs
4105:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3920:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3816:
3811:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3760:Kuban Cossacks
3752:
3751:
3750:
3743:Terek Cossacks
3740:
3735:
3730:
3728:Kuban Cossacks
3725:
3720:
3713:
3703:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3671:
3665:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3649:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3626:
3618:
3617:
3599:
3581:
3563:
3545:
3534:
3516:
3498:
3487:
3469:
3451:
3433:
3415:
3397:
3372:
3353:
3332:
3329:on 2020-02-01.
3299:
3282:
3261:
3250:Joseph Partsch
3241:
3226:
3210:
3186:
3183:on 2012-08-16.
3169:(2012-07-26).
3158:
3141:
3120:
3094:
3077:
3063:
3042:
3020:
3000:
2976:
2959:P. Eberhardt,
2947:
2931:
2924:
2902:
2883:
2863:
2843:
2805:
2789:
2766:
2739:
2701:
2682:
2666:
2650:
2638:"Opole county"
2629:
2609:
2592:
2548:
2517:
2461:
2452:
2443:
2436:
2413:
2396:
2374:
2342:
2326:
2324:Number: 760396
2304:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2284:
2283:External links
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2262:
2259:
2251:
2250:Historiography
2248:
2176:Main article:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2131:
2123:
2115:
2107:
2099:
2091:
2083:
2075:
2067:
2059:
2051:
2043:
2035:
2027:
2026:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1992:
1984:
1976:
1968:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1928:
1920:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1887:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1843:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1755:
1747:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1656:
1653:
1650:
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1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1604:
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1596:
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1581:
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1577:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1565:
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1553:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1518:
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1448:
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1433:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1404:in early 19th
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1287:Main article:
1284:
1281:
1210:Czechoslovakia
1174:Czechoslovakia
1117:
1116:Modern history
1114:
1060:around Bytom,
977:
974:
962:anthropologist
894:Western Polans
819:
816:
795:Slonzaken Volk
775:Czechoslovakia
759:minority group
559:Lower Silesian
435:Central Europe
355:, 18 July 2009
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192:Czech Republic
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127:Czech Republic
114:
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95:
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90:
80:
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76:Polish Ślężnie
74:
58:
51:
36:
35:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6868:
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6754:
6751:
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6746:
6744:
6743:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6727:
6717:
6716:
6715:Slezská hymna
6712:
6710:
6709:
6708:Schlesierlied
6705:
6703:
6702:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6691:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6679:Coats of arms
6677:
6676:
6673:
6670:
6666:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6640:Lach dialects
6638:
6634:
6628:
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6626:
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6509:
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6501:
6500:Modrŏ kapusta
6497:
6495:
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6429:
6427:
6425:
6424:(ciapkapusta)
6419:
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6416:
6412:
6410:
6409:Black noodles
6407:
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6076:
6075:Lower Silesia
6073:
6071:
6070:Upper Silesia
6068:
6067:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6060:State country
6058:
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5863:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5846:Divoká Orlice
5844:
5843:
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5056:
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5041:
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5028:
5024:
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5019:
5018:Bergitka Roma
5016:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
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4580:
4577:
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4567:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4552:
4551:Sandomierzans
4549:
4547:
4544:
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4539:
4537:
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4311:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4286:Molise Croats
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4271:Croat Muslims
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
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4079:
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4076:Russian Poles
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3074:. ipn.gov.pl.
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2538:on 2009-10-07
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2022:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1669:Upper Silesia
1666:
1662:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1413:Ethnic group
1412:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1395:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1351:Although the
1349:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1299:Upper Silesia
1296:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:Lower Silesia
1194:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1179:
1178:Upper Silesia
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1146:Lower Silesia
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:Upper Silesia
1051:
1050:Lower Silesia
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:Great Moravia
1010:
1005:
1003:
1002:Lower Silesia
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
982:Great Moravia
973:
971:
967:
963:
960:, written by
959:
956:According to
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
935:Polish tribes
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
903:
897:
895:
891:
890:Silesia Walls
887:
883:
879:
875:
874:Dnieper River
870:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
825:
815:
813:
809:
805:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
779:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
742:
738:
736:
731:
727:
722:
718:
713:
709:
705:
700:
696:
695:
689:
685:
684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
602:
598:
594:
593:Upper Sorbian
589:
585:
581:
580:Lower Sorbian
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
555:
551:
547:
540:
534:
527:
523:
519:
514:
510:
500:
496:
492:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
409:
403:
396:
392:
388:
383:
380:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
354:
349:
342:
337:
331:(2021 census)
330:
329:Czech Silesia
327:Silesians in
325:
319:(2011 census)
318:
314:
310:
305:
297:
293:
289:
284:
279:
275:
271:
270:Protestantism
267:
263:
258:
254:
253:Lach dialects
250:
246:
240:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
214:
212:
200:
195:
193:
181:
177:
175:
163:
155:
153:
141:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
115:
110:
106:
101:
96:
88:
84:
81:
78:
75:
70:
63:
59:
56:
52:
49:
45:
41:
38:
37:
33:
22:
6759:
6740:
6736:Demographics
6729:Other topics
6713:
6706:
6699:
6526:
6519:
6512:
6507:Siymiyniotka
6505:
6498:
6491:
6484:
6478:
6470:
6458:
6451:
6444:
6437:
6430:
6423:
6413:
6366:
6362:Architecture
6299: /
6141:Voivodeships
6129: /
6007:Subdivisions
5909:Nysa Kłodzka
5620:
5603:
5439:Montenegrins
5354:Azerbaijanis
5307:
5150:
4993:Lipka Tatars
4936:Bangladeshis
4882:Walddeutsche
4722:
4380:Serb Muslims
4355:Kosovo Serbs
4330:Montenegrins
4201:
4107:
4058:
3818:
3723:Don Cossacks
3715:
3602:
3584:
3566:
3548:
3537:
3519:
3501:
3490:
3472:
3454:
3436:
3418:
3400:
3388:. Retrieved
3385:Gonschior.de
3384:
3375:
3366:
3356:
3342:
3335:
3324:the original
3319:
3315:
3302:
3292:
3285:
3277:
3271:
3264:
3254:
3244:
3235:
3229:
3219:
3213:
3205:
3199:
3178:the original
3161:
3151:
3144:
3135:
3130:
3123:
3109:
3087:
3080:
3066:
3055:. Retrieved
3045:
3034:. Retrieved
3023:
3017:Google books
3003:
2997:Google books
2984:
2979:
2973:Google books
2960:
2934:
2911:
2905:
2871:
2866:
2851:
2846:
2840:Google Books
2828:
2825:Google Books
2813:
2808:
2802:Google Books
2797:
2792:
2786:Google Books
2774:
2769:
2763:Google Books
2750:
2736:Google Books
2724:
2721:Google Books
2709:
2704:
2669:
2653:
2642:. Retrieved
2632:
2617:
2612:
2600:
2595:
2569:. Retrieved
2565:the original
2560:
2551:
2540:. Retrieved
2533:the original
2520:
2509:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2423:
2416:
2406:
2399:
2387:. Retrieved
2377:
2365:. Retrieved
2360:(in Czech).
2357:
2333:
2329:
2313:
2308:
2181:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2134:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2094:
2087:
2086:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1955:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1931:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1915:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1899:
1892:
1891:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1814:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1798:
1791:
1790:
1783:
1782:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1766:
1759:
1758:
1751:
1750:
1743:
1742:
1672:
1658:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1609:
1601:
1593:
1585:
1570:
1562:
1555:
1543:
1535:
1528:
1520:
1512:
1504:
1497:
1489:
1481:
1473:
1466:
1458:
1450:
1442:
1435:
1427:
1419:
1405:
1391:
1350:
1345:
1303:
1292:
1269:
1241:
1230:
1225:
1199:
1187:
1159:
1119:
1109:
1098:
1078:Polish kings
1023:monarchy of
1006:
979:
957:
955:
922:
900:
898:
882:Danube river
869:White Croats
862:
828:
821:
804:World War II
794:
780:
743:
739:
725:
716:
707:
692:
681:
663:
662:
609:
381:
378:
375:
359:
358:
82:
43:
39:
26:Ethnic group
6421:Panczkraut
6087:New Silesia
6082:Sudetenland
6048:politicians
5429:Macedonians
5283:Franconians
5266:Traditional
5202:Macedonians
5023:Polska Roma
4998:Lithuanians
4941:Circassians
4872:Pomeranians
4867:Kosznajders
4850:Vilamovians
4765:Macedonians
4750:Belarusians
4713:Slovincians
4594:Podlachians
4303:Macedonians
4157:South Slavs
4145:Upper Sorbs
4140:Texas Wends
4130:Lower Sorbs
3963:Slovincians
3831:Kamenschiks
3711:Albazinians
3674:Belarusians
2607:1990, p. 63
2358:Census 2021
2354:"Národnost"
1310:West Slavic
1293:The Slavic
1222:autochthons
1183:Ostsiedlung
1155:World War I
1150:Kulturkampf
1110:Polish side
1009:Middle Ages
976:Middle Ages
921:. The 1086
781:During the
747:nationality
680:, the name
654:Mount Ślęża
467:West Slavic
376:Schläsinger
296:Vilamovians
274:Lutheranism
119:nationality
6815:Categories
6466:Kopalnioki
6453:Karminadle
6043:parliament
5904:Mała Panew
5787:Carpathian
5561:Offensives
5489:Ukrainians
5449:Pakistanis
5394:Hungarians
5384:Ethiopians
5364:Bulgarians
5359:Brazilians
5212:Portuguese
5207:Mongolians
5166:Vietnamese
5161:Ukrainians
5121:Hungarians
5101:Bulgarians
5040:Vietnamese
4966:Hungarians
4812:Ukrainians
4770:Podlashuks
4695:Kashubians
4680:Sącz Lachs
4648:Sieradzans
4633:Kocievians
4546:Lublinians
4536:Cracovians
4281:Krashovani
4197:Bulgarians
4086:Sieradzans
4081:Sącz Lachs
4022:Kociewians
3948:Kashubians
3916:West Slavs
3885:Ukrainians
3861:Starozhily
3826:Kamchadals
3809:Doukhobors
3794:Podlashuks
3661:East Slavs
3390:10 January
3057:2012-08-16
3036:2006-07-25
3013:0765618338
2993:1903403871
2969:0765618338
2759:311080770X
2644:2012-08-16
2571:15 January
2542:2012-08-16
2367:8 December
2300:References
2254:See also:
2184:median age
1865:1,158,805
1859:1,048,230
1617:Population
1463:1,303,300
1455:1,550,000
1447:1,561,570
1312:branch of
1160:After the
1106:Odra river
994:Boleslaw I
951:Pomeranian
911:Dadosesani
704:Old Polish
612:; French:
529:pronounced
398:pronounced
288:West Slavs
6831:Silesians
6760:Silesians
6609:Languages
6521:Wodziōnka
6446:Hauskyjza
5957:Pszczynka
5780:Mountains
5642:Geography
5566:Uprisings
5474:Spaniards
5454:Romanians
5444:Moroccans
5379:Eritreans
5349:Armenians
5344:Americans
5339:Albanians
5332:Immigrant
5308:Silesians
5273:Bavarians
5182:Armenians
5151:Silesians
5096:Austrians
4956:Georgians
4951:Filipinos
4931:Armenians
4775:Poleshuks
4723:Silesians
4638:Łęczycans
4589:Poborzans
4579:Masurians
4569:Łowiczans
4561:Masovians
4541:Lasovians
4506:Kuyavians
4501:Kaliszans
4434:Yugoslavs
4108:Silesians
4103:Ruhrpolen
4098:Obotrites
4066:Poborzans
4052:Łowiczans
4047:Masovians
4037:Łęczycans
4032:Lasovians
4010:Kaliszans
3980:Moravians
3975:Masurians
3890:Podolyans
3856:Siberians
3851:Semeiskie
3799:Poleshuks
3367:54731 III
2224:Lubliniec
1883:1,560,000
1873:1,169,340
1563:Moravians
1233:Red Cross
1226:polonized
1096:in 1526.
990:Mieszko I
927:Bobrzanie
915:Golenzizi
854:Andalusia
678:Polonists
642:Kashubian
584:Šlazyńska
563:Schläsing
526:Schlesien
518:‹See Tfd›
476:, and by
472:people),
395:Schlesier
387:‹See Tfd›
382:Schläsier
360:Silesians
241:dialects)
220:Languages
30:Silesians
6836:Lechites
6800:Category
6650:Moravian
6645:Silesian
6538:Religion
6479:Krupniok
6265:Industry
6198:Silesian
6164:Silesian
6053:treasury
5997:Politics
5952:Przemsza
5947:Gostynia
5899:Liswarta
5889:Kłodnica
5459:Russians
5434:Mexicans
5424:Lebanese
5414:Japanese
5409:Italians
5399:Iranians
5323:Swabians
5288:Frisians
5136:Russians
4926:Africans
4910:Walloons
4905:Italians
4845:Flemings
4833:Olenders
4821:Germanic
4792:Russians
4658:Warmians
4397:Slovenes
4276:Janjevci
4261:Bunjevci
4165:Bosniaks
4091:Warmians
3970:Lechites
3836:Lipovans
3804:Russians
3789:Molokans
3706:Cossacks
3610:Archived
3592:Archived
3574:Archived
3556:Archived
3527:Archived
3509:Archived
3480:Archived
3462:Archived
3444:Archived
3426:Archived
3408:Archived
2581:cite web
2489:Silesian
2485:Ślůnzoki
2320:, 1972,
2261:See also
2232:Racibórz
2220:Katowice
2192:Pszczyna
2157:117,651
2149:135,519
2014:757,200
2008:684,397
2002:566,523
1994:457,545
1986:409,218
1978:406,950
1970:366,562
1962:363,990
1954:364,175
1946:348,094
1938:330,099
1930:290,168
1922:266,399
1914:257,852
1906:255,483
1898:162,600
1880:or up to
1853:918,728
1845:742,153
1837:665,865
1829:612,849
1821:590,248
1813:584,293
1805:568,582
1797:540,402
1789:525,395
1781:495,362
1773:468,691
1765:443,084
1757:418,837
1749:377,100
1673:Table 1.
1665:national
1494:401,900
1486:600,000
1478:444,000
1392:In year
1375:or even
1283:Language
1264:Katowice
1248:Volhynia
1172:went to
1170:1742 war
1124:by King
1070:Siewierz
1066:Chrzanów
1062:Oświęcim
947:Vistulan
943:Masovian
919:Ślężanie
907:Opolanie
888:and the
843:Germanic
826:tribes.
638:Sliezsko
567:Silesian
470:Lechitic
364:Silesian
353:Katowice
290:, other
272:(Mainly
260:Religion
226:Silesian
211:Slovakia
131:Slovakia
48:Silesian
44:Ślůnzoki
40:Ślōnzŏki
6821:Silesia
6668:Symbols
6486:Makōwki
6401:Cuisine
6368:Familŏk
6351:Culture
6341:Society
6319:Tourism
6312:Tourism
6229:Economy
6131:Görlitz
6106:Current
6021:Duchies
5942:Brynica
5929:Vistula
5884:Kaczawa
5819:Western
5814:Central
5809:Eastern
5804:Sudetes
5622:more...
5550:History
5536:Silesia
5494:Yazidis
5479:Syrians
5469:Somalis
5197:Koreans
5187:Chinese
5156:Slovaks
5111:Germans
5008:Nepalis
4988:Koreans
4971:Indians
4893:Romance
4857:Germans
4840:English
4802:Slovaks
4708:Krubans
4628:Bambers
4574:Kurpies
4518:Taśtaks
4340:Resians
4323:Torbeši
4120:Slovaks
4027:Kurpies
4015:Taśtaks
3990:Bambers
3958:Krubans
3953:Gochans
3897:Litvins
3841:Polekhs
3814:Goryuns
3774:Hutsuls
2508:Slezané
2494:Ślązacy
2389:31 July
2208:Gliwice
2188:Germany
2141:92,480
2133:41,611
2125:51,187
2117:49,037
2109:48,270
2101:49,445
2093:45,736
2085:42,292
2077:41,570
2069:12,679
2061:13,120
2053:13,254
2045:10,904
2037:21,503
2024:(40.0%)
2021:884,045
2016:(37.2%)
2010:(36.6%)
2004:(35.9%)
1997:(36.8%)
1989:(36.3%)
1981:(38.1%)
1973:(36.5%)
1965:(36.5%)
1957:(37.2%)
1949:(37.4%)
1941:(36.8%)
1933:(36.3%)
1925:(35.6%)
1917:(36.1%)
1909:(37.3%)
1901:(29.0%)
1876:(53.0%)
1867:(57.0%)
1861:(56.1%)
1855:(58.2%)
1848:(59.8%)
1840:(59.1%)
1832:(57.3%)
1824:(58.7%)
1816:(58.6%)
1808:(58.1%)
1800:(58.1%)
1792:(58.6%)
1784:(62.1%)
1776:(62.6%)
1768:(62.0%)
1760:(61.1%)
1752:(67.2%)
1598:20,000
1590:16,916
1567:12,000
1552:32,600
1517:30,000
1509:24,500
1443:Germans
1322:Sorbian
1256:Vilnius
1252:Podolia
1130:Prussia
1094:Austria
1042:Silesia
1038:Mazovia
1015:, then
1007:In the
970:culture
850:Vandals
846:Silingi
839:Bavaria
835:Bohemia
818:History
799:Cieszyn
753:in the
751:Silesia
735:Silings
626:Italian
622:Silezië
614:Silésie
610:Silesia
550:Slezsko
495:Silesia
478:Germans
451:Silesia
447:Czechia
443:Germany
431:Silesia
427:Slezané
419:Ślązacy
292:Germans
237:(incl.
152:Germany
83:Slezané
62:Ślązacy
6655:Polish
6625:German
6514:Szałŏt
6493:Moczka
6472:Kreple
6460:Kołŏcz
6439:Galert
6432:Klōzki
6026:Piasts
6014:Former
5874:Barycz
5851:Jizera
5830:Rivers
5766:Nyskie
5579:Second
5538:topics
5404:Iraqis
5389:Greeks
5374:Czechs
5369:Croats
5303:Romani
5141:Rusyns
5131:Romani
5116:Greeks
5106:Croats
5013:Romani
5003:Locals
4961:Greeks
4919:Others
4900:French
4785:Boykos
4780:Rusyns
4760:Lemkos
4755:Czechs
4742:Slavic
4740:Other
4672:Gorals
4621:Others
4318:Mijaks
4298:Gorani
4256:Croats
4244:Pomaks
3936:Gorals
3924:Czechs
3868:Rusyns
3846:Pomors
3784:Lemkos
3779:Karyms
3769:Gurans
3701:Boykos
3011:
2991:
2967:
2942:
2922:
2897:
2878:
2858:
2835:
2829:Poland
2820:
2781:
2757:
2731:
2716:
2696:
2677:
2661:
2624:
2501:Polish
2497:
2434:
2236:Olesno
2228:Zabrze
2204:Toszek
2196:Rybnik
2160:(5.8%)
2152:(7.3%)
2144:(5.9%)
2136:(3.4%)
2128:(4.6%)
2120:(4.6%)
2112:(4.8%)
2104:(4.9%)
2096:(4.7%)
2088:(4.5%)
2080:(4.6%)
2072:(1.6%)
2064:(1.8%)
2056:(1.9%)
2048:(1.6%)
2040:(3.8%)
1893:German
1744:Polish
1606:8,900
1540:5,500
1536:Czechs
1377:Polish
1344:code:
1330:Slovak
1306:Polish
1214:German
1166:Poland
1029:Poland
1025:Poland
949:, and
824:Celtic
808:Zabrze
763:Poland
706:words
634:Slovak
630:Slesia
597:Šleska
571:Ślōnsk
522:German
499:Polish
486:Polish
474:Czechs
463:Polish
445:, and
439:Poland
415:Polish
391:German
343:, 1914
317:Poland
286:Other
234:German
230:Polish
208:
189:
174:Poland
171:
149:
125:, the
123:Poland
69:Polish
65:
6684:Flags
6620:Czech
6574:Sport
6415:Bryja
6159:Opole
6031:dukes
5937:Biała
5919:Ślęza
5894:Kwisa
5744:Lakes
5653:Areas
5583:Third
5575:First
5484:Turks
5464:Serbs
5419:Kurds
5318:Sorbs
5313:Sinti
5298:Poles
5278:Danes
5217:Turks
5175:Other
5146:Serbs
5126:Poles
5035:Turks
5030:Scots
4828:Dutch
4807:Sorbs
4797:Serbs
4703:Gochs
4484:Poles
4387:Shopi
4345:Serbs
4291:Šokci
4135:Wends
4125:Sorbs
3985:Poles
3929:Chods
3327:(PDF)
3312:(PDF)
3221:Litwę
3181:(PDF)
3174:(PDF)
3134:[
2536:(PDF)
2529:(PDF)
2512:Czech
2428:(PDF)
2244:Opole
2240:Koźle
2216:Bytom
2032:Other
1737:1910
1734:1905
1731:1900
1728:1890
1725:1867
1722:1861
1719:1858
1716:1855
1713:1852
1710:1846
1707:1843
1704:1840
1701:1837
1698:1834
1695:1831
1692:1828
1689:1819
1686:Year
1505:Sorbs
1474:Poles
1406:centu
1326:Czech
1142:Upper
1021:Piast
939:Polan
878:Avaro
865:Slavs
749:from
726:Śląsk
683:Ślęża
665:Ślęża
650:Ślęza
646:Sląsk
618:Dutch
606:Latin
546:Czech
508:Śląsk
459:Upper
455:Lower
423:Czech
309:Opole
245:Czech
87:Czech
73:, Old
5962:Rawa
5914:Olza
5879:Bóbr
5866:Oder
5838:Elbe
5571:Wars
5293:Jews
5192:Jews
4976:Jews
3392:2018
3009:ISBN
2989:ISBN
2965:ISBN
2940:ISBN
2920:ISBN
2895:ISBN
2876:ISBN
2856:ISBN
2833:ISBN
2818:ISBN
2779:ISBN
2755:ISBN
2729:ISBN
2714:ISBN
2694:ISBN
2675:ISBN
2659:ISBN
2622:ISBN
2587:link
2573:2022
2432:ISBN
2391:2019
2369:2022
2322:OCLC
2242:and
1586:Jews
1525:900
1498:23.0
1490:27.3
1482:21.5
1467:74.6
1459:70.5
1451:75.6
1394:1819
1336:and
1328:and
1244:Lviv
1144:and
1068:and
1052:and
968:and
863:The
837:and
831:Boii
787:Nazi
717:śląg
708:ślęg
694:Ślęż
457:and
311:and
251:and
129:and
6528:Żur
5856:Úpa
3117:-3.
1663:or
1647:100
1637:100
1627:100
1610:0.5
1602:0.9
1594:0.8
1571:0.6
1556:1.9
1544:0.3
1529:0.1
1521:1.4
1513:1.2
1346:SZL
1342:ISO
1128:of
1092:of
1000:in
761:in
715:or
691:or
315:of
6817::
6182:EP
5581:,
5577:,
3383:.
3365:.
3348:27
3320:13
3318:.
3314:.
3189:^
3097:^
2950:^
2886:^
2742:^
2685:^
2583:}}
2579:{{
2559:.
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2356:.
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2337:.
2246:.
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2198:,
2194:,
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1279:.
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1250:,
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1228:.
1157:.
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941:,
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909:,
860:.
814:.
785:,
660:.
644::
640:;
636::
632:;
628::
624:;
620::
616:;
604:;
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582::
578:;
569::
565:;
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441:,
425::
421:;
417::
413:;
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384:;
379:or
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370:;
366::
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5573:(
5528:e
5521:t
5514:v
5251:e
5244:t
5237:v
5074:e
5067:t
5060:v
4468:e
4461:t
4454:v
3645:e
3638:t
3631:v
3394:.
3350:.
3115:2
3060:.
3039:.
2928:.
2647:.
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2589:)
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2503:)
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2393:.
2371:.
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2206:-
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