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West Slavs

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453: 2024:'Wends', German-speaking groups may have alluded to a pre-Slavic population. It is, however, not clear how an ancient terminology came to be used in the case of the early medieval Slavs. (...) a meaning behind Fredegar's presumably inconsistent ethnic vocabulary. Perhaps 'Wends' and 'Sclavenes' are meant to denote a specific social and political configuration, in which such concepts as 'state' or 'ethnicity' are relevant, while 'Slavs' is a more general term, used in a territorial rather than an ethnic sense; 1340: 1083: 181: 25: 2400: 438: 1564:
The present-day Slavic peoples are usually divided into the three following groups: West Slavic, East Slavic, and South Slavic. This division has both linguistic and historico-geographical justification, in the sense that on the one hand the respective Slavic languages show some old features which
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While being traditionally regarded, at least in Polish historiography, as forefathers of the western Slavs, and therefore successors of the Veneti mentioned by Pliny, Tacitus, or Claudius Ptolemaeus, recent studies argue that the name may have not been a self-designation. By calling the Slavs
592:(833–c. 907). Christiansen (1997) identified the following West Slav tribes in the 11th century from "the coastlands and hinterland from the aby of Kiel to the Vistula, including the islands of Fehmarn, Poel, Rügen, Usedom and Wollin", namely the 484:
are neither clear nor consistent in their ethnographic terminology, and whether "Wends" or "Veneti" refer to Slavic people, pre-Slavic people, or to a territory rather than a population, is a matter of scholarly debate.
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to be first independent Slavic state in history by taking Fredegar's Wendish account at face value. Curta (1997) argued that the text is not as straightforward: according to Fredegar, Wends were a
604:, the Liutizians or Wilzians, the Rugians or Rani, the Sorbs, the Lusatians, the Poles, and the Pomeranians (later divided into Pomerelians and Cassubians). They came under the domination of the 510:
spanned much of Central Europe between what is now Eastern Germany and Western Romania. In the high medieval period, the West Slavic tribes were again pushed to the east by the incipient German
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reached Central Europe in the 7th century, and the West Slavic dialects diverged from common Slavic over the following centuries. The West Slavic tribes settled on the eastern fringes of the
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unite them into the above three groups, and on the other hand the pre- and early historical migrations of the respective Slavic peoples distributed them geographically in just this way.
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Slavic groups had probably become geographically separated. One of the distinguishing features of the West Slavic tribes was manifested in the structure of the
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The beginner's guide to interpreting ethnic DNA origins for family history : how Ashkenazi, Sephardi, Mizrahi & Europeans are related to everyone else
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Various attempts have been made to group the West Slavs into subgroups according to various criteria, including geography, historical tribes, and linguistics.
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by the 8th to 9th centuries. The West Slavic languages diversified into their historically attested forms over the 10th to 14th centuries.
1878: 446: 1173: 1228: 503: 1491: 89: 2043: 1582: 2884: 2129: 61: 2077: 1958:. In: Timothy Reuter ed. The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 900-c. 1024. Cambridge University Press. 1995. p. 514. 1525: 1861: 1736: 1711: 1686: 1661: 1622: 108: 68: 2842: 1461: 2805: 1077: 46: 1925: 2952: 2181: 2122: 365: 1334: 75: 1914:"Poselstwo ruskie w państwie niemieckim w roku 839: Kulisy śledztwa w świetle danych Geografa Bawarskiego" 2261: 42: 2795: 2083: 2049: 1588: 1531: 1284: 1127: 412: 408: 57: 2909: 2568: 2852: 2176: 680: 539:
of the closed (long) type, while the East Slavic sanctuaries had a round (most often open) shape (
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Bohemia and Poland. Chapter 20.pp 512-513. Timothy Reuter. The New Cambridge Medieval History:
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began in the 5th century, and by the 6th century the groups that would become the West,
82: 2914: 2904: 2867: 2815: 2682: 2672: 2389: 2069: 2007: 1746: 1632: 1517: 547:). Early modern historiographers such as Penzel (1777) and Palacky (1827) have claimed 493: 388: 151: 2758: 2487: 2370: 2230: 2225: 2011: 1857: 1732: 1707: 1682: 1657: 1618: 1419: 1163: 940: 621: 605: 461: 400: 392: 384: 369: 345: 169: 624:
survived until the beginning of the 19th century in what is now the German state of
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Statecraft : the deeds of Antonio Carafa = (De rebus gestis Antonj Caraphaei)
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Culture and foreign policy : the neglected factor in international relations
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Bohemia and Poland: two examples of successful western Slavonic state-formation
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Linguistically, the West Slavic group can be divided into three subgroups:
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occur particularly in political contexts: the Wends, not the Slavs, made
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made a list of West Slavic tribes who lived in the areas of modern-day
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group around the 7th century, and established independent polities in
199: Countries where other Slavic languages are the national language 2926: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2558: 2539: 2524: 2502: 2472: 2467: 2382: 2348: 2343: 2291: 1424: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1364: 1295: 1270: 1260: 1213: 1144: 1139: 1122: 1117: 1102: 1060: 922: 889: 751: 696: 601: 597: 333: 257: 249: 180: 2067: 1515: 24: 2889: 2768: 2753: 2657: 2462: 2328: 2296: 2198: 1913: 1359: 1348: 1158: 1153: 1091: 871: 837: 593: 474:) may have applied to Slavic peoples. However, sources such as the 376: 2783: 2612: 2482: 2450: 2333: 2306: 2281: 2266: 1779: 1431: 1313: 1300: 1250: 1195: 1178: 1168: 1042: 992: 819: 769: 661: 657: 617: 404: 329: 245: 2399: 2810: 2748: 2736: 2519: 2428: 2416: 2360: 2338: 2276: 2271: 2193: 1414: 1404: 1290: 1189: 1185: 714: 649: 344:. From the ninth century onwards, most West Slavs converted to 325: 265: 2879: 2837: 2627: 2617: 2445: 2421: 2145: 1456: 1374: 1369: 1319: 1307: 958: 544: 465: 432: 341: 261: 1615:
The handbook of cross-border ethnic and religious affinities
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Today, groups which speak West Slavic languages include the
2025: 1235: 574: 553: 2052:(in 35 vol.) Vol. 30. pp. 396–397–389. Archived from 1591:(in 35 vol.) Vol. 30. pp. 396–397–389. Archived from 437: 1911: 1815: 580:
Other such alleged early West Slavic states include the
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Slavic tribes from the 7th to 9th centuries AD in Europe
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Kratkie Soobşeniă Instituta Istorii Materialnoy Kultury
2086:(in 35 vol.) Vol. 30. pp. 388–389. Archived from 1562:. Columbus, Ohio: Slavica Publishers. pp. 12–13. 1534:(in 35 vol.) Vol. 30. pp. 388–389. Archived from 1978:. Columbus, Ohio: Slavica Publishers. pp. 12–13. 1827: 1803: 1791: 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 348:, thus coming under the cultural influence of the 2939: 2104:"Drevneslavănskoe yazyčeskoe svătilişe v Peryni" 639: 2037: 1729:The Catholic Church and Soviet Russia, 1917-39 1576: 1086:West Slav tribes in the 9th and 10th centuries 2130: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1975:The Origins of the Slavs: A Linguist's View 1559:The Origins of the Slavs: A Linguist's View 1335:West Slavic languages § Classification 2137: 2123: 1939: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1751:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1637:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1681:. New York, N.Y.: iUniverse. p. 57. 612:in the Middle Ages and had been strongly 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 2144: 1706:. Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate. p. 39. 1338: 1081: 451: 436: 1892: 1612: 506:in the 890s, the West Slavic polity of 468:" (probably derived from the Roman-era 2940: 1701: 1570: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1328: 2118: 2101: 1982: 1971: 1833: 1821: 1809: 1797: 1785: 1555: 1492:Outline of Slavic history and culture 1998:(2). Blackwell Publishers: 141–167. 1726: 1676: 1651: 620:at the end of the 19th century. The 219:Regions with significant populations 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 1549: 1504: 13: 2885:Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia 1656:. New York: P. Lang. p. 374. 1071: 14: 2964: 1912:Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak (2013). 2398: 1856:. London: Penguin Books. p. 41. 179: 23: 2843:Bosnian and Herzegovinian Serbs 1965: 1928:from the original on 2022-03-11 1881:from the original on 2020-02-24 1867: 1839: 1462:List of Slavic studies journals 212: 34:needs additional citations for 1759: 1720: 1695: 1670: 1645: 1606: 1078:List of ancient Slavic peoples 516:, decisively so following the 1: 1766: 1497: 1439: 366:Eastern Orthodox Christianity 640:Bavarian Geographer grouping 631: 565:, and there was no "Slavic" 7: 1845:Christiansen, Erik (1997). 1788:, p. 141–144, 152–153. 1652:Vico, Giambattista (2004). 1450: 504:Magyar invasion of Pannonia 10: 2969: 2110:(in Russian) (50): 92–103. 2084:Great Russian Encyclopedia 2050:Great Russian Encyclopedia 1731:. New York. pp. 8–9. 1702:Wiarda, Howard J. (2013). 1589:Great Russian Encyclopedia 1532:Great Russian Encyclopedia 1443: 1332: 1075: 569:. He further states that " 422: 418: 309:. They separated from the 16:Subgroup of Slavic peoples 2648: 2407: 2396: 2152: 1920:(in Polish and English). 1613:Butcher, Charity (2019). 287: 282: 235: 230: 223: 218: 210: 205: 178: 129: 1972:Gołąb, Zbigniew (1992). 1727:Dunn, Dennis J. (2017). 1556:Gołąb, Zbigniew (1992). 193:is the national language 189: Countries where a 2038:Sergey Skorvid (2015). 2004:10.1111/1468-0254.00009 1577:Sergey Skorvid (2015). 1446:Slavs § Population 588:(8th century–833), and 584:(8th century–833), the 582:Principality of Moravia 278:(majority among Czechs) 2707:Bessarabian Bulgarians 2177:Belarusian Lithuanians 2102:Sedov, Vasili (1953). 1983:Curta, Florin (1997). 1617:. London. p. 90. 1344: 1087: 525:early Slavic expansion 490:early Slavic expansion 457: 449: 441:Reconstruction of the 273:(minority among Sorbs) 156:Pódwjacorne Słowjany ( 2806:Bulgarian Macedonians 2732:Macedonian Bulgarians 2498:Greater Poland people 1992:Early Medieval Europe 1847:The Northern Crusades 1343:West Slavic languages 1342: 1085: 1076:Further information: 586:Principality of Nitra 520:in the 11th century. 477:Chronicle of Fredegar 455: 440: 307:West Slavic languages 283:Related ethnic groups 2953:Slavic ethnic groups 2801:Albanian Macedonians 2722:Bulgarian Hungarians 2696:Anatolian Bulgarians 2678:Bosniak Montenegrins 2535:Lesser Poland people 2248:Zaporozhian Cossacks 2146:Slavic ethnic groups 600:(or Abotrites), the 397:Pomeranian languages 191:West Slavic language 168:Zachodniy Słowjońe ( 132:Słowianie Zachodni ( 43:improve this article 2895:Carinthian Slovenes 2742:Thracian Bulgarians 2717:Bulgarian Croatians 2712:Bulgarian Albanians 2187:Belarusian Russians 2172:Belarusian Latvians 2028:as a merchant went 1875:"Polabian language" 1677:Hart, Anne (2003). 1411:Czech–Slovak group 1405:Gorals(Highlanders) 1329:Linguistic grouping 646:Bavarian Geographer 364:, who converted to 264:and minority among 162:Zapadni Słowjenjo ( 150:Zôpôdni Słowiónie ( 126: 2915:Prekmurje Slovenes 2905:Hungarian Slovenes 2727:Bulgarian Italians 2070:Vladimir Petrukhin 2068:Ilya Gavritukhin, 1954:Jerzy Strzelczyk. 1852:2023-10-06 at the 1824:, p. 152–153. 1518:Vladimir Petrukhin 1516:Ilya Gavritukhin, 1345: 1088: 673:Latin name in 845 494:Carolingian Empire 458: 450: 391:, and the extinct 144:Západní Slovania ( 124: 2935: 2934: 2900:Croatian Slovenes 2858:Montenegrin Serbs 2759:Burgenland Croats 2668:Bosniak Croatians 2663:Bosniak Albanians 2553:Międzyrzec Boyars 2488:Borderlands Poles 2231:Siberian Cossacks 2226:Nekrasov Cossacks 2032:to do business... 1918:Slavia Orientalis 1240:Ukr(an)i, Ukranen 1069: 1068: 622:Polabian language 606:Holy Roman Empire 537:Pagan sanctuaries 462:Early Middle Ages 403:in the region of 370:Cyrillic alphabet 346:Roman Catholicism 295: 294: 173: 138:Západní Slované ( 119: 118: 111: 93: 2960: 2910:Italian Slovenes 2853:Macedonian Serbs 2702:Banat Bulgarians 2683:Bosniak Serbians 2673:Bosniak Kosovars 2564:Polish Uplanders 2402: 2366:Pannonian Rusyns 2182:Belarusian Poles 2139: 2132: 2125: 2116: 2115: 2111: 2098: 2096: 2095: 2064: 2062: 2061: 2045:Slavic languages 2034: 2020: 2018: 1989: 1979: 1959: 1952: 1937: 1936: 1934: 1933: 1909: 1890: 1889: 1887: 1886: 1871: 1865: 1843: 1837: 1831: 1825: 1819: 1813: 1807: 1801: 1795: 1789: 1783: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1768: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1750: 1742: 1724: 1718: 1717: 1699: 1693: 1692: 1674: 1668: 1667: 1649: 1643: 1642: 1636: 1628: 1610: 1604: 1603: 1601: 1600: 1584:Slavic languages 1574: 1568: 1567: 1553: 1547: 1546: 1544: 1543: 1513: 1164:Polabians proper 1150:Obotrites proper 667: 666: 368:and adopted the 206:Total population 198: 188: 183: 131: 127: 123: 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 2968: 2967: 2963: 2962: 2961: 2959: 2958: 2957: 2938: 2937: 2936: 2931: 2868:Vojvodina Serbs 2644: 2493:Bug River Poles 2434:Silesian Gorals 2403: 2394: 2371:Rusyn Romanians 2313:Harbin Russians 2241:Greben Cossacks 2210:Baikal Cossacks 2162:Alaskan Creoles 2148: 2143: 2093: 2091: 2059: 2057: 2016: 2014: 1987: 1968: 1963: 1962: 1953: 1940: 1931: 1929: 1910: 1893: 1884: 1882: 1873: 1872: 1868: 1854:Wayback Machine 1844: 1840: 1832: 1828: 1820: 1816: 1808: 1804: 1796: 1792: 1784: 1780: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1760: 1744: 1743: 1739: 1725: 1721: 1714: 1700: 1696: 1689: 1675: 1671: 1664: 1650: 1646: 1630: 1629: 1625: 1611: 1607: 1598: 1596: 1575: 1571: 1554: 1550: 1541: 1539: 1514: 1505: 1500: 1453: 1448: 1442: 1337: 1331: 1188:, succeeded by 1080: 1074: 1072:Tribal grouping 642: 634: 610:Wendish Crusade 518:Wendish Crusade 502:. Prior to the 482:Paul the Deacon 435: 423:Main articles: 421: 352:, adopting the 274: 269: 239: 201: 200: 196: 194: 186: 174: 167: 161: 155: 149: 143: 137: 122: 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2966: 2956: 2955: 2950: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2929: 2924: 2923: 2922: 2920:Venetian Slavs 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2876: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2863:Croatian Serbs 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2835: 2830: 2828:Ethnic Muslims 2825: 2820: 2819: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2793: 2788: 2787: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2746: 2745: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2654: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2642: 2641: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2615: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2606:Cieszyn Vlachs 2598: 2593: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2549: 2548: 2547: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2511: 2510: 2505: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2459: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2438: 2437: 2436: 2426: 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354:Latin alphabet 315:Central Europe 305:who speak the 303:Slavic peoples 293: 292: 285: 284: 280: 279: 233: 232: 228: 227: 225:Central Europe 221: 220: 216: 215: 208: 207: 203: 202: 195: 185: 184: 176: 175: 130: 120: 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2965: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2945: 2943: 2928: 2925: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2798: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2779:Molise Croats 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2764:Croat Muslims 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2750: 2747: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2688: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2659: 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1609: 1595:on 2019-09-04 1594: 1590: 1586: 1585: 1580: 1573: 1566: 1561: 1560: 1552: 1538:on 2022-08-03 1537: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1523: 1519: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1503: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1477:Slovakization 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1447: 1433: 1430: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1322:(Lower Sorbs) 1321: 1318: 1316:(Upper Sorbs) 1315: 1312: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1276: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1246:Rani (Rujani) 1244: 1241: 1237: 1234: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1141: 1138: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1129: 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599: 595: 591: 590:Great Moravia 587: 583: 578: 577:their king." 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 555: 550: 549:Samo's Empire 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 521: 519: 515: 514: 509: 508:Great Moravia 505: 501: 500: 495: 491: 486: 483: 479: 478: 473: 472: 467: 463: 454: 448: 444: 443:Slavic temple 439: 434: 430: 426: 416: 414: 410: 409:Czecho–Slovak 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 373: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 318: 316: 312: 311:common Slavic 308: 304: 300: 291: 286: 281: 277: 272: 271:Protestantism 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 238: 234: 229: 226: 222: 217: 214: 209: 204: 192: 182: 177: 171: 165: 164:Upper Sorbian 159: 158:Lower Sorbian 153: 147: 141: 135: 128: 113: 110: 102: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: –  59: 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 2873:Serb Muslims 2848:Kosovo Serbs 2823:Montenegrins 2694: 2551: 2408: 2311: 2216:Don Cossacks 2208: 2107: 2092:. Retrieved 2088:the original 2078: 2058:. Retrieved 2054:the original 2044: 2029: 2022: 2015:. Retrieved 1995: 1991: 1974: 1966:Bibliography 1955: 1930:. Retrieved 1924:(1): 25–43. 1921: 1917: 1883:. Retrieved 1869: 1841: 1829: 1817: 1805: 1793: 1781: 1761: 1728: 1722: 1703: 1697: 1678: 1672: 1653: 1647: 1614: 1608: 1597:. Retrieved 1593:the original 1583: 1572: 1563: 1558: 1551: 1540:. 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and 381:Polish 340:, and 326:Czechs 288:Other 266:Czechs 260:, and 197:  187:  146:Slovak 134:Polish 85:  78:  71:  64:  56:  2880:Shopi 2838:Serbs 2784:Šokci 2628:Wends 2618:Sorbs 2478:Poles 2422:Chods 2079:Slavs 2008:S2CID 1988:(PDF) 1527:Slavs 1375:Sorbs 1370:Wends 1098:Poles 959:Sorbs 903:Bruzi 750:East 681:gords 670:Pos. 571:Wends 563:genus 545:Peryn 533:South 466:Wends 433:Wends 342:Sorbs 322:Poles 290:Slavs 262:Sorbs 242:Poles 140:Czech 90:JSTOR 76:books 2026:Samo 2019:2022 1858:ISBN 1753:link 1733:ISBN 1708:ISBN 1683:ISBN 1658:ISBN 1639:link 1619:ISBN 1236:Ucri 858:257 824:400 806:200 756:100 660:and 575:Samo 567:gens 554:gens 529:East 523:The 488:The 480:and 395:and 301:are 297:The 211:see 62:news 2000:doi 1052:58 1047:20 1034:57 1029:30 1018:56 1002:53 997:30 984:52 979:20 968:51 963:30 950:50 945:15 932:49 914:48 899:38 894:70 881:37 876:70 863:36 847:34 842:98 829:33 811:18 795:17 790:70 779:16 774:67 761:15 742:14 719:95 701:53 616:by 445:in 45:by 2944:: 2106:. 2082:. 2048:. 2021:. 2006:. 1994:. 1990:. 1941:^ 1922:62 1916:. 1894:^ 1877:. 1767:c. 1749:}} 1745:{{ 1635:}} 1631:{{ 1587:. 1530:. 1506:^ 1206:, 1202:, 1065:5 1013:2 927:/ 909:/ 855:/ 737:8 724:7 706:2 687:1 664:: 656:, 652:, 628:. 596:, 557:, 543:: 427:, 415:. 399:; 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