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the play's inauthentic portrayal of Jewish tradition, especially Yankl's use of the Torah, which they said Asch seemed to be using mostly for cheap effects; they also expressed concern over how it might stigmatize Jewish people who already faced much anti-Semitism. The association with Jews and sex work was a popular stereotype at the time. Other intellectuals criticized the writing itself, claiming that the second act was beautifully written but the first and third acts failed to support it.
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520:) in the winter of 1906 in Cologne, Germany. It is about a Jewish brothel owner who attempts to become respectable by commissioning a Torah scroll and marrying off his daughter to a yeshiva student. Set in a brothel, the play includes Jewish prostitutes and a lesbian scene. I. L. Peretz famously said of the play after reading it: "Burn it, Asch, burn it!" Instead, Asch went to Berlin to pitch it to director
412:). Frajda was Moszek's second wife; his first wife Rude Shmit died in 1873, leaving him with either six or seven children (the exact number is unknown). Sholem was the fourth of the ten children that Moszek and Frajda Malka had together. Moszek would spend all week on the road and return home every Friday in time for the Sabbath. He was known to be a very charitable man who would dispense money to the poor.
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where he loved to swim, where he was once cornered by boys wielding sticks and dogs, who demanded he admit to killing "Christ"–which Asch did not, at the time, know to be a name for Jesus–or they would rip his coat. He admitted to killing Christ out of fear, but they beat him and tore his coat anyway. Asch never lost his fear of dogs from that incident.
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Asch often wrote two kinds of characters: the pious Jew and the burly worker. This was inspired by his family, as his brothers dealt with peasants and butchers and fit in with the hardy outdoor Jews of Kutno, which Asch had much pride in. His older half-brothers, on the other hand, were pious
Hasidim.
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on
February 19, 1923, with a cast that included the acclaimed Jewish immigrant actor Rudolph Schildkraut. Its run was cut short on March 6, when the entire cast, producer Harry Weinberger, and one of the owners of the theater were indicted for violating the state's Penal Code, and later convicted on
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as "filthy," "immoral," and "indecent," while radical papers described it as "moral," "artistic," and "beautiful". Some of the more provocative scenes in the production were changed, but it wasn't enough for the
Orthodox papers. Even Yiddish intellectuals and the play's supporters had problems with
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at his desk writing. Due to his controversies, his funeral in London was small. His house in Bat Yam is now the Sholem Asch Museum and part of the MoBY-Museums of Bat Yam complex of three museums. The bulk of his library, containing rare
Yiddish books and manuscripts, as well as the manuscripts of
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to the House of Study, Sholem became aware of major social changes in popular Jewish thinking. New ideas and the
Enlightenment were asserting themselves in the Jewish world. At his friend's house, Sholem would explore these new ideas by secretly reading many secular books, which led him to believe
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Asch reflected on cosmopolitan interests and concern for the people and conditions he encountered. His fiction can mostly be put into three categories: tales, novels and plays of
Eastern European Jewish life (Polish mostly); tales and novels of Jewish life in America; five biblical novels: two on
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Many of Asch's father figures are inspired by his own father. Sholem was believed to have adopted much of his own philosophies from his father, such as his love for humanity and his concern for Jewish-Christian reconciliation. He summed up his father's faith as "love of God and love of neighbor".
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subjects. Despite accusations of conversion, Asch remained proudly Jewish; he had written the trilogy not as a promotion of
Christianity but as an attempt to bridge the gap between Jews and Christians. Much of his readership and the Jewish literary community, however, did not see it that way. His
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Asch returned to Poland in 1923, visiting
Germany frequently. The Yiddish literary circle hoped he would stay in Poland, because I. L. Peretz's death in 1915 had left them devoid of a head figure. Asch had no desire to take Peretz's place, moving to Bellevue, France after years and continuing to
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on his own time. Asch grew up in a majority Jewish town, so he grew up believing Jews were the majority in the rest of the world as well. In Kutno, Jews and gentiles mostly got along, barring some tension around religious holidays. He had to sneak through a majority gentile area to get to a lake
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One of Asch's major goals in his writing was to articulate Jewish life, past and present. He placed the Jew at the center of his every work, along with an awareness of the Jewish relationship with the outside world. Some of his most frequent recurring themes were: man's faith, goodness, and
814:(Jewish-Zionist pioneers in Palestine), and reflects his 1936 visit to that region. Asch visited Palestine again in 1936. Then, in 1939, he returned to Villa Shalom for the last time. He delayed leaving Europe until the last possible moment, then reluctantly returned to the United States.
787:). He then moved into a house outside of Nice and rebuilt it as the "Villa Shalom," with luxuries such as a study facing the sea, a swimming pool, a bowling green, and an orchard. In 1935, he visited America at the Joint Committee's request to raise funds for Jewish relief in Europe.
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figures in the Hebrew Bible and three on New
Testament figures. Smaller groupings included works on the Holocaust and modern Israel. His work was not easily categorized, and straddled the lines between romanticism and realism, naturalism and idealism.
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himself too worldly to become a rabbi. At age 17, his parents found out about this "profane" literature and sent him to live with relatives in a nearby village, where he became a Hebrew teacher. After a few months there, he received a more
593:: "This play libels the Jewish religion. Even the greatest anti-Semite could not have written such a thing". After a protracted battle, the conviction was successfully appealed. In Europe, the play was popular enough to be translated into
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Born into a
Hasidic family, Sholem Asch received a traditional Jewish education. Considered the designated scholar of his siblings, his parents dreamed of him becoming a rabbi and sent him to the town's best religious school (or
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On his second sojourn in the US, Asch first lived in Stamford, Connecticut, then moved to Miami Beach, where he stayed until the early 1950s. He offended Jewish sensibilities with his 1939–1949 trilogy,
685:. After a series of pogroms in Lithuania in 1919, Asch visited the country as representative of the Joint Committee, and he suffered a nervous breakdown due to the shock of the horrors he witnessed. His
729:, Warsaw, and Moscow. Ever the traveller, Asch took many trips to the Soviet Union, Palestine and the United States. He always held painters in high regard and formed close friendships with the like of
450:. It is also where he began writing. He attempted to master the short story and wrote in Hebrew. What he wrote there would later be revised, translated into Yiddish, and ultimately, launch his career.
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in 1907. The audience mostly came for Kessler, and they booed the rest of the cast. The New York production sparked a major press war between local Yiddish papers, led by the Orthodox
589:. Weinberger, who was also a prominent attorney, represented the group at the trial. The chief witness against the play was Rabbi Joseph Silberman, who declared in an interview with
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Asch became increasingly active in public life and played a prominent role in the American Jewry's relief efforts in Europe for Jewish war victims. He was a founding member of the
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In the pursuit of a safe haven from the violence in Europe, he and his family moved to the United States in 1914, moving around New York City for a while before settling in
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A marked-up typescript translation of a report from Asch is located in "Letter from Acting Manager to Mr. Albert Lucas" (Item ID 221283) in the online JDC Archives at
446:, where he supported himself as a letter writer for the illiterate townspeople. It is in Włocławek where he became enamored with the work of prominent Yiddish writer
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897:. Although many of his works are no longer read today, his best works have proven to be standards of Jewish and Yiddish literature. His sons were Moszek Asz/
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1950:
The #1 New York Times Best Seller: intriguing facts about the 484 books that have been #1 New York Times bestsellers since the first list, 50 years ago
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501:, an idyllic portrait of traditional Polish-Jewish life. In January 1905, he released the first play of his incredibly successful play-writing career,
425:), where the wealthy families sent their children. There, he spent most of his childhood studying the Talmud, and would later study the Bible and the
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a scathing criticism of Asch and his Christological trilogy that disgusted even some of Asch's strongest critics. Lieberman's book, and the
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678:, the mass-circulation Yiddish daily that had also covered his plays, a job provided both income and an intellectual circle.
779:, then almost immediately moved back to Poland and spent months touring the countryside to do research for his next novel:
482:, but Peretz convinced him to switch to Yiddish. Asch's reputation was established in 1902 with his first book of stories,
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opened on March 19, 1907 and ran for six months, and soon was translated and performed in a dozen European languages.
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generosity. He was repelled and intrigued by Christian violence, and inspired by Jewish martyrdom and survival.
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Asch was a celebrated writer in his own lifetime. In 1920, in honor of his 40th birthday, a committee headed by
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was published in English-language translation in 1918. In 1922, it was staged in New York City at the
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write regularly for Yiddish papers in the US and Poland. In Bellevue, he wrote his 1929–31 trilogy
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Congress for Jewish Culture. Feature-length (1:49) video on various aspects of his life and work.
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of 1908, which declared Yiddish to be "a national language of the Jewish people." He traveled to
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We Can Always Call Them Bulgarians: The Emergence of Lesbians and Gay Men on the American Stage
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Readings from the Bible - Old Testament: Compiled by Sholem Asch (Performed by Harry Fleetwood)
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1619:"Defending an 'Indecent' play: 'The God of Vengeance' in the Yale University Library archives"
745:. He spoke to the hundreds of mourners at Pascin's funeral after the painter died by suicide.
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Curtin, Kaier (1987). "The First Lesbian Character Ever Seen on an English-language Stage".
490:). In 1903, he married Mathilde Shapiro, the daughter of the Polish-Jewish teacher and poet
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A bust of Sholem Asch by Jacob Epstein, from the collection of the Israel Museum, Jerusalem
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Joseph and His Brothers: From In the Beginning by Sholem Asch (Performed by Arna Bontemps)
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In the Beginning: Bible Stories for Children by Sholem Asch (Performed by Arna Bontemps)
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1595:". English translation, by Chana Pollack, of the article that appeared in the Yiddish
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in 1908 and the United States in 1910, a place about which he felt deeply ambivalent.
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901:(2 December 1905, Warsaw – 19 October 1986, United States), the founder and head of
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where he met I. L. Peretz and other young writers under Peretz's mentorship such as
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Sholem Asch: A Statement and Lecture at Columbia University, N.Y. October, 1952
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Asch's Diamonds, A New Essay Collection Gives an Oft-neglected Master His Due
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In 1930, when Asch was at the height of his fame and popularity, he moved to
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published a 12-volume set of his collected works. In 1932 he was awarded the
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408:), a cattle-dealer and innkeeper, and Frajda Malka, née Widawska (born 1850,
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not only dropped him as a writer but also openly attacked him for promoting
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1861:"Sholem Asch, One Destiny: an Epistle to the Christians | Issue 22"
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Asch Wednesday 2021: A Celebration of the Life and Work of Sholem Asch
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The controversial Sholem Asch : an introduction to his fiction
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Nativity: Sholem Asch's Story of the Birth of Jesus (Performed by
909:(1902, Warsaw – 1964, United States), also a writer. His grandson
888:, in a house that the mayor had invited him to build, but died in
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Broadway Cast of ‘God Of Vengeance’ Arrested on Obscenity Charges
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2145:. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
1510:"Der Goṭ fun neḳome a drame in dray aḳṭen | Yiddish Book Center"
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Biographical article of Sholem Asch by Encyclopaedia Britannica
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The controversial Sholem Asch: an introduction to his fiction
1248:, 1949, novel, unrelated to his earlier work of the same name
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decoration and was elected honorary president of the Yiddish
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1607:. January 14, 2017. forward.com. Retrieved 2017-04-09.
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Mostly about Asch's controversial trilogy that began with
1214:, 1942, Published: London, George Rutledge & Sons, Ltd
845:. He subsequently started writing for a communist paper,
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In 1904, Asch released one of his most well-known works,
27:
Polish-American novelist, dramatist, essayist (1880-1957)
1705:"'Indecent' Pays Heartfelt Tribute to a Stage Scandal"
1988:"Sholem Asch's Yiddish drama God of Vengeance (1907)"
1775:"A Jewish festival in a town without Jews - BBC News"
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Jewish Classical Literature: Read by Chaim Ostrowsky
1110:(Berlin: Paul Zsolnay Verlag, 1931), pp. 35–77.
689:(1919), chronicling the anti-Jewish and anti-Polish
834:long-standing employer, New York Yiddish newspaper
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2175:20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
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1644:"'Indecent' Opens Yale Repertory Theater Season"
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478:(Jewish Enlightenment), Asch initially wrote in
365:; 1 November 1880 – 10 July 1957), also written
1542:trans. Isaac Goldberg (Boston: Stratford, 1918)
725:) describes early 20th century Jewish life in
1981:. Yale University Library Judaica Collection.
1392:. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
1952:, Berkeley: Ten Speed Press, 1992. pp. 21–27
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1083:), 1922, play (translated into English 2021)
1051:, 1919 (translated into English 1926), novel
1045:, 1918 (translated into English 1938), novel
683:American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
528:, who produced it at the Deutsches Theater.
2275:Yiddish-language dramatists and playwrights
1499:(Berlin: Paul Zsolnay Verlag, 1931), p. 67.
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64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2235:Jewish American dramatists and playwrights
1990:. All About Jewish Theater. Archived from
1438:. Bowling Green University Popular Press.
433:In his adolescence, after moving from the
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1224:One Destiny: An Epistle to the Christians
876:Asch spent most of his last two years in
854:House Committee on Un-American Activities
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
2230:American people of Polish-Jewish descent
2215:American male dramatists and playwrights
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1232:, 1946, spent more than 6 months on the
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203:of all important aspects of the article.
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1190:), 1938 (translated into English, 1939)
951:("The Village"), 1904 or earlier, story
852:leading to repeated questioning by the
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2260:Polish male dramatists and playwrights
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1061:), 1919 (translated into English 1930)
654:Czernowitz Yiddish Language Conference
199:Please consider expanding the lead to
2255:Polish emigrants to the United States
1656:from the original on October 19, 2015
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672:. In New York, he began to write for
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1799:"Oration honouring Dr. Michael Asch"
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2116:"Workbook" on the Asch-Howe Quarrel
1642:Gold, Sylviane (October 15, 2015).
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697:and Poland, is one of the earliest
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318:Szalom Asz, Shalom Asch, Shalom Ash
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2190:20th-century American male writers
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1773:Mazower, David (7 December 2014).
893:some of his own works, is held at
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1831:. Yiddish Book Center. 2011-02-28
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1236:(1946–7) including one week at #1
637:that recounts the controversy of
376:, dramatist, and essayist in the
45:This article has multiple issues.
2205:20th-century Polish male writers
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1985:
1703:Brantley, Ben (April 18, 2017).
1523:The Strange Story of Sholom Asch
862:The Christianity of Sholem Asch,
798:), is set in Germany during the
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2195:20th-century American novelists
2180:20th-century American essayists
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1926:East River: A Novel of New York
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1737:http://search.archives.jdc.org/
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1234:New York Times Best Seller List
1065:Di Kishufmakherin fun Kastilien
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641:. It opened on Broadway at the
191:may be too short to adequately
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
2031:"Sholem Asch's Jewish Gospels"
2029:Goldman, Shalom (2018-12-24).
1750:"MoBY: Museums of Art - Visit"
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557:. Orthodox papers referred to
535:The play was first brought to
201:provide an accessible overview
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2210:20th-century Polish novelists
2046:Works by or about Sholem Asch
2011:Umansky, Ellen (2007-04-24).
1617:Cummings, Mike (2015-10-15).
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921:Inspirations and major themes
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392:Asch was born Szalom Asz in
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2071:(public domain audiobooks)
1495:Schalom Asch, "Rückblick,"
1106:Schalom Asch, "Rückblick,"
1101:The Return of Khaym Lederer
645:in April 2017, directed by
10:
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2185:20th-century American Jews
2126:Sara Blacher-Retter reads
1681:Internet Broadway Database
1097:Khaym Lederers Tsurikkumen
752:Sholem Asch as a young man
633:is a 2015 play written by
2245:Jewish American novelists
2240:Jewish American essayists
2004:The Columbia Encyclopedia
1603:) on March 7, 1923.
1563:. Boston, Massachusetts:
1120:) 1929–31, translated as
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2200:20th-century Polish Jews
2110:The Jewish Daily Forward
1849:Siegel (1976), p. 63 ff.
1390:Sholem Asch reconsidered
1043:Onkl Mozes (Uncle Moses)
2225:American male novelists
2220:American male essayists
2080:Sholem Asch Discography
1529:, November 4, 1943. p.7
1388:Stahl, Nanette (2004).
1165:, 1937, translated as:
1140:, 1934, translated as:
705:. In 1920, he became a
400:, to Moszek Asz (1825,
1264:A Passage in the Night
1202:1941, essay, 201 pages
1188:The Song of the Valley
961:), 1904 novel and play
808:The Song of the Valley
753:
709:of the United States.
492:Menahem Mendel Shapiro
362:
2270:Polish male novelists
2265:Polish male essayists
1540:The God of Vengeance,
1473:"YIVO | Asch, Sholem"
1242:, 1948, short stories
1208:, 1942, short stories
794:(1937, translated as
751:
551:and even the secular
512:Asch wrote the drama
458:In 1899, he moved to
2084:Smithsonian Folkways
2065:Works by Sholem Asch
2055:Works by Sholem Asch
1903:"One Destiny Part 2"
1882:"One Destiny Part 1"
1477:yivoencyclopedia.org
1434:Siegel, Ben (1976).
1070:The Witch of Castile
693:in mid-17th century
691:Chmielnicki Uprising
570:Provincetown Theatre
484:In a shlekhter tsayt
474:. Influenced by the
95:improve this article
1809:on November 9, 2018
1565:Alyson Publications
1206:Children of Abraham
979:Time of the Messiah
707:naturalized citizen
576:, and moved to the
526:Rudolph Schildkraut
472:Hersh Dovid Nomberg
380:who settled in the
2143:Sholem Asch Papers
1971:YIVO encyclopaedia
1710:The New York Times
1649:The New York Times
1525:, Bernard Lerner.
1240:Tales of My People
1184:Dos Gezang fun Tol
1157:The Calf of Papers
1027:The Way to Oneself
804:Dos Gezang fun Tol
790:Asch's next work,
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731:Isaac Lichtenstein
703:Yiddish literature
664:Later adult career
652:Asch attended the
2250:People from Kutno
2006:(sixth ed.).
1905:. Petahtikvah.com
1884:. Petahtikvah.com
1717:on April 19, 2017
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1212:My Personal Faith
1077:Der Toyter Mensch
1001:Reb Shloyme Nogid
866:McCarthy Hearings
829:which dealt with
766:Polonia Restituta
699:historical novels
574:Greenwich Village
440:liberal education
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1339:Folkways Records
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1315:Folkways Records
1305:Folkways Records
1295:Folkways Records
1118:Before the Flood
1023:Der Veg tsu Zikh
989:God of Vengeance
975:Moshiakhs tsaytn
943:
905:, and Natan Asz/
903:Folkways Records
899:Moses "Moe" Asch
872:Death and legacy
727:Saint Petersburg
721:, translated as
719:Before the Flood
647:Rebecca Taichman
639:God of Vengeance
566:God of Vengeance
559:God of Vengeance
530:God of Vengeance
518:God of Vengeance
378:Yiddish language
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1960:Further reading
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1829:"David Mazower"
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1358:
1287:
1282:
1151:The War Goes On
1138:Der T'hilim Yid
1049:Kiddush ha-Shem
1037:Motke the Thief
1011:Motke the Thief
985:Got fun Nekomeh
959:With the Stream
940:
923:
895:Yale University
874:
858:Chaim Lieberman
848:Morgen frayhayt
810:) is about the
781:Der tehilim-yid
762:Polish Republic
758:Judah L. Magnes
687:Kiddush ha-Shem
666:
456:
454:Young adulthood
418:
398:Congress Poland
390:
340:
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294:
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275:Congress Poland
268:
267:1 November 1880
266:
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186:This article's
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2107:, a review in
2102:Alyssa Quint,
2099:
2086:
2077:
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2052:
2041:
2040:External links
2038:
2037:
2036:
2026:
2019:on 2010-01-12.
2008:
2000:"Asch, Sholem"
1996:
1994:on 2012-12-09.
1986:Bell, June D.
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1200:What I Believe
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1132:God's Captives
1128:Gots Gefangene
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1094:
1091:Death Sentence
1084:
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915:anthropologist
873:
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802:of the 1920s.
800:hyperinflation
665:
662:
578:Apollo Theatre
514:Got fun nekome
468:Abraham Reisen
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2132:A dorf-tsadik
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1979:"Sholem Asch"
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1967:"Sholem Asch"
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1260:, 1951, novel
1259:
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1253:
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1238:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1220:, 1943, novel
1219:
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1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1196:, 1939, novel
1195:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1174:, 1937, novel
1173:
1170:
1168:
1167:The Precipice
1164:
1163:Bayrn Opgrunt
1161:
1159:, 1936, novel
1158:
1155:
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1039:), 1917, play
1038:
1034:
1031:
1029:), 1917, play
1028:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1003:, 1913, novel
1002:
999:
997:, 1913, novel
996:
993:
991:), 1907, play
990:
986:
983:
981:), 1906, play
980:
976:
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966:
965:Tsurikgekumen
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831:New Testament
828:
824:
821:
820:The Nazarene,
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
796:The Precipice
793:
792:Bayrn Opgrunt
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670:Staten Island
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555:
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546:
545:David Kessler
542:
541:United States
538:
537:New York City
533:
531:
527:
523:
522:Max Reinhardt
519:
515:
510:
508:
504:
503:Tsurikgekumen
500:
495:
493:
489:
488:In a Bad Time
485:
481:
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451:
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388:Life and work
385:
383:
382:United States
379:
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371:Polish-Jewish
368:
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336:
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309:Polish-Jewish
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151:December 2014
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112: –
111:
110:"Sholem Asch"
107:
106:Find sources:
100:
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84:This article
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65:
58:
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51:
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2108:
2103:
2098:, 313 pages.
2096:Google Books
2089:
2088:Ben Siegel,
2023:The Nazarene
2022:
2017:the original
2003:
1992:the original
1970:
1949:
1941:
1930:. Retrieved
1925:
1918:
1907:. Retrieved
1897:
1886:. Retrieved
1876:
1865:. Retrieved
1855:
1844:
1833:. Retrieved
1823:
1811:. Retrieved
1807:the original
1802:
1793:
1782:. Retrieved
1778:
1768:
1757:. Retrieved
1753:
1744:
1731:
1719:. Retrieved
1715:the original
1708:
1698:
1686:. Retrieved
1679:
1670:
1658:. Retrieved
1647:
1637:
1626:. Retrieved
1622:
1612:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1587:
1558:
1539:
1538:Sholom Ash,
1534:
1527:The Sentinel
1526:
1518:
1504:
1496:
1491:
1480:. Retrieved
1476:
1435:
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1320:
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1269:
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1199:
1194:The Nazarene
1193:
1187:
1183:
1178:Three Novels
1177:
1171:
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1162:
1156:
1150:
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1137:
1131:
1127:
1122:Three Cities
1121:
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1100:
1096:
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1081:The Dead Man
1080:
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1036:
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1026:
1022:
1019:, 1917, play
1016:
1010:
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988:
984:
978:
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968:
964:
958:
954:
948:
938:Bibliography
932:
928:
924:
911:Michael Asch
875:
861:
846:
843:Christianity
835:
826:
823:The Apostle,
822:
819:
816:
811:
807:
803:
795:
791:
789:
784:
780:
774:
755:
743:Jules Pascin
735:Marc Chagall
723:Three Cities
722:
718:
714:
711:
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667:
651:
643:Cort Theater
638:
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464:David Pinski
457:
448:I. L. Peretz
434:
432:
422:
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391:
366:
346:
345:
291:(1957-07-10)
289:10 July 1957
222:
209:January 2022
206:
190:
188:lead section
157:
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
18:Scholem Asch
2170:1957 deaths
2165:1880 births
1813:January 20,
1754:moby.org.il
1688:11 November
1567:. pp.
1323:Pete Seeger
1285:Discography
1270:The Prophet
1218:The Apostle
1033:Motke Ganev
1007:Motke Ganev
969:Coming Back
955:Mitn Shtrom
907:Nathan Asch
856:. In 1953,
715:Farn Mabul.
635:Paula Vogel
585:charges of
507:Coming Back
347:Sholem Asch
323:Occupations
305:Nationality
242:Sholem Asch
2159:Categories
2059:Faded Page
1932:2012-03-15
1909:2012-03-15
1888:2012-03-15
1867:2012-03-15
1835:2016-12-15
1784:2016-12-15
1759:2017-10-17
1676:"Indecent"
1628:2024-09-03
1482:2024-09-03
1445:087972076X
1399:0845731521
1356:References
1230:East River
1172:The Mother
1114:Farn Mabul
1059:The Mother
860:published
739:Emil Orlik
701:in modern
524:and actor
416:Upbringing
367:Shalom Ash
363:Szalom Asz
264:Szalom Asz
121:newspapers
50:improve it
1946:John Bear
1252:Salvation
1142:Salvation
1116:trilogy (
785:Salvation
658:Palestine
623:Norwegian
587:obscenity
549:Tageplatt
444:Włocławek
334:dramatist
299:, England
193:summarize
56:talk page
2069:LibriVox
2061:(Canada)
1779:BBC News
1721:11 April
1660:11 April
1654:Archived
1623:YaleNews
1601:Forverts
1497:Jahrbuch
1408:54279902
1108:Jahrbuch
1055:Di Muter
949:A Shtetl
882:Tel Aviv
837:Forverts
812:halutzim
770:PEN Club
675:Forverts
630:Indecent
619:Romanian
591:Forverts
582:Broadway
554:Forverts
499:A shtetl
476:Haskalah
427:Haggadah
404:– 1905,
374:novelist
369:, was a
355:שלום אַש
337:essayist
330:Novelist
2048:at the
1605:Forward
1597:Forward
1454:2594407
1351:, 1977)
1341:, 1972)
1331:, 1963)
1317:, 1960)
1307:, 1955)
1297:, 1955)
1134:), 1933
1103:), 1927
1093:), 1924
1073:), 1921
971:), 1905
878:Bat Yam
695:Ukraine
611:Italian
599:Russian
410:Łęczyca
351:Yiddish
135:scholar
1803:Mun.ca
1684:. 2017
1575:
1452:
1442:
1406:
1396:
1276:
1272:, 1955
1266:, 1953
1254:, 1951
1226:, 1945
1180:, 1938
1153:, 1935
1124:, 1933
1087:Urteyl
913:is an
890:London
886:Israel
741:, and
607:Hebrew
603:Polish
595:German
480:Hebrew
470:, and
460:Warsaw
435:cheder
423:cheder
359:Polish
297:London
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
1571:–42.
1258:Moses
880:near
827:Mary,
615:Czech
406:Kutno
402:Gąbin
394:Kutno
271:Kutno
142:JSTOR
128:books
2130:and
1815:2020
1723:2020
1690:2017
1662:2020
1573:ISBN
1450:OCLC
1440:ISBN
1404:OCLC
1394:ISBN
1246:Mary
1017:Mary
995:Mary
825:and
777:Nice
621:and
286:Died
260:Born
114:news
2094:at
2082:at
2067:at
2057:at
764:'s
580:on
572:in
543:by
509:).
442:at
97:by
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1969:.
1948:,
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1678:.
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1664:.
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1599:(
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139:·
132:·
125:·
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66:)
62:(
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