28:
20:
226:. However, other findings cite the distance at which this supernova occurred at more than 100 parsec, maintaining that it is not likely not to have contributed to this extinction through the mechanism of what is known as the ultra-violet B (UV-B) catastrophe. In 2019, researchers found interstellar iron in Antarctica which they relate to the
129:), and the total stellar population in each of the three subgroups is probably of the order 1000–2000. The Sco–Cen OB association appears to be the most pronounced part of a large complex of recent (<20 million years) and ongoing star-formation. The complex contains several star-forming molecular clouds in Sco–Cen's immediate vicinity—the
1190:
Mann, Andrew W.; Wood, Mackenna L.; Schmidt, Stephen P.; Barber, Madyson G.; Owen, James E.; Tofflemire, Benjamin M.; Newton, Elisabeth R.; Mamajek, Eric E.; Bush, Jonathan L.; Mace, Gregory N.; Kraus, Adam L.; Thao, Pa Chia; Vanderburg, Andrew; Llama, Joe; Johns-Krull, Christopher M. (2022-04-01).
234:
1122:
Mann, Andrew W.; Newton, Elisabeth R.; Rizzuto, Aaron C.; Irwin, Jonathan; Feiden, Gregory A.; Gaidos, Eric; Mace, Gregory N.; Kraus, Adam L.; James, David J.; Ansdell, Megan; Charbonneau, David; Covey, Kevin R.; Ireland, Michael J.; Jaffe, Daniel T.; Johnson, Marshall C. (2016-09-01).
1250:
Rizzuto, Aaron C.; Newton, Elisabeth R.; Mann, Andrew W.; Tofflemire, Benjamin M.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Kraus, Adam L.; Wood, Mackenna L.; Quinn, Samuel N.; Zhou, George; Thao, Pa Chia; Law, Nicholas M.; Ziegler, Carl; Briceño, César (2020-07-01).
1310:
Keppler, M.; Benisty, M.; Müller, A.; Henning, Th.; van Boekel, R.; Cantalloube, F.; Ginski, C.; van
Holstein, R. G.; Maire, A. -L.; Pohl, A.; Samland, M.; Avenhaus, H.; Baudino, J. -L.; Boccaletti, A.; de Boer, J. (2018-09-01).
223:
496:
Mark J. Pecaut; Eric E. Mamajek & Eric J. Bubar (February 2012). "A Revised Age for Upper
Scorpius and the Star Formation History among the F-type Members of the Scorpius–Centaurus OB Association".
82:
The Sco–Cen subgroups range in age from 11 million years (Upper
Scorpius) to roughly 15 million years (Upper Centaurus–Lupus and Lower Centaurus–Crux). Many of the bright
157:
cloud complexes (all at distances of ~120-200 parsecs), and several less populous, young stellar groups on the periphery of Sco–Cen, including the ~3–5 million-year-old
346:
242:
846:
Fields, Brian D.; Hochmuth, Kathrin A.; Ellis, John (2005). "Deep-Ocean Crusts as
Telescopes: Using Live Radioisotopes to Probe Supernova Nucleosynthesis".
376:
Melnik, A. M.; Dambis, A. K. (2020). "Distance scale for high-luminosity stars in OB associations and in field with Gaia DR2. Spurious systematic motions".
192:. The dispersion of the velocities within the subgroups are only of order 1–2 km/s, and the group is most likely gravitationally unbound. Several
79:
data has brought the number of known members to 436. The cluster shows a continuous spread of stars with no apparent need for subclassification.
429:
Rizzuto, Aaron; Ireland, Michael; Robertson, J. G. (October 2011), "Multidimensional
Bayesian membership analysis of the Sco OB2 moving group",
214:
in deep ocean ferromanganese crusts and in biogenic magnetite crystals within
Pacific Ocean sediments it has been hypothesized that a nearby
1376:
1193:"TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME). VI. An 11 Myr Giant Planet Transiting a Very-low-mass Star in Lower Centaurus Crux"
1125:"Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT). III. A Short-period Planet Orbiting a Pre-main-sequence Star in the Upper Scorpius OB Association"
686:
Madsen, S.; et al. (2002). "Astrometric radial velocities. III. Hipparcos measurements of nearby star clusters and associations".
1095:
482:
67:
is composed of three subgroups (Upper
Scorpius, Upper Centaurus–Lupus, and Lower Centaurus–Crux) and its distance is about 130
188:
per year, indicative that the stars have nearly parallel velocity vectors, moving at about 20 km/s with respect to the
1253:"TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME). II. A 17 Myr Old Transiting Hot Jupiter in the Sco-Cen Association"
293:
1082:
1396:
162:
1381:
1068:
633:
Mamajek, E.E.; Meyer, M.R. & Liebert, James (2002). "Post-T Tauri Stars in the
Nearest OB Association".
158:
351:
170:
130:
56:
960:
Cockell, CS (1999). "Crises and extinction in the fossil record—A role for ultraviolet radiation?".
227:
899:
Benítez, N.; Maíz-Apellániz, J.; Canelles M. (2005). "Evidence for nearby supernova explosions".
356:
246:
555:
Preibisch, T.; Mamajek, E. (2009). "The
Nearest OB Association: Scorpius-Centaurus (Sco OB2)".
122:
771:"Time-resolved 2-million-year-old supernova activity discovered in Earth's microfossil record"
1313:"Discovery of a planetary-mass companion within the gap of the transition disk around PDS 70"
166:
146:
94:
1338:
752:
709:
399:
196:
have exploded in Sco–Cen over the past 15 million years, leaving a network of expanding gas
1334:
1274:
1214:
1146:
1012:
969:
918:
865:
792:
748:
739:
de Geus, E.J. (1992). "Interaction of Stars and
Interstellar Matter in Scorpio Centaurus".
705:
652:
605:
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250:
8:
64:
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468:
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800:
713:
660:
613:
524:
456:
403:
150:
1347:
1312:
930:
717:
258:
117:
have been identified as members of Sco-Cen, with masses ranging from roughly 15
1287:
1252:
1227:
1192:
845:
407:
181:
110:
36:
27:
981:
1401:
1370:
1356:
1296:
1236:
1168:
814:
333:
328:
323:
201:
87:
32:
805:
594:"Exploring the Full Stellar Population of the Upper Scorpius OB Association"
1064:
1042:
938:
832:
297:
270:
262:
126:
495:
276:
The subgroups of the Scorpius-Centaurus association contains the youngest
109:(the most massive member of Upper Scorpius), and most of the stars in the
913:
860:
700:
647:
289:
208:
197:
134:
898:
1033:
285:
193:
185:
142:
138:
118:
72:
632:
23:
Map of the area containing stars of the Scorpius–Centaurus association
238:
215:
98:
76:
211:
1329:
1269:
1209:
1141:
877:
787:
664:
618:
593:
390:
154:
90:
569:
511:
443:
313:
233:
174:
106:
1065:"ESO telescopes help uncover largest group of rogue planets yet"
301:
281:
180:
The stellar members of the Sco–Cen association have convergent
68:
1003:
Koll, D.; et., al. (2019). "Interstellar 60Fe in Antarctica".
318:
230:, which might have been formed near the Sco-Cen association.
19:
336:
is a runaway star that likely originated in the association.
1309:
1249:
254:
114:
102:
83:
219:
189:
60:
554:
428:
1121:
1189:
347:
List of nearby stellar associations and moving groups
222:'s vicinity roughly 3 million years ago, causing the
273:were discovered in the Upper Scorpius association.
764:
762:
105:are members of the Sco–Cen association, including
996:
431:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1368:
218:, possibly a member of Sco–Cen, exploded in the
775:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
759:
550:
548:
546:
224:Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary marine extinction
738:
591:
543:
422:
375:
173:, and possibly the ~30–50 million-year-old
685:
1346:
1328:
1286:
1268:
1226:
1208:
1158:
1140:
1032:
912:
859:
822:
804:
786:
699:
646:
617:
568:
510:
442:
389:
232:
26:
18:
1057:
1002:
959:
1369:
768:
489:
369:
769:Ludwig, Peter; et al. (2016).
592:Preibisch, T.; et al. (2002).
16:The nearest OB association to Earth
13:
481:: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
14:
1413:
1100:exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu
557:Handbook of Star-Forming Regions
461:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19256.x
307:
269:In December 2021, around 70 new
200:around the group, including the
1303:
1243:
1183:
1115:
1088:
953:
892:
839:
1377:Scorpius–Centaurus association
1025:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.072701
732:
679:
626:
585:
378:Astrophysics and Space Science
163:Eta Chamaeleontis moving group
45:Scorpius–Centaurus association
1:
1069:European Southern Observatory
931:10.1103/physrevlett.88.081101
362:
741:Astronomy & Astrophysics
688:Astronomy & Astrophysics
292:(17 Myrs). It also contains
121:(Antares) down to below the
7:
1348:10.1051/0004-6361/201832957
529:10.1088/0004-637X/746/2/154
340:
207:To explain the presence of
184:of approximately 0.02–0.04
159:Epsilon Chamaeleontis group
10:
1418:
1317:Astronomy and Astrophysics
1160:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/61
718:10.1051/0004-6361:20011458
408:10.1007/s10509-020-03827-0
294:directly imaged exoplanets
171:Beta Pictoris moving group
75:. Analysis using improved
39:, with Sco-Cen on the left
982:10.1017/S0094837300026518
31:Main associations of the
1288:10.3847/1538-3881/ab94b7
1257:The Astronomical Journal
1228:10.3847/1538-3881/ac511d
1197:The Astronomical Journal
1129:The Astronomical Journal
228:Local Interstellar Cloud
1339:2018A&A...617A..44K
1005:Physical Review Letters
806:10.1073/pnas.1601040113
753:1992A&A...262..258D
710:2002A&A...381..446M
400:2020Ap&SS.365..112M
357:Ursa Major Moving Group
352:β Pictoris moving group
169:, ~12 million-year-old
266:
165:, ~8 million-year-old
161:, ~7 million-year-old
123:hydrogen-burning limit
40:
24:
1397:Lupus (constellation)
499:Astrophysical Journal
278:transiting exoplanets
236:
167:TW Hydrae association
30:
22:
1382:Stellar associations
1110:as of September 2022
635:Astronomical Journal
598:Astronomical Journal
243:stellar associations
1279:2020AJ....160...33R
1219:2022AJ....163..156M
1151:2016AJ....152...61M
1096:"Planetary Systems"
1017:2019PhRvL.123g2701K
974:1999Pbio...25..212C
923:2002PhRvL..88h1101B
870:2005ApJ...621..902F
797:2016PNAS..113.9232L
657:2002AJ....124.1670M
610:2002AJ....124..404P
579:2008hsf2.book..235P
521:2012ApJ...746..154P
453:2011MNRAS.416.3108R
65:stellar association
1081:See also attached
1071:. 22 December 2021
267:
47:(sometimes called
41:
25:
781:(33): 9232–9237.
55:) is the nearest
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914:astro-ph/0201018
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861:astro-ph/0410525
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701:astro-ph/0110617
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648:astro-ph/0205417
641:(3): 1670–1694.
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237:Close up on the
151:Corona Australis
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901:Phys. Rev. Lett
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1083:research paper
1056:
995:
968:(2): 212–225.
952:
891:
878:10.1086/427797
838:
758:
731:
694:(2): 446–463.
678:
665:10.1086/341952
625:
619:10.1086/341174
604:(1): 404–416.
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437:(4): 3108–17,
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298:UScoCTIO 108 b
288:(11 Myrs) and
182:proper motions
177:open cluster.
113:. Hundreds of
111:Southern Cross
88:constellations
57:OB association
37:galactic plane
15:
9:
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1011:(7): 072701.
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907:(8): 081101.
906:
902:
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862:
857:
854:(2): 902–07.
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334:Zeta Ophiuchi
332:
330:
329:Beta Centauri
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
311:
308:Notable stars
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
272:
271:rogue planets
265:with Sco-Cen.
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
241:, with major
240:
235:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
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210:
205:
203:
202:Loop I Bubble
199:
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33:Solar antapex
29:
21:
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1316:
1305:
1260:
1256:
1245:
1200:
1196:
1185:
1132:
1128:
1117:
1109:
1103:. Retrieved
1099:
1090:
1073:. Retrieved
1059:
1008:
1004:
998:
965:
962:Paleobiology
961:
955:
904:
900:
894:
851:
848:Astrophys. J
847:
841:
778:
774:
744:
740:
734:
691:
687:
681:
638:
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628:
601:
597:
587:
560:
556:
502:
498:
491:
434:
430:
424:
381:
377:
371:
275:
268:
263:Local Bubble
251:dark nebulae
206:
198:superbubbles
179:
127:brown dwarfs
119:solar masses
81:
52:
48:
44:
42:
35:half of the
1075:22 December
1034:1885/298253
747:: 258–270.
290:HIP 67522 b
284:(11 Myrs),
209:radioactive
135:Pipe Nebula
73:light-years
1371:Categories
1330:1806.11568
1270:2005.00013
1210:2110.09531
1203:(4): 156.
1142:1604.06165
1105:2022-09-12
788:1710.09573
505:(2): 154.
391:2006.14649
384:(7): 112.
363:References
286:TOI-1227 b
249:(red) and
245:(yellow),
194:supernovae
186:arcseconds
143:Chamaeleon
139:Barnard 68
1392:Centaurus
1357:0004-6361
1297:0004-6256
1263:(1): 33.
1237:0004-6256
1169:0004-6256
1135:(3): 61.
1051:201868513
990:132108580
815:0027-8424
570:0809.0407
537:118461108
512:1112.1695
444:1106.2857
416:220128144
261:from the
239:Orion Arm
216:supernova
99:Centaurus
77:Hipparcos
1387:Scorpius
1043:31491090
947:41229823
939:11863949
886:17932224
833:27503888
726:17596452
673:16855894
477:citation
469:54510608
341:See also
304:system.
300:and the
296:such as
259:coreward
155:Coalsack
91:Scorpius
1335:Bibcode
1323:: A44.
1275:Bibcode
1215:Bibcode
1177:6552081
1147:Bibcode
1013:Bibcode
970:Bibcode
919:Bibcode
866:Bibcode
824:4995991
793:Bibcode
749:Bibcode
706:Bibcode
653:Bibcode
606:Bibcode
575:Bibcode
517:Bibcode
449:Bibcode
396:Bibcode
314:Antares
282:K2-33 b
247:nebulae
175:IC 2602
131:Rho Oph
107:Antares
86:in the
71:or 420
69:parsecs
63:. This
59:to the
53:Sco OB2
49:Sco–Cen
1355:
1295:
1235:
1175:
1167:
1049:
1041:
988:
945:
937:
884:
831:
821:
813:
724:
671:
535:
467:
414:
324:Mimosa
302:PDS 70
153:, and
125:(i.e.
101:, and
1325:arXiv
1265:arXiv
1205:arXiv
1173:S2CID
1137:arXiv
1047:S2CID
986:S2CID
943:S2CID
909:arXiv
882:S2CID
856:arXiv
783:arXiv
722:S2CID
696:arXiv
669:S2CID
643:arXiv
565:arXiv
563:: 0.
533:S2CID
507:arXiv
465:S2CID
439:arXiv
412:S2CID
386:arXiv
319:Acrux
147:Lupus
115:stars
95:Lupus
84:stars
1402:Crux
1353:ISSN
1293:ISSN
1233:ISSN
1165:ISSN
1077:2021
1039:PMID
935:PMID
829:PMID
811:ISSN
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