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ascended in middle age at 53 in 1390, and suffered lasting damage in a horse-riding accident. These two were followed by a series of regencies, caused by the youth of the succeeding five boy kings. Consequently, the
Stewart era saw periods of royal inertia, during which the nobles usurped power from the crown, followed by periods of personal rule by the monarch, during which he or she would attempt to address the issues created by their minority and the long-term effects of previous reigns. Governing Scotland became increasingly difficult, as the powerful nobility became increasingly intractable. James I's attempts to curb the disorder of the realm ended in his assassination. James III was killed in a civil war between himself and the nobility, led by his son. When James IV, who had governed sternly and suppressed the aristocrats, died in the Battle of Flodden, his wife Margaret Tudor, who had been nominated regent for their young son James V, was unseated by noble feuding, and James V's wife, Mary of Guise, succeeded in ruling Scotland during the regency for her young daughter Mary I only by dividing and conquering the noble factions, distributing French bribes with a liberal hand. Finally, Mary I, the daughter of James V, found herself unable to govern Scotland faced with the surliness of the aristocracy and the intransigence of the population, who favored Calvinism and disapproved of her Catholicism. She was forced to abdicate, and fled to England, where she was imprisoned in various castles and manor houses for eighteen years and finally executed for treason against the English queen Elizabeth I. Upon her abdication, her son, fathered by
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revealed and contained in the New and Old
Testament; and according to the same Word shall maintain the true Religion of Christ Jesus, the preaching of his Holy Word, and the due and right Ministration of the Sacraments, now received and preached within the Realm of Scotland; and shall abolish and gainstand all false Religion contrary to the same, and shall rule the People committed to our Charge, according to the Will and Command of God, revealed in his aforesaid Word, and according to the laudable Laws and Constitutions received in this Realm, no ways repugnant to the said Word of the Eternal God; and shall procure, to the utmost of our power, to the Kirk of God, and whole Christian People, true and perfect Peace in all time coming. That we shall preserve and keep inviolated the Rights and Rents, with all just Privileges of the Crown of Scotland, neither shall we transfer nor alienate the same; that we shall forbid and repress in all Estates and Degrees, Reif, Oppression and all kind of Wrong. And we shall command and procure, that Justice and Equity in all Judgments be kept to all Persons without exception, us the Lord and Father of all Mercies shall be merciful to us. And we shall be careful to root out all Heretics and Enemies to the true Worship of God, that shall be convicted by the true Kirk of God, of the aforesaid Crimes, out of our Lands and Empire of Scotland. And we faithfully affirm the Things above-written by our solemn Oath.
1974:
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315:
267:
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56:
291:
279:
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303:
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2966:, daughter of James VII. Anne had multiple children but none of these survived her, leaving as her heir her half-brother, James, then living in exile in France. The English favored the Protestant Sophia of Hanover (a granddaughter of James VI) as heir. Many Scots preferred Prince James, who as a Stuart was a Scot by ancestry, and threatened to break the Union of Crowns between England and Scotland by choosing him for themselves. To preserve the union, the English elaborated a plan whereby the two Kingdoms of Scotland and England would merge into a single Kingdom, the
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1836:. Shortly after in 1306, Robert was crowned King of Scots at Scone. Robert Bruce was then hunted down for his crime of murder, and subsequently, he escaped to the outskirt islands, leaving the country completely leaderless, and the English invaded once again. Bruce returned a year later and gained support for his cause. His energy, and the corresponding replacement of the vigorous Edward I with his weaker son Edward II in 1307, allowed Scotland to free itself from English rule. At the
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Scotland were ended by their merging as the
Kingdom of Great Britain. In 1715, a year after the death of his half-sister, Queen Anne, and the accession of their cousin George of Hanover, James landed in Scotland and attempted to claim the throne. He failed and was forced to flee back to the Continent. A second attempt by his son Charles, on behalf of his father, in 1745–6, also failed. Both James's children died without legitimate issue, bringing the Stuart family to an end.
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3548:, now received and practised within this Realm; and shall abolish and oppose all false Religion contrary to the same; and shall rule the People committed to my Charge, according to the Will and Command of God, revealed in his foresaid Word, and according to the lovable Laws and Constitutions received in this Realm, in no way repugnant to the said Word of the Eternal, my God; and shall procure to my utmost to the
2970:, ruled by a common monarch, and with a single Parliament. Both national parliaments agreed to this (the Scots albeit reluctantly, motivated primarily by the national finances), and some subterfuge as a total majority of signatories were needed to ratify the Scottish parliament's assent, bribes, and payments. Thereafter, although monarchs continued to rule over the nation of Scotland, they did so first as
1845:, son of King John, who managed to get himself crowned (1332–1356) and to give away Scotland's southern counties to England before being driven out again. David spent much of his life in exile, first in freedom with his ally, France, and then in prison in England. He was only able to return to Scotland in 1357. Upon his death, childless, in 1371, the House of Bruce came to an end.
1084:
Malcolm III's sons from
Scotland. A civil war in the family ensued, with Donald III and Malcolm III's son Edmund opposed by Malcolm III's English-backed sons, led first by Duncan II and then by Edgar. Edgar triumphed, sending his uncle and brother to monasteries. After the reign of David I, the Scottish throne was passed according to rules of
2058:
David returned from exile in 1341 to rule in his own right, Edward lost most of his support. When David II was captured in battle in 1346, Edward made one last attempt to seize the throne for himself but had little support and the campaign fizzled before it gained much traction. In 1356 he renounced all claims to the throne.
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of God and whole
Christian people true and perfect Peace in all times coming; the Rights and Rents, with all just privileges of the Crown of Scotland, I shall preserve and keep inviolate, neither shall I transfer nor alienate the same; I shall forbid and repress in all Estates and all Degrees theft,
3357:
succeeded to the
English throne. Although described as a Union of Crowns, before the Acts of Union of 1707, the crowns of the two separate kingdoms had rested on the same head. Three unsuccessful attempts (in 1606, 1667, and 1689) were made to unite the two kingdoms by Acts of Parliament, but it was
2152:
Robert the
Stewart was a grandson of Robert I by the latter's daughter, Marjorie. Having been born in 1316, he was older than his uncle, David II. Consequently, he was at his accession a middle-aged man, already 55, and unable to reign vigorously, a problem also faced by his son Robert III, who also
1083:
In a series of battles between 1057 and 1058, Duncan's son
Malcolm III defeated and killed Macbeth and Macbeth's stepson and heir Lulach, claiming the throne. The dynastic feuds did not end there: on Malcolm III's death in battle, his brother Donald III, known as "Bán", claimed the throne, expelling
1534:
longer refer to the "king whosoever he may be", indicating that the throne may have been regarded as already occupied by
Margaret. In modern historiography she is nearly unanimously called "queen", and reference books give 19 March 1286, the date of Alexander III's death, as the start of her reign.
4570:
in Gaelic orthography; Eadwulf would perhaps be Idulb, hence that form is also used sometimes. The name never came into wider use in the
Scottish world, or the Gaelic world more generally, and has no modern form. The name "Indulf" is a spelling produced by later medieval French influence; Hudson,
2057:
in 1332. He was quickly defeated by loyalist forces and sent back to England. With English support, he would mount two more attempts to seize the throne again, in 1333 and 1335, each time his actual control of the throne was brief before being sent back to England, for the last time in 1336. When
1533:
The status of Margaret, as a Scottish monarch is debated by historians. She was never crowned, and her contemporaries in Scotland described her as "queen" very rarely, referring to her instead as Scotland's "lady", "heir", or "lady and heir". On the other hand, documents issued from late 1286 no
948:
Macbeth came to power in 1040 after killing Duncan I in battle and had a long and relatively successful reign. Macbeth was a cousin of Duncan and was a maternal grandson of Malcolm II. In a series of battles between 1057 and 1058, Duncan's son Malcolm III defeated and killed Macbeth and Macbeth's
3577:
WE William and Mary, King and Queen of Scotland, faithfully promise and swear, by this our solemn Oath, in presence of the Eternal God, that during the whole Course of our Life we will serve the same Eternal God, to the uttermost of our Power, according as he has required in his most Holy Word,
3372:
James VII continued to claim the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland. When he died in 1701, his son James inherited his father's claims and called himself James VIII of Scotland and III of England and Ireland. He would continue to do so all his life, even after the Kingdoms of England and
1671:
to arbitrate the claims. He did so but forced the Scots to swear allegiance to him as overlord. Eventually, it was decided that John Balliol should become king. He proved weak and incapable and, in 1296, was forced to abdicate by Edward I who then attempted to annex Scotland into the Kingdom of
3553:
Oppression and all kind of Wrong; in all Judgements, I shall command and procure that Justice and Equity be kept to all creatures without exception, as he be merciful to me and you that is the Lord and Father of all Mercies; and out of all my lands and empire I shall be careful to root out all
2954:
was appointed Governor of Scotland. James II himself became James VII in 1685. His Catholicism was not tolerated, and he was driven out of England after three years. In his place came his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange, the ruler of the Dutch Republic. The two were accepted as
2169:, James's son, found himself faced with the Civil War. The resultant conflict lasted eight years and ended in his execution. The English Parliament then decreed their monarchy to be at an end. The Scots Parliament, after some deliberation, broke their links with England and declared that
3539:
I, N.N., promise faithfully, in the presence of the eternal, my God, that I, enduring the whole Course of my Life, shall serve the same Eternal, my God, to the utmost of my Power, accordingly as he required in his most Holy Word, revealed and contained in the New and
1840:
in 1314, the Scots routed the English, and by 1328 the English had agreed by treaty to accept Scottish independence. Robert's son, David, acceded to the throne as a child. The English renewed their war with Scotland, and David was forced to flee the kingdom by
5972:
365:
from the other. Malcolm II was the last king of the House of Alpin; in his reign, he successfully crushed all opposition to him and, having no sons, was able to pass the crown to his daughter's son, Duncan I, who inaugurated the House of Dunkeld.
865:
Duncan succeeded to the throne as the maternal grandson of Malcolm II. The House of Dunkeld was therefore closely related to the House of Alpin. Duncan was killed in battle by Macbeth, another maternal grandson of Malcolm II.
361:, an entirely modern concept. The descendants of Kenneth MacAlpin were divided into two branches; the crown would alternate between the two, the death of a king from one branch often hastened by war or assassination by a
2164:
James VI became King of England and Ireland as James I in 1603 when his cousin Elizabeth I died. Thereafter, although the two crowns of England and Scotland remained separate, the monarchy was based chiefly in England.
2053:, France. During the minority of David II, Edward Balliol seized the opportunity to assert his claim to the throne, and backed by the English, he defeated the forces of David's regency and was himself crowned king at
5957:
4164:
that was conquered in the 11th century, becoming part of the new Kingdom of Scotland). However, in reality, the distinction is a product of later medieval myth and confusion resulting from a change in nomenclature:
5854:
3358:
not until the early 18th century that the idea had the will of both political establishments to succeed, thereby bringing the two separate states together under a single parliament as well as a single monarch.
851:¤Amlaíb is known only by a reference to his death in 977, which reports him as King of Alba; since Kenneth II is known to have still been King in 972–973, Amlaíb must have taken power between 973 and 977.
848:*Eochiad was a son of Run, King of Strathclyde, but his mother was a daughter of Kenneth I. Evidence of his reign is unclear. He may have never actually been king and if he was, he was co-king with Giric.
1088:, moving from father to son, or where not possible, brother to brother. Alexander III was the last ruler from the house of Dunkeld, and having no sons, the throne was inherited by his granddaughter
9078:
3557:
and Enemies to the true Worship of God, that shall be convicted by the true Kirk of God of the foresaid Crimes; and these Things above-written I faithfully affirm by my solemn Oath.
6607:
3613:
3447:
4253:
Properly speaking, Coinneach should actually be Cionaodh, since Coinneach is historically a separate name. However, in the modern language, both names have converged.
2950:, the Stuarts became Kings of Scotland once more but Scotland's rights were not respected. During the reign of Charles II, the Scottish Parliament was dissolved and
1629:, a young child, who inherited the throne in 1286. A set of guardians were appointed to rule Scotland in her absence since she was living in Norway where her father
219:
became the last monarch of the ancient kingdoms of Scotland and England and the first of Great Britain, although the kingdoms had shared a monarch since 1603 (see
6031:
4131:
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2962:, in rivalry to that of England, failed, leaving the Scottish nobles who financed the venture for their profit bankrupt. This coincided with the accession of
1973:
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6600:
4121:
3544:; and according to the same Word shall maintain the true Religion of Jesus Christ, the preaching of his Holy Word, and due and right administration of his
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1633:
was king. She was finally sent to Scotland in 1290 but died before arriving in Scotland. The next king of Scots was not determined until completion of an
1772:
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3470:
1614:
1523:
3483:
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3474:
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1820:(the grandson of the 1292 competitor, Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale who in turn was the grandson of David of Huntingdon, younger brother of
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3482:
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9235:
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3334:, agreed on 22 July 1706, following prolonged negotiation between Queen Anne's Commissioners representing both parliaments. The Acts joined the
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174:) was the founder and first King of the Kingdom of Scotland (although he never held the title historically, being King of the Picts instead).
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4073:
3492:
1625:
The First Interregnum began upon the death of Alexander III of Scotland in 1286. Alexander's only surviving descendant was his granddaughter
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3481:
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9195:
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7721:
9240:
8445:
7882:
6024:
3497:
3480:
3473:
3462:
3458:
3215:
3449:
197:; the terms are retained in both languages to this day. By the late 11th century at the very latest, Scottish kings were using the term
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7651:
1651:
The death of Margaret of Norway began a two-year interregnum in Scotland caused by a succession crisis. With her death, the descent of
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1522:
inherited the throne in 1286, but died in 1290 in Orkney on her way to be crowned. During her absence, Scotland was ruled by a set of
8039:
8921:
7661:
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This name was probably only originally applied to Mael Coluim IV, Mael Coluim III's grandson, and then later confused; see Duncan,
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2501:
1790:
invaded Scotland. The second set of guardians were appointed under Edward I who ruled from 1296 to 1306, until the election of
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30:
This article is about Scottish monarchs until 1707. For British monarchs since the Union of Scotland and England in 1707, see
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8270:
8143:
7887:
7609:
7511:
5892:
3796:
3505:
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monarchs of Scotland after a period of deliberation by the Scottish Parliament and ruled together as William II and Mary II.
1902:
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1634:
1584:
266:
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9100:
8835:
8367:
2001:
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8387:
8133:
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2701:
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8671:
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1778:
1526:. After her death, Scotland entered a period of interregnum, where 13 contenders fought for the throne and ultimately,
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290:
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314:
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8123:
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of the Norse name Hildufr (or perhaps English Eadulf); it occurs in various contemporary Gaelic forms, such as
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9127:
8631:
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8503:
8118:
8032:
7726:
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5755:
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1906:
348:
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8778:
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8676:
8636:
8433:
8411:
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7932:
7701:
7688:
7501:
7402:
7363:
7267:
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6553:
4059:
3836:
3831:
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3684:
3587:
3570:
3400:, son of James VIII, was claimant from his father's death until his death in 1788 without legitimate issue.
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3207:
2963:
2731:
1824:) fought against the English. Bruce and his supporters had murdered their rival to the throne of Scotland,
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344:
216:
118:
302:
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455:
35:
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stepson and heir Lulach and became the king, thereby passing the throne back to the House of Dunkeld.
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4991:, p. 17, note 1. Cenn Mór certainly means "great chief" rather than "big head", as sometimes thought.
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60:
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Historically, the Kingdom of Scotland is thought to have grown out of an earlier "Kingdom of the
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For ten years, Scotland had no king. The Scots, however, refused to tolerate English rule. First
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Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots and other Early Memorials of Scottish History
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482:
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8:
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Guardian of Scotland § Guardians of Scotland during the Second Interregnum 1296–1306
1731:
1668:
1475:
1299:
1289:
220:
204:
161:
5001:
3262:
2173:, son, and heir of Charles I, would become King. He ruled until 1651 when the armies of
1615:
Guardian of Scotland § Guardians of Scotland during the First Interregnum 1286–1292
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8571:
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1992:
1936:
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208:
165:
108:
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4771:
Former probable because later English (speaking) sources called him "Grim"; Old Irish
4195:
had come to refer to the Kingdom of the Picts rather than Britain (its older meaning).
3573:
was approved by the Parliament of Scotland on 18 April 1689. The oath was as follows:
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3275:
3155:
2605:
2494:
2335:
1988:
1981:
1910:
1752:
1630:
1580:
6747:
2665:
2428:
2317:
8963:
8958:
8895:
8761:
8621:
8522:
7940:
7892:
7844:
7716:
7711:
7556:
7546:
7204:
7194:
7084:
7057:
6909:
6741:
6661:
6654:
6473:
6434:
6293:
6228:
5619:
4104:
3961:
3723:
3717:
2722:
2443:
2279:
2268:
2014:
1897:
1872:
1821:
1817:
1791:
1652:
1646:
1397:
1368:
860:
395:
6004:
5645:
5117:
This nickname however is not attested for another three centuries, in the work of
1717:
9164:
8988:
8968:
8586:
8470:
7804:
7799:
7566:
7551:
7199:
6944:
6774:
6726:
6716:
6710:
6318:
6113:
5813:
5231:
4720:
4192:
4049:
3735:
3407:", brother of Charles III and youngest son of James VIII. Died unmarried in 1807.
3331:
2786:
2766:
2639:
2490:
2456:
2346:
2174:
2143:
1915:
1809:
1514:
186:
182:
6009:
5700:
5310:
4642:
4445:
8973:
7794:
7696:
7541:
7297:
7184:
7141:
7095:
6880:
6523:
6068:
5885:
Scottish Independence and the Idea of Britain. From the Picts to Alexander III.
5205:
4955:
4302:
3711:
3705:
3412:
3093:
3084:
2740:
2570:
2553:
2436:
2243:
2238:
2158:
2086:
2037:
1842:
1493:
1440:
943:
358:
352:
190:
81:
5463:
5170:
5092:
4797:
4746:
4598:
3427:. Neither he nor any of his predecessors since 1807 have pursued their claim.
3283:
5 children, none of whom survived childhood; 12 miscarriages and still-births
3186:
9179:
8992:
8756:
8696:
8665:
8541:
7922:
7809:
7516:
6078:
5671:
5541:
4624:
4566:; Ildulb is used by some historians because it correctly represents the name
4562:
4553:
4110:
3811:
3541:
2959:
2790:
2626:
2229:
2131:
Son of John Balliol, candidate of the English to replace the exiled David II
2022:
1085:
157:
5515:
5437:
5385:
5336:
5284:
4836:
4681:
2049:. Following his abdication, John Balliol lived out his life in obscurity in
8751:
8701:
8646:
8215:
7462:
7322:
7079:
6461:
6138:
5930:
5880:
5726:
5567:
5489:
5131:
4875:
4406:
4228:
3876:
3438:
king of Scotland, although this claim gained no international recognition.
2401:
Church of the Friars Preachers of Blessed Virgin and Saint Dominic at Perth
2372:
2147:
2109:
2042:
1813:
1783:
1699:
1660:
1527:
1479:
1430:
8914:
8006:
6674:
6238:
5593:
4916:
4488:
4276:
7678:
7491:
7327:
7312:
6897:
6218:
6158:
6123:
5830:
Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience
5053:
3133:
3067:
2046:
1663:, great-grandson of William I's younger brother David of Huntingdon, and
1124:
6198:
4527:
4185:
to vernacular around the end of the 9th century. By this time, the word
2482:
1574:
8158:
7984:
7561:
7302:
7292:
7282:
6869:
6731:
6268:
6223:
6168:
6153:
6148:
6093:
5806:
5781:
5027:
4367:
3729:
3031:
2907:
2840:
2540:
1803:
1330:
1173:
7355:
2221:
8495:
7317:
7287:
6874:
6849:
6263:
6258:
6188:
6178:
6143:
6103:
6083:
4341:
3545:
3435:
3198:
3194:
3080:
2123:
2045:, who had himself ruled for four years following his election in the
1209:
362:
8017:
6975:
6349:
699:
8805:
8576:
8048:
7673:
7307:
7248:
6854:
6679:
6243:
6208:
6203:
6163:
6118:
6098:
6088:
6063:
3520:
3431:
3354:
2031:
1833:
1444:
7989:
7533:
7225:
7131:
6513:
6273:
6133:
6108:
6058:
3566:
3385:, son of James VII, was claimant from 1701 until he died in 1766.
3120:
2100:
2050:
1928:
1748:
1667:, grandson of David of Huntingdon. The Scottish magnates invited
5906:
The Kingship of the Scots, 842–1292: Succession and Independence
2753:
235:
in 1651. He had a second coronation in England ten years later.
73:
8902:
7017:
6965:
6689:
6684:
6389:
6339:
5195:
Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1214.6; Annals of Loch Cé, s.a. 1213.10.
3554:
2958:
An attempt to establish a Scottish colonial empire through the
1595:
1072:
Great-grandson of Kenneth II or Kenneth III through his mother
1028:
644:
5756:"William II and III (r. 1689-1702) and Mary II (r. 1689–1694)"
3446:
357:
The reign of Kenneth MacAlpin begins what is often called the
6937:
6313:
6253:
4182:
4157:
3097:
1932:
501:
169:
4898:
4896:
3150:
No children. A miscarriage may have rendered Mary infertile
6721:
6005:
British Royal Family History – Kings and Queens of Scotland
3549:
3349:
Scotland and England had shared a common monarch since the
2774:
6615:
1078:
449:
son of Alpin, king of Dál Riata, and brother of Kenneth I
4893:
2941:
203:, or King of Scots, to refer to themselves in Latin. The
5937:
The Canmores: Kings & Queens of the Scots, 1040–1290
5267:
5265:
4172:
4107:– The title of the heir apparent to the Scottish throne.
5825:
4632:; as Dub means "Black", "Dub the Black" is tautologous.
4132:
List of monarchs of the British Isles by cause of death
2137:
5262:
4186:
5160:
also means simply "Holy". David was never canonised.
4122:
Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland
3411:
After 1807, the Jacobite claims passed first to the
3143:
Daughter of James VII (II of England) and Anne Hyde
1602:
Granddaughter of Alexander III through his daughter
5958:"Margaret, "Maid of Norway" and Scottish Queenship"
5250:
5934:
5827:
6039:
4779:, which means "power" or "authority"; see Skene,
4113:– The style of address used by the King of Scots.
1766:
9177:
3441:
3415:(1807–1840), then to the Modenese branch of the
2930:
2157:, a junior member of the Stewart family, became
2032:House of Balliol (Disputed claimant) (1332–1356)
1952:great-great-great-great-grandson of King David I
1608:
931:Grandson of Malcolm II (son of eldest daughter)
5750:
5748:
4101:– The principal residence of the King of Scots.
3077:Son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France
3024:Son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France
2900:son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France
1640:
1019:Grandson of Malcolm II (son of second daughter)
854:
325:
5874:Early Sources of Scottish History: AD 500–1286
4979:
4977:
1832:, on 10 February 1306 at Greyfriars Church in
1659:presented themselves; the most prominent were
1655:became extinct and there was no obvious heir.
1508:
8033:
7371:
6601:
6025:
5695:
5693:
4067:
2763:son of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and Mary I
1797:
937:
5745:
2235:Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland
2177:occupied Scotland and drove him into exile.
330:
7168:Monarchs of England and Scotland after the
5826:Appiah, Anthony; Henry Louis Gates (1999).
5412:"Edward Balliol (r. for periods 1332–1356)"
4974:
4166:
198:
8040:
8026:
7378:
7364:
7345:Debated or disputed rulers are in italics.
6608:
6594:
6032:
6018:
5690:
4074:
4060:
1758:great-great-great-grandson of King David I
2550:son of James III and Margaret of Denmark
2286:grandson of Robert I through his daughter
1786:abdicated in March 1296. That same month
572:
3203:Republic of the Seven United Netherlands
2382:son of Robert III and Anabella Drummond
1361:
1236:
1224:
1166:
1001:
920:
719:
475:
415:
7385:
5978:from the original on 11 September 2022.
3330:, putting into effect the terms of the
2974:, and from 1801 of the United Kingdom.
1985:son of Robert I and Elizabeth de Burgh
1079:House of Dunkeld (restored) (1058–1286)
14:
9236:9th-century establishments in Scotland
9178:
5900:
5816:parliament.uk, accessed 7 October 2008
5271:
5002:"Donald III (r. 1093–1094, 1094–1097)"
4127:Lists of monarchs in the British Isles
3519:The Scottish coronation oath sworn by
2942:House of Stuart (restored) (1660–1707)
2675:daughter of James V and Mary of Guise
403:(Cináed mac Ailpín / Ciniod m. Ailpin)
8047:
8021:
7359:
6589:
6013:
5879:
5620:"Mary, Queen of Scots (r. 1542–1567)"
3293:Daughter of James VII (primogeniture)
3179:(Uilleam Orains, "William of Orange")
2498:son of James II and Mary of Guelders
1903:Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale
1665:Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale
8368:Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland
5955:
5929:
5256:
3272:Daughter of James VII and Anne Hyde
2829:son of James VI and Anne of Denmark
2332:son of Robert II and Elizabeth Mure
9196:Lists of office-holders in Scotland
3738:(1371–1652) (1660–1707)
3322:passed during 1706 and 1707 by the
3229:offered the crown by the Parliament
3165:offered the crown by the Parliament
2630:Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, France
2609:son of James IV and Margaret Tudor
2138:House of Stewart/Stuart (1371–1651)
259:Royal Standard of the King of Scots
24:
9241:1707 disestablishments in Scotland
5902:Duncan, Archibald Alexander McBeth
3514:
3423:(since 1919). The current heir is
3361:
3251:Queen of Great Britain and Ireland
2407:son of Robert III (primogeniture)
1779:First War of Scottish Independence
25:
9257:
8794:Scottish Qualifications Authority
8531:Office of the Accountant of Court
8456:Member of the Scottish Parliament
5993:
4775:has similar meaning to Old Irish
3048:Son of Charles I (primogeniture)
2924:son of Charles I (primogeniture)
2578:son of James III (primogeniture)
2440:son of James I and Joan Beaufort
2353:son of Robert II (primogeniture)
4137:Burial places of British royalty
4043:
3612:
3606:
3419:(1840–1919), and finally to the
3303:
3261:
3185:
3132:
3110:Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
3066:
3013:
2882:
2864:son of James VI (primogeniture)
2816:
2752:
2664:
2646:son of James IV (primogeniture)
2596:
2539:
2521:son of James II (primogeniture)
2481:
2427:
2371:
2316:
2220:
2099:
1972:
1888:
1716:
1066:Gille Coemgáin, Mormaer of Moray
337:Family tree of Scottish monarchs
313:
301:
289:
277:
265:
251:
72:
54:
6645:Monarchs of Scotland until 1603
5863:
5848:
5819:
5800:
5774:
5719:
5664:
5646:"James VI and I (r. 1567–1625)"
5638:
5612:
5586:
5560:
5534:
5508:
5482:
5456:
5430:
5404:
5378:
5361:Rasmusen, Barbara Mure (1996).
5355:
5329:
5303:
5277:
5224:
5198:
5189:
5163:
5150:
5124:
5111:
5085:
5072:
5046:
5020:
4994:
4948:
4935:
4909:
4868:
4855:
4829:
4816:
4790:
4765:
4739:
4713:
4700:
4674:
4661:
4635:
4617:
4591:
4578:
4546:
4520:
4507:
4481:
4464:
4438:
4425:
4399:
4386:
4360:
3708:(843–878; 889–1040)
3353:in 1603 when the Scottish king
2937:Scotland under the Commonwealth
2463:son of James I (primogeniture)
1816:, then John Comyn, and finally
9246:Scottish history-related lists
6642:Monarchs of England until 1603
5908:. Edinburgh University Press.
5887:, Edinburgh University Press,
5232:"Alexander III (r. 1249–1286)"
4721:"Constantine III (r. 995–997)"
4334:
4321:
4295:
4269:
4256:
4247:
4221:
4208:
4150:
4094:Scottish monarchs' family tree
2798:son of Mary I (primogeniture)
1767:Second Interregnum (1296–1306)
1215:(Donnchadh mac Mhaoil Chaluim)
1130:(Maol Chaluim mac Dhonnchaidh)
1034:(Lughlagh mac Gille Chomghain)
751:(Coinneach mac Mhaoil Chaluim)
189:, which later became known in
13:
1:
6041:Pictish and Scottish monarchs
5311:"John Balliol (r. 1292–1296)"
5206:"Alexander II (r. 1214–1249)"
4643:"Culen or Colin (r. 967–971)"
4446:"Constantine II (r. 900–943)"
4202:
4171:('King of the Picts') became
3561:The coronation oath sworn by
3442:Timeline of Scottish monarchs
3434:proclaimed himself to be the
2931:Third Interregnum (1651–1660)
2323:
1741:
1723:
1609:First Interregnum (1286–1292)
1567:
1305:(Dàibhidh mac Mhaoil Chaluim)
1278:(Alaxandair mac Maíl Choluim)
1276:(Alasdair mac Mhaoil Chaluim)
1147:Rí Alban / Scottorum basileus
623:(Maol Chaluim mac Dhòmhnaill)
8144:Colonisation of the Americas
7512:Colonization of the Americas
5093:"Alexander I (r. 1107–1124)"
4956:"Malcolm III (r. 1058–1093)"
4303:"Constantine I (r. 863–877)"
4181:, when annals switched from
3797:Colonization of the Americas
2404:aged about 42 (assassinated)
1641:House of Balliol (1292–1296)
1501:
1474:
1472:
1457:
1452:
1425:
1423:
1408:
1392:
1381:
1366:
1358:
1343:
1328:
1319:Maud, Countess of Huntingdon
1317:
1312:
1297:
1288:
1283:
1268:
1263:
1256:
1241:
1229:
1222:
1207:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1171:
1150:
1145:
1137:
1122:
1063:
1056:
1041:
1026:
1013:
1006:
994:
987:(MacBheatha mac Fhionnlaigh)
979:
930:
925:
911:
896:
855:House of Dunkeld (1034–1040)
841:
834:
827:(Maol Chaluim mac Choinnich)
819:
814:
807:
792:
787:
785:
770:
765:
758:
743:
739:
724:
712:
697:
692:
685:
669:
664:
657:
642:
637:
630:
615:
610:
603:
588:
583:
565:
550:
545:
543:
526:
521:
514:
499:
495:
480:
468:
453:
448:
446:
431:
422:
408:
393:
345:List of Kings of Strathclyde
326:List of monarchs of Scotland
86:24 July 1567 – 27 March 1625
27:Scottish monarchs until 1707
7:
7252:British monarchs after the
5876:, 2 Vols (Edinburgh, 1922).
5855:Scottish Parliament Project
5701:"Charles II (r. 1660–1685)"
5464:"Robert III (r. 1390–1406)"
5171:"Malcolm IV (r. 1153–1165)"
4798:"Malcolm II (r. 1005–1034)"
4747:"Kenneth III (r. 997–1005)"
4599:"Dubh or Duff (r. 962–967)"
4086:
3430:In 1971, Ugandan President
2679:François II, King of France
1509:House of Sverre (1286–1290)
1467:(Alaxandair mac Alaxandair)
1217:(Donnchad mac Maíl Choluim)
1132:(Máel Coluim mac Donnchada)
238:
227:was the last monarch to be
36:Legendary kings of Scotland
10:
9262:
8816:Inventions and discoveries
8519:Supreme Courts of Scotland
7507:Economy in the Middle Ages
7468:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
5672:"Charles I (r. 1625–1649)"
5542:"James III (r. 1460–1488)"
5438:"Robert II (r. 1371–1390)"
4987:, pp. 51–52, 74–75; Oram,
3417:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
3365:
3307:
3141:St James's Palace, England
2934:
2688:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
2306:(Raibeart III Stiùbhairt,
2141:
1801:
1798:House of Bruce (1306–1371)
1776:
1770:
1644:
1618:
1612:
1512:
1336:(Maol Chaluim mac Eanraig)
1249:(Eagar mac Mhaoil Chaluim)
1179:(Dòmhnall mac Dhonnchaidh)
1036:(Lulach mac Gille Comgaín)
989:(Mac Bethad mac Findláich)
941:
938:House of Moray (1040–1058)
858:
406:843/848 – 13 February 858
349:List of kings of Dál Riata
341:List of Kings of the Picts
334:
242:
164:. According to tradition,
34:. For legendary ones, see
29:
9211:Lists of British monarchs
9144:
9091:Scottish Episcopal Church
9039:
8987:
8949:
8940:
8773:Curriculum for Excellence
8737:
8733:
8724:
8612:
8603:
8494:
8343:
8334:
8325:
8206:
8197:
8069:
8056:
7931:
7868:
7820:
7785:
7742:
7687:
7610:Convention of the Estates
7580:
7532:
7393:
7340:
7263:
7247:
7243:
7180:
7163:
7159:
6636:
6632:
6562:
6282:
6047:
5727:"James II (r. 1685–1688)"
5568:"James IV (r. 1488–1513)"
5516:"James II (r. 1437–1460)"
5386:"David II (r. 1329–1371)"
5337:"Robert I (r. 1306–1329)"
5285:"Margaret (r. 1286–1290)"
4837:"Duncan I (r. 1034–1040)"
4682:"Kenneth II (r. 971–995)"
4117:List of Scottish consorts
3992:Scottish Episcopal Church
3145:
3047:
2972:monarchs of Great Britain
2833:Henrietta Maria of France
2095:In opposition to David II
1794:as the king of Scotland.
829:(Máel Coluim mac Cináeda)
753:(Cináed mac Maíl Choluim)
680:(Dubh mac Mhaoil Chaluim)
625:(Máel Coluim mac Domnall)
331:House of Alpin (848–1034)
181:just became known as the
140:
132:
124:
114:
104:
99:
95:
91:
71:
67:
53:
45:
9201:Lists of Scottish people
8527:High Court of Justiciary
5965:Reading Medieval Studies
5924:Kings of Celtic Scotland
5594:"James V (r. 1513–1542)"
5490:"James I (r. 1406–1437)"
5367:. Publisher: Heinemann.
5132:"David I (r. 1124–1153)"
4876:"Macbeth (r. 1040–1057)"
4489:"Malcolm I (r. 943–954)"
4407:"Donald II (r. 889–900)"
4229:"Kenneth I (r. 834–858)"
4143:
3927:Scottish Socialist Party
3344:Kingdom of Great Britain
3310:List of British monarchs
3007:(Teàrlach II Stiùbhairt)
2968:Kingdom of Great Britain
2876:(Teàrlach II Stiùbhairt)
2214:(Raibeart II Stiùbhairt)
1627:Margaret, Maid of Norway
1621:Margaret, Maid of Norway
1520:Margaret, Maid of Norway
1418:(Alaxandair mac Uilliam)
1338:(Máel Coluim mac Eanric)
1307:(Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim)
1251:(Étgar mac Maíl Choluim)
1231:Ethelreda of Northumbria
1226:Rí Alban / Rex Scottorum
1090:Margaret, Maid of Norway
904:(Donnchadh mac Crìonain)
811:"the Chief"/ "the Brown"
507:(Griogair mac Dhunghail)
245:Coat of arms of Scotland
213:Kingdom of Great Britain
32:List of British monarchs
9226:Renaissance in Scotland
9101:Free Church of Scotland
8388:International relations
5812:15 October 2008 at the
4917:"Lulach (r. 1057–1058)"
4277:"Donald I (r. 859–863)"
4177:('King of Alba') under
4173:
4099:Palace of Holyroodhouse
3922:Scottish National Party
3647:During the Roman Empire
3227:Grandson of Charles I (
3163:Daughter of James VII (
3060:(Seumas VII Stiùbhairt)
2810:(Teàrlach I Stiùbhairt)
2709:Palace of Holyroodhouse
2692:Palace of Holyroodhouse
2475:(Seumas III Stiùbhairt)
1745: 25 November 1314
1465:(Alasdair mac Alasdair)
1181:(Domnall mac Donnchada)
780:(Causantín mac Cuiléin)
560:(Domnall mac Causantín)
558:(Dòmhnall mac Chòiseim)
546:grandson of Kenneth I*
463:(Causantín mac Cináeda)
461:(Còiseam mac Choinnich)
401:(Coinneach mac Ailpein)
170:
145:Royal Court of Scotland
9216:Scotland-related lists
8682:Royal Bank of Scotland
8378:Great Seal of Scotland
7963:Court of the Lord Lyon
6049:Monarchs of the Picts
5156:Later nickname. Latin
5054:"Edgar (r. 1097–1107)"
4187:
4167:
4162:Kingdom of Strathclyde
3957:National football team
3580:
3559:
3533:Parliament of Scotland
3425:Franz, Duke of Bavaria
3328:Parliament of Scotland
2746:(Seumas VI Stiùbhairt)
2732:cognatic primogeniture
2533:(Seumas IV Stiùbhairt)
2421:(Seumas II Stiùbhairt)
1589:September/October 1290
1416:(Alasdair mac Uilleim)
1394:Ermengarde de Beaumont
1203:at least one daughter
1103:(Medieval Gaelic name)
1068:and Gruoch of Scotland
960:(Medieval Gaelic name)
906:(Donnchad mac Crínáin)
877:(Medieval Gaelic name)
800:(Coinneach mac Dhuibh)
778:(Còiseam mac Chailein)
678:(Dub mac Maíl Choluim)
665:Son of Constantine II
652:(Ildulb mac Causantín)
377:(Medieval Gaelic name)
296:William II and Mary II
199:
8979:British Sign Language
8446:Members of Parliament
8373:Deputy First Minister
8211:Anglo-Scottish border
8179:Industrial Revolution
7600:Estates of Parliament
6284:Monarchs of the Scots
5956:Reid, Norman (1982).
5922:Hudson, Benjamin T.,
5782:"Anne (r. 1702–1714)"
5028:"Duncan II (r. 1094)"
4985:Kingship of the Scots
4528:"Indulf (r. 954–962)"
4216:Scottish Independence
3766:Scandinavian Scotland
3575:
3537:
3398:Bonnie Prince Charlie
3324:Parliament of England
3126:(Màiri II Stiùbhairt)
3028:Catherine of Braganza
2904:Catherine of Braganza
2837:St Augustine's Church
2730:daughter of James V (
2590:(Seumas V Stiùbhairt)
2365:(Seumas I Stiùbhairt)
1838:Battle of Bannockburn
1374:(Uilleam mac Eanraig)
1152:Ingibiorg Finnsdottir
584:Son of Constantine I
469:An Finn-Shoichleach,
439:(Dòmhnall mac Solein)
419:("King of the Picts")
8922:World Heritage Sites
8119:Wars of Independence
7707:Early modern warfare
7438:Wars of Independence
7222:William III & II
6787:Henry the Young King
6737:Edward the Confessor
6705:Æthelred the Unready
6365:Constantine III (IV)
6330:Constantine II (III)
4368:"Giric (r. 878–889)"
3987:Scottish Reformation
3772:Wars of independence
3531:and approved by the
3421:House of Wittelsbach
3216:Mary, Princess Royal
2948:Scottish Restoration
2617:Notre Dame Cathedral
2041:was the son of King
1585:Margaret of Scotland
1502:Son of Alexander II
1376:(Uilliam mac Eanric)
1362:Grandson of David I
1101:(Modern Gaelic name)
1070:Step-son of Macbeth
958:(Modern Gaelic name)
875:(Modern Gaelic name)
805:997 – 25 March 1005
734:(Amlaíb mac Ilduilb)
707:(Cuilén mac Ilduilb)
598:(Causantín mac Áeda)
576:("King of Scotland")
488:(Aodh mac Choinnich)
472:"The Wine-Bountiful"
441:(Domnall mac Ailpín)
427:, king of Dál Riata
375:(Modern Gaelic name)
284:James VI – James VII
272:William I – James VI
207:was merged with the
179:Kingdom of the Picts
9221:Kingdom of Scotland
8712:International trade
8266:Mountains and hills
8174:Highland Clearances
8149:Glorious Revolution
8114:Davidian Revolution
8061:Outline of Scotland
7497:Glorious Revolution
7458:Union of the Crowns
7433:Davidian Revolution
7387:Kingdom of Scotland
7170:Union of the Crowns
6395:Malcolm III Canmore
4050:Scotland portal
3792:Glorious Revolution
3636:) 12,000 BC–700 BC
3394:The Young Pretender
3368:Jacobite succession
3351:Union of the Crowns
3340:Kingdom of Scotland
3296:Bill of Rights 1689
3043:Palace of Whitehall
2919:Palace of Whitehall
2861:aged 48 (executed)
2853:Palace of Whitehall
2771:Old Bishop's Palace
2727:aged 44 (executed)
2719:Fotheringhay Castle
2613:Madeleine of Valois
2502:Margaret of Denmark
2390:Southwark Cathedral
2299:(born John Stewart)
2155:Henry, Lord Darnley
2114:Isabella de Warenne
1882:(Raibeart a Briuis)
1732:Isabella de Warenne
1669:Edward I of England
1657:Thirteen candidates
1476:Margaret of England
1290:Sybilla of Normandy
1237:Son of Malcolm III
1098:Modern English name
1021:Cousin of Duncan I
955:Modern English name
872:Modern English name
634:"the Dangerous Red"
596:(Còiseam mac Aoidh)
509:(Giric mac Dúngail)
444:858 – 13 April 862
372:Modern English name
221:Union of the Crowns
205:Kingdom of Scotland
162:Kingdom of Scotland
154:monarch of Scotland
9231:843 establishments
9069:Church of Scotland
8861:Royal National Mòd
8799:Education Scotland
8572:Scots property law
8567:College of Justice
8476:Secretary of State
8298:Biosphere reserves
8169:Lowland Clearances
8154:1707 Acts of Union
8000:Saint Andrew's Day
7970:Royal coat of arms
7835:Church of Scotland
7662:Secretary of State
7652:Acts of Parliament
7524:Union with England
7254:Acts of Union 1707
7217:James II & VII
6910:Kenneth I MacAlpin
6695:Edgar the Peaceful
6468:Second Interregnum
6435:William I the Lion
6304:Constantine I (II)
6294:Kenneth I MacAlpin
5870:Anderson, Alan Orr
5733:. 26 February 2016
5678:. 30 December 2015
5082:, vol. ii, p. 141.
4342:"Aed (r. 877–878)"
4027:Edinburgh timeline
3817:The Scots language
3748:Acts of Union 1707
3685:History (timeline)
3336:Kingdom of England
3320:Parliamentary Acts
2826:Dunfermline Palace
2658:(Màiri Stiùbhairt)
2260:Papal dispensation
1993:Berwick-upon-Tweed
1925:Elizabeth de Burgh
1592:St Margaret's Hope
1561:the Maid of Norway
1159:Margaret of Wessex
1008:Gruoch of Scotland
928:at least two sons
842:Son of Kenneth II
658:An Ionsaighthigh,
396:Kenneth I MacAlpin
209:Kingdom of England
166:Kenneth I MacAlpin
105:First monarch
61:Royal coat of arms
9206:Lists of monarchs
9191:Scottish monarchy
9186:Scottish monarchs
9173:
9172:
9140:
9139:
9136:
9135:
9128:Ethnic minorities
9086:Roman Catholicism
9035:
9034:
8720:
8719:
8599:
8598:
8595:
8594:
8582:Prison population
8562:Sheriff principal
8557:Solicitor General
8552:Procurator fiscal
8461:Political parties
8321:
8320:
8099:Early Middle Ages
8015:
8014:
7918:Scottish baronial
7727:Lord High Admiral
7668:Regiam Majestatem
7418:Early Middle Ages
7353:
7352:
7336:
7335:
7239:
7238:
7155:
7154:
7150:
7149:
6700:Edward the Martyr
6583:
6582:
6456:First Interregnum
6000:Scottish Monarchs
5989:(Edinburgh, 1867)
5926:(Westport, 1994).
5894:978-0-7486-2360-0
5788:. 3 February 2016
5762:. 3 February 2016
5707:. 3 February 2016
5652:. 3 February 2016
5626:. 3 February 2016
5600:. 3 February 2016
5574:. 3 February 2016
5548:. 3 February 2016
5522:. 3 February 2016
5496:. 3 February 2016
5470:. 3 February 2016
5444:. 3 February 2016
5418:. 3 February 2016
5392:. 3 February 2016
5343:. 3 February 2016
5317:. 3 February 2016
5291:. 21 January 2016
5238:. 21 January 2016
5212:. 21 January 2016
5177:. 21 January 2016
5138:. 21 January 2016
5119:Andrew of Wyntoun
5099:. 21 January 2016
5060:. 21 January 2016
5034:. 21 January 2016
5008:. 13 January 2016
4962:. 13 January 2016
4945:, vol. i, p. 603.
4923:. 13 January 2016
4843:. 13 January 2016
4804:. 13 January 2016
4783:, p. 98; Hudson,
4753:. 13 January 2016
4727:. 13 January 2016
4688:. 13 January 2016
4649:. 13 January 2016
4605:. 13 January 2016
4534:. 13 January 2016
4495:. 13 January 2016
4474:, p. 91; Hudson,
4452:. 13 January 2016
4413:. 13 January 2016
4374:. 13 January 2016
4348:. 13 January 2016
4309:. 13 January 2016
4283:. 13 January 2016
4235:. 13 January 2016
4160:" (and later the
4084:
4083:
4032:Glasgow timeline
4009:Islam and Muslims
3744:(1652–1660)
3732:(1306–1371)
3726:(1292–1296)
3720:(1058–1286)
3714:(1040–1058)
3396:and often called
3392:", also known as
3383:The Old Pretender
3381:", also known as
3342:to form a united
3301:
3300:
3288:Kensington Palace
3279:St James's Palace
3276:George of Denmark
3270:St James's Palace
3243:(Anna Stiùbhairt)
3222:Kensington Palace
3156:Kensington Palace
3146:St James's Palace
3107:16 September 1701
3087:, London, England
3075:St James's Palace
3022:St James's Palace
2928:
2927:
2892:St James's Palace
2673:Linlithgow Palace
2606:Linlithgow Palace
2495:St Andrews Castle
2380:Dunfermline Abbey
2336:Anabella Drummond
2135:
2134:
2029:
2028:
2021:son of Robert I (
2005:Inchmurdach, Fife
2002:Margaret Drummond
1982:Dunfermline Abbey
1947:Manor of Cardross
1764:
1763:
1737:at least one son
1606:
1605:
1581:Eric II of Norway
1571: April 1283
1506:
1505:
1453:Son of William I
1400:, Oxford, England
1076:
1075:
1045:"the Unfortunate"
1016:Mormaer Findláech
935:
934:
846:
845:
802:(Cináed mac Duib)
766:Son of Malcolm I
759:An Fionnghalach,
693:Son of Malcolm I
638:Son of Donald II
607:"the Middle Aged"
580:("King of Scots")
578:Rì nan Albannaich
538:(Eochaid mac Run)
522:Son of Donald I?
490:(Áed mac Cináeda)
476:Son of Kenneth I
211:to form a single
171:Cináed mac Ailpín
150:
149:
128:843 (traditional)
115:Last monarch
16:(Redirected from
9253:
9153:
9074:General Assembly
8964:Scottish English
8959:Highland English
8947:
8946:
8836:Oldest buildings
8735:
8734:
8731:
8730:
8677:Renewable energy
8622:Bank of Scotland
8610:
8609:
8523:Court of Session
8504:Advocate General
8434:Military history
8412:Local government
8341:
8340:
8332:
8331:
8204:
8203:
8124:Late Middle Ages
8109:High Middle Ages
8042:
8035:
8028:
8019:
8018:
7717:Royal Scots Navy
7712:Royal Scots Army
7702:Medieval warfare
7502:Maritime history
7443:Late Middle Ages
7428:Late Middle Ages
7423:High Middle Ages
7380:
7373:
7366:
7357:
7356:
7245:
7244:
7205:Richard Cromwell
7195:The Protectorate
7185:James I & VI
7161:
7160:
6742:Harold Godwinson
6662:Edward the Elder
6655:Alfred the Great
6639:
6638:
6634:
6633:
6610:
6603:
6596:
6587:
6586:
6576:
6567:also monarch of
6034:
6027:
6020:
6011:
6010:
5979:
5977:
5962:
5952:
5940:
5919:
5897:
5858:
5852:
5846:
5845:
5833:
5823:
5817:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5778:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5752:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5723:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5697:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5683:
5668:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5657:
5642:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5616:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5605:
5590:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5579:
5564:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5538:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5512:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5486:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5460:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5449:
5434:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5408:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5382:
5376:
5364:Robert The Bruce
5359:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5333:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5307:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5296:
5281:
5275:
5269:
5260:
5254:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5243:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5202:
5196:
5193:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5182:
5167:
5161:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5128:
5122:
5115:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5089:
5083:
5076:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5050:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5039:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5013:
4998:
4992:
4981:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4952:
4946:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4913:
4907:
4900:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4872:
4866:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4833:
4827:
4820:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4794:
4788:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4717:
4711:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4678:
4672:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4639:
4633:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4595:
4589:
4582:
4576:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4524:
4518:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4485:
4479:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4442:
4436:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4403:
4397:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4338:
4332:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4273:
4267:
4260:
4254:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4225:
4219:
4212:
4196:
4190:
4176:
4170:
4154:
4105:Duke of Rothesay
4076:
4069:
4062:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4004:Jews and Judaism
3997:Great Disruption
3917:Local government
3724:House of Balliol
3718:House of Dunkeld
3616:
3610:
3600:
3582:
3581:
3265:
3258:
3244:
3189:
3180:
3153:28 December 1694
3136:
3127:
3102:21 November 1673
3089:3 September 1660
3070:
3061:
3017:
3008:
2977:
2976:
2886:
2877:
2823:19 November 1600
2820:
2811:
2779:23 November 1589
2761:Edinburgh Castle
2756:
2747:
2723:Northamptonshire
2668:
2659:
2637:14 December 1542
2600:
2591:
2564:9 September 1513
2543:
2534:
2485:
2476:
2444:Mary of Guelders
2431:
2422:
2398:21 February 1437
2375:
2366:
2328:
2325:
2320:
2311:
2308:An Righ Bhacaigh
2288:(primogeniture)
2280:Dundonald Castle
2269:Euphemia de Ross
2224:
2215:
2198:Dynastic status
2180:
2179:
2159:King as James VI
2103:
2096:
2061:
2060:
2015:Edinburgh Castle
2012:22 February 1371
2007:20 February 1364
1976:
1967:
1966:(Dàibhidh Bruis)
1898:Turnberry Castle
1892:
1883:
1866:Dynastic status
1848:
1847:
1830:Lord of Badenoch
1818:Robert the Bruce
1792:Robert the Bruce
1746:
1743:
1728:
1725:
1720:
1711:
1693:Dynastic status
1675:
1674:
1647:House of Balliol
1572:
1569:
1549:Dynastic status
1537:
1536:
1490:Yolande de Dreux
1484:25 December 1251
1468:
1419:
1402:5 September 1186
1398:Woodstock Palace
1390:
1377:
1356:
1348:
1339:
1315:
1308:
1286:
1279:
1261:
1252:
1227:
1218:
1196:
1191:
1182:
1167:Son of Duncan I
1148:
1143:
1133:
1118:Dynastic status
1104:
1095:
1094:
1054:
1046:
1037:
1004:
999:
990:
975:Dynastic status
961:
952:
951:
923:
918:
907:
892:Dynastic status
878:
869:
868:
861:House of Dunkeld
839:
830:
812:
803:
781:
763:
762:"the Fratricide"
754:
735:
717:
708:
690:
681:
662:
653:
635:
631:An Bodhbhdercc,
626:
608:
599:
581:
570:
561:
539:
519:
518:"Son of Fortune"
510:
491:
473:
464:
442:
420:
413:
404:
389:Dynastic status
378:
369:
368:
317:
305:
293:
281:
269:
255:
231:in Scotland, at
202:
173:
79:Longest reigning
76:
58:
49:
43:
42:
21:
9261:
9260:
9256:
9255:
9254:
9252:
9251:
9250:
9176:
9175:
9174:
9169:
9156:
9149:
9132:
9031:
8983:
8969:Scottish Gaelic
8936:
8841:Performing arts
8716:
8591:
8587:Police Scotland
8490:
8471:Scotland Office
8317:
8278:Protected areas
8193:
8065:
8052:
8046:
8016:
8011:
7927:
7864:
7816:
7805:Scottish people
7800:Scottish Gaelic
7781:
7738:
7683:
7657:Lord Chancellor
7605:General Council
7584:
7576:
7528:
7389:
7384:
7354:
7349:
7332:
7259:
7235:
7200:Oliver Cromwell
7176:
7151:
7146:
6993:Constantine III
6902:
6727:Harold Harefoot
6717:Edmund Ironside
6628:
6623: and
6614:
6584:
6579:
6566:
6558:
6285:
6278:
6234:Constantine (I)
6114:Galam Cennalath
6050:
6043:
6038:
5996:
5975:
5960:
5949:
5916:
5895:
5866:
5861:
5853:
5849:
5842:
5824:
5820:
5814:Wayback Machine
5805:
5801:
5791:
5789:
5780:
5779:
5775:
5765:
5763:
5754:
5753:
5746:
5736:
5734:
5725:
5724:
5720:
5710:
5708:
5699:
5698:
5691:
5681:
5679:
5670:
5669:
5665:
5655:
5653:
5644:
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5639:
5629:
5627:
5618:
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5603:
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5577:
5575:
5566:
5565:
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5551:
5549:
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5539:
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5523:
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5509:
5499:
5497:
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5487:
5483:
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5471:
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5457:
5447:
5445:
5436:
5435:
5431:
5421:
5419:
5410:
5409:
5405:
5395:
5393:
5384:
5383:
5379:
5360:
5356:
5346:
5344:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5320:
5318:
5309:
5308:
5304:
5294:
5292:
5283:
5282:
5278:
5270:
5263:
5255:
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5241:
5239:
5230:
5229:
5225:
5215:
5213:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5194:
5190:
5180:
5178:
5169:
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5164:
5155:
5151:
5141:
5139:
5130:
5129:
5125:
5116:
5112:
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5100:
5091:
5090:
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5073:
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5052:
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5047:
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5026:
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5021:
5011:
5009:
5000:
4999:
4995:
4982:
4975:
4965:
4963:
4954:
4953:
4949:
4940:
4936:
4926:
4924:
4915:
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4910:
4901:
4894:
4884:
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4873:
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4856:
4846:
4844:
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4830:
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4807:
4805:
4796:
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4791:
4770:
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4756:
4754:
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4730:
4728:
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4714:
4705:
4701:
4691:
4689:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4666:
4662:
4652:
4650:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4622:
4618:
4608:
4606:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4583:
4579:
4560:, found in the
4551:
4547:
4537:
4535:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4512:
4508:
4498:
4496:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4469:
4465:
4455:
4453:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4430:
4426:
4416:
4414:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4391:
4387:
4377:
4375:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4351:
4349:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4326:
4322:
4312:
4310:
4301:
4300:
4296:
4286:
4284:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4261:
4257:
4252:
4248:
4238:
4236:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4200:
4199:
4193:Scottish Gaelic
4155:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4089:
4080:
4044:
4042:
4037:
4036:
4022:
4014:
4013:
3977:
3967:
3966:
3942:
3932:
3931:
3907:
3897:
3896:
3867:
3857:
3856:
3852:Natural history
3761:
3753:
3752:
3736:House of Stuart
3701:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3624:
3611:
3598:
3591:
3517:
3515:Coronation oath
3512:
3510:
3444:
3370:
3364:
3362:Later claimants
3332:Treaty of Union
3312:
3306:
3294:
3289:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3271:
3269:
3268:6 February 1665
3253:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3223:
3221:
3205:
3193:
3192:4 November 1650
3181:
3178:
3177:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3148:4 November 1677
3147:
3142:
3140:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3113:
3108:
3104:Seven children
3103:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3083:
3076:
3074:
3073:14 October 1633
3062:
3059:
3058:
3044:
3042:
3041:6 February 1685
3037:
3035:
3030:
3023:
3021:
3009:
3006:
3005:
2944:
2939:
2933:
2920:
2918:
2917:6 February 1685
2913:
2911:
2906:
2899:
2890:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2860:
2851:
2850:30 January 1649
2846:
2844:
2835:
2828:
2824:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2794:
2787:Theobalds House
2785:
2781:seven children
2780:
2778:
2769:
2767:Anne of Denmark
2762:
2760:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2726:
2717:
2716:8 February 1587
2712:
2710:
2708:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2674:
2672:
2671:8 December 1542
2660:
2657:
2656:
2642:
2640:Falkland Palace
2638:
2634:three children
2633:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2619:, Paris, France
2615:
2608:
2604:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2574:
2565:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2549:
2548:Stirling Castle
2547:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2517:
2513:
2509:three children
2508:
2506:
2504:
2497:
2491:Stirling Castle
2489:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2459:
2457:Roxburgh Castle
2455:
2451:seven children
2450:
2448:
2446:
2439:
2435:
2434:16 October 1430
2423:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2403:
2399:
2395:eight children
2394:
2393:2 February 1424
2392:
2388:
2381:
2379:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2349:
2347:Rothesay Castle
2345:
2341:seven children
2340:
2338:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2312:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2298:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2255:
2246:
2232:
2228:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2175:Oliver Cromwell
2150:
2144:House of Stuart
2140:
2127:
2122:
2107:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2034:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1989:Joan of England
1984:
1980:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:Isabella of Mar
1900:
1896:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1810:William Wallace
1806:
1800:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1759:
1747:
1744:
1736:
1735:9 February 1281
1734:
1726:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:("Empty Cloak")
1703:
1649:
1643:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1598:
1590:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1563:
1559:
1517:
1515:House of Sverre
1511:
1498:
1497:15 October 1285
1496:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1427:Joan of England
1420:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1403:
1401:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1323:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1233:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1202:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1164:eight children
1163:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1060:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1020:
1010:
1002:
997:
996:
991:
988:
986:
985:
962:
959:
957:
956:
946:
940:
927:
921:
916:
914:
912:
908:
905:
903:
902:
879:
876:
874:
873:
863:
857:
838:"the Destroyer"
837:
836:
831:
828:
826:
825:
810:
809:
804:
801:
799:
798:
782:
779:
777:
776:
773:Constantine III
761:
760:
755:
752:
750:
749:
736:
733:
731:
730:
715:
714:
709:
706:
704:
703:
688:
687:
682:
679:
677:
676:
661:"the Aggressor"
660:
659:
654:
651:
649:
648:
633:
632:
627:
624:
622:
621:
606:
605:
600:
597:
595:
594:
579:
577:
575:
573:
568:
567:
562:
559:
557:
556:
540:
537:
535:
534:
517:
516:
511:
508:
506:
505:
492:
489:
487:
486:
471:
470:
465:
462:
460:
459:
443:
440:
438:
437:
418:
416:
412:"The Conqueror"
411:
410:
405:
402:
400:
399:
379:
376:
374:
373:
355:
333:
328:
321:
318:
309:
306:
297:
294:
285:
282:
273:
270:
261:
256:
247:
241:
215:in 1707. Thus,
193:and English as
187:Scottish Gaelic
183:Kingdom of Alba
87:
85:
80:
63:
47:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Scottish throne
15:
12:
11:
5:
9259:
9249:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9171:
9170:
9168:
9167:
9162:
9155:
9154:
9146:
9145:
9142:
9141:
9138:
9137:
9134:
9133:
9131:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9104:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9083:
9082:
9081:
9076:
9066:
9056:
9051:
9045:
9043:
9037:
9036:
9033:
9032:
9030:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8998:
8996:
8985:
8984:
8982:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8955:
8953:
8944:
8938:
8937:
8935:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8919:
8918:
8917:
8912:
8911:
8910:
8900:
8899:
8898:
8888:
8883:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8802:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8749:
8743:
8741:
8728:
8722:
8721:
8718:
8717:
8715:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8674:
8672:Power stations
8669:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8613:
8607:
8601:
8600:
8597:
8596:
8593:
8592:
8590:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8547:Lord President
8544:
8539:
8534:
8516:
8506:
8500:
8498:
8492:
8491:
8489:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8437:
8436:
8426:
8425:
8424:
8419:
8409:
8404:
8403:
8402:
8392:
8391:
8390:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8363:First Minister
8360:
8355:
8349:
8347:
8338:
8329:
8323:
8322:
8319:
8318:
8316:
8315:
8310:
8308:Municipalities
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8274:
8273:
8263:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8243:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8207:
8201:
8195:
8194:
8192:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8075:
8073:
8067:
8066:
8064:
8063:
8057:
8054:
8053:
8051: articles
8045:
8044:
8037:
8030:
8022:
8013:
8012:
8010:
8009:
8004:
8003:
8002:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7966:
7965:
7955:
7954:
7953:
7943:
7937:
7935:
7929:
7928:
7926:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7874:
7872:
7866:
7865:
7863:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7850:Highland dance
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7826:
7824:
7818:
7817:
7815:
7814:
7813:
7812:
7802:
7797:
7795:Scots language
7791:
7789:
7783:
7782:
7780:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7748:
7746:
7740:
7739:
7737:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7697:Gaelic warfare
7693:
7691:
7685:
7684:
7682:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7648:
7647:
7642:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7623:
7622:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7591:
7589:
7578:
7577:
7575:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7538:
7536:
7530:
7529:
7527:
7526:
7521:
7520:
7519:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7483:
7482:
7472:
7471:
7470:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7399:
7397:
7391:
7390:
7383:
7382:
7375:
7368:
7360:
7351:
7350:
7348:
7347:
7341:
7338:
7337:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7264:
7261:
7260:
7258:
7257:
7241:
7240:
7237:
7236:
7234:
7233:
7228:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7208:
7207:
7202:
7192:
7187:
7181:
7178:
7177:
7175:
7174:
7157:
7156:
7153:
7152:
7148:
7147:
7145:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7096:Edward Balliol
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6956:Constantine II
6953:
6948:
6941:
6934:
6927:
6920:
6913:
6905:
6903:
6901:
6900:
6895:
6884:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6783:
6778:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6748:Edgar Ætheling
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6665:
6658:
6650:
6647:
6646:
6643:
6637:
6630:
6629:
6613:
6612:
6605:
6598:
6590:
6581:
6580:
6578:
6577:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6464:
6459:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6290:
6288:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6055:
6053:
6045:
6044:
6037:
6036:
6029:
6022:
6014:
6008:
6007:
6002:
5995:
5994:External links
5992:
5991:
5990:
5980:
5953:
5947:
5927:
5920:
5914:
5898:
5893:
5877:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5859:
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5840:
5818:
5799:
5773:
5744:
5718:
5689:
5663:
5637:
5611:
5585:
5559:
5533:
5507:
5481:
5455:
5429:
5403:
5377:
5354:
5328:
5302:
5276:
5274:, p. 181.
5261:
5259:, p. 107.
5249:
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5110:
5084:
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4815:
4789:
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4699:
4673:
4660:
4634:
4616:
4590:
4577:
4552:His name is a
4545:
4519:
4506:
4480:
4463:
4437:
4424:
4398:
4385:
4359:
4333:
4320:
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4220:
4206:
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4119:
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4078:
4071:
4064:
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4012:
4011:
4006:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3978:
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3899:
3898:
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3884:
3879:
3874:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3842:Historiography
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3730:House of Bruce
3727:
3721:
3715:
3712:House of Moray
3709:
3706:House of Alpin
3702:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3603:
3602:
3593:
3592:
3585:
3516:
3513:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3413:House of Savoy
3409:
3408:
3401:
3386:
3366:Main article:
3363:
3360:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3233:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3190:
3183:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3116:
3115:
3105:
3094:Mary of Modena
3091:Eight children
3078:
3071:
3064:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3039:
3025:
3018:
3011:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2943:
2940:
2935:Main article:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2915:
2901:
2887:
2880:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2848:
2847:nine children
2830:
2821:
2814:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2782:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2736:
2735:
2728:
2714:
2704:, 4th Earl of
2676:
2669:
2662:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2635:
2621:1 January 1537
2610:
2601:
2594:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2571:Northumberland
2562:
2557:Holyrood Abbey
2554:Margaret Tudor
2551:
2544:
2537:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2510:
2505:Holyrood Abbey
2499:
2486:
2479:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2452:
2447:Holyrood Abbey
2441:
2437:Holyrood Abbey
2432:
2425:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2396:
2383:
2378:late July 1394
2376:
2369:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2350:aged about 69
2342:
2333:
2321:
2314:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2275:
2274:four children
2244:Elizabeth Mure
2241:
2239:Marjorie Bruce
2225:
2218:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2119:
2116:
2104:
2097:
2087:Edward Balliol
2081:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2038:Edward Balliol
2033:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2010:
1986:
1977:
1970:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1943:
1942:four children
1913:
1909:, Countess of
1893:
1886:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1843:Edward Balliol
1799:
1796:
1771:Main article:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1738:
1729:
1721:
1714:
1710:(Iain Balliol)
1695:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1642:
1639:
1613:Main article:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1587:
1565:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1494:Jedburgh Abbey
1486:three children
1473:
1471:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1441:Marie de Coucy
1424:
1422:
1406:
1405:
1404:four children
1391:
1380:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1342:
1326:
1325:
1324:four children
1316:
1311:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1282:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1255:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1192:
1185:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1149:
1144:
1136:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1062:
1055:
1040:
1024:
1023:
1012:
1005:
1000:
998:"the Red King"
993:
977:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
944:House of Moray
939:
936:
933:
932:
929:
924:
919:
915:"the Diseased"
910:
894:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
856:
853:
844:
843:
840:
833:
817:
816:
813:
806:
790:
789:
788:Son of Cuilén
786:
784:
768:
767:
764:
757:
741:
740:
738:
722:
721:
720:Son of Indulf
718:
711:
695:
694:
691:
689:"the Vehement"
684:
674:/ Dubh or Duff
667:
666:
663:
656:
640:
639:
636:
629:
613:
612:
609:
602:
591:Constantine II
586:
585:
582:
571:
564:
548:
547:
544:
542:
524:
523:
520:
513:
497:
496:
494:
478:
477:
474:
467:
451:
450:
447:
445:
429:
428:
421:
414:
407:
391:
390:
387:
384:
381:
359:House of Alpin
353:House of Alpin
332:
329:
327:
324:
323:
322:
319:
312:
310:
307:
300:
298:
295:
288:
286:
283:
276:
274:
271:
264:
262:
257:
250:
243:Main article:
240:
237:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
97:
96:
93:
92:
89:
88:
77:
69:
68:
65:
64:
59:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9258:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
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9207:
9204:
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9199:
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9189:
9187:
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9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9157:
9152:
9148:
9147:
9143:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9096:Baptist Union
9094:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9084:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9071:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9061:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9050:
9047:
9046:
9044:
9042:
9038:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8990:
8986:
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8975:
8972:
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8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8956:
8954:
8952:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8939:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8923:
8920:
8916:
8913:
8909:
8906:
8905:
8904:
8901:
8897:
8896:national flag
8894:
8893:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8878:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
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8849:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8812:
8809:
8807:
8804:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8774:
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8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8744:
8742:
8740:
8736:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8723:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8667:
8666:North Sea oil
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8614:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8602:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8542:Lord Advocate
8540:
8538:
8535:
8532:
8528:
8524:
8520:
8517:
8514:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8501:
8499:
8497:
8493:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8466:Republicanism
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8435:
8432:
8431:
8430:
8427:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8414:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8401:
8398:
8397:
8396:
8393:
8389:
8386:
8385:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8350:
8348:
8346:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8324:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8272:
8269:
8268:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8257:
8254:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8208:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8196:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8164:Enlightenment
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8076:
8074:
8072:
8068:
8062:
8059:
8058:
8055:
8050:
8043:
8038:
8036:
8031:
8029:
8024:
8023:
8020:
8008:
8005:
8001:
7998:
7997:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7964:
7961:
7960:
7959:
7956:
7952:
7949:
7948:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7941:National flag
7939:
7938:
7936:
7934:
7930:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7875:
7873:
7871:
7867:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7840:Country dance
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7827:
7825:
7823:
7819:
7811:
7808:
7807:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7788:
7784:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7745:
7741:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7719:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7694:
7692:
7690:
7686:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7669:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7637:
7635:
7633:
7632:Privy Council
7630:
7628:
7625:
7621:
7618:
7617:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7592:
7590:
7588:
7583:
7579:
7573:
7572:Orange-Nassau
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7539:
7537:
7535:
7531:
7525:
7522:
7518:
7517:Darien scheme
7515:
7514:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7481:
7478:
7477:
7476:
7473:
7469:
7466:
7465:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
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7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7396:
7392:
7388:
7381:
7376:
7374:
7369:
7367:
7362:
7361:
7358:
7346:
7343:
7342:
7339:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
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7266:
7265:
7262:
7256:
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7249:
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7232:
7229:
7227:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7197:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7182:
7179:
7173:
7171:
7166:
7165:
7162:
7158:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7097:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7075:
7071:
7069:
7068:Alexander III
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
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6949:
6947:
6946:
6942:
6940:
6939:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6928:
6926:
6925:
6924:Constantine I
6921:
6919:
6918:
6914:
6912:
6911:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6893:
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6806:
6805:
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6794:
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6789:
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6666:
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6500:
6497:
6495:
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6472:
6470:
6469:
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6463:
6460:
6458:
6457:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6445:Alexander III
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
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6408:
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6398:
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6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6287:
6286:(traditional)
6281:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6079:Galan Erilich
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6052:
6051:(traditional)
6046:
6042:
6035:
6030:
6028:
6023:
6021:
6016:
6015:
6012:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5997:
5988:
5984:
5981:
5974:
5970:
5966:
5959:
5954:
5950:
5944:
5939:
5938:
5932:
5931:Oram, Richard
5928:
5925:
5921:
5917:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5896:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5881:Broun, Dauvit
5878:
5875:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5856:
5851:
5843:
5841:9780465000715
5837:
5832:
5831:
5822:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5803:
5787:
5783:
5777:
5761:
5757:
5751:
5749:
5732:
5728:
5722:
5706:
5702:
5696:
5694:
5677:
5673:
5667:
5651:
5647:
5641:
5625:
5621:
5615:
5599:
5595:
5589:
5573:
5569:
5563:
5547:
5543:
5537:
5521:
5517:
5511:
5495:
5491:
5485:
5469:
5465:
5459:
5443:
5439:
5433:
5417:
5413:
5407:
5391:
5387:
5381:
5374:
5373:0-431-05883-0
5370:
5366:
5365:
5358:
5342:
5338:
5332:
5316:
5312:
5306:
5290:
5286:
5280:
5273:
5268:
5266:
5258:
5253:
5237:
5233:
5227:
5211:
5207:
5201:
5192:
5176:
5172:
5166:
5159:
5153:
5137:
5133:
5127:
5120:
5114:
5098:
5094:
5088:
5081:
5080:Early Sources
5075:
5059:
5055:
5049:
5033:
5029:
5023:
5007:
5003:
4997:
4990:
4986:
4980:
4978:
4961:
4957:
4951:
4944:
4943:Early Sources
4938:
4922:
4918:
4912:
4905:
4899:
4897:
4881:
4877:
4871:
4864:
4858:
4842:
4838:
4832:
4826:, pp. 99–100.
4825:
4819:
4803:
4799:
4793:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4752:
4748:
4742:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4709:
4703:
4687:
4683:
4677:
4670:
4664:
4648:
4644:
4638:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4625:Duan Albanach
4620:
4604:
4600:
4594:
4587:
4581:
4574:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4563:Duan Albanach
4559:
4555:
4554:Gaelicisation
4549:
4533:
4529:
4523:
4516:
4510:
4494:
4490:
4484:
4477:
4473:
4467:
4451:
4447:
4441:
4434:
4428:
4412:
4408:
4402:
4395:
4389:
4373:
4369:
4363:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4330:
4324:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4265:
4259:
4250:
4234:
4230:
4224:
4217:
4211:
4207:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4180:
4175:
4169:
4163:
4159:
4153:
4149:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4077:
4072:
4070:
4065:
4063:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4041:
4040:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3971:
3970:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3936:
3935:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3901:
3900:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3860:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3802:Enlightenment
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3695:
3694:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3558:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3542:Old Testament
3536:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3316:Acts of Union
3311:
3304:Acts of Union
3297:
3292:
3286:1 August 1714
3285:
3277:
3274:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3139:30 April 1662
3138:
3135:
3131:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3111:
3106:
3099:
3095:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3040:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2960:Darien Scheme
2956:
2953:
2949:
2938:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2791:Hertfordshire
2788:
2784:27 March 1625
2783:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2707:
2703:
2702:James Hepburn
2693:
2689:
2682:24 April 1558
2680:
2677:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2628:
2627:Mary of Guise
2618:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2603:15 April 1512
2602:
2599:
2595:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2567:Flodden Field
2563:
2561:six children
2559:8 August 1503
2555:
2552:
2546:17 March 1473
2545:
2542:
2538:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:3 August 1460
2453:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2386:Joan Beaufort
2384:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2302:the Lame King
2297:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2285:
2281:
2277:19 April 1390
2276:
2270:
2262:
2261:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2230:Paisley Abbey
2226:
2223:
2219:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2145:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2024:
2023:primogeniture
2020:
2016:
2011:
2003:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1951:
1944:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1477:
1462:
1461:
1460:Alexander III
1456:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1428:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1355:"Great Chief"
1333:
1332:
1327:
1320:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1260:"the Valiant"
1246:
1245:
1240:
1232:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1160:
1153:
1142:"Great Chief"
1127:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1086:primogeniture
1067:
1061:two children
1059:
1053:"the Foolish"
1031:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1009:
984:
983:
978:
974:
971:
968:
965:
954:
953:
950:
945:
917:or "the Sick"
913:An t-Ilgarach
901:
900:
895:
891:
888:
885:
882:
871:
870:
867:
862:
852:
849:
824:
823:
818:
797:
796:
791:
775:
774:
769:
748:
747:
742:
729:
728:
723:
702:
701:
696:
675:
673:
668:
647:
646:
641:
620:
619:
614:
604:An Midhaise,
593:
592:
587:
555:
554:
549:
533:
532:
531:
525:
504:
503:
498:
485:
484:
479:
458:
457:
456:Constantine I
452:
436:
435:
430:
426:
409:An Ferbasach,
398:
397:
392:
388:
385:
382:
371:
370:
367:
364:
360:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
316:
311:
304:
299:
292:
287:
280:
275:
268:
263:
260:
254:
249:
248:
246:
236:
234:
230:
226:
223:). Her uncle
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
200:rex Scottorum
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
175:
172:
167:
163:
159:
158:head of state
155:
146:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
98:
94:
90:
84:
83:
75:
70:
66:
62:
57:
52:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
9059:Christianity
9049:Baháʼí Faith
8942:Demographics
8886:coat of arms
8856:Prostitution
8789:Universities
8771:
8747:Architecture
8707:Unemployment
8702:Silicon Glen
8662:Oil industry
8647:Harris Tweed
8537:Crown Office
8440:
8429:Armed forces
8407:Independence
8395:Human rights
8226:Conservation
8216:Central Belt
8134:Early modern
7980:Crown Jewels
7975:Royal Banner
7888:Early Modern
7870:Architecture
7787:Demographics
7666:
7645:Early Modern
7614:
7534:Royal Houses
7480:Commonwealth
7463:Jacobean era
7344:
7323:Elizabeth II
7251:
7167:
7094:
7072:
7063:Alexander II
6980:
6943:
6936:
6929:
6922:
6915:
6908:
6890:
6879:
6802:
6785:
6773:
6746:
6709:
6667:
6660:
6653:
6620:
6466:
6454:
6440:Alexander II
6283:
6139:Gartnait III
6040:
5986:
5983:Skene, W. F.
5968:
5964:
5936:
5923:
5905:
5884:
5873:
5864:Bibliography
5850:
5829:
5821:
5802:
5790:. Retrieved
5786:royal.gov.uk
5785:
5776:
5764:. Retrieved
5760:royal.gov.uk
5759:
5735:. Retrieved
5731:royal.gov.uk
5730:
5721:
5709:. Retrieved
5705:royal.gov.uk
5704:
5680:. Retrieved
5676:royal.gov.uk
5675:
5666:
5654:. Retrieved
5650:royal.gov.uk
5649:
5640:
5628:. Retrieved
5624:royal.gov.uk
5623:
5614:
5602:. Retrieved
5598:royal.gov.uk
5597:
5588:
5576:. Retrieved
5572:royal.gov.uk
5571:
5562:
5550:. Retrieved
5546:royal.gov.uk
5545:
5536:
5524:. Retrieved
5520:royal.gov.uk
5519:
5510:
5498:. Retrieved
5494:royal.gov.uk
5493:
5484:
5472:. Retrieved
5468:royal.gov.uk
5467:
5458:
5446:. Retrieved
5442:royal.gov.uk
5441:
5432:
5420:. Retrieved
5416:royal.gov.uk
5415:
5406:
5394:. Retrieved
5390:royal.gov.uk
5389:
5380:
5362:
5357:
5345:. Retrieved
5341:royal.gov.uk
5340:
5331:
5319:. Retrieved
5315:royal.gov.uk
5314:
5305:
5293:. Retrieved
5289:royal.gov.uk
5288:
5279:
5252:
5240:. Retrieved
5236:royal.gov.uk
5235:
5226:
5214:. Retrieved
5210:royal.gov.uk
5209:
5200:
5191:
5179:. Retrieved
5175:royal.gov.uk
5174:
5165:
5157:
5152:
5140:. Retrieved
5136:royal.gov.uk
5135:
5126:
5113:
5101:. Retrieved
5097:royal.gov.uk
5096:
5087:
5079:
5074:
5062:. Retrieved
5058:royal.gov.uk
5057:
5048:
5036:. Retrieved
5032:royal.gov.uk
5031:
5022:
5010:. Retrieved
5006:royal.gov.uk
5005:
4996:
4988:
4984:
4964:. Retrieved
4960:royal.gov.uk
4959:
4950:
4942:
4937:
4925:. Retrieved
4921:royal.gov.uk
4920:
4911:
4903:
4883:. Retrieved
4880:royal.gov.uk
4879:
4870:
4862:
4857:
4845:. Retrieved
4841:royal.gov.uk
4840:
4831:
4823:
4818:
4806:. Retrieved
4802:royal.gov.uk
4801:
4792:
4785:Celtic Kings
4784:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4767:
4755:. Retrieved
4751:royal.gov.uk
4750:
4741:
4729:. Retrieved
4725:royal.gov.uk
4724:
4715:
4707:
4702:
4690:. Retrieved
4686:royal.gov.uk
4685:
4676:
4668:
4663:
4651:. Retrieved
4647:royal.gov.uk
4646:
4637:
4623:
4619:
4607:. Retrieved
4603:royal.gov.uk
4602:
4593:
4585:
4580:
4573:Celtic Kings
4572:
4567:
4561:
4557:
4548:
4536:. Retrieved
4532:royal.gov.uk
4531:
4522:
4514:
4509:
4497:. Retrieved
4493:royal.gov.uk
4492:
4483:
4476:Celtic Kings
4475:
4471:
4466:
4454:. Retrieved
4450:royal.gov.uk
4449:
4440:
4433:Celtic Kings
4432:
4427:
4415:. Retrieved
4411:royal.gov.uk
4410:
4401:
4393:
4388:
4376:. Retrieved
4372:royal.gov.uk
4371:
4362:
4350:. Retrieved
4346:royal.gov.uk
4345:
4336:
4328:
4323:
4311:. Retrieved
4307:royal.gov.uk
4306:
4297:
4285:. Retrieved
4281:royal.gov.uk
4280:
4271:
4263:
4258:
4249:
4237:. Retrieved
4233:royal.gov.uk
4232:
4223:
4218:. pp. 71–97.
4215:
4210:
4168:Rex Pictorum
4152:
3982:Christianity
3872:Architecture
3742:Commonwealth
3698:
3675:Early Modern
3576:
3560:
3538:
3518:
3429:
3410:
3397:
3393:
3382:
3371:
3348:
3313:
3281:28 July 1683
3236:
3220:8 March 1702
3210:, Prince of
3172:
3119:
3053:
3038:No children
3000:
2989:Marriage(s)
2957:
2945:
2914:no children
2869:
2845:13 June 1625
2803:
2759:19 June 1566
2739:
2713:no children
2651:
2583:
2526:
2515:Sauchie Burn
2512:11 June 1488
2507:13 July 1469
2488:10 July 1451
2468:
2412:
2358:
2344:4 April 1406
2307:
2301:
2293:
2265:ten children
2257:
2248:
2227:2 March 1316
2209:
2203:
2192:Marriage(s)
2163:
2151:
2148:Clan Stewart
2110:John Balliol
2085:
2084:
2073:Marriage(s)
2043:John Balliol
2036:
2035:
2009:no children
1996:17 July 1328
1979:5 March 1324
1959:
1921:one daughter
1895:11 July 1274
1877:
1871:
1860:Marriage(s)
1814:Andrew Moray
1807:
1784:John Balliol
1782:
1740:
1704:
1700:John Balliol
1698:
1687:Marriage(s)
1661:John Balliol
1650:
1624:
1579:daughter of
1560:
1554:
1532:
1528:John Balliol
1518:
1499:no children
1480:York Minster
1458:
1435:21 June 1221
1431:York Minster
1411:Alexander II
1409:
1367:
1347:"the Maiden"
1329:
1298:
1293:no children
1285:"the Fierce"
1269:
1242:
1208:
1199:
1172:
1123:
1115:Marriage(s)
1082:
1057:
1027:
1018:
1011:no children
980:
972:Marriage(s)
947:
897:
889:Marriage(s)
864:
850:
847:
820:
793:
771:
744:
725:
698:
670:
643:
616:
589:
569:"the Madman"
566:Dásachtach,
551:
528:
527:
500:
481:
454:
432:
417:Rex Pictorum
394:
356:
194:
176:
153:
151:
78:
46:Monarchy of
40:
8617:Agriculture
8481:Nationalism
8400:LGBT rights
8303:Environment
8184:Romanticism
8139:Reformation
8129:Renaissance
8094:Middle Ages
8089:Roman times
8084:Prehistoric
7679:Covenanters
7636:Government
7492:Popish Plot
7487:Restoration
7475:Interregnum
7453:Reformation
7448:Renaissance
7413:Roman times
7408:Prehistoric
7328:Charles III
7313:Edward VIII
7043:Alexander I
7023:Malcolm III
6998:Kenneth III
6898:Elizabeth I
6860:Richard III
6420:Alexander I
6370:Kenneth III
6321:(uncertain)
6219:Talorgan II
6184:Nechtan III
6159:Gartnait IV
6124:Gartnait II
5272:Duncan 2002
3952:Rugby union
3807:Romanticism
3787:Restoration
3782:Reformation
3777:Renaissance
3653:Middle Ages
3630:Prehistoric
3597:History of
3390:Charles III
3036:14 May 1662
3020:29 May 1630
2912:14 May 1662
2896:Westminster
2889:29 May 1630
2857:Westminster
2711:15 May 1567
2696:9 July 1565
2694:, Edinburgh
2684:no children
2632:18 May 1538
2623:no children
2449:3 July 1449
2327: 1337
2210:the Stewart
2128:aged 83–84
2047:Great Cause
1998:no children
1954:(election)
1945:7 June 1329
1760:(election)
1727: 1249
1705:Toom Tabard
1635:arbitration
1530:succeeded.
1448:15 May 1239
1437:no children
1389:"the Rough"
1314:"the Saint"
1271:Alexander I
1140:("Canmore")
1125:Malcolm III
835:Forranach,
815:Son of Dub
795:Kenneth III
716:"the White"
611:Son of Áed
9180:Categories
9079:Moderators
9022:Scientists
8908:regimental
8851:Placenames
8846:Philosophy
8821:Literature
8451:Parliament
8383:Government
8353:Devolution
8336:Government
8293:Ecoregions
8283:Waterfalls
8159:Jacobitism
7985:Scots pine
7946:Union Flag
7923:Neoclassic
7878:Vernacular
7303:Edward VII
7293:William IV
7283:George III
7212:Charles II
7107:Robert III
7053:Malcolm IV
7028:Donald III
7003:Malcolm II
6988:Kenneth II
6870:Henry VIII
6830:Richard II
6825:Edward III
6759:William II
6732:Harthacnut
6549:William II
6534:Charles II
6489:Robert III
6430:Malcolm IV
6410:Donald III
6400:Donald III
6375:Malcolm II
6360:Kenneth II
6269:Bridei VII
6224:Drest VIII
6169:Bridei III
6154:Talorgan I
6149:Talorc III
6129:Nechtan II
6094:Gartnait I
5948:0752423258
5941:. Tempus.
5915:0748616268
5078:Anderson,
4941:Anderson,
4904:Chronicles
4863:Chronicles
4824:Chronicles
4781:Chronicles
4708:Chronicles
4669:Chronicles
4586:Chronicles
4515:Chronicles
4472:Chronicles
4394:Chronicles
4329:Chronicles
4264:Chronicles
4203:References
3912:Devolution
3892:Philosophy
3887:Literature
3847:Demography
3563:William II
3546:Sacraments
3529:Charles II
3379:James VIII
3318:were twin
3308:See also:
3208:William II
3182:1689–1702
3174:William II
3129:1689–1694
3085:The Strand
3063:1685–1688
3032:Portsmouth
3010:1660–1685
3002:Charles II
2964:Queen Anne
2908:Portsmouth
2879:1649–1651
2871:Charles II
2841:Canterbury
2813:1625–1649
2749:1567–1625
2661:1542–1567
2593:1513–1542
2536:1488–1513
2478:1460–1488
2424:1437–1460
2418:Fiery Face
2368:1406–1437
2313:1390–1406
2295:Robert III
2272:2 May 1355
2251:canonicity
2249:uncertain
2217:1371–1390
2171:Charles II
2142:See also:
1969:1329–1371
1885:1306–1329
1826:John Comyn
1804:Clan Bruce
1802:See also:
1777:See also:
1713:1292–1296
1645:See also:
1619:See also:
1564:1286–1290
1513:See also:
1470:1249–1286
1421:1214–1249
1382:"the Lion"
1379:1165–1214
1352:Cenn Mór,
1341:1153–1165
1331:Malcolm IV
1310:1124–1153
1281:1107–1124
1254:1097–1107
1190:"the Fair"
1184:1093–1097
1174:Donald III
1155:three sons
1135:1058–1093
1039:1057–1058
992:1040–1057
942:See also:
909:1034–1040
859:See also:
832:1005–1034
822:Malcolm II
746:Kenneth II
732:(Amhlaigh)
713:An Fionn,
541:878–889?*
515:Mac Rath,
335:See also:
308:William II
225:Charles II
217:Queen Anne
136:1 May 1707
9064:Christmas
9017:Musicians
9012:Inventors
8951:Languages
8927:Festivals
8767:Education
8692:Transport
8632:Companies
8627:Charities
8358:Elections
8246:Highlands
8199:Geography
7995:St Andrew
7903:Palladian
7855:Mythology
7744:Geography
7318:George VI
7288:George IV
7278:George II
7190:Charles I
7172:from 1603
7122:James III
7102:Robert II
7058:William I
7033:Duncan II
6961:Malcolm I
6951:Donald II
6875:Edward VI
6865:Henry VII
6850:Edward IV
6820:Edward II
6810:Henry III
6793:Richard I
6754:William I
6675:Æthelstan
6539:James VII
6529:Charles I
6504:James III
6484:Robert II
6405:Duncan II
6335:Malcolm I
6325:Donald II
6264:Ciniod II
6259:Bridei VI
6239:Óengus II
6189:Drest VII
6179:Bridei IV
6144:Bridei II
6104:Talorc II
6084:Drest III
6069:Nechtan I
5971:: 75–96.
5257:Oram 2002
4906:, p. 102.
4865:, p. 101.
4787:, p. 105.
4179:Donald II
4111:His Grace
4021:By region
3827:Education
3822:Economics
3535:in 1567:
3525:Charles I
3436:uncrowned
3246:1702–1707
3199:The Hague
3195:Binnenhof
3158:, England
3100:, England
3081:Anne Hyde
3055:James VII
3034:, England
2983:Portrait
2946:With the
2910:, England
2898:, England
2859:, England
2843:, England
2805:Charles I
2793:, England
2725:, England
2698:one child
2573:, England
2470:James III
2205:Robert II
2186:Portrait
2167:Charles I
2126:, England
2124:Doncaster
2092:1332–1356
2067:Portrait
1878:the Bruce
1854:Portrait
1822:William I
1681:Portrait
1672:England.
1653:William I
1637:in 1292.
1524:guardians
1482:, England
1433:, England
1369:William I
1210:Duncan II
1138:Cenn Mór
995:Rí Deircc
808:An Donn,
737:973–977¤
705:(Cuilean)
618:Malcolm I
553:Donald II
363:pretender
141:Residence
133:Abolition
125:Formation
109:Kenneth I
9160:Category
9108:Hinduism
9054:Buddhism
9041:Religion
8871:Surnames
8811:Identity
8806:Hogmanay
8784:Colleges
8642:Forestry
8577:Udal law
8486:Unionism
8441:Monarchs
8345:Politics
8327:Politics
8261:Lowlands
8079:Timeline
8049:Scotland
7958:Heraldry
7913:Georgian
7908:Jacobean
7898:Churches
7883:Medieval
7860:Religion
7689:Military
7640:Medieval
7620:Guardian
7615:Monarchy
7582:Politics
7403:Timeline
7308:George V
7298:Victoria
7273:George I
7142:James VI
7127:James IV
7117:James II
7090:David II
7085:Robert I
7074:Margaret
7008:Duncan I
6917:Donald I
6855:Edward V
6845:Henry VI
6835:Henry IV
6815:Edward I
6781:Henry II
6680:Edmund I
6669:Ælfweard
6627:monarchs
6621:Scottish
6524:James VI
6509:James IV
6499:James II
6479:David II
6474:Robert I
6450:Margaret
6380:Duncan I
6299:Donald I
6244:Drest IX
6214:Alpín II
6209:Ciniod I
6204:Bridei V
6199:Óengus I
6164:Drest VI
6119:Bridei I
6099:Cailtram
6089:Drest IV
6074:Drest II
6064:Talorc I
5973:Archived
5933:(2002).
5904:(2002).
5883:(2007),
5810:Archived
4710:, p. 96.
4671:, p. 95.
4588:, p. 94.
4575:, p, 89.
4568:Hildulfr
4558:Iondolbh
4517:, p. 93.
4478:, p. 65.
4435:, p. 58.
4431:Hudson,
4396:, p. 87.
4331:, p. 85.
4266:, p. 83.
4174:Rí Alban
4087:See also
3975:Religion
3947:Football
3905:Politics
3882:The Kilt
3837:Maritime
3832:Military
3768:793–1468
3640:Iron Age
3634:timeline
3599:Scotland
3588:a series
3586:Part of
3521:James VI
3432:Idi Amin
3355:James VI
3338:and the
3326:and the
3290:Aged 49
3224:Aged 51
3160:Aged 32
3114:Aged 67
3112:, France
3045:Aged 54
2921:aged 54
2795:aged 58
2777:, Norway
2741:James VI
2706:Bothwell
2643:aged 30
2575:aged 40
2528:James IV
2518:aged 36
2460:aged 29
2414:James II
2283:aged 74
2018:aged 46
1961:David II
1949:aged 54
1907:Marjorie
1873:Robert I
1834:Dumfries
1788:Edward I
1577:, Norway
1575:Tønsberg
1556:Margaret
1450:one son
1445:Roxburgh
1257:Probus,
1234:one son
1195:Rí Alban
1109:Epithet
1042:Tairbith
1003:Rí Alban
966:Epithet
922:Rí Alban
899:Duncan I
883:Epithet
783:995–997
756:971–995
710:967–971
683:962–967
655:954–962
628:943–954
601:900–943
574:Rí Alban
563:889–900
512:878–889
493:877–878
466:862–877
434:Donald I
383:Epithet
239:Heraldry
195:Scotland
156:was the
82:James VI
48:Scotland
9151:Outline
9123:Sikhism
9118:Judaism
9027:Writers
9007:Artists
8915:unicorn
8876:Symbols
8826:Museums
8779:Schools
8762:Cuisine
8739:Culture
8726:Society
8687:Tourism
8652:Housing
8637:Fishing
8605:Economy
8417:History
8271:Highest
8251:Islands
8241:Geology
8221:Climate
8104:Kingdom
8071:History
8007:Unicorn
7990:Thistle
7933:Symbols
7893:Castles
7845:Cuisine
7822:Culture
7767:Palaces
7762:Islands
7757:Castles
7722:History
7627:Peerage
7557:Balliol
7547:Dunkeld
7395:History
7226:Mary II
7132:James V
7112:James I
7048:David I
7013:Macbeth
6945:Eochaid
6840:Henry V
6775:Matilda
6769:Stephen
6764:Henry I
6625:British
6619:,
6617:English
6573:Ireland
6569:England
6544:Mary II
6514:James V
6494:James I
6425:David I
6385:Macbeth
6319:Eochaid
6274:Drest X
6194:Alpín I
6134:Cinioch
6109:Drest V
6059:Drest I
5985:(ed.),
5807:Welcome
5158:Sanctus
4989:David I
4902:Skene,
4861:Skene,
4822:Skene,
4706:Skene,
4667:Skene,
4584:Skene,
4513:Skene,
4470:Skene,
4392:Skene,
4327:Skene,
4262:Skene,
4214:Broun,
3865:Culture
3567:Mary II
3405:Henry I
3206:Son of
3121:Mary II
2585:James V
2360:James I
2330:unknown
2233:son of
2108:Son of
2051:Picardy
1937:England
1929:Writtle
1911:Carrick
1901:son of
1749:Picardy
1631:Eric II
1599:aged 7
1386:Garbh,
1300:David I
1200:Unknown
1064:Son of
1058:Unknown
1014:Son of
982:Macbeth
530:Eochaid
423:son of
229:crowned
160:of the
100:Details
9165:Portal
9002:Actors
8989:People
8932:Comedy
8903:tartan
8881:anthem
8697:Whisky
8509:Courts
8422:Cities
8189:Modern
7777:Shires
7772:Places
7752:Burghs
7567:Stuart
7552:Sverre
7137:Mary I
7018:Lulach
6982:Amlaíb
6976:Cuilén
6966:Indulf
6892:Philip
6887:Mary I
6690:Eadwig
6685:Eadred
6390:Lulach
6355:Amlaíb
6350:Cuilén
6340:Indulf
6229:Conall
5945:
5912:
5891:
5838:
5792:1 July
5766:1 July
5737:1 July
5711:1 July
5682:1 July
5656:1 July
5630:1 July
5604:1 July
5578:1 July
5552:1 July
5526:1 July
5500:1 July
5474:1 July
5448:1 July
5422:1 July
5396:1 July
5371:
5347:1 July
5321:1 July
5295:1 July
5242:1 July
5216:1 July
5181:1 July
5142:1 July
5103:1 July
5064:1 July
5038:1 July
5012:1 July
4966:1 July
4927:1 July
4885:1 July
4847:1 July
4808:1 July
4777:greimm
4757:1 July
4731:1 July
4692:1 July
4653:1 July
4609:1 July
4538:1 July
4499:1 July
4456:1 July
4417:1 July
4378:1 July
4352:1 July
4313:1 July
4287:1 July
4239:1 July
3760:Topics
3680:Modern
3649:69–384
3590:on the
3555:Heresy
3527:, and
3257:–1714)
3212:Orange
2995:Claim
2992:Death
2986:Birth
2653:Mary I
2256:1349 (
2247:1336 (
2195:Death
2189:Birth
2079:Claim
2076:Death
2070:Birth
1863:Death
1857:Birth
1753:France
1690:Death
1684:Birth
1596:Orkney
1546:Death
1543:Birth
1112:Title
1106:Reign
1050:Fatuus
1029:Lulach
969:Title
963:Reign
926:Suthen
886:Title
880:Reign
727:Amlaíb
700:Cuilén
645:Indulf
386:Title
380:Reign
351:, and
9113:Islam
8974:Scots
8891:flags
8866:Sport
8831:Music
8757:Clans
8657:Media
8313:Munro
8288:Glens
8256:Lochs
8236:Flora
8231:Fauna
7732:Ships
7674:Whigs
7595:Court
7562:Bruce
7542:Alpin
7038:Edgar
6938:Giric
6804:Louis
6711:Sweyn
6415:Edgar
6314:Giric
6254:Uurad
6174:Taran
5976:(PDF)
5961:(PDF)
4628:, 23
4183:Latin
4158:Picts
4144:Notes
3940:Sport
3812:Clans
3658:Early
3098:Dover
2980:Name
2952:James
2258:with
2183:Name
2118:None
2064:Name
2055:Scone
1933:Essex
1851:Name
1678:Name
1540:Name
1359:None
1344:Virgo
1264:None
1244:Edgar
1220:1094
1187:Bán,
686:Dén,
502:Giric
425:Alpin
233:Scone
191:Scots
8993:list
8513:List
7951:list
7810:list
7585:and
7268:Anne
7231:Anne
7224:and
7080:John
6889:and
6881:Jane
6798:John
6722:Cnut
6571:and
6554:Anne
6519:Mary
6462:John
6249:Uuen
5943:ISBN
5910:ISBN
5889:ISBN
5836:ISBN
5794:2018
5768:2018
5739:2018
5713:2018
5684:2018
5658:2018
5632:2018
5606:2018
5580:2018
5554:2018
5528:2018
5502:2018
5476:2018
5450:2018
5424:2018
5398:2018
5369:ISBN
5349:2018
5323:2018
5297:2018
5244:2018
5218:2018
5183:2018
5144:2018
5105:2018
5066:2018
5040:2018
5014:2018
4968:2018
4929:2018
4887:2018
4849:2018
4810:2018
4773:donn
4759:2018
4733:2018
4694:2018
4655:2018
4630:here
4611:2018
4540:2018
4501:2018
4458:2018
4419:2018
4380:2018
4354:2018
4315:2018
4289:2018
4241:2018
4188:Alba
3962:Golf
3699:Rule
3668:Late
3663:High
3623:Eras
3571:Anne
3569:and
3550:Kirk
3314:The
3255:1707
3238:Anne
3214:and
2775:Oslo
2339:1367
2237:and
2146:and
2121:1367
2112:and
2106:1283
1940:1302
1919:1295
1905:and
1812:and
1583:and
1322:1113
1162:1070
320:Anne
177:The
152:The
119:Anne
8752:Art
8496:Law
7830:Art
7587:law
6971:Dub
6931:Áed
6345:Dub
6309:Áed
4191:in
3877:Art
2493:or
672:Dub
650:( )
536:( )
483:Áed
185:in
9182::
8529:,
8525:,
5967:.
5963:.
5872:,
5834:.
5784:.
5758:.
5747:^
5729:.
5703:.
5692:^
5674:.
5648:.
5622:.
5596:.
5570:.
5544:.
5518:.
5492:.
5466:.
5440:.
5414:.
5388:.
5339:.
5313:.
5287:.
5264:^
5234:.
5208:.
5173:.
5134:.
5095:.
5056:.
5030:.
5004:.
4976:^
4958:.
4919:.
4895:^
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